Selected quad for the lemma: land_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
land_n	degree_n	island_n	latitude_n	1,790	5	10.8282	5	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A81938	Geographia universalis: the present state of the whole world giving an account of the several religions, customs, and riches of each people; the strength and government of each polity and state; the curious and most remarkable things in every region; with other particulars necessary to the understanding history and the interests of princes. Written originally by the Sieur Duval, Geographer in Ordinary to the French King; and made English, and enlarged by Ferrand Spence.	Duval, P. (Pierre), 1619-1682.; Spence, Ferrand.	1685 (1685)	Wing D2919A; ESTC R229216	199,644	399

right Name was Columbus or Colonus Nor whether the Quadripartite Division of the World is rational or any Equality to be found in it The Reader is suppos'd to have some acquaintance with these things and to know what is the meaning of the Meridian Aequator Zodiack Tropicks Polar Circles and Zones or at least without these Knowledges may reap benefit enough from this Book But tho' this Treatise doth not pretend to shew how the Latitude in the Abstract may be found either in the day-time by the Sun or in the night by the Stars though it doth not brag of having invented any new more certain and ready way than hitherto has been used for the finding out the Longitudes of Places yet in the Descriptions of the most considerable Regions the Longitudes and Latitudes of them are not past over but are very carefully set down There is one Exception more which I am to take notice of That whereas our Author having divided the World into Upper and Nether Hemisphere has considered the first with Relation to France which will not do exactly in England yet since that England for the most part is under the same Meridian with France I have made bold to venture all Countries so considered in English without any Change or Alteration because there will be no great Squares broken For the like reason and by a Pardonable figure of Speech I call Europe Asia and Africa our Continent though we live in an Island which yet as some have said and proved how truly I shall not here question to have been once joyned to the Terra Firma I said I had but one Exception more to wipe off for I am sorry I have not forgot that nice one which some Criticks may make that I say of different Places such a thing in such a Place is the best in the World But besides that some things may be best in different Prospects and Relations these sort of Expressions follow the French and are vulgarly us'd in our own Tongue and are of a very ancient Date as appearing frequently in the Lively Oracles of God when both Hezekiah and Joshua are commended To have had none like unto them neither before nor after them THE PRESENT STATE Of the Four Parts of the WORLD The Terrestrial World WE mean by the Terrestrial World this round Mass which Comprehends the Earth and Water The Earth whose Description is here intended consists principally of two great Continents and some Lands towards both Poles The first of these Continents has three great Parts to wit Africa Asia and Europe Africa lyes toward the South and the West Asia on the East Europe North-West These three great Parts are in our Hemisphere which we call Superiour and Oriental with regard had to that of the Americans which seems to be below us and is West of us America possesses the other great Continent in the Inferiour and Occidental Hemisphere The Lands near the Poles are of two sorts Artick and Antartick neither have they long been nor is there much of them discover'd than what 's along the Sea-Coasts The Antartick Lands are separated from the other great Continents by the Ocean the Turn that Merchants and Travellers take in circling the World from East to West thro' the South Seas having left no subject of doubt We cannot with certainty say the same thing of the Artick Coasts tho' some affirm the Northern Sea communicates with the Oriental towards the North-East of our Continent and with the South-Sea toward the North-West of Northern America The Artick Region THese Parts have been call'd by the name of Artick because they are near the Artick Pole they are called Northern because of the North in which they are scituated * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Boreales from a Greek Word which signifies the North-Wind they consist of Islands and Peninsula's where there are Bears Foxes and Rain-Deer in abundance the Inhabitants living commonly on Hunting or Fishing The Seas of these Regions make a part of the the great Ocean which is here known under the name of Northern and Frozen The Ice there lasts a long time because to these Parts the Sun during several Months discovers not himself and when he appears he doth not heat or thaw it The Bays and Streights of Hudson Davis and Forbisher are in the Inferiour Hemisphere that of Weygats otherwise of Nassaw in the Superiour Hemisphere on the North of our Continent Cabot Willoughby Forbisher Davis Hudson and other English men have sought a Passage to the East-Indies through the three former Streights Barenson Heemskirk and other Hollanders have done the same thro' that of Weygats but all to no purpose by reason of the Ice which is almost continually there and stops Ships in their Navigation and this it is that has hindred 'em from going beyond the 80. Degree of North Latitude Three Courses have been commonly steer'd in these Northern Seas to Archangelo into Moscovy for Furs to Spigelberg and Greenland for Whales and into Norway for Herrings and Timber The Artick Lands are Estotiland Greenland Island Spigelberg Nova Zembla to which may be added the Land of Jesso tho' it be in the Northern temperate Zone Estotiland is towards the North of the great Continent of America Greenland is of a vast extent to the North of Estotiland Christian the Fourth King of Denmark call'd it His Philosophers Stone because the Ships he sent thither could hardly find it out His Successours keep a Governour there at Bearford The Greenlanders Cloaths are made of the Skins of Wild Beasts and their Wastcoats of Birds Skins garnish'd with their Feathers the Flour of the Bread they eat is made of Fishes Bones they drink Sea Water without receiving any inconvenience by so doing Iseland ISeland the Thule of the Ancients one of the greatest Islands in the World lyes towards the North in both Hemispheres where it is part of the Dominions of the Crown of Denmark This advantage it has of not having so many Rocks upon its Coasts as have the other Northern Countreys There are two Principal Villages Hola and Schalholt As for Cities it has none the Houses in other places are commonly of Wood cover'd with the Bark of Trees and with Turfs The Inhabitants are of the Confession of Augsbourg have no Physicians feed their Oxen and their Horses with dry Fish when they are in want of Hay They receive often great floats of Ice which are loosen'd from the Northern Shores whereon is Wood and several sorts of Creatures which they accommodate themselves withal Therefore they inhabit more willingly the Sea-Coasts than the inner part of the Island There are several Mountains whereof Mount Hecla is the most considerable It casts forth Fire and is not to be approached within six Miles distance Danish Hambourger and Lubecker Ships frequently refort thither with diverse Commodities of Europe which the Islanders stand in need of The Danes fetch from thence dryed Fish Whale-Oyl Butter Suet Sulphur Ox-Hides

of three or four Foot in length as thick as a Man's arm lying upon the Water with their Roots They are used to pass to such a distance to the Cape des Aiguilles that they can sound the Bank which is in the South of it From thence they go Eastward and then North-East to arrive at Madagascar In the above-mentioned Course they stay some time at the Canary Islands or in those of Cape Verd formerly at Cape Blanck Rufisque in the Isles of the Idols at Tagrin or in the Bay of Saldaign●● upon the Coast of Africk according to their Occasions and Occurrences The Bay of Saldaigna which is seven or eight Leagues in length and two or three in breadth has good anchorage it looks like a Lake and it has good shelter about from five or six small Islands which are there The return into France is performed after another manner than the way they go from thence by reason of the General Winds which reign from the East West-wardly in the Torrid Zone as we have said After having doubled the Cape of Good-Hope and been some hundred Leagues to the East they pursue the Course North North-East unto the sixteenth Degree of Southern Latitude from whence they go directly West to ken the Island of St. Helena where they are used to refresh themselves the English have made there a Fort some few years since From the Isle of St. Helena they go to the Isle of Ascension where they have the conveniency of Fishing for Tortoise and then still towards the North-East until they come to the height of France In their return when they are somewhat on this side the Line they leave the Panedo of St. Peter on the left After that they leave the Isles of Cape-Verd on the right as well as the Tercera's and are very cautious of approaching the Abrolhes which lye on the West of those Islands The Portugals go to the East-Indies by the South of the Cape of Good-Hope their Navigation into the Indian Sea is regulated by certain Seasons and the Winds they call Muessons After having doubled that famous Cape they bend their Course for Goa between the firm Land of Africa and the Island Madagascar to the East or to the West of the Shores of India They go to refresh themselves at Mozambick and pass between the Isles Comorro and Juan-Miz then still to the North-East unto the sixteenth Degree of Northern Latitude in the distance of about a hundred Leagues from the Desart Coast At length they steer directly East for Goa When they go from Goa to Macao they they make Sail along Malabar towards the Cape of Comorin South of Ceilan and of all the Southern Islands They pass through the Streights which are near the Island Galli and Sail along Macasar and the Manilhes unto Macao This they do not without great inconveniencies and they take that great Circuit because the Hollanders hinder them from passing between the Streights of Malacca and Sunda nay and often scout 'em towards Cochim and at the Point of Galle upon the Coast of the Isle of Ceilan The Navigation from Macao to Japan is about twenty days In their return at their departure from Goa they pass by the Cape to the West about a hundred and fifty Leagues and come in ken of the Desart Coast of Africa and in sight of Land and get to Mozambick making Sail between the Isle of Madagascar and the Shores of India they Coast along the Land of Natal where the Currents are commonly from the North-East to the South-West and where the Navigation is very dangerous After which they return into Portugal by the Cape of Good-Hope following the above-mention'd Course The Course the Hollanders often take to the East-Indies is by the South of the Cape of Good-Hope They go thither sometimes through the Streights of le Maire and Brovers They take that way by reason of the Winds motion of the Water which they have then favourable in Sayling towards the West and because commonly they spend less time and lose fewer Men in this than in the other way When by the South of Africa they go and double the Cape of Good-Hope they after touch at the Bay they call Tafel-Bay This Bay is a commodious Retreat for Ships they can Anchor there with all safety at six or eight Fathom Water and shelter themselves from the Storms which are very frequent in those parts The Air is healthful they find all sorts of refreshments excellent Water the access to it is so easie that they can take in fresh Water without any trouble For these considerations the Hollanders made an Establishment there some years since and no longer content themselves as they formerly did with leaving Letters there for their Country-men that might come to pass that way The Mountain of Tafel-Bay is esteemed thirteen hundred and fifty Foot high Those Hollanders who do not stop at Tafel-Bay make for Mauritius-Island otherwise Swan-Island This Island has in its Southern part a Port between the Flats wherein above fifty great Ships may ride safe under the shelter of a Fort built in the Year 1640. From thence between divers Flats they make for the Chanel of Mamale or that of Malique and in this last Course they have favourable Currents For their way towards Malacca whether that they go from Mauritius Island or from Cochim they pass by the Islands of Nicubar North of the Isle of Sumatra and leave the Isle of Pulo-Lada on the left otherwise called the Isle of Pepper of about twenty Leagues in compass They return into Holland after the same manner as do other Europeans Other Tracts and Ways to the East-Indies THE People who inhabit along the Mediterranean Sea designing for the East-Indies go to Alexandretta to Aleppo and Bi r which is four small days Journey from thence There are Caravans from Aleppo to Erzerum to Erivan to Tauris At Bi r they Embark upon the Euphrates to go in ten days to Rousvania from thence by Camels to Bagdad and then by the Tigris to Bassora They may go by Water from Rousvania to Bassora in small Barks from Bassora to El-Catif in eight days the Navigation is not very commodious upon the Euphrates and the Tigris by reason of the numbers of Mills they meet with upon those Rivers Sometimes they go through the Desart to go to those two Cities from whence they go to Ispaham and to Agra by Caravans or else after being Embark'd upon the Tigris they go to Congue and Gombru near Ormus by the Sea El-Catif and into the East-Indies by the Ocean The Customs of the Turk and Persian gain very much by the Merchandizes which take this way The Carriage from Bagdad to Bassora is very easie and pleasant in the Barks which go that way they sometimes make use of Sails and sometimes Oars often do they let themselves be carried along by the Current and Stream of the Water so as they only Steer The River which the

and those Teeth of Valrushes which some esteem as much as Ivory Spigelberg or Spitsbergen is a Countrey in our Hemisphere the most advanc'd toward the Artick Pole It produces only green Moss those that have been left there to make a full discovery of it perish'd through cold after having fought with White Bears who pretended a right to eat them Upon its Coasts Whales are taken of a prodigious bulk since from one alone has sometimes been drawn a a Hundred and twenty Tun of Oyl The English and Hollanders lay claim to the Dominion of it Nova Zembla is the Island Carambice of the Ancients very near our great Continent from whence one may pass to it upon the Ice and one way stretches as far as Spitsbergen nay and much farther so as it may probably be said that this is the place where those pass'd who first of all inhabited America the streight which parts it from the Terra firma has in its Eastern part high Mountains of Ice which are call'd Pater-nosters This Name of Nova Zembla is by reason of the Way that has been so long sought after along those Coasts to go to the East-Indies through the Tartarian-Sea In the year 1676. Capt. Wood that Ingenious and Industrious Seaman was again sent out by His Majesty King Charles the Second to make a more perfect Discovery of that North-East Passage perswaded unto it by diverse Relations of our own and Dutch Mariners who reported many things concerning it which Capt. Wood upon his own experience conceives to be false as that they were either under or near the Pole that it was there all thaw'd Water and the Weather as warm as at Amsterdam c. He saith further That he himself cou'd pass no further than 76 Deg. where he found the Sea as far as he cou'd discern entirely frozen without intermission That it is most likely that Nova Zembla and Greenland are the same Continent at least that there is no passage betwixt them for that he found scarce any Current And that little which was ran E.S.E. along the Ice and seem'd only to be a small Tide rising not above Eight Foot And whil'st he was in that Degree there were nothing but Frogs Frost and Snow and all imaginable ill Weather tho' at the same time the heat seem'd to be as great as at any time in England The Land of Jesso lyes between Asia and America being separated from each of those Continents by great Arms of the Sea Its Inhabitants exchange in those Cities of Japan that are nearest 'em their Fish their Skins the Tongues and the Fat of their Whales for other Merchandize which they fancy most The Planks of their Vessels are not nail'd they are sewed very dexterously with Ropes made of the Rind or Bark of Cocoes and they do not rot in the Water The Hollanders have been there several times Their Relations affirm That part of this Territory acknowledges the King of Japan for its Soveraign That the Commander in Chief of this Country who has his Residence at Matzimai carries that Monarch every year Silver Birds Feathers of several Colours with very fine Furs The Antartick Lands THe Antartick Land is often called Australis Magellanica Incognita We might with just title name them the Southern Indies and the third World Those who would engage Soveraign Princes to promote the discovery of these Lands say that they are of as great an extent as all America nor less Peopled or less Fertile than Europe They may have above Six thousand Miles of Coast in three several Zones of the Southern part of the World the Hot Temperate and Cold Perhaps Countreys might there be found of all manner of temperament tho' none have yet been beyond the 68 Degree of Southern Latitude Amongst the Streights that are there that of Magellan first afforded a way in the year 1523. to voyage it round the World through the South Sea this Streight is Two hundred Leagues in length in breadth in some places two three in others five six or ten Those who pass through it receive great inconveniencies by reason of the sinuosities and windings and the frequent storms that are there The Streights of Maire which were discovered in the year 1615. are much more commodious 't is but ten or twelve Leagues in length and as many in breadth That of Brouvers which was pass'd in the year 1643. is on the South-East and has the same advantages with that of Le Maire The English and Hollanders sometimes steer this Course to go to the East Indies Besides under the name of Antartick Lands are reckoned Countries which indeed are very far distant from the Southern Pole but which cannot be attributed to the other great parts of the World since they are separated from it by Seas of a vast extent New Guiney the Isles of Solomon New Zealand the Land of Fire the Land of Parrots New Holland There 's hardly any thing known of the other Southern Parts befides the Names of those who discovered them New Guiney towards the South of the Equinoxial Line and in the Inferiour Hemisphere is a very great Isle and bears this Name because it seems to be Diametrically opposite to the Guiney of Africa The Isles of Solomon are in the South Sea at ten or twelve Degrees of the Southern Latitude The Spaniards who have them in possession give them the name of Solomon to persuade the World that that wise King sent for his Gold from thence New Zealand is the Country where the Hollanders have met with scurvy usage when they would have setled themselves there There it is they say are great Men and of a huge stature whether they really be so or fear made them appear such at least each of their two Companies to the Indies avouched the same thing In all probability it was discovered by Fernandez de Quir who tells a thousand advantageous particulars of it He spent Fourteen Years in his Travels Fourteen Months at Court and presented in vain Eight Petitions to the King of Spain to persuade him to send Colonies thither Between New Zealand and the Streights of Magellan some have placed several small Islands which are said to have been discover'd in the Name of the King of Spain by Hernando Gallego in the year 1576. The Land of Fire on the South of America consists of several Islands that are called Magellanic and the Fires that were seen there the first time the Europeans went on shoar have given occasion to this Name The Land of Parrots is probably that which we call Terra Australis In the year 1504. a French-man called Gonneville went on shoar there and was kindly receiv'd by a petty King called Arosca After several Months abode he brought away with him some of the Inhabitants and amongst others one called Essomeriq a King's Son who has left of his Posterity in Normandy New Holland seems to be that Land or rather those two great Islands of Petan and the lesser