sometimes one way sometimes another Wind at South-west and by South a small gale I hoisted out my Boat and sounded but no ground at 140 Fathoms I tried the Current with my Boat but found little or none worth notice the Sea ripled in many places I sounded on them but no ground at 108 Fathom several Beds of Sea-weed driving to and fro in knots these Weeds are five or six Fathom long in strings with broad leaves on them of a brown colour at the root hangs a Clod or Rock of 2 or 3 pound weight several Sea-Fowls flying and swimming near the Ship being quite clam my Men kill'd some of them with their Birding-pieces for they were very tame not moving at the report of of a Gun they are very like to Sea-Gulls and good meet some Seals and Whales seen February 5. were seen several beds of Rock-weed and Sea-Fowls much like Gannets some black others white pied and grey small Seal-fishes like so many Dogs for their Heads resemble Bull-dogs which they 'l keep above Water a long time and look at the Ship they are very nimble at diving and skipping out of the Water This Afternoon at seven a Clock I was in the Latitude of 41 degrees South and Longitude West from the Lizard of England 52 deg and 50 min. and in Meridian distance from the Lizard 895 Leagues Meridian distance from Port Praya 616 Leagues Longitude from Port Praya West 36 d. 34 m. This Night I advised with Don Carolus where it would be best for us to hale in with the Land in what Latitude or at what Cape or Harbour on this Coast of America being now to the South-ward of the River of Plate and according to my Instructions before the Coast to be discover'd and a Trade set on foot with the Natives He told me I might do what I would for he did not understand the Coast nor where 't was inhabited 't was his whole Discourse in the Voyage that he had been here in a Galley and knew all the Coasts from the River of Plate to the Streights and thorow the Streights all along the West Coast to Baldavia and Lima being arrived here as far as I can perceive by him he knows nothing of the matter nor any thing appertaining to Navigation all I can fancy of him is that he may have liv'd with a West Indian Governour whom he has heard talk of these Parts February 8. at 7 a Clock this Afternoon the Wind came to the West South-west a stiff gale I stood to the Southward much Rock-weed pass'd by the Ship to day and several Sea-Fowls seen very cold for the Season being Summer which Don Carolus began to complain of and told me he did not think we should have come so far Southerly I shew'd him by my Plates how far we were to go through the Streights and along the West Coast he said the Spaniards went to Chile a nearer way I answer'd 't was into the River of Plate and over Land which we could not do My Company are all in good health but some of a puny Race grow weak in being so long on Shipboard I give them Vinegar once a Week which is very good to prevent the Scurvy in their Mouths also I order'd every Man to wash his Mouth Face and Hands before the receive his daily Allowance of Bread and appointed one Man to see it performed if any neglected it the Steward kept their Allowance for one day likewise every Man is commanded to keep himself clean and free from Lice upon forfeiture of his daily Allowance to the Party accusing him by these means the Ship is kept neat sweet and clean tho' the dirty foggy Weather is a great Enemy to this Discipline February 19. I sounded often to day and had fifty and fifty three Fathom dark black Sand wth some bright fine Sand in it Beds of Rock-weed Seals and Porpoises such as are in the European Seas seen to day three Whales many Fowls flying about and some Penguins in the Sea swimming near the Ships at 2 a Clock in the Afternoon the Wind was at E. b. S. a stout gale and a great Sea I stood to the Southward close haled under my Courses the Pink half a Mile to Wind-ward of me udner her's she out-sails us now it blows and puts us past our Top-fails and steers along with us with only her Main-sail set the Sea runs lofty Monday February 21. At a quarter of an hour past eight this Morning I saw the Land bearing West of me and distant about 4 Leagues I sounded and had 21 Fathom small Stones and Sand still I stood in West by my Compass The Land makes but an ordinary heighth towards the Sea side but farther up round high Hills and looks reddish the Northermost Land I could see which was Cape Blanco bore North-north-west of me about two Leagues and the Southermost Land at the face of the Cape The Land trented away to te Southward of me Southwesterly of an ordinary height by the Water side but up in the Land are Hills like Tables on the top a little higher than the rest the Land makes in Hills and Valleys all along like Downs of an ordinary heighth at nine a Clock this Morning I braced the Head-sails to the Mast and lay so half an hour till the Fog cleared up that I might make the Land plainly being within five miles of the shore side which made a kind of Bay breached on the shore I sounded and at 17 Fathom had rough ground with some small stones drawn up in the Tallow of the Lead which was dinted by Rocks between nine and ten a Clock there was a fine clear by which I saw the Land very plainly it look'd reddish like seared Grass no Woods to be seen on any of the Hills or Valleys but all as bare as the Grass-Downs in England I durst not send my Boat a-shore for fear of losing her in the Fog or being sunk at the shore whereon the Sea breaks very much the Wind was at North and by East a fresh gale blew almost along the shore and being out but 24 hours before made the Sea run high the Land lies by the Sea-side South-south-west and North-north-east as far as I could see to the Southward no fire or smoak to be see upon the Land Course made true after several Courses from yesterday Noon till to day at nine a Clock when I was 3 Leagues off the Land true Course is West 6 d. 50 m. Northerly distance sailed fifty miles seven tenths Departure West 50 miles difference of Longitude West 1 d. 15 m. difference of Latitude North 0d 6 m. Latitude by account is 47 d. 14 m. South no Observation this three days being foggy Weather Meridian distance from the Lizard West 1014 League 1 mile 7 tenths Longitude at 9 a Clock from the Lizard West 61 d. 56 m. 6 tenths Longitude from Port Praya West 44 deg 38 m. 5 tenths Meridian distance from Port Praya West
Valley in a gully of Rocks it bears North-north-west from the lower Rock that we called Peckets Well is a mile up the River within a Bow-shot of the salt Water 't is in a gully the Land in these Valleys has very green and sweet Grass and abundance of wild Pease small Nut-galls growing on the Bushes but in no great quantity and but few Bushes Salt may be made here for on the Shore-side and on the Rocks I gathered several handfuls of good Salt March 25. Gentlemen You are by me desired to take notice that this Day I take possession of this Harbour and River of Port Desier and of all the Land in this Country on both Shores for the use of his Majesty King Charles the Second of Great Britain and his Heirs God save our King and fired three Ordnance Saturday March 26. Wind at West a stout Gale I stood to the Northward this Morning at six a Clock when the Sun appeared above the East Horizon the Moon set in the West-horizon being eclipsed at London at Elevan a Clock ten minutes in the Forenoon but here at six a Clock thirty minutes past which gives four hours forty minutes difference of time between the Meridian of London and the Meridian of Cape Blanco which Cape lies in the Latitude of 47 d. 20 m. South on the South-east Coast of America where I saw this Eclipse 70 degrees in Longitude to the Westward of the Meridian of London by this Observation I could not see the whole Eclipse the Heavens being clouded I find Cape Blanco by my account of Sailing to lie in the Longitude of 69 d. 16 m. to the Westward of the Meridian of London If the Moon had not been clouded I might have been exact in the Longitude but I presume my Account is not much out Cape Blanco lies in the Latitude of 47 d. 20 m. South and in Longitude from the Lizard West 61 d. 56 m. and in Meridian distance from the Lizard West 1014 Leagues 1 Mile 6 1â— Port Desier in America lies in the Latitude of 47 d. 48 m. South and in Longitude from the Lizard West 61 d. 57 m. Meridian distance from the Lizard West 1015. Leagues 2 Miles 6 10 Penguin Island or the plentiful Isles Latitude 47 d. 55 m. South and in Longitude from the Lizard West 61 d. 57 m. Meridian distance from the Lizard West 1014. Leagues 2 Miles Variation of the Compass here is Easterly 17 d. 30 m. April 1. The Sweepstakes off of Seal's Bay in the Latitude of 48 d. 10 m. South on the Coast of Patagonia Saturday April 2. Fair Weather this Morning Wind at North-north-west a fine gale I filled at Day-light and steered away South-south-west and South and by West by my Compass as the Coast lies I sailed along in twenty Fathom-water black Sand distant from the shore near three Leagues this forenoon at nine a Clock I saw a small flat Island to the Westward of me about a League off the Land it lies in the Latitude of 48 d. 40 m. South the Land against it is high in large Hills and some round copling tops two Leagues more to the Southward the Land is low in a great Plain and a Beach by the Sea-side but the shore against this Island is rocky I was two Leagues East from the flat Island and had twenty three fathom black Sand I haled close in for the shore and sail'd within five Miles of it all along from this Island to Port St. Julian I sounded as I sail'd along and had 18 or 20 fathom fine black Sand the Land is low in a Valley the Sea-shore is a Beach here and there a Rock it is in a long Beach for four Leagues after you are to the Southward of the Flat-Island one League the shore lies South-fourth-west and North-north-east at the South-end of this Beach in-land are high round Hills but at the Sea-side is a steep white Cliff of an indifferent heighth with a black streak in it over the Cliff the Hill rounds up to the top having some small black Bushes growing on the side no Wood or Tree seen In this Bay is Port St. Julian the Harbour's mouth is in the middle of the Bay but you cannot see it without for one Point shutting in the other you must send your Boat in to discover the Harbour at Low-water and the Bar without for 't is a barred Harbour the Land in the Country over Port St. Julian on the West-side is high copling round Hills like blunt Sugar-loaves on the top â—is the highest Land I saw in all the Country and there are no such Hills besides on the Coast the Land is plain to the South without any Hill as far as we could see at this time this Afternoon it proved a Calm I anchored in the Bay before St. Julian in twelve fathom Water black oary Land the Harbour's mouth bearing West-south-west of me about two Leagues off I sent in my Boat to discover the Harbour and see if the Pink was there which returned to Night at six a Clock my Lieutenant told me there was a safe Harbour and Water enough for a bigger Ship but no Pink nor any sign of her having been there now I despaired of ever seeing her more after my hopes were frustrated here nevertheless I doubted not the success of my Voyage though the Company thought 't would be dangerous being a lone Ship a stormy Sea to sail in and unknown Coasts to search out and if we should happen to run aground any where could expect no relief these suspicions I soon put out of their Heads by telling them of the great Riches of the Land and that Captain Drake went round the World in one Ship when in those days there were but ordinary Navigators and was it for us to question our good fortune who beyond Comparison are better Seamen if we would put our selves in Action and for me I would expose no Man to more danger than my self in the Attempt Calm to Night I rode fast a small Tide running where I rode the Water ebb'd near three fathom perpendicular it is near nine Leagues from the Flat Island to Saint Julian South-south-west and North-north-east as the shore lies The Mouth of Port Saint Julian in Latitude 49 d. 10 m. South and in Longitude from the Lizard 63 d. 10 m. and in Meridian distance from the Lizard West 1030 Leagues by an Amplitude here the Compass has varied 16 d. 10 m. East Wednesday April 13. Fair Weather Wind at West a small gale Frosty and cold Air no sign of the Pink I went ashore and haled the Seyne on the East-side at the first of the Flood we caught five hundred Fishes as big as large Mullets and much like them grey and full of Scales some as big as a Man's Leg we caught them all in four hours time returned aboard and divided them among the whole Ship 's Company they eat admirably well many good Muscles lie on the Rocks
Flawes Commander being bound upon the Discovery with us At Eight at Night the Naz◠Land boar West North about six Leagues we steered away North-east and North-north-east Monday May 29. The Wind at South-west and West-south-west a fresh Gale with Showers of Rain Course per Compass between the North-east and the North distance sailed by the Log 73 Miles true Course Protracted since last Night Eight a Clock to this Day Noon is North 28 d. East difference of Lat. 68 Miles and departure East from the Naze Land 36 Miles Lat. by Judgment as in the Margent Thick cloudy Weather Tuesday May 30. From yesterday Noon to this Day Noon the Wind variable from South-west to the South-east thick cloudy Weather and a fresh Gale Course per Compass North-north-west and North-west by North distance sailed by the Log 95 Miles true Course is North 28 d. West distance of Lat. 83 Miles departure West 45 Miles Lat. per Judgment Meridian distance West nine Miles Wednesday May 31. From yesterday Noon to this Day Noon the Winds variable with Calms and Rains Courses per Traverse true Course Protracted with all impediments allowed is North 43 d. West 60 Miles difference of Lat. 42. Miles departure West 40 Miles Lat. per Judgment 54 d. 13 m. Lat. by a good Observation at Noon 55 d. 30 m. at which time the Land between New-Castle and Berwick bore West about 8 or 9 Leagues Meridian distance Current from the bearing of the Land and the Lat. is 88 Miles 50 Fathom Water saw two Ships standing to the Southward but would not show their Colours Thursday June 1. From yesterday Noon to this Day Noon a fresh Gale from the West by South to the South-west Course per Compass between the North and the North-west distance sailed by the Log 76 Miles true Course Protracted is North 16 d. West Lat. by a good Observation 56 d. 41 m. departure West 21 Miles At nine in the Morning we gave Chase to a Scotch Fisherman and at Noon came up with her and bought some Fish of him at Noon a hard Gale steered away North being about seven or eight Leagues from the Land between Montross and Edenburgh we steered along the Course North by East till eight a Clock Friday June 2. From yesterday Noon to this Day Noon the Winds variable with fair Weather Course per Compass North distance sailed by the Log 117 Miles but by a good Observation 120 Miles Lat. 58 d. 41 m. Winds from the West-south-west to the South-west At two a Clock a great gust of Wind at North-west with Rain we hand our Top-sails and at three it blew a Storm of Wind we lay a Try under a Main-sail till ten a Clock then sent our Fore-sail Saturday June 3. From yesterday Noon to this day Noon true Course Protracted Leeward way and all impediments allowed is North East 42 Miles Lat. by a good Observation is 59 d. 23 m. Meridian distance from the Naze Land is 100 Miles at Noon saw a small Island called Foril lying to the South of Shetland bearing West-north-west about four Leagues in the Afternoon little Wind. Note that we found the Ship more to the Westward than expected being caused by a variation of 6 or 7 d. East Sunday June 4. This Forenoon little Wind with Calms till about 12 at Noon at which time sprung up a Gale West-north-west blowing very hard we ply to windward and turned into Brace-Sound and anchored in nine Fathom Water right against the Town called Lerwick here is the remains of a Fort that was built in the time of War with Holland but upon the Peace with the Hollanders it was demolished for fear any other Nation might come and take it and so keep it Saturday June 10. Rid still till Saturday seven a Clock at which time Weighed the Wind at South-west we took in a Pilot and sailed out through the North end of Brace Sound having three Fathom Water over the shallowest place Sunday June 11. At four in the Morning Scau bore West by North about six Leagues a fresh Gale at South-west hasey Weather From four in the Morning till twelve at Night Course North-north-east distance sailed by the Log 35 Miles true Course allowed from the bearing of the Land is North-east 41 Miles difference of Lat. 30 Miles Lat. by Judgment 61 d. 26 m. Meridian distance from Shetland 30 Miles East From yesterday Noon to this Day Noon a strong Gale at South-west West-south-west West and West-north-west Course per Compass North-north-east distance sailed by the Log 147 Miles difference of Lat. 135 Miles departure East 56 Miles Lat. by Judgment 63 d. 42 m. Meridian distance East 86 Miles thick cloudy Weather at Noon little Wind. Tuesday June 13. From yesterday Noon to this Day little Wind and variable with Calms from the North-west to North-north-east we ply to windward True Course Protracted all impediments allowed is North-north-east 23 Miles difference of Lat. 21 Miles North departure East 8 Miles Lat. by Judgment 64 d. 03 m. Meridian distance 94 Miles Lat. by a good Observation 64 d. 03 m. Wednesday June 14. From the 13. Noon to this Day Noon the Winds variable with fresh Gales Rains and little Winds Course per Traverse between the North-east and the North distance sailed by the Log 92 Miles true Course Protracted all impediments allowed is North 18 d. difference of Lat. 81 Miles departure East 30 Miles Meridian distance 124 Miles Thursday June 15. From the 14. Noon to this Day Noon the Winds variable with Calms from the West to the South-west Course per Compass North-north-east distance sailed by the Log 67 Miles true Course Protracted with allowance is North 22 ½ d. East difference of Lat. 62 Miles departure East 26 Miles Lat. per Judgment 66 d. 26 m. Meridian distance 150 Miles East At Noon broke our Main Topsail-Yard being rotten in the Slings thick hasey Weather Friday June 16. From the 15. Noon to this Day Noon a fresh Gale at West-north-west and West-south-west with Rains and thick Weather Course per Compass North-north-east and North-east by North distance sailed per Log 126 Miles true Course Protracted is North 30 d. East difference of Lat. 108 Miles departure East 63 Miles Lat per Judgment 68 d. 14 m. Meridian distance 223 Miles Saturday June 17. From the 16. Noon to this Day Noon a fresh Gale at West-north-west and West with Rain and cloudy Weather Course per Compass North-east distance sailed by the Log 127 Miles difference of Lat. 90 Miles departure East 90 Miles Lat per Judgment 69 d. 48 m. Meridian distance 303 Miles but by a good Observation at Noon Lat. 69 d. 53 m. difference of Lat. between the Dead Reckoning and Observation is 9 Miles which imputed to a westerly variation which is found by an Azimuth 7 d. Meridian distance Corrected is 300 Miles fair Weather Sunday June 18. From the 17. Noon to this day Noon the Wind from West-north-west to the
West-south-west fair Weather Course per Compass North-east by East distance sailed by the Log 83 Miles true Course Protracted and variation allowed is East 33 d. North difference of Lat. 47 Miles by Observation departure 66 Miles Lat. by a good Observation 70 d. 30 m. Meridian distance 367 Miles East Yesterday and this Day we saw many Whales Monday June 19. From the 18. Noon to this Day Noon a fresh Gale at West by South thick hasey Weather with Rains at seven a Clock in the Forenoon saw many Sea Fowles more than at any time yet with many Jubartesses at ten a Clock saw the Land being the Islands that lie about 20 Leagues to the Westward of the North Cape true Course allowed for variation is North-north-east distance sailed by the Log 135 Miles difference of Lat. 50 Miles departure East 30 Miles Lat. per Judgment 71 d. 20 m. Meridian distance 497 Miles At Noon the Island Sanden bore South by East about 8 or 9 Leagues off this Island is a high craggy Land with some Snow on the Land Tuesday June 20. From the 19. Noon to this day Noon Course per Compass between the East-north-east and the North-east distance sailed by the Log 128 Miles true Coursed allowed for the variation is North 43 d. East difference of Lat. 91 Miles departure 88 Miles East Lat. per Judgment 72 d. 51 m. Meridian distance 585 Miles From yesterday Noon to this day Noon the first 12 Hours a fresh Gale at South-west but the last 12 Hours much Wind with small Rains and great Fogs saw many Sea Fowles Wednesday June 21. From the 20. to the 21. Noon a stiff Gale with Gusts and small Rains Course per Compass North-east distance sailed by Log 35 Miles true Course allowed by variation is North 40 d. East difference of Lat. 103 Miles departure East 86 Miles Lat. per Judgment 74 d. 34 m. Meridian distance 671 Miles thick cloudy Weather saw many Sea Fowles Thursday June 22. From the 21. Noon to this 22. Noon Course per Compass North-east distance sailed per Log 116 Miles true Course allowed by variation and Leeward way is North 43 d. East difference of Lat. 85 Miles departure East 79 Miles Lat. per Judgment 75 d. 59 m. Meridian distance 750 Miles East the Wind at North-west a fresh Gale Weather variable sometime cloudy and sometimes fair but very cold At Noon we saw Ice right a Head about a League off we sailed close to it and found it to lie away East-south-east and West-north-west we bore away East-south-east along the Ice in the Afternoon we had some small Snow and very cold Weather Friday June 23. From yesterday Noon to this Day Noon we steered along the Ice finding it to have many openings which we sailed into but found them to be Bays our true Course sailed along the Ice the variation allowed was East 14 d. South 77 m. Lat. per Judgment 75 d. 41 m. difference of Lat. 19 m. departure 74 Miles Meridian distance 824 Miles Wind N. N. W. At Noon we sounded and had 158 Fathom soft green Oar and found the Current to set South-south-east we have found very smooth to Leeward of this Ice and in some places found pieces of the Ice driving off a Mile sometimes more or less from the main body of the Ice finding it to be in several strange shapes resembling Trees Beasts Fishes Fowles c. The main Body of the Ice being low but very Craggy being many pieces lying close together and some a top of each other and in some places we saw high hillocks of blue colour but all the rest of the Ice very white as though it were Snow In some places we saw drift Wood amongst the Ice we took up some of the Ice and melted it and the Water very fresh and good this Day we found very cold and freezing Saturday June 24. From the 23. Noon to this Day Noon little Wind at North by West we steered close along the Ice sailing into every opening but could not find any Passage through neither could we see over the Ice in any place from our Topmast-Head true Course Protracted as we sailed along the Ice is East 34 d. South difference of Lat. 24 Miles South departure East 34 Miles Lat. per Judgment 75 d. 18 m. but by a good Observation at Noon the Lat. 74 d. 50 m. the difference between the Dead Lat. and the observed Lat. is 28 Miles which difference hath been caused by the Current setting South-south-east At Noon we sounded and had 128 Fathom Water and the Current as yesterday South-south-east this last 24 Hours fair Weather with little Winds having some small Fogs but lasted not above half an Hour at a time Meridian distance 858 Miles Sunday June 25. From the 24. Noon to this Day Noon little Wind with Calms and the most part foggy so that we durst not venture in the Ice but lay by and stood off true Course Protracted is East 30 d. South difference of Lat. 13 Miles South departure East 19 Miles Lat. per Judgment 74 d. 37 m. Meridian distance 877 Miles East Wind variable from the North-west to the West-south-west At One in the Afternoon the Fog broke up hard freezing Weather our Rigging and Sails frozen for as fast as the Fog fell it freezed Monday June 26. From the 25. Noon to this Day Noon little Wind from the North-west to North Course per Compass between the West-south-west and the North-east distance sailed by the Log 63 Miles difference of Lat. 7 Miles North departure East 58 Miles true Course Protracted is East 7 d. North Lat. per Judgment is 74 d. 40 m. Meridian distance 935 Miles At Noon we stood is close with the Ice and saw something to move we judging it might be Sea-Horses or Morses lying on the Ice we sent our Boat to see and they found two Sea-Horses upon the Ice they fired several shot at them but could not kill them notwithstanding that they were much wounded they got into the Water and so went under the Ice We have found the Ice to lie away East these 24 Hours the Wind at North and very cold and at 12 at Night 70 Fathom green Oar at 9 in the Evening saw Land the North part of it bearing East and the South part South-east being high and covered with Snow about 15 Leagues off Sounded and had 125 Fathom Tuesday June 27. From Monday the 26. to Tuesday 27. little Wind from the North-west to the North by East with Calms we kept close with the Ice and found it joyn to the Land of Nova Zembla true Course Protracted is East by North 30 Miles difference of Lat. 16 Miles departure East 29 Miles Lat. per Judgment 74 d. 46 m. Meridian distance 964 Miles at Noon 83 Fathom Water about 6 Leagues from the Shore we rowed in towards the Shore and found the Ice to lic about 5 Leagues from the Shore we went out of our Boat on
great Fogs from the South-south-east to the West-north-west Course per Compass between the South-west and the West distance sailed by the Log 91 Miles true Course Protracted is South-west by South 87 Miles difference of Lat. 76 Miles departure 43 Miles Lat. per Judgment 73 d. 08 m. Meridian distance 625 Miles At Noon no ground with 160 Fathom Lines Monday July 24. From the 23. Noon to this Day Noon little Winds and variable with Calms true Course allowed is South-south-west ¾ West 22 Miles distance of Lat. 18 Miles departure 11 Miles Lat per Judgment 72 d. 50 m. Meridian distance 636 Miles Tuesday July 25. From the 24. Noon to this Day Noon the Wind variable with fresh Gales from North by West to the East with Fogs Course between the West-south-west and South-west distance sailed by the Log 88 Miles true Course allowed for 9 d. variation is South-west ½ Westerly distance of Lat. 54 Miles departure 69 Miles Lat. per Judgment 71 d. 56 m. Meridian distance 705 Miles Wednesday July 26. From the 25. Noon to this day Noon the Wind variable from the East by North to the South with thick Fogs Distance sailed by the Log 73 Miles Course per Compass between the South-west by West and West-north-west true Course Protracted is West ½ South distance of Lat. 7 Miles departure 67 Miles Thursday July 27. From the 26. Noon to this Day Noon the Winds from the South to the South-west with great Fogs Distance sailed by the Log 68 Miles true Course allowed West ½ South difference of Lat. 7 Miles departure 62 Miles West Friday July 28. From the 27. Noon to this Day Noon the Wind from the South-south-west to the South-east Course per Compass between the West by North and the South-west close upon a Wind distance sailed by the Log 85 Miles true Course Protracted is South-west by West ¼ 80 Miles distance of Latitude 46 Miles South departure 64 Miles West thick Fogs with small Rain Saturday July 29. From the 28. Noon to this Day Noon much Wind from the South to the South-west we tryed under a Main-sail three Watches true Course allowed is West 15 Miles Sunday July 30. From the 29. Noon to this Day Noon the Wind variable from South-east to the South and so to the North-west with sudden gusts with much Rain then little Wind at 8 this Morning much Wind at North-west true Course Protracted all impediments allowed is South-south-west 66 Miles distance of Lat. 60 Miles departure 25 Miles Monday July 31. From the 30. Noon to this Day Noon much Wind at North-west with Rain Course per Compass South-west by South and South-west distance sailed by the Log 104 Miles true Course allowed for Leeward-way and variation South by West ½ West difference of Lat. 103 Miles departure 11 Miles Lat. per Dead Reckoning 68 d. 13 m. but by Observation 68 d. 00â—â—m departure accordingly Corrected 15 Miles Meridian distance 953 Miles Tuesday August 1. From the 31. Noon to this Day Noon the Wind variable from the North-west to the South-west by West distance sailed by the Log 80 Miles we ply to Windward true Course Protracted variation and Leeward-way allowed distance West-south-west difference of Lat. 72 Miles departure 51 Miles thick cloudy Weather with some small Rains and Fogs Wednesday August 2. From the 1. Noon to this Day Noon from the South by West to the South-west thick Fogs Course per Compass between the West by South and the West-north-west distance sailed by the Log 51 Miles true Course allowed is West by North difference of Lat. 12 Miles departure 49 Miles Lat. per Judgment 67 d. 50 m. but by a good Observation Lat. 67 d. 55 m. at Noon clear Weather Thursday August 3. From the 2. Noon to this Day Noon the Wind from the West to the South-south-west with Fogs and Rains Course per Traverse we ply to Windward true Course Protracted is South-south-west distance of Lat. 21 Miles departure 10 Miles at Night much Wind at South we lay under a Main-sail Friday August 4. From 8 at Night to this Day Noon a Storm of Wind at South and S. S. W. True Course Drist and all impediments allowed is North-west by North ¼ West difference of Lat. 18 Miles depareture 16 Miles at Noon less Wind we set our Fore-sail Saturday August 5. From the 4. Noon to this Day Noon the Wind from the West by South to the North-west a very cold Strom true Course allowed is South by East difference of Lat. 75 Miles departure 15 Miles in the Afternoon little Wind. Sunday August 6. From the 5. Noon to this Day Noon fresh Gales and little Wind from the West-north-west to the West-south-west True Course allowed South ¼ East distance of Lat. 67 Miles departure 8 Miles Monday August 7. From the 6. Noon to this Day Noon the Wind at South and South-west sometimes much Wind and then Calm again True Course allowed per Judgment is West-north-west ¼ North 53 Miles difference of Lat. 22 Miles departure West 47 Miles at Noon the Wind came about to the West-north-west much Wind and at 8 it blew a Strom at Northwest Tuesday August 8. From yesterday 8 at Night to this Day Noon a Strom of Wind at North-west we run away with our Fore-sail Reeft Course per Compass South-south-west distance sailed by the Log 116 Miles true Course allowed is South distance of Lat. 107. Miles departure West 5 Miles Wednesday August 9. At 3 in the Morning a fresh Gale saw many Willocks and other Sea-Fowls and at 5 we saw the Land East-south-east from us being high Land and making like Islands being the Isles of Fero. At Noon Lat. by a good Observation 61 d. 45 m. at which time the Westermost Island bore East about 8 Leagues off Distance sailed from yesterday Noon to this Day Noon 120 Miles true Course allowed South by West ¼ Westerly distance of Lat. 116 Miles departure 26 Miles Lat. per Judgment 62 d. 04 m. distance between the Dead Lat. and the observed Lat. 20 Miles so that the Ship is 20 Miles more Southerly and consequently more Westerly Meridian distance 1129 Miles but by Correction 1136 Miles we saw a small Vessel and gave chase to her but she made from us Thursday August 10. From the 9. Noon to this Day Noon a fresh Gale at North-west Course between the South and East-south-east to get clear of the Islands in the Night distance sailed by the Log 102 Miles true Course Protracted is South-east by East ¼ South distance of Lat. 58 Miles departure 76 Miles spoke with the Ship we saw yesterday being a Lyn Man come from the Island Friday August 11. From the 10. Noon to this Day Noon the Wind at North-north-west Course per Compass South-east by east distance sailed by the Log 83 Miles at Noon the Island Foule bore North-east by East about 3 Leagues off the Wind came about at South Saturday August 12. From the 11. Noon to this
weather and warm Sun-shine all night Hard by us rode a Hollander and the Ships crew busie in cutting the fat of a Whale when the fish burst with so great a bounce as if a Canon had been discharged and bespattered the Workmen all over On the 8th the wind turned North-west with snow and rain We were forced to leave one of our Anchors and thank'd God for getting off from Land for the Ice came on fiercely upon us at night the wind was laid and it was colder although the Sun shined On the 9th we got another male Whale being the eighth which was yellow underneath the head we filled with him 54 Kardels with fat the Sun shined all night On the 12th we had gloomy Sun-shine all day At night we sailed with three Boats into the Ice before the Weigatt and got three white Bears an old one with two young ones they swam in the water like fish On the Ice lay abundance of Sea-horses and the further we came into the Ice there were the more of them we rowed up to them and when we came near to them we killed ten of them the rest came all about our Boat and beat holes through the sides of the Boat so that we took in abundance of water we were forced at length to row away from them because of their great number for they gathered themselves more and more together they pursued us as long as we could see them very furiously Afterwards we met with another very great one who lay in the water fast asleep but when he felt our Harpoon within him he was very much frightned and ran away before the Boat again where he was soon eased of his fright by our Lances We saw but very few Whales more and those we did see were quite wild that we could not come near them That night it was so dark and foggy that we could hardly see the Ships length we might have got Sea-horses enough but we were afraid of loosing our Ships for we had examples enough of them that had lost their Ships and could not come to them again but have been forced to return home in other Ships When after this manner any have lost their Ships and cannot be seen they discharge a Cannon from the Ship or sound the Trumpets or Haut-boys according as they are provided in their Ships that the men that are lost may find their Ship again On the 13th we had cloudy Sun-shine the wind towards night turned to North-east and by east The Ice came a floating down apace we sailed from the South-east Land to the west and we could but just get through by the North side from the Bear-Harbour or Bay We sailed on to the Rehenfelt or Deer-field where the Ice was already fixed to the Land so that we could but just get through we sailed further to the Vogelsanck Birds-song as you may see by b in the Plate D. Then we turned toward the East with a North-east wind in company with twelve Ships more to see whether there were any more Whales left with George and Cornelius Mangelsen and Michael Appel who sailed in four fathoms water and touched upon the wreck of a Ship that was lost there On the 14th in the morning we sailed still amongst the Ice the wind being North-east and by east we had a fogg all that day with Sun-shine with a Rainbow of two colours white and pale yellow and it was very cold and we saw the Sun a great deal lower On the 15th it was windy cold and foggy the whole day the wind turned North-west and the Ice came on in abundance so that we could hardly sail for it was every where full of small sheets of Ice At this time there were many ships beset with Ice in the Deer or Muscle-Bay We sailed all along near the shoar and at night we entred the South-Harbour marked with c in the Cut D where 28 Ships lay at Anchor 8 whereof were Hamburgers the rest Dutchmen From that time when we sailed out of the South-haven we kept always within sight of the Land and saw it always except it was foggy and so long the Skippers stay by the Ice to see whether there is any more Whales to be had That night we fetched water from the Land near the Cookery of Harlingen out of a hole marked by b in the Plate C. On the 16th in the morning we saw the Moon and afterwards it was windy with abundance of snow On the 18th we had fair weather with Sun-shine and we were also becalmed that we could not sail wherefore we towed with a Boat into the Danish Harbour to gather some Herbs from the Rocks In the South-Haven rode 30 Ships at Anchor On the 19th we had warm Sun-shine and fair weather but in the night stormy and rain On the 20th storms rain and a great deal of snow the wind South-west On the 21th rain all day long CHAP. II. Of our home Voyage from Spitzbergen to the Elbe ON the 22th day of July in the morning when the Sun was North-east we waied our Anchors and sailed out of the South-Haven we had a fogg all day long and Sun-shine at night in the night we saw abundance of Fin-fishes On the 24th it was so warm with Sun-shine that the Tarr wherewith the Ship was daubed over melted we drove it being calm before the Haven or Bay of Magdalen On the 25th it was cloudy and Sun-shine but cold withal at night we came to the Forelands the night was foggy the wind South-west On the 26th we had the very same weather all day the Sun was very low in the night On the 28th we turned from the side of the North-Foreland towards the west when the Sun was South-east and we did sail South-west and by west towards the Sea then we changed our Course southwards and stood South-east On the 29th 30th and 31th we sailed South-east and by south all along by the Land the south side of the Foreland was 8 Leagues from us bearing North-east then we sailed South-west and by south it was very cold with a North-west wind We saw daily abundance of Fin-fishes but no more Whales On the 9th of August it was windy all day with a gloomy Sun-shine in the forenoon it cleared up towards noon the wind was South-east when we took the Meridian heighth of the Sun and were at 66 degrees 47 minutes we sailed South-westward all along the Northern shoar of the Country On the 13th being Sunday in the morning the wind was North-west stormy with rain and west winds In the night we had very clear Moon and Star-light In the morning we saw the northern part of Hitland we sailed southward after the rain we saw Fair-Isle and sailed in betwixt Hitland and Fair-Isle first South-west and afterwards South-west and by south and then southward On the 20th it was fair weather warm Sun-shine and somewhat windy When the day began to appear we saw Hilgeland South-eastward of us
Of the Whales about Spitzbergen and how they differ from other Whales with an exact description of all the parts of a Whale and a what uses they are applied from p. 130 to p. 144 Of the sever ways of catching Whales from p. 145 to p. 156 How they mannage the dead Whales several ways of Trying out of the Train-Oil from the Fat from p. 197 to p. 164 Of the Finn-fish being the length of a Whale but much less in bulk p. 16â— Of Rotz fishes and Sea-qualms Of the Sea May-fly Of the Snail Slime-fish Of the Hat Slime-fish Of the Rose like shaped Slime-fish Of the Slime fish like a Cap. Of the Slime fish like a Fountain from p. 165 to p. 175. Contents of the Supplement A Description of Cherry and other Islands from p. 179 to p. 184 John mayens Island p. 185 Groenland or Engroenland p. 187 The Discovery of Freezland or Friseland p. 206 To the Hon. ble Sam Pepys Esq r. This Mapp of the STREIGHTS of MAGELLAN Drawn by S r Io. n Narbrough is humbly Dedicated by Sam Smith and Benj Wallford A JOURNAL KEPT BY Captain John Narbrough c. MAY 15. 1669. This day being Saturday I received from the Honourable Mr. Wren Secretary to his Royal Highness the Duke of York my Commission to Command his Majesty's Ship the Sweepstakes the Ship being at Deptford in the River of Thames near London Sunday September 26. 1669. Set out at his Majesty's proper Cost one of his own Ships named the Sweepstakes Burthen 300 Tuns with 36 great Ordnance and all other Munition proportionable manned with 80 Men and Boys victualled for fourteen Months at whole allowance of all Provisions both good and wholesom having Oat-meal for Fish and four Tuns and an half of Brandy in lieu of Beer stores of all sorts compleat for twelve months with provision of Craft to take Fish and Fowls a seyne Net and hooks and lines and fisgigs and harping Irons twelve Fowling-pieces with shot and pigs of Lead to make Shot if occasion c. And the Batchelour Pink burthen 70 Tuns with four great Ordnance and all other Munition proportionable mann'd with nineteen Men one Boy victualled for twelve months at whole allowance of all Provision good and wholesom as the Sweepstakes had and stores proportionable for the time and Craft to take Fish and Fowl c. Having a sort of Goods to the value of three hundred pounds as followeth Knives Sissers Glasses Beads Hatchets Bills Hoes Nails Needles Pins Pipes Bells Boxes c. Dassels Linnen Cloth Osenbrigs Tobacco and Pipes c. to trade with the Natives at his Majesty's Charge Wednesday September 29. Hazy weather the Wind to the North-west and by West a fresh gale I stood to the South-west-ward as near as I could this day at twelve a Clock the Lizard bore North of me a little Easterly distance about 12 Leagues according to my account Latitude by account is 49 d. 35 m. This day I spoke with a French Banker Lizard in England lies in the Lat. of 50 d. 10 m. and in Longitude East from the Meridian of the West part of St. Michael one of the Islands of the Azores 18 d. 30 m. From the Lizard I take my departure and keep my daily account of the difference of my Longitude from that Meridian October the 17. I made the Madera which Island is high Land and irregular in Hills with Wood on the top and down the sides Planted with Vines there is some Sugar made in the Island the Inhabitants Portugueses The City of Fonchiale is the Metropolis and is situated in a Bay on the South part of the Island close to the Sea side walled next the Sea and well fortified with Ordnance fresh water comes running into the Sea in the middle of the Bay in a fair Rivulet from under an Arch in the Wall the shoar-sides are great pebble stones in the Bay and Rocks in the other places the Road is foul ground to the East part of it the Ships ride in shot of Ordnance of the City this City is about an English mile in length and three quarters of a mile in breadth The Desarts are barren rocky Isles of a good heighth and lie at the South-east point of Madera above a mile distant from the shore there is water enough between Madera and the Desarts in the midway and no danger the Desarts trent to the South-east Fonchiale Bay in the Isle of Madera lies in the Latitude of 32 d. 10 m. North and in Longitude West from the Lizard of England 10 d. 1 m. and Meridian distance 143 Leagues Sunday being the 17th fair Weather and little wind at North-west Course by my Compass South-west I make my true Course from Fonchiale Bay till to day at noon South-south-west distance sailed 34 miles six tenths departure West 13 miles Diff. Lat. 00 d. 32 m. Lat. by account 31 d. â—8 m. Meridian distance from the Lizard West 147 leagues 1 mile Longitude from the Lizard West 10 d. 17 m. Difference of Longitude from Fonchiale West 00 d. 16 m. To day at noon I saw the Island of Madera bearing N b. E the body of the Isle distant by estimation 11 leagues it makes in a bluff body at the West end and trents to the East Course by the Compass this afternoon SW little wind to night I shaped my nearest Course for the Island of St. Jago with all the sail I could make the Batchelour Pink in Company I gave order to my Master to make the best of his way to St. Jago Island but not to leave the Company of the Batchelour Saturday October 23. The wind at N. b. E. a gale this day in the forenoon I crossed the Tropick of Cancer all my men in good health I praise the Almighty God for it many of my men that had been with me in the Indies formerly were let blood for I take bleeding in these hot Climates to be a great preserver of health diverting Calentures I experienc'd it in two Voyages before to the Island of St. Helena and in one to the Coast of Guinea where several of my men under that distemper were preserved by bleeding in all these Voyages I was never sick one day nor in two years time in the Mediterranean Sea nor at the Canaries for when I came near the Equinoctial I always breathed a Vein Thursday October 28. the Wind at East-North-East a stiff gale this Morning I saw the Isle of Mayo bearing S. b. W. distant by estimation eight Leagues it makes a high Hill and Craggy to the East part and low land towards the shore-side to the North-west part of the Island it lies from Bâ—navist S. b. W. distant near 18 leagues This day at 11 a Clock I anchored in the Road in seven fathom water sandy Ground about a mile from the shore the Northernmost point of the Road bearing N. N. W. half a point to the West and the Southern point of the Road bearing South-east
from me distant about a mile and an half there are craggy Rocks to the South of the Road on the shore side but to the North a low sandy shore the Road is on the North-west and by West part of the Island in a small sandy Bay there 's the Salt-pond a bow 's shot from the Sea in the low flat Land fresh water is very scarce here I went ashore presently after I had anchored and found a heap of Salt of about 20 Tuns I got aboard again immediately and sent the Long-boat ashore which brought off 2 Tuns and ½ the Suff came in so much that no more could be got off we halled the Seyne here and caught abundance of good Mullets with some Cavalle and silver Fish one of the Islanders a Negro came aboard whom I sent ashore to tell the People that if they brought down some Cattle I would buy some of them I rode here all Night fair Weather the Wind Easterly This side of the Island is dry land without wood here are many Goats and Guinea Hens Friday October 29. fair Weather the wind at NE. a fine gale this Morning I sent my Boat ashore and bought of the Islanders some Goats at ½ a piece of Eight per Head and 8 Cows excellent good meat at 6 pieces of Eight a Cow giving the skins again my men caught a great many Fish with the Seyne which this day we split and laid in pickle four Hours then dried them to keep which they will a long time in any Climate as I have experienced in other Voyages and are very good Victuals at Sea I made what dispatch I could to be gone for St. Jago Island This day in the forenoon a Ship passed by to the Westward on the South side of the Isle and in the afternoon we saw several Ships coming from the Northward which were the Portuguese Fleet bound for Brazil they halled into Port Praya in the Isle of St. Jago to water this night I weighed and stood away at twelve a Clock South-south-west for Port Praya with the Pink in Company I touched at the Isle of May for Salt which I knew would be a great help to get Provisions in the Voyage Saturday October 30. fair wind at North-east and by North a fresh gale This Morning I steered South-west for the South side of St. Jago where is the Road of Port Praya lying near South-west from the Road of the Isle of May and distant nine Leagues This day at 12 a Clock I cast my best Bower-anchor in Port Praya Road in 10 fathom rough Ground the East Point bore East of me and the West Point about West-south-west about half a mile off I could not go into the best of the Road the Portuguese Fleet of about thirty six Sail riding in it the Great Padre Eternel Admiral bound for Brazil is a very great Ship and well built they say she is in Burthen 1700 Tuns she hath Ports for three Tier of Guns flush but now she had but eighty and poorly mann'd with Seamen and so were all the rest six Frigats might have taken most of the Fleet. At my coming in to Anchor the Admiral saluted me with seven Guns I thanked him with as many Captain Francis Wilksheir in the Jerusalem fired five I returned him three so did the Reer-Admiral and I return'd the Complement in the like number several of the Fleet fired three whom I answer'd in conclusion with three for all I rode on the broad side of the Admiral and saluted the Fort with five Guns which return'd three then I sent my Lieutenant ashore to ask leave of the Governour to water which he granted forthwith my Coopers got the Cask ready and this Evening put one boat 's lading aboard Sunday Octobor 31. fair Weather the wind at North-east a fine gale This Morning Don Carolus went ashore to Pryam with much ado I got off a boats lading of Water for the Portuguese boats were filling too and a great many Soldiers at the watering place snatch'd some of our mens Hats off and run away wherefore I would not let my men go any more this day for fear of quarreling This Bay of Port Praya as they call it is no Port but a fine round Bay having high steep Cliffs on the East side and in the bottom a steep Hill where the Castle is that hath but four Guns and is of no force there is a small Fort on the top of a Hill on the East side which hath three Guns On the North-west part of the Bay the shore is gravelly and sandy and there 's a Grove of Coco-nut trees A fresh water Rivulet runs down into the Valley and thence through the Sand soaks into the Sea this Water is in great quantity very good and keeps well at Sea to the west part of this Bay lies a small Island close on the shore which has Grass on it that may be cut off for Cattle which I did this Road is no safeguard for Shipping for a Man of War may take any Ship out of the Bay without receiving any damage from the Forts ashore and with Fire-Ships a whole Fleet may be spoiled at pleasure for it 's a fresh gale every day and there 's but two points of Land by which a man may fetch into any part of the Bay also the Bay lies open to the Sea from the East Southerly to the W. S. W. I called for my Lieutenants and Master and acquainted them that I had Orders to sail from thence to the Coast of America to the Southward of the River of Plate to the streights of Magellan through which we were to pass into the South Seas and that we must shape our Course to make the shortest way of it and be careful to keep Easterly enough of it to weather the shoals of Brazil called the Abroholls lying in and about eighteen degrees of Southerly Latitude for the Wind blows for the most part thereabouts between the Latitude of ten South and the Latitude of twenty South at East by South and East South-east fresh gales whilst this pass'd in came the Master and told me all things were stowed and the Wind at E. b. N. fresh I concluded with him that our best Course at present would be South and by East and as we got Southerly and the Wind grew large we might alter our Course when we would we steered a Point or two from the Wind that the Ship might have fresh way through the Sea I ordered my Master to steer South and by East by the Compass and my Lieutenant to call all hands to Prayer read Service and beg'd of God Almighty a prosperous Voyage continuance in Health and love to one another and that we might prosper in this Vndertaking c. Instructions for Mr. Humphrey Fleming Commander of his Majesty's hired Pink the Batchelour By vertue of an Order from His Royal Highness dated the twenty ninth day of August 1669. to me directed YOU are hereby
735 Leagues 1 mile 5 tenths Variation of the Compass Easterly 18 Degrees I concluded we had shot past Port Desier Harbour in the Fog for the Islands and Rocks which we saw were Penguin and other Isles lying about it which lies to the Southward of the Harbour of Port Desier Many Seals Penguins pied Porpoises and several Sea Fowls c. seen to day Thursday Febr. 24. Hasey Weather Wind at West-north-west a fresh gale I sent Men up to the Top-mast-head to look abroad this Morning no sight of the Pink I judge she must be in Port Desier I weighed about 8 a Clock this Morning and stood to the Northward with my Ship I went in my Pinnace along the shore to the Northward whilst the Ship sail'd in the Offing about two Leagues from the shore the Shore-side is in Beaches and scatter'd Rocks in many places the Tide of Flood was with us at the North-end of Seals Bay lies a small rocky Island copling up like a Haycock It is cover'd with grey-colour'd Fowls Dung a very strong Tide runs here between the Island and the Main 't is a little more than a Cables length from the Point of the Main there 's a great many broken Rocks about it by the Sea-side here the main Land is low and sandy up the Country in large Downs and Hills without Wood or fresh Water any where On this Island are abundance of Seals and Sea Fowls we gave it the name of Tomahauke Island from an Indian Club lost here called by the Caribbe-Indians at Surinam a Temahauke 't is all a craggy Rock a little bigger than Seal-Island and is eight Leagues to the North-north-east distant from it to the Northwest of this Island is a deep rounding Bay called in the Charts Spiring's Bay wherein lie three small Islands of an indifferent height the Land in the Country over this Bay is large high Hills Rocks lie in the North part of the Bay I cross'd it in the Pinnace amd sounded as I went over and had 21 Fathom rough ground in the mid-way 't is seven Miles broad and near 3 Leagues deep it rounds with a turning up to the North-northwest ward behind a Point farther than I saw upon which rounding Point stand black Rocks which make like a ragged Building and a Tower in it at my coming in with the Land I sail'd close under this shoar with my Boat the shore is steep black Rocks and low Bays with Pebble-stones and sandy Beaches green Grass on the Hills no Wood nor fresh Water to be seen at the North-east Point of this Spiring's-Bay the Land makes out full like a foreland a fair high Land in large plain Hills with sandy small Bays at the face of this Foreland lie six rocky Islands one is a Musket-shot off the Main the rest farther off the outwardmost is the biggest a Mile from the Point of the Main and is called Penguin-Island it is indifferent high at the ends and low in the middle 't is near three quarters of a Mile long North-north-east and South-south-west and near half a Mile broad East and West it is all craggy Rocks except in the lowest part of the middle which is gravelly and in the Summer time had a little green Grass the great black Gannets lay their Eggs here and the Penguins all over the Island upon and under the Rocks in Holes Seals lie all about the sides on the tops of the highest Rocks and in the middle of it the number of Seals Penguins and Sea-Fowl upon these Islands is alsmost incredible to them that never saw them for the multitude of each Creature that 's there daily is numberless the Six Islands are full of Seals but the Penguins frequent the biggest most I put a-shore at one of them and took into my Boat three hundred Penguins in less than half an hour and could have taken three thousand in the time if my Boat would have carried 'em for 't is but driving 'em in flocks to the shore by the Boats side where two or three Men knock them on the head with short Truncheons and the rest heave them into the Boat the Seals will run over a Man if he does not avoid 'em mean time the Ship was standing to the Northward about 2 Leagues off many broken Rocks and foul ground lie among these Islands and without the Point of the outermost it makes a great ripling which is the strength of the Tide reversed from the Islands aginst the other Tide to the Northward of these Islands is a Bay four Leagues long and a League and half deep in the Northwest thereof lies the Harbour of Port Desier which we could see from Penguin Island 's bearing North-north-west from Penguin Island distant about 3 Leagues about the middle of this Bay are steep white Cliffs near two miles long the upper part of the Cliff has black streaks down a fourth part caused by the Water draining down on it the Land is plain on the top of these Cliffs but further into the Country high rounding Hills and Downs and toward the Water-side low on the South part of the Bay are craggy Rocks on the Main like great Walls near the Sea there 's a sandy Cove to hale a Boat up in foul Weather the Cove is just under these wall-like Rocks Saturday Feb. 26. Fair Weather the Wind at West a stiff gale I kept a Light out all Night that the Pink might see if she came along the first part of the Night a great Fire was made on the shore for the same purpose Cold weather this Morning at 7 a Clock I manned both my Boats and into the Herbour the Ship rode moored at the Harbour-mouth within the Muscle-bank in six Fathom at low Water I sent my Men upon the Hills on the North shore to look abroad for the Pink and make a Fire in the dry Grass that she might see the smoak if she were thereabouts but they could not see her I sounded the Harbour in many places to day at low Water and found it a very good one for great Ships to ride in provided they have good Cables and Anchros I searched the shore but found no Wood and very little fresh Water on the hilly and large Downs very few Bushes but dry long Grass growing in tufts and knots the Soil is gravelly and dry in some Valleys well mixt with black mould no People fire or smoak but our own to be seen I saw several places where they had lain behind Bushes upon Grass which they had plucked up and that they had made small sires and roasted Lumpets and Muscles there lay Wooll Feathers bones of Beasts and shivers of Flints I went to a Flag which I left on a Hill yesterday with Beads at it but finding no body had been at it let it stand no Beasts seen any where except two Hares running over the Hills this day we were taken up with viewing the Harbour so that we did not advance above a mile and
had observed he returned without any hope or probability of a Passage that way but this not discouraging him he resolved a second Adventure to the Northward of Nova Zembla to see what might be Performed that way So in the Year 1607. he set forward and arrived on the Coast of Nova Zembla in the Lat. of 73. where he met with Ice and so coasted the Shore till he came to the Lat. of 76. where he could get no farther and by the Ice was there driven on Shore and his Ship broke in peices by it and he confined to Winter there where they all indured the greatest extremity of Cold that ever Mortals did the Winter being past they with difficulty in two Boats got to Cola in Lapland but before their arrival there William Barrans dyed to the great grief of all his Company The next that Attempted it was that famous Discoverer of our own Nation Mr. Henry Hudson in the Year 1610. but he being disheartned by the Voyage of Barrans attempted but little So the thought of a Passage by the North-East was wholly laid aside till of late within this Year or two some Novile Accidents happening the Opinion of the North-East was received in some and something relating thereunto was printed in the Transactions of the Royal Society Now will I come to the Reasons of that induced me to believe there was a probability of a Passage and then the cause of my undertaking of the said Voyage My first Reason was grounded on the Opinion of William Barrans before spoke of which was that Nova Zembla and Greenland being 200 Leagues distance between one and the other that if he had Steered away North-East from the North Cape which would have brought him in the mid-way betwixt the two Lands that then he might have probably found an open Sea free from Ice and so Consequently a Passage and in that Opinion he remained to his dying day for he did verily believe that the Ice was not to be met off of either Shore more than 20 Leagues and the rest to be free and open and that his being too near the Shore of Nova Zembla was the cause of his meeting so much Ice which was the overthrow of his Voyage and if he had lived he had purposely intended another Voyage and to have sailed the mid-way The second Reason that made me believe a Passage was a Letter sent out of Holland which is Published in the Transactions of the Royal Society which affirmeth the Grand Zar of Moscovia had caused a particular Survey of the Land of Nova Zâ—mbla and that they had found it to be no Island but to joyn to the main Land of Tartaâ—ia and that to the Northward of it was a free and open Sea The third was a Journal Printed in Holland of a Voyage from Batavia to Japan wherein the Ship was cast away upon Corea a Peninsula of China where by the Natives they were made Slaves The Relator having been there 16 years at last escaped to Japan and writ this Journal wherein amongst other Observations he Relates this that in a Bay on the Coast of Corea there doth at several times drive in dead Whales with English and Dutch Harping Irons in them which if true had been a great Argument of a Passage The fourth was a Relation of Mr. Joseph Moxons who being in Holland above 20 years since heard a Dutchman relate as he did believe the real Matter of Fact that he had been under the Pole it self and that it was as warm there as it was at Amsterdam in Summer time The fifth was a Relation of one Captain Goulden who had made above thirty Voyages to Greenland and this he did relate to his Majesty that being at Greenland some twenty Years ago he was in Company with two Hollanders to the Eastward of Edges Island and that the Whales not appearing on the Shore the two Hollanders were resolved to go farther Northerly and to Fish amongst the Ice so they departed from him and went to the Northward and in a Fortnights time returned to him again and gave it out that they had sailed unto the Lat. of 89. that was within one Degree of the Pole and that they did meet with no Ice but a free and open Sea and that there run a very hollow grown Sea like that of the Bay of Bisca Mr. Goulden being not satisfied with the bare Relation they produced him four Journals out of the two Ships which testified the same and that they all agreed within four minutes one of the other The sixth Inducement that made me believe there was a Passage was a Relation from the same Captain Goulden which was that all the drift Wood that they found at Greenland was eaten with a Sea-Worm to the very Heart which if so it must of necessity come out of a Hot Climate for Experience sheweth that the Worm biteth in no Cold Country therefore it could not be supposed that it came from any other Country than Jedzo Japan or some Land thereabout The seventh Argument was another Narration Printed in the Transactions of two Ships of late that had attempted the Passage sailed 300 Leagues to the Eastward of Nova Zembla and had after prosecuted the Voyage had there not a difference arose betwixt the Undertakers and the East-India-Company against whose Interest it was to suffer it to be found out so they being a Body and more powerful than the other suppressed it These seven were the main Arguments though I had many more that Converted me into the Opinion of there being a possibility of a Passage to the Northward of Nova Zembla to China and Japan these being as I supposed or as any Man would have done if he had well considered them to be Matter of Fact and no Fables Besides these Arguments I had some grounded upon Reason and Nature which seemed to be assistant in the Design of the Attempt supposing the aforesaid Arguments to be true and there being no Land nor Ice in the way as and Obstacle to hinder it The first was That being near the North-Pole in the Summer time it might be as warm as under the Artick or Antartick Circle or warmer than with us in the Winter time for under the Pole it self in June the Sun being 23 degrees high and having no Depression towards the Horizon but always swimming about at the same hight might illuminate that part of the Hemisphere with more heat than it doth ours in Winter when he is no more then 15 degrees high when he is at the highest that is on the Meridian and not more than eight Hours above the Horizon or that it might be as hot as any place near either Polar Circle because there the Sun hath a Declination toward the Horizon and so the Atmosphere hath almost as much time to cool as it hath to heat which under the Pole should have no intermission And one Argument to favour this Opinion was the Relation of most Greenland
Day Noon the Wind variable with great gusts and Rain at Noon the Ockney Islands bore West about 4 Leagues the Ockney Isles are low such as we saw at the same time we saw Fair Isle being high Land and about 6 Leagues off we found the Tide of Flood to set in very strong between the Ockney and Fair Isles At 8 at Night came a sudden strong gust and put us under a Main-sail Reeft at which time Catnose bore by Judgment about 8 Leagues off West by South we tryed away South-east the Wind at West-south-west a great Storm Sunday August 13. From last Night 8 a Clock to this Day 4 in the Afternoon a great Storm of Wind from the West by South to the West-north-west we tryed away under a Main-sail Reest making her way good by Judgment South-east 37 Miles Lat. per Judgment 58 d. 16 m. departure from Catnose 47 Miles East saw many Pitterals about the Ship at Night less Wind. Monday August 14. From the 13. Noon to this Day Noon a fresh Gale Course per Compass South Lat. per a good Observation 56 d. 38 m. fair Weather Tuesday August 15. From the 14. Noon to this Day Noon little Wind from the West-north-west Course per Compass South distance sailed by the Log 53 Miles fair Weather at Noon the Wind came at South we stood in for the Land spake with two fishing Busses under English Colours but they were Dutch at 6 at Night we got in with the Land about 2 Leagues to the Northward of Tinmouth Castle we tack'd and stood off the Wind at South Wednesday August 16. The Wind from the South to the South-south-east At Noon Tinmouth Castle South-west about 2 Leagues off we ply to the Southward Thursday August 17. From the 16. Noon to this Day Noon the Wind at West-south-west At Noon much Wind we Reeft our Courses and stand along the Shore to the Southward at 2 a Clock Flambrough Head West about 2 Miles Friday August 18. The Wind at West-south-west At Noon we anchored a League to the Northward of Cromer the Tide being spent Saturday August 19. At 6 in the Morning Weighed with the Tide and turned up Yarmouth Roads anchored right against the Town at 8 at Night Weighed and turned up above the Pier and anchored the Tide being spent the Wind at South-west Sunday August 20. At 8 in the Morning Weighed with the Tide of Flood and turned to Windward at 4 in the Afternoon anchored with the Tide of Ebb in Southwole Bay in 8 Fathom Water the Church bearing North-north-west Winds from the South-south-west to the South-south-east a fresh Gale Monday August 21. At 8 at Night Weighed with the Tide of Flood and turned up into Albrough Road and anchored there at 4 the next Morning Lieutenant Whitlock went ashore at Albrough to take Horse for London At 9 in the Morning Weighed with the Tide of Flood the Wind at West-south-west a fresh Gale and turned up into the Sleeway and anchored there about 5 in the Evening in 9 Fathom Water the Naze Land bearing West by North. Tuesday August 22. At 10 a Clock Weighed the Wind at West-south west and turned to Windward with the Flood At 5 in the Morning anchored upon the Tide of Fbb two Miles below the Middle ground At Noon Weighed with the Flood and turned to Windward the Wind at West by South at 6 anchored below the Shore Wednesday August 23. The Wind at West-north-west at 4 in the Morning Weighed Anchor and turned up a Mile above the Buoy of the Noar and anchored upon the Ebb about 8 a Clock At one a Clock Weighed Anchor the Wind at West-north-west we turned up the River Now after the JOURNAL I do intend to shew my Conceptions of the said Voyage and a true Relation of our Miscarriage with some Observations made in the said Voyage THE first was the following the Opinion of William Barrans that was to steer directly North-east from the North Cape and to fall in the mid-way betwixt Greenland and Nova Zembla so having made the Land to the Westward of the North Cape the 19. Day of June I steered away North-east by Compass which was not so much by the true Course because of the variation that is there Westerly and the 22. Day at Noon we saw the main Body of Ice being in the Lat. of 76 d. and about 60 Leagues to the Eastward of Greenland At the first seeing of Ice I did imagin it had been the Ice that joyned to Greenland and that if I went more Easterly there might be a free Sea so I ran close by the Ice it lying away East-south-east and West-north-west and every League or less that we ran we met with a Cape of Ice so when we were about that we could see no Ice to the Northward so standing in North-east sometimes two Glasses that is one hour we could see more Ice a Head and then we were forced to go out the same way we came in and thus I continued Coasting the Ice sometimes with great hopes of a clear Sea and then again disheartened by seeing more Ice till at last I had no hopes at all which was when I saw the Land of Nova Zembla and the Ice joyn to it So here the Opinion of William Barrans was Confuted and all the rest of the Dutch Relations which certainly are all forged abusive Pamphlets as also the Relations of our own Countrymen But certainly if Men did really consider the many individual dangers and mischiefs that comes upon the broaching of such untruths they would never do it for I do now verily believe that if there be no Land to the Northward of the Lat. of 80 d. that the Sea that is there is all frozen and always continueth so for I that could get no farther than 76 d. found it so frozen without intermission and some of the Ice that we saw that was on the main Body of it had been conveyed 10 Degrees more Southward would have taken some Centuries of Years to Thaw it for the loose Ice that lay about the Edges of the main Body was not more than a Foot thick in some pieces above the Superficies of the Water and the rest of the Cake that was sunk was more than 18 Foot below So I conclude that those vast Mountains that were on the main Body were all on Shore as of necessity they must if they hold the same proportion and considering the shallowness of the Water which I found all along the Ice which in the mid-way between the two Lands I found to be no more than 70 Fathom was doubtless a sign that to the Northward is Land and that the main Body of Ice that lyeth crusted about the Shore may be 20 Leagues or more and that Nova Zembla and Greenland are the same Continent for if there had been any Passage there would have been some Current which I could never or very hardly find to be any and the little that was run
where any Trees grew Here are abundance of Muscles very refreshing Diet and full of Pearl also Limpets and incredible Numbers of Penguins and Seals Anno Dom. 1598. The Fourth Circumnavigation of the Globe was performed by Oliver Noort a Dutchman his chief Pilot being Captain Melis an Englishman who had accompanied Mr. Candish in his Voyage This Noort steer'd much the same Course with Magalianes Drake and Candish having spent near three years in encompassing the Earth He saw upon the Land of Patagonia some Deer a sort of Bufalo and Ostriches We may note here that in the Year 1589 the Delight of Bristol one of the Consorts of John Chidley Esq and Mr. Paul Wheel got into the Streights of Magellan but meeting with Misfortunes was forced back having reach'd only Cape Froward Also in the year 1598. Verhagen ' s Fleet under Sir James Mahu Simon de Cordes Sebald de Wert c. wherein William Adams was chief Pilot suffered great Miseries in these Streights This Sebald de Wert gave Clusius a description of the Winter-bark-Tree growing up and down Patagonia They preserv'd themselves mith Geese Ducks vast large Muscles Penguins Seals c. Returning out of the Streight and sailing Southwards they discovered Sebald's Isles Anno Dom. 1614. George Spilbergen General of a Dutch Fleet of six Ships passed through the Streights of Magellan and the South Sea to the East Indies from whence he returned by the Cape of Good Hope to the Texel having been out about three years This was the Fifth Circumnavigation of the Globe Ann. Don. 1609 1610. Pedro Fernandez Giros a Portuguese and Captain Ferdinand de Quir a Spaniard do both affirm That they sailed at several times above 800 Leagues together on the Coast of a Southern Continent until they came to the height of 15 degrees of South Latitude where they found a very fruitful pleasant and populous Country Giros began to take his Course in the height of the Streights of Magellan This vast Tract of Land perhaps may be one side of or may belong to Jansen Tasmen's Land Van Diemen's Land Zelandia Nova Hollandia Nova Carpentaria and New Guiney which the Dutch afterwards coasted detected and gave Names to many Bays Rivers and Capes in the Years 1619 1622,1627 1628 1642 and 1644. from the Equinoctial to 44 deg South Lat. The Hollanders have indeed made the greatest Discoveries towards the South Terra Incognita which they have not yet divulg'd Dirk Rembrantse about 15 or 16 years ago published in Low Dutch a short Relation out of the Journal of Captain Abel Jensen Tasmen upon his Discoveries of the South Terra Incognita in the year 1642 to the Southward of Nova Hollandia Vandemen's Land c. 'T is remarkable that all the Circumnavigators of the Globe enter'd into the East Indies either by the Philippines or the Molucco's being peradventure hindred from passing round more Southwards by that vast long Chain of Land which seems to stretch almost from the Equinosctial to the 50 degree of South Lat. Therefore they generally steer'd upon the South Sea either for the Isles of Salomon or those called the Ladrones Anno Dom. 1615. Will. Cornelius Schouten of Horn and Jacob le Maire of Amsterdam undertook the Sixth Circumnavigation of the Globe by a new Passage Southwards from the Streights of Magellan in Terra del Fuogo which they happily discovered and passed finding out Sebald's-Isles Staten-Land Maurice-Land Barnevelt-Isles and so by Cape Horn in the 57deg of S. Lat. they found out a new way into the South Sea called ever since Le Maire's Streight in this Voyage they gave Names to several Islands and Countries returning to Holland by the East Indies having been out two years and Eighteen days Aftewards a Spnish Fleet under Bartolemeo Garcias de Nodal Anno 1618. sailed through Le Maire's Passage and in the year 1623. part of Prince Maurice his Fleet steered the same Course discovering some small Isles Nodal saw People near Le Maire's Streight all painted and clad with Birds Skins they fed upon yellow Flowers like Marigolds Anno 1643. Brewer or Brower went another way into the South Sea by a Passage called after his own Name which is east of Le Maire's Streight but whether Brewer went through a New Streight with Land on each side or had a wide Sea on the East we cannot inform you having never seen the Diary of his Voyage but most Maps make it a new Streight the perhaps he might sail near the same Course which Captain Sharp afterwards did they who have his Voyage may soon determine this Doubt The Southern part of Terra Magellanica commonly called Terra del Fuego from the great Fires seen upon it by the Sailors seems by the Observations of the Dutch to be divided into many Isles and Streights leading into both Seas The Country appears mountainous with fair and green Vallies Springs Rivulets and much Herbage The Creeks are fit for Shipping Water and Wood being plentiful The Air is tempestuous from the vast quantity of Vapours from both Oceans The Natives paint their Bodies and deck themselves with Shells and Skins They make their Baskets and Nets of Rushes out of which they twist Lines and hanging Hooks made of Stone and baited with Muscles they take abundance of Fish Their Knives are made of sharpened Bones and all their Arrows are armed with them Their Canoes are like the Venetian Gondola's For the Description of the Northern part of Terra Magellanica commonly called Patagonia we refer the Reader to Sir John Narbrough's Journal printed at the beginning of this Collection Anno 1669. His Majesty of Great Britain His Royal Highness the Duke of York and seveothers of the Nobility design'd a better Discovery of Chili in order whereunto two Ships were sent out under the Conduct of that great Navigator and worthy Commander Sir John Narbrough who returned June 1671 having been out above two years passing and repassing the Streights of Magellan and coasting Patagonia and Chili His Observations and Draughts are the most judicious and exact of of any that went before him Anno 1680. and 1681. Captain Sharp made many bold Adventures on several Islands and Coasts in the South Sea In his return he being quite out of all hopes of recovering the Streights of Magellan or those of Le Maire or Brewer was forced to seek for a Passage farther South than by Cape Horn he went to about 60 deg South Lat. meeting with many Islands of Ice Snow Frosts and Whales departing from a small Place named by him the Duke of York's Island in the South Sea he steered near 800 Leagues to the Eastward and afterwards as many to the Westward The first Land he saw in those three Months was the Island of Barbadoes so that Land in the Streight of Le Maire and in Brewer's Passage must be Islands and not join'd to any great Southern Continent as suppos'd by some Since these Attemps and Undertakings several English Ships have passed
Port Praya Road on Board the Sweepstakes riding there at the Island of St. Jago Novemb. 5. 1669. John Narbrough To Captain Humphrey Fleming Commander of the Batchelour Pink. DEcember 4. many flying Fish seen to day and Bonetto's Sharkfish and Albycores a Fish larger than a Bonetto but of that Mackrel shape and feaverish Diet they live upon the flying Fish like the Bonetto's to day we caught some of them with Hooks and one Shark our Men eat them both and account the Shark a good Fish December 7. To day the Cooper found two Buts of Beer had leaked out this day all of us drank Water only for it was ever my order that the meanest Boy in the Ship shoud have the same allowance with my self so that in general we all drank of the same Cask and eat one fort of provision as long as they lasted I never permitted any Officer to have a better piece of Meat than what fell to his lot but one blinded with a Cloth serv'd every Man as they were called to touch and take by which means we had never any Difference upon that score Saturday December 18. All the Ship 's company God be praised in good health most of them were let blood after I has cross'd the Tropick of Cancer and none troubled with the Calenture in this Voyage Whilst I am in the hot Weather I allow a quart of Vinegar to 6 Men per Week and also to eat with their Fresh fish which I didvide equally among the whole Ship 's Company be it little or much or caught by whomsoever Friday December 24. I find great Difference within this 48 hours between my dead Account as we call it which is kept by the Log and the Observation I made these 2 days when the Sun was on the Meridian for I find I have gone more Southerly by 12 Miles than the Log allows I can't perceive any variation and the Log is well kept and the half minute Glass good I judge the Current sets to the Southward now the Winds are at the East and the Moon near the full December 30. This Afternoon I took an Azimuth and find six degrees ten minutes variation Easterly my Observation being of a good one fair Weather to Night at 9 a Clock Nebeles major was very visible in the Heaven and seems to be a piece of the Milky-way broke from it the Southern Constellations appear which are near the Pole Antarctick the Camelion the Bird of Paradise the Tail of little Hydra and the Water-snake which are all small Stars of the 5th and 6th Magnitude no Pole-star nor any Star fit for Observation to be seen within 15 degrees of the Pole the Crosers Stars of the first and second Magnitude are good for Observation and are in this form when they are on Meridian above the Pole Some Fowls flying to and fro a kind of Sea-gulls and Gannet a black Sea-Fowl as big as a Pigeon and some large ones of that kind three Tropick Birds flying over the Ship of a grey Colour with a long spired Tail as big as Pigeons Some Bonetto's taken to day A great broad flat Fish like a Scate following the Ship called by the seamen a String-Ray having a long Tail and a sharp bow at the end of it when it pricks a Man it puts him to much pain they are called by some Clock-fishes the lesser sort are good to eat January 5. Variation of the Compass by an Amplitude in the Morning 06 d. 46 m. East this Afternoon I brought the Ship to and sounded one hundred and eighty four fathom right down and had no ground I being thwart of the Shoals of Brazil caused me to sound I thought the Sea look'd whiter than usual variation at Sun-set 6 d. 46 m. East little Wind this Afternoon at East by North I made all the Sail I could Stay-sails Steering-sail Boats-sails and Bonadventure misen all set to draw away Southerly some Fowls flying over the ship which we call Men of war they prey on flying Fish c. January 14. Few Fish seen now and then a small Bonetto taken small Sea-Fowls call'd Black Nodies flying to and fro and 2 Curlieus flying to the Eastward January 24. I judge a Current sets out of the River of Plate for I find nine miles more to the Southward than I expected I have been careful of my Course and Variation which is but 18 d 20 m. East by an amplitude taken to Night I am open of the mouth of the River of plate sounded to Night but no ground at one hundred and forty five Fathom Wind at North and by East all Night close Weather I steered South-west and by South Monday January 31. Calm this Morning at 8 a Clock the Wind came to the North-west a fine gale at eleven a Clock the Wind went round the Compass and came to North with much thunder lightning and some rain very dark Clouds cold hasey Weather several spots of Sea-weeds driving in the Sea and a great many Sea-fowls of a brown colour swimming in it smoath Water Course steered is South-west by my Compass this day one main shroud and one fore-shroud broke and to strope of the Main-jeer block Variation of Sun-rising by an Amplitude is 19 d. 43 m. East all my Men in good health God be praised All the Albycores Bonettos and flying Fish have quite left the Ship no Fish to be seen but Whales Tuesday February 1. Cloudy foggy Weather this Morning and little Wind at South-east I stood to the South-westward I saw abundance of Sea-fowl flying to and fro striking about the weeds for small Fish several beds of Sea-weeds driving by the Ship it fell calm this Afternoon many small Shrimps about the Ship and eight young Seal-fishes close to it they were as big as an ordinary Spaniel-dog of a black colour and went away to the Westward this Afternoon a fresh gale at South-south-east I steer'd away Southward and by West by my Compass the Air was cold here on a sudden as 't is in England in September These Seas are very much exposed to sudden Gusts and variable Winds for the Wind has run round the Compass twice or thrice a day these 3 day the Sea-water is changed whiter then the usual colour whence I conjecture I must be in Soundings also by my account of Longitude kept from the Lizard I am not 1 d. 28 m. off from land according to Mercator's Draught This Evening I sounded but had no ground at 130 Fathom Wind at South a fine gale I steer'd in West-south-west at ten a Clock to Night I observed the Water to riple as if it were over a shoal and had ground at seventy Fathom I caused the Head-sails to be braced to the Mast and sounded sine red Sand inclining to gray at 70 Fathom February 2. Meridian distance from the Lizard West 839 Leagues 2 miles 〈◊〉 Longitude at Noon from the Lizard West 49 deg 43 m. little Wind this Afternoon and fair Weather we lay
thousands fourteen foot long the common sort are about five foot and all very fat they 'l gape at you when you come to them as if they would devour you and 't is labour enough for two Men to kill one of the great ones with a Hand-spike which is the best Weapon for that purpose Saturday March 5. Fair Weather Wind at South-west a fine gale This Morning we went ashore to flay some Seals and cut the Bodies in good handsom pieces and salted it up well in Bulk on Deal-boards ashore that the blood might drain from it the Meat looks as well and as white as Lamb and is very good Victuals now but when 't is a little salt it will eat much better those we dress'd were all young Seals for they sucked their Dams who as soon as they come ashore bleat immediatly come her young ones and bleat about her like Lambs and suck her one old Female suckles four or five and beats away other young ones that come near whence I believe they have four or five at a time the young ones which we killed and eat were as big as a midling Dog we cut the fat off of the Great ones and made Oil of it for the Lamps and other uses in the Ship the Oil of the young ones we fried and eat with our Provisions it is very sweet and good to fry any Food with our Men will have it to be as good as Olive Oil most of my Men to day gathered of those green Pease-leaves and other Herbs for Sallads which some eat raw some boiled it is refreshing to their Bodies Sunday March 6. Blowing Weather Wind at West This day after Prayers I went ashore on the South-side of the River and travelled eight miles into the Land South-west and by West having twelve armed Men with me my Lieutenant went up the River in the Boat nine or ten miles to see for People that way my other Lieutenant went on the North-side with ten armed Men to see for People and view the Land I found in my Travels one of those great Beasts like a Deer dead and whole the Vermin had not touched him all his Back had pretty long Wooll of the colour of dried Rose-leaves and down his sides his Belly white Wooll he was as big as a small Colt he had a long Neck a Head like a Sheep so was his Mouth and Ears his Legs very long and Cloven-footed like a Deer a short bushy Tail of a reddish colour no Horns nor ever had any it was a Male I believe these Beasts are Peruvian Sheep Guianacoes I had his Paunch opened and searched for the Bezoar-stone in it and in the Pipe to the Stomach I turned them inside outward but found none I had heard West-Indian Spaniards say that they have taken the Bezoar-stone of Guianacoes and therefore opened this which I take to be the same Beast In travelling to day I saw several herds of them sometimes ten thirty or forty together I could not get near enough to shoot at them they neigh like young Horses and so wander away I saw nine Ostriches but they would not suffer me to come within shot of them I let the Greyhound at them but they out-run him up the Hills we saw a Fox a wild Dog and five or six Hares of which the Greyhound killed one they are shaped like English Hares and much larger and instead of a Tail have a little stub about an inch long without Hair on it they have holes in the ground like Coneys no Woods to be seen only a few Bushes like White-Thorns The Land is dry of a sandy gravelly Soil in large rounding Hills not very high but in Downs and Valleys bearing nothing but Grass here and there are gullies of fresh Water in the Valleys which is made in the Winter-time when the Snow dissolves I saw several places of salt Water in the Land which is occasioned by the natural saltness of the Earth here are no Fruits nor Herbs When I was at the farthest and on a Hill I could not see any sign of People or Woods but still Hills and Valleys as far as we could descry no Birds to be seen but Kites which are like those in Europe and small Birds like Sparrows and Linnets some Flies and Humble-bees here we saw some small four-footed Animals running in the Grass speckled-Grey shaped like a small Creature in England called an Eft Newt or Lizard no Adder nor Snake nor any venomous Creature Cattle would live here very well such as Horses Cows Sheep Goats c. Evening growing upon us I returned to the Ship and 't was within Night when we got aboard our Boat and ten a Clock when we entered the Ship I found on Board my Lieutenant that went up the River but they which went on the North-side were not come back up the River they saw five small Islands which had Sea-fowls on them and Bushes for fewel the River grows broader upwards and has several Rocks in it on the shoar they saw Guianacoes Ostriches and Hares no People Fire or Smoak they saw where People had been and Fires made and Muscles and Lumpets roasted no fresh Water nor Wood nor any Metal or Mineral the Land hilly with Grass on it At twelve a Clock to Night those that went on the North-side came aboard they had been about eight miles into the Land North-west and saw no People but found where People had been and made Fires in the Grass and Grass laid to fire the Bushes also where some had lain on open places and set little Bushes in Half-moons to shelter them from the Weather on the top of a Hill they made a fire with Grass to see if any would answer them they sat down by it all day but could see none made any where else the Land is in rounding large Hills not very high but like Downs as the Coast of Yorkshire about Burlington no Woods nor Trees seen nor fresh Water here and there a Bush growing in a Valley indifferent good Grass the Soil gravelly and sandy and some ridges of Rocks they saw Guianacoes Ostriches Hares and Kites several little Creatures like Efts no kind of Fruit or Berry Mineral or Metal I charged them as they travelled in any Gullies where Water had run to search for grains of Gold or other Metal c. for Gold is found in grains in such Gullies and much Gold is found in the Land on the other side not two hundred Leagues distant from us much Salt-peter hangs on the Earth where Water has been in a kind of Flower the plashes of Water they met with were as salt as Brine which the Earth made I saw Smelts here eighteen Inches long lying dead on the Shore but hitherto have not seen one Oyster or other shell-Fish Crawfish Lobster or Crab though 't is possible the place may have 'em all Whilst we were standing by the Water-side a Seal chased on shore a Fish as large as a Mackrel
and Oyster-shells on the Shore-side and growing in Veins on the Rocks but no Meat in them Wind at West to Night a fresh gale Monday April 18. Wind at South-west a stiff gale Cold Air and some Snow this Morning the Winter is come strong and stormy so that 't will be impossible to hold the Coast into the Streights for the Wind blows altogether from the West or West-southerly and in such Gusts as will force a Ship off the Coast This day I ordered my Purser to serve the Company Brandy-wine for their Allowance at a Quart per Week a Man I got a Boats lading of the Wood of the Country aboard for firing to Night it blew hard at South-west all the Company eat salt Seal and Penguins for their Allowance sweet and very good Meat and keeps well and long in Salt Friday April 22. Wind at South-west a stiff gale and cold Air. This Morning I went ashore on the North-west side with twenty Men to the Salt-pond which is rusted all over like a Pavement with very white and good Salt two Inches thick for two miles long in February here 's Salt enough to fill a thousand Ships we filled two Bags and laid up near two Tuns out of the Water for there was Water over the Salt which began to decay with the Rain and Weather beating on it at Night I returned aboard we brought as much Salt with us as filled a Punchion very good white Stone-salt whiter than French-Salt and of a very pleasant smell I saw some Guianacoes and Ostriches the Hills and Valleys dry Earth and Grass on them on the higher Hills lies Snow no People but many places where they had made fires and lain under a Bush for shelter no Mineral or Metal Tree or Fruit. Wednesday April 27. Close Weather and little Wind a cold Air it freezes hard the Ice bears a Man Thursday April 28. Wind at West and by South a fine gale cold frosty Weather We unrig'd the Ship and made all snug intending to Winter in this Harbour the Ice will not suffer us to pass the Streights the Winds are so stormy and generally out of the Western quarter the Nights so long and cold that the passage is impossible this Winter The Port I found safe to ride in and good refreshment to be had of Fowls as Ducks Peekes and Divers c. In the Spring I may be ready to sail to the Southward when we shall have the year before us and the Sun in the Southern Signs which will give long Days and short Nights and temperate Weather Wind at North-north-east this Evening and Rain it blew a great storm to Night the Boat sunk at the Ship 's stern and lost the Oars less Wind towards Night and veared to the West Friday May 6. Wind at West-north-west a fine gale I went a-shore on the North-west side with thirty Men and travelled seven or eight miles up the Hill saw no People the Land is great Grass-Downs in most places and on the tops of the Hills and in the Ground are very large Oyster-shells they lie in Veins in the Earth and in the firm Rocks and on the sides of Hills in the Country they are the biggest Oyster-shells that ever I saw some six some seven Inches broad yet not one Oyster to be found in the Harbour whence I conclude they were here when the Earth was formed no sign of Mine or Metal no Woods or Tree We found a good Spring of fresh Water up in the Hills it drains into salt Water-swashes We saw several Salt-water Ponds six miles in the Land made by the saltness of the Earth we saw Ostriches Guianacoes and a Fox I made a Fire on the top of the highest Hill but could see no answer I returned aboard with my Company very weary some of my Men fetched Salt to day fair Weather to Night Friday May 13. Indifferent Weather Wind at West-south-west a fine gale This day we fetched Salt a Gentleman of my Company Mr. John Wood walking on the Island of Jusice found three small pieces of Gold Wire in two Muscle-shells which Shells were made together by a green Gut-string the Gold was to the value of two shillings English and had been hammered the wire as big as a great Pin. Monday June 6. Cloudy cold Weather Wind at South-west a fresh gale This day I went a-shore with sixteen Men and travelled ten miles West into the Land the Hills there are covered with Snow 't is very cold we could not go any further for Snow and the Air is so cold that we could not endure to lie on the ground on the Hill that I was on we could see nothing but Hill beyond Hill no Woods nor Trees nor Bushes all grass Downs the Land is flat on the tops of the Hills fresh Water runs down in several places which is melted Snow and when the Water leaves running there 's no Snow I saw many Guianacoes and Ostriches no People or sign of any close by the Water-side we saw many places where they had lain on open Hills in the Snow and some places where they had killed and eat Guianacoes and Ostriches they make but small Fires with little sticks I do not find they roast their flesh at them for we saw some raw Flesh hanging to the Bones which they had gnawed with their Teeth their Fires are only to warm their Children's Fingers as we imagine I gathered some handfuls of Guianacoes Wool that lay here I am persuaded these People must needs see us travelling to and fro every day but won't come near or be seen by us they live like wild Beasts or rather worse for sometimes they must be in great want of Food here 's neither Fruit Root or Herb for it The Land is a dry gravelly Soil with Sand and in many places a Marle two foot below the Surface the Grass which is dry grows in knots not very long but thick in the Valleys the Earth is of a Petery or nitrous Nature Ostriches seen no sign of Metal or Mineral I and my Company have looked in most places where we travelled for it to Night we got down but very weary Tuesday June 7. clse dark Weather Wind at North-east and by East a fair gale a new Moon to day fine Weather to Night but cold the Stars near the Pole Antartick are very visible some of the small Stars in the Constellation of little Hydra are near the Pole Here are many good Stars near the Pole good for Observation of the first and second Magnitude the Star at the South-end of Ariadne the Star at Hydra's Head the Star in the Peacock's eye and the Stars in Tucan's bill and the Stars in Tucan's thigh and back the stars in Grus's head and wing and body but the brightest Stars are the Stars in the former foot of Centaurus and the Crosiers the other Stars are of the third fourth and fifth Magnitude The two Clouds are seen very plainly and a small black Cloud which
the foot of the Cross is in is always very visible when the Crosiers are above the Horizon as they are alway here in these Latitudes The Heavens in this South Hemisphere are as the Heavens in the North Hemisphere but no Stars within eighteen degrees of the Pole fit for Observation no Pole-star as the Star in the Tail of the little Bear is in the North the Air cold to Night but very healthy for stirring Men I have not had my Finger ached as yet a Man hath an excellent stomach here I can eat Foxes and Kites as savourily as if it were Mutton every Fox and Kite as we kill we eat which is ever now and then one killed Nothing comes amiss to our stomachs not one Man complains of cold in his Head or of Coughs Young Men well grown and of good shape are most fit for this Country it being a dry and an hungry Air and Provisions to be got with pains The Ostriches are nothing so big as the Ostriches in Barbary nor of the Colour nor Feather these are grey on the Back and shaggy Feathers of no use and the Feathers on their Bellies are whire they have long Legs and small Wings they cannot fly they have a long Neck and a small Head and beaked near like a Goose they are much like a great Turky-cock and good lean dry Meat and sweet to Night I came aboard it blew fresh at west Wednesday June 22. Wind at West-north-west a stout gale This day I went ashore on the East-side saw no People this day Mr. John Wood went ashore on the West side and three Men with him they were armed they travelled into the Land West and by North about four miles where they saw seven People of the Country on a Hill making a noise and wafting them to the Ship Our Men went up the rise of the Hill to them three of the Indian Men came to Mr. Wood with their Bows and Arrows in their Hands and a loose skin about their Bodies and a Furr-skin about their Heads and pieces of skins about their Feet and all the other parts of their bodies naked they were painted red and white on their Faces they would not come so near as to let our Men touch them but slepped back as you moved forward they continuing their noise and wafting with their Hands towards the Ship and and kept talking but no Man could understand them they repeated Ozse Ozse very often they have an harsh Speech and speak in the Throat they received any thing that you cast to them on the ground Mr. Wood gave them a Knife and a Shasâ—â— and a Neckcloath and a bottle of Brandy they would not drink Mr. Wood could not perceive any Bracelets they had or any thing about them save their Skin they are people of a middle stature and well-shaped tawny Olive-colour'd black Hair not very long they seem to be of a rude behaviour for they returned nothing for what they received nor took no notice of any thing the rest of their Company stayed at the Hill they can endure much cold for their Legs Buttocks and lower parts are naked Mr. Wood was taller than any of them and he judged the eldest of the three to be upwards of forty years old the other thirty They seemed to be very fearful they took their own time and went away into the Land Mr. Wood returned aboard and acquainted me with what he had seen This Night we saw a Fire in the Hills It blew hard to Night at West They have small Dogs with them they would not have come near our People if they had not fallen accidentally in the Hills and Valleys with them I have thought that they have heard of the cruel dealings of the Spaniards and dare not trust us Saturday July 2. Wind at West a fine gale I went a-shore on the East-side we killed a great Guianacoe with the Greyhound I looked in his Paunch for the Bezoar-stone but found nothing I travelled to and fro but saw no people I saw where People had made earthen Pots and had glased them for there lay some of their stuff run together at Night I went aboard Sunday July 3. Wind at South close Weather The Guianacoe weighed cleaved in his Quarters two hundred and fifty pounds neat He served all the Company for a days Flesh and is good Meat Tuesday July 12. Close Weather and little Wind at North and by West I went up to the head of the Harbour but saw no People There is in the Fullers-Earth Cliffs at the head of the Harbour a Vein made like rotten Ising-glass I took some out but cannot find it good for any thing I digged in the Cliff but saw nothing to be taken notice of I saw in two places pieces of floor Timbers of a Ship they have laid a long time rotting We saw that the biggest of these Bushes here have been cut down by some Christian People I saw wooden Plates and a piece of Cork and a piece of an old Oar some Christian Ship had been here formerly I lay ashore to Night Sunday July 31. Fair Weather Wind at South-west a stiff gale The Weather as cold as it is in England in the height of Winter and the Air rather sharper and dryer I have now twelve Men lame with the cold and their Legs and Thighs are turned as black as a black Hat in spots the cold having chilled the Blood yet they use bathing and stuping those places and all that they can to prevent it but it rather encreaseth on them than otherwise These are such people as I could not make stir by an meyans they that stir are as well as any Men in the World can be Tuesday August 2. Close Weather Wind at South-west a gale and cold Air. We fall on fitting of our Rigging and getting the Ship fit Here are hundreds of Guianacoes in companies near the Water-side my Greyhound is lame so that I cannot make her run also here are many Ostriches together with many green plovers at the Watercr-side and some Swans but not full so large as ours They are white save a black Head and half the Neck and Legs black Here are some white Geese as European geese the brant-Geese are some whith some black and grey The Mallards and Ducks are grey and the Teals are grey Tuesday August 16. Close Weather Wind at West and at North-west a fine gale I sent the Boat for Water to a Swash on the East-side two of my Men saw two of the People of the Country on the East-side behind a Bush my Men went toward them they went away and left a bundle of Skins under the Bush my Men made signs to speak with them but they would not stay mâ— Men did not go after them but sat down theâ— would not stay they were but of a middle stâ—ture my Men brought the Bundle aboard to shew it to me and two mungrel Dogs which were coupled together I opened the Bundle and it
was several bags of Skins with red Earth and white Earth and Soot or paint in a Bag this is the Trade they paint themselves with they had Flint-stones and Arrow-heads in the Bundle I searched the Bundle all over to see grains of Gold but could not find any There were Bracelets of Shells and bits of Sticks and braided Thongs and Arrows and Muscle-shells and Armadillo-shells and a small point of a Nail in a stick for a Bodkin Their Skins were pieces of Seal-skins and pieces of Guianaco-skins sewed together with small Guts all very old and full of holes and smelt of grease There were pieces of Flints made fast with a green Gut in the split of a Stick which they hold fast to knock their Arrow-heads into shape There were also pieces of Sticks to get Fire with This was all that was in the Bundle it was made fast with Leather-thongs braided round like Whip-cord and the Dogs were coupled with such strings The Muscle-shells are their Knives I put all things up in the Bag and made it fast Their Dogs are much of the Race of Spanish dogs a good large mungrel Cur but very tame any Man might handle them they were grey in colour and painted red in spots they were very lean there were two grcat Staves of four foot long which was tough Cane in short joints I carried them a-shore next day Tuesday August 30. Foggy close Weather this morning Wind at North. We travelled away West into the Land ten or twenty miles farther The Land all dry with Grass and Bushes in some places like Thorns the Hills high and many and Snow on the tops no Woods nor Trees to be seen Fresh-water comes running out of the Hills in fine Rivulet no Fruit many sedgy Bushes grow on the Brink and brave green Grass and a green Herb of a pretty strong hot taste some Teal in the Water and Water-birds this is all I saw about the Rivulet Many large Ponds in the Country but salt Water in those Ponds we saw Fowls like Herons but all red in the Valleys we saw hundreds of Guianacoes in a company and twenty Ostriches some Heres and some Partridges greyer and bigger than ours some Snipes and small Birds several Penne-wrens we saw several Kites and small Hawks and Owls we caught two Armadilloes I saw two Foxes and a wild Dog and many brant-Geese the Land is in Hills and Valleys as far as we could see and bad travelling on foot the Soil is gravelly and dry sand of a Salt-petre nature the Grass in some places long and dry and in some places short and dry the Hills are rounding aloft like large Downs We red Earth in some places such as the Indians use we saw the Footsteps of people in many places in the Clay and places where they had been and had killed Guianacoes and made a fire there I gathered Guianacoes-Wooll and Ostriches Feathers were scattered about the place and Bones there lay the Skulls of three People no flesh on them they were very clean and no larger than the Skulls of European Men smooth and even Teeth close set one of those Skulls was broken Whether these people be Man-eaters or not I cannot tell I judge they have Wars one with another by reason here are so few People in this great Land and food enough to live on and the Land all clear and good Pasturage for Cattle and no Mountains in all the Land there are Plains and grassy Meadows here wants only Wood to build with it that were here it would be as good a Land as any part of America for the Counrry is very healthy This Afternoon it rained and was very thick and foggy so as we could not tell which way to go although we had a Compass with us for there is no going into the Land without one because a Man will mistake his way the Country is so open in great Plains and Downs We were very much wet and cold We got to Bushes and there made a Fire and dried our selves we stayed here all Night we neither heard nor saw any thing to Night Tuesday September 1. 1670. Close hasey Weather the Wind at North a small gale so as I could not Sail this day we tried for Fish but caught none the Water is so cold I was on the Land when I was at the farthest twenty five miles West-north-west from the Harbour-mouth and all things as I saw I have mentioned excepting some small Creatures like Efts which run in the Grass no manner of Snake or venomous Creature have I seen in this Country here are some Earth-worms and Caterpillers and other Buggs but few in number no wild Beast of prey or any other thing to annoy the Inhabitants but Cold and Hunger Here lies a large Country open to receive any Inhabitants from forein Parts and large enough to satisfie the Undertakers The Land would produce European Grain if planted here and breed Cattle September 16. I considering my Men being very weak thought it most fit to go for Port Desier and there to refresh the Men for I knowing there I could have what Penguins and Seals I would have which are good Provisions also I do intend to salt up a quantity of each to carry to Sea with me to lengthen out my Provisions This Forenoon I steered from St. Julian North-north-east and made what Sail I could to get to Pert Desier This Night it was a small gale and veered to the West-south-west I judge it best to make my easie Sail in the Night for fear of running up with the Eady Stone-Rocks before day-light Wednesday September 21. Fair Weather to day the Wind veerable round the Compass This Morning I had both the Boats leden with Seals and Penguins and Penguin-eggs ten Men may kill ten thousand Penguins in less than an hours time the Seals and Penguins are numberless a Man cannot pass on the Island for them This Evening I got on board and landed our lading ashore fair Weather to Night The Eggs are very good Nourishment and the Fat serves for Oil to the Lamps Thursday September 22. Fair Weather Wind at West This day I divided the Eggs amongst the Men we skinned the Seals and the Penguins and salted the Flesh in bulk on the Rock and covered it to keep the Wind from it good Weather and little Wind to Night Friday September 30. The Wind at North this Morning this forenoon it came to the South-east and blew hard and rained This day I went up the River about ten miles and Don Carolus with me and ten Men to see for People we lay out all Night on the South-side but saw no People this Night the people of the Country came to our little Well which is up in the Valley and stole an Iron Pot and three suits of Cloaths of the Mens that were laid there a drying with some other Linnen but did not meddle with the Beads which are hung up on a Pole on the Hills and they will
the Men for I took the Mens Coats and put about the Women but the Men would not suffer them to keep the Coats long and themselves to be naked but took the Coats from the Women and put them about themselves I proffer'd them to exchange one of my Lads for one of theirs and they laughed but the Indian Lad would not go with me but hung back I gave to the Men Knives and Fish-hooks and to the Lads Jews-trumps and Pipes and to the Women Looking-glasses and Beads I did this to gain their loves and in hopes to have Trading with them for the future they refus'd Brandy Cape Froward is the southermost Land of the great Continent of America and it is very high Land on the back-side of it the Face is steep up of a Cliff of Rocks and it is blackish grey of a good height and deep Water very near it I sounded with my Boat close to it and had forty Fathom A Man may lay a Ship close to the face of the Cape for there is Water enough there is no Ground in the Channel at two hundred Fathoms and but little Tide or any ripling as I saw but a fair Channel to sail throughout of three Leagues broad from the North-shore to the South-shore It is best for a Ship to keep nearer the North-shore than the South-shore for the Winds are more generally of the Western Quarter Cape Froward in Magellan Streights lies in the Latitude of 53 d. 52 m. South And in Longitude West from the Lizard in England 68 d. 40 m. West And in Meridian distance in Leagues 1099. and two Miles West The Compass hath sixteen degrees of Variation Easterly at Cape Froward As to the Firlining Points I cannot say any thing I wanted a Needle November 4. 1670. I was in Wood's Bay called so by my Mate's Name November 5. I was abrest of Cape-Holland near which lies Cape Coventry and Andrew's Bay also Cordes and Fostcues Bay Cape and Port Gallant but for a more exact Situation of the several Promontories Bays Ports Rivulets Soundings c. I refer the Reader to the large Draught of the Magellan Streights drawn by my own Hand on the place A-brest of the Bay two Leagues off is the Island which I called Charles-Island and Monmouth-Island more to the West-ward is James-Island and Ruperts-Island and the Lord Arlingtons-Island and the Earl of Sandwich's-Island and Secretary Wren's Island this Reach I called English Reach a League more to the West-ward of Fostcues Bay is Cape-Gallant The Streight shews now as if there were no farther passage to the Westward for the South Land rounds up so much to the North-Westward that it shuts against the North-Land to a Man's sight At this distance I saw two large openings into the South-Land one opposite to Charles-Island the other more to the Westward up of the round South Bite there I saw many Whales spouting that place I called Whales-Bay I saw several Brant-geese and Ducks here I left in the Indians Houses Beads and Knives in hopes of further Commerce I saw on the South-side a Fire made in the Grass by the Natives From the pitch of Cape-Froward to the pitch of Cape-Holland the Streight lies in the Channel West and by North nearest and is distant full five Leagues and from the pitch of Cape-Holland to the pitch of Cape-Gallant the Streight lies in the Channel West and by North a little Northerly and is distant eight Leagues From the pitch of Cape-Gallant to a low Point three Leagues to the Westward the Streight lies in the Channel Northwest and by West a little Northerly This Reach is not more than two miles broad from the North-shore to the Islands which I called The Royal Isles when I was a-brest of the Westermost Island which I called Rupert's-Island I being on the middle of the Channel with the Ship shot off one of my Sakers with a shot and the shot lodged close to the Islands side This low Point a brest of Rupert's-Island on the North shore I called Point-Passage This Evening at six of the Clock I was shot past Point-Passage half a mile to the Westward of it having a fine Easterly gale Monday Noveomber 7. Cloudy gusts foggy Weather the Wind at West and sometimes at North-west I rode fast all day close aboard the shore This Afternoon I went in my Boat over to the South-side opposite to Elizabeth's-Bay at the Point called Whale-point for the many Whales spouting thereby I travelled up the Hills two miles but could not see any Gold or Metal the Land very irregular and Rocky with mossy kind of Grass growing on it and very boggy and rotten for I thrust down a Lance of sixteen feet long into the Ground with one hand very easily Here grow many Juniper Trees some of a foot throughout the Wood not very sweet Here I saw many brant-Geese and Ducks much Snow on the inland Mountains so as I could not travel any farther I returned down to the Boat again I saw where the Natives had been by the evening of the Grass but I could not have a sight of any Here are many good Muscles on the Rocks of five Inches long and good Fish in them and many seed Pearls in every Muscle Here are also large Limpets and Sea-eggs among the Rocks All the Ripling is not worth the taking notice of for it is but an hours time on both Tides Ebb and Floud when the Tide runs strong neither are the Tides any thing prejudicial to the Navigation of the Streight but rather advantagious to help to turn from Road to Road either way For I have had a benefit of them in plying from place to place The Weather indifferent this Afternoon I went a-shore after I had done Sounding but saw no People nor any Metal the Woods very thick and several Trees of the hot Bark the other Trees much like Beech-timber some Ducks and brant-Geese seen on the Shore-side The Streight in this Reach between Elizabeth's Bay and St. Jerom's River is about two Leagues broad and high Land on the South-side which hath several brave Coves on it like the Wet-dock at Deptford and safe to lay Ships in them from either much Wind or any Sea This Bay I called Muscle-Bay for in it there are many and great plenty of good Muscles The Shore-sides are rocky steep too in most places no Ground in the main Channel at an hundred Fathom also in the Bays on the South-side it is deep Water and small Islands lie in the Bays and close along the South-shore lie small Islands Here are many Whales and I saw many Penguins and some Seals The Shores are woody on both sides but ragged Timber and boggy Ground the tops of the Hills bare Rocks and irregular several streams of Snow-water run down in the Cliffs of the Hills two Leagues to the Westward of Elizabeth's-Bay On the North-shore the Land is low and woody near the Water-side and up of a Valley in
bad them acquaint the Indians of the Mountains or In-lands that I came to speak with them and that I was their Friend and would give them many Hatchets and Knives and Swords c. if they would come to me and that I came purposely to speak with them and that my Master the Great King of England hath sent them many things and would willingly see them After these People had heard all that I said to them they sat for a time mute and considering of the Kindnesses they received from me and my Company and that they must go a-shore again under the Command of the cruel Spaniards they weeped extreamly and uttered these words Numbra Spanalos muccho Deablo c. In English it is The Spanish men are much Devils c. I verily believe that these poor innocent Creatures speak truth for they are great Devils in abusing these poor Souls so unmercifully as they do In sight of my Men the Spaniards with a great Staff would strike an Indian on the Head as he talked with him and beat him all along for no cause at all but this they do to shew their Greatness and Imperiousness The best Name the Spaniards can afford to call an Indian by is Dog and Devil and such like Names These Indians say that there is much Gold in the Land and that the Spaniards have much Oro I gave to each of these Indians a Knife and a small Looking-glass and some Beads they were very thankful and I put them in mind again to speak to the Indians of the In-land that I would give them Knives and Glasses if they would come to me I was in great hopes all this time that I should have the opportunity to speak with my Golden Friends by the means of these People for they seemed to be glad of the Message or of the things which I gave them to do it These People are of a middle stature strongly set and well-fleshed they are tawny coloured and have long black flaggy Hair their Features tolerable of a somewhat melancholy Countenance they are very active in Body and hardy in enduring of Weather or Diet They wear small Caps on their Heads like to Mounteers and their Garment is a long Mantle but most of their Garments are a square piece of Wollen Cloth like a Carpet of their own weaving of the Wool of Guianacoes they cut an hole in the middle of this Carpet through which they put their Head and it hangs upon their Shoulders and covers their whole Bodies like a Cloak when it is buttoned down before Some have these Cloaks so long as it reacheth down to their middle Leg and some to the Knee some wear half-Stockings on their Legs but no Shoes nor Shirts some have Breeches after the Spanish Fashion but close to their Thighs and Knees A NOTE which I sent to Lieutenant Armiger enclosed in a Letter LIeutenant take what notice you can of the Fortificatin of the Fort and what strength they have of People in it and whether they are able to withstand a Ship and what quantity of Provisions they have in it and whether Don Carlos be there send me an Account thereof by John Wilkins I will use all endeavours to have you off when I understand the strength of the place I remain your loving Friend John Narbrough Burn all the Letters you receive from me and in case of Examination December 18. 1670. This Evening I took the Suns Amplitude with my Compass and I had a good Observation I find the variation of the Compass to be eight Degrees ten Minutes Easterly I do much reason with my self as to the Variation that it differs so much in the same Latitude between the East and West-side of the Land of America for on the East-side as I sailed in the Latitude of forty Degrees I found the Compass to have twenty Degrees variation Easterly by several good Observations which I took with the same Instrument as I now do use which is a large Azimuth Compass and here I find but eight Degrees and ten Minutes variation and it is but eight Degrees of Longitude more Westerly in the same Parallel differing between these Observations and the difference of Variation I find the Land to be but one hundred and twenty five Leagues broad from the East-side to the West-side in the Latitude of forty Degrees South of the Equinoctial certainly the attractive quality of the Magnet must be very powerful in the Eastern part of the Land more than in the Western which causeth the difference yet I admire being on both sides of the Land the Compass should always have the same variation Easterly I was of the Opinion that the variation would have been Westerly on the West-side it being Easterly on the East-side but I find the contrary by experience therefore I believe that the attractive quality is not much in this part of America but in some other part more to the Eastward than I was for if the attractive quality had been in this Land and I sailing on both sides of it the variation must have been Easterly on the one side and Westerly on the other This Discourse I leave to a better Understanding for I am not as yet satisfied what occasioneth the variation and the great difference of it although I have been on several Voyages and have made great benefit of the Understanding of the variation of the Compass in directing of the true Course c. In the Port of Baldavia there are three fair Rivers which come out of the Country and empty themselves into the Port with a brisk stream of fresh Water which causeth the stream always to set out of the Harbour and the Waters to be fresh just within the Harbours-mouth one River runs up into the South-east part of the Harbour into the Country another River runs into the Country to the Eastward on the back-side of St. Peter's Fort the third River runs into the Country about the North-point of the Harbours-mouth between the point and the North-end of St. Peter's Island it runs up in the North-Eastward and nine or ten Mills stand upon the River from the Harbours-mouth The City of Baldavia is situated on the Bank of the River as the Spaniards tell me I judge this City of Baldavia is but a small place and kept only as a Garrison and a place for Trade with the Indians for Gold Bezoar-stones Guianacoes-Wooll c. The Spaniards that were aboard and the Indians said that there were but five great Guns in it and three hundred Men. I know that they speak of the most of every thing in the matters as concerning their strength and number of Men. I believe that these Rivers may run into the Country a long way and the Spaniards to have but little knowledge in the inward parts of this Country for the Indians will not suffer the Spaniards to search into the In-lands I believe also that these Rivers are not Navigable for Shipping for
February 12. Fair Weather Wind Northerly This Morning I went over to the North-shore and there I fell with a fine sandy Bay I sounded it and had 6 7 8 9 and 10 Fathom Water above half a Mile from the Shore This Bay is between the second Narrow and Cape Gregory close under Cape Gregory this Cape is about five or six Miles to the Eastwards of the second Narrow here I landed the Winds being Northerly a fresh gale and haled the Boat up dry and went up into the Country to see for Indians but saw none and I returned to the Boat again where we pitched our Tent and lay all Night February 13. Fair Weather and a fresh gale of Wind Westerly This Morning I run all along the North-shore from Cape Gregory to the first Narrow and I was no sooner entred into the first Narrow but I saw three Anchors which lay up above High-water Mark in a small sandy Cove there I landed and haled up the Boat and searched about to see if we could fall with any Guns or other Trade One of the Men found an Iron Commander for some Ships Poop one of those Anchors were twelve Foot long in the Shank and the other two were eleven Foot a piece and they were all spanish Anchors The Land here is barren dry Land and affords neither Wood nor fresh Water and for the space of five or six Miles about the land is full of Rats they have Holes in the Ground like Coney-burroughs their Food I suppose to be Limpet for there is great store of Limpet-shoals lying close to their Holes I saw no Indians here nor any thing worth Observing Night coming on we here pitched our Tent and lay all Night here are very good sandy Bays on the North-side all the way betwixt the first and second Narrow for I sounded all along as I came down in the Boat and had ten and twelve Fathom Water a good Burth off Tuesday February 14. Close hasey Weather with some Rain and very much Wind Westerly This Morning I saw the Ship coming down the Streights and after she was through the Narrow they brought her to and I got a-board and we made all the Sail we could and by Night we got clear of the Streights into the North-sea and at three a Clock Cape Virgin-Mary bore North-west ½ a Point Northerly distance 4 Leagues Thursday February 23. Fair Weather the Wind variable from the North-north-west to the West-north-west This Evening at nine a Clock we came to an Anchor in 22 Fathom Water sandy Ground on the South-part of America in the Lat. of 47 d. 16 m. South and then Cape-Blanco bore North-north-west of me distant about six Leagues February 24. Fair Weather and little Wind Northerly This Morning we weighed to go to Port Desire-Bay and in the Evening at six a Clock we Anchored in the Bay in fourteen Fathom Water February 25. Fair Weather and a Fresh gale of Wind Easterly This day the Long boat went into Port-Desire for fresh-Water but could not fill above five or six Puncheons for there was no more to be had there and all they brought aboard was brackish Fair Weather Wind variable Sunday February 26. Fair Weather and a fresh Wind at South-south-west Thiw Morning we set Sail from Port-Desire to go for England and at twelve a Clock I was in the Latitude of 47 deg 10 m. South And then Cape-Blanco bore Northwest of me but not by the Compass for here is a Point and half variation Easterly and at four a Clock Cape-Blanco bore West-north-west of me by the Compass distance nine Miles and then we had twenty Fathom Water but when it bears West-north-west from you and you are 8 Miles off you will have but ten Fathom Water Here is very good Sounding al the Coast along from this Cape ot Cape Virgin-Mary which lies in 52 d. 15 m. South Within five Leagues off the Main you will have 25 and 30 Fathom Water and 10 Leagues off you will have 50 and 55 Fathom Water it is black oasie Sand. Wednesday May 17. The Weather fair This Evening at six a Clock we saw the Island of Saint Mary one of the Isles of Azores it bore East-north-east of me distant about sixteen Leagues by Estimation fair Weather Wind at South-east May 19. Fair Weather Wind Easterly This Morning at seven a Clock the Town of Puntelegada upon the Island of St. Michaels one of the Isles of Azores bore North of me distant about two Miles and my Longitude difference from Cape-Blanco to this Town is My Meridian distance from Cape-Blanco to this Town is Leagues Miles Tenths Easting this Town lying so far to the Eastward of the Cape This day the Captain sent me a-shore to Puntelegada to enquire News from England whether we had War or Peace with any other Nation or not and I was informed by Mr. Richard Nucheuson that we had War with none but the Argea-Men So I returned a-board again and we made all the Sail we could for England Tuesday May 23. Fair Weather and much Wind at North-east our Provisions being almost done and but little Water in the Ship we bore up to go for Angria at the Tercesas May 24. Close hasey Weather and a fresh gale of Wind at North-east and by North. This Forenoon we Anchored in Angria-Rode in sixteen Fathom Water Friday May 26. Fair Weather and little Wind at North-east This Forenoon we set Sail out of Angria-Rode to go for England Saturday June 10. 1671. It was hasey dirty Weather Wind at S. W. This moring I saw Scilly at seven a Clock it bore N. E. by N. of me distant about 5 Leagues and at six a Clock in the Afternoon the Lizzard bore North of me distant about 3 Leagues Now I make my difference of Longitude from Cape Blanco to the Lizzard in England to be 60 d. 45 m. 2 10. and my Meridian distance is 840 Leagues I am so far to the Eastwards of the Cape A Relation of a Voyage made towards the South Terra Incognita extracted from the Journal of Captain Abel Jansen Tasman by which not only a new Passage by Sea to the Southward of Nova Hollandia Vandemens Land c. is discovered and a vast space of Land and Sea incompassed and sailed round but many considerable and instructive Observations concerning the variation of the Magnetical Needle in parts of the Worlds almost Antipodes to us and several other curious remarks concerning those Places and People are set forth Not long since Published in the Low Dutch by Dirk Rembrantse and now in English from Dr. Hook's Collections IN the year 1642. Aug. 14. He set Sail with two Ships from Batavia to wit the Yacht Heemskirk and the Fly-boat Seehane and the 5. of September came to an Anchor at the Island Mauritius 20 d. South Latitude and 83 d. 48 m. Long. They found this Island 50 Dutch Miles more Easterly than by their reckoning which make 3 d. 33 m. of
E. into the S. and so on to the S. S. W. they intended to find a Passage between both but found this to be all one Land even into the West wherefore they turned their Course Westward along the Coast and had much Calms April 20. in S. Latitude 5 d. 4 m. Longitude 164 d. 27 m. N. E. variation 8 d. 30 m. by night they came by the Burning Island and saw a great Fire come out of the top of the Hill of which aâ—â—o William Scouten writes they went between this Island and the Main and saw many Fires close by the Water as towards the middle of the high Hill whence they argued this to be a populous and well inhabited Island they had along this Coast of Nova Guinea much Calms and saw frequently drift Wood as small Trees Bamboes and other filth from the Land that came out from the Rivers which made them conclude that there are many Rivers and that it must be a good Land The next day they past the Burning Mountain and went along the Shore W. N. W. April 27. in South Latitude 2 d. 10 m. Longitude 156 d. 47 m. they thought they were at the Island Moa but it was Jama a little more Easterly than Moa here they got many Coco-Nuts and other things The People were wholly black and what they heard our People speak they could very perfectly repeat which is a certain sign that their Language is very copious in Words and difficult to be pronounced because they use much the Letter R. and sometimes two or three times in a Word The next day they came before Moa where likewise they got much refreshment here by reason of contrary Winds they stayed till the 6. of May so that they Trucked for near 6000 Coco-Nuts and 100 Bundles of Pysanghs about the beginning of their Traffick on the Island Moa whether maliciously or otherwise one of our Company was hurt with an Arrow shot by one of the Inhabitants whilst this past they were getting their Ships nearer to the Land wherewith this People were so frighted that of their own accord they brought aboard him that had shot the Arrow for us to do with him what we pleased and from that time they were better to be spoken withal whether it were in their Traffick or otherwise so that our People took pieces of Iron Hoops and fitted them into Hafts and made them somewhat bright and sharp and so put them off for Knives It is probable they still remember what befel them with William Scouten 27. years before ' T was in the year 1616. July 16. for they having dealt very traiterously and perversly with him Jacob le Mair went with the Ship close to the Land between the Islands and shot with his great Guns along the Strand and into the Woods so that the Bullets flew through the Trees with a great noise whereupon these Negroes fled and durst not once peep out but at length they grew very tractable May 12. in S. Lat. 0 d. 54 m. and Long. 153 d. 17 m. N. E. variation 6 d. 30 m. they sailed along the N. side of William Scoutens Island it seems that the People are nimble and that the Island is well inhabited it is about 1â— or 19 Miles long May 18. S. Lat. 0 d. 26 m. Long. 147 d. 55 m. N. E. variation 5 d. 30 m. they had past the Cape of good Hope and come to the West end of New Guinea a broken Point of Land They had much variable Calm and contrary Winds with rain From hence they went Southward for Seram and came on the North side thereof On the 27. of May they went on through the Streights to the North of Boure or Bouton and so for Batavia where they arrived June 15. in South Latitude 6 d. 12 m. and Longitude 127 d. 18 m. the Voyage was finished in ten Months A MAP of y e NORTH EAST AND NORTH WEST Parts of the POLE. Relation of a Voyage for the Discovery of a Passage by the North-East to Japan and China Performed in his Majesties Ship the Speedwel and Prâ—sperous Pink Anno Domini 1676. Where is shewed the Reasons and Grounds of the probability of a Passage before the Attempt with some good Observation made in the said Voyage by Captain John Wood. TO Write a full Relation of all those Navigators that have attempted to find a Passage by the N. E. to China and Japan will be â—eedless since their Naratives have passed most â—â—ands they being Recorded in Hackluit and Purchaâ—'s but my 〈◊〉 is to shew wherein those failed that have 〈◊〉 undertaken it and then to shew the 〈◊〉 Reasons that induced 〈◊〉 undertak 〈◊〉 said Voyage with the event thereof The first that ever Attempted the said Voyage 〈◊〉 Sir Hugh Willoughby in the year 1553. with 〈◊〉 Sail of Ships and he sail ed to the North Cape of Finmarke and then into the Lat. of 72. 〈◊〉 he saies he saw Land but to this day it â—annot be found again and I am of Opinion â—â—at it was some Fog Bank that he saw for in my return Home I run over the same place where our Chard-Makeâ—s lay down that Land but certain it was that by foul Weather he was forced into a Harbor in Laplanâ—â— called Arzena where by thâ— continuance of bad Weather he could never return out but was there frozen to Death with alâ— his Ships Company so thaâ— of this Voyage there was no Light given to find a Passage that way The second that Attempted was one Captaiâ— Stephen Burrough afterward Comptroller of thâ— Navy to Queen Elizabeth In the Year 155â— he set forward and passed the North Cape anâ— sailing farther Easterly discovered the Waygate that is the Streight thaâ— runneth between thâ— South part of Nova Zâ—mbla and the Sammoâ—â— Country where he entred and believing thâ—â— Sinus or by the Eastward of the Streights to 〈◊〉 a free and open Sea he returned with hope 〈◊〉 Passage that way to China and Japan The third that Attempted was Captain Arthâ—â— Pett and Captain Charles Jackman in the Yeâ—â— 1580. being sent out by Queen Elizabeth to folloâ— the Track 〈◊〉 Burroughs so setting forwards thâ—â— came to the Wâ—ygates and passed the Streigh and came into the Sea to the Eastward where theâ— met with such a vast quantity of Ice and 〈◊〉 Weather that they with great Hazard Peril 〈◊〉 Labour were forc'd to return but by foul Weâ—ther lost one 〈◊〉 other and Pett was never 〈◊〉 of since so the Passage through the Waygate was in England laid by as thought not possiâ—â—â—e that way and then the Hollanders undertook The fourth that Attemped it was William Barrans a well Experienced Navigator and Artist sent out of Holland by Prince Morrice in the Year 1606. He sailed into the Waygates but being entred he found the same Incumbrance with Ice that Pett and Jackman had done before so tasting of the Water and finding of it fresh which neither Burrough Pett nor Jackman
East-south-east along the Ice which is nothing else but a small Tide which riseth some 8 Foot Thus the Ice having been an obstacle in our way as also the cause of my coming so far to the Eastward which before I never intended I will come to the misfortune that happened to us in the loss of our Ship which was thus being amongst the Ice the 29. Day of June in the Morning we had like to have been inclosed in it it proving likewise foggy Weather I stood out to the Southward thinking to lye there till fairer Weather or to spend some time to the Southward and then come up to the Ice again to see if there might be any alteration in it as to its removal either East West North or south but all this Day it proved foggy dirty Weahter the Wind being at West so we lay South-south-west with the Stem and by our Judgment and Reckoning the Westermost Land of Nova Zembla bore from us East-south-east that was 4 Points under our Lee Bow But such was our misfortune that it proved not so for about 10 of the Clock Captain Flawes being upon our Weather Quarter fired a Gun and bore to me and called out that there was Ice a Head then I looking out a Head saw something white just under the Bow which presently I perceived to be a breath and no Ice now if I had staied with the Ship Captain Flawes being to Windward I should have been on Board of him and then certainly we had been both lost so I was forced to bear up with hope that I might get clear of it but the Ship being a great while wearing struck on the Rock her Head lying to Seaward which if it had not but that the Broadside had been to the Sea we had all perished without Gods great mercy Captain Flawes in the mean time being a shorter Ship wore round and came close under our Stern and with great Providence escaped and stood off to Sea here we lay beating on the Rock in most cruel manner for the space of 3 or 4 hours using all possible means to save her but all in vain for it blew so hard that it was impossible to carry out an Anchor capable to do us any service though we had an opportunity to carry a small Anchor and warp to hall another out by which signified but little the Ship all this while lay and at the end of 4 or 5 hours we saw Land close under our Stern to the great amazement of us all which before we could not see for the foggy Weather so I commanded the Men to get out our Boats before our Mast came by the Board which was done I sent the Boatswain toward the Shore in the Pinnace to see if there was any possibility of landing which I much feared because the Sea ran so high In half an hour he returned with this answer that it was impossible to save a Man the Sea ran so high and the Snow being in high Clifts on Shore was unaccessible which was but bad tidings so then it was high time to think on the safety of our Souls and we went all together to Prayers to beseech God to have Mercy on us for now nothing but individual ruin appeared before our Eyes after Prayers being done it proved a little clearer Weather and I looking over the Stern saw a small Beach directly with the Stern of the Ship where I thought might be some possibility of landing so I sent the Pinnace again with some Men to be landed but they durst not venture on Shore so I sent the Long-Boat with some 20 Men to Land who attempted it and got safe on Shore so they in the Pinnace seeing that followed them and their Men likewise and both returned on Board again now the Men on the Shore sent to me desire some Fire-Arms and Ammunition for there was many Bears on Shore so I caused to be put into the Pinnace two Barrels of Powder that we had saved dry before the Ship was belged and some small Arms and some Provision with my own Papers and Mony but as she put off from the Ship side a Sea overset her so that all was lost with the life of one Man by name John Bosman being Coopers Mate and several others taken up for dead the Long-Boat being then on Shore to Land more Men and they hearing us call from aboard when as then we could not see the Shore they came on Board and saved the Men but the Pinnace was all broke to pieces which was no small grief to us so the Long-Boat being on Board and the Sea running prodigious high the Boatswain and some others would compel me and the Lieutenant to leave the Ship saying that it was impossible for the Boat to live any longer in that Sea and that they had rather be drowned than I but desiring me when I came on Shore if it were possible to send the Boat again for them so I being half way on Shore the Ship over-set so I made all the hast possible to Land them Men I had in the Boat and having landed them I went off to the Ship again to save those poor Men that had been so kind to me before so with great hazard I got with the Boat to the Quarter of the Ship and they came down the Ladder into the Boat only one Man who was left for dead which was one that had been cast away in the Pinnace whose name was Alexander Frazor a very pretty Saylor So I returned to the Shore and got safe to Land though very wet and cold so we hauled up the Boat on Shore and went up the Land about a flightshoot where our Men were making a Fire and a Tent with Canvas and Oars which we had saved for that Purpose so we lay all that Night very cold wet and weary The next Morning the Man that we left on Board recovered and got unto the Mizen-Top for that Mast we left standing when we came away the other we had cut all down The Ship laboured and beat violently but it blew so hard and the Sea ran so high that it was impossible to save him so the Weather continuing blowing with extreme Fogs and with Frost and Snow and all the ill compacted Weather that could be imagined together We built more Tents to preserve our selves and the Ship breaking in pieces came all ashore to the same place where we landed which served for shelter and Firing besides there came to us some Hogsheads of Flower and Brandy good store which was no little Comfort in our great Extremity Here we lay betwixt hope and despair hoping for fair Weather that Captian Flawes might find us which was impossible that ever he should do if it continued foggy and some despairing of his being safe but that he might be Lost as well as we But supposing we never was to see him again I was resolved to try the utmost to save as many as I could in
Northerly Point they called Point Purchas there they found very many Islands which they thought not worthy to give Names to being careful only to take notice of those six or eight Harbours which were commodious for their Fishing On the East side they went no farther than 78 deg because the Dutch disturbed their Trading on that side There are also many Islands some of which are named as Hope-Island discovered in 1613 which may be that the Dutch call willoughby's-Willoughby's-land or John Mayen's Island though indeed it corresponds well to neither but rather to the later I belongeth to Greenland and is but a small Island and lies North-east and South-west whereas the Country Sir H. Willoughby landed upon was a large Countrey inasmuch as he sailed many days by the side of it and lies North and South which must be Greenland Edges-Island was discovered 1616 by Capt. T. Edge who had made that Voyage ten times Wyches-Island so called from a Gentleman of that Name was found out 1617 but there being nothing remarkable come to our knowledge concerning these we pass them over Only it is worth noting that both the Whale and Morss-fishing was known and practised 800 years ago as appears by the Relation which Octber the Norwegian made to his Lord Alfred King of England where he also saith that the Morsses were hunted for their Teeth which were mightily esteemed Cherry-Island when first discovered I know not but it received not its Name nor was known to be of any profit till 1603 when a Ship set out at the charges of Sir Francâ—â— Cherry touched upon it and found there some Lead and a Morsses Tooth but stayed not to fish because the year was too far spent However they called it in honour of Sir Francâ—s Cherry for whose use they took possession of it Cherry-Island In 1604. a Ship set sail Mr. Welden the Merchant and Stephen Bennet the Master from London April 15 and arrived at Cola in Lapland May I. They stayed in Lapland till July 1. and July 8 they came in sight of Cherry and they came to an Anchor on the South-south-east side but because of the Stream could not land so that they sailed round about the Isle and at length anchored two miles from the Shore Going on Land one of them with his 〈…〉 as many Fowl as almost laded their Boat July 9. they found on Shore nothing but store of Foxes that part of the Island was in 74 deg 45 min. July 10. they weighed Anchor and stood into another Bay and came to an Anchor in eight fathoms where they saw an incredible number of Morsses swimming in the Sea Coming to shore they espied a vast company of them lying on the Ground they shot at them with three Guns they carried with them but with all their Weapons they could kill but fifteen of above 1000 that lay there like Hogs huddling together on heaps but they found as many Teeth as filled an Hogshead Before the 13th they killed near 100 more making use only of their Teeth In 1605 the same persons went again arriving there July 2. They went on Shore and July 6. slew abundance of Morsses and not only with Shot as they did the year before but with Launces dexterously used directing them to certain places of their Bodies they began also to boil their Blubber and made eleven Tuns of Oyl five of their Bellies will yield one Hogshead and abundance of Teeth Here also they found a Lead-mine under Mount-misery and brought away about Thirty Tun of the Oar. In 1606. the same Ship with the same Persons was sent again and landed July 3 in 74 deg 55 min. where they stayed till the Ice was all cleared for the Morsses will not come to Shore till the Ice be all vanished where at one time in six hours they slew betwixt Seven and Eight Hundred Morsses and Two great 〈…〉 they made 22 Tuns of Oyl and 〈…〉 Hogsheads of Teeth In 1608. June 21 was so hot that the melted â—itch ran down the sides of their Ship 〈…〉 hours time they slew above 900 Morsses making 〈…〉 Tuns of Oyl and above 2 Hogsheads of Teeth besides 40 more They took alive into their Ship two young Morsses a Male and Female the Female died the Male lived ten weeks in England where they taught it many things In 1610 at another Voyage with two Ships they killed many Bears and saw divers young ones no bigger than young Lambs very gamesome and lusty they brought-two of them into England Much Fowl also they slew and many Seals and June 15 set up an Ensign in token of possession of the Island for the Muscovia Company in Gull Island they found three Lead mines and a Coal-mine on the North side of the Island Three Ships more also came to fish at Cherry-Island they killed 500 Morsses at one time at other times near 300 more one Man killing 40 with his Launce at one days hunting The Morss Walrush Horse-whale Rosmarus or Sea-horse for so he is by the Ancients often called though of late they have discovered another Fish not unlike him with streight Teeth which they call the Sea-horse hath a Skin like a Sea-calf with short and sad yellow Fur a Mouth like a Lion if any hardly discernable Ears yet they hear well and are frighted with noise which also is said of the Whale that he is driven away with the sound of a Trumpet large Breast short Thighs four Feet and upon each Foot five Toes with short sharp Nails with which they climb the Ice and as large as a great Ox having a great semicircular Tusk growing on each side of their upper Jaw which are very much valued especially by the Northern People partly for their uses in Medicines as to make Cramp-rings which they make also of the Bristles upon his Cheeks to resist Poison and other malignant Diseases wherein they are at least equal to that called the Unicorn's Horn but more for their Beautry which is equal to if not surpassing Ivory The heaviness of it makes it much sought after for Handles of Swords Their Skins being dressed are thicker than two Ox-hides yet light and excellent to make Targets against Darts and Arrows of the Savages They feed upon Fish and Herbs and sleep if there be Ice upon that where if surprized the female casts her young ones of which she hath commonly two at a time into the Sea and her self after them swimming away with them in her Arms and if provoked after she hath secured them returning many times to set upon the Boat into which if she can fasten her Teeth she will easily sink it But if they be farther from the Water they all arise up together and with their weight and force falling upon the Ice endeavour to break it as they did when surprized by Jonas Pool 1610 where himself and divers of his Men escaped drowning very narrowly one of them being in the Sea the Morsses
a half into the Land in the Valleys between the Rocks grows abundance of wild Pease which had green leaves and blewish blossoms both tasting like green Pease-leaves in England growing on vines and tangled together also very sweet smelling Herbs much like Tares very green and white and yellow Flowers likewise green Herbs much like Sage but grow in knots near the ground like Lettice these Herbs with the Pease-leaves made a good Sallad to refresh such as were inclining to the Scurvy for want of which fresh Trade several of my Men were falling into it Here are abundance of very good Muscles and Limpets on theRocks and an Island frequented by many Seals and Fowls in the River were pied Divers as big as Ducks some of them grey and black shags Ducks and other Sea-Fowls breed on them amongst the Rocks and Bushes to day I went upon one of these Islands and caught as many young black Shags in their Nests as loaded the Pinnace when I have discovered better the particulars of the Fowls and other things seen here I will mention them hereafter Night coming on and it beginning to blow hard I went aboard with Herbs Fowls and what else I had got to day and divided all things equally among the Company the Boys Dividend being as large as my own or any Man's it blew very hard this Evening and looked very black in the South-west an ordinary gale I kept a Light out all Night in the Poop for the Pink this day all the Company eat of young Seals and Penguins and commended them for good Food I judged this a very fit Harbour to fit the Ship in for the main Mast must be unrig'd and a new gang of shrouds fitted and Ballast be had and it might be a means to fall in with the Pink for from the tops of the Hills we could see a great way into the Sea so that if she should come near the Coast we could not miss her We found 2 Springs of fresh Water one in a Valley close by the Water-side in a gully above the Ship half a mile up the River the other up a Valley between the Rocks just a-brest where the Ship rode about half a mile from the River's side right from Coopers-Bay in the same Valley these Springs are but small and the Water 's a little brackish or saltish for in the dry Valleys the Earth is naturally saltish the Ground and Rocks have a white Rhime of Salt-petre hanging on them I went into the Land 2 miles North-west and saw the Country hilly and dry Land without Wood or Water some craggy Rocks and Valleys low but dry and of a Salt-petre nature here and there some Bushes with prickly Branches and Leaves like White-Thorn Bushes in England the lesser Bushes have small dry Gauls growing oâ— them with a small dry Seed as hot in the Mouth as Pepper not a Tree to be seen the Soil is graâ— velly and sandy generally with tufts of dry feared Grass growing on it I digged in several places but saw nothing but gravelly Sand and Rocks no sort of Metals or Minerals I looked also among the broken Rocks for Metals but saw no sign of any from the tops of the Hills I could see a great way into the Land which is all Hills and Downs like Cornwall toilsom travelling to those that were not used to it I could travel as far in an hour as many of my Men could in two to day we saw nine Beasts feeding on the Grass very like Deer but larger and had longer Necks but no Horns reddish coloured on the Back and aloft whitish under their Bellies and up their Flanks when we had got within a Furlong of them they fell a neighing like Horses one answered another and then all run away Tuesday March 1. Fair Weather this Morning Wind at North a fine gale and a cold Air. This Forenoon I filled the Casks out of the Spring and dug them deeper I set up a long Pole with a white Cloath upon it on a Hill near a mile into the Land where 't was most likely to be seen by the Inhabitants with it I left Beads a Looking-glass a Knife a Hook and an Hatchet to invite the People of the Country to shew themselves for I was willing to see 'em that I might discover what they had but through I went about the Hills this Afternoon I could see neither People Fire nor Smoak I saw three Ostriches but could not get near enough to make a shot at them they were feeding on Grass and at first sight of me ran â—way I had a Greyhound with me which I turn'd loose upon 'em who gave Chase to one of them and at last gave her a turn which she recovered took to the Hills and so escaped they are grey coloured and larger than a great Turky-cock in England they can't fly but have long Legs and trust to their running I saw two handfuls of Wooll among the Grass where the Natives had made a Fire it was the Spanish red Wooll which they bring out of India and very fine I brought it away with me and set the Greyhound at 3 of the large Beasts like Deer but they were too swift for him Night coming on I returned on Board at 7 a Clock this Night the Wind came to the North a fresh gale and hasey Weather no sight of the Pink to day I could see a long way on the Sea at 10 a Clock it rain'd and the Wind came to the South-East Friday March 4. Fair Weather this Morning the Wind at East a fine gale I went ashore and filled fresh Water the rest of the Seamen fitted rigging this day at 12 a Clock I went with both the Boats and forty Men to Seal-Island into the Harbour every Man with his Staff and Club we landed drove the Seals up together beset them round and in half an hours time killed four hundred young and old striking them on the head kills them presently as soon as they were knocked down we cut their throats that they might bleed well whilst they were hot then loading both the Boats with them I carried them to the Bay where the Tent was landed and laid them upon the Rocks to Night the Boat fetch'd them all off the great Male Seals are as big as Calfs and resemble a Lion in their shaggy Necks Heads and Faces as well as in their Roar the Females are like Lionesses before only they are hairy all over like a Horse and smooth and the Male is smooth all over his hind-parts their shape is very deformed for their hind-part tapers till it come to a point where grow two Fins or Feet two more grow out of their Breast so that they can go on Land a great pace and climb Rocks and Hills of a good height they delight much to lie and sleep ashore some are very large upwards of eighteen Foot in length and thicker about than a But in the Bilge and excessive fat there are