a Grob but we soon made him yield his Prize to engage with us which they did briskly for Two hours striving to board us casting Stink-pots among us which broke without any Execution but so frighted our Rowers that we were forced to be severe to restrain them they plied their Chambers and small Shot and flung Stones flourishing their Targets and Darting Long Lances they were well Manned in a Boat ten times as big as our Barge and at least Sixty fighting Men besides Rowers we had none to manage our small Gun the Gunner running away at Goa after Sluts in Brothels One of the Factors undertaking it was blown up by a Cartrige of Power and squenched his Cloaths a-flame in the Ocean so that they were fully bent to board us but they rising to come in we all this while having sculked under their Targets discharged our Blunderbusses which made them sheer off never to come near us again after which we chased them they flying afore us The Spectators of this Encounter were the Dutch Chief and Governor on the Shore They caress us ashore at Vingula and a Ship of a dozen Guns in the Road by Three we came a-shore with slight Hurts but cried up mightily by the People who are continually infested by these Pirats without any Resistance The Dutch receiv'd us at their Factory very kindly whose House is handsomely seated a Mile up a Shallow River except at Spring Tides when lusty Ships may come up it is built upon Arches Geometrically by the present Chief in the Figure of a Roman T all of Solid Stone it is Trenched with a Square Trench and defended by a Platform of Two Great Guns on every side and Two Great Bulwarks bearing Smaller Guns at the Two Corners of the House the Front is Italian Fashion passing to it over a Draw-Bridge at Night we walked into the Town part of it lately destroyed by the Syddy where was a Buzzar and a neat Choultry of the Dutch's and beyond a Garden watered by a Fresh Stream where we bathed After Supper they treated us with the Dancing Wenches and good Soops of Brandy and Delf's Beer till it was late enough We went next day to the Governor Monuments for Women burnt alive with their dead Husbands who Complimented us highly he is under the Tyrannical Government of Seva Gi where all Barbarous Customs are exercised and here it is permitted the Women not only to burn with their dead Husbands but here are many Monuments raised in honour of them Et certamen habent laethi quae viva sequatur Conjugium pudor est non licuisse mori Ardent victrices flammae pectora praebent Imponuntque suis ora perusta viris A shame 't is not to die they therefore strive Who may be fam'd to follow him alive The Victor burns yields to the Flame her Breast And her burnt Face does on the Husband rest Which Custom if we believe Tertullian is as old as Dido on a generous Account not by constraint as these are mostly said to be Dido profuga in alieno solo ubi regis nuptias ultro aptasse debuerat ne tamen secundas expeteretur maluit è contrario uri quam nubere The Famous Dido driven a Stranger into another Country was courted by the King which one would have thought she should willingly have entertained rather than to refuse a Second Marriage on so hard Terms as to burn her self alive for fear of polluting her self thereby which shews that Virgil in his Account of that Lady killing her self for Aeneas was a Fiction more to his own Credit than hers At Hubly in this Kingdom are a Cast called Linguits who are buried upright whose Wives when they have a mind to accompany their Husbands into another World are set in the same Pit with them covered up to the Shoulders with Mold who after Ceremonies performed have their Necks wrung round and the Pit filled up with Earth immediatly Our Factors having Concerns in the Cargo of the Ships in this Road Return from Vingula to Goa loaded two Grobs and departed I leaving them to prosecute their Voyage I put in at Goa again and in Captain Gary's Baloon rowed round the Island over against Goa where the Industry of the Portugueze Ancestry is worthy of our commendation in securing their Land both from Water and their Enemies by strong Banks and necessary Block-Houses Seva Gi possessing all against it called Norway famous for Curtisans Hence I went to the King's Yard The King's Yard viewed where lay half a Score Galeons fitted for any Expedition in these the Best Fidalgos think it no scorn to go Commanders it being the only thing they can serve their Country in these are they they send out with their Caphalas to convoy them when they return with Corn either from the North or the South when every Cabesso de Squadroon has Two or three Royal Galleys under him that wear the Arms of Portugal in their Ancients only and the Admirante Vice Admirante and Captain-Major wear the King's Flag aloft as well as a Stern The best of these carry no more than Eight or Ten Small Pieces and the rest fewer over all these there is a Generalissimo both by Sea and Land who is John Corea de Saw Incited daily by New Wonders The Industry of the Portugal Ancestry I intended to inviron the Island of Goa which is circled by High and Strong Walls with Flankiers on every winding of the River besides Four or Five lusty Block-Houses commanding the whole Work a thing of vast Compass and Expence striking through the heart of the Island which is altogether near Thirty Miles in Circumference the Wall parting it in the half We passed as far as to the Fort of St. Lawrence which is placed conveniently to command the Mouth of the River from Marmagoun Bay we endeavoured farther but Wind and Tide prevented us wherefore thinking it more facile to enterprise it on the other side we deferred it till another day All the Land about Goa is divided into Islets it lying in the heart of them Whereupon the next day that lay fair for our Design we came over the Bar and sailed with a favourable Wind into Marmagoun Bay on the right part of it were many pretty Caves or small Bays in one of whom rode near twenty Grobs loaden with Cocoe-Nuts Cair Salt and Salt Fish Beyond it half a League an Islet of Emanuel Lobos fortified and maintained in despight of the State till lately reconciled From hence we parted to Old Goa on the main Island of Goa A well weighed choice of an Harbour which with its various Creeks and Bays makes up the left side or Cod of the Bay pointing out in the middle of Nos Segnior de Cabo it lying short between Marmagoun and the Agoada which makes the Mouth of the Bay to be reckoned from the Head-lands or Out-guards some Three Leagues over and Nos Segnior de Cabo a
Fingers Rings of the same Metal Seemingly fearful of a White Man as are their Children who are much troubled with the Navel-Rupture Hernia umbilicalis Their Children troubled with the Navel Rupture either from the Windiness of their Food or Ignorance of their Midwives in cutting the Navel-string when they design to make the Boys good measure which succeeds in these for their Penis is of the larger shape The Wives are very obsequious to their Husbands seldom stirring abroad doing the Drudgeries of the House They dress Fowls very well Their way of killing Fowls c. but kill them very barbarously pulling first their Feathers off to the Wings then by degrees raise the Skin after which Torture they as slowly cut their Throats till they have finished a short Litany which is the Priest's Office if at hand otherwise the Good Man of the House says Grace they butchering their Goats in as Jewish a manner Their usual Diet is the Fruits of the Earth Their Diet. not caring much for Flesh though they have great store of Pullen Goats and Kine which last but small and not very good Meat their Fat cleaving to the roof of the mouth not so big as our Welsh Beasts yet have this peculiar a Bunch of Fat betwixt their Shoulders which eaten tastes like Marrow Their Pasture Their Corn. for want of Agriculture rather Reeds than Grass they have Rice in the Low-lands and a Pease called Garavance On the Sand near the Sea grows semper vivum maximum from whose Juice comes Aloes the best from Succotra Here grows Cow-Itch in abundance and all sorts of Saunders which the Seamen cut for firing to bring aboard Want of Asses Mules and Horses Destitute of Asses Mules and Horses but that want compensated by a richer Commodity Ambergreece for which the Arabian is the greatest Merchant and Sharer Fowls for Game they have several Fowls for Game the best of which is the Guinney Hen Turtle Doves Crows with white Breasts Buzzards and Bats bodied like and near as big as a Weasel with large Wings wove upon strong Gristles They have a sort of a Jackanape they call a Budgee A Budgee the handsomest I ever saw Honey and Mullasses they have good store Having thus taken a Survey of them Their inveterate Hate to the Mohelians one would think Ambition banished hence and that Discord should have little countenance from Subjects so alike contemptible Such is the growth of that Seed that no Ground comes amiss to it Here where neither Care nor Toil is burthensome are they vexed with continual War by their opposite Neighbour the Mohelian whom formerly they used to engage on Planks at Sea casting Stones and Darts since by a better Instinct they have provided themselves of securer Vessels and as at this time devising greater they adventure with better force and in shrewder Battels beginning to enquire after Swords and Guns with the first of which the English do supply them For which and a former Courtesy of a Vessel sent them to land some Men on the Enemies Coasts proceeds their more than ordinary love for the English How these behave themselves in War or with what Discipline is not in me to tell Some Marks of their Valour many of them bear about them as the Badges of their greatest Honour who have their Limbs distorted or Flesh beaten in What the ground of these Feuds are we cannot learn unless the bad Influence of some malignant Planet or else that Make-bate of the world whose greatest business is Contention should insinuate it into them The Arabian Lords of each do strive to reconcile them which if they do for a time it breaks out again in open War And probable it is that these Animosities have rendred them liable to the Subjection they are now in whose very Islands else with an united Force of Stones and Arms to bear them were able to defend them Four days being spent in this sweet Wilderness We are called aboard to set sail our Admiral by firing a Gun and loosing his Fore-top-sail summoned us aboard CHAP. III. Declares our Course from Johanna to our landing at Mechlapatan A Fresh Gale and a fair Wind soon set us once more to the Norward of the Equinoctial We repass the Equinoctial Line accompanied with soaking Showers Thunder and Cloudy Weather which with the continuance of the Winds did us a kindness for following the heels of the Sun we were got within Twelve Degrees of him when we sailed into the Indian Sea East North-East the Maldive Islands being South-East the Red Sea West North-West and the Arabian North by West without labouring under that irresistible Heat we did before by reason of which adjunct Heat the Rains however became intemperate not but that they mitigated the Heat in actu tho as to its effects it proved more virulent impregnating the Air with a diseased Constitution whereupon we had many hung down their Heads About the third Degree of North-Latitude we lost sight of the Magellanian Clouds and the Crociers The North-Star is raised again and raised our Northern Polar Director Having 8 deg The Maldivae Islands 53 min. North Latitude we left the Sun to run his Race to the North and steering East to raise our Longitude we fell into a Channel between the Maldivae a Concatenation of Islands from the Equator hither and here only parted by this Channel the rest of them lying scatteredly to the 10th deg of North Latitude which makes us lye by a-nights signified by One Light out of the Main-Top of our Admiral which he always carries at Night and another out of the middle Lanthorn on the Poop answered by all the rest with one at the same place for fear of falling foul of them the Weather continuing wet dark and tempestuous After which we shaped our Course East South-East Near Ceilon when the Admiral fired a Gun spreading St. George's Flag in the Mizen-shrowds for a Consultation knowing we began to draw near Ceilon an Island in the East-India Chap. III. divided from Cape Cory by Ptâ—lomy Comory by our Modern Authors by a narrow swift and unnavigable Current where the Flemings have nested themselves in the Portugals Castles at Columbo Point de Gaul and elsewhere so that if at all we are to meet with them hereabouts they commonly having a Fleet of Ships in these Seas We out of necessity are forced to make this Land and were it peaceable Times should sail all along in sight of it till we came upon the Coast of Cormandel Wherefore our Commander returning on board after assigning every one his Post to be ready on any surprize he found a Chearfulness in all to obey him Here two Whales A Couple of Whales A Fright occasioned by a mistake in the Night bigger than the former shewed themselves In the dead of the night a lamentable Outcry was caused by some of our Men on the Forecastle who looking out
thought they had seen a Rock with which these Seas abound whereupon they cried out A Breach a Breach which made the Mates leap out of their Cabins with the same grisly Look as if going to give up their last Accounts Here was Doomsday in its right Colours Distraction Horror and Amazement had seized on all one commanding this another acting quite contrary the Breach surrounding us every one expected the fatal stroke when the Ship should be dashed in pieces In this Panick Fear had any had so much heart as to have ventured a Composition for his empty Noddle by looking over-board he might have discovered the Jig For at length it was evident that only a Chorus of Porpoises had taken the Sea in their Dance which Morris once over the Seas were quiet and our Men left to repose themselves with a shorter Nap than they thought themselves like to have Five days after our Summer Solstice we had soundings 14 Fathom and at break of day had sight of Ceilon when we altered our Course to East North-East it bore from us North by West 12 Leagues the out-out-Land low but rarely enriched with Woods of Cinamon from whence only it is brought The View of Ceilon This is the Island where if true the Elephants are bred Ceilon has the best Breed of Elephants who transported exact Homage from all Elephants of other places and they withal by prostrating as it were their Necks between their Feet submissively acknowledge it At Nights we stood off to Sea to escape the insidious Rocks The Terrhenoes a-days we made for the Land to gain the Land Breizes which are not felt far off at Sea by reason of the Constancy of the Trade-Winds They begin about Midnight and hold till Noon and are by the Portugals named Terrhenoes more North they are more strong and hardly give way to the Sea-Breizes which sometimes succeed the others twelve hours but not always on this Coast Two Days passed after we made Land we discovered three Country Junks a-head and coming up with them we commanded their Skippers on board Three Country Junks examining their Cockets they produced English Passes the Masters of two of them being Portugals the other a Moor from whom was taken a Packet of Dutch Letters Their Crew were all Moors by which Word hereafter must be meant those of the Mahometan Faith apparell'd all in white on their Heads white Scull-caps their Complexions tawny Their Junks had three Masts wearing an East-India strip'd Ancient and might contain an 100 Tuns apiece They managed their Sails but aukwardly and are unskilful in Maritime Affairs wherefore in any long Voyage they employ Europeans to navigate their Vessels Coasting along Cattamarans are Logs tied together to waft off their Goods some Cattamarans Logs lashed to that advantage that they waft off all their Goods only having a Sail in the midst and Paddles to guide them made after us but our Ships having fresh way we were unwilling to tarry for them besides at that instant we espied under the Shore a mighty Vessel with her Yards and Top-masts lower'd but they continuing to follow us the Anne lay by for one of them who affirmed that a Fleet of 24 Sail of Batavians were passed to retake St. Thomas from the French The East-India Merchant and Antelope by this were up with Vessel under shore who proved to be a great Junk of the Moors Overagainst where she rode a fair Pagod or Temple of the Gentus beleaguer'd with a Grove of Trees excepting that it was open towards the Sea cast a Lustre bright and splendid the Sun reverberating against its refulgent Spire which was crowned with a Globe white as Alabaster of the same tincture with the whole Nearer the Point we descried a Town Sandraslapatan on the Main in which a Castle over-awing it and upon the highest Pinacle Dutch Colours which high Noon gave us to be Sandraslapatan a Factory of theirs our Staff having as much as together with the Sun's declination made 11 deg 50 min. North Latitude but 10 Leagues to the South of Fort St. George where our Commanders were to touch first according to their Charter-Party Whereupon we put abroad our Jacks Resolved to fight the Flemings Ancients and Penants and running out all our Guns it was unanimously consented to fight our way through the Flemish East-Indians had we not seen a Mussoola hailing our Admiral which came off with Advice from the Agent This Afternoon therefore we lay by the Admiral calling a Council aboard him and at night our Mercury was waited on towards the Shore by the Bombaim All this while we lay in sight of Sandraslapatan whose Soil is Fat and Opulent like their Netherlands The View of Sandraslapatan The next day we saw a French Man of War and he us but would not trust us Saw a French Man of War We knew him to be French by our Intelligencer who laid us out his Station where he had encountred five Batavians and discomfited them This Day 's observation made 30 m. Dismissed the Junks to the North of Fort St. George We were beating now against the Wind which blows fiercely from the Shore and a strong Current which had set us 14 deg 20 min. North in three days time when the Junks we compelled with us hither had the liberty to make the best of their way for the Bay of Bengala for which the Winds served them well enough though full in our Teeth who laboured for the Land However Met the Freshes caused by the Rains in four days time we met with the Freshes off the Shore caused by the Upland Rains The Sea despising to defile its purer Azure with their Muddy Green The same Antipathy was held betwixt the lively Fishes and their slimy Brood they intermixing with such unfriendly Concord for playing in whole Shoals about the Edges they would not exceed the Limits the jarring Torrents had won upon each other So the fierce Tigris in his swift Career neglects the scorned Arethusa and she with the like disdain retaliates his unkindness neither Stream mixing either Fish or Water Thus quartering this Sublunary Globe Having quartered the World we Anchor at Mechlapatan out of Europe into Africa from thence cruising on the Coast of Brasil upon the American Seas till joining with the Ethiopick we double the Cape of good Hope into Africa again at last we came in sight of the Asian Shores and the latter end of June we cast Anchor in Mechlapatan Road which was composed of Shoals and Deeps where we found three Portugal Ships riding Our Fleet expressed their joy by the roaring of the wide-mouth'd Cannon and the sounding of the shriller Trumpets which the English Factory welcomed by displaying their Flag being allowed no Ordnance but what they privily plant for their own security as being under the Tutelage of the Natives as also are the Portugals and Flemmings who each have here their Staples so in
one of the four biggest Islands in the World viz. Sumatra Java St. Lawrence and Britannia The most traded Empories here are St. Augustine on the Island and Mosambique on the Main frequented by the Portugals for Elephants Teeth Gold Camphire and Ambergreece Why we creep in between this Island and the Main Is to borrow from the Land-briezes assistance against the general stated Winds settled for these Months between the Cape and this Island The Sea here takes the Name of Oceanus Orientalis The Eastern-Sea beginning from the Cape till it joyn with the Indian Red and Arabian Seas Here it was we had a notable Fish stretched its self along our sides for the space of an hour Some called it a Grampos but those that pretended skill would have it a young Whale It might be in length forty Feet and upward bolting out of the Water with a great Surf the Mouth large but not responsible to so large a Body the Form whereof was a Pyramid inverted the Basis of which from Gill to Gill near five Feet in breadth the Conus terminating with a narrow Snout where his Mouth opening he suckt in a huge quantity of Water and with that same eddy his Prey which he retains within his Jaws but spouts the Water out with the same spurting noise our Engines make and as immense an heighth from an hole in his Neck opening after the fashion of a Mouth or Slit at the performance of which Action it contracts its self into an Orbicular Figure and again dilates its self in its Diastole The Back is of a dark Gray without Scales A Whale sixteen Feet over leaping as other Fishes but in a more Majestick manner moving but slowly whereby we had the sight of his Head and Neck first all one Rock and as impenetrable it being proof against the Prongs of the sharpest Harping-Iron his whisking Tail last near which a ridge of Fins the true mark of Distinction for a Whale The extreme part of his Tail extended is very broad and finny which is the Rudder to this great Leviathan wherewith and two Fins more proceeding one from each side he guides himself through his watery Territories May had now began We follow the Sun when making after that glorious Charioteer the Sun we were once more spirited with milder Weather the Mariners casting off their wet Cloaths cared not for any more than would slightly cover them We being in sight of five Small Islands off St. Lawrence for fear of the Tides driving them on shore Lost sight of S. Lawrence some of our Ships anchored by which lingring we lost two of our Companions for two days but we steering something West and lying by a-nights to prevent falling on St. Christophers and Juan de Novo both Low Lands they had time to reach us Being becalmed it was the middle of the Month before we lost sight of St. Lawrence The day after we had Meoty on our Larboard Bow bearing North-East 20 Miles High Land The View of Meoty At Night we had sight of Mohelia The View of Meoty Johanna and Meoty together The View of Mohelia The View of Mohelia The View of Johanna The View of Johanna The watering place bore S. S. E. from the Shore The Peak or 3 Cables one mile and a half high The History of Jehanna THE Morning following we came under the Westward part of Johanna Arrival at Johanna where opposed us a lofty Ridge of Mountains one of which advanceth its aspiring Head up to the towring Clouds Over against which lies the Island called Mohelia at the same distance Calice is from Dover the better Island of the Two though not so big nor quite so Mountainous it being more plentifully as 't is said stored with Provisions but not furnished with so safe an Harbour for Ships as Johanna The only difficulty here being the Weathering the Point in which notwithstanding several Ships have been driven off to Sea not being able to recover the Island again the Winds descending in desperate Gusts drive them into the Trade-winds which here commence again But our Ships were blest with better success and came all safe to Anchor under a Lee-shore which sufficiently protected them from the Winds by the highth of the Mountains A Blessing not to be passed by without a grateful Commemoration when half the Fleet were disabled by Distempers acquired by Salt Meats and a long Voyage without Refreshments and must have suffered too for want of Water had not they met with a seasonable Recruit The first care then was to send the Sick Men ashore Care of the Sick which it is incredible to relate how strangely they revived in so short a time by feeding on Oranges and Fresh Limes and the very smell of the Earth for those that were carried from the Ships in Cradles and looked upon as desperate in a days time could take up their Beds and walk only minding to fetch them anights that the Misty Vapours might not hinder the kind Operation begun on their tainted Mass of Blood by these Specifick Medicines of Nature's own preparing We had Leisure now joined to Security of the Dutch Situation of the Island for that no Ships from India can readily return this way into Europe at this time of the Year and the Hollanders after having touched at the Cape usually go first to Batavia before they coast India which gave us free leave to dedicate our selves to all the Pleasure this Place could afford which for its Excellencies may deserve to be called Happy as well as any the Ancients bestowed the Name of Fortunate Macaria or Foelix on It lies in 12 deg South Latitude Longitude 62 deg 4 min. It is one of the Islands of Africa though lying in the Eastern Sea yet because the Coasts of Africa extend themselves to the Line on this North side of the Cape we must take these Adjacent Isles in the same Account On the South-East lies Meoty North-West Mohelia and North-East Comero all Four Colonies of the Moors or Arabians or at least in subjection to them But to return to Johanna The Inland inaccessible the innermost part we suppose to be fruitful by what the Verge of it declares for to be satisfied in that Point would be hardly worth the while the Mountains requiring more pains to conquer than would quit cost they being altogether inaccessible or their Passages unknown to us The Relation therefore to be expected The Circuit must be of that lies lowest and nearest the Sea The Circuit I imagine to be almost an 100 Miles all along which it is variously cast into Hills and furrowed into Vales as it Nature had plowed them on purpose for encrease The outwaâ—t Coat of which is embroidered with Thamarind Palmetto from the Tree distills a Wine intoxicating and an Oil medicinable externally applied to Bruises Strains c. It yields also some store of Pine Apples Ananas growing on Shrubs
St. George's Flag it bore from us one League West low-Low-Land St. Thomas one League and an half South-West High-Land behind it North Lat. 12 deg 30 min. Long. from the Lizard 96 deg East CHAP. V. Gives a true Narrative of the English Chap. V. French and Dutch on the Coast of Coromandel continuing till we double the Cape for the Coast of Malabar I Went ashore in a Mussoola a Boat wherein ten Men paddle the two aftermost of whom are the Steers-men using their Paddles instead of a Rudder The Boat is not strengthned with Knee-Timber as ours are the bended Planks are sowed together with Rope-yarn of the Cocoe and calked with Dammar a sort of Rosin taken out of the Sea so artificially that it yields to every Ambitious Surf otherwise we could not get ashore the Bar knocking in pieces all that are inflexible Moving towards the Shore we left St. Thomas which lies but Three Miles to the South of Maderas Went ashore in a Boat called a Mussoola and Fort St. George in the midway Maderas River in great Rains opens its Mouth into the Sea having first saluted the Banks of Fort St. George on the West Towards the Sea the Sand is cast up into a Rampire from whence the fluid Artillery discharges it self upon us and we on the Shoulders of the Blacks must force our way through it Though we landed wet the Sand was scalding hot which made me recollect my steps Rowed by St. Thomas and hasten to the Fort. As it looked on the Water it appeared a Place of good force The Outwork is walled with Stone a good heighth thick enough to blunt a Cannon-bullet kept by half a dozen Ordnance at each side the Water-gate besides an Halfmoon of Fire-Guns At both Points are mounted twelve Guns eying the Sea Maderas and St. Thomas under these in a Line stand Pallisadoes reaching from the Wall to the Sea and hedge in at least a Mile of ground Landed are well wetted at Fort St. George On the South side they have cut a Ditch a sufficient depth and breadth to prevent scaling the Wall which is a quarter of a Mile in length afore it meets with a third Point or Bastion facing St. Thomas and the adjacent Fields who suffer a Deluge when the Rains descend the Hills From this Point to the Fourth where are lodged a Dozen Guns more that grin upon Maderas runs no Wall but what the Inhabitants compile for their Gardens and Houses planted all along the River parallel with that that braces the Sea From the first Point a Curtain is drawn with a Parapet beneath it are two Gates and Sally Ports to each for to enter Maderas over the Gates five Guns run out their Muzzels and two more within them on the Ground Over all these the Fort it self lifts up its Four Turrets The Fort described every Point of which is loaded with Ten Guns alike On the South-East Point is fixed the Standard the Forms of the Bastions are Square sending forth Curtains fringed with Battlements from one to the other in whose Interstitiums whole Culverin are traversed The Governor's House in the middle overlooks all slanting diagonally with the Court. Entring the Garrison at the Out-gate towards the Sea a Path of broad polished Stones spreads the way to pass the Second Guard into the Fort at an humble Gate opposite to this one more stately fronts the High-street on both sides thereof is a Court of Guard from whence for every day's Duty are taken Two hundred Men There being in pay for the Honourable East India Company of English and Portuguez 700. reckoning the Montrosses and Gunners The Streets are sweet and clean Neat Dwellings ranked with fine Mansions of no extraordininary Height because a Garrison-Town though Beauty which they conciliate by the Battlements and Tarras Walks on every House and Rows of Trees before their Doors whose Italian Porticos make no ordinary conveyance into their Houses built with Brick and Stone Edifices of common note are none The Portugals have a Chappel except a small Chappel the Portugals are admitted to say Mass in Take the Town in its exact proportion and it is Oblong The true Possessors of it are the English The English Masters of that Place instated therein by one of their Naiks or Prince of the Gentues 90 years ago 40 years before their total subjection to the Moors who likewise have since ratified it by a Patent from Gulconda only paying 7000 Pagods yearly for Royalties and Customs that raises the Mony fourfold to the Company Sir William Langham Agent whose Agent here is Sir William Langham a Gentleman of Indefatigable Industry and Worth He is Superintendent over all the Factories on the Coast of Coromandel as far as the Bay of Bengala and up Huygly River which is one of the Falls of Ganges Viz. Fort St. George alias Maderas Pettipolee Mechlapatan Gundore Medapâ—llon Balisore Bengala Huygly Castle Buzzar Pattanaw He has his Mint and Privilege of Coining the Country Stamp is only a Fanam which is 3 d. of Gold and their Cash twenty of which go to a Fanam Moreover he has his Justiciaries to give Sentence but not on Life and Death to the King's Liege People of England though over the rest they may His Personal Guard consists of 3 or 400 Blacks besides a Band of 1500 Men ready on Summons He never goes abroad without Fifes Drums Trumpets and a Flag with two Balls in a Red Field accompanied with his Council and Factors on Horseback with their Ladies in Palenkeens The English here are Protestants Diligence of the Fryers the Portugals Papists who have their several Orders of Fryers who to give them their due compass Sea and Land to make Proselytes many of the Natives being brought in by them The number of English here may amount to Three hundred Number of English and Portugals of Portuguez as many Thousand who made Fort St. George their Refuge when they were routed from St. Thomas by the Moors about ten years past and have ever since lived under protection of the English Thus have you the Limits and Condition of the English Town Let us now pass the Pale to the Heathen Town only parted by a wide Parrade which is used for a Buzzar or Mercate-place Maderas THEN divides it self into divers Long Streets City of Maderas and they are checquered by as many transverse It enjoys some Choultries for Places of Justice Visited a Pagod or Heathen Temple one Exchange one Pagod contained in a square Stone-wall wherein are a number of Chappels if they may be comprehended under that Classis most of them resembling rather Monuments for the Dead than Places of Devotion for the Living one for every Tribe not under one Roof but distinctly separate though altogether they bear the name of one intire Pagoda The Work is inimitably durable the biggest closed up with Arches continually shut as where is supposed to
Years Of the growing Power of the French at Sea that stirring King Lewis the XIVth who was well instructed first by Mazarine and since having been no bad Proficient under so expert a Master has made himself to be taken notice of in Europe by his Conquests and Attempts upon Flanders and the Low Countries by Land and has also by his Foreign Expeditions acquested the World's admiration by his speedy Growth in Maritime Power Insomuch that at his Infant Entrance upon the Watry Stage he was so audacious to join with the Belgians agâ—â—nst his Royal Patron of Britain having his Ends of those he pretended to succour his wary Policy taught him another Lesson that caused him to mediate a Triple Alliance About which time enjoying full Coffers Twenty Sail of French Ships under a Viceroy he ruminated on â—reat Designs as the raising an Army against Spain to the same intent it was necessary for him to think of the continuing a Supply of Money He therefore omitting other ways of enriching his Exchequer put in a Stock with his Merchant-Adventurers fitting out a Fleet of Twenty Sail of lusty Ships to settle a Trade in India committing them to the Charge and Conduct of a Viceroy who coming safe about the Cape touched at St. Lawrence wherâ— they did but little besides burying their Viceroy and dispatching four Ships into Europe In the stead of the Viceroy deceased the now reigning succeeded From thence they sailed to Surat where the Great Mogul endowed them with Immunities of Traffick Sixteen arrive at Surat In the mean while a second War betwixt England and Holland was fomented War with Holland in the which the French threw off the protecting the Dutch and sided with his Majesty of England When neglecting his newly hatch'd Factory at Surat whether out of it s not answering his expectations or his earnestness in prosecuting the Hollanders by Sea as well as by Land may be known by those that are more intelligent in his Affairs at Home sense of Honour obliged his Fleet in the East-Indies to New Adventures and want of Money the Merchants at Surat to Trade upon the Credit of the French King With fourteen Sail of Ships they roved on the Coasts of Malabar The French take Trincomalaâ— from the Dutch and at last came to the Island Ceilon setting upon the Dutch at Trincomalai and forced it but being destitute of Provisions forsook it after the loss of abundance of their Men and four of their Ships From whence they passed along the Coast of Coromandel St. Thomas from the Moors and with Ten Sail came before St. Thomas demanding Victuals of the Moors but they denying they brought their Ships to bear upon the Fort and landing some â—mall Pieces they stormed it driving the Moors to the search of new Dwellings After they had taken it Fortify it they broke up their weather-beaten Vessels and brought ashore their Ordnance keeping their Trenches within and mounting it with the Sea without they still maintain it maugre all the great Armies the King of Gulconda has sent against it Till now the 18th Month of its Siege Dutch come against it and the fourth year of their leaving France the Dutch of Batavia in revenge of the Inroads the French have made on their Countrey at home undertaking to waâ—lay them that no Sustenance might be brought to them by Sea came against it with 20 Sail 15 Men of War great Ships some of 72 Brass Guns apiece well mann'd For all that The Viceroy by a Stratagem brings in his Ship the Viceroy who had then been gone out with four Sail but returning alone got betwixt them and the Fort with his single Ship in the Night The Device this He left his Light upon a Catamaran so that they thought him at an Anchor without them when the next Morn he play'd upon them from under the Fort This Exploit and the bruit of our Approach made them withdraw to the Southward for â—â—esh Recruits of Men and Ammunition Which gave the French encouragement to sally out upon the Moors they before being beaten from their Works near the City The French sally out upon the Moors had decamped Seven Miles off St. Thomas and with an handfull of Men pillaâ—ed and set fire to their Tents foraging the Countrey round about returning loaden with Spoils Three days after our Ships departed The Dutch appear again the Batavians came again and cast Anchor over-against St. Thomas with their Flags flying in the Afternoon they received some Shot from the French Fort and the Ships that lay in the Road The next day all but five weighed who tarried not many days before they followed the rest to Policat a Strong hold of theirs but 50 Miles North of us Where we leave them to the landing 700 Men to join with the Moors by Land and their Ships to wait upon ours upon their repair for Fort St. George And at a distance because too near an Intrusion would but exasperate the enraged Moors to enhanse the Price of our Curiosity we will take a Survey Of St. Thomas IT is a City that formerly for Riches History of St. Thomas Pride and Luxury was second to none in India but since by the mutability of Fortune it has abated much of its adored Excellencies The Sea on one side greets its Marble Walls on the other a Chain of Hills intercepts the Violence of the inflaming Heat one of which called St. Thomas his Mount is famous for his Sepulture in Honour of whom a Chappel is dedicated the Head Priest of which was once the Metropolitan Bishop of India and for a Tree called Arbor Tristis which withers in the Day and blossoms in the Night About this Mount live a Cast of People St. Thomas Christians one of whose Legs are as big as an Elephant's which gives occasion for the divulging it to be a Judgment on them as the Generation of the Assassins and Murtherers of the Blessed Apostle St. Thomas one of whom I saw at Fort St. George Within the Walls seven Churches answer to as many Gates the Rubbish of whose stupendious Heaps do justify the truth of what is predicated in relation to its pristine State The Builders of it were the Portugals The Confounders the Moors who surprized them wallowing in their Wealth and Wantonness The present Competitors are the French who are very unlikely to keep it not for want of Valour but for that few and unprovided are not able long to resist multitudes the Moors and thirdly the Hollanders whose Interests are to destroy the French in India Which the French foreseeing had wisely solicited a Truce with Gulconda and had hopes of that King 's complying till the Arrival of the Dutch when they could not be heard For considering a Kindness extorted not so obliging as that freely offered and his Honour attainted by their Swords being still in their hands he closed with the Hatred of the
's meer depression of Air should be ascribed to her Monthly Revolutions And here one thing may be worthy our Curiosity That after the Seasons of the Heats and Rains the Rivers Indus and Ganges are said to swell their Banks and thereby abundantly to encrease the Bordering Countries where these Rains are less frequent Whence it may be some insight may be had for the Overflows of Egypt which has set so many Wits on the Tenterhooks where it is reported it never rains But in the Countreys near the supposed Sourse of Nile it does to Excess But you who have greater Reading and Leisure to digest these Metaphysical Notions will mightily oblige me to furnish me with your solider Arguments Among which I would intreat you to consider the Variety of the Loadstone in the common Chart For what the incomparably Ingenuous Des Cartes has wrote on that Subject acquiesces only in modest Hypotheticks not any ways informing the Understanding to a clear Apprehension but after he has brought it through the Maze of Probabilities he parts with it at the same Predicament it entred Not to deviate any longer The Tail of the Elephant we are now winding about the South-West part of Ceilon where we have the Tail of the Elephant full in our mouths a Constellation by the Portugals called Rabo del Elephanto known for the breaking up of the Munsoons which is the last Flory this Season makes generally concluding with September which goes out with dismal Storms Yet so good is Providence Water-Snakes as to warn us here when all is obscured by Water-Snakes of our too near approach to the Land which are as sure Presages on the Indian Coasts as the Cape-Birds are there Here the Mountains running East and West The difference on the Malabar Coast the Winds are to the East of the South and to the West of the North else quadrating with those on Coromandel only here in April and May the Winds are variable and then they hasten to leave these Coasts for Persia the Red-Sea and South-Seas or those make in that are to return hither otherwise they run an hazard of losing their Voyage when the South to the South-East Wind is fixed which continues to the latter end of September or beginning of October Then from the North to the North-West sets in again and this Course is observed mostly on all the Indian Shores only some few days different in the beginning and ending which happen to the South and in Lands commonly earlier than to the North and break up later when they are more severe but the Intervals are milder the middle Months clearing up in the day time but from the first setting to the going out towards the North the Sun hardly shews his Face unless a Fortnight after the Full Moon in May and a Fortnight before the Elephanto On the Coast of Surat from Gemini to Libra A Rejoinder of the Seasons This happens in the Sun 's Ecliptick Road. On the Coast of Coromandel from Taurus to Scorpio And thus much may be said in general only the Land and Sea-Breezes in particular on this Coast of Surat and Malabar when the Rains are over keep exactly Land-Breezes from Midnight to Mid-day and Sea-Breezes from the Noon of Day to the Noon of Night Making Land we beheld it all a Flame they burning their Stubble for Soilage Small Birds drove to Sea the Forerunner of the ensuing Rain notwithstanding a King fisher flew aboard us with the flattering Coaks's of Halcyon days but like an unskilful Augur was deservedly reproached with the Ignorance of her own Destiny to dye in Captivity which fatal Necessity made her elect rather than suffer with whole Flocks of little Birds blown from the Main who not able to stem the boisterousness of the Winds were hurried thence to perish in the Sea And now we were begirt with Land the Maldivae Islands lying South Cape Comerin North and by West the Malabar Islands West whose Inhabitants have no relation with those on the Coast whence is brought great quantities of Ambergreece Ceilon c. The Land our Master took for a Malabar Island proved a mistake Land-lock'd betwixt Ceilon and the Cape for by a strong Current we were lock'd in between the Island Ceilon and the North East side of the Cape within that desperate Canal we before described Our Error was first corrected by some Fishermen busy at their Nets Strange colour'd Fishes who brought aboard plenty of Fishes all new to us who never had seen such coloured ones some gilded like Gold others with Vermilion varied by several Intermixtures Whilst we were lost in admiration our Mates found themselves no less at a loss in their accounts when they understood they were drove 30 Leagues to Leeward of the Cape by the broken Portugueze spoken by these Men and that we could not sail much farther than Tutticaree a Portugal Town in time of Yore where they had a Citadel and two famous Churches and before us which was the Lure a Ketch of the Dutch's which we chased for hopes of Prize was sailing to that Port and presently after anchored We were then in seven Fathom Water This is the place where they drag Pearl All along here the Top of Gates is seen above the Clouds The Mountain Gates the Ground beneath it Fair Low and Sandy Tutticaree is now in the hands of the Dutch Tutticarce our danger here running the same Risco with Columbo over-against which it lies we being now in the very Jaws of our Enemies might have here concluded our Voyage had their Fleet been nigh us The next day we were becalmed and thereby carried into the midst of the Stream and although in the Afternoon we had an humming Frisco it ran with such Violence that we lost more than we gained This Mistake cost us a Fortnights time before we could compass the Cape besides Fears and Jealousies both of our falling into the Torrent and our Enemies hands The Cape lanches into the Sea with Three Points running into a Campaign several Miles together till it grows big with Mountains procreating their prodigious Race 400 Leagues severing the Coast of Coromandel and Malabar East and West Latitude 8 deg 50 min. North Longit. 96 deg Eost Cape Comeri The Taprobanum of Pliny over-against the Prâ—montorium Celliacum Cape Comeri CHAP. VI. Views the Malabar and Canatick Coasts up to Bombaim TO prevent the mischief of ingulphing again by the Current A dark Night enlighten'd by Fish we anchored a-nights when a Pitchy Blackness was interposed betwixt us and the Skies and not a Star to be seen The Plebs Squammosa beneath the Surface of the Salt Ocean gathering their little Fry which proved to be Pilchards either by the Repercussion of the Saline Bodies of the Waves which is frequent or by the more apt Position of their Glittering Scales through that Medium to refract the hovering Light benighted in the Atmosphere
the next Morning between two Islands we saw sculking Six Malabar Proes waiting their Booty but making use of their Oars as well as Sails soon outstripped us The Day after we came to an Anchor at Onor Onor the first Land we touched on the Canatick Shore the Land Hilly and Barren which I went to see it is in 13 deg 10 min. North. We passed to it through a narrow Bite which expatiates into a wide Swallow and then thrusts us up the River On the North side a Bow and Arrow Castle overlooks it while it runs peaceably to the Town Where we landed the Dutch had a House and a new Junk lanched with her Colours furl'd One end of the Town stands in an hole over a Rocky Hill stands the other part upon which the Castle with its Stone Wall faces an Heath a great way yet looking asquint on the Under-woods It is built after the exact Rules of Ancient Fortifications with a Drawbridge and a Mâ—at round now a dry Ditch the Castle without Soldiers falling to decay It was built by the Portugals seized by the Canareens by the help of the Dutch between whom and the Portugals the Town of poor Buildings is divided Many of the Natives have receiv'd the Christian Faith Though those that continue in their Paganism are the most impiously Religious of any of the Indians being too too conversant with the Devil The Nairoes have no footing here nor have the Moors much They live in no diffidence of one another nor Strangers of them journeying among them without a Guide in Broad Roads not in By-Paths as in the Nations properly called the Malabars They have well-constituted Laws and observe them obediently From hence we came to Mirja in the same Dominions At Mirja the Protector of Canora came aboard I went to view the Place the Boat that carried me was Brigantine built At the Entry into the Harbour only a Rock withstands the Washes but on the Shore huge craggy Mountains are drawn up for a second Onset all of Black Stone yet somewhat undermined by the beating of the Sea where it works its self into a Syrtes on the other side of which the Fragments of the Town are shelter'd At my Landing one of their Princes was the first that welcomed me ashore who here as well as in Italy scorn not to be Merchants he was seated under a shady Tree on a Carpet spread upon the Sand and his Retinue standing about him he it seems was expecting the Protector of Canara the Raja being in Minority who came anon with his Lords and Guards armed with Swords and Gantlets Partizans adorned with Bells and Feathers as also were the Horses that carried his Luscarry or Army with such Trappings as our finest Team-Horses in England wear He ventured off to Sea to see our Ships His obstreporous Musick he was rowed by a Gang of 36 in a great deal of Pomp his Musick was loud and with the Kettle-drums made a Noise not unlike that our Coopers make on their Hogsheads driving home their Hoops He went aboard two or three Ships who entertained him with their Guns and Chears of their Men presenting him with Scarlet Cloath He is a Gentile as are his Subjects Our Lading here was Pepper Our Lading Salt-Petre and Beetle-Nut for Surat In our way from Mirja we met with a Man of War Pink commission'd from the President for the scowring these Seas which had 22 Guns and seventy odd Men the Name The Revenge Near Carwar is the Island Angediva Fam'd for the Burial of some Hundreds of our Countreymen Carwar was the Chief Port of Visiapour on this Coast Carwar the Chief Port of Visiapour now in the hands of Seva Gi. but a Grand Traytor to that King Seva Gi is now Master of it and the adjacent Countrey as far as Guzerat having well nigh forced our Factory and done other Outrages on us which would ask our Fleet a longer time to require Satisfaction if they were able than they could stay unless they would lose their Passage round the Cape of Good Hope and content themselves to winter at the Mauritius which all Ships that outstay their time are forced to For the Sun being almost at his Southern Solstice at his return he leaves a sharp Winter which we proved and adverse Winds in those Seas they lying without the Tropick which spurs them on for expedition What this Seva Gi is and the reason of his Usurped Power a longer Duration in the Countrey must declare who is every where named with Terror he carrying all before him like a mighty Torrent The Shore is Hilly and indifferent Woody near it Islets are scattered to and again The People partly Moors The People partly Moors partly Gentues partly Gentues under the King of Visiapour who was till this turbulent Seva Gi drove all into a Commotion a perfect Monarch hardly paying the Mogul Tribute when Duccan and Visiapour were united into one Kingdom Hence it is Hilly up to Guzerat though Gates hold on where the Coasts of Guzerat begin and outstretches them Fifteen Leagues to the Norward of Carwar lies Goa Goa the only place of consequence the Portugals retain of their first Discoveries The City lies up the River out of our sight on Shipboard though we could discern the River to be thwacked with small Craft without the Bar a great Carrack unrigg'd and on both sides the River Magnificent Structures The Soil Fat Level and fit for the Share many Miles together the Hills keeping a wide distance from them About two days after we passed Goa The Portugal Armado a Ship with a Portugal Flâ—g at the Main To-Mast Head weathered our Admiral and after seâ— what we were lay by for a Fleet of six more good Ships one 〈◊〉 and half a dozen Proes being their Northern Armado they fitting out one for the South also the one against the Arabs the other against the Malabars The beginning of December the North West Wind blew bitter cold upon us 〈…〉 and would hardly give the Sun leave to be Master in his own home though a Cloud in the day time ever since the Rains cleared up could hardly vapour betwixt him and the Earth At Nights we had hospitable Lights shewed us from the Shore Light-houses to mark out the Rocks which lye very thick along to intrap the unwary Pilot. In 17 deg Rajapour 20 min. North lies Rajapore a French Factory now formerly English Twenty Miles to the Northward Choul Choul a Fortress of the Portugals lay fair in sight And having the Latitude of 18 deg 40 min. North Bombaim opened its self the Tide being spent we came to an Anchor without the Bay not having our Bearings right and December the Eighth we paid our Homage to the Union-Flag flying on the Fort of Bombaim The BAY Is indented a vast Circumference Bombaim in which it is able to contain 1000 of the best Ships in Europe
the George a Ship our Agent had built in this Port I was rowed in one of their Boats till the Wind grew strong enough to Sail These Boats have been in use time out of mind the Keel is made of one piece of Timber and the Planks are sewed together with an high Prow and a low Poop The next Morning we had brought Loft on the left hand of the Island Kismash leaving a Woody Island uninhabited between Kismash and the Main At Noon we came to Bassatu an old ruined Town of the Portugals fronting Congo where we touched till the Turning of the Tide and the Sea-Breeze were forcible enough to deliver us to that Port where were Five Merchant Ships and Two Trading to Mocha for Religion Congo is something better built than Gombroon Come to Congo and has some small Adâ—antage of the Air and is about Twenty Leagues nearer the Mouth of the River Euphrates As upon Land we have observed the Fruit and all things flag for want of Rain A Dearth in the Water as well as on Land so we found the same Cry to respect the Sea for want of frequent Showers the Oysters neither bringing forth nor are any Pearls produced such Influence does common Fame allow the Heavenly Moisture to have in their Generation insomuch that little Choice is to be had and whatever is of any Value is very dear Here is great Plenty of what they call Ketchery a Mixture of all together or Refuse of Rough Yellow and Unequal which they sell by Bushels to the Russians who carry them over Land to Archangelo and disperse them through the Northern Coasts for Ornaments to their Furr Caps which being no Purchase I returned Sailing abreast of Kismash Come again to Bunder Abassee I put in at Loft the chief Place of the Island and loaded with Oysters which were the nearest our English I had yet tasted here are Creyfish Crabs Shrimps Place Soles and Smelts besides Mountains of Salt-fish for Sale From hence Gombroon is furnished with Wood where arriving we saw the Phaenix another English Ship on which before I embark I shall premise somewhat material according to my Promise of Pearls in general The Pearl is a Jewel supposed to be the Geniture of a Shell-fish called Margaritifer The Pearl congealed into a very fair transparent Diaphanous beautiful Stone which is the Partus or Birth of this Fish As concerning their Original and Conception there is some difference among Authors as betwixt Pliny and Anselmus Boetius and between them and Cardanus Pliny saith that they are conceived in Oysters by a certain Maritime Dew which these Fish and so likewise Scollops do at a Set Time of the Year most thirst after and according as the Heavens are more Cloudy or Clear in the time of the taking in of this Dew so they are generated more Fair or Obscure as may be seen in his Book where he speaks of those Pearls called Vnions and of the Shell-fish in which they are found lib. 9. c. 28. But this Opinion of Pliny concerning their Conception is not by Anselmus Boetius thought consentaneous to Truth For saith he I have taken out of these Shell-fish many Margarites and they are generated in the Body of the Creature of the same Humour of which the Shell is formed which Viscous Humour is expelled sometimes not always for the Fabrick of another Shell for whenever this little Creature is ill and hath not strength enough to belch up or expel this Humour which sticketh in the Body it becometh the Rudiments or beginning of the Pearls to which new Humour being added and assimulated into the same Nature by concreting and congealing begets a new Skin or Film for the former Rudiments the continual Addition of which Humour generates an Vnion or Pearl even as Stones are generated in the Gall or Bladder of a Man and after the same manner the Bezoar is generated in the Persian Goat Cardanus lib. 7. de Lapidibus saith It is a Fabulous thing that the Pearl should be generated by the Dew of Heaven seeing the Shell-fishes in which they are conceived have their Residence in the very bottom of the Deep That which is reported of them That they are soft in the Water and grow hard like Coral as soon as they are taken out is not true saith Boetius p. 84. For the first not only common Fame but common Experience avouches for the latter I know not why it may not be as probable as for an Egg newly laid to have the Shell harden'd as soon as dropped into the Air when before in the Ovarium it participated of a Slippery Tough Glewy Substance not otherwise to be supposed to come forth than by endangering the Foetus Vnions are so much the more esteemed It s Adulteration because they cannot easily be adulterated There are fictitious Jewels made of double Glass which being set in Gold Jewellers cannot discern from Pearl except they take them out Some will adulterate them with the Powder of the Shell of the Margarite and others with Chalk covered with Leafs of Silver and then anointed with the White of an Egg. Some adulterate them with the Powder of Pearl mix'd with the White of an Egg and dried and then polished but these will easily be discovered from the True by their Weight and Colour The Vnion is in Hebrew called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Its Names as Job 28. 20. And so the Word Gabish is interpreted by Rabbi Sevi Gerson It is also taken for Margarita 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 but in the Proverbs it is interpreted by Junius Carbunculi Prov. 11. If they be great they are called Vnions because then they are found single in a Shell If they be small they are called Margaritae many of which may be found in one Shell together In Greek they are called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 In Latin the great Pearls are called Vniones Margaritae simplicitèr Lucian calleth the Pearl Lapis Erithreus Arrianus Lapis Indicus Statius Erithreus Lapillus Virgil Bacca Bacca Conchea Pliny Vnio Câ—cero Margarita St. Jerom Granum maris rubri and others call it Perla The Germans call it Perlin In Italian Perle In Arabick Indostan Phursistan Sulu The Indians call them Moti in Malabar Mutu Letter V. The Lusitanians call it Aljofar which in Arabic sounds as much as Julfar the Port in Sinu Persico where the most excellent Pearls are caught The kinds of Pearl are no otherwise distinguished The kinds of Pearl but either first from their Greatness or Littleness that is either as they are Vnions or Margarites or Seed-Pearl and secondly as they are of transcendent Purity Beauty and Glory or Cloudy Reddish and so less beautiful The best are found in the Persian Gulph The Places where caught shared between the Persian and Arab they farming the Fishery yearly to those that bid most between the Island Ormus and Byran and were heretofore
grievous to Mankind I am J. F. The 25th Jan. our Ships setting sail then from Swally-Hole 1680-81 Yours LETTER VIII CHAP. I. Concludes with my Return to ENGLAND SIR LEaving the Affairs of India in the posture I have acquainted you Let. VIII I begin to think of returning to my Native Soil the Fleet here being ready to set Sail for England The Success Captain Cooly Commander Massenberg Captain Gladock Josiah Captain Owen At the same time Mr. Set Sall for England Rolt the late President took his Passage in the Josiah The Second of India Mr. Chamberlane in the Success as I took mine in the Massenberg Mr. John Child being removed from the Government of Bombaim to the Presidency which was the 19th of January in the Year 1681-82 Till the Twelfth of February we directed a Southern Course when about Two in the Morning the Moon suffered an Eclipse and in half an hours time was almost totally hid which endured till Four in the Morning In Four or Five days after about the Seventh Degree of North Latitude we met the Sun coming towards the North and passed him to the Southward when he often raised Vapours from the Sea to thicken the Air and obscure his Face which were as often poured down upon us we having here uncertain Weather sometime wet sometime calm though most an end according to Varenius's Position the Winds hold Easterly from the First of January till the End of July as far as Ascension and then turn Westerly We met hereabouts with a Tree bestuck with Sea-Shells which made us lie by a-nights for fear of the Chango's And now dreadful Thunders cause the Sea to tremble A Young Man lost Over-Board and Lightnings fly through the Heavens in frightful Flashes by reason of these alterations we went but slowly being but Ten Degrees Southward of the Sun on the First of March when a Southâ—East Wind favoured us with which sailing fortunately enoughâ—â— we were damped by a Mischance on one of our Young mâ—â— who going up the Shrowds to loose the Top-Gallons by the uâ— advised letting go of some Bowling was hoisted into the Main aâ—d perished the Ship having fresh Way and the Boats lying on Board they threw over several Planks and Vessels but he made no sign of contending with the Waves or Motion to save himself Wherefore it was judged he had his bane against the Ships side or some Gun in his Fall before ever he came at the Water and in this hurry we were presently carried out of sight so that he was left for desperate and given over as lost Before the Tenth of this Month We Sail on the Backside of S. Lawrence St. Brandon an Island on the East and Diego Rais to the South were passed by as also St. Maurice kept lately by the Dutch for no other end but to prevent others setling there as Mascarenas not far from it by the French for the same reason The day after the Sun was possessed of the Aequinoâ— we made the Tropick of Capricorn from whence the Platonists feign the Souls descend upon the Earth but more truly it declared that we drew near the Coasts of Africa for having hitherto measured a Southern Way almost directly we now incline towards the West having not more Meridional distance from Joanna than Nine Degrees but now we begin to bend our Course Westward which we should do in a strait Line were it not for St. Lawrence the outside whereof our Navigators always pass by homeward bound it lying Twelve Degrees South to Six and Twenty and an half which we suppose to be Three hundred Leagues West of us though here being a strong Current to the West itmakes our Judgment very unsteady however to make the Cape it is necessary to elevate our Longitude more than our Latitude which we did till we had made Fourteen Degrees West from our supposed Meridian of Joanna whereby we reckon our selves clear of the Island Madagascar or as the Portugals call it St. Lawrence when the East Wind failed us and the West blew hard upon us contrary to the assertion of the forementioned Author the Winds as we formerly Noted beyond the Tropicks being unaccountable for that they observe no Rule and hereupon it happened we were so long beating about the Cape and had been much longer had we not made for the Shore which we did about the middle of April when it is high Winter in these parts wherein we tried all Weathers the worst of which were Calms according to our English saying Worse is a Winters Calm By far than Summers Storm Which we suffered till we got under the Shore We Weather the Cape of Good Hope whence we were assisted with fine Briezes we falling first in with Cape d' Aguthas the low Land being bare and naked the high Land a Ridge of Mountains only gaping in one place from which the Portugals gave it the name d' Agutha or of the Needles Fifteen Miles Northward of it lies the Promontory called Cape Falso which we weathered in the Morning and afore Night did the like to the Cape of Good Hope which in respect of the Heavenly Position is 34 Degrees and a half South Latitude Longitude 47 in a strait Line from Joanna 1800 Leagues The Marks of this Promontory are agreeable to Sellier's Atlas It is inhabited by a Barbarous People called Hottentots As Nature designed their Looks deformed so they are untractable in Manners and harsh in their Voice these wind the Guts of Beasts Excrements all about their Necks both for Food and Ornament consenting to what Job Ludolphus Author of the Ethiopick Lexicon relates of the Abassinians under which Government if any they have this Region must be comprehended who says they prefer the Meat digested in the Maws of Beasts before the best Sallads supposing those Animals better at distinguishing the good Plants from bad than Men. Here in Soldania Bay the Dutch have a strong Fort for the same purpose we keep St. Helena to refresh and water our Fleet on their return home but these touch here both going and coming whereas ours put in at Joanna in their Voyage to India In these Seas are the Sea-Calves and Sun-Fishes the Nights are very cold and the Days are shortned near Two hours The end of April we lost sight of the high Tops of these Hills Land on St. Helena and in thirty and two Degrees South met with the stated South-east Winds when we left the Cape-Birds behind us daily depressing our Southern Latitude directing our Course full North-west being too often retarded by frequent Calms and sometimes contrary Winds a thing not known between the Tropicks till at last we made seventeen Degrees South when we altered our North Course to the West only for fear of out-sailing St. Helena which is a thing full of hazard and difficulty since the Season proved Cloudy though not Rainy yet often so Dewy that it wetted to the skin the supputation of
Staves and overspreading it a Scarlet Coverlet of London Cloath A Set of these Rascals who are eight in a Week's time with this Load shall run down their choicest Horses and bait them generously shall stage it a Month together For War Beasts for War and Food Elephants For to eat Sheep poor fleeced rather with Hair than Wool their Aspect bewraying as much Goat as Sheep Goats Hogs low and black unclean to the Mahometans Cows sacred to the Gentues as Serapis to the Egyptians Conies Hares Reptiles Reptiles Snakes Serpents the Amphisbena and other kinds all which they pretend to charm carrying them up and down in Baskets to get Money of the People as well as Strangers when they strike up on a Reed run through a Cocoa-Shell which makes a noise something like our Bag-Pipes and the subtle Creatures will listen to the Musick and observe a Motion correspondent to the Tune a Generation of Vipers that well deserve to be stiled so knowing when the Charmer charms wisely Fowls of all sort belonging to India are plenty Fowls but chiefly tame Geese Fishes in abundance Fishes from whence the Town derives its Etymology Mechlapatan signifying the Fish-Town For Corn Corn. they have Rice the Staff of the Land some Wheat Fruits to variety Fruits The Water they drink they dig for The Water and Air bad not that they are without Rivers but they are brackish It lies in 15 deg North Lat. 40 min. From the Lizzard 96 deg East By reason of the Multitude of People and ill Site it is unhealthy though it agree with the Natives who live to a good Old Age. The English for that cause only at the time of shipping remove to Medapollon where they have a wholsome Seat Forty Miles more North. Rain they have none from November to May Rain when it comes causes Insects all which time the Land Breezes which blow one half the day off the Sea but faintly the other torment them with a suffocating Heat so that the Birds of the Air as they fly often drop down dead the Wind coming as hot as the Steam from an Oven by the reflecting of the Sun upon the Sands which are huried about the Marshes When they feel themselves freest from Sickness though all Perspiration through the Pores by Sweat is dried up From the beginning of May they are refreshed with cooling Showers which at length with the overflowing Sea cause an Inu dation in which space the Air growing foggy Empyema's and Fluxes are rifest and Swarms of Ants Muskeetoes Flies and stinking Chints Cimices c. breed and infest them This Season we experimented which though moderately warm yet our Bodies broke out into small fiery Pimples a sign of a prevailing Crasis augmented by Muskeetoe-Bites and Chinces raising Blisters on us To arm themselves against this Plague those that live here have fine Calicut-Lawn thrown over their Beds which though white as Snow when put on shall be in an hour besmear'd all over which might be tolerable did not their daring Buzzes continually alarm and sometimes more sensibly provoke though cloath'd with long Breeches to their Toes and Mufflers on their Hands and Face and a Servant to keep them from them with a Fan without which there is no sleeping Notwithstanding these provisions yet there is another Insect more disturbing than these and not to be escaped but by this Device and that is the Ant which creeps up to all their Quarters and between their Beds if the Bed-Posts were not set in Pans of Water to hinder their Progress Chinces stick among the Cotton and in rotten Posts whose bitings wheal most sadly and if they strive to take a Revenge for that abuse and chance to squeeze them they leave a stink enough to choak them The Air so bad here The Air better up in the Countrey that it agrees with few new Comers removing Three Miles up the Countrey it is an infallible Cure for the Diseases of this place provided it be done in time Where the English have a Garden for Divertisement where also is a Burial-place graced with Monuments both of Antique and Modern Workmanship Half a Mile beyond Twelve of the King's Elephants a Dozen of the King's Elephants are stabled When we came they were feeding out of their Houses on Sugar-Canes fresh gathered and administred by their Keepers Alighting from our Palenkeens they loosed one which was Fourteen Feet high and the Black clawing his Poll with an Iron Engine he stooped down for him to get up and being upon his Back guided him as he listed His Body is a Symetrical Deformity if I may so say the Hanches and Quarters clapt together seem so many heaps his Neck short flapping Ears like Scates little-Eye'd a broad Face from which drops his Proboscis or Trunk thrusting it out or shriveling it in as he chuses through its Hollow he sucks his Liquor and with two Fingers as it were reaches the Fodder shaking off the dirt against his Thigh or Vermin such as Mice which he abhors he brings it under to his Mouth from whence proceed two huge Tusks of Ivory for Defence not Mastication for which he is supplied within with others his Tail is curt He shuffles an end a great Pace moving all the Joints of his Legs though the Motion of his Hinder-Legs imitate Human Progression having a Patella or Knee-Pan afore not articulated behind as other four-footed Beasts are When he stands his Legs appear so many Columns scollop'd at bottom being flat-hoof'd The She 's have their Paps under their Bowels afore as Laurentius truly relates Their Modesty in ingendring has given matter for dispute though doubtless they perform it after the manner of other Beasts They are of a Mouse-Colour With their Trunks they strike a violent Blow and are taught to sling Iron Links to the destruction of their Enemies That they draw their weighty Cannon is certain but that they engage with smaller on their Back I am no Eye-Witness After a Month's Stay here Our Repair aboard Ship and coming to Fort St. George a Patamar a Foot-Post from Fort St. George made us sensible of the Dutch being gone from thence to Ceilon The Treasure was reshipped and we in less than a Week through contrary Monsoons and Ill Weather the Sun being in his Zenith and encountring the Dog-Star over our heads arrived there When sliding by four French Men of War at Anchor under St. Thomas of whom the Admiral the Brittoon was a Ship of 1200 Tuns 68 Brass Guns the second had 50 Brass Guns the other two were less and the Platform of the City mounted with Brass Pieces that slung their Shot an incredible way we against all probability found the Massenberg there The Massenberg given over for lost we found here having ventured alone and but the day before us came into the Road under our Fort there also rode two Portugal Junks The Colours the Fort shewed us was
Caun a good Soldier and a Patan 147 Burning Women with their Husbands a Custom as old as Dido 101 152 Butter is boiled to keep in hot Countries 118 C. CAlicut the See of the Zamerhin 54. Calicut less famous than reported by Travellers Ib. Calicut though it give the Name to Indian Cloth yet produces none 86 Camels Male lust after the Female forty days 298 Camel-Riders subject to a Gonorrhâ—â—a 108 Camelions feed on Flies 41 Canorein the Primitiâ—e Language of Indostan 162 Canoreens too conversant with the Devil 57 Canoreen a Fruitful Island 73 Capuchins at Surat 88 Caravan Ser Raws dedicated to their Saints 230 Minor Cardamoms grow only near Cutty-Cony 56 Carmelites eat no Flesh 150 Cash constantly turned amounts to the Credit and Profit of him so employed 83 Caspian Seâ— receives Rivers plentifully but makes no reciprocal Return 334 Castles inconvenient in the heart of a Kingdom 358. Castle of Rairee 79 Cattle feed on Thistles 316 Charms pretended to be laid on Aligators and Tygres 56. Charms admitted in Physick 114. Charms not having Success are imputed to the Iniquity of those they fail 116. Charms a pious Fraud of the Brachmins 118. Charms against Witchcraft 215 Chastisement brings a due sense of Crimes 164 Getting Children an Indulgence for Poverty 197 Chimneys not known 296 Christians Lions of the Sea 121. Christians turning Moors despised 138 Christianity prevented spreading on Worldly Concerns 75 Christ acknowledged more than mere Man 365 Chronology of the Persians ridiculous At Church Bath and Caravan Ser Raw no distinction 341 Chyrurgeons valued for making Eunuchs 393 Cinamon grows only on the Island Ceilon 23 Cities Safeguard lost the loss of Trade follows 140. Cities of the Portugals receive none a-nights besides Christians 74 From the Circumference to the Centre all things move by a Natural Tendency 339 Cleanliness next unto Godliness 200 Clouds of Sand 221 Coaches drawn by Oxen 68. No Coaches in Persia 292 Coats that are seamless worn by Rusticks whether the same our Saviour wore 297 Coco-Nut a-kin to the Palm-Tree 230 Cock-fighting 175 Cofferies govern in Duccan 167 Cold affects in Hot Countries 54. Occasioned 256 Coin in India the most refined in the World 98 Combating of several Europe Nations 119 Comedians usher in their Interludes with Taber and Pipe 376 Commerce ceases during the Rains 76. Commerce makes People Urbane 57 Commons Slaves in the East 167 Company whether best a National or Private Concern 65. Company 's Servants brook no Competitors 122 Complexions and Colours 197 198 Convents fuller of Men than the Garisons 156 Cornish-men have a Right to Trade to East-India 146 Corn trodden by the Moors with Oxen 194 Cotton-string Badge the Characteristick of a Brachmin 190 Courage conspicuous as well in Adversity as Prosperity 46 Cowardliness of 400 men 309 Cowards when Peril is far from them strike all with Lightning c. 32 Cow-dung the only Firing at Maderas 40 Cows held sacred 33 Cowis Caun Protector of Visiapour 175 Diversity of Creatures hath no other end but to represent the Divinity c. 44 Crime unpardonable to convert a Mahometan 276 Crow has an Enemy contemptible in Bulk in Revenge implacable 189 Custom more venerable than Science 69. Custom makes all things easy 231. Customs abated on account of defending Surat 87. Customs cheated if detected only Corporal Punishment not Loss of Goods 98. Custom of the Moguls never to go through with a Conquest 418. Customs of the Old World retained in the East 44 301. D. DAys and Nights equal almost between the Tropicks 186. Good and Bad Days taken notice of 131 Dan de Rajapore endures Fifteen Years Siege 173 Danger in travelling not feared 329 Dawn of the Day how varied 136 Dead Bodies burnt by the Genâ—ues buried by the Moors 33 Death to attempt the Discovery of their Women 31 395 Delight preferr'd before Security the ill effects thereof 172 Deluge possible Page 76 Dervises charged with Intriegues 392 Devotes morose 52 161 Devotion of the Heathens consists in washing and praying 101 Diamonds only cut Diamonds 113. Diamonds carried into Europe to be Set return'd to India make good Profit 89 Diseases contracted at Mechlapatan cured by timely removing up the Country 35. Diseases produced by the Alteration of Seasons 93 Disrepute attends ill success 51 Civil Dissentions the Ruin of the Indian Government 28 Don John de Castro pawn'd a Hair of his Beard which he redeemed at the Expence of all his Wealth 218 Dowry the Credit of the Affinity not Money 267 Dregs of the People submit themselves to the Devil out of fear 179 Drought the unhappiness of Persia 328 Drunkards Monarchs 91 Duccan the Bread of the Military Men 167 Dutch Policy in burning four Ships Cargoes of Spice 223. Dutch got into the Breach we made on the Portugals 88. Dutch demolish St. Thomas and restore our Prisoners 116. Dutch after twelve years besieging Goa forced to leave it at last 148. Dutch assist the Moors against the French 42. Dutch Interest to quell the French in India 43. Dutch engross the Spice-Trade 57 223. Dutch awe the Natives 51 Dying Persons laid up to the Chin to expire in their holy Waters 101 E. EArs stopt with the Fingers emits the Voice the stronger 145 Earthquakes frequent where Sulphur abounds 301 Easements made at set hours 33 Eating together a Sacramental Obligation 162 Eat nothing has life among the Gentues 33 Eating together among the Eastern Nations a great scruple 92 Ecliptick Course of the Sun creates the Seasons of the Year 11 229 Elephants Male mounted in State only by the Royal Family 29 Elephants imitate human Progression 35 Elephants generate as other Brutes 35â— Number of Elephants give Esteem to those that maintain them 96. How governed 35 Emanuel Lobos Rebel to the State of Goa 153 Emblems of Dominion and Justice 81 Emperors of Persia exoculate their Brothers 347. Emperors of India send their Kindred to the Post to be intoxicated by a Poysonous Drink 32. Emperors only in India allowed a Sumbrero 86. Emperor seizes young Girls for the Haram in Persia 276 Enemies not to be furnished with Weapons 70 106 English possessed of Bombaim after a long Debate of the Indian Portugals 63. Formidable to the Moors 62. Breed sickly Children 69. English privately befriend the French 43. English have a Right to the Customs in Persia 222. Neglect the Gulph of Persia 353. English Trade is chiefly in Calicuts 88 Entertainment in our Travels course unless provided by our selves 231 Envious Eye cast on Bombaim by the Dutch 70 Equilibrium as to Temperament 296 Eunuchs most in favour at the Court of Gulconda 28. Eunuchs Spies upon the Women 393 An Exalted Pitch of State a more conspicuous Confinement 263 Eye-sight lost by an hot Iron drawn over must not be recovered 347 F. FAkiers ungovernable 95 Family Government maintain'd 118 Feast of Ahasuerus continued to this day among the Persian Emperors 348. Feast truly Persian 259 Fidelity a rare Instance in a
Covetous Man 138 Fighting with Mountains harder than fighting with Men 171 First-Fruits exacted by the Emperor of Persia 248 Great Fish prey on the little as well on the Land as in the Sea 147 Rotten Fish cause a poysonous Stench 55 Fish and Fowl dedicated to Sacred Uses 259 Flattery odious in a Generous Spirit much encouraged 131 Flesh eaten as we do pernicious in East-India 82. Flesh more eaten on the Island Bombaim in a Month than in Surat in a Year 68. Flesh roasted peculiar to the English Nation 82 Flies cover the Table 30 Flying Fish 4 To Foot it through the City a sign of the greatest Poverty 361 Forbidden to burn the Wives with the dead Husband 109 Force without Counsel of no value 45 Foreign Ministers have a Respect equal to their Privy Counsellors 314 Founders pervicaciously vain-glorious 226 Franciscans touch no Money 150 Fraud performs what Force could not 173 Freemen the most Slaves 86 French bad Neighbours to the English 43 French force St. Thomas from the Moors 42 Friendship not suspicious 168 Frost at Surat 187 Friday set apart for the Moors Worship 95 130 Funnels to let in Wind to the Houses at Gombroon 222 Futurity not regarded 226 G. GAbers the Ancient Persians 265. Their Garb the same as those portray'd on the Walls of Persepolis 266 Instant Gain preferr'd before Glory or future Emolument 65 Ganges what esteem among the Indians 188 Gaot or Mount Sephir crosses the Continent North and South as the Taurus does East and West 124 Gardens idolized 330. Gardens granted by the King's Favour for Diversion 104 Garlick used in Lethargick Distempers 114 137 Garments shaken in token of Innocence 281 Gentiles scruple to kill their Neat yet make no Conscience to work them to death 143 Gentues had rather kill a Man than suffer a Beast to be led to the Stall 155 Geographers reckon Gates or the Gaot Mount Sephir 126 Georgians make the Infantry among the Persians as the Jarâ—zaries do among the Turks 284 359. Are Christians of the Greek Church 284 Gibralter the farthest Point South of all Europe â—â—3 Girls among the Armenians espoused aâ— soon as Christned to prevent the Emperor's Usurpation 276 Gizard of an Hobera good in an Asthma 318 Goa well seated 154 Goats from Carmania sent to endeavour a Breed on St. Helena 325 God infatuates those he will destroy 165 God's Decrees not to be known by us 373 Godliness not only the chief but fundamental of all other Virtues 367 Gold prevails more than Right 382. Gold though it grows not in India yet it stays there 112 Goods ill gotten thrive not 353 Government of India Tyrannical 194. Arbitrary 197. Government of Persia the most Absolute 251. Government of Seva Gi both Tyrannical and Barbarous 152 Governors ought to observe Laws 385 Governors expect large Gratuities to license Heathen Ceremonies 118. Governors of Castles confined within Limits 99 138. Governors in Fee with the Publick Notaries 140 Grandeur of the World momentary 266 Grapes without Stones 242 Greatness of the Portugals expressed by their number of Sumbreroes and Cofferiâ—s 74 Greek Church and Language abominated by the Armenians 283 Groves of Beetle-Nut Trees represent a Place of Worship 40 Gulconda its King how chosen 29. Aw'd by the Mogul 166 Gun cloathed with Scarlet that has made any notable Breach slain any great Soldier or done any extraordinary Feat 177 Gurgulets called so from the sound is made when Water is poured out of them to be drunk as the Indians do without touching it with their Lips 47 H. HAbits of the Armenian Clergy 275 Hands and Feet chief Instruments and so used among the Gentiles 113 Hatmakers adulterate Bevers with Carmania Wool 330 Harbour at Goa a fortunate and well-weigh'd Choice 154 Hawks of Muscovy in great esteem 291 Health not to be impaired but the Mind 〈◊〉 strengthned by a due subjection 280 Heathens admire their Brachmins foretelling Eclypses 109. Heathens in India hold the Antiquities of Pan Ceres and Flora 44. They are polled by the Mâ—gul 117 Heats unhealthy 76. Their ill effect remedied 235 Hâ—rnia Umbilicalis or Navel-Rupture 21 Hills of Red Earth 55 Hing used to correct a Windy Stomach 114. Cakes of Hing 239 Hobsies with their Swords able to cut down Man and Horse 147 Hodges or Pilgrims Holiness makes them proud 369. Lay Burthens on others and exempt themselves 319 Hogs unclean 34 Hollanders only carry Money from Surat 112 Holencores viliâ—ied for eating every thing and doing servile Offices 28 Holidays observed especially Sunday 186 Honesty of the Country People 251 Honours breed Emulation 140. Hopes of Honour being frustrated there can be no desire of Glory 356 Horse intomb'd 158. Horses have the Virtue of their Sires communicated to them 329. Used gently in the East 100. High-mettled 140. Not put to carry Packs Oxen being for that Service 34 118. Horses never gelded or cropped either Ears or Tails 118 Hospitals for Beasts 53 Hot Countries as they are bad for young and lively are good for Women and Old Folks 69 Hottentots mere Barbarians 422 Houses on Wheels 230. Houses of Office none at Goa they doing their Needs a-top of their Houses 156. House of Office kept cleanly 71. A piece of Courtesy to direct Strangers to them 71 Humanity turned into Avarice no Benefit 239 I. St. IAgo Natives thievish and cunning 9 Jasper Antonio Author of the Goa-Stones 149 Ice drank frequently pernicious to most Bodies 311 Idea of Religion as it is true or false so it happens there results a true Piety Superstition or Idolatry 387 Idleness makes Work 345 Jealousy the Overthrow of the Indians 27 Cause of Distraction Page 116 Jenneah the Imperial City of the Duccan Kings 139 Jesuits rich despise Government chief Traders 159 Jews wear a Patch of different Colour only at Lhor where the Caun has been a Pilgrim 277. Jews ripped open on suspicion of eâ—â— practice against the Emperor 315. Jews allow Dispensations to avoid the Inquisition 185 Ignorance the Mother of Devotion 44 Imaum Guardian of Mahomet's Tomb 220 Immunity from Customs granted Musselmen out of a Religious Fit 98 Immuring a Punishment for Robbers in Persia 243 318 Indians paint their Forheads to distinguish their Tribes 32. Idolaters eat only with their own Tribe Ib. Indostan has no Character to express its self in 191 Industry of the Portugals commended 221 Inflammation cured by the Butter of Gourds 242 Influence of the Climate 402 Innkeepers unprovided 341 Inquisidor the Chief Judge always a Dominican 149 Inquisition a terrible Tribunal 148. Called the Holy Office 155 Inquisitiveness into the Affairs of the Banyans revenged with Poyson 85 Intemperance the Cause of short life 69 Interest obliges to be faithful 167 Interloping destructive to the English Trade 86 Interpreters for Europeans are allowed each a Wine-press in Persia 224 Insects generated in every Plant 242 Johanna Natives simple and innocent 19 Their Infants have large Penes 21 Don John de Castro's Virtue Valour and singular Probity