be as antient as Gafoland however we find it in the German Saxon Laws Tit. 14. § 2. Tit. 16. This sort of Land and Alodium was the same with the Germans as appears by the Ripuarian Laws Tit. 56. de Alodibus § 3. While any of the Masculine Sex remains a Woman shall not succeed in the antient Inheritance Ll. Anglor Tit. 6. de Alodibus § 1. Haereditatem defuncti filius non filia accipiat The Son not the Daughter shall receive the hereditary Estate of his dead Father And § 5. Ad quemcunque haereditas Terrae pervenerit ad istum vestis Bellica i. e. Lorica debet pervenire The Habiliments of War went with the Land To whomsoever the Inheritance shall come the War-like Garment and Habiliments ought to descend likewise and § 8. After the fifth Generation the Daughter may succeed and then the Inheritance passes from the Lance to the Distaff This whole Title and Law seems to be concerning Feudal Lands ibidem Tit. 13. libero homini licet haereditatem suam cui voluerit tradere A Free-man may dispose of his Inheritance to whom he will Ll. Salic Tit. 62. de Alode § 6. de Terra vero Salicâ nulla portio haereditatis mulieri veniat sed ad virilem sexum tota terra haereditas perveniat No part of the Inheritance of Salic Land shall descend to a Woman but the whole Inheritance of the Land shall come to the Males Ll. Alaman Tit. 92. de haereditate c. § 1 2. Courtesie of England brought from Germany Si quae mulier quae haereditatem paternam habet post nuptum praegnans peperit puerum in ipsa horâ mortua fuerit infans vitus remanserit aliquanto spatio vel unius horae ut possit aperire oculos videre culmen domûs quatuor parietes posteà defunctus fuerit haereditas materna ad patrem ejus pertineat Et tamen si Testes habet pater ejus quod vidissent istum infantem oculos aperire potuisset culmen domûs videre quatuor parietes tum pater ejus habeat licentiam cum lege ipsas res defendere Si autem aliter cujus est proprietas ipse conquirat That is if any Woman which hath a paternal Inheritance after marriage bring forth a Child and dyes in Child-birth and the Child remains alive for some short space so as it can open its eyes and see the top of the House and the four Walls and afterwards dieth the Father shall enjoy the Mothers Inheritance and if the Father hath Witnesses which saw the Infant open the eyes so as it could see the top of the House and the four Walls then his Father had liberty to defend his Title by Law But if otherwise he may obtain it whose propriety it is This certainly is that which we call the Courtesie of England and which the Lawyers call Lex Angliae and Littleton in his Tenures Sect. 35. says this this Custom was used in no other Realm than in England only yet Sir Edward Coke upon this Author fol. 30. reports it to be used in Scotland and Ireland also Feudal Tenures from Germany We shall now further enquire after the Feudal Land and Tenures amongst the German Nations to whom 1 De Jur. Belli pacis lib. 1. c. 3. §. 23. n. 1. Grotius says they were proper and that they were no where to be found unless where the Germans placed themselves but besides this Testimony of Grotius they are often found mentioned in the German Laws by the name of Beneficia which as 2 In verb. Hottoman observes were the same with Feuda and Beneficiare the same with Infeudare or Feudum alicui tribuere Capit. Car. lib. 3. c. 71. Quicunque beneficium principis habet non pergit in exercitu honorem suum Beneficium perdat Whosoever hath a Fee from the Prince and goeth not forth in his Army shall lose his Honour and Fee ibidem lib. 1. c. 132. Omnes Episcopi Abbates Abbatissae Optimates Comites ceu domestici cuncti fideles qui Beneficia regalia tam de rebus Ecclesiasticis quam quae de reliquis habere videntur unusquisque suam familiam suo beneficio nutricare faciat c. All Bishops Abbats Abbesses great Men Earls or Domesticks and all Vassals that have Royal Fees as well of Church Lands as of others shall maintain their own Families and such as belong to them upon or with their own Fees c. again lib. 3. Cap. Car. c. 19 20. the Emperor takes notice that many of his Earls and other Vassals cheated him of his Fees by giving or granting the Propriety of them to others and then by purchasing them again in ipso placito in the publick Court acquired to themselves an Inheritance and in many other places there are provisions made for the ordering of these Fees or Beneficia And Vassi dominici comitum Ducis Episcoporum Imperatorum Regis and ad Marchiam custodiendam constituti are to be found in most of the German Laws Now 3 Hottom in verb. Feud in verbo Vassus was such an one as having received a Fee or Beneficium obliged his Faith to the Author or Donor of it and is indeed the same with Feudatarius and Beneficiarius The reason why in these antient times we find few Laws concerning Fees or Beneficia or that we want a just account of them is because the Feudal Law was then contained only in Customs 4 De feud disput l. 871. and usages and not written until the time of Frederick the First Anno Domini 1158. Radev invitâ Fred. 1 mi lib. 2. c. 7. n. 30. Yet somewhat before this time there is extant a notable Feudal Constitution of Conradus Salicus who 5 Wippo in vit Chunrad fol. fol. 423. n. 20. fol. 424. n. 40. was chosen Emperor in the plain between Ments and Worms in Germany and began his Reign Anno Domini 1024. amongst the Laws of the Longobards lib. 3. Tit. 8. L. 4. Conradus Dei Gratia Romanorum Imperator c. Praecipimus firmiter statuimus ut nullus Miles Episcoporum Abbatum Abbatissarum Marchionum vel Comitum vel omnium qui Beneficium de nostris publicis bonis aut de Ecclesiarum praediis nunc tenent aut tenuerint Conrades Constitution about Fees aut hactenus injustè perdiderint c. Conrad by the Grace of God Emperor of the Romans We command and firmly injoyn that no Miles Knight or Horse-man of Bishops Abbats Abesses Marquesses or Earls or of any which hold or have held a Benefice or Fee of our publick Lands or the Farms of the Church or have unjustly lost them as well our great Valvasores or Feudataries as their 6 Miles Vassallus Synonyma Hottom in verbo Milites or Vassals without a certain or evident fault shall lose his Fee unless according to the Custom of our Ancestors and the
and Dower [2.] Oblat 1. Johan m. 19. Fines for leave to Marry Robert Fitz-Roger gave 300 Marks for a Fine for Leave to Marry his Nephew to the younger Daughter of Hubert de Rie [3.] Rot. â—in â— Johan m. 9. William de Warenna gave 300 Marks for the Wardship or Custody of the Lands of Gilbert de Aquila and for the entrance into Farms Gersunna an Income is often found in Domesday as paid to the [4.] Gerv. Tilb. lib. 2. c. 13. Sheriff of the County who in these elder times stood charged in the Exchequer with the Kings Rents and Revenue all perhaps but the Oblata or Conventiones and some Fines or Mulcts that were charged upon particular Persons These were great Sums in the time of King John but greater in the Conquerors time And if we consider the frequency of these Payments most of the Lands in England being of this Tenure we must also think of the greatness of the Revenue arising from hence Also Penal Fines may be accounted part of this Branch John Earl of Warren had a [5.] Claus 3. Edw. 1. m 2. Penal Fines Fine of 10000 Marks laid upon him for assaulting and wounding Sir Alan Zouch and his Son in Westminster-Hall [6.] Claus 15. Edw. 1. m. 2. Hugh Despencer paid a Fine to the King of 2000 Marks for Marrying Isabell Widow of Patrick Chaworth Daughter of William Beauchamp Earl of Warwick without Licence Likewise to this Branch may belong all Forfeitures of Goods and pecuniary Mulcts for Crimes Murder not excepted which was then Penal * Gerv. Tilb. lib. 1. c. 23. Murder Penal and punished by a Pecuniary Mulct in some Hundreds it was 36 l. in others 24 l. according to the largeness of the Hundred all Fines and Pecuniary Punishments for Negligences Omissions Misdemeanors Trespasses Batteries Fightings Woundings c. which were all redeemed and satisfied by Penalties and Fines as well now as in the Saxon times and no Suits or very few Actions brought for them but when Actions began to be frequent for these things they still retained some shadow of the Kings Prerogative in them for in every Writ at this day wherein are these words Vi Armis by Force and Arms or Contra pacem Domini Regis against the Peace of our Lord the King if the Action comes to Trial there are some small inconsiderable Fines due to the King but whether ever paid into the Exchequer is a Question yet they are always levied by the Sheriff upon a Capiatur issuing out of the Office of that Name Money paid to the King to have Trials and Judgments Compositions or Money paid to the King to have Trials and Judgments in many Controversies which in these times were common and incident to the Tenure and Money paid for Liberty to sue and take forth Writs may be reckoned part of this Branch [7.] Obl. 2. Johan m. 14. Ebor. William de Stutevill gave 2000 Marks [8.] Hoved. fol. 456. b. n. 20 30 40. pro judicio habendo to have Judgment in the Barony of Frontebeof in a Controversie between him and William de Albany concerning that Barony which was determined by the Council of the Kingdom and Will of the King and Peace and final Concord made between them [9.] Rot. Pip. 2. Richard 1. Ebor. William de Latimer gave 100 s. to have a Trial at Law with Galfrid de Valoins who had possessed himself of part of his Park And many considerable Sums of Money I have met with given to obtain Writs in several cases in the times about and near unto the Conquest And this may be the reason why Glanvil so very often in â—his Treatise of the Laws and Customs of England hath these words Petens ac querens perquirit breve the Demandant or Plaintiff may purchase a Writ Hence 't is probable at first came the present usage of paying 6 s. 8 d. where the Debt is 40 l. 10 s. where the Debt is 100 l. and so upwards in Suits for Money due upon Bond. The last thing which may fall under this Branch were Tolls and Customs for Passage and Pontage Tolls and Customs for what paid Tolls and Customs for Liberty of Buying and Selling. Excise or Tolls and Customs upon [1.] Gervas Tilb. lib. 1. c. 21. Victuals and many other things Besides the ancient and greater Customs which are properly so called upon Merchandises This Toll for Liberty of [2.] LL. Ed. Con. c. 24. buying and selling for freedom of Markets and Fairs and protection in going to and coming from them was also in the Saxon times before the Conquest Therefore it was that Markets and Fairs were then kept and all things sold in good [3.] LL. Ed. Sen. c. 2. LL. Aethelst c. 12.13 Towns Castles and Ports only in the presence of the Magistrate of the place or Kings Officer And it was by Law Established in the [4.] LL. Will. 1. c. 61. No Markets but in Cities Burghs Castles c. Conquerors time that no Market or Fair should be permitted but in Cities Burghs Walled Towns and Castles where the Customs of the Kingdom the common Right of the King and Dignity of his Crown as they were Constituted and Established in the times of his good Predecessors might not be lost or violated [5.] Dav. Rep. fol. 12. b. Paid by all Nations Tolls were Originally imposed according to the value of things sometimes an eighth part sometimes a twentieth sometimes a fortieth and were ever paid by [6.] Ibidem Romans Brittains Saxons [7.] Lindinbr Codex LL. vet passim Tolls were farmed before and after the Conquest Germans and perhaps all other Nations After this rate in the Conquerors time they were of some value These were generally farmed both before and after the Conquest Yet Edward the Confessor kept in his own hands through all England these three Forfeitures as they are called in [8.] In Civit. Sciropesberie Domesday [9.] Domes fol. 1. col 2. Breach of the Peace Forstell viz. Cutting Cross Hedging or stopping up the Kings High-way and g Hein-â—are flight for Murder or perhaps taking away another Mans Servant [1.] Civit. Hereford in Domesday for every of which there was paid One hundred Shillings Crown Lands a third Branch of his Revenue A third Branch of his Revenue were Crown Lands being 1422 Maners [2.] Domesd in the several Counties or Lordships in several Counties besides several Farms and Lands in Middlesex Shropshire Rotelandshire in the last of which he had also 150 l. of Rent in white Money These with the (h) Escheats in general are taken in * Col. 1381. Gervase Tilb. for Reliefs Wardships and Marriage Fines also but more particularly they are interpreted as above written Escheats which were Lands and many times great Baronies forfeited to the King for (i) The word used in the same * P. 60. b. Author for Felony is Scelus
Gemeticensis lib. 8. c. 29. THE REIGN OF King Stephen KING Stephen was third Son to Stephen [1.] Ord. Vit. f 573. D. 574. A. An. Do. 1135. Earl of Blois by Adela the fourth Daughter to William the Conqueror his Uncle King Henry made him Earl of [2.] Ibidem King Stephen Married the Daughter and Heir of the Earl of Bologn Mortaign in Normandy and gave him many Lands and Honours in England by reason of which Advantages and Preferments he became the Husband of the Daughter and Heir of [3.] Ibidem Eustachius Earl of Bologn After the death of King Henry he made haste into England and was too quick for Maud the Empress She was Daughter to Henry the First her Husband Geofry Earl of Anjou and her Brother Robert Earl of Gloucester who were delayed for some time with the Business of Anjou and Normandy [4.] Hen. Hun. f. 221. a. n. 50. Tempting God he invaded the Crown notwithstanding he had Sworn Fealty to the Daughter of King Henry as Inheritrix of the Kingdom of England And William Arch-Bishop of Canterbury who first sware to be faithful to her All the Bishops Earls and Barons consent to the Coronation of Stephen notwithstanding their Oath to Maud and do him Homage Crowned him on the 22 d of December King Henry dying the first of that Month in Normandy All the Bishops Earls and Great Men that made the same Oath to Maud assented to his Coronation and did Homage to him At that time he took an Oath â— First That after the deaths of [5.] Ibidem f. 221. b. n. 30 40. Stephens Oath at his Coronation Bishops he would never keep Bishopricks void for his own advantage but presently consenting â—to Canonical Election would invest Bishops in them â— Secondly That he would not retain the Woods of any Clerk or Layman in his hands as King Henry had done who every year impleaded or vexed them if either they Hunted in their own Woods or if for their own necessities they stubbed them up â—or diminished them â— Thirdly That he would for ever Release Danegelt that is two Shillings an Hide which his Predecessors were wont to receive â—every year Gervase of [6.] Col. 1340. n. 10. Canterbury says That coming over in a swift sayling Ship the People of Dover repulsed him and the Inhabitants of Canterbury shut their Gates against him and that the Londoners with some Great Men received him with Honour where in Discourse between Stephen and some of the Chief Men of England about the Succession of the Kingdom in the presence of William Arch-Bishop of Canterbury he said The Arch-Bishop scrupled the Coronation of Stephen and how he was satisfied Anno Domini 1135. That by reason of the Oath he had made to Maud the Empress he dare not Crown any other One of the most powerful Men of England standing by sware he was present when King Henry voluntarily and in good Faith released that Oath Which being heard Stephen was Elected by almost all of them and Crowned by Arch-Bishop William on the 22 d of December A more true and full Account how this Man obtained the Crown may be seen in the Exact History of Succession f. His Title such as it was he procured to be confirmed by the Popes Bull which may be found in the History of Richard Prior of Hagustald Col. 313. n. 30. He found a vast Treasure that King Henry had left [7.] Malmsb f. 101. a.n. 50. King Henry left a vast Treasure with that Stephen raised and maintained an Army of Strangers One hundred thousand Pounds in Money and Gold and Silver Vessels of all inestimable value This drew to him very many Soldiers especially out of Flanders and Brittany besides the English which at present so Established him as neither the Duke of Anjou nor his Brother in Law Robert Earl of Gloucester thought fit to attaque him who after [8.] Ibidem n. 40. Robert Earl of Gloucester doubtful what to do Easter came out of Normandy into England Being very thoughtful what to do if he should submit to King Stephen and acknowledge him then he should go contrary to the Oath he had made to his Sister if he did not submit he could have no opportunity of doing any thing for the advantage of his Sister and her Children [9.] Ibid. b. l. 5. n. 10. He doth Conditional Homage to King Stephen All the Noblemen had very freely submitted themselves therefore he dissembled for a time and did Homage to the King upon Condition that so long as he freely permitted him to enjoy his Dignity and Estate he should be true to him In the same [1.] Ib. n. 10. A. D. 1136. The Bishops sware Fealty to him upon Conditions year not much after the coming of the Earl the Bishops sware Fealty to the King so long as he should preserve the Liberty and Discipline of the Church And then he gave them a [2.] Ibidem n. 20 30. His Charter chiefly to the Church and what he granted by it Charter by which he obligeth himself to maintain inviolably the Liberties Ancient Customs Dignities and Priviledges of the Church and that it should enjoy all the Possessions and Tenures it had the day his Grandfather King William died He gave also leave to Bishops Abbats and other Ecclesiastical Persons to distribute and dispose of their Goods before their deaths When Bishopricks were void he granted that they should be in the Custody of the Clerks or other good Men of the Church until it was provided of a Pastor The Forests which his Grandfather King William and his Uncle King William had made or held he reserved to himself such as his Uncle King Henry had made or superadded he restored to Church and Kingdom All Exactions unjust Customs and Practises he prohibited and Commanded the good Laws ancient and just Customs should be observed This [3.] Ibidem n. 40. He confirmed his Charter by Oath but never kept it Charter was granted at Oxford in the first year of his Reign Anno Dom. 1136. to the observation whereof he bound himself by Oath but as the Historian noteth kept it not for he [4.] Ibidem seized the Treasure of Churches and gave their Possessions to Laymen He turned out the Incumbents His usage of the Church and Church-men and sold them to others he imprisoned Bishops and forced them to alienate their Possessions Abbies he gave and sold to unworthy Persons But 't is there said These actions are not so much to be ascribed to him as to such as advised and perswaded him And Monasteries never to want Money so long as the Monasteries had it The first that gave him any considerable Trouble was [5.] Gesta Stephan f. 934. A. 936. D. Baldwin de Redvers fortified Exceter Castle against him yielded for want of Victuals Baldwin de Redvers Earl of Devonshire and Lord of the Isle of Wight he
Married [1] See here f. 291. C. D. Alianor Sole Daughter and heir to William Earl of Poicton and Duke of Acquitan about Whitsunday in the year 1151. after she had been lawfully divorced from Lewis the 7th King of France about the Close of Easter Preceding By [2] Chron. Norm f. 989. B Mat. Westm A. D. 1152. William whom he had William his Eldest Son born on the Octaves of St. Laurence or 17th of August in the year following 1152. before he was King This William Dyed in the latter end [3] Chron. Norman f. 992. B. of June or beginning of July 1155. and was Buried in the Monastery of Reading at the Feet of King Henry the First Henry Henry by the same Alienor was born at London on the day before the [4] Ibidem f. 991. lin 1. Kalends of March i. e. the 28th of February 1154. Mat. Westm says 1155. On the [5] Ibidem A. tenth of April following King Henry caused his great men of England at Wallingford to Swear Fealty for that Kingdom unto his first born William and after his Death unto this Infant Henry In August 1157 the two [6] Ibidem f. 994. A. and here f. 300. D. Kings of England treated of a Marriage between this Henry and Margaret Daughter of King Lewis by Constance his Second Wife Daughter of Alfonso King of Spain And the next year A. D. 1158. the [7] Mat. West A. D. 1158. Marriage was * See here f. 303. B. C. Solemnized or rather according to the same Author A. D. 1160. He Dyed without Issue Richard the Third Son by the same Woman was [8] Chron. Norman f. â—93 D. Mat. Westm A. D. 1156. born in September according to the Norman Chronicle A. D. 1156. Richard which could not be so if Mat. Westm writes true for he says his eldest Daughter Maud was born that year Richard married Berengaria Daughter to the King of Navarre [9] Radâ— de Diceto Col. 657. n. 30. whom his mother Queen Alianor carried after him to Sicily when he was in his expedition to the Holy Land and was married to her afterwards in the Isle of Cyprus but dyed without Issue According to Ralph de Diceto * Ibidem Col. 531. n. 20. he was born in the year 1157. at Oxford Geofry the 4th Son of the same King and Queen Geofry was [1] Chron. Norm f. 994. B born on the ninth of the Kalends of October or 23d of September A. D. 1157. or more truly according to [2] Col. 531. n. 30. Ralph de Diceto in the year 1158. He was by his Fathers Contrivance [3] See here f. 305. C. Married to Constance only Daughter and heir of Conan Earl of Britany and Richmond When he was killed he left her great with Child of [4] Walsingh f. 452. n. 30. Hov. f. 361. b. n. 10. which she was Delivered on Easter Day 1187. and he was named Arthur who was taken Prisoner in the year 1199. at Mirabell Castle in Normandy and as it was reported [5] Chron. Norm f. 1005. D. Walsingham ut supra f. 459. lin 5. A. D. 1203. killed by his Uncle John with his own hands This Geofry had also a Daughter named Alianor only Sister and heir to this Arthur she was sent by her Uncle King John into England and imprisoned where she Dyed in the [6] Mat. Paris f. 574. n. 40. John year 1241. in the 25th of Hen. III. a Virgin John the fifth and youngest Son of this King and Queen was [7] Genealog Histor f. 81. Mat. Paris f. 127. lin 6. born at Oxford on Christmass Eve in the year 1166. Their Daughters MAud the eldest [8] Rad. de Diceto Col. 531. n. 20. born A. D. 1156. and was Married to Henry Duke of Saxony [9] Hoved. f. 282. a. n. 40. in the year 1164. Alianor the Second Daughter was [1] Rad. de Diceto Col. 533. lin 6. born in the year 1162. and was Married to Alphonso [2] Hoved. f. 317. a. n. 50. King of Castile in the year 1176. Joan the Third Daughter was [3] Rad. de Dicet Col. â—39 n. 30. born in the year 1165. she was Married to William [4] Hoved. f. 315. a. n. 10. King of Sicily in the same year 1176. His Base Issue WIlliam [5] Dugd. Baron Tome 1. f. 175. Col. 1.2 Longespee or Long-Sword so named from the Long-Sword he did usually wear begotten of fair Rosamund Daughter of Walter Lord Clifford To whom [6] Ibidem Hoved. f. 436. b. n. 50. King Richard his half Brother gave in Marriage Ela the Daughter and heir of William Earl of Salisbury and with her the Earldom Geofry another Base Son was Born of the same Lady he was Bishop Elect of Lincoln from the [7] Hoved. f. 307. b. n. 10 20. f. 348. b. n. 30 40. year 1174. to the year 1181. without being in Orders or Consecrated when he renounced his Election by the Kings Advice and the Popes Mandate to the Arch-Bishop of Canturbury That he should Either take Orders and be Consecrated or renounce And then the King gave [8] Ibidem f. 349. a. n. 10. him his Chancery dedit ei Cancellariam suam and 500 marks of Rent in England and as much in Normandy Morgan was also reported to be a Son of this King Henry but by what woman not Known to whom his Brother Geofry then Arch-Bishop of York gave the Provost-ship of Beverly [9] Ibid. f. 468. a. lin 1. A. D. 1â—â—2 Praeposituram Beverlacensem Gaufridus Eboracensis Archiepiscopus Dedit Morgan fratri suo filio Henrici Regis â—t Dicebatur THE REIGN OF King Richard I. AFter the Funeral of his [1] Hoved. f. 373. a. n. 10. Father Richard secured Stephan de Turons of Tours or as Mat. Paris Stephan de Turnham Seneschal of Anjou and loaded him with Irons until he delivered the Castles and Treasure of his Father The Castles and Treasure of his Father delivered to Duke Richard which he had in his Custody and squeezed him to the last Farthing Then he came to Roven where Walter Archbishop of that Place in the presence of the Bishops Earls and Barons of Normandy girt him with the Sword of that Dukedom on the 20 th of July He is girt with the Sword of the Dukedom of Normandy A. D. 1189. and the Day after he received the Oaths of Fidelity or Fealty from the Clergy and Laity à Clero Populo And on the 3 d Day which was thâ— 22 d of that Month he met the King of France between Chaumont and Trie in Vâ—uxin Francois in which Treaty [2] Ibid. n. 20. he Demanded of the Duke the Town and Castle of Gisors with the Country about it who unwilling to part with that Fortress added Four Thousand Marks in Silver to the Twenty Thousand his [3] See here f. 349. lin 1. he pays
much Barly and Wine accordingly And an hundred Gally's armed with their whole Furniture and Victuals for the Mariners or Gally-men for two years All these things he Claymed as heir to his Father King Henry to whom King William had devised them on his Death bed Tancred [8] Ibid. n. 10. What Tancred gave to him by advice of his wise men gave him 20000 ounces of Gold in lieu of his Sisters Dower and 20000 to be Quit of his other Demands and for a Marriage to be contracted between Arthur Duke of Britany King Richards Nephew and his Daugther And upon Executing the Charter of Peace between them [9] Ibid. b. n. 50. Tancred gave him other twenty thousand ounces of Gold to be free from all his Questions and Demands whatsoever And that for Tancreds greater security he should [1] Ibid. f. 386. a lin 2. n. 10. write to the Pope and give him an Account of their Agreement which Epistle bare [2] Ibid. 40. A. D. 1190. King Richard declares his Nephew Arthur his heir if he dyed without issue date at Messina November 11th wherein he Declares his Dearest Nephew Arthur his next Heir if he dyed without Issue This year Dyed [3] Ibid. f. 390. b. lin 5. n. 10. The Death of Robert Earl of Leicester Ranulph Glanvill and Baldwin Arch-Bishop of Canturbury Robert Earl of Leicester in Romania going to the Holy Land and Ranulph de Glanvill Dyed at the Siege of Acon and then and there also Dyed Baldwin Arch-Bishop of Canturbury and left Hubert Bishop of Salisbury his Executor who performed his Office faithfully and Distributed his Goods according to his Desire In the month of February King Richard sent his Gally's from Messina to Naples for his Mother [4] Ibid. f. 391. b. n. 10 20. Queen Alienor A. D. 1191. and Berengaria Daughter of Sanâ—â—us King of Navarre whom he was to Marry They came through France and Iâ—aly to Naples over Land Not long before this time There happened in [5] Ibid. A great Dissention between the Chancellor John the Kings Brother and other Noble men England great Dissension between the Chancellor and Earl Iohn the Kings Brother and the other great men of the Land and it came to such an height as they all wrote to the King Concerning the State of his Kingdom and the Grievances the People susteined by the Chancellors Government who sent from Messina [6] Ibid. n. 30. Walter Arch-Bishop of Roven and William Marshal Earl of Striguil Commanding his Chancellor [7] See Append n. 73 74. A. D. 1191. The Chancellors haughtiness That all things in the Kingdom should be done by the advice and assistance of the Arch-Bishop of Roven and the joynt undertaking and Direction of William Marshal Geofry Fitz-Peter Hugh Bardolf and William Bruer When they came into England they dare not deliver him the Kings Letters for he Despised all the Kings Mandates and would have no Peer or aequal in the Kingdom On the first of March King Richard [8] Hoved. ut supra n 40 50. went from Messina to Catania another City of Sicily 60 Miles from it to visit Tancred where he staid three Days and at his Departure they presented one another with Gifts Tancred brought him on his Journey toward Messina and before they left one another he gave him a Letter he had [9] Ibid. f. 392. a. lin a. n 10 20.30 The Treachery of the King of France to King Richard discovered by Tancred received from the King of France by the Duke of Burgundy in which he told him the King of England was a Traytor and would not keep the Peace he made with him And that if he would set upon him in the Night he would assist him with his Forces and Destroy the King of England and his Army To whom the King of England said he was not had not been nor would be a Traytor And that what Agreement he had made with him he would observe it so long as he Lived And that he could not easily believe the King of France would send him such a Letter To whom King Tancred Answered That if the Duke of Burgundy denyed he gave him those Letters from the King of France he was ready to disprove him by one of his own Dukes The King at his return to Messina mightily Estranged himself from the King of France who inquiring into the reason of it King Richard let him Know by the Earl of Flanders That he had received such a Letter and the Contents of it and let the Earl peruse it The King of France was silent for a while and then said the pretended Letter and Lye was a Trick of King Richards to get rid of his Sister Alice whom he had Sworn to Marry and threatned that if he did Leave her and Marry another Woman he would be his Enemie so long as he Lived The King of England [1] Ibidem King Richard refuses to Marry the King of France his Sister Replyed he could by no means make â—is Sister his Wife because his Father had Known her and begotten a Son of her and produced many Witnesses to prove it And the matter of fact appearing to the King of France to be so By the Advice of the Earl of Flanders and others of his great men a Composition was made between them The King of France was to acquit him of his Oath and Agreement hâ— had made concerning his Sister Alâ—ce and King Richard was to pay him in five years time 10000 Marks The difference between the Kings of England and France composed whereof he paid him 2000 down and was to deliver Gâ—sors and what else the King of France had given in respect of the intended Marriage and then he was at Liberty to Marry who he pleased and the Agreement further was That by his Chart the King of France Granted The Duke of Britany a â—eâ—â—aâ—aâ—ie to France That the Dukedom of Britany should for ever belong to the Dominion of the Duke of Normandy and that the Duke of Britany should always be his Man or Feudatary and should answer all things to him as to his Liege Lord. And that the Duke of Normandy should answer to the King of France for both Dukedoms and so they were made friends and the Agreement confirmed by their Oaths and Seals with the Addition of many Witnesses On the 30 th of March [2] Ibid. n. 40 The King of France with his Army arrives at Acon the King of France Sayled from Messina and two and twenty days after arrived at Acon with his Army The King of England staid there with his Army after his Departure and the very Day he set Sayl Queen Alienor came thither with Berengaria and the [3] Ibid. n 50. King Richard sends to the Pope to confirm and Consecrate his Brother Geofry fourth day departed toward England and went by Rome and by her the King sent to the
July following he returned again to Court and was reconciled to the King upon the payment of 2000 Marks About this time [3] fol. 815. n. 10. Ethelmar's Election confirmed by the Pope The Pope's unreasonable Message to to King Henry Ethelmarus the Kings Brother by the Mothers side was by the Pope approved of and confirmed in the Bishopric of Winster At the same time the Pope sent to the King to make a yearly allowance of 500 Marks for the maintenance of the Duke of Burgundy's Son a Young Child This year Wales was [4] fol. 816. n. 10. Wales receiveth the English Government and Laws wholly subdued and received the English Laws and that part of it which Borders upon Cheshire was committed to the Government of Alan de Zouch who answered to the King 1100 Marks by the year About this time [5] fol. 817. n. 50. fol. 818. lin 1. The Pope violateth his own Indulgence granted to the English the Pope sent [5] fol. 817. n. 50. fol. 818. lin 1. The Pope violateth his own Indulgence granted to the English John de Camecava his Nephew and Chaplain into England with Letters to the Abbat and Convent of St. Albans commanding them to confer upon him the Parsonage of Wendgrave or any other Benefice that belonged to their Patronage if desired by the above Named John when it became voyd notwithstanding that Indulgence or Priviledge lately granted to the English that Benefices of Roman Clerc's that should become vacant either by Cession or Death should not be conferred on any Italians After that Simon Montfort Earl of Leycester [6] fol. 825. n. 50. The Earl of Leycesters success against the Rebellious Gascoigns had by various successes against the Rebels in Gascoigny broken their strength and had taken Chastellion a Castle of great importance to them and their common refuge He together with his Wife and [7] fol. 828. lin 1. He returned into England with Guido the Kings third Brother Earl Guido de Lusignan the Third Brother of the King by the Mothers side Landed at Dover in November When the King had Notice of it He commanded his Great men and Citisens of London to receive his Brother with all solemnity and signs of joy And after he had supplied his wants by the Kings bounty he returned home plentifully furnished with Riches A. D. 1252. In the year 1252. King Henry kept his [8] fol. 829. n. 10 20 30. Margaret the Kings Daughter is married to Alexander King of Scots Christmass at York because his Daughter Margaret being now of full age was to be solemnly marryed to Alexander the Young King of Scots And for the more glorious celebration of these Nuptials there met a very great confluence of the Clergy and Nobility not only of England and Scotland but several from France On Christmass day King Henry Knighted Alexander King of Scots and the next day very soon in the Morning He was Married to the Kings Daughter [9] Ibid. n 50. He doeth Homage to King Henry for lands held of him King Henry requires his homage for the Kingdom of Scotland The King of Scots Answer Then He did Homage to the King of England for Lowthian and some other Lands he held of him and after that It was demanded that he should do the same Homage and Fidelity to his Lord the King of England for the Kingdom of Scotland as his Predecessors had formerly done To which the King of Scots replyed That he came thither in a peaceable manner and by Marriage of his Daughter to unite himself more close to him but not prepared to give an Answer to such hard Questions for he had not consulted his Nobility about so difficult an Affair When the King heard this modest reply he would not press him any further at present lest the designed mirth and jollity of the Nuptial Solemnity should be thereby disturbed Soon after the Pope [1] fol. 83. n. 50. The Pope sollicite's King Henry to assist the King of France wrote to the King to hasten his preparation for the Holy Land to prosecute the Vow he lay under and give what Ayd and Relief he could to the King of France And if He would not go in person not to hinder others who stood obliged by the same Vow The King to shew his readiness to answer the Popes request took great quantities of Money from the Jews nor were his Christian Subjects spared In the Spring following the [2] fol. 832. n. 30 40 50. The Gascoigns accusation against the Earl of Leycester He pleads his innocency and Merits before the King He is again sent into Gascoigny He executes his Malice and revenge on his Accusers Noblemen of Gascoigny sent over their complaints to the King against Simon Earl of Leycester accusing him of Vnfaithfulness and Treachery When the Earl heard of what was laid to his charge He went to the King and pleaded his Innocency and wondred he should give more Credit to his Rebellious Gascoigns than to him who had given such proofs of his Fidelity To whom the King replied That if he were Innocent a strict inquiry would render him the more Eminent The Earl being calmed and humbled by this Answer of the Kings was again furnished with Money for his return into Gascoigny which he hastened as much as possible that he might execute his Malice and revenge on those that had accused him to the King And He did it with such rigor at his return that all Gascoigny had [3] fol. 833. lin 4. revolted from their Allegiance to the King of England and sought out a New Lord could they have found any other Country to have sold their Wines with such advantage to themselves Soon after the Great men of Gascoigny agreed to send [4] 836. n. 10. The Gascoigns repeat their complaints against him to the King solemn Messengers to the King of England to acquaint him how his faithful Subjects in that Country were inhumanely treated by the Earl of Leycester and drew up the charge or Accusation against him which was Testified by the Seals of their Cities Great men Castellans and Bayliffs And this was carried to the King by the Archbishop of Burdeaux and several Great men [5] Ibid. n. 30. who landed in England about Whitsuntide and found the King at London before whom they laid a lamentable [6] fol. 838. n. 40 â—0 The King not very ready to credit them complaint of the Treachery and Tyranny of the Earl of Leycester The King would not give a hasty belief to their complaints because he had found them Traytors when he was in Gascoigny But waited till the return of Nicholas de Molis and Drâ—gâ— Valentin whom he had sent thither to enquire into the Truth of their accusation At their Return they [7] fol. 836. n. 40 50. reported to the King that they found some had been inhumanely treated by the Earl but as they believed according
Witness Roger Bishop of Salisbury William de Curcey and Adam de Port at Winchester In these times and for a Century or two of years afterwards the Trials for Lands and Goods in the * See the old Registers Leigers Couchers and Histories of the Great Monasteries Ely Bury Ramsey Abendon c. County * See the old Registers Leigers Couchers and Histories of the Great Monasteries Ely Bury Ramsey Abendon c. Hundred and Lords Courts were very considerable and for good Quantities of Land and the Suitors to the Hundred and County Courts were as considerable all Men especially of the Laity of what Quality soever within the Hundred ought their Attendance there as appears by this Writ Henricus [1] Monast Angl Vol. 3. f. 262. Col. 2. n. 50. Rex Angliae omnibus Baronibus Vavasoribus omnibus Dominis qui Terras Tenent in Well-Wapentach Salutem Praecipio quod omnes veniatis ad placitum Wapentachium Episcopi Lincoln quod de me tenet per summonitionem Ministrorum suorum Et facietis ei omnes Rectitudines consuetudines in omnibus Rebus quas ei debetis de Terris vestris ad illud VVapentachiumâ— ita bene plenarie sicut unquam plenius fecistis Roberto Episcopo vel alicui Antecessori suo quas juste facere debetis nisi feceritis ipse vos justiciet per pecuniam vestram donec faciatis ne perdam pecuniam meam quam Episcopus mihi inde reddere debet Teste Episcopo Sarum G. Canc. apud Fereham Henry King of England to all Barons Vavasors or Knights and Lords of Maners which hold Lands in Well-Wapentach Greeting I Command that you all come to the * The same with an Hundred VVapentach-Court of the Bishop of Lincoln which he holds of me at the summons of his Bailiffs and perform to him all Services and Customs in all things which are due to him from your Lands at that Court so well and fully as ever ye performed them to * Robert Bloet who died Jan. 10. A. D. 1122 Alexander succeeded him and was consecrated A. D. 1123. Jul. 22.23 Hen. 1. Robert the Bishop or any Antecessor of his and which ye ought justly to do and unless you perform them he shall Distrein your Goods until you do it lest I lose my Rent which the Bishop is to pay me for the VVapentach Witness the Bishop of Salisbury and G. the Chancellor at Fereham In the [2] Append. n. 34. eighteenth year of Henry the Third He by Advice of the Major part of the Bishops Earls and Barons Expounded the 35th Chapter of Magna Charta where there had been care taken about the keeping of the County Court Turns and Leets but not about Hundred or VVapentach Courts and Lords Courts In which Chapter there was a Clause That all were to have their Liberties they had or used in the time of King Henry his Grandfather And it having been proved before them that Hundreds and Wapentachs and Lords Courts were then holden every Forthnight which was thought too often and too great a trouble to the Suitors yet seeing the two Turns were not sufficient to preserve the Peace of the Nation nor to Correct the Injuries done to Rich and Poor which was part of the Business of the Hundred Courts it was provided that between the two Turns Hundreds and Wapentachs and the Courts of Great Men should be holden from three Weeks to three Weeks where before they had been holden once in a forthnight so as there should not be made a General Summons to those Hundreds Wapentachs and Great Mens Courts as there was to the Turns But there should only come to them the Plaintiffs and Defendents and those which * By their Tenures and held Lands by doing Suâ—t and Service at those Courts ought Suit to them That Trials might be dispatcht and Judgments made which are done by the Suiters unless in those Hundreds there ought to be Inquisition made of Pleas of the Crown as of the Death of a Man Treasure found and the like for the Inquiry to be made after them they should come with the Suiters all of four of the next Towns that were necessary to make such Inquisitions Notwithstanding this Provision the Attendance upon these Courts was thought a great burthen and trouble and therefore two years afterwards [3] Stat. of Merton c. 10. it was provided and granted That every Free-man that ought Suit to the County Trihing Hundred and Wapentach or to the Court of his Lord mighty freely make his Attorney to do those Suits for him So that this way the Great Men made a Law to excuse their Lands and selves from this Service and gave some small parcels of Land to some ordinary inconsiderable men to do this Drudgery for them Land then was the price of all things the very Houshold Servants had Land allowed them for their annual Wages Nor was that which is now accounted a wonderful Priviledge then thought any other than a vexation and trouble seeing many Knights and considerable Men purchased of the King Charters of Exemption from being Impannelled in Assises Juries and Enquests and these Exemptions were so frequent and so many [4] Stat. of Marlebridge c. 14. that they hindered the course of Justice and therefore there was a Law made to force them in several Cases to serve upon Juries and Enquests and at length when the small Barons or Tenants in Capite and Military Men began to grow poor and beggerly and had by Law [5] Magn. Chart. c. 32. leave to Alienate what part of their Estates they would leaving sufficient to perform the Services which belonged to the Fee they began to think of * History f. 6â—7 A. B. Representatives to save charges in going to and Attendance at Parlements and by several [6] See Glossary to my Introduction c. â— 62. c. c. undue Practises and Laws to force the trouble and vexation as it was then esteemed of serving and waiting at Assises Sessions and County Courts upon Men of mean Estates and meaner Understandings Parts and Abilities These Trials for Lands before the County and Hundreds are often to be seen in Domesday Book and in the old Registers Leigers or Couchers of great Monasteries as of Ely Ramsey Bury Abendon Glastonbury c. with the manner how they were recovered the Testimony of the County or Hundred and by such Jurors as most frequently knew the Matter of Fact The Great Matter of Inquiry then was Who had been possessed and who was possessed of the Land or Thing in Contention for by that they most frequently judged of Right For no Estate then passed by private Bargain only but there were some public Circumstances and Ceremonies performed which made the passing of Estates from one to another very notorious and especially those of Investiture or as it was called when much in use Livery or Seisin or when the Charts and Deeds of
brake the Ranks of the Britains which had neither Helmet nor Armor to defend themselves and being hedged in between the Legionary Soldiers and (x) The Legions were taken out of the Body of the Romans the Auxiliaries were such Forces as the Neighbour and Confederate Countries sent unto them Auxiliaries were most of them slain Caractacus his Wife and Daughter taken c. He is Betray'd by Cartismendua This was a Famous Victory wherein Caractacus his Wife and Daughter were taken his Brothers yielding themselves but he escaping to Cartismandua Queen of the Brigantes against her Faith and Obligation to him was deliver'd bound to the Romans having maintain'd War with them 9 Years as Tacitus but as Dio more clearly relates it only Seven his Fame was spread through the Isle and Provinces adjoyning and his Name Celebrated in Italy many desiring to see who he was that had withstood and contemned the Roman Power so many years They spake not Ignobly of him at Rome and Caesar by extolling his own Victory added Glory to him he had Conquer'd being brought thither the People were Convented as to some famous Spectacle the Emperors Guards were orderly placed in Arms then came first the King's Servants with the Trophies won in other Wars next his Brothers Wife and Daughter last of all himself The Carriage of others was low and pittiful he only behaving himself like a brave Prince and bold Britain both in Words and Gesture That by his Speech and Constancy of Mind he so prevail'd upon Caesar as to Pardon and Release him his Wife Daughter and Brethren they all unbound applaud and thank him as also his Wife Agrippina who sat by in a Chair of State a new and unaccustomable thing for a Woman to preside among the Roman Cohorts and Ensigns To Ostorius a Triumph is Decreed the Senate esteeming this act of his equal with theirs that had shewn in Bonds to the Roman People the greatest and most renowned Kings after this his Success proved ambiguous or began to decline whether because that Caractacus the object of his Valor being removed he supposed he had made a Compleat Conquest and therefore prosecuted the War the more carelesly or else that the residue of the Britains commiserating the Misfortune of so great a Prince did meditate Revenge and fell upon the Legionary Cohorts left behind to establish Garrisons amongst the Silures The Silures Arme killing the Prefect and Eight Centurions besides many of the stoutest Soldiers and had not speedy Relief come from the adjoyning Forts and Castles they had put all the rest to the Sword nor was it long after that they beat and routed the Roman Forragers and the Troops sent to their Assistance Ostorius sending fresh Recruits could not stay their flight until the Legions came in by whose power the Battle was made equal and afterwards inclined to the Romans the Britains escaped with little loss because the day was spent The chief Motive that induced the Silures to Arm was a report Tiberius Claudius c. Nero Claudius Caesar Anno Dom. 56 c. that the Emperor should say He would root out the very Name of them they therefore intercept Two Auxiliary Cohorts by the Avarice of their Commanders securely plundering and liberally distributing the spoyls and captives amongst them drew others to Revolt troubled at these things Ostorius dies the Britains rejoycing And Why. Ostorius Dies although no Battle had taken him off yet a cross War had worn out so great a Soldier Caesar being advertis'd of his Death Aulus Didius made Lieutenant sends Aulus Didius in his place who notwithstanding the hast he made found things in great disorder Manlius Valens having with his Legion encountred the Britains with ill success the Silures made Inrodes into the subdued Country until they were repelled by Didius After Caractacus was taken Venusius next to him in Military knowledge a Prince faithful to the Romans and protected by them so long as his Queen Cartismandua continued Loyal to him she being Queen of the Brigantes and much in the Romans favor for betraying and delivering up Caractacus rejected her Husband Tacit. Hist lib. 3. cap. 45.380 Marrying Vellocatus his Esquire and making him King The War at first seemed private amongst themselves until she had by craft taken Venusius his Brother and some other of his Relations who by the help of his Neighbors and the defection of the Brigantes abhoring so base an act soon reduced her to great extremity she Tacit. lib. 12. Anno 198. begging Aid of the Romans who after a sharp and doubtful Conflict in the end obtain'd the Victory rescued the Queen from danger took the Kingdom from the King and brought a War upon themselves The like success Caesius Nasica had with his Legion Didius Superannuated for Didius himself growing old and fitter to Direct then Execute used the Ministery of other Men designing to keep what his Predecessors had gotten built only some Castles and places of strength within the Land This was the state of Affairs in Britain when Claudius died leaving Nero Claudius Caesar his Adopted Son to succeed him 'T is probable the Christian Religion was brought from Rome into Britain in Claudius his time either by such as returned with the Romans that were Banished with Adminius by his Father or by such as might return again after his first or second Triumph whether Slaves or Hostages for no doubt but he had of both these sorts of People Captives from such as he Conquer'd and Hostages from such as yielded both which served to adorn them and were exposed to publick view for the greater Celebrity of these Triumphs so that whereas Gildas says The entrance of Christianity was Summo Tiberii Caesaris it must be understood of this Tiberius Claudius Caesar Christianity first in Britain Suet. Claud. c. 17.526 for from the time that Julius Caesar left this Island it was attempted by none until Claudius neither is Gildas his Relation certain but conjectural only and is to be expounded according to the sense of Eusebius from whom he had it as appears by his mention of the Edict of Tiberius which I find no where else unless related from him and is to be understood of the first and general propagation of Religion through the World which Eusebius there recounts Euseb Eccles Hist Bas Ed. lib. 2. c. 2 3. and by conjecture only or as it seemed to him probable consequence in Britain also But by whom the Gospel was brought hither is uncertain and whether by Jacobus Zebedaeus Simon Zelotes Antiq. Brit. c. 1. Simon Peter St. Paul or any of them it is not sufficiently made appear by Archbishop Parker Nero Claudius Caesar Anno Dom. 58 60 c. Bishop Godwin Archbishop of Armagh Sir Henry Spelman or any of the Anglican Church nor proved by Cardinal Baronius Father Parsons Father Alford or any of the Romish Persuasion De Pras l. Ang. c. 1.
was let out to Country-Men or Villagers aegder of Thegnes inland ge of Neatland either of the Lords or Thanes Inland or Demeasnes or the Country-Mans Villagers or Villans Land Gafolland Neatland and Vtland as Mr. [8.] Gavelk p. 14.115 Spelm. Gloss in verbo Somner truly informs us were opposed to Inland or Demeasne Lands and were Lands granted out for Rent or Service or both and reducible to Folkland and 't is very probable they were the same or of the same nature for that in the Laws where they are mentioned it appears they were always occupied by Ceorls Churls Country-men The Names of ordinary People Colons or Clowns by Gebures Boors Rustic's Plough or Husbandmen or by Neates and Geneates Drudges Villanes or Villagers These three Saxon words being almost of the same signification though very different in sound were always applied to the ordinary sort of People called by us Folke at this day [9.] Gavelk ut supra Saxon Lands held by Military-Service Inland he thinks to be the same with Bockland or at least of the same condition or reducible to it Yet besides these Lands there were other Lands also which were holden by Military or Knights-Service called then Feoda or Beneficia Fees or Benefices Such were the Feudal-Lands of Ealdormen Thanes and less Thanes or as they were afterwards called Valvasors which they had of the King's Gift for personal Attendances Military Services or as Governors of Provinces Counties or Towns for which see Selden's Titles of Honor Part. 2. c. 5. n. 3 4. and that there were such Lands as well in the hands of the Lower sort of the Nobless and Gentlemen as of the greater Noblemen is further clear by undeniable testimony from the Saxon Laws and Doomesday * Legalis Homo or Militaris Homo the Judicious Dugdale thinks Sithesocha signifies Curia libera legalium hominum or Militarium hominum a Court of Military or Legal-Men but perhaps the word may more aptly be translated the Court-Liberty or Jurisdiction of a Sithe Gesithe or Sitheman in such part of a County like our Hundreds where also he had a Military-Power to lead the People out to War as appears by the Saxon-Laws and might be then Captain That yle man haebbe aet thaer Sylh Twegen pel gehorsaede men Ll. Aethelstan c. 16. Every Man for a Plough shall have two well-furnished Horsemen They who were to find these Men had the Land given them for that purpose for 't is not to be thought that a Country-Man that paid any considerable Rent could do it If a (a) A Sithcundman what he was Mr. Somner in his Glossary derives this word from Sith or Gesith Comes vel Socius a Ruler or Governor and Cund Kind as it signifies the condition and quality of any one and Mon Man that is a kind or sort of Comes Governor Judge or Praefect He was esteemed equal to a Thane by the valuation of his Life in Aâ—thelstane's Laws Sithcund-Man refused his Service in the Army or a Military Expedition he Forfeited his Land c. Ll. Inae c. 52. Now we do not read of Land any where forfeited in such case unless it be Feudal Land and such as was given by a great Person Lord or Signior to his Vassal or Feudatarie for the performance of the Military Service agreed on between them Again if any Man was killed fighting in Battel by or in the presence of his Lord or Patron his Heirs succeeded in Lands and Goods without paying an (c) De weris where they are both equally valued at 2000 Thrymsas Thrymsa or Groates Thrymsa not being 3 Shillings as Lambard Interprets it but only a corruption of the Latin Tremissis which often occurs in the German Laws and was the third part of a Shilling or 4 d. Ll. Alaman Tit. 6. §. 3. Saiga autem est quarta pars Tremissis hoc est denarius unus Tremissis est tertia pars solidi sunt denarii quatuor the Germans sometimes reckoned the values of their Goods by Tremisses optimus bos 5 Tremisses valet medianus 4. Ll. Alaman Tit. 27. and so frequently in the Laws of the West-Goths The Office of a Sithcundman His Office or Place of Trust seems to have been the same or much like that of a Centgrave or Hundredarie for many small Territories or parts of Counties which we now call Hundreds were antiently reteining the Saxon expressions called Sithesocks as the Hundreds of Knightlowe Kineton and Hemlingford in Warwickshire were 16 Hen. Secundi called Sithesocha de Cnutchlelawa Sithesocha de Chinton Sithesocha de Humliford Dugdale's Antiq. Warwickshire fol. 2. col 2. fol. 297. col 1. fol. 636. col 1. Soke being interpreted a Court Liberty or Jurisdiction where Pleas were holden and Sithe Gesithe Sitheman See Lageman in Glossar or Sithcundman Heregeat or Heriot Ll. Canut c. 75. which word Heregate or Heriot Brompton expounds by Relevatio a Reliefe col 931. and so likewise it is turned in Edward the Confessor's Laws where we have this very Law cap. 35. Tit. de Heretochiis And these Heregeats Heriot and Reliefe the same or Hereots Ll. Canut c. 69. were certain Arguments of Feudal Lands or Tenures in Military or Knights-Service They being due to the Lord or Patron upon the death of his Vassal and besides Horses and Money consisted in certain Warlike Instruments and Furniture given up and brought into the Lords Armory there to remain for his use and defence when there was occasion An Earls Heriot The Earls Heregeat was 8 Horses 4 Sadled 4 Vnsadled 4 Helmets 4 Coates of Maile 8 Spears as many Sheilds 4 Swords and 200 Marks in Gold which payment in Money I take to be the Reliefe rather for the Earldom that differing from the Heriot or Heregeat as Sir Hen. Spelman Mr. Somner and others do in their Interpretation of those words tell us The Heregeates or Military preparations of the King's Thanes or Barons Middle Thanes and Lower Thanes all Military Men of inferior degrees follow in proportionable order for which see the Law above-mention'd From these we proceed to the Laws of Edward the Confessor in which if their Credit be as great as their Fame the Tenures by Knights or Military-Service is fully and clearly set forth and described Ll. 35. Tit. De Greve All Freemen of the whole Kingdom according to their Estates Goods and Possessions and according to their Fees and Tenements ought to have Arms and keep them ready for the defence of the Kingdom and Service of their Lords as the King shall command And Moreover Birtrick the Rich Saxons Will A Rich Saxon gave Money to have his Will confirmed In a Rebellion of Earl Godwin and his Sons against the same King he and his Son Harold were commanded Servitium Militum quos habebant in Anglia Regi contradere To deliver up or pass over to the King all their Military or Knights-Services they had in England Malmâ— fol. 46.
to have been a (g) By Matth. of West Brampton and many others but not mentioned by Asser Malmsbury or in the Saxon Annals and therefore suspitious Monk and Bishop of Winchester took upon him at the request and importunity of his Nobility A. D. 836. the Government of the Kingdom of the West-Saxons his Father giving to his Brother Athelstan the Kingdoms of Kent Essex Surrey and Sussex Saxon Annals A. D. 836. or of the South-Saxons which afterwards by the Death or Cession of Ethelstan came under the Power of Ethelwolph Malms l. 2. c. 2. who being of a quiet and still temper the Danes made their advantage of him with whose Invasions the most part of his Reign he was mightily afflicted and with whom in one place or other there were Battels or Skirmishes almost every (h) Barely mentioned and briefly touched in the Succession of several years in the Saxons Annals and in Asser whom the rest follow inlarging upon them according to their Fancies Saxon Annals and Asser in these years and so forward The Danes harass Lindsey East-angles Kent London Canterbury and Rochester as that Duke Wulfheard fought against three and thirty of their Ships at Hampton A. D. 887. and the same year Consul Ethelhelm fought the Danes with the Dorsetshire men at Port where at first Ethelhelm but at last the Danes prevailed the next year Earl Herebert was killed in Battel of the Pagans and many others at Mereswar and the same year the Countries of Lindsey East-angles Kent c. were harassed and destroyed and many slain by them and the next year they made great slaughters at Canterbury London and Rochester and so forward nothing but insignificant Relations year sometimes the Saxons sometimes the Danes prevailing Ethelwolph Monarch A. D. 836. who by their often Invasions in every part of the Kingdom rather seemed to pray upon and wast than conquer and possess England if at any time they were repelled and very much beaten by the English Danes often beaten yet it availed not the English Their often fresh Supplies it availed nothing there coming presently greater Fleets with fresh Supplies and while the Saxons or English marched to oppose them in the East they shipped themselves and invaded the West or some other Quarter so that the People despaired of any means of Safety The King Nobility and Clergy over-set as it were and strangely afflicted with the Depredations of these Pagans Ingulph Historia Fol. 491. a. judging these Evils and Miseries to be the Consequences of their Sins bethought themselves of a wholsome and uniform Remedy as they affirmed it and a Security against their Enemies which was an (i) The General Meetings of the Bishops great or wise Men as they were frequently named Great Councils or Parliaments Tenth Mansion Hide or Family what it signifies or of the States or Baronage were called Witenage gemotes Mycel Synods great Councels and afterwards Paliaments Act of the great Council or Parliament in those days however it be commonly called the Grant of King Ethelwolph of the Tith of the Profits of all (k) Tiths might be paid by some Persons and in some places before this Grant but this was the first publick Act that imposed a necessity of paying them In Ingulph the Latin words are decimam Mansionem that is Hidam seu familiam the Tenth Hide or Family which perhaps maâ—â—elate to the Poor Parson which was to be maintained upon every Tenth Mansion as above noted or perhaps if the Tenth Mansion were given it might be the first Foundation of the Rectory and Glebe Laâ—ds in every Parish for besides 't is said in Ingulph that the Tenth of all Goods were granted to the Church In others the Latin words are decimam partem terrarum per regnum nostrum the things granted however expressed were the Tithes of the Profits of all Lands as Selden concludes History of Tiths fol. 206 c. Ibid. fol. 207. for as he affirms whether it be the Tenth Hide the Tenth Mansion or Family or the Tenth part of the Land it is all one they being words that signifie the same things and import no more than the Tenth part of the Profits growing in them Lands Ethelwolph grants the Tiths of all England to the Church A. D. 855. Ibidem Ingulph histor 491. a. This Grant subscribed by all the Kings and Nobility in England Ibidem Ordered to be published in every Church free from all Burthens Taxes and Exactions (l) Free from Military Service building and repairing of Bridges and Castles called the Trimoda Necessitas to which all Lands whatsoever were subject whatsoever to the Church this Grant by the consent of that great Council was signed by all the Archbishops Bishops and Secular States of all England by Beorred King of Mercia and Edmund King of the East-angles then Subject and Tributary to Ethelwolph who after it was subscribed offered it upon the Altar of St. Peter the Apostle in the Cathedral at Winchester where the Council was held and the Bishops caused it to be published in every Church of their several Diocesses or (m) The Latin words are Per omnes Ecclesias in suis Parochiis Paroches This done he went to Rome leaving the Danes in Shepey Island and carried with him his beloved Son Alâ—rid and staying there a year returning through France he brought with him Judith Daughter of Charles King thereof Asser de gest Alâ—r fol. 2. whom he had married Ethelbald conspires against his Father Ib. In his absence Ethelbald his eldest Son Alstan Bishop of Sherborn and Eanwulf Earl of Somersetshire conspired against him and would have excluded him the Kingdom who foreseeing the Dangers and Miseries of a Civil War Ibid. fol. 3. Between Ethelbald and his Father the Kingdom is divided A. D. 858. out of his meer Clemency and great Condescention by the assent of his Nobles divided the Kingdom between himself and his Son he taking the East part and leaving the West part which was the best and greatest to Ethelbald two years after his return from Rome he disposed the Kingdom to his two eldest Sons and his Hereditary Estate to his other Sons and Daughters Ethelwold Ethelbald Ethelbert A. D. 858. For the advantage of his Soul he ordered that in his Hereditary Lands every Tenth Hide or Mansion should maintain one Poor Parson with Meat Drink and Cloathing he commanded likewise there should be three hundred Marks carried to Rome every year Ethelwold gives three hundred Marks to Rome Ibid. fol. 4. and to be thus disposed of one hundred Marks to buy Oyl for the Lamps in the Church of St. Peter as much to buy Oyl for the Lamps in the Church of St. Paul and the other hundred Marks to the Pope in this year he died To him Ethelbald and Ethelbert the two elder Brothers succeeded Ethelbald and Ethelbert Ibidem A. D. 860. Winchester sacked the former lived
Land that came to them or passed by writing or perhaps as we now call it Deed from their Ancestors could not sell or alien it from their Heirs and that for vouching of things sold c. no man's Horse or Ox could be bought or sold without a Voucher Foed Alured Guthrum Ibid. fol. 36. Hundreds and Tithings erected by Alfred that is one then that should take upon him to make good the sale and thing sold according to the Bargain .. This King according to Ingulph first divided the Provinces into (u) Without doubt as to this part of the Division De gestis Aelfâ—ed fol. 284. Ingulph was mistaken for Asser who lived in Aelfred's time mentions Osric Earl of Hamshire and Ethelwolph Earl of Bark-shire under Ethelbert and Eanwulf Earl of Somersetshire under his Father Ethelwolph There are also mentioned as witnesses to a Charter of King Ethelbald's A. D. 716. cited by Ingulphus Egga Earl of Lincoln and Lencitus Earl of Leicester Histor Croyland fol. 485. a. therefore such Divisions were before nevertheless 't is most probable the Partitions of Counties into Hundreds and Tithings were made in his times as appears in the notices Counties those into Hundreds and those again into Decimes or Tithings that every English man living under Law should be within some Hundred or Tithing Edward the Elder A. D. 886. of this see more in the first part of this History He made also a Survey of all the Counties Hundreds and Tithings throughout England and the Roll thereof was called the Roll of Winchester All Counties surveyed by Alfred In his History fol. 516. b. the chief City of the West-Saxon Kingdom because it was kept then out of this Roll and that afterwards made by William the Conqueror in imitation of it but more exact Ingulphus took out the Particulars of the Lands and Tenements belonging to Croyland Abbey Edward his Son called the Elder Edward the Elder A. D. 900. Sax. An. 901. Disturbed by Ethelwald Ibid. 905. Who flies to the Danes in Northumberland and perswades them to invade Mercia because the first succeeded Aelfred less learned but more Potent In the beginning of his Reign he received some disturbance from the pretences of Ethelwald his Uncles Son to the Kingdom who not being able to make good his Cause fled to the Danes in Northumberland and prevailed with them to invade Mercia where Edward marching upon them forced their Army to retreat and wasted all the Country between the (*) This was that Ditch which is called Divels-Ditch upon New-Market-Heath and the Country here mentioned was all that between this Ditch Huntington St. Neots Bedford c. which are seated upon the River Ouse Ditch and Ouse even to the North Fens and not long after both Armies joyned Battel and fought with great loss and slaughter on both sides Duke Sigulf Earl Sigelm Eadwold the Kings Thane Cenwulf the Abbat with many common men A great slaughter of Saxons and Danes were slain on the Saxons part on the Danes part their King Eohric the seditious Ethelwold Brihtsigerus Isop (x) HOLD is a Danish word and signifies a Field-Marshal Knight-Marshal or General Hold Osketel Hold with very many other Commanders and common Soldiers yet by the Story the Danes seemed to have kept the Field what the event of Battel was appears not Ibid. 907. however two years after Edward makes Peace with the Danes The East-Angles and Northumbrians which were now one Nation with them not long after the Danes broke the Peace Ibid. 9 1. and wasted his Countries to whom he gave Battel overthrew them The Danes beaten and killed their King Ecwils persuing this Victory and marching for several years up and down into all parts of his Country he with the assistance of his Sister Elsted Countess Queen of Mercia every where expelled the Danes Malms de gestis reg l. 2. c. 5. Ingulph Hist fol. 595. b. Edward repairs his Towns and Fortresses and places strong Garrisons in them and either built and erected new Towns and Fortresses in all convenient places or repaired the old and placed strong Garrisons in them especially towards the Frontiers by which means he checked the Insolency of the Danes and hindered their Excursion their places of Safety and Retreat added such courage to the Country-men that whereas before they fled from the Danes now they out-braved and contemned them These things raised him to such a Reputation that after the accession of Mercia to his former Territories which he took into his own hands after his Sisters Death Howel Cledanc and Jeothwell Kings of the (y) These were those that inhabited that which is now called Wales who were called North-Britains in respect of those which inhabited Cornwall who were called South-Britains North-Britains and the whole Nation submitted Saxon Annals A. D. 922. The North-Britains or Welsh submit Ibid. A.D. 924. And the Scots Danes and Northumbers Divels-Ditch Hold what and who North-Britains who and desired him for their Lord and Master as did also not long after the King of Scots and all his Nation the Northumbrians the English and Danes and other Northern People Athelstan A. D. 924. with the King of (z) Straecled Welch who De â—cb Scot. l. 6. p. 175 156. Britains which at that time inhabited Calloway in Scotland Buchanan confesseth that the English Army being far inferior to the Danes and the Forces with which the Scots assisted them yet under the conduct of Aethestan who was Edward's General they obtained a great Victory and took from the Scots Cumberland and Westmorland and from the Danes Northumberland but he will not acknowledge the submission of Scotland STRAECLED Wales and his People Straecled This King by the advice of his wise men made several Laws and confirmed the League his Father Aelfrid made with Godrun or Guthrun He confirms the League Alfrid made with Guthrun Lamb. inter Ll. Edward Sen. He makes many Ecclesiastick Laws Col 829. by Agreement of the Great men on both sides and amongst other Articles of the League they enacted many Laws meerly Ecclesiastick which were reputed as part of it these Ecclesiastick Laws are printed in Brompton amongst Aelfrid's Laws as being made then and are more perfect than in Lambard and with others there are Laws for the Payment of Tithes Peter-pence Candle-money c. Edward dying in the year 924. was buried with his Father in the Monastery of Winchester Athelstan Lib. 2. de gest â—eg c. 6. After the death of King Edward his eldest Son Athelstan by a Concubine as 't was reported says Malmsbury was crowned at Kingston upon Thames by Athelmus Archbishop of Canterbury the beginning of whose Reign was disturbed by the Sedition of Alfrid a Noble-man A. D. 924. Perjury punish'd with sudden Death who being apprehended and sent to Rome to purge himself denying the Fact upon Oath fell down suddenly and within three days
put their Judgments in Execution The Subjusticiers were Officers established under the Justiciers to do Execution such were Viscounts Serjeants of the Sword Bum-Bayliffs Bedells or under-Serjeants c. C. 5. with the Coment A Vicount in Normandy was an under Officer of the Law a Pedanens judge and was the very same with a Provost or a Viginer or Vicar who heard small and Ordinary Cases Pasqu Recherch fol. 860. D. Serjeants of the Sword The Office of the Vicount was to hold Pleas of antient Paths Ways Bounds Watercourses c. and to walk the Parish with twelve men of the same and by their Oath or the Oath of the greater part of them to inquire whose Lands lay next the Ways c. and cause them to be amended by those which held the Land accordingly he was to inquire by the Oath of twelve lawful men of Malefactors as Murderers Thieves Traytors Ravishers and other Criminals to keep them in Prison till they were delivered by the Law of the Country These had also under them Serjeants of the Sword who held the Views and made the Summons to them and executed the Precepts of the Assizes and what was judged there and to keep and deliver according to Law Distresses taken The Bedells were the less Serjeants which ought to take the Distress and to do Offices less honourable and to make the lesser Summons and these were in every good Town C. 6. Default Trespassment des Termes sont Appellez defaultes that is such as came not at the time appointed nor appeared in Court according to Summons or when they ought or performed not what they were then to perform were in Default Fealty No man in Normandy could receive Fealty from another without saving his Fealty to the Duke which is to be expressed in doing Homage And therefore the Duke hath the whole Justicement of the body of a man for or by reason of the Fealty that all men owe him If a Lord doth wrong to his man by reason of his Fee the Court then appertains to the Duke if there be no Mesne or Middle-Lord between the Duke and him which by reason of his Fee may have the Court. About Distresses taking Goods and impounding Cattle much used C. 7. as in use with us Of the times when many Lands are to be several or commune C. 8. the Vsage much the same as in England Judges were Sage Persons and Authentick C. 9. So it was in England Who anciently Judges in Normandy Bishops Abbats Priors Canons c. which gave Judgment in Court as Archbishops Bishops Canons of Cathedral Churches and other dignified Persons in Churches Abbats Priors Conventual and Governours of Churches famous for their Discretion and Honesty Bayliffs Knights Serjeants principal and Seneschals of Barons Famous for Knowledge and Honesty every of these might remain in Judgment if the Cause were not their own or they were no ways Parties nor had given Judgment nor were Witnesses in it nor were suspected for Love Favor or Hatred Barons ought to be judged by their Peers and others by all such as cannot be removed from Judgment i. e. such as were not suspected as before Antiently there was in Normandy a greater Justice than all the beforementioned which was called the Seneschal of the Prince C. 10. Seneschal of Normandy He was like the Missi Regales or Dominici in the old Empire or Itinerant Justices anciently that went their Circuits once in two three four five or six years he corrected all inferior Justiciers as Bayliffs c. and removed them from their Offices if he saw it convenient he preserved the Land of the Prince and made to be preserved the Laws and Rights of Normandy to which purpose he travelled every three years through Normandy and visited all the particular Baylywicks and inquired of the Injuries and Excesses done by the Sub-justiciers and also held Pleas of the Sword c. and in all things that belonged to his Office he might cause them to be amended without Pleas or Assizes and in all places where he found any thing amiss he might do as he thought expedient Custom Law and Usage C. 11. Custom Law and Vsage understood and practised in the same manner as in England All such as were Residents in the Dutchy of Normandy C. 14. All the Residents in Normandy sware Fealty to the Duke ought to swear Fealty to the Duke and keep it and therefore in all things they ought to be Loyal towards him and were not to procure his damage nor to give Council or Aid to his manifest Enemies such as were found culpable of any of these things were called Traytors to their Prince and all their Possessions remained to him always The Women in Normandy without consent of their Husbands C 15. could make no Contract or Bargain Wrec belonged to the Duke of great and rich things there named C. 1â— Wrec and of ordinary things to the Lord of the Fee all the Controversies arising from it were to be determined in the Dukes Court. Treasure Trove i. e. found or digged any where C. 18. Treasure Trove belonged to the Duke Waifs belonged to the Lord of the Fee or sometime to the Duke C. 19. Waifs c. according to Custom C. 20. And Glanv lib. 7. c. 16. The Chattels of Vsurers that died belonged to the Duke so to our Antient Kings C. 21. Felonâ— Goods were the Dukes The Chattels of such as killed themselves Excommunicate and Desperate Persons such to whom Confession and the Sacramenâ— was denied were the Dukes C 22. Moveables and Chattels forfeited to the Duke All Moveables forfeited belong to the Duke Moveables were the Chattels of such as were condemned by Judgment that were hanged burnt their Eyes pulled out or their hands or Feet cut off or banished c. C. 24. Assize what Assize was an Assembly of Knights and Sage men with the Bayliff in a certain place and at a certain time which contained the space of forty days between one Assize and another by which Judgment and Justice was done of such things as were heard in Court in these Assizes the Juries sometimes were brought to a Non-scavoir Non-scire Ibidem Juries brought in Ignoramus or Ignoramus And when nothing of Certainty or Credit was deposed the Inquest being first examined the Return or Verdict was L'enquest scet rien Ibidem Lands c. forfeited as in England The Lands and Estates and Profits of condemned Persons for Felony were the Dukes for a year and a day afterwards they were the Lords of the Fee of whom he held immediately so in England C. 25. The eldest Son Succeeds the whole c. In Fuedal Succession the Eldest Son succeeds in the whole and so it descends to the next of the Blood and never ascends when there is any of the descending Line remaining In the Latin Version of the Customer of Normandy
was Lord also near Renâ—es Guader the Earldom of Northwic or the East-Angles To Hugh de Grentmesnel he gave the Town of Leicester and to many other Noble Persons he distributed many Cities and Towns Ralph Guader had Norff. or the East-Angles c. with great Power and Honours (f) He was Son of Guachelm de [1.] Ibidem 522. B. Hen. de Ferrariis who he was Ferrariis and though no Earl at the time of the Survey he had then 176 Lordships Maners or Farms besides Tutbury Castle [2.] Domesday-Book in several Counties whereof in Darbishire 114. To Hen. de Ferrariiis the Castle of Tutbury and to many Strangers and others of mean Quality Odo Earl of Kent he gave many and great Honours insomuch that they had here in England Clients and Dependants far richer and more powerful than their Fathers were in Normandy His Brother Odo by the Mothers side received from him the Earldom of Kent [8.] Ord. Vit. 522. D. was a Count Palatine and gave Laws as Viceroy or [9.] Ibidem second King and was Justiciary [1.] Justiciary of England of England the chief Man for Administring Justice under the King and after the death of William [2.] Malms 62. b. n. 53. Fitz-Osbern he was Vice-Dominus or Vidame of all England under the King Besides those in Kent [3.] Domesd in the several Counties Odo had 439 Lordships of the Gift of his Brother where he had 184 Lordships or Farms he also had in Essex 39 in Oxfordshire 32 in Hertfordshire 23 in Buckinghamshire 30 in Worcestershire two in Bedfordshire eight in Northamptonshire 12 in Nottinghamshire five in Norfolke 22 in Warwickshire six in Lincolnshire 76 in all 439. To [4.] Orderic 523. A. Geofry Bishop of Constance had 280 Lordships Geofry Bishop of Constance in Normandy who was often his Lieutenant-General after the Battle of Hastings he gave 280 Maners which he left to his Nephew Robert Molbray made Earl of Northumberland by William the Conqueror [5.] Hoveden 243. b. n. 47. after the death of Walcher Bishop of Duresm who had the Government of it Robert also Earl of Moreton in Normandy and by his Mother Brother to William had the Earldom of [6.] Malmsb 88. b. n. 46. Cornwall given him and in that 248 Maners [7.] Domesd in the several Counties Robert Earl of Moreton in Normandy and Cornwall in England half Brother to William had 793 Lordships of his Gift The Earl of Richmont in Sussex 54 and the Burrough of Pevensey in Devonshire 75 and a Church and House in Exceter in Yorkshire 196 in Wiltshire five in Dorsetshire 49 in Suffolke 10 in Hantshire one in Cambridgeshire five in Hertfordshire 13 in Buckinghamshire 29 in Gloucestershire one in Northamptonshire 99 in Nottinghamshire six in all 793. And now while I mention these Earls and their Possessions I shall be somewhat more large in the Account I give of these two following that in some measure the Power and Authority of the Earls in those days may appear And first I shall take notice of [8.] Vincent fol. 57. Alan Fergant Earl of Britane in France whose Grandmother Hawis was Great Aunt to William the Conqueror This [9.] Ord. vit fol. 544. C. Alan Married Constance Daughter to King William to [1.] Ex. Reg. Honor. de Richmond in Bibl. Cotton sub Effig Faustini B. 7. fol. 7â— whom in the third year of his Reign at the Siege of York he gave all the Lands of Earl Edwin in Yorkshire in these words [2.] Ibid. Cambden in Richmondshire The Conquerors Grant to the Earl of Brittain Ego Gulielmus cognomine Bastardus Rex Angliae do concedo tibi (g) He Married the Conquerors Daughter Constance but why he called him his Nephew I know not Nepoti meo Alanâ— comiti Brittaniae haeredibus tuis in perpetuum omnes villas terrâ—s quae nuper fuerunt Comitis Edwini in Eborascirâ cum feodis militum Ecclesiis aliis libertatibus consuetudinibus ita liberè honorisicè sicut idem Edwinus eadem tenuit data obsidione coram Civitate Eboraci That is I William Surnamed Bastard King of England give and grant to thee my Nephew Alan Earl of Brittain and thy Heirs for ever all those Towns or Villages and Lands which were lately Earl Edwins in Yorkshire with Knights Fees and Churches with other Liberties and Customs as freely and honourably as the same Edwin held them Dated in the Siege before York These Lands when given were [3.] Ibid. in Registro de Richmond Gildable that is paid a Rent Tax or Custom to the King but by his favour they were changed into a Liberty or (h) Honour was feodum Nobile beneficium Regale An Honour what it was The general practice of the Normans in building Castles for their own safety in these ancient times granted by the King for great Services done or to be done it was the same sometimes with the Parony or Earldom it self sometime it signified the Jurisdiction of them and other some the Capus Baronia the chief Seat Castle or place of Residence of the Earl or Baron and was never then attributed to small Baronies Honour which was the Northern part of Yorkshire now called Richmondshire Being possessed of these Lands he built a Castle [4.] Ibidem Richmont Castle built Why so called and (i) This was the general practice of the Normans to whom the Lands of the English were given especially of the great ones and of the Conqueror himself who was at vast Expences in building very many Castles Place of Strength by his Capital Mansion of Gillings for the defence and safety of his People and Tenents against the English and Danes then thrust out of their Estates and Inheritance and named it Richmont according to the French denomination which signifies Rich-Mount or Hill it being situated upon the highest and most pleasant part of all that Territory For the guard and security of this Castle It was Guarded by the Earls Tenents his chief Tenents had their several Places assigned them and had several Knights Fees given them for their Service thus set down in the Register or Book of Richmond in Cottons Library Placea Ranulphi fil Roberti in Castro Richmond ad Capellam Sancti Nicholai six Knights Fees The Establishment of the Guard of Richmont Castle Ibidem inter feoda Militaria He had six Knights Fees This and the rest I shall render in English as there mentioned The place of Ranulph Fitz-Robert in the Castle of Richmond by the Chappel of St. Nicholas The place of the Constable in the Keep Ibidem inter feoda milit he had six Knights Fees and an half The place of Brian Fitz-Alan in the great Hall of Scouland He had four Knights Fees and a sixth part He had three Knights Fees and a sixth part The place of Torphin Fitz-Robert of Manfield between
Bishops and Earls I have required him to deliver me the Captive Duke but could not obtain my desire I sent Robert de Belism to him on several Messages he secured him in his Court cast him into Bonds and yet keeps him Prisoner Earl Tedbald is my Vassal and yet by the instigation of his Uncle he riseth up against me and being inflated by his Power and Riches Rebelled and made grievous War against me and my Kingdom and much more to this purpose [6.] Ibidem fol. 859. B. All the French Clergy in this Council justified what he said yet Geofrey Arch-Bishop of Rouen and all the Norman Bishops and Abbats rose up to make his defence and excuse him but could not be heard In this Juncture [7.] Ibid. fol. 863. C. D. Tedbald Earl of Blois reconciles the Noble Normans to King Henry Tedbald Earl of Blois the Kings Nephew made it his business to reconcile all dissenting Persons to the King and brought to him Almaric de Montfort who was received into his favour and restored to the whole Earldom of his Uncle William Eustachius also and Julian his Wife the Kings Natural Daughter were at that time restored to his Grace and their Lands except Breteul which for his faithful Service the King had given to his Kinsman Ralph de Guader in recompence whereof he gave him yearly 200 Marks of Silver in England Hugh de Gournay and Robert de Newburgh with the rest of King Henry's Enemies came in and were graciously received Only Stephen Earl of Albamarle stood out who seeing the King coming against him with an Army by Advice of his Friends humbly satisfied him and thereupon to his own satisfaction was pardoned When this Council was ended in [8.] Ibid. fol. 864. D. 865. A. B. The Pope moves King Henry to restore his Brother Robert and his Son November following the Pope came into Normandy and met King Henry at Gisors to Treat of Peace He told him by the Law of God every Man ought to enjoy his Right and that it was his Desire and the Request of the Council that he should free Robert his Brother from his Bonds and restore him and his Son William to the Dukedom He [9.] Ibidem C. D. His Answer to the Pope Answers the Pope that he did not take the Dukedom from his Brother but only secured his Fathers Inheritance which was given away to Dissolute Men Thieves and Robbers That he was called into Normandy by the Bishops Clergy and Religious to prevent the desolation of the Church and that what he did was not out of choice but by compulsion and invitation The Pope satisfied with his Answer to preserve the Country from desolation and ruine With this Answer which was the same the Norman Bishops would have given in the Council to the King of France the [1.] Ibidem fol. 866. B. Pope was satisfied and approved what he had done and said he had heard enough of the Duke and his Son And so leaving them to shift for themselves his next [2.] Ibid. fol. 866. B. C D. The Pope makes Peace between the Kings of France and England work was to strike up a Peace between the two Kings which was suddenly accomplished without the least cavil exception or difficulty all Castles and Strong Holds taken in the time of War being mutually delivered and Prisoners on both sides set at liberty The War being [3.] Ibidem fol. 867. C. King Henry comes for England ended and things well setled in Normandy King Henry commanded a Fleet to be prepared and many Military Men of all sorts that had served him well and faithfully to accompany him into England where he intended to bestow on some large Rewards and to raise others to great Honours At this time Ralph de Guader who had the Town of Montfort and other Towns and great Possessions in Britany upon the Kings consent and good will offered his Daughter in Marriage to his Natural Son Richard and with her the Towns and Castles of Breteul Gloz and Lire and his whole Honour in Normandy Which intended Marriage was never compleated When the Fleet [4.] Ibid. D. was ready in the Port of Bartaflot now Barfleur the King with a noble splendid Train the Wind at South set Sail on the Twenty fifth of November in the Evening and landed in England next Morning His Sons William and Richard had not the same good fortune for being in another Vessel called the White Ship whereof one Thomas Fitz-Stephen was Captain or Master [5.] Ibidem fol 668. A. Prince William c. with 300 Persons drowned who pretended to hold his Place or Office in Fee both Master and Mariners had got too much Wine in their Heads and striving to be the foremost Ship in the Fleet run upon a Rock and split the Ship so as she presently sunk with near 300 Persons in her [6.] Ibidem f. 870. A. B. Amongst whom were as before noted Prince William his half Brother Richard and his half Sister Maude the Wife of Rotro Earl of Mortain in Perch Richard Earl of Chester and many of the young Nobility who chose that Ship for the Company sake The King [7.] Ibidem fol. 871. A. distributed the Honours and Estates of such as perished in this Shipwrack very providently for he Married their Widows Daughters and Nieces to his Courtiers and Soldiers and gave with them their Patrimonies King Henry [8.] Ibidem A. D. 1120. having lost his Wife and Son by the Counsel of his Wise Men resolved to Marry and chose for his Wife Alice the fair Daughter of Godfrey Duke of Lovain She continued his Queen fifteen years but never bare him any Children Many [9.] Ibidem f. 875. C.D. An. Do. 1122. A new Contrivance against King Henry observing that King Henry had no Issue Male looked towards William Duke Roberts Son and endeavoured to set him up Amongst whom was Gualeran and Robert the Sons of Robert Earl of Mellent who had been Educated in the Kings Court and used as tenderly as his own Children and were both Knighted by him Gualeran besides his Fathers Estate the Earldom of Mellent in France had Beaumont and the Patrimony belonging to it in Normandy His Brother Robert had the Earldom of Leicester in England to whom the King gave Amicia the Daughter of Ralph de Guader which had been Contracted to his Son Richard and Breteul in Normandy with all the Estate appertaining to that Others of the [1.] Ibid. fol. 876. A. B. C. The Confederates Confederacy were Almaric de Monteforti Earl of Eureux the Kings perpetual Foe Hugo de Monteforti Hugo de Novo-Castello or New-Castle William Lupell Baldric de Braye and Pagan de Gisors c. who met in September and entred into a general Conspiracy The King [2.] Ibid. D. An. Do. 1122. Civil War in Normandy understood their Designs and in October summoned together a great Force at Rouen and on
three years [9.] Orderic f. 89â— D. Contin ad Florent f. 665. An. Do. 1134. and about four Months and in the mean time his Brother Robert died on the Tenth of February in the Castle of Cardif in Wales after he had been Prisoner Twenty eight years and was buried in St. Peters Church in Gloucester In the [1.] Ord. fol. 900. B. C. D. An. Do. 1135. Geofrey Duke of Anjou disturbs King Henry last year of his Reign hearing strange news of the Insurrections of the Welsh he thrice endeavoured with a choice number of Bowmen and others to come for England but was diverted by his Son in Law Geofry (i) When his Father in Law Fulke was made King of Jerusalem and Prince of Antioch he gave to him Anjou and all his Territories in France Duke of Anjou who affected the great Treasures of his Father in Law and demanded Normandy affirming that was the Agreement he made with him when he Married his Daughter He despised the Kings Admonitions and Advice and so far provoked him that he had thought of taking his Daughter from him and carrying her into England He besieged Roscelin Viscount of Beaumont in Mans Son in Law to the King and burnt that Town down to the ground This was the Origin of great Dissentions in Normandy and William Talvace Talvace and Toeny Incendiaries King Henry keeps them in awe and Roger de Toeny or Todeny were suspected to be the chief Incendiaries in these Broils The King placed a good Garison in the Town of Conches that was Todeney's chief Strength which kept him quiet Talvace he often summoned to his Court who refused to come whereupon he seized all his Lands And thus deprived of all his Honours he went to the Earl of Anjou and lived in his Country The King from the beginning of August till the Feast of All-Saints went about and viewed the Country of Seez and took into his possession Alencon and Almenesche and other Castles belonging to Talvace On the [2.] Ibid. fol. 901. B. C. Twenty fifth of November he came to Lions Castle and ordered his Huntsmen to Hunt in that Forest the day following but that night he fell sick and died the First of December King Henry dies being Sunday His Body was brought into England and buried in the Monastery of Reading He orders all Exiles to be restored pardons all Mulcts and Forfeitures Before his death he ordered that all Forfeitures or Mulcts should be forgiven all Exiles restored to their Country and that all Men whose Estates had been seized should enjoy them again He directed also his Son Robert who had the Custody of his Treasure at Falais that he should distribute 60000 l. amongst his Servants and Stipendiary Knights or Horsemen The noise of his Sickness drew the Noblemen about him and there were present [3.] Ibidem five Earls Robert of Gloucester William de Warrenna Rotro Earl of Mortain in Perch Waleran of Mellent and Robert of Leycester aliique Proceres Tribuni Nobilesque Oppidan other Noblemen great Commanders and Noble (k) 'T is frequent with Ordericus Vitalis to call Castellans or Governors of Towns and Castles Oppiandi especially in the twelfth and thirteenth Books of his History Lib. 12. fol. 853. B. fol. 850. C. fol. 843. C. Castellans These ask the King about his Successor [4.] Malms Hist Novell fol. 100. b. n. 30. He names his Daughter to the Succession No Rebellions in England during his absence in Normandy by reason he was kind to the Clergy and rigorous to Seculars and he adjudged all his Land in England and France to his Daughter by lawful and perpetual Succession being angry with her Husband because he had provoked him by several injuries The King was in Normandy far the greatest part of his Reign yet never had Insurrection or Rebellion against him in England which is to be imputed to his favour and kindness to the Clergy the Bishops especially who were therefore his Friends and to the rigorous Execution of his Secular Government [5.] Ibidem fol. 91. b. n. 10 20 30. for he was inflexible in the rigor of Justice and never suffered any thing committed by Delinquents not consentaneous to his Dignity to go unpunished These were the meer Secular Actions of this King what he had to do with the Ecclesiasticks compleats his Story and acquaints us with the foundation of all the Rebellious Actions and Practises first of the Clergy and then of the Temporal Barons by their instigation which will be related in the following History Church Story ON the [6.] Eadm f. 55. n. 30. f. 56. lin 1. An. Do. 1100. Anselm refuseth to do Homage to the King Twenty third of September Anselm landed at Dover and a few days after went to the King at Salisbury and was kindly received by him But required to do Homage to the King as by Custom it had been done to his Ancestors and receive the Arch-Bishoprick from his Hands Answered He neither would or could do it The reason of his denial having been demanded he insisted on divers things which had been determined in the Council at [7.] Concil Rom. tertium Under Pope Vrban the II. Lab. Tom. 10. Col. 615 616 â—17 Denies him the right of Investitures Anselm would have the King obedient to the Pope Rome which if the King would receive and observe there should be a firm Peace between them but if otherwise he could not see that his stay in England was either honest or profitable especially if the King continued to dispose of Bishopricks and Abbacies for then he could neither come into the presence of the King or company of such as received them from him Neither as he said did he return into England to reside there unless the King would be obedient to the Pope [8.] Eadm ut supra n. 10 20. Who hearing these things was much troubled esteeming it a great matter to lose the Investitures of Churches and Homage of Bishops thinking it also a grievous thing that Anselm should depart the Kingdom having scarce been confirmed in it In the first he should as it were lose half the Kingdom and in permitting the second he was afraid lest Anselm should pass over Sea to his Brother Robert then come from Jerusalem and bring him into subjection to the Roman See which he knew was easie to be done and then make him King of England Upon these Verbal Altercations the further debate of the matter was respited until Easter that Messengers might on both sides be sent to the Pope to incline him to wave his Decrees and suffer the Custom of the Kingdom to have its course and the Church the mean time to remain in the same State it was Anselm knew it signified nothing to send Messengers yet to avoid suspicion from the King or great Men he consented to what they desired The Decrees of the Pope have been touched before and they were Sentences
the Twenty ninth year of his Reign this King [3.] Huntingd. f. 220. a. n. 10 20. The punishment of Priests permitted to the King He Compounds with them for the enjoyment of their Wives and Concubines Kiâ—g Henry's Taxations held a great Council on the First of August for the prohibiting of Priests to make use of their Wives or Concubines in which the Bishops and Clergy by the easiness of William Arch-Bishop of Canterbury granted to the King the Correction and Mulcts of the Priests for this Transgression He makes his advantage of it and upon Composition and a yearly payment permits them to enjoy their Wives and Concubines and by this means raised saith Huntingdon an infinite Sum of Money The extraordinary Taxations of this King are not particularly noted nor is it said how they were imposed In the Fourth year of his Reign [4.] Fol. 652. An. Do. 1104. Florence of Worcester says it was not easie to declare what misery England suffered by reason of the Kings Exactions In the Sixth year of his [5.] Eadm fol. 83. n. 30 40. Reign his Impositions were general and cruel according to Eadmers report and besides other rigorous Exactions from the Clergy he set a particular Sum upon every Parish Church and forced the Incumbent to pay it or according to the Historian to redeem the Church In the Eighth year of his Reign he had for the [6.] Hen. Hunt f. 217. b. n 10. Marriage of his Daughter Maude to the Emperor Henry the Fifth three Shillings of every Hide of Land in England which upon a just value at this day would be equal to 824850 l. In the Sixteenth year by reason of the Kings necessities England was oppressed with [7.] Ibidem f. 218. a. l. 6. Paris f. 67. lin 3. frequent and various Payments and Exactions I find no Scutage paid unless it were comprehended under Gelds and Exactions No doubt but it was often paid especially by such as did not accompany the King in his several Expeditions being summoned and sometimes also as an Aid at other times Besides his extraordinary Exactions if there be any credit to be given to the Laws attributed to this King or that are said to be in use in his time he had a constant annual Land Tax which is there called Danegeld of Twelve pence upon very (m) This Hidage or Danegeld was at first collected to hire Soldiers to repell the Danish Pirats upon their Landing Hidage or Danegeit what it was as it is said in the [1.] LL. Ed. C. 11. Laws attributed to Edward the Confessor But Florence of Worcester says more truly [2.] Flor. Wig. An. Do. 991. Ibid. in the same years that it was paid as a Composition and Tribute to the Danes that they might desist from their Rapines Burnings and killing of Men upon and near the Sea Coasts and for to have a firm Peace with them and that the first Payment made and Money given was 10000 l. in the year 991. In the year 994. they received 16000 l. Tribute in the year 1002. 24000 l. in the year 1007. 36000 l. in 1012. 48000 l. in 1014. 30000 l. in the year 1018. 72000 l. of all England and 10500 l. of London In this Kings Reign [3.] Lib. Nigr. in Scaccario Tit. 19. The price of Victuals in this Kings Reign Wheat to make Bread for One hundred Men one day was valued at one Shilling a Ram or Sheep at four Pence and the Allowance or Hay and Provender for twenty Horses one day at four Pence So that if we set things at twenty times the value now they were then that is that one Shilling or Groat then would buy as much as twenty Shillings or Groats will now and go as far in ordinary Expences which is no hard Account it follows that every 10000 l. then must be equal to 200000 l. In the time of the Heptarchy there were in England [4.] Cambd. Brit. f. 114. South of Humber 244400 Hides of Land bâ—sides what was in Wales and perhaps Cornwall and the five Counties beyond Humber Yorkshire Bishoprick of Durham Westmorland Cumberland Northumberland and part of Lancashire which at one Shilling per Hide amounts to 12220 l. which multiplied by twenty produceth 244400 l. and then allow the five Counties and part of Lancacashire to be the eighth part of the Nation Wales excluded there ought to be added 30550 l. more which makes the annual Tax of Hidage then at one Shilling per Hide equal to 274950 l. now Hide to be paid at certain Terms and a forfeiture set upon such as did not duely pay it Henry the First his Issue 1. HIS Lawful Issue by Maude of Scotland was only one Son named William who was drowned as aforesaid and died without Issue 2. One Daughter commonly called Maude the Empress because first Married to Hen. 5 th the Emperor Her second Husband was Geofry (n) Plantagenet or Plantagenist that is Planta genestae or Broom Plant Plantagenet the reason of the name because he wore in his Cap or Bonet a Sprig of Broom Plantagenet Earl of Anjou by whom she had Henry the Second King of England and two other Sons [3.] Chron. Norm 994. A. Geofry and [4.] Ibidem 999. C. William that died without Issue His Natural Children 1. RObert created Earl of Gloucester in the Ninth of Henry the First by [5.] Geneal Hist of the Kings of England fol. 45. Nesta Daughter of Rhees ap Tewdor Prince of South Wales 2. Richard begotten of the [6.] Ibidem fol. 30. Widow of one Anskil a Nobleman in Oxfordshire he was drown'd with Prince William his half Brother 3. Reynald created Earl of Cornwall in the Fifth of King Stephen was begotten of [7.] Fol. 50. Sibill Daughter of Sir Robert Corbet of Alcester in Gloucestershire 4. Robert by [8.] Fol. 30. Edith Daughter of a Northern Nobleman of England 5. Gilbert Ibid. f. 31. 6. William [9.] Ibidem de Tracey so named from a Town in Normandy who died soon after his Father 7. Henry by [1.] Ibidem Nesta aforesaid 8. Maude [2.] Ibidem f. 32. espoused to Rotro Earl of Perch who was Son to Arnulph de Hesding that had great Possessions in England 9. Another Maud [3.] Ibidem Married to Conan Earl of Britain 10. Julian [4.] Ibidem Married to Eustace de Pacie Bastard Son of William de Breteul eldest Son and Heir of William and elder Brother of Roger Earl of Hereford in England 11. Constance [5.] Ibidem f. 33. Wife of Roscelin Viscount of Beaumont so called from a Town in the County of Mayn 12. [6.] Ibidem Married to Matthew Son of Burchard of Montmorency from whom descended the ancient Family of that name 13. Elizabeth [7.] Ibidem by Elizabeth Sister of Waleran Earl of Mellent Married to Alexander King of Scots All these Base Children of this King are recounted in
Wales to meet him viz. Rese the Son of Griffin King of South-Wales David Son of Owen King of North-Wales Cadwalan King of Delwain Owen de Kevilian Griffin de Bromfield Madoc Son of Gervet Chone and many others of the most Noble of Wales who all did Homage and sware Fealty to him against all Men and that they would keep Peace with him and his Kingdom To King David who had Married King Henry's Sister he gave the Land of Ellesmar and to King Rese the Land of Merionith These things [9.] F. 323. b. n. 20 30. Hoveden says were done in a General Council at Oxford and that there King Henry made his Son John King of Ireland c. More of which afterwards On the Sunday before [1.] Ben. Abb. p. 98. b. 99. a. The Tenents in Capite attend the King with Horse and Arms. Ascension-day the King was at Winchester where by his Precept all the Earls Barons and almost all the Knights or Soldiers that held of him in Capite came to him prepared with Horse and Arms to know his Commands for at that time he had caused most of the Ships of England and Normandy to be ready at Portsmouth and Southampton to Transport them with the King On Ascension-day the King gave them leave to go Home and return to Winchester again in the Octaves of St. John Baptist which is the first of July and then to execute his Commands The King [2.] Ibidem p. 103. a. He defers his passing into Normandy with his Tenents in Capite until he sent to the King of France about the Contracts of Marriage made between their Children was at Winchester at the time appointed and his Tenents in Capite ready to pass into Normandy with him but deferred his Voyage until the Envoys he had sent to the King of France [3.] Ibidem p. 99. b. to know whether he would stand to his Bargain and Contract concerning his two Daughters Margaret and Alice and his two Sons Henry and Richard and whether he would give them the Lands he promised them in Marriage were returned They came [4.] Ibidem p. 104. a. The King of France refuseth to stand to his part of the Bargain but would force the King of England to make good his and procures the Popâ—s Legat to threaten an Interdict The King of England by â—is Bishops Appeals from the Legat to the Pope not themselves but by special Messengers let the King know the effect of their Negotiation with the King of France which was That the King of France would part with no Land and yet expected his Son Richard Earl of Poictou should Marry his Daughter Alice and if he did not the Popes Legat threatned and was ready to put all his Dominions as well on one side of the Sea as the other under an Interdict The King Advised with his Bishops viz. Richard Arch-Bishop of Canterbury Geofry of Ely Bartholomew of Exceter and John Bishop of Chichester and other Wise Men of his Kingdom that were then with him what he should do in this matter They Counselled the King by the Bishops that were there to Appeal to Pope Alexander against his Legat which they did and put the King themselves and the whole Kingdom under his Protection and the King sent to the Arch-Bishop of York that he and his Province should make the same Appeal as the Arch-Bishop of Canterbury had done in his Province This was about the Twelfth of July Notwithstanding this [5.] Hoved. f. 325. b. n. 30. Appeal the King about the middle of [6.] Ben. Abb. p. 107. b. He passeth with his Army over Sea August passed into Normandy from Portsmouth and almost all the Earls Barons and Knights of England followed him On the Twenty first of [7.] Hoved. ut supra The Covenants of Marriage between the Children of the two Kings Upon Conference they agree September the two Kings came to a Conference at Yurâ— in presence of the Legat and the great Men of both Kingdoms where the King of England gave his Faith that Richard his Son Earl of Poictou should take Alice Daughter of the King of France to Wife if her Father would give him with her in Marriage the City of Bourges with its Appurtenances as it was Covenanted between them and to Henry his Son all the French Veuxin that is all the Land between Gisors and Pontoise which he promised to give him in Marriage with his Daughter And because the King of France would not perform these things he would not permit his Son Richard to Marry his Daughter Alice Yet in this Conference by Advice of the Cardinal and Legat and the Princes of both Kingdoms there was Amity and final Concord made between them Benedict the Abbat [8.] P. 108. a. says That King Henry granted that his Son Richard should * He was Affianced to her but never Married Marry the Daughter of the King of France and so they made Peace which was confirmed by their Faith Oaths and Seals Which was to this [9.] Ibidem purpose I. They Agreed [1.] Append. n. â—6 Articles of Agreement between the two Kings to take upon them the Cross and to together to Jerusalem against the Infidels II. That if either were injured or affronted they should assist each other III. That all manner of Discord might be cut off between them they granted each to other that from thence forward neither of them should demand of the other any Lands or other things they were in possession of except what was in Contention between them in Avergn and except the Fee of Castle-Ralph and the small Fees and Divises or Limits of Lands in Berry about which if they could not Agree between themselves there were three Barons and three Bishops named on either part who were to determine of their Right according to the Oaths of such Lay-Men as understood and knew it and they to stand to their Determination IV. That if either of them should die in their Journey the other should have the Management of the Men and Money and whole Affair V. That if they should both die in the Journey they were before they set forth to choose such of their honest and faithful Men or Vassals de probis fidelibus hominibus nostris to whom they should commit their Money the Leading and Government of their Soldiers and the Ordering of the whole Service or Expedition VI. They were to appoint such Governors of their Dominions in their absence as in all Difficulties should assist one another VII That Tradesmen Merchants and all Men as well Clerks as Laymen with all their Goods should be secure and free from molestation in both their Dominions This Treaty [2.] Hoved. f. 326. a. n. 50 c. Ben. Ab. p 109. b. The Statute of Verneul so called being ended the King of England went to Verneul and there upon the Petition of the Good Men of Grammont he Ordained in the presence
Sunday in Lent at which day He the Patriarch the Bishops Abbats Earls and Barons of England William King of Scots David his Brother and the Earls and Barons of that Kingdom met at London and then Deliberating and Advising about this Affair they unanimously agreed the King should Consult the King of France and so the Council was dissolved The King gives all his Subjects leave to take upon them the Cross And the King gave leave to all his Subjects as well Clerks as Laicks to take the Cross and thereupon Baldwin Arch-Bishop of Canterbury * Ranulph or as some Radulph de Glanvill Ranulph Justiciary of England Walter Arch-Bishop of Roven Hugh Bishop of Durham and many other Bishops in England and beyond Sea and almost all the Earls Barons and Knights of England Normandy Aquitan Britany Anjou Turain and Main undertook the Crusado On the Second of May [3.] Ibidem f. 359. a. n. 30. An. Do. 1185. Richard submits to King Henry his Father the King Heraclius Patriarch of Jerusalem the Bishop of Durham and many of the Chief Men of England went intâ— France in Normandy the King raiseth a great Army and sent to his Son Richard who had Armed Poictou against his Father and beaten Geofry his Brother Earl of Britany That unless he delivered all that Country to his Mother Alienor free and in Peace he would come and scourge him for his obstinacy and undutifulness At whose Command he laid by all Hostility rendred to his Mother Poictou and remained with his Father as a very kind Son A while after [4.] Ibidem n. 40. The Kings of England and France promise Relief for the Holy Land The Patriarch goes away dissatisfied the Kings of England and France had a Conference about the Relief of the Holy Land and they both promised to give very good Assistance in Men and Money But this pleased not the Patriarch for he hoped he should have carried back with him for the defence of it the King of England or one of his Sons or some other Man of great Conduct and Authority but because he could not do this he returned much disatisfied and confounded King Henry at [5.] Ib. f. 360. a. n. 20. The King of France promises to give Alice his Sister to Richard Christmass kept his Court at Damfront in Normandy and after that Solemnity at a Conference with Philip King of France at Gisors he sware he would deliver to his Son Richard Alice the Kings Sister that he might make her his Wife and the King of France granted to Richard with his Sister Gisors and all that his Father Lewis had granted with his Daughter Margaret to Henry the young King of England and swore he would never move any Question against them concerning those Lands After this Conference the King passed into England Soon after [6.] Ibidem Rowland the Scot makes his Peace with the King his arrival he marched to Carlisle with a great Army and intended to go further to correct Roland or Rowland the Son of Vctred the Son of Fergus for Disseising Dunecan the Son of Gilbert the Son of Fergus but Rowland came thither to the King and made his Peace with him The same year [7.] Ibidem n. 30. An. Do. 1186. Geofry Earl of Britany in a Military Conflict at Paris was kicked by and trampled under the Horses Feet and slain where he was buried in the Cathedral After whose [8.] Ib. f 361. a. n. 40 50. Geofry killed in a Military Coâ—flict at Paris by his Horse death Philip King of France would have had the Custody of his Daughter and then only Heir but the King of England would no way consent to it and sent Walter Arch-Bishop of Roven William de Mandevill Earl of Albamarle and Ranulf de Glanvill Justiciary of England at whose Request the King of France granted a Truce until the Feast of St. Hillary next In the mean time [9.] Ibidem b. n. 10. He left his Wife with Child of his Son Arthur Constance the Widow of Earl Geofrey whom he had left great with Child brought forth a Son who was named Arthur Next Winter [1.] Ibidem n. 40. the King carried over into France Cardinal Octavian and Hugh de Nunant that they might be present at a Treaty between him and that King at which Conference he made such intolerable Demands that they departed one from another without hopes of Peace After Whitsunday [2.] Ibidem n. 50. An. Do. 1187. Richard and John the Kings â—ons besieged by the King of France the King of France besieged the King of England's two Sons John and Richard with a great Army in Castle-Radulf Their Father comes to Relieve them the King of France meets him with his Army and draws it up in Batalia the King of England likewise rangeth his when by Advice [3.] Ib. f. 362. a lin 1. A Truce made for two years and Mediation of the Bishops of both Kingdoms they make a Truce for two years so as the King of France should posssess Issoudun for that time The Truce concluded [4.] Ibidem n. 10. Richard seizes his Fathers Treasure and fortifies his Castles Earl Richard against the Will of his Father remained with the King of France and such an Intimacy there was between them that they often eat together and lay in the same Bed His Father grew jealous of him and often sent for him out of France he pretending to come to him went directly to Chinon where his Fathers Treasure was and carried away the greatest part of it notwithstanding the resistance the Keeper of it made and with it fortified his Castle in Poictou and would not come at his Father At last he submits and does Homage Yet at length he once more returned and did Homage to his Father before many of the Clergy and Laity and swore to him Fealty against all Men upon the Holy Gospels and that he would never recede from his Advice On Christmass-day [5.] Ibidem f. 365. b. lin 1. n. 10. The King of France threatens to invade Normandy King Henry was at Caen in Normandy from thence he went to Barsleu and from thence into England So soon as the King of France heard he was gone he gathered a great Army and threatned to wast Normandy if he did not restore Gisors with its Appurtenances or Married not his Sister Alice to his Son Richard Upon notice of this the King presently passed into Normandy and on the Twenty first of January there was a Conference between them at the old place between Gisors and Trie where also were Convened the Arch-Bishops Bishops Earls and Barons of both their Dominions There was also at this great Convention the Arch-Bishop of Tire who Preached so effectually to them that all who were Enemies one to another were heartily reconciled Both Kings reconciled and receive the Cross and received the Cross from his Hands The Kings resolved to go
Pope and humbly Requested he would confirm the Election of his Brother Geofry and Consecrate him Arch-Bishop of York or permit it to be done by some oâ—er person When she went away she left the King of Navarre his Daughter with Ioan Queen of Sicily In April next following [4] Ibid. f. 393. 10 20. Hiâ— Fleet separated by a great Storm on Good Friday Eve King Richard with his whole Army set Sail from Messina with 150 Great Ships and 53 Gally's well armed on Saturday happened a great Storm which separated the Fleet The King with part of it was driven into Crete and from thence Sayled to Rhodes The great Buss Bussia magna in which was the Queen of Sicily and Berengaria and many of the Kings Servants with two other Busses were driven to the Isle of Cyprus [5] Ibid. Many Soldiers were drowned After the tempest the King sent out Gally's to seek for the Busse and found it without the Port of Limezun in Cyprus Such as escaped were imprisoned and Robbed by the Emperor of Cyprus The other two perished at the Entrance of the Port and in them many Knights and Kings Servants All their Goods Isaac or as others Cursac the Emperor as he called himself of Cyprus seized and all such as Escaped he imprisoned and robbed and would not permit the great Busse to enter into the Harbour When the King heard where the Busse was he came to their assistance with many Gally's and a great Fleet of Ships [6] Ibid. He sends to the Emperor to release his prisoners but is refused and found it without the Port exposed to the Wind and Sea He sent to the Emperor and humbly requested him with much earnestness the first second and third time to Release the Prisoners and restore their Goods He returned haughty answers and would not do what was begged of him King Richard provoked with these Barbarous actions [7] Ibid. b. n. 10 20 30. c. He takes the Town by assault and the Emperor and his Daughter Prisoners presently calls for his Arms bids his Soldiers follow and causeth them to land in Boats leads them on and takes the Town and in a short time Conquers the whole Island and took the Emperor Prisoner and his Daughter Here he was [8] Ibid. s 394. a. 10 20. A. D. 1991. King Richard marryed to Berengaria He sends the Emperor Prisoner to Tripoly Married to Berengaria on the 12th of May by his Chaplain Nicholas and was busied in setling the Island until the first of July which was the Eve of Pentecost and that day he sent the Emperor bound in Gold and Silver Chains to Tripoly and gave the Government of the Island to Richard de Camvill and Robert de Turnham And on the same day * Ibid. n. 30. the Queens of England and Sicily with the Emperors Daughter Landed and appeared before Acon with the greatest part of the Kings Fleet. Who staid [9] Ibid. n. 40 He settles the Government of Cyprus and went to the Siege of Acon behind and took one half the Goods of all the inhabitants of the Island and Confirmed the Laws and institutions they had in the time of Emanuel Emperor of Constantinople and went from thence with his Gallys on Thursday in Whitsun-week and next day arrived at Tyre and from thence went to the Siege of Acon which not long after was taken by the Christians This City being [1] Ibid. f. 396. â— n. 10 20 30. Acon taken aftâ—â— two years Siege The King of France desires leave of King Richard to return into his own Country taken after almost two years Siege King Richard desired of the King of France That they might mutually Swear they would stay in the Land of Ierusalem with their Army 's for three years and wholly subdue it He would make no such Oath but two days after sent to the King of England the Bishop Beavais and Hugh Duke of Burgundy c. by whom he asked Leave of him to return into his own Country Et per illos pettit Licentiam redeundi in Regionem suam To whom he objected the Disgrace it would be to the King of France if he returned and left the Business they came for undone But if he found himself infirm or weak or was afraid to dye there he might do his pleasure [2] Ibid. f. 397. a. lin 4. n. 10. The King of France was mighty uneasie and about a week after sent again to the King of England for leave to Return petiit iterum à Rege Angliae licentiam repatriandi but could not obtein it until he had made Oath That he would protect his Dominions and people until his return and that he would do no Dammage to them nor suffer any to be done by others which performed The King of France made the Duke of Burgundy his General and left with him the greatest part of his Treasure to pay the Soldiers Departed from Acon on the 31st of Julâ— After the Cities and Towns [3] Ibid. f. 408. a. n. 10 20. Rad. de Dicet Col. 667. n. 60. King Richard desires the French to joyn with him in the Siege of Jerusaâ—em but is refused upon the Sea Coast of Palestine by the Courage and Conduct of King Richard were all in the possession of the Christians He urged the Duke of Burgundy and French to joyn with him and besiege Ierusalem and would have ingaged them by Oath not to have stirred from before it until it had been taken They refused his proposition and told him they must leave that Country as soon as they could as their Master the King of France had commanded them and so left the King and went to Acon At this Time [4] Hoved. ut supra n. 30. Saladin offers a Truce for three years which was accepted by King Richard Saladin Emperor or General of the Saracens offered a Truce for three years upon such Terms as King Richard with the Advice of the Templars and whole Army thought fit to accept seeing his Army grew sickly and he wanted men and money And then [5] Ibid. n. 40 50. What moved him to hasten his return to England A. D. 192. by reason of the ill news he had received concerning the King of France The Expulsion of his Chancellor and his Brother Iohn That he had seized many of his Castles and would take from him his Kingdom if he Could left Palestine on the 8th of October and made as much hast homeward as he could But thinking it not safe to come through France he took his way through Germany from Aquilea upon the North Shore of the Venetian Gulf and on the 20th of [6] Rad. de Diceto Col. 668. n. 30 40. King Râ—chard taken Prisoner in his return home He is delivered to the Emperor for a Summe of money December was in Disguise taken at Vienna by the Duke of Austria and afterward on Wednesday in Passion Week Delivered to the
he came into Normandy he forthwith went to Stephan Langeton performed his Canonical Obedience to him and was Consecrated by him on the 20th of December And when it was Known to the King he seized the Bishopric and confiscated the Profits and Delivering the Seal to VValter de Gray made him Chancellor King Iohn kept his Christmass at Windsor [2] Ibid. n. 20. A. D. 1210. The great men attend upon the King notwithstanding the Interdict where all the great men of England attended upon and conversed with him notwithstanding the Sentence of Interdict but whether out of Loyalty or Fear it remains Doubtful The Historian says Omnibus sese subtrahentibus Rex nocivè insidebatur the King sat upon the Skirts of all such as withdrew or absented themselves This year the [3] Ibid. f. 230. lin 6. n. 20. King passed over with an Army into Ireland and having [3] Ibid. f. 230. lin 6. n. 20. disposed all things according to his mind returned and Landed in England on the 30th of August and making great speed to London caused all the Prelates of England to appear before him Upon this [4] Ibid. n. 30. He Summons all the Prelates of England to appear before him All Ecclesiastics forced to a Composition general Summons there came Abbats Priors Abbesses Templars Hospitallers the Guardians of the Towns of the Order of Clugny and other Transmarine Aliens of what Order or Dignity soever who were all forced to so great a Composition as it was Reported the Summe amounted to an hundred thousand pounds Sterling And the White Monks only all other excepted were forced to pay to the King 40000 l. of Silver The King [5] Ibid. n. 40. A. D. 1211. He raised a great Army and Marched into Wales Summoned a great Army to meet him at VVhitchurch in Shrapshâ—re with which on the eighth of July he marched into VVales as far as Snowdun and carried all before him the Kings and Nobles he subdued without Resistance for their future subjection he received twenty eight Pleges And having passed all over that Nation came back to VVhitchurch on the 15th of August He subdued them and received Pleges for their obedience and proceeding from thence to Northampton where the Popes Nuntio Pandulph and Durand a Templar met him who came into England to make Peace between the Secular Government and the Ecclesiastic Qui ad hoc venerunt ut pacem inter Regâ—um Sacerdotium Reformarent At the Request of these men the King [6] Ibid. n. 50. This willingness to receive the Archbishop and all the proscribed Bishops freely granted that the Arch-Bishop of Canturbury and the Monks and all the Proscribed Bishâ—ps might return in Peace and Security to their own places But because the King would not make satisfaction for the Damages done to and the Goods of the Arch-Bishop and Bishops which were Confiscated The Treaty came to nothing the Nuntio and his assistant returning into France [7] Ibid. He â—axed those that did not go with him in hâ—s Welch expedition So soon as they were gone the King took of these Mâ—litary men that were not present in the Welch expedition for every Knights Fee two Marks of Silver About [8] Ib. f. 231. lin 1. A. D. 1211. Reginald Earl of Bologn ill used by the King of France He is kinâ—ly received by King John this time Reginald de Domino Martino Dan Martin Earl of Bologn was thrust out of his Earldom and deprived of all his Goods by the King of France who gave it to his own Son Philip in perpetual right with the Daughter and Heir of that Earl who came into England and was Honorably received by King Iohn by whose Bounty he received 300 l. a Year in Land and did Homage and Fealty to him [9] Ibid. l. 7. Tho. Walsin Hypodig Neust f. 460. n 20. Leolin Prince of North Wales made some incursions into England but was repelled and forced to subjection The Pope [1] Paris f. 231. n. 10. The Pope absolveth all his Subjects from their Allegiance much admiring the Contumacy of King Iohn That he would not comply with the Dictates of his Nuntio absolved all his Subjects high and low from their Fidelity and Subjection to him Forbidding all and singular under the pain of Excommunication strictly to avoid him at his Table in Counsel Discourse and Conversation At Dinner on [2] Ibid. n. 30. A. D. 1212. Mid-Lent Sunday the King Knighted Alexander the King of Scots Eldest Son and Heir And about that time Mauger [3] Ibid. Bishop of Worcester Dyed at the Abby of Pontigny in France Not long after [4] Ibid. n. 40. The Welch make Incursions into England the Welch made hostile irruptions and took several Castles in England and cut off the heads of the Defendants burnt many Towns and returned with great spoils into their own Country The King was much moved at this action and levyed a great Army exercitum innumerabilem of Knights and ordinary Horse and Foot resolving to harrass all Wales and exterminate the Inhabitants and in Revenge [5] Ibid. King John Hanged the Welch Hostages Hanged up the twenty eight Hostages or Pleges he had Received the year before Just as he was ready for the Expedition he received [6] Ibid. n. 50. He hath notice of a Conspiracy against him but slights it Letters from the King of Scots and his Daughter Wife to Leolin King of Northwales and others of a Traiterous Conspiracy formed against him all which he neglected and slighted and went on to Chester where again he received Letters [7] Ibid. f. 232. lin 1. That if he Marched forward he would either be Slain by his Noblemen or delivered to his Enemies to be Destroyed At these Repeated Letters he was much Troubled and when he understood his great men of England were absolved from their Obedience and Fealty he gave more Credit to the Letters [8] Ibid. lin 3. At length he was convinced and sent to his Great men for Pleges Atque cum intellixisset Magnates Angliae a sua esse Fidelitate absolutos majorem literis sibi destinatis Fidem adhibuit And then changing his Design Disbanded his Army and came to London and sent his Commissioners to all the Great Men he suspected to send him Pleges That thereby he might know who would or would not obey him Those who dare not resist the Kings Commands Some sent their Sons c others refused and fled sent their Sons Nephews and nearest Relations That so they might in some measure appease his indignation But Eustachius de Vesci and Robert Fitz-VValter being accused of the Treason fled out of England Eustachius into Scotland and Robert into France Some while after one [9] Ibid. n. 10. Peter the Hermite his Prophesie Peter an Hermite in the Diocess of York after he could not but see the Pope would Depose King Iohn Prophesied that
Bull was Dated at Viterbo in Italy 5. Idus Junii 9 th of June in the 2 d. year of his Pontificate which was A. D. 1267. the 51 st of this King and Directed to his Legat Ottobon but not put in Execution until after Christmass following The English and Welch every year almost and sometimes often in the same year made inrodes into each others Countries The Welch and English destroy one â—others Couâ—tries fired and burnt Houses took possession of each others Lands and Goods and more especially spoiled and wasted the Borders on both sides of which Actions seeing they were Ordinary and frequent I have not taken notice for many years But Lewelin Son of Griffin having been a great Friend to Montfort The King dâ—â—signed to châ—stise Lewelin Prince of Wales and a great support to him in his Rebellious practices in September this year the King came with a great Army to Shrewsbury with Design to March into Wales and Chastise him for his Vnfaithfulness to him who now wanting the help of the Rebellious Barons by Diverting the King applyed himself to the Legat He desires peace and oâ—tains it by whose Mediation a Peace was made [3] Cart. â—1 Hen. 3. M. â— De Reformâ—tionâ— paâ— iâ—ter Regem â— Lewelinum Principem Wallia The Articlâ— of the peacâ— so as all Lands should be restored on both sides and that the Customs of the Marches should still remain That King Henry should grant unto him and his heirs the principality of Wales and that they should be and be called Princes of Wales That they should receive the Homage and Fealty of all the Barons of Wales who were to hold their Lands of them in Capite except the Homage of Mereduâ— the Son of Rhese which the King reteined to him and his Heirs and if ever the King should grant it to him he should pay for it 5000 l. He likewise Granted him the four Cantreds of Borthwlad to hold and possess them as fully as ever the King and his Heirs had possessed them For which Principality Lands Homages and Grants the same Prince and his Successors were to swear Fealty and do Homage and perform the accustomed Services due to the King and his Heirs as they had been done by him and Predecessors to the King and his Ancestors And further was to give him 25000. Marks This Agreement bears Date at Shrewsbury 25 th of September 1267. The Record is long but this is all that is material in it A. D. 1268. 52 Hen. 3. The Pope having in his Bull of the Grant of the tenths of all Arch-Bishopricks Bishopricks c. before mentioned Commanded his Legat to Collect or Receive it or cause it to be Collected or Received by other fit persons [4] Cart. 51. Hen. 3. M. 10. in Cedula The Legat appoints Collectors of the tenth lately granted He assigned Walter the Elect of York Stephen of Canturbury and Ruffin Clivel Arch-Deacons in that Church to receive and pay it to the King one third part at Easter following another third part at Midsummer and the last at Michaelmass and so for every of the three years and the King by the Assignment of the Legat appointed [5] Pat. 52. Hen. 3. M. 32. intus M. 33. Collectors of this tenth in every Diocess The Dean and Chapter of Salisbury [6] Pat. 52. Hen. 3. M. 9. intuâ— Salisbury and Bath and Wells compound by the year with the King compounded with the King for 1000 l. a year for all the tenths arising out of that Diocess and the Dean and Chapter Abbats and all the Clegy of the Diocess of Bath and Wells [7] Ibid. M. 2. intus compounded with him for 500 Marks down and 350 l. 4 s. ob each year for their own tenths The King with his Army this year Marched [8] Paris fol. 1004. n. 30.40 The King Marcheth against the disinherited in the Isle of Ely He soon reduced or dispersed them toward the Isle of Ely to reduce or disperse such as had taken refuge there and by the assistance and advice of such as inhabited thereabout he made Bridges with Planks and Hurdles at convenient places so that the Soldiers with little difficulty entred the Isle and presently brought many of them to the Kings obedience and put the rest to flight In the year 1269. King Henry was at London [9] Ibid. fol. 1005. lin 1. A. D. 1269. Edward and Edmund the Kings Sons undertake the Cross with his Queen and Ottobon the Legat who called a Council at London and there constituted many things for the Reformation of the Church of England Soon after at Northampton he signed with the Cross Edward and Edmund the Kings Sons the Earl of Glocester and many other Noblemen of England and then with an inestimable Treasure returned to Rome At the same time the King [1] Ibid. n. 10. The Kings Proclamation for the security of his subjects goods caused it to be proclaimed throughout all England in every County that whoever should invade or injustly usurp any ones goods or possessions he should be lyable to a Capital Punishment which was soon after executed upon one at Dunstable who had driven away twelve Oxen that were the Villans of Colne belonging to the Abby of St. Albans who persued him and took him and brought him before the Baylif of the Liberties of St. Albans who read to him in English the Kings Letter before the whole Multitude and then by virtue of the Kings Command Sentenced him to be beheaded This year the King of [2] Ibid. n. 20. The King of France his invitation to Prince Edward France sent Messengers into England to invite Prince Edward to accompany him into the Holy-Land Prince Edward accepâ— his offer to whom the Prince replyed that the late Wars between the King and his Great-men had exhausted the English Treasury so that he had not sufficient to supply his necessary Expences for such an Expedition The King of France offered that if he would comply with his desires he would furnish him with 30000 Marks To which Prince Edward consented and forthwith offered Gascoigny as security for his Mony and then came into England to obtain leave of his Father King Henry which he granted with Tears and gave him his Blessing In the same year [3] Fol. 10â— lin 4. A Parlemeâ— at Merleberâ— Statutes mâ— there in the Octaves of St. Martin or the 19 th of November a Parlement was held at Marlebergh in which by the Assent of the Earls and Barons were made the Statutes of Merlebergh in quo assensu Comitum Baronum edita sunt Statuta quae de Marleberwe vocantur In the year 1270. King Henry [4] 1006. n. 10. A. D 1270. Prince Edmund Marriâ— with his Queen and the Chiefs of the Kingdom was at Christmass at Eltham On the eighth of April Edmund the Kings Second Son Married Auelin the Daughter of William de Albamarla
Earl of Holderness This whole year proved very quiet and peaceable holy- Prince Edwards preparation for tâ— Holy-land and nothing memorable happened only the great Preparation Prince Edward and others who had undertaken the Cross made for their Journy to the Holy-land The King as well as [5] Appenâ— n. 226. King Henry signed with the Cross He commits his Cross aâ— aid to his Sâ— Prince Edward Prince Edward was Signed with the Cross for this Expedition but the Prelates Great-men and Community of the Land did not think it expedient nor safe for them both to be absent at that time and therefore by the advice of the said Prelates and Great-men he committed the business of the Cross and the Sign of his Cross to his Son Edward and all the twentieth part of Moveables granted for the Ayd of the Holy-land In the year 1271. King Henry [6] Paris fâ— 1006. n. 30 A. D. 127â— with his Queen Sons and many of the Nobility kept his Christmass at London On the Second of April [7] Ibid. 1007. n. 30. Richard Kinâ— of the Romaâ— dyed at Berâ—chamsted Casâ— Richard King of the Romans dyed at Berkamstede Castle His heart was buried in the Fryers Minors Church at Oxford and his Body in the Church he built at his own Charges for the Monks of the Cistercian Order de Hailes In May following Prince Edward his Brother Edmund Prince Edward begins his Journy 〈◊〉 the Holy-laâ— He lands at Tunis and is kindly receiâ—ed by the King of Franâ— four Earls and as many Barons besides a great number of Noblemen began their Journey to the Holy-land and after ten days sail from France he landed at Tunis where he was met by the King of France and his Chief men with great joy and kindness [8] Fol. 10â— n. 40. In August Diseases and great Infirmities seized and afflicted the French Kings Army which took away many of great Note whereof the Chief were John Earl of Nevers the Kings Son and the Cardinal of Albania the Apostolic Legat and on the day after St. Bartholomew King Lewis [9] Ibid. n. 5 The King oâ— France dyes at Tunis departed this life at Tunis At the same time Henry the Son of Richard King of the Romans desired leave of his Cousin Prince Edward to return into England and having obtained Licence in his Journy homeward he was [1] Fol. 1007. n. 20. Prince Henry slain at Viterbo slain at Viterbo while he was at Mass in the Church of St. Lawrence by Guido the Son of Simon Montfort Earl of Leycester to revenge his Fathers death All these misfortunes could not discourage [2] Ibid. n. 30. Prince Edward from proceeding in his Journy to Acon where Alienor his Wife was brought to bed of a Daughter which was Named [3] Fol. 1006. n. 30. Joan de Acres Prince Edwards Daughter born at Acon Ioan de Acres afterwards Married to Gilbert Earl of Glocester When the English saw the undaunted Spirit of their Prince they resolved chearfully to accompany him in all his undertakings In the year 1272. while Prince [4] Fol. 1007. n. 40. A. D. 1272. Prince Edward escapeth a great danger at Acon Edward continued at Acon the Admiral of Ioppa or Consul as we call that Dignity sent to him several Letters and Messages of Friendship and kindness by one Anzazim who had been ever Educated under-ground that he might prove the more undaunted in any Attempt of desperate wickedness One time he pretended to have some private business to Communicate to him upon this the Prince Commanded all that were present to retire and as he was looking out of the Window on a sudden the Assassine drew out a poysoned Knife and gave him two wounds in the Arm and one in the Arm-hole The Prince having presently recovered himself threw him on the ground and then snatched the Knife out of his hands and imediatly killed him with it Others report he beat out his Brains with a Stool that was next him Then he called in his Friends and Servants and related to them what mischief had befaln him and Commanded the Body of the Assassine to be Hanged upon the Walls of the City with a live Dog by it to be a Terror to others When the Admiral heard of it he shewed great sorrow and assured the Prince he was no way Privy to it But when the Soldiers heard how their Prince was wounded they resolved to have revenged themselves upon the Saracens but were hindred by the Prince Next year there arose a great quarrel between the [5] Fol. 1008. n. 40.50 A. D. 1273. A great quarrel between the Citizens of Norwich and the Monks The Cathedral burnt The Citizens punished Citizens of Norwich and the Monks which was increased to such a height that the Citizens set fire to the Church which together with the adjoyning Buildings were all consumed except the Chappel of St. Walter nigh the Infirmary and sacrilegiously carryed away the Holy Vessels and other Utensils and their Books which escaped the Flames The King was much moved at this wickedness and sent Justiciary Tribet down to Norwich who Convicted a great Multitude of the Offenders and Condemned them all to be drawn at Horses Tayls and Hanged Soon after the King went thither in person and when he beheld the Ruins of the Church he could scarce refrain from Tears The Bishop of Rochester Excommunicated all that were concerned in or abetted this wickedness and the King Condemned the Community of the Town to pay 3000 Marks of Silver And fined towards the rebuilding of the Church besides Ten pounds in Gold and the value of one hundred pounds in Silver for a Golden Cup ad restaurandam Cuppam Auream Matt. Westminster says they were drawn and Hanged Judicially and then burnt and the Goods of those that fled Confiscated For the due Prosecution of these Criminals the King sent his [6] Pat. 56. Hen. 3. M. â— intus The Knights and Freeholders of Norâ—folk and Suffolk summoned to meet the King at Norwich As also the Knights and freeholders Cambridge aâ— Huntington-shires King Henry falls sick Precept to VVilliam Gifford Sheriff of Norfolk and Suffolk Dated September the 6 th at St. Edmunds-Bury to Summon all the Knights and Free-holders of both Counties that had twenty pounds a year and above to appear before him at Norwich on the 15 th of the same Month to do as they should be directed by him with advice of his Council The same Writ issued to the Sheriff of Cambridge and Huntingtonshires to summon Twenty four Knights and Free-holders Milites Libere tenentes that had Twenty pounds a year or above to be at Norwich the same day Then the King returned to London and as he passed by the Abby of St. Edmunds he was seized on by a languishing distemper which never left him as long as he lived In his sickness the [7] Paris 1009. n. 10. And dyes Earls Barons