and_o of_o burhham_n burham_n &_o and_o of_o of_o acclesse_a acclesse_a &_o and_o of_o of_o horstede_n horstede_n &_o of_o fearnlege_n and_o of_o farley_n &_o of_o terstane_n and_o of_o teston_n &_o of_o cealce_a and_o of_o chalk_n &_o of_o hennhyste_n and_o of_o henhyrst_n &_o of_o and_o of_o aedune_n edon_n ðonne_v then_o be_v be_v seo_fw-la the_o five_o five_o per_fw-la paes_fw-la peer_n the_o arcebiscope_n archbishop_n to_o Æ¿roteham_n to_o wrotham_n &_o to_o maegþanstane_n and_o to_o maydstone_n &_o to_o and_o to_o Æ¿oþringebyran_n wateringbyrie_a &_o to_o netlestede_n and_o to_o nettlested_n &_o to_o þam_n and_o to_o the_o tÆ¿am_n peccham_n two_o peckam_n &_o to_o haeselholte_n and_o to_o haselholte_n &_o to_o maeranÆ¿yrþe_v and_o to_o mereworth_n &_o to_o lillanburnan_n and_o to_o layborne_n &_o to_o sÆ¿anatune_n and_o to_o swanton_n &_o to_o offaham_n and_o to_o ofham_n &_o to_o dictune_n and_o to_o dytton_n &_o to_o Æ¿esterham_n and_o to_o westerham_n &_o iiij_o gyrda_fw-mi to_o þillanne_n and_o four_o yard_n to_o plank_n &_o iij._n sylle_n to_o and_o 3._o plate_n to_o leccanne_v lie_v ðonne_v then_o be_v be_v syo_n the_o seoxte_v six_o per_n peer_n to_o to_o holingaburnan_n holingborne_n &_o to_o and_o to_o eallan_n all_o þam_n laeþe_n that_o lath_z &_o iiij_o gyrda_fw-mi to_o þelliene_n and_o four_o yard_n to_o plank_n &_o iiij_o sulla_o to_o leccenne_n and_o four_o plate_n to_o lay_v ðonne_v then_o be_v be_v syo_n the_o syoveþe_n seven_o &_o syo_n eahteþe_v per._n and_o the_o eight_o peer_n to_o hoÆ¿aran_n land_n to_o the_o man_n of_o hoo_n to_o to_o Æ¿yrcenne_n work_v &_o fyfte_fw-mi and_o four_o healf_n gird_v to_o þillanne_v yard_n and_o a_o half_a to_o plank_n &_o vj._n sulla_o to_o and_o six_o plate_n to_o lyccanne_v lay_v ðonne_v then_o be_v be_v syo_n the_o nigaþa_n nine_o per_fw-la peer_n þaes_fw-la the_o aercebiscope_n archbishop_n ê§_n be_v syo_n land_n per_fw-la aet_fw-la þam_fw-la that_o be_v the_o land_n peer_n at_o the_o Æ¿_a west_n aende_v end_n to_o to_o fliote_n fleet_n &_o to_o his_o clyfe_n and_o to_o his_o cliff_n bishop_n cliff_n &_o to_o hehham_n and_o to_o higham_n &_o to_o and_o to_o denetune_n denton_n and_o and_o to_o to_o melantune_v mâ—lton_n and_o and_o to_o to_o hludesdune_n ludsdowne_n and_o and_o to_o to_o meapeham_n mepham_n and_o and_o to_o to_o snodilande_n snodland_n and_o and_o to_o to_o berlingan_v berling_n and_o and_o to_o to_o peadlesÆ¿yrðe_v paddelsworthe_n and_o and_o ealla_fw-la ða_fw-la daeneÆ¿aru_fw-la to_o all_o that_o valley_n man_n and_o iiij_o gyrda_fw-mi to_o ðillianne_n and_o four_o yard_n to_o plank_n and_o and_o ðryo_n three_o sylle_v plate_n to_o leccanne_v to_o lay_v haec_fw-la descriptio_fw-la demonstrate_v apertè_fw-la unde_fw-la debeat_fw-la pons_fw-la de_fw-la rovecestra_fw-la restaurari_fw-la quotÃens_fw-la fuerit_fw-la fractus_fw-la primum_fw-la eiusdem_fw-la civitatis_fw-la episcopus_fw-la incipit_fw-la operari_fw-la in_o orientali_fw-la brachio_n primam_fw-la 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sulivas_fw-la supponere_fw-la et_fw-la hoc_fw-la fiet_fw-la de_fw-la eilesforda_fw-la &_o de_fw-fr toto_fw-la illo_fw-la laesto_fw-la quod_fw-la ad_fw-la illud_fw-la manerium_fw-la pertinet_fw-la &_o de_fw-la supermontaneis_fw-la &_o de_fw-fr aclea_n &_o de_fw-fr smalaland_n &_o the_o cusintune_v &_o de_fw-fr dudesland_n &_o the_o gisleardes_n land_n &_o de_fw-fr wulâ—cham_n &_o de_fw-fr burham_n &_o the_o aclesse_a horsteda_n fearnlega_n terstane_n cealca_n henhersta_n &_o the_o hathdune_n quinta_fw-la pera_fw-la est_fw-la archiepiscopi_fw-la &_o debet_fw-la 4._o virgat_fw-la plancas_fw-la ponere_fw-la &_o 3._o sulivas_fw-la summittere_fw-la &_o hoc_fw-la debet_fw-la fieri_fw-la de_fw-la wrotham_n maedestana_n oteringaberiga_n netlesteda_n duabus_fw-la peccham_n haeselholt_n maerewurtha_n lilleburna_fw-la swanatuna_fw-la offeham_n dictuna_n &_o westerham_n sexta._fw-la pera_fw-la debet_fw-la fieri_fw-la de_fw-la holingburna_fw-la &_o de_fw-fr toto_fw-la illo_fw-la laesto_fw-la quod_fw-la ad_fw-la hoc_fw-la pertinet_fw-la 4._o virgat_fw-la plancas_fw-la ponere_fw-la &_o 3._o fulivas_fw-la supponere_fw-la septimam_fw-la &_o octavam_fw-la peram_fw-la debent_fw-la facere_fw-la homines_fw-la de_fw-la how_o &_o 4._o &_o dimid_a virgat_fw-la plancas_fw-la ponere_fw-la &_o sex_n sulivas_fw-la supponere_fw-la nona_fw-la pera_fw-la quae_fw-la ultima_fw-la est_fw-la in_fw-la occidentali_fw-la brachio_n est_fw-la iterum_fw-la archiepiscopi_fw-la 4._o virgat_fw-la plancas_fw-la ponere_fw-la &_o tres_fw-la sulivas_fw-la summittere_fw-la et_fw-la hoc_fw-la debet_fw-la fieri_fw-la de_fw-la northfleta_n cliva_fw-la heahham_n denituna_n meletuna_fw-la hludesduna_n meapeham_n snodilanda_n berlinge_n peadleswrthe_n &_o de_fw-fr omnibus_fw-la illis_fw-la hominibus_fw-la qui_fw-la manent_fw-la in_o illa_fw-la valle_o et_fw-la sciendum_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la omnes_fw-la illae_fw-la sulivae_fw-la quae_fw-la in_o ponte_fw-la illo_fw-la ponentur_fw-la tantae_fw-la 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but_o of_o yoke_n and_o acre_n also_o which_o be_v contributory_a to_o the_o aid_n of_o carry_v pitch_v and_o lay_v of_o pile_n plank_n and_o other_o great_a timber_n and_o here_o by_o the_o way_n it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o so_o much_o of_o the_o work_n as_o arise_v of_o stone_n and_o earth_n be_v call_v pera_n of_o the_o latin_a word_n petra_n that_o the_o great_a ground_n post_n plate_n or_o beam_n be_v term_v sullivae_fw-la of_o the_o old_a saxon_a word_n sylle_n which_o we_o yet_o every_o where_o know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o a_o ground_n sille_n and_o that_o the_o table_n or_o board_n which_o be_v lay_v over_o they_o be_v name_v plancae_n or_o plank_n as_o we_o yet_o also_o in_o our_o vulgar_a language_n do_v sound_v it_o but_o now_o in_o our_o time_n by_o reason_n that_o diverse_a land_n be_v purposely_o give_v to_o maintain_v the_o new_a bridge_n all_o this_o ancient_a duty_n of_o reparation_n be_v quite_o and_o clean_o forget_v although_o by_o the_o statute_n 21._o 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after_o that_o he_o have_v be_v send_v general_n of_o a_o army_n into_o france_n and_o there_o in_o despite_n of_o all_o their_o power_n have_v drive_v the_o people_n like_o sheep_n before_o he_o waste_v burn_a and_o destroy_v town_n castle_n church_n monastery_n and_o city_n in_o such_o wise_a and_o number_n that_o long_o after_o in_o memory_n of_o his_o act_n the_o sharp_a point_n and_o gable_n end_n
seven_o book_n and_o three_o chapter_n bracton_n that_o live_v in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o three_o in_o his_o second_o book_n de_fw-fr acquirendo_fw-la rerum_fw-la dominio_fw-la and_o bretton_n that_o write_v under_o king_n edward_n the_o first_o and_o by_o his_o commandment_n have_v all_o express_a mention_n of_o land_n partible_a amongst_o the_o male_n by_o usage_n of_o the_o place_n and_o some_o of_o they_o recite_v the_o very_a name_n of_o gavelkind_n itself_o but_o most_o plain_o of_o all_o a_o ancient_a treatise_n receive_v by_o tradition_n from_o the_o hand_n of_o our_o elder_n whereof_o i_o myself_o have_v one_o exemplar_n write_v out_o as_o i_o suppose_v in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o first_o agree_v with_o the_o daily_a practice_n of_o these_o custom_n prove_v the_o continuance_n of_o they_o to_o stand_v with_o good_a law_n and_o like_n discourse_n and_o therefore_o forbear_v as_o needless_a further_o testimony_n in_o that_o behalf_n i_o will_v descend_v to_o the_o disclose_v of_o the_o custom_n themselves_o not_o number_v they_o by_o order_n as_o they_o lie_v in_o that_o treatise_n but_o draw_v they_o forth_o as_o they_o shall_v concern_v either_o the_o land_n itself_o or_o the_o person_n that_o i_o will_v orderly_a speak_v of_o that_o be_v to_o say_v particular_o the_o lord_n and_o the_o tenant_n the_o husband_n and_o the_o wife_n the_o child_n and_o the_o gardien_fw-mi and_o so_o after_o addition_n of_o a_o few_o other_o thing_n incident_a to_o this_o purpose_n i_o will_v draw_v to_o a_o end_n as_o touch_v the_o land_n itself_o nature_n in_o which_o these_o custom_n have_v place_n it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v that_o all_o the_o land_n within_o this_o shire_n which_o be_v of_o ancient_a socage_n tenure_n be_v also_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o gavelkind_n for_o as_o for_o the_o land_n hold_v by_o ancient_a tenure_n of_o knight_n service_n they_o be_v at_o the_o common_a law_n &_o be_v not_o departible_a after_o the_o 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sciatis_fw-la nos_fw-la concessisse_fw-la &_o praesenti_fw-la charta_fw-la nostra_fw-la confirmasse_fw-la venerabili_fw-la patri_fw-la nostro_fw-la ac_fw-la chro._n huberto_n cantuar._n archiepiscopo_fw-la &_o successoribus_fw-la suis_fw-la in_o perpetuum_fw-la quòd_fw-la liceat_fw-la eye_n terras_fw-la quas_fw-la homines_fw-la de_fw-la feodo_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la cantua_n tenent_fw-la in_o gavelkind_n convertere_fw-la in_o feoda_fw-it militum_fw-la et_fw-la quod_fw-la idem_fw-la episcop_n &_o successores_fw-la svi_fw-la eanden_fw-mi in_o omnibus_fw-la potestatem_fw-la &_o libertatem_fw-la habeant_fw-la in_o perpetuum_fw-la in_fw-la homines_fw-la illos_fw-la qui_fw-la terras_fw-la easdem_fw-la ita_fw-la in_o feodo_fw-la militum_fw-la conversas_fw-la tenebunt_fw-la &_o in_o haeredes_fw-la eorum_fw-la quam_fw-la ipse_fw-la archiepiscopus_fw-la habet_fw-la &_o successores_fw-la svi_fw-la post_fw-la eum_fw-la habebunt_fw-la in_fw-la alios_fw-la milites_fw-la de_fw-la feodo_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la cantuar._n &_o in_o haeredes_fw-la et_fw-la homines_fw-la illi_fw-la &_o haeredes_fw-la eorum_fw-la eandem_fw-la &_o omnem_fw-la libertaetem_fw-la habeant_fw-la in_o perpetuum_fw-la quam_fw-la alij_fw-la milites_fw-la de_fw-la feodo_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la cantuar._n &_o haeredes_fw-la eorum_fw-la habent_fw-la ita_fw-la tamen_fw-la quod_fw-la nihilominus_fw-la consuetus_fw-la redditus_fw-la denariorum_fw-la reddatur_fw-la integre_n de_fw-la terris_fw-la suis_fw-la sicut_fw-la prius_fw-la xenia_fw-la averagia_fw-la &_o alia_fw-la opera_fw-la quae_fw-la fiebant_fw-la de_fw-la terris_fw-la ijsdem_fw-la convertantur_fw-la in_o redditum_fw-la denariorum_fw-la aequivalentem_fw-la et_fw-la redditus_fw-la ille_fw-la reddatur_fw-la sicut_fw-la alius_fw-la redditus_fw-la denariorum_fw-la quare_fw-la volumus_fw-la &_o firmiter_fw-la praecipimus_fw-la quod_fw-la quicquid_fw-la praedictus_fw-la archiepiscopus_fw-la &_o successores_fw-la svi_fw-la post_fw-la eum_fw-la de_fw-la terris_fw-la illis_fw-la in_o feodo_fw-la militum_fw-la secundum_fw-la praescriptam_fw-la formam_fw-la convertendis_fw-la fecerint_fw-la ratum_fw-la in_o perpetuum_fw-la &_o stabile_fw-la permaneat_fw-la et_fw-la prohibemus_fw-la ne_fw-la quis_fw-la contrafactum_fw-la ipsius_fw-la archiepiscopi_fw-la vel_fw-la successorum_fw-la svorum_fw-la in_fw-la hac_fw-la parte_fw-la venire_fw-la praesumat_fw-la testae_fw-la e._n eliense_n &_o s._n bathon_n episcopis_fw-la g._n filio_fw-la petri_n comite_fw-la essex_n willmo_n marescallo_n comite_fw-la de_fw-fr penbroc_n roberto_n de_fw-fr harocort_n garino_n filio_fw-la geraldi_n petro_n de_fw-fr stoke_n ric._n de_fw-fr reverus_n roberto_n de_fw-fr tateshal_n datum_n per_fw-la manum_fw-la s._n archid._n willielmi_n apud_fw-la rupem_fw-la aurival_n 4._o die_v maij_fw-la anno_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la tertio_fw-la but_o now_o for_o as_o much_o as_o it_o be_v disputable_a whether_o this_o chartre_z of_o the_o king_n be_v of_o sufficient_a virtue_n to_o change_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o gavelkind_n land_n or_o no_o and_o for_o that_o the_o certainty_n of_o the_o land_n so_o convert_v into_o knight_n fee_n do_v not_o any_o where_o that_o i_o have_v see_v appear_v save_o only_o that_o in_o the_o book_n of_o aid_n levy_v in_o this_o shire_n anno._n 20._o e._n 3._o it_o be_v four_o or_o five_o time_n note_v that_o certain_a land_n there_o be_v hold_v in_o knight_n service_n per_fw-la novam_fw-la licentiam_fw-la archiepiscopi_fw-la i_o will_v leave_v this_o and_o proceed_v to_o prove_v that_o all_o the_o land_n of_o ancient_a tenure_n in_o knight_n service_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o ordinary_a course_n of_o descent_n at_o the_o common_a law_n and_o that_o may_v i_o as_o i_o think_v sufficient_o do_v both_o by_o the_o express_a word_n of_o a_o note_n 9_o h._n 3._o in_o the_o title_n of_o praescription_n 63._o in_o fitzherbert_n by_o the_o resolution_n of_o the_o same_o fitzherbert_n and_o norwiche_n justice_n 26._o h._n 8._o 5._o and_o by_o plain_a recital_n in_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n make_v 31._o h._n 8._o ca._n 3._o by_o which_o statute_n the_o possession_n of_o certain_a gentleman_n there_o name_v be_v deliver_v from_o this_o customary_a descent_n and_o incorporate_v to_o the_o common_a law_n for_o amongst_o other_o thing_n in_o that_o act_n it_o be_v say_v that_o from_o thencefoorth_o such_o their_o land_n shall_v be_v change_v from_o the_o say_a custom_n and_o shall_v descend_v as_o land_n at_o the_o common_a law_n and_o as_o other_o land_n be_v in_o the_o say_a county_n of_o kent_n which_o never_o be_v hold_v by_o service_n of_o socage_n but_o always_o have_v be_v hold_v by_o knight_n service_n do_v descend_v by_o which_o word_n it_o be_v very_o evident_a that_o the_o maker_n of_o that_o statute_n understand_v all_o land_n hold_v by_o knight_n service_n to_o be_v of_o their_o proper_a nature_n descendable_a after_o the_o common_a law_n and_o that_o socage_n tenure_n be_v the_o only_a subject_n in_o which_o this_o our_o custom_n of_o gavelkind_n dissent_v prevail_v and_o hold_v place_n but_o when_o i_o thus_o speak_v of_o socage_n and_o knight_n fee_v gavelkind_n i_o must_v always_o be_v understand_v to_o mean_v of_o a_o tenure_n long_o since_o and_o of_o ancient_a time_n continue_v and_o not_o now_o new_o or_o late_o create_v for_o so_o it_o may_v fall_v out_o otherwise_o then_o be_v already_o report_v as_o for_o example_n if_o land_n ancient_o hold_v by_o knight_n service_n come_v to_o the_o prince_n hand_n who_o afterward_o give_v the_o same_o out_o again_o to_o a_o common_a person_n to_o be_v hold_v of_o his_o manor_n of_o eastgrenewiche_n in_o socage_n i_o suppose_v that_o this_o land_n notwithstanding_o the_o alteration_n of_o the_o tenure_n remain_v descendable_a to_o the_o elder_a son_n only_o as_o it_o be_v before_o as_o also_o in_o like_a sort_n if_o land_n of_o ancient_a socage_n service_n come_v to_o the_o crown_n and_o be_v deliver_v out_o again_o to_o be_v hold_v either_o of_o the_o prince_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o by_o knight_n service_n of_o any_o manor_n i_o think_v it_o ought_v to_o descend_v according_a to_o the_o custom_n notwithstanding_o that_o the_o tenure_n be_v alter_v and_o if_o this_o be_v true_a in_o the_o grant_n of_o the_o king_n himself_o then_o much_o less_o save_v the_o reverence_n due_a to_o king_n john_n chartre_z may_v the_o archebishop_n by_o a_o new_a creation_n of_o tenure_n gavelkind_n make_v
to_o his_o tenant_n any_o alteration_n of_o this_o old_a custom_n and_o manner_n for_o as_o the_o plead_n be_v quod_fw-la terrae_fw-la praedictae_fw-la sunt_fw-la de_fw-la tenura_fw-la &_o natura_fw-la de_fw-la gavelkind_n even_o so_o the_o truth_n be_v that_o the_o present_a tenure_n only_o guide_v not_o the_o descent_n but_o that_o the_o tenure_n and_o the_o nature_n together_o do_v govern_v it_o and_o therefore_o as_o on_o the_o one_o side_n the_o custom_n can_v not_o attach_v or_o take_v hold_v of_o that_o which_o be_v not_o before_o in_o nature_n subject_a to_o the_o custom_n that_o be_v to_o say_v accustomable_o depart_v so_o on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o practice_n of_o the_o custom_n long_a time_n continue_v may_v not_o be_v interrupt_v by_o a_o bare_a alteration_n of_o the_o tenure_n and_o this_o be_v not_o my_o fantasy_n but_o the_o resolution_n of_o all_o the_o justice_n as_o judge_n dalison_n himself_o have_v leave_v report_v 4._o &_o 5._o philippi_n &_o mariae_fw-la and_o also_o of_o the_o court_n 26._o h._n 8._o 5._o where_o it_o be_v affirm_v that_o if_o a_o man_n be_v seize_v of_o gavelkind_n land_n hold_v in_o socage_n make_v a_o gift_n in_o tail_n &_o create_v a_o tenure_n in_o knight_n service_n that_o yet_o this_o land_n must_v descend_v after_o the_o custom_n as_o it_o do_v before_o the_o change_n of_o the_o tenure_n gavelkind_n moreover_o as_o the_o change_n of_o the_o tenure_n can_v not_o prevail_v against_o this_o custom_n so_o neither_o the_o continuance_n of_o a_o contrary_a usage_n may_v alter_v this_o prescription_n for_o it_o be_v hold_v 16._o e._n 2._o praescription_n 52._o in_o fitzherbert_n that_o albeit_o the_o elder_a son_n only_o have_v and_o that_o for_o many_o discentes_fw-la together_o enter_v into_o gavelkind_a land_n and_o occupy_v it_o without_o any_o contradiction_n of_o the_o young_a brother_n that_o yet_o the_o land_n remain_v partible_a between_o they_o when_o so_o ever_o they_o will_v put_v to_o their_o claim_n against_o which_o assertion_n that_o which_o be_v say_v 10._o h._n 3._o in_o the_o title_n of_o praescription_n 64._o namely_o of_o the_o issue_n take_v thus_o si_fw-mi terra_fw-la illa_fw-la fuit_fw-la partita_fw-la nec_fw-la ne_fw-la be_v not_o great_o forceable_a for_o although_o it_o be_v so_o that_o the_o land_n be_v never_o depart_v in_o deed_n yet_o if_o it_o remain_v partible_a in_o nature_n it_o may_v be_v depart_v when_o so_o ever_o occasion_n shall_v be_v minister_v and_o therefore_o even_o in_o the_o form_n of_o plead_v use_v at_o this_o day_n quod_fw-la terra_fw-la illa_fw-la a_o toto_fw-la tempore_fw-la etc_n etc_n partibilis_fw-la fuit_fw-la &_o partita_fw-la it_o be_v plain_o take_v that_o the_o word_n partibilis_fw-la only_a be_v of_o substance_n and_o that_o the_o word_n partita_fw-la be_v but_o a_o word_n of_o form_n and_o not_o material_a or_o traversable_a at_o all_o yea_o so_o inseparable_a be_v this_o custom_n from_o the_o land_n in_o which_o it_o obtain_v that_o a_o contrary_a descent_n continue_v in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o crown_n itself_o can_v not_o hinder_v but_o that_o after_o such_o time_n as_o the_o land_n shall_v resort_v again_o to_o a_o common_a person_n the_o former_a inveterate_a custom_n shall_v govern_v it_o as_o for_o the_o purpose_n land_n of_o gavelkind_a nature_n come_v to_o the_o queen_n hand_n by_o purchase_n or_o by_o escheat_n as_o hold_v of_o her_o manor_n of_o a._n now_o after_o her_o death_n all_o her_o son_n shall_v inherit_v and_o divide_v they_o but_o if_o they_o come_v to_o she_o by_o forfeiture_n in_o treason_n or_o by_o gift_n in_o parliament_n so_o that_o her_o grace_n be_v seize_v of_o they_o in_o jure_fw-la coronae_fw-la then_o her_o elder_a son_n only_o which_o shall_v be_v king_n after_o she_o shall_v enjoy_v they_o in_o which_o case_n although_o those_o land_n which_o the_o elder_a son_n be_v king_n do_v possess_v do_v come_v to_o his_o elder_a son_n after_o he_o be_v king_n also_o and_o so_o from_o one_o to_o another_o by_o sundry_a descent_n yet_o the_o opinion_n of_o sir_n anthony_n browne_n be_v 7._o elizab._n that_o if_o at_o any_o time_n after_o the_o same_o land_n be_v grant_v to_o a_o common_a person_n they_o shall_v revolt_v to_o their_o former_a nature_n of_o gavelkind_n and_o be_v partible_a amongst_o his_o heir_n male_n notwithstanding_o that_o they_o have_v run_v a_o contrary_a course_n in_o diverse_a the_o discentes_fw-la of_o the_o king_n before_o but_o much_o less_o may_v the_o unity_n of_o possession_n in_o the_o lord_n frustrate_v the_o custom_n of_o gavelkind_a descent_n as_o it_o may_v appear_v 14._o h._n 4._o in_o the_o long_a recordare_fw-la only_o therefore_o these_o two_o case_n i_o doubt_v of_o concern_v this_o point_n and_o thereupon_o judge_v they_o meet_v to_o be_v inquire_v of_o that_o be_v to_o say_v first_o if_o a_o tenancy_n in_o gavelkind_n escheat_n to_o the_o lord_n by_o reason_n of_o a_o ceasser_n as_o hereafter_o it_o shall_v appear_v that_o it_o may_v or_o if_o it_o be_v grant_v unto_o the_o lord_n by_o the_o tenant_n fee_n without_o any_o reservation_n which_o lord_n hold_v over_o by_o fee_n of_o haubert_n or_o by_o serieancie_n both_o which_o i_o take_v to_o be_v knight_n service_n whether_o now_o this_o tenancy_n be_v partible_a amongst_o the_o heir_n male_n of_o the_o lord_n or_o no._n for_o the_o ancient_a treatise_n of_o the_o kentish_a custom_n so_o determine_v but_o i_o wot_v not_o whether_o experience_n so_o allow_v the_o other_o doubt_n be_v this_o if_o it_o be_v so_o that_o any_o whole_a town_n or_o village_n in_o kent_n have_v not_o at_o any_o time_n that_o can_v be_v show_v be_v acquaint_v with_o the_o exercise_n of_o gavelkind_a descent_n whether_o yet_o the_o custom_n of_o gavelkind_n shall_v have_v place_n there_o or_o no._n toward_o the_o resolution_n of_o which_o late_a ambiguity_n it_o shall_v tend_v somewhat_o to_o show_v how_o far_o this_o custom_n extend_v itself_o within_o this_o our_o country_n kent_n it_o be_v common_o take_v therefore_o that_o the_o custom_n of_o gavelkind_n be_v general_a and_o spread_v itself_o throughout_o the_o whole_a shire_n into_o all_o land_n subject_a by_o ancient_a tenure_n unto_o the_o same_o such_o place_n only_o except_v where_o it_o be_v alter_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o therefore_o 5._o e._n 4._o 18._o and._n 14._o h._n 4._o 8._o it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o custom_n of_o gavelkind_n be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o common_a law_n in_o kent_n and_o the_o book_n 22._o e._n 4._o 19_o affirm_v that_o in_o demand_v gavelkind_n land_n a_o man_n shall_v not_o need_v to_o prescribe_v in_o certain_a and_o to_o show_v that_o the_o town_n borrow_n or_o city_n where_o the_o land_n be_v be_v a_o ancient_a town_n borrow_n or_o city_n and_o that_o the_o custom_n have_v be_v there_o time_n out_o of_o mind_n that_o the_o land_n within_o the_o same_o town_n borrow_v or_o city_n shall_v descend_v to_o all_o the_o heir_n male_n etc_n etc_n but_o that_o be_v sufficient_a enough_o to_o show_v the_o custom_n at_o large_a and_o to_o say_v that_o the_o land_n lie_v in_o kent_n and_o that_o all_o the_o land_n there_o be_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o gavelkind_a for_o a_o write_v of_o partition_n of_o land_n in_o gavelkind_n say_v master_n litleton_n shall_v be_v as_o general_a as_o if_o the_o land_n be_v at_o the_o common_a law_n although_o the_o declaration_n ought_v special_o to_o contain_v mention_n of_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o country_n this_o universality_n therefore_o consider_v as_o also_o the_o straight_a bond_n whereby_o the_o custom_n be_v so_o inseparable_o knit_v to_o the_o land_n as_o in_o manner_n nothing_o but_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n can_v clear_o dissever_v they_o i_o see_v not_o how_o any_o city_n town_n or_o borrow_n can_v be_v exempt_v for_o the_o only_a default_n of_o put_v the_o custom_n in_o ure_n more_o than_o the_o elder_a son_n in_o the_o case_n before_o may_v for_o the_o like_a reason_n prescribe_v against_o his_o young_a brethren_n but_o here_o before_o i_o conclude_v this_o part_n i_o think_v good_a first_o to_o make_v master_n litletons_n answer_n to_o such_o as_o happy_o will_v demand_v what_o reason_n this_o custom_n custom_n of_o gavelkind_n descent_n have_v thus_o to_o divide_v land_n amongst_o all_o the_o males_n contrary_a to_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o whole_a realm_n beside_o the_o young_a son_n say_v he_o be_v as_o good_a gentleman_n as_o the_o elder_a &_o they_o be_v alike_o dear_a to_o their_o common_a ancestor_n from_o who_o they_o claim_v have_v so_o much_o the_o more_o need_n of_o their_o friend_n help_v as_o through_o their_o minority_n they_o be_v less_o able_a than_o the_o elder_a brother_n to_o help_v themselves_o second_o to_o put_v you_o in_o remembrance_n also_o of_o the_o statute_n of_o praerogatina_fw-la regis_fw-la ca._n 16._o where_o it_o
be_v say_v that_o faeminae_fw-la non_fw-la participabunt_fw-la cum_fw-la masculis_fw-la the_o female_n shall_v not_o divide_v with_o the_o male_n which_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o such_o as_o be_v in_o equal_a degree_n of_o kindred_n as_o brother_n and_o sister_n etc_n etc_n for_o if_o a_o man_n have_v issue_v three_o son_n &_o the_o elder_a have_v issue_v a_o daughter_n &_o die_v in_o the_o life_n of_o his_o father_n and_o the_o father_n die_v in_o this_o case_n it_o be_v hold_v that_o the_o daughter_n shall_v join_v with_o the_o two_o other_o brethren_n her_o uncle_n for_o that_o she_o be_v not_o in_o equal_a degree_n with_o they_o as_o her_o father_n be_v who_o heir_n she_o nevertheless_o must_v be_v of_o necessity_n land_n and_o now_o thus_o much_o be_v speak_v touch_v the_o name_n tenure_n nature_n generality_n necessity_n reason_n and_o order_n of_o gavelkind_n it_o be_v worthy_a the_o labour_n to_o show_v of_o what_o quality_n the_o rent_n remainder_n condition_n voucher_n action_n and_o such_o other_o thing_n of_o the_o which_o some_o be_v issue_v out_o of_o these_o land_n some_o be_v annex_v unto_o they_o and_o some_o be_v raise_v by_o reason_n of_o they_o shall_v be_v in_o which_o behalf_n it_o may_v general_o be_v say_v that_o some_o of_o they_o shall_v ensue_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o land_n and_o some_o shall_v keep_v the_o same_o course_n that_o common_a law_n have_v appoint_v but_o in_o particular_a it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v that_o if_o a_o rent_n rent_n be_v grant_v in_o fee_n out_o of_o gavelkind_n land_n it_o shall_v descend_v to_o all_o the_o male_n as_o the_o land_n itself_o shall_v do_v and_o ald._n and_o chart._n in_o 7._o e._n 3._o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o albeit_o a_o tenancy_n be_v of_o gavelkind_n nature_n yet_o the_o rend_a service_n by_o which_o that_o tenancy_n be_v hold_v may_v well_o be_v descendable_a at_o the_o common_a law_n the_o like_a shall_v be_v of_o a_o remainder_n remainder_n of_o gavelkind_n land_n for_o if_o it_o be_v tail_a to_o the_o heir_n male_n they_o altogether_o shall_v inherit_v it_o as_o fitzherb_n &_o norwiche_n two_o justice_n thought_n 26._o h._n 8._o 8._o but_o that_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o a_o descent_n only_o for_o if_o land_n of_o gavelkind_n nature_n be_v leassed_a for_o life_n the_o remainder_n to_o the_o right_a heir_n of_o i_o at_o style_n which_o have_v issue_n four_o son_n &_o die_v &_o after_o the_o leassée_fw-fr for_o life_n die_v now_o the_o elder_a son_n only_o of_o i_o at_o stile_n shall_v have_v this_o land_n for_o he_o be_v right_a heir_n and_o that_o be_v a_o good_a name_n of_o purchase_n 37._o h._n 8._o done._n 42._o en_fw-fr master_n brook_n but_o if_o the_o land_n have_v be_v give_v to_o i_o at_o style_n for_o life_n the_o remainder_n to_o his_o next_o heir_n male_a this_o have_v be_v a_o estate_n tail_n in_o i._n s._n himself_o and_o then_o the_o land_n as_o i_o take_v it_o shall_v have_v descend_v to_o all_o his_o son_n in_o so_o much_o as_o in_o that_o case_n the_o word_n next_o heir_n male_a be_v not_o a_o name_n of_o purchase_n howbeit_o it_o be_v great_o doubt_v 3._o &_o 4._o phil._n &_o mariae_fw-la as_o justice_n dalison_n report_v if_o a_o remainder_n be_v devise_v by_o testament_n proximo_fw-la haeredi_fw-la masculo_fw-la whether_o in_o that_o case_n the_o elder_a brother_n only_o shall_v have_v it_o in_o so_o much_o as_o in_o the_o understanding_n of_o the_o law_n which_o be_v a_o judge_n over_o all_o custom_n he_o be_v the_o next_o heir_n male_a and_o therefore_o inquire_v of_o it_o as_o touch_v voucher_n it_o appear_v 11._o e._n 3._o vourcher_n that_o all_o the_o heir_n in_o gavelkind_n shall_v be_v vouch_v for_o the_o warranty_n of_o their_o ancestor_n and_o not_o the_o elder_a only_a but_o the_o opinion_n of_o master_n litleton_n and_o of_o the_o justice_n 22._o e._n 4._o be_v clear_o that_o the_o elder_a son_n only_o shall_v be_v rebut_v or_o bar_v by_o the_o warranty_n of_o the_o ancestor_n to_o be_v short_a condition_n the_o elder_a son_n only_o shall_v entrée_n for_o the_o breach_n of_o a_o condition_n but_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o brethren_n shall_v be_v join_v with_o he_o in_o sue_v a_o write_v of_o attaint_n error_n to_o reform_v a_o false_a verdict_n or_o error_n to_o reverse_v a_o erroneous_a judgement_n and_o they_o all_o shall_v be_v charge_v for_o the_o debt_n of_o their_o ancestor_n if_o so_o be_v that_o they_o all_o have_v assetz_n in_o their_o hand_n but_o if_o the_o elder_a only_a have_v assetz_n remain_v and_o the_o residue_n have_v alien_v their_o part_n than_o he_o only_o shall_v be_v charge_v after_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o book_n 11._o e._n 3._o det._n 7._o and_o this_o also_o for_o this_o part_n at_o this_o time_n shall_v suffice_v now_o a_o word_n or_o twain_o touch_v the_o trial_n of_o right_n in_o this_o gavelkind_n land_n &_o then_o forward_o to_o the_o rest_n of_o my_o purpose_n there_o be_v at_o the_o common_a law_n two_o sort_n of_o trial_n in_o a_o writ_n of_o right_n by_o battle_n and_o by_o the_o grand_a assize_n gavelkind_n of_o the_o which_o two_o this_o custom_n exclude_v the_o one_o &_o alter_v the_o other_o for_o battle_n it_o admit_v not_o at_o all_o &_o the_o grand_a assize_n it_o receive_v not_o by_o the_o election_n of_o 4._o knight_n but_o of_o 4._o tenant_n in_o gavelkind_n as_o it_o may_v be_v read_v in_o the_o ancient_a treatise_n of_o the_o custom_n of_o this_o country_n but_o when_o i_o speak_v of_o the_o treatise_n of_o the_o custom_n you_o must_v know_v i_o mean_v not_o the_o which_o be_v late_o imprint_v but_o a_o other_o with_o much_o more_o faith_n &_o diligence_n long_o since_o exemplify_v a_o copy_n whereof_o you_o shall_v find_v at_o the_o end_n of_o this_o book_n for_o not_o only_o in_o this_o part_n the_o word_n ne_fw-la soient_fw-fr prize_n per_fw-la battle_n be_v clean_o omit_v in_o the_o imprint_v book_n but_o in_o sundry_a other_o place_n also_o the_o word_n be_v mangle_v the_o sentence_n be_v curtail_v and_o the_o meaning_n be_v obscure_v as_o by_o conference_n of_o the_o variation_n it_o may_v to_o any_o skilful_a reader_n most_o easy_o appear_v but_o all_o that_o i_o will_v refer_v to_o the_o sight_n and_o judgement_n of_o such_o as_o will_v search_v and_o examine_v it_o and_o return_v to_o my_o purpose_n show_v you_o what_o belong_v to_o the_o lord_n of_o this_o gavelkind_n land_n by_o reason_n of_o this_o custom_n and_o for_o because_o the_o prince_n be_v chief_a lord_n of_o all_o the_o realm_n as_o of_o who_o all_o land_n within_o the_o same_o be_v either_o mediate_o or_o immediate_o hold_v let_v we_o first_o see_v what_o right_a by_o reason_n of_o this_o custom_n belong_v unto_o he_o felony_n if_o tenant_n in_o fee_n simple_a of_o land_n in_o gavelkind_n commit_v felony_n and_o suffer_v the_o judgement_n of_o death_n therefore_o the_o prince_n shall_v have_v all_o his_o chattel_n for_o a_o forfeiture_n but_o as_o touch_v the_o land_n he_o shall_v neither_o have_v the_o eschete_n of_o it_o though_o it_o be_v immediate_o hold_v of_o himself_o nor_o the_o day_n year_n and_o waste_v if_o it_o be_v hold_v of_o any_o other_o for_o in_o that_o case_n the_o heir_n notwithstanding_o the_o offence_n of_o his_o ancestor_n shall_v enter_v immediate_o &_o enjoy_v the_o land_n after_o the_o same_o custom_n and_o service_n by_o which_o they_o be_v before_o hold_v in_o assurance_n whereof_o it_o be_v common_o say_v the_o father_n to_o the_o bough_n the_o son_n to_o the_o ploughe_n but_o this_o rule_n hold_v in_o case_n of_o felony_n and_o of_o murder_n only_o and_o in_o case_n not_o of_o treason_n at_o all_o and_o it_o hold_v also_o in_o case_n where_o the_o offendor_n be_v justify_v by_o order_n of_o law_n and_o not_o where_o he_o withdraw_v himself_o after_o the_o fault_n commit_v and_o will_v not_o abide_v his_o lawful_a trial_n for_o if_o such_o a_o one_o absent_a himself_o after_o proclamation_n make_v for_o he_o in_o the_o county_n and_o be_v outlaw_v or_o otherwise_o if_o he_o take_v sanctuary_n and_o do_v abjure_v the_o realm_n then_o shall_v his_o heir_n reap_v no_o benefit_n by_o this_o custom_n but_o the_o prince_n or_o the_o lord_n shall_v take_v their_o forfeiture_n in_o such_o degree_n as_o if_o the_o land_n be_v at_o the_o common_a law_n which_o thing_n be_v apparent_a both_o by_o the_o book_n 8._o e._n 2._o abridge_v by_o master_n fitzherbert_n in_o his_o title_n of_o prescription_n 50._o and_o by_o 22._o e._n 3._o fol._n where_o it_o be_v say_v that_o this_o custom_n shall_v not_o be_v construe_v by_o equity_n but_o by_o a_o straight_a and_o literal_a interpretation_n and_o also_o by_o the_o plain_a rehearsal_n of_o the_o say_a treatise_n of_o
the_o custom_n itself_o and_o in_o this_o behalf_n also_o some_o have_v doubt_v whether_o the_o brother_n or_o uncle_n shall_v have_v the_o advantage_n of_o this_o custom_n because_o the_o word_n thereof_o extend_v to_o the_o son_n only_o but_o let_v we_o proceed_v there_o belong_v moreover_o due_a by_o the_o tenant_n to_o each_o common_a person_n be_v his_o lord_n of_o land_n in_o gavelkind_n suit_n to_o his_o court_n the_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n and_o the_o true_a do_v and_o payment_n of_o all_o accustom_a rent_n duty_n and_o service_n also_o if_o the_o tenant_n die_v leave_v his_o heir_n within_o the_o age_n of_o fifteen_o year_n the_o lord_n have_v authority_n to_o commit_v the_o nouriture_n of_o the_o body_n and_o the_o custody_n of_o the_o good_n and_o land_n of_o the_o infant_n to_o the_o next_o of_o the_o kindred_n to_o who_o the_o inheritance_n can_v descend_v but_o as_o neither_o the_o lord_n ought_v to_o take_v any_o thing_n for_o the_o custody_n neither_o to_o tender_a to_o 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court_n to_o seek_v from_o court_n to_o court_n until_o the_o four_o court_n in_o the_o presence_n of_o good_a witness_n whether_o any_o distress_n may_v be_v find_v upon_o the_o tenement_n or_o no_o and_o if_o he_o can_v find_v none_o then_o at_o the_o four_o court_n it_o shall_v be_v award_v that_o he_o shall_v take_v the_o tenement_n into_o his_o hand_n as_o a_o distress_n or_o pledge_v for_o the_o rent_n and_o service_n withdraw_v and_o that_o he_o shall_v detain_v it_o one_o year_n and_o a_o day_n without_o manure_v it_o within_o which_o time_n if_o the_o tenant_n come_v and_o make_v agreement_n with_o the_o lord_n for_o his_o arrearage_n he_o shall_v enter_v into_o his_o tenement_n again_o but_o if_o he_o come_v not_o within_o that_o space_n then_o at_o the_o next_o county_n court_n the_o lord_n ought_v open_o to_o declare_v all_o that_o his_o former_a proceed_v to_o the_o end_n that_o it_o may_v be_v notorious_a which_o be_v do_v at_o his_o own_o court_n next_o follow_v the_o 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here_o by_o the_o way_n it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o this_o word_n be_v in_o old_a time_n signify_v the_o value_n or_o price_n of_o a_o man_n life_n estimation_n or_o countenance_n for_o before_o the_o conquest_n each_o man_n in_o the_o realm_n be_v value_v at_o a_o certain_a sum_n of_o money_n have_v regard_n to_o his_o degree_n condition_n and_o worthiness_n as_o be_v more_o at_o large_a show_v in_o the_o table_n to_o the_o translation_n of_o the_o saxon_a law_n whereunto_o for_o this_o purpose_n i_o will_v send_v you_o this_o custom_n of_o cessavit_fw-la be_v set_v forth_o in_o the_o treatise_n of_o custom_n and_o have_v be_v allow_v of_o as_o master_n frowike_n 21._o h._n 7._o 15._o report_v in_o time_n pass_v but_o whether_o it_o be_v also_o at_o this_o day_n put_v in_o ure_n i_o can_v certain_o affirm_v but_o now_o as_o these_o advantage_n arise_v to_o the_o lord_n from_o his_o tenant_n so_o on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o lord_n also_o ought_v to_o suffer_v his_o tenant_n to_o enjoy_v the_o benefit_n of_o such_o custom_n as_o make_v for_o his_o avail_n and_o therefore_o first_o he_o ought_v to_o let_v he_o alien_n his_o land_n at_o his_o own_o pleasure_n without_o sue_v to_o he_o for_o licence_n he_o ought_v also_o to_o be_v content_v with_o one_o suit_n to_o his_o court_n for_o one_o tenement_n although_o the_o same_o happen_v to_o be_v divide_v amongst_o many_o of_o very_a right_n also_o he_o ought_v to_o admit_v a_o essoine_n if_o any_o be_v cast_v for_o the_o tenant_n whether_o it_o be_v in_o a_o cause_n of_o plaint_n or_o for_o common_a suit_n to_o his_o court_n and_o last_o he_o may_v not_o exact_v of_o he_o any_o manner_n of_o oath_n other_o than_o that_o of_o fidelity_n which_o grow_v due_a by_o reason_n of_o his_o tenure_n courtesy_n and_o thus_o leave_v the_o lord_n and_o his_o tenant_n let_v we_o come_v to_o the_o husband_n and_o the_o wife_n and_o first_o show_v what_o courtesy_n the_o husband_n shall_v find_v by_o order_n of_o this_o custom_n after_o the_o death_n of_o his_o wife_n that_o be_v seize_v of_o land_n of_o gavelkind_n tenure_n and_o than_o what_o benefit_n the_o wife_n may_v have_v after_o the_o decease_n of_o her_o husband_n die_v seize_v of_o land_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n and_o nature_n the_o husband_n say_v our_o treatise_n of_o gavelkind_n custom_n shall_v have_v the_o one_o half_a of_o such_o gavelkind_n land_n wherein_o his_o wife_n have_v estate_n of_o inheritance_n whether_o he_o have_v issue_n by_o she_o or_o no_o and_o shall_v hold_v the_o same_o during_o so_o long_a time_n as_o he_o will_v keep_v himself_o widower_n and_o unmarried_a for_o if_o he_o marry_v he_o lose_v all_o neither_o may_v he_o commit_v any_o waste_n more_o than_o tenant_n by_o the_o courtesy_n at_o the_o common_a law_n may_v so_o that_o one_o way_n namely_o in_o that_o he_o shall_v have_v his_o wife_n land_n for_o life_n though_o he_o never_o have_v issue_n by_o she_o this_o our_o custom_n be_v more_o courteous_a than_o the_o common_a law_n but_o a_o other_o way_n i_o mean_v in_o that_o he_o shall_v have_v but_o the_o one_o half_a and_o that_o with_o a_o prohibition_n of_o second_o marriage_n it_o be_v loss_n beneficial_a howsoever_o it_o be_v it_o hold_v place_n and_o be_v put_v in_o practice_n at_o this_o day_n therein_o the_o wife_n likewise_o after_o the_o death_n of_o her_o husband_n shall_v have_v for_o her_o life_n the_o one_o moiety_n of_o all_o such_o land_n of_o gavelkind_n tenure_n whereof_o her_o husband_n be_v seize_v of_o any_o estate_n of_o inheritance_n during_o the_o coverture_n between_o they_o of_o which_o custom_n also_o though_o it_o exceed_v common_a measure_n the_o common_a law_n of_o the_o realm_n bear_v always_o special_a favour_n to_o dower_n have_v evermore_o even_o hitherto_o show_v good_a allowance_n nevertheless_o as_o tenant_n by_o the_o courtesy_n after_o this_o custom_n have_v his_o condition_n annex_v so_o tenant_n in_o dower_n by_o the_o same_o custom_n want_v not_o some_o condition_n follow_v her_o estate_n one_o that_o she_o may_v not_o marry_v at_o all_o &_o a_o other_o that_o she_o must_v take_v diligent_a heed_n that_o she_o be_v not_o find_v with_o child_n beget_v in_o fornication_n for_o in_o either_o case_n she_o must_v loose_v her_o dower_n but_o yet_o so_o that_o lawful_a matrimony_n be_v by_o a_o mean_a contrary_a to_o the_o apostolic_a permission_n utter_o forbid_v and_o the_o sin_n of_o secret_a lechery_n according_a to_o the_o popish_a paradox_n si_fw-mi non_fw-la cante_fw-la tamen_fw-la caute_fw-la be_v in_o a_o sort_n bear_v and_o abide_v see_v that_o by_o this_o custom_n she_o forfeit_v not_o in_o this_o late_a case_n unless_o the_o child_n be_v bear_v and_o hear_v to_o cry_v and_o
this_o shore_n folkstone_n in_o saxon_n folcestane_n id_fw-la est_fw-la populi_n lapis_n or_o else_o flostane_n which_o signify_v a_o rock_n or_o a_o flaw_n of_o stone_n amongst_o the_o place_n lie_v on_o this_o shore_n worthy_a of_o note_n next_o after_o dover_n follow_v folkstone_n miracle_n where_o eanfle_v or_o rather_o eanswide_a the_o daughter_n of_o eadbalde_a the_o son_n of_o ethelbert_n and_o in_o order_n of_o succession_n the_o six_o king_n of_o kent_n long_o since_o erect_v a_o religious_a priory_n of_o woman_n not_o in_o the_o place_n where_o s._n peter_n church_n at_o folkstone_n now_o stand_v but_o south_n from_o thence_o where_o the_o sea_n many_o year_n ago_o have_v swallow_a and_o eat_v it_o and_o yet_o lest_o you_o shall_v think_v s._n peter_n parish_n church_n to_o be_v void_a of_o reverence_n i_o must_v let_v you_o know_v of_o nova_fw-la legenda_fw-la angliae_fw-la that_o before_o the_o sea_n have_v devour_v all_o s._n eanswides_n relic_n be_v translate_v thither_o the_o author_n of_o that_o work_n report_v many_o wonder_n of_o this_o woman_n as_o that_o she_o lengthen_v a_o beam_n of_o that_o building_n three_o foot_n when_o the_o carpenter_n miss_v in_o their_o measure_n have_v make_v it_o so_o much_o too_o short_a that_o she_o hale_v and_o draw_v water_n over_o the_o hill_n against_o nature_n that_o she_o forbid_v certain_a ravenous_a bird_n the_o country_n which_o before_o do_v much_o harm_n there_o abouts_o that_o she_o restore_v the_o blind_a cast_v out_o the_o devil_n and_o heal_v innumerable_a folk_n of_o their_o infirmity_n and_o therefore_o after_o her_o death_n she_o be_v by_o the_o policy_n of_o the_o popish_a priest_n and_o folly_n of_o the_o common_a people_n honour_v for_o a_o saint_n policy_n and_o no_o marvel_v at_o all_o for_o it_o be_v usual_a in_o papistry_n not_o only_o to_o magnify_v their_o benefactor_n of_o all_o sort_n but_o to_o edify_v also_o so_o many_o of_o they_o at_o the_o jest_n as_o be_v of_o noble_a parentage_n know_v that_o thereby_o triple_a commodity_n ensue_v the_o first_o for_o as_o much_o as_o by_o that_o mean_a they_o assure_v many_o great_a personage_n unto_o they_o second_o they_o draw_v by_o the_o awe_n of_o their_o example_n infinite_a number_n of_o the_o common_a people_n after_o they_o and_o last_o they_o adventure_v the_o more_o bold_o under_o those_o honourable_a and_o glorious_a name_n and_o title_n to_o publish_v their_o povishe_n and_o pelt_a miracle_n and_o this_o sure_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o sexburge_n in_o shepie_a mildred_n in_o tanet_n etheldred_n at_o elye_n edith_n at_o wilton_n and_o sundry_a other_o simple_a woman_n of_o royal_a blood_n in_o each_o quarter_n be_v canonize_v saint_n for_o general_o the_o religious_a of_o those_o time_n be_v as_o thankful_a to_o their_o benefactor_n as_o ever_o be_v the_o heathen_a nation_n to_o their_o first_o king_n and_o founder_n the_o one_o sort_n sanctify_v such_o as_o do_v either_o build_v they_o house_n or_o devise_v 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wax_v &_o grow_v as_o well_o in_o the_o bush_n of_o hair_n that_o it_o have_v on_o the_o head_n as_o also_o in_o the_o length_n and_o stature_n of_o the_o member_n and_o body_n itself_o by_o mean_n whereof_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o whereas_o the_o fruit_n of_o the_o benefice_n wear_v hardly_o able_a to_o sustain_v the_o incumbent_n now_o by_o the_o benefit_n of_o this_o invention_n which_o be_v in_o papistry_n nowm_fw-la genus_fw-la aucupij_fw-la the_o parson_n there_o be_v not_o only_o furnish_v by_o the_o offering_n to_o live_v plentiful_o but_o also_o well_o aid_v toward_o the_o make_n of_o a_o hoorde_n or_o increase_v of_o wealth_n and_o riches_n but_o as_o ephialtes_n and_o octus_fw-la the_o son_n of_o neptune_n who_o as_o the_o poet_n feign_v wax_v nine_o inch_n every_o month_n be_v heave_v up_o with_o opinion_n and_o conceit_n ceipt_n of_o their_o own_o length_n and_o hantine_n assault_v heaven_n intend_v to_o have_v pull_v the_o god_n out_o of_o their_o place_n and_o 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almost_o forget_v for_o comb_n and_o compe_n in_o saxon_n be_v somewhat_o decline_v from_o campus_n in_o latin_a signify_v a_o field_n or_o camp_n for_o a_o army_n to_o sojourn_v in_o and_o in_o memory_n of_o this_o archebishop_n aelpheg_n the_o parish_n church_n at_o greenewiche_n be_v at_o the_o first_o dedicate_v to_o his_o honour_n remain_v know_v by_o his_o name_n even_o till_o this_o present_a day_n thus_o much_o of_o the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o place_n concern_v the_o latter_a history_n i_o read_v that_o it_o be_v soon_o after_o the_o conquest_n parcel_n of_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o lysieux_n in_o france_n and_o that_o it_o bare_a service_n to_o odo_n than_o bishop_n of_o baieux_n and_o earl_n of_o kent_n after_o that_o the_o manor_n belong_v to_o the_o abbot_n of_o gaunt_n in_o flaunders_n till_o such_o time_n as_o king_n henry_n the_o five_o seize_v into_o his_o hand_n by_o occasion_n of_o war_n the_o land_n of_o the_o prior_n alien_n bestow_v it_o 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the_o thing_n that_o i_o have_v to_o remember_v in_o eltham_n and_o to_o make_v a_o end_n of_o all_o these_o be_v the_o place_n whereof_o i_o mean_v to_o make_v note_n in_o this_o my_o xenagogie_n and_o perambulation_n of_o kent_n the_o first_o and_o only_a shire_n that_o i_o have_v describe_v wherein_o although_o i_o have_v not_o speak_v of_o sundry_a town_n not_o inferior_a at_o this_o present_a in_o estimation_n to_o a_o great_a many_o that_o i_o have_v handle_v and_o happy_o equal_a with_o they_o in_o antiquity_n also_o yet_o i_o think_v i_o have_v neither_o pretermit_v many_o that_o be_v much_o worthy_a of_o observation_n nor_o scarce_o omit_v any_o that_o be_v mention_v in_o such_o book_n of_o history_n as_o be_v easy_o to_o be_v have_v and_o obtain_v but_o as_o for_o the_o feodary_n and_o tenor_n of_o land_n genealogy_n &_o arm_n of_o man_n ebb_n flood_n &_o tide_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o rivers_n flatte_n bar_n haven_n &_o such_o other_o thing_n although_o somewhat_o may_v 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this_o shire_n as_o bear_v the_o name_n of_o gavelkind_n be_v common_o call_v gavelkind_n custom_n for_o that_o they_o prevail_v and_o have_v place_n in_o land_n of_o gavelkind_n nature_n in_o which_o respect_n it_o shall_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o show_v for_o what_o reason_n those_o land_n be_v at_o the_o first_o so_o term_v and_o why_o they_o do_v yet_o hitherto_o continue_v the_o name_n two_o conjecture_n i_o have_v of_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o name_n the_o one_o ground_v upon_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o descent_n and_o inheritance_n of_o these_o land_n themselves_o the_o other_o found_v upon_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o duty_n and_o service_n that_o they_o yield_v both_o which_o i_o will_v not_o stick_v to_o recite_v and_o yet_o leave_v to_o each_o man_n free_a choice_n to_o receive_v either_o or_o to_o refuse_v both_o as_o it_o shall_v best_o like_o he_o arise_v i_o gather_v by_o cornelius_n tacitus_n and_o other_o that_o the_o ancient_a german_n who_o offspring_n we_o be_v suffer_v their_o land_n to_o descend_v not_o to_o the_o elder_a son_n alone_o but_o to_o the_o whole_a number_n of_o their_o male_a child_n &_o i_o find_v in_o the_o 75._o chap._n of_o canutus_n law_n a_o king_n of_o this_o realm_n before_o the_o conquest_n that_o after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o father_n his_o heir_n shall_v divide_v both_o his_o good_n and_o his_o land_n amongst_o they_o now_o for_o as_o much_o as_o all_o the_o next_o of_o the_o kindred_n do_v this_o inherit_v together_o i_o conjecture_v that_o therefore_o the_o land_n be_v call_v either_o gavelkyn_n in_o meaning_n giveall_n kin_n because_o it_o be_v give_v to_o all_o the_o next_o in_o one_o line_n of_o kindred_n or_o give_v all_o kind_n that_o be_v to_o all_o the_o male_a child_n for_o kind_n in_o dutch_a signify_v yet_o a_o male_a child_n beside_o this_o the_o welshman_n also_o who_o but_o now_o late_o lose_v this_o custom_n do_v in_o their_o language_n call_v this_o descent_n gwele_v and_o in_o their_o latin_a record_n lectus_fw-la progeny_n &_o gavella_fw-la of_o their_o own_o word_n gefeil_v which_o signify_v twin_n or_o such_o as_o be_v bear_v together_o because_o they_o do_v all_o inherit_v together_o and_o make_v as_o it_o be_v but_o one_o heir_n and_o not_o many_o and_o here_o by_o the_o way_n i_o can_v omit_v to_o show_v that_o they_o of_o this_o our_o kentish_a country_n term_n do_v yet_o call_v their_o partition_n of_o land_n shift_v even_o by_o the_o very_a same_o word_n that_o the_o law_n of_o canutus_n many_o year_n since_o term_v it_o namely_o scyftan_n in_o latin_a herciscere_fw-la that_o be_v to_o shift_v depart_v or_o divide_v land_n my_o other_o conjecture_n be_v raise_v upon_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o rent_n and_o service_n go_v out_o of_o these_o land_n for_o it_o be_v well_o know_v that_o as_o knight_n service_n land_n require_v the_o presence_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o warfare_n and_o battle_n abroad_o so_o this_o land_n be_v of_o socage_n tenure_n command_v his_o attendance_n at_o the_o plough_n and_o other_o the_o lord_n affair_n of_o husbandry_n at_o home_n the_o one_o by_o manhood_n defend_v his_o lord_n life_n and_o person_n the_o other_o by_o industry_n maintain_v with_o rent_n corn_n and_o victual_v his_o estate_n and_o family_n this_o rent_n and_o customary_a payment_n of_o work_n the_o saxon_n call_v gafol_n and_o thereof_o as_o i_o think_v they_o name_v the_o land_n that_o yield_v it_o gafolette_n or_o gafolcynd_n that_o be_v to_o say_v land_n let_v for_o rent_n or_o of_o the_o kind_n to_o yield_v rent_n in_o this_o sense_n i_o be_o sure_a that_o the_o rent_n custom_n and_o service_n which_o the_o tenante_n of_o london_n pay_v to_o their_o land_n lord_n be_v wont_a and_o yet_o be_v to_o be_v recover_v by_o a_o writ_n thereof_o call_v gavellet_n as_o by_o a_o ancient_a statute_n make_v in_o the_o ten_o year_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o second_o entitle_v statutum_n de_fw-it gaveleto_fw-it in_o london_n and_o by_o daily_a experience_n there_o it_o may_v well_o appear_v thus_o much_o then_o as_o concern_v the_o etymon_n of_o this_o word_n gavelkind_n be_v say_v let_v we_o proceed_v further_o custom_n it_o have_v already_o appear_v how_o the_o kentishman_n immediate_o after_o the_o conquest_n obtain_v the_o continuation_n of_o their_o custom_n and_o it_o be_v very_o manifest_a by_o ancient_a writer_n that_o the_o same_o for_o the_o more_o part_n have_v be_v in_o ure_n and_o exercise_n ever_o since_o for_o omit_v that_o which_o thomas_n spot_n have_v write_v concern_v the_o same_o matter_n for_o as_o much_o as_o it_o be_v already_o recite_v at_o large_a glanuile_n a_o learned_a man_n that_o flourish_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o second_o in_o his_o
that_o of_o the_o country_n people_n assemble_v by_o hue_n and_o cry_n for_o then_o say_v the_o custom_n see_v that_o his_o wend_v see_v his_o lend_v but_o corrupt_o for_o in_o true_a saxon_a letter_n it_o stand_v thus_o see_v þat_a hire_n ƿende_fw-la she_o hire_v lend_v that_o be_v to_o say_v he_o that_o do_v turn_v or_o wend_v she_o let_v he_o also_o give_v unto_o she_o or_o lend_v she_o and_o thus_o the_o custom_n make_v like_o estimation_n of_o both_o the_o case_n deprive_v she_o of_o her_o live_n as_o well_o for_o honest_a marriage_n as_o for_o filthy_a fornication_n in_o which_o behalf_n as_o i_o must_v needs_o confess_v that_o the_o late_a condition_n have_v reason_n because_o it_o tend_v though_o not_o full_o to_o the_o correction_n of_o sin_n and_o wickedness_n so_o yet_o dare_v i_o affirm_v that_o the_o former_a be_v not_o only_o not_o reasonable_a but_o mere_o lewd_a and_o irreligious_a also_o for_o although_o the_o ethnic_n do_v so_o much_o magnify_v wydowhood_n that_o as_o valerius_n recite_v faeminas_fw-la quae_fw-la uno_fw-la matrimonio_fw-la contentae_fw-la erant_fw-la corona_fw-la pudicitiae_fw-la honorabant_fw-la and_o although_o that_o the_o common_a law_n also_o be_v direct_v by_o the_o popish_a clergy_n which_o therein_o follow_v the_o error_n of_o jerome_n do_v in_o another_o case_n by_o the_o name_n of_o bigamy_n dislike_v of_o a_o woman_n second_o marriage_n yet_o saint_n paul_n say_v plain_o mulier_fw-la si_fw-la dormierit_fw-la maritus_fw-la eius_fw-la libera_fw-la est_fw-la ut_fw-la cvi_fw-la vult_fw-la nubat_fw-la modò_fw-la in_o domino_fw-la but_o yet_o for_o all_o this_o see_v that_o our_o treatise_n of_o usage_n recite_v it_o see_v also_o that_o common_a experience_n of_o the_o country_n approve_v it_o and_o that_o the_o common_a law_n of_o the_o realm_n as_o it_o may_v be_v read_v praerogativa_fw-la regis_fw-la cap._n 16._o &_o 2._o h._n 3._o in_o praescription_n 59_o admit_v it_o let_v we_o also_o for_o this_o place_n and_o purpose_n be_v content_v to_o number_v it_o amongst_o our_o custom_n and_o so_o proceed_v with_o the_o residue_n it_o appear_v by_o that_o which_o be_v already_o say_v that_o the_o common_a law_n and_o this_o custom_n differ_v in_o two_o thing_n concern_v dower_n one_o in_o that_o the_o common_a law_n give_v but_o a_o third_o part_n whereas_o the_o custom_n vouchsafe_v the_o half_a another_o in_o that_o this_o custom_n give_v conditional_o whereas_o the_o gift_n of_o the_o common_a law_n be_v free_a and_o absolute_a now_o therefore_o there_o remain_v to_o be_v show_v certain_a other_o point_n wherein_o they_o vary_v also_o as_o if_o the_o husband_n commit_v felony_n at_o the_o common_a law_n his_o wife_n have_v lose_v her_o title_n of_o dower_n but_o by_o the_o custom_n of_o this_o country_n she_o shall_v not_o loose_v her_o dower_n for_o the_o fault_n of_o her_o husband_n but_o only_o in_o such_o case_n where_o the_o heir_n shall_v loose_v his_o inheritance_n for_o the_o offence_n of_o his_o father_n which_o thing_n be_v manifest_a both_o by_o the_o treatise_n of_o our_o kentish_a custom_n and_o by_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o court_n 8._o h._n 3._o praescription_n 60._o at_o the_o common_a law_n also_o the_o wife_n shall_v be_v endow_v of_o a_o possession_n in_o law_n but_o as_o i_o think_v she_o shall_v have_v no_o dower_n by_o this_o custom_n but_o only_o of_o such_o land_n whereof_o her_o husband_n be_v actual_o and_o real_o seize_v for_o the_o word_n be_v des_n tenement_n dount_v son_n baron_n morust_z seiset_v et_fw-la vestu_fw-ge which_o word_n vestu_fw-ge be_v clean_o omit_v in_o the_o imprint_v book_n enforce_v a_o possession_n in_o deed_n and_o not_o in_o law_n only_o and_o therefore_o if_o land_n in_o gavelkind_n descend_v to_o a_o marry_a man_n which_o die_v before_o he_o make_v his_o entry_n into_o the_o same_o inquire_v whether_o it_o be_v the_o manner_n to_o endow_v his_o wife_n thereof_o or_o no_o for_o use_n be_v the_o only_a oracle_n that_o in_o this_o case_n i_o can_v send_v you_o unto_o again_o at_o the_o common_a law_n a_o woman_n shall_v be_v endow_v of_o a_o fair_a or_o of_o any_o such_o other_o profit_n but_o for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o word_n of_o this_o customary_a dower_n be_v terres_fw-la &_o tenement_n and_o for_o that_o all_o custom_n shall_v find_v a_o literal_a and_o straight_a interpretation_n the_o opinion_n of_o master_n parkins_n be_v that_o no_o dower_n lie_v of_o a_o fair_a by_o this_o custom_n furthermore_o if_o the_o wife_n recover_v her_o dower_n at_o the_o common_a law_n she_o ought_v of_o necessity_n to_o be_v endow_v by_o meat_n and_o bound_n but_o in_o dower_n after_o this_o custom_n say_v the_o same_o author_n she_o may_v very_o well_o be_v endow_v of_o a_o moiety_n to_o be_v hold_v in_o common_a with_o the_o heir_n that_o enjoy_v the_o other_o half_a last_o this_o custom_n beside_o dower_n of_o the_o one_o half_a of_o the_o husband_n land_n chattel_n provide_v dower_n of_o the_o moiety_n of_o such_o good_n also_o as_o he_o die_v possess_v of_o if_o he_o have_v no_o child_n and_o of_o the_o third_o part_n though_o he_o leave_v issue_n whereas_o the_o common_a law_n at_o the_o least_o in_o common_a practice_n at_o this_o day_n have_v no_o consideration_n of_o any_o such_o endowment_n these_o than_o be_v the_o difference_n between_o the_o common_a law_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o the_o particular_a custom_n of_o this_o country_n concern_v dower_n the_o comparison_n whereof_o and_o whether_o sort_n of_o dower_n be_v more_o beneficial_a i_o will_v not_o now_o attempt_v and_o much_o less_o take_v upon_o i_o to_o determine_v lest_o i_o myself_o may_v seem_v rash_o to_o prejudicate_v in_o another_o thing_n wherein_o i_o most_o glad_o desire_v to_o be_v judge_v by_o other_o man_n namely_o whether_o a_o woman_n entitle_v to_o dower_n in_o gavelkind_n may_v wean_v her_o dower_n of_o the_o moiety_n after_o this_o custom_n and_o bring_v her_o action_n to_o be_v endow_v of_o the_o third_o at_o the_o common_a law_n and_o so_o exempt_v herself_o from_o all_o danger_n of_o these_o customary_a condition_n or_o no_o the_o resolution_n of_o which_o doubt_n will_v depend_v chief_o upon_o comparison_n whether_o it_o be_v more_o advantage_n to_o she_o to_o have_v the_o third_o at_o the_o common_a law_n absolute_o or_o the_o moiety_n by_o the_o custom_n conditional_o for_o if_o the_o dower_n at_o the_o common_a law_n be_v better_a for_o she_o than_o it_o seem_v reasonable_a that_o she_o shall_v stand_v to_o the_o worse_o which_o be_v the_o custom_n even_o as_o tenant_n by_o the_o courtesy_n must_v take_v the_o moiety_n that_o the_o custom_n give_v and_o not_o ask_v the_o whole_a as_o common_a law_n appoint_v and_o yet_o thereto_o it_o may_v be_v reply_v that_o the_o case_n be_v not_o like_a for_o so_o much_o as_o that_o of_o dower_n be_v much_o more_o to_o be_v favour_v i_o myself_o once_o hear_v two_o reverend_a judge_n of_o opinion_n that_o the_o woman_n be_v at_o liberty_n to_o ask_v her_o dower_n of_o the_o third_o or_o of_o the_o moiety_n but_o because_o it_o be_v utter_v by_o they_o in_o a_o passage_n of_o sudden_a speech_n and_o not_o speak_v upon_o study_a argument_n i_o will_v not_o use_v the_o authority_n of_o their_o name_n to_o get_v the_o matter_n credit_n with_o all_o but_o leave_v it_o at_o large_a to_o be_v better_o inquire_v of_o chattel_n after_o the_o husband_n and_o the_o wife_n there_o follow_v next_o in_o order_n of_o our_o division_n the_o child_n and_o his_o garden_n who_o also_o since_o they_o be_v relative_n as_o the_o other_o be_v and_o that_o their_o interest_n carry_v a_o mutual_a and_o reciproquè_fw-fr eye_n each_o have_a respect_n to_o other_o we_o will_v likewise_o couple_v together_o in_o one_o treatise_n and_o because_o the_o custom_n be_v wont_a to_o commit_v the_o custody_n not_o of_o the_o land_n only_a as_o the_o common_a law_n do_v but_o of_o the_o good_n and_o chattel_n also_o we_o will_v first_o show_v what_o portion_n of_o good_n do_v grow_v to_o the_o child_n by_o the_o death_n of_o his_o parent_n chattel_n the_o manner_n of_o this_o country_n sometime_o be_v as_o it_o appear_v by_o our_o old_a treatise_n that_o after_o the_o funeral_n of_o the_o dead_a man_n perform_v and_o his_o debt_n discharge_v the_o good_n shall_v be_v divide_v into_o three_o equal_a portion_n if_o he_o leave_v any_o lawful_a issue_n behind_o he_o of_o which_o three_o one_o part_n be_v allot_v to_o the_o dead_a for_o performance_n of_o his_o legacy_n another_o to_o the_o child_n for_o their_o education_n and_o the_o third_o to_o the_o wife_n for_o her_o sustentation_n and_o maintenance_n but_o if_o he_o have_v no_o child_n leave_v on_o live_v than_o be_v the_o division_n into_o two_o part_n only_o of_o which_o the_o one_o belong_v to_o the_o wife_n
for_o her_o endowment_n and_o the_o other_o to_o her_o depart_a husband_n to_o be_v bestow_v by_o his_o executor_n if_o he_o make_v a_o testament_n or_o by_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o ordinary_a if_o he_o die_v intestate_a the_o self_n same_o order_n be_v at_o this_o day_n observe_v in_o the_o city_n of_o london_n london_n and_o the_o same_o in_o effect_n be_v long_o since_o use_v throughout_o the_o whole_a realm_n for_o it_o be_v evident_a both_o by_o the_o law_n of_o king_n canutus_n before_o remember_v by_o master_n glanvil_n in_o his_o book_n ca._n 18._o and_o by_o the_o word_n of_o magna_n carta_n that_o the_o wife_n and_o child_n have_v their_o reasonable_a part_n of_o the_o good_n by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o the_o realm_n howsoever_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v at_o the_o length_n that_o it_o be_v admit_v for_o law_n but_o in_o such_o country_n only_o where_o it_o be_v continue_v by_o daily_a usage_n as_o it_o be_v hold_v 17._o e._n 2._o and_o in_o many_o other_o book_n &_o that_o all_o the_o writ_n in_o the_o register_n de_fw-fr rationabili_fw-la parte_fw-la bonorum_fw-la have_v mention_n of_o the_o special_a custom_n of_o the_o shire_n in_o which_o the_o part_n be_v demand_v but_o as_o in_o deed_n at_o this_o day_n partition_n of_o chattel_n be_v not_o use_v though_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n it_o have_v not_o lose_v the_o force_n of_o common_a law_n as_o many_o think_v through_o out_o the_o whole_a realm_n so_o be_v it_o so_o far_o as_o i_o can_v learn_v vanish_v quite_o out_o of_o all_o ure_n within_o this_o country_n also_o and_o therefore_o see_v the_o garden_n be_v deliver_v of_o this_o charge_n we_o also_o will_v leave_v to_o speak_v further_o of_o the_o good_n and_o come_v to_o the_o partition_n and_o custody_n of_o the_o land_n of_o this_o infant_n if_o a_o man_n die_v seize_v of_o land_n in_o gavelkind_n land_n of_o any_o estate_n of_o inheritance_n all_o his_o son_n shall_v have_v equal_a portion_n &_o if_o he_o have_v no_o son_n than_o ought_v it_o equal_o to_o be_v divide_v amongst_o his_o daughter_n but_o yet_o so_o that_o the_o elder_a son_n or_o daughter_n have_v by_o the_o custom_n a_o preeminence_n of_o election_n and_o the_o young_a son_n or_o daughter_n a_o preferment_n in_o the_o partition_n for_o as_o of_o ancient_a time_n there_o ought_v to_o be_v grant_v to_o the_o elder_a the_o first_o choice_n after_o the_o division_n so_o to_o the_o part_n of_o the_o young_a there_o ought_v to_o be_v allot_v in_o the_o division_n that_o piece_n of_o the_o mesuage_n which_o our_o treatise_n call_v astre_n mean_v by_o which_o word_n be_v mean_v as_o i_o conjecture_v for_o otherwise_o i_o have_v not_o learned_a either_o the_o hall_n or_o chief_a room_n of_o the_o house_n either_o else_o the_o well_o for_o water_n or_o the_o south_n side_n of_o the_o build_n for_o astre_n be_v sound_v without_o s_o may_v come_v of_o the_o latin_a word_n atrium_n which_o signify_v a_o hall_n or_o of_o haustrum_fw-la which_o betoken_v the_o bucket_n of_o a_o well_o or_o of_o austrum_fw-la the_o south_n side_n every_o of_o which_o have_v their_o particular_a commodity_n above_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o house_n or_o tenement_n or_o otherwise_o if_o that_o shall_v like_v any_o man_n better_a be_v sound_v with_o s_o it_o may_v be_v deduce_v from_o the_o french_a word_n asistre_n by_o contraction_n astre_n which_o be_v as_o much_o as_o a_o site_n or_o situation_n and_o with_o the_o article_n le_o before_o it_o lestre_n a_o churchyard_n or_o court_n about_o a_o house_n but_o whatsoever_o the_o word_n mean_v i_o will_v not_o long_o labour_n in_o it_o see_v that_o at_o this_o day_n there_o be_v no_o such_o regard_n make_v in_o the_o partition_n but_o only_a consideration_n have_v that_o the_o part_n themselves_o be_v equal_a and_o indifferent_a now_o therefore_o if_o the_o child_n be_v under_o the_o age_n of_o 15._o year_n the_o next_o cousin_n to_o who_o the_o inheritance_n may_v not_o descend_v shall_v have_v the_o education_n &_o order_n of_o his_o body_n &_o land_n until_o such_o time_n as_o he_o shall_v attain_v to_o that_o age_n even_o as_o the_o garden_n in_o socage_n at_o the_o common_a law_n shall_v keep_v he_o until_o the_o ward_n aspire_v to_o fourteen_o and_o in_o all_o other_o thing_n also_o this_o customary_a garden_n be_v to_o be_v charge_v and_o to_o have_v allowance_n in_o such_o sort_n and_o none_o other_o then_o as_o the_o garden_n in_o socage_n at_o the_o common_a law_n be_v save_v only_o as_o it_o be_v partly_o remember_v already_o that_o he_o be_v both_o chargeable_a to_o the_o heir_n in_o account_n for_o his_o receipt_n &_o subject_n also_o to_o the_o distress_n of_o the_o lord_n for_o the_o same_o cause_n custom_n yet_o do_v i_o not_o hear_v that_o the_o lord_n take_v upon_o they_o at_o this_o day_n to_o commit_v the_o custody_n of_o these_o infant_n but_o that_o they_o leave_v it_o altogether_o to_o the_o order_n of_o the_o next_o of_o the_o kin_n the_o rather_o belike_o for_o that_o they_o themselves_o if_o they_o intermeddle_v stand_v chargeable_a in_o default_n of_o the_o ability_n of_o such_o as_o happy_o they_o may_v credit_v therewithal_o so_o that_o upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n the_o add_v consist_v only_a in_o this_o that_o garden_n in_o socage_n at_o the_o common_a law_n shall_v keep_v the_o land_n till_o the_o infant_n be_v fourteen_o year_n of_o age_n and_o garden_n by_o this_o custom_n till_o he_o have_v attain_v full_o fifteen_o which_o diversity_n arise_v not_o without_o great_a reason_n for_o whereas_o the_o infant_n in_o socage_n at_o the_o common_a law_n yearâ—â—_n can_v make_v alienation_n of_o his_o land_n until_o he_o have_v reach_v to_o the_o full_a age_n of_o 21._o year_n although_o he_o be_v long_o before_o that_o free_a from_o all_o wardship_n the_o infant_n in_o socage_n by_o this_o custom_n may_v give_v and_o sell_v his_o land_n so_o soon_o as_o he_o be_v creep_v out_o of_o this_o custody_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v expedient_a at_o the_o jest_n to_o add_v one_o year_n to_o the_o common_a law_n before_o he_o shall_v be_v of_o power_n to_o depart_v with_o his_o inheritance_n which_o otherwise_o be_v unadvised_o make_v away_o may_v work_v his_o own_o impoverishment_n and_o overthrow_n and_o true_o it_o seem_v to_o i_o that_o the_o custom_n itself_o have_v a_o watchful_a eye_n upon_o the_o same_o matter_n in_o so_o much_o as_o it_o licence_v he_o at_o fifteen_o year_n not_o to_o give_v his_o land_n for_o that_o he_o may_v do_v for_o nothing_o but_o to_o give_v and_o sell_v his_o land_n which_o it_o mean_v he_o shall_v not_o do_v without_o sufficient_a recompense_n such_o like_a interpretation_n the_o common_a law_n also_o seem_v to_o make_v of_o this_o custom_n both_o by_o the_o opinion_n of_o vavasor_n 5._o h._n 7._o who_o say_v the_o it_o be_v adjudge_v that_o a_o release_v make_v by_o such_o a_o infant_n be_v void_a by_o the_o sentence_n of_o the_o book_n 21._o e._n 4._o 24._o where_o it_o be_v say_v that_o a_o infant_n can_v declare_v his_o will_n upon_o such_o a_o feoffment_n and_o by_o the_o judgement_n of_o hank_n 11._o h._n 4._o who_o also_o hold_v that_o a_o warranty_n or_o grant_v of_o a_o reversion_n make_v at_o such_o age_n be_v to_o no_o purpose_n at_o all_o although_o a_o lease_n with_o release_n may_v happy_o be_v good_a by_o the_o custom_n because_o that_o amount_v to_o a_o feoffment_n and_o in_o my_o simple_a judgement_n it_o be_v not_o fit_a that_o this_o custom_n shall_v be_v construe_v by_o equity_n for_o as_o much_o as_o it_o stand_v not_o with_o any_o equity_n to_o enable_v a_o infant_n of_o little_a discretion_n and_o less_o experience_n to_o sell_v his_o land_n and_o not_o to_o provide_v withal_o that_o he_o shall_v have_v quid_fw-la pro_fw-la quo_fw-la and_o some_o reasonable_a recompense_n for_o the_o same_o for_o that_o be_v not_o to_o defend_v the_o pupil_n and_o fatherless_a but_o to_o lay_v he_o wide_o open_a to_o every_o sly_a deceit_n and_o circumvention_n in_o which_o respect_n i_o can_v but_o very_o well_o like_a of_o their_o opinion_n year_n who_o hold_v that_o if_o a_o infant_n in_o gavelkind_n at_o this_o day_n will_v sell_v at_o xv_o year_n of_o age_n these_o three_o thing_n ought_v of_o necessity_n to_o concur_v if_o he_o will_v have_v the_o sale_n good_a and_o effectual_a the_o first_o that_o he_o be_v a_o heir_n and_o not_o a_o purchasour_n of_o the_o land_n that_o he_o depart_v withal_o the_o second_o that_o he_o have_v recompense_n for_o it_o and_o the_o three_o that_o he_o do_v it_o with_o livery_n of_o seison_n by_o his_o own_o hand_n and_o not_o by_o warrant_n of_o attorney_n nor_o by_o any_o other_o manner_n of_o assurance_n and_o these_o man_n for_o proof_n
of_o the_o first_o and_o second_o point_n of_o their_o assertion_n do_v build_v upon_o the_o word_n of_o our_o write_a custom_n where_o it_o be_v say_v del_n heure_fw-fr que_fw-fr ceux_fw-fr heir_n de_fw-fr gavelkind_n soient_fw-fr ou_fw-fr ount_n pass_v lage_n de_fw-fr 15._o ans_fw-fr listen_v a_o eux_fw-fr lour_v terres_fw-la &_o tenement_n donor_n &_o vender_n in_o which_o the_o word_n ceux_fw-fr heir_n do_v restrain_v the_o infant_n that_o come_v in_o by_o purchase_n and_o donor_n &_o vender_n in_o the_o copulative_a for_o so_o they_o lie_v in_o deed_n though_o the_o imprint_v book_n have_v they_o disiunctive_o do_v of_o necessity_n imply_v a_o recompense_n for_o as_o much_o as_o vendere_fw-la can_v be_v sine_fw-la precio_fw-la and_o for_o maintenance_n of_o the_o three_o matter_n they_o have_v on_o their_o part_n beside_o the_o common_a usage_n of_o their_o own_o country_n the_o common_a law_n of_o the_o whole_a realm_n also_o which_o expound_v the_o word_n donor_n to_o mean_v a_o 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which_o also_o be_v confess_v to_o be_v true_a .30_o e._n 1._o in_o the_o title_n of_o villeinage_n 46._o in_o fitzherbert_n where_o it_o be_v hold_v sufficient_a for_o a_o man_n to_o avoid_v the_o objection_n of_o bondage_n to_o say_v that_o his_o father_n be_v bear_v in_o the_o shire_n of_o kent_n but_o whether_o it_o will_v serve_v in_o that_o case_n to_o say_v that_o himself_o be_v bear_v in_o kent_n i_o have_v know_v it_o for_o good_a reason_n doubt_v it_o seem_v by_o the_o same_o treatise_n appearance_n that_o such_o person_n as_o hold_v none_o other_o land_n then_o of_o gavelkind_n nature_n be_v not_o bind_v to_o appear_v upon_o summon_n before_o the_o justice_n in_o eire_n otherwise_o then_o by_o their_o borsholder_n and_o four_o other_o of_o the_o borrow_n a_o few_o place_n only_o except_v the_o like_a to_o this_o privilege_n be_v enjoy_v at_o this_o day_n in_o the_o sheriff_n lathe_z where_o many_o whole_a borrow_n be_v excuse_v by_o the_o only_a appearance_n of_o a_o 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present_a day_n attaint_n the_o parliament_n 15._o h._n 6._o 3._o mind_v to_o amplify_v the_o privilege_n of_o gavelkind_n grant_v to_o the_o tenant_n of_o that_o land_n exemption_n in_o attaint_v in_o such_o sort_n as_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o ancient_a demean_n and_o of_o the_o five_o port_n before_o have_v but_o within_o three_o year_n after_o upon_o the_o complaint_n of_o some_o of_o the_o gentz_n of_o the_o country_n which_o inform_v the_o parliament_n house_n that_o there_o be_v not_o in_o the_o whole_a shire_n above_o the_o number_n of_o 30_o or_o 40._o person_n that_o hold_v to_o the_o value_n of_o 20._o li._n land_n out_o of_o gavelkind_n who_o in_o default_n of_o other_o and_o by_o reason_n of_o that_o exemption_n be_v continual_o molest_v by_o return_n in_o attaint_v that_o act_n be_v utter_o repeal_v the_o statute_n .14_o h._n 8._o cap._n 6._o give_v liberty_n to_o every_o man_n way_n have_v high_a way_n through_o his_o land_n in_o the_o weald_n that_o be_v wear_v deep_a 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any_o purpose_n to_o bind_v the_o learned_a unto_o it_o but_o of_o a_o desire_n to_o inform_v the_o unlearned_a by_o it_o kent_n caesario_n these_o sount_n be_v les_fw-fr the_o usage_n usage_n &_o les_fw-fr and_o custume_n custom_n les_fw-fr the_o que_n which_o le_o the_o comunaute_fw-fr comunalty_n de_fw-fr of_o kent_n kent_n cleiment_n claim_v aver_o to_o have_v en_fw-fr in_o the_o tenementz_n tenement_n the_o of_o gavylekende_v gavelkind_n e_o &_o en_fw-fr in_o gentz_n the_o man_n of_o gavilekendey_n gavelkind_n copy_n *_o allow_v en_fw-fr eire_n john_n de_fw-fr allow_v in_o eire_n before_o john_n of_o berewike_n berwick_n e_fw-la sos_fw-la companion_n and_o his_o companion_n justice_n the_o justice_n en_fw-fr in_o eire_n eire_n en_fw-fr in_fw-la kent_n kent_n le_fw-fr the_o 21._o 21._o a_o year_n le_fw-fr of_o roy_fw-fr ed._n fitz_fw-fr le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr henry_n *_o cestascavoir_fw-fr que_fw-fr toutes_fw-fr les_fw-fr king_n e._n the_o son_n of_o king_n henry_n *_o that_o be_v to_o 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at_o the_o sea._n the_o college_n the_o value_n of_o the_o religious_a house_n in_o this_o shire_n the_o city_n when_o it_o begin_v the_o old_a school_n at_o canterbury_n the_o decay_n of_o canterbury_n and_o other_o place_n continual_a contention_n between_o the_o two_o great_a house_n in_o canterbury_n christeschurche_n in_o canterbury_n thomas_n becket_n the_o archbishop_n &_o his_o history_n saint_n augustine_n the_o dead_a in_o old_a time_n be_v bury_v out_o of_o the_o city_n popish_a brawl_n s._n maries_n in_o canterbury_n the_o saint_n and_o relic_n at_o canterbury_n s._n august_n thomas_n becket_n have_v two_o head_n s._n gregory_n in_o canterbury_n s._n laurenceâ—_n hospital_n s_o james_n hospital_n s._n sepulcher_n white_a friar_n s._n mildredâ—_n the_o bishop_n palace_n s._n martin_n be_v a_o bishop_n see._n s._n sepulcher_n by_o canterbury_n the_o monk_n contend_v with_o the_o archbishop_n and_o do_v prevail_v the_o vanity_n of_o man_n and_o the_o subtlety_n of_o the_o 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hengist_n &_o horsa_n the_o beginning_n of_o the_o kentish_a kingdom_n orpenton_n &_o the_o course_n of_o cray_n water_n mesopotamia_n signify_v a_o country_n encompass_v with_o river_n rochester_n castle_n besiege_v prince_n may_v woo_v by_o picture_n and_o mary_n by_o proctor_n the_o abbay_n the_o old_a manner_n of_o tournament_n the_o occasion_n of_o jacke_n straw_n his_o rebellion_n the_o courâ—â—_n of_o the_o river_n of_o derent_fw-la the_o name_n of_o portreve_v whereof_o it_o come_v the_o name_n of_o sheriff_n london_n have_v a_o portreve_n the_o office_n of_o a_o reue._n a_o learned_a age_n in_o which_o priest_n have_v more_o latin_n they_o english_a and_o yet_o almost_o no_o latin_a at_o all_o the_o order_n of_o this_o description_n the_o manor_n the_o church_n of_o s._n hildeferthe_n the_o ancient_a form_n of_o a_o testament_n the_o ancient_a estate_n of_o a_o gentleman_n and_o by_o what_o mean_v gentle_a be_v obtain_v in_o the_o old_a time_n the_o degree_n of_o freemen_n 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knight_n fee_n be_v not_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o gavelkind_n the_o change_n of_o gavelkind_n tenure_n be_v no_o change_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o gavelkind_n a_o contrary_a usage_n change_v not_o the_o nature_n of_o gavelkind_n heahbeorg_n in_o saxon_a be_v a_o high_a defence_n and_o the_o custom_n of_o normandy_n that_o call_v fiene_a or_o fee_n de_fw-fr haubert_n which_o owe_v to_o defend_v the_o land_n by_o full_a arm_n that_o be_v by_o horse_n haubert_n target_n sword_n or_o helm_n and_o it_o consist_v of_o 300._o acre_n of_o land_n which_o be_v the_o same_o as_o i_o suppose_v that_o we_o call_v a_o whole_a knight_n fee_n fee_n the_o custom_n of_o gavelkind_n be_v universal_a in_o kent_n the_o reason_n of_o gavelkind_n custom_n what_o thing_n shall_v ensue_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o land_n rent_n remainder_n vourcher_n condition_n attaint_n and_o error_n no_o battle_n nor_o grand_a assize_n in_o gavelkind_n forfeiture_n in_o felony_n cessavit_fw-la in_o gavelkind_n tenant_n by_o the_o courtesy_n tenant_n in_o dâ—wer_n the_o difference_n between_o common_a law_n and_o custom_n therein_o dower_n of_o chattel_n partition_n of_o chattel_n partition_n of_o chattel_n london_n partition_n of_o gavelkind_n land_n astrâ—_n what_o it_o mean_v garden_n after_o the_o custom_n sale_n be_v at_o 15._o yearâ—â—_n sale_n good_a at_o 15._o year_n no_o villain_n in_o kent_n appearance_n câ—men_fw-fr chase_n and_o drive_v out_o attaint_n change_a of_o way_n goppy_n these_o word_n between_o the_o star_n be_v take_v out_o of_o a_o other_o old_a copy_n free_a man_n esechator_fw-la give_v and_o sell_v land_n without_o licence_n plede_n by_o write_v or_o pleinte_v appear_v by_o borsholder_n no_o escheat_n for_o felony_n but_o of_o good_n only_o dower_n of_o the_o one_o half_a fly_v for_o felony_n cause_v forfeiture_n partition_n among_o the_o heir_n male_n the_o astre_n courtesan_n in_o other_o copy_n one_o suit_n for_o all_o the_o parcener_n partition_n of_o good_n custody_n of_o the_o heir_n in_o gavelkind_n sale_n at_o xv_o year_n of_o age_n dower_n of_o the_o one_o half_a forfeiture_n of_o dower_n tenant_n by_o the_o courtesy_n of_o the_o one_o half_a the_o descent_n of_o gavelkind_n change_v forfeiture_n by_o ceslavit_fw-la or_o gâ—uelate_fw-la no_o oath_n but_o for_o fealty_n essoignes_n no_o battle_n nor_o graunâ—_n assize_n in_o guelkinde_a land_n a_o table_n contain_v the_o principal_a place_n and_o matter_n handle_v in_o this_o book_n a_o angles_n or_o englishman_n page_n 2_o archbishopric_n of_o canterbury_n page_n 62_o archbishop_n contend_v for_o the_o primacy_n page_n 65_o archbishop_n all_o name_v page_n 70_o armour_n page_n 112._o 211._o apledore_n page_n 146._o 162_o ail_v or_o eile_v a_o river_n page_n 177._o correction_n of_o adultery_n page_n 180._o appropriation_n page_n 292_o ailesforde_n page_n 321._o asheherst_n page_n 333._o adington_n page_n 258._o aldington_n page_n 149._o b_o brytones_n or_o welshman_n page_n 1._o 12._o borsholder_n what_o he_o be_v page_n 22_o bridge_n of_o stone_n page_n