law_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o concern_v the_o county_n court_n which_o recite_v it_o as_o a_o custom_n in_o his_o time_n use_v 7._o ll._n hen._n 1._o c._n 7._o that_o the_o bishop_n and_o earl_n with_o other_o the_o chief_a man_n of_o that_o county_n be_v there_o present_a as_o assistant_n in_o directory_n of_o judgement_n and_o that_o in_o order_n be_v handle_v first_o matter_n of_o the_o church_n second_o crown_n plea_n three_o and_o last_o common_a plea_n however_o therefore_o the_o king_n speak_v fair_a they_o either_o act_v not_o at_o all_o or_o so_o cooly_a as_o the_o current_n of_o the_o custom_n be_v too_o strong_a but_o most_o probable_a it_o be_v that_o the_o king_n speak_v fair_a till_o they_o be_v settle_v in_o their_o throne_n and_o afterward_o please_v themselves_o for_o by_o the_o general_a thread_n of_o story_n it_o may_v appear_v that_o the_o clergy_n in_o those_o time_n be_v more_o fear_v then_o love_v and_o therefore_o riden_v with_o a_o straight_a rein_fw-mi the_o prelacy_n on_o the_o contrary_n grow_v unruly_a yet_o too_o weak_a for_o the_o rugged_a spirit_n of_o the_o norman_a king_n they_o be_v glad_a to_o be_v quiet_a and_o the_o pope_n himself_o to_o drive_v fair_a and_o soft_o as_o judge_v it_o expedient_a potestatem_fw-la regalem_fw-la mitius_fw-la tractandam_fw-la 9_o greg_n epist_n l._n 9_o and_o continue_v that_o course_n and_o posture_n till_o the_o calm_a time_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o 95._o eadmer_n hist_o l._n 4_o p._n 95._o wherein_o they_o mend_v their_o pace_n and_o get_v that_o without_o noise_n which_o they_o have_v long_o strive_v for_o viz._n the_o preeminence_n and_o presidency_n in_o the_o synod_n though_o the_o king_n himself_o be_v present_a and_o if_o the_o historian_n write_v advise_o the_o whole_a ordain_v or_o legislative_a power_n for_o so_o run_v the_o stile_n or_o phrase_n of_o the_o author_n archiepiscopi_fw-la &_o episcopi_fw-la statuerunt_fw-la in_o praesentia_fw-la regis_fw-la as_o if_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o king_n and_o his_o baron_n and_o people_n be_v but_o as_o a_o great_a amen_o at_o the_o common_a prayer_n after_o the_o old_a stamp_n to_o set_v a_o good_a colour_n upon_o a_o doubtful_a matter_n to_o make_v it_o go_v down_o the_o better_a how_o the_o king_n brook_v this_o draught_n i_o can_v say_v but_o it_o have_v make_v the_o kingdom_n stagger_v ever_o since_o and_o it_o may_v be_v fear_v will_v hardly_o recover_v its_o perfect_a wit_n so_o long_o as_o the_o brain_n of_o the_o clergy_n and_o the_o laity_n thus_o lie_v divide_v in_o several_a cels._n chap._n xlviii_o of_o the_o several_a subservient_fw-fr jurisdiction_n by_o province_n march_n county_n hundred_o burrough_n lordship_n and_o decennary_n have_v the_o norman_n own_v no_o other_o title_n then_o that_o of_o conquest_n doubtless_o their_o mother_n wit_n must_v needs_o have_v teach_v they_o the_o expediency_n of_o preserve_v the_o particular_a subservient_fw-fr jurisdiction_n of_o the_o kingdom_n entire_a and_o unquash_v if_o they_o regard_v either_o the_o benefit_n of_o their_o conquest_n or_o reward_v of_o their_o partner_n and_o ally_n unless_o it_o shall_v be_v allow_v unto_o conquerous_a to_o be_v more_o honourable_a for_o they_o to_o do_v what_o they_o will_v rather_o than_o what_o be_v meet_v but_o hereof_o there_o be_v no_o cause_n of_o question_n in_o this_o present_a subject_n for_o nothing_o be_v more_o clear_a than_o that_o wales_n enjoy_v in_o the_o conqueror_n time_n and_o for_o age_n after_o he_o its_o ancient_a liberty_n tribute_n except_v nor_o do_v conquest_n ever_o come_v so_o nigh_o to_o their_o border_n as_o to_o trench_v upon_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o march_n for_o as_o it_o have_v be_v a_o piece_n of_o state_n nonsense_n to_o have_v hold_v two_o people_n under_o conquest_n and_o their_o march_n in_o freedom_n or_o to_o preserve_v they_o in_o good_a neighbourhood_n by_o march_n which_o by_o the_o law_n of_o conquest_n be_v make_v one_o so_o be_v it_o no_o less_o vain_a if_o all_o have_v be_v once_o subdue_v by_o conquest_n to_o have_v raise_v up_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o march_v any_o more_o and_o as_o they_o have_v less_o cause_n to_o have_v invade_v the_o bound_n and_o ancient_a limit_n and_o partition_n of_o the_o county_n court_n county_z court_n so_o questionless_a have_v they_o so_o do_v they_o will_v have_v take_v the_o old_a course_n of_o the_o micklemote_a 96._o eadmer_n hist_o l._n 4._o p._n 96._o as_o they_o do_v divide_v the_o diocese_n of_o lincoln_n into_o two_o diocese_n by_o advice_n of_o the_o bishop_n prince_n and_o other_o wise_a and_o holy_a man_n 6._o ll._n hen._n 1._o c._n 6._o and_o turn_v the_o abbey_n of_o ely_n into_o a_o bishop_n see_n but_o it_o be_v their_o wisdom_n to_o preserve_v the_o ancient_a landmark_n and_o no_o less_o both_o wisdom_n and_o care_n to_o continue_v their_o due_a privilege_n and_o interest_n to_o each_o every_o county_n have_v its_o court_n 42._o ll._n gulielm_n cap._n 41._o &_o 42._o and_o every_o court_n its_o wont_a jurisdiction_n no_o complaint_n must_v be_v to_o the_o king_n court_n if_o right_o may_v be_v do_v in_o the_o county_n no_o distress_n must_v be_v take_v but_o by_o warrant_n from_o the_o county_n and_o that_o must_v be_v after_o complaint_n thrice_o make_v the_o county_n court_n must_v be_v call_v as_o our_o ancestor_n have_v appoint_v 64._o ll._n gulielm_n cap._n 64._o such_o as_o will_v not_o come_v as_o they_o ought_v shall_v be_v first_o summon_v and_o in_o case_n of_o default_n destrain_v at_o the_o four_o default_n the_o complainant_n shall_v be_v satisfy_v out_o of_o the_o distress_n so_o take_v and_o the_o king_n also_o for_o his_o fine_a these_o be_v the_o express_a law_n of_o the_o conqueror_n own_o establishment_n 64._o ibid._n c._n 64._o the_o last_o of_o which_o also_o be_v confirm_v by_o another_o express_a law_n save_v that_o he_o will_v allow_v but_o of_o two_o summons_n and_o two_o distress_n before_o execution_n and_o as_o it_o be_v one_o principal_a work_n that_o he_o undertake_v to_o reduce_v the_o law_n into_o course_n which_o have_v be_v intermit_v during_o the_o violent_a time_n of_o his_o father_n and_o brother_n the_o first_o of_o who_o never_o have_v liberty_n for_o reformation_n and_o the_o latter_a never_o have_v will_n so_o among_o other_o law_n he_o settle_v those_o concern_v the_o county_n court_n 7._o ll._n hen._n 1._o c._n 7._o namely_o that_o the_o bishop_n earl_n and_o chief_a man_n shall_v be_v present_a for_o direction_n 2._o that_o it_o shall_v be_v hold_v once_o each_o month_n 3._o that_o the_o church_n matter_n shall_v precede_v and_o then_o the_o crown_n plea_n and_o last_o the_o common_a plea_n beside_o some_o other_o particular_n concern_v plead_v and_o proceed_n in_o the_o handle_n of_o cause_n neither_o be_v these_o cause_n of_o a_o petty_a regard_n only_o but_o of_o great_a concernment_n one_o example_n i_o shall_v remember_v the_o reader_n of_o 197._o epicil_n 197._o and_o not_o recite_v in_o terminis_fw-la but_o refer_v to_o mr_n selden_n own_o pen._n the_o occasion_n be_v this_o odo_n the_o conqueror_n half_a brother_n be_v by_o he_o make_v earl_n of_o kent_n and_o therewith_o have_v the_o gift_n of_o a_o large_a teritory_n in_o kent_n and_o take_v advantage_n of_o the_o king_n displeasure_n at_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n stigand_n stigand_n possess_v himself_o by_o disseisin_n of_o divers_a land_n and_o tenement_n belong_v to_o that_o see_v lanfrank_n the_o succeed_a archbishop_n be_v inform_v hereof_o petition_v to_o the_o king_n that_o justice_n may_v be_v do_v he_o secundum_fw-la legem_fw-la terrae_fw-la and_o the_o king_n send_v forth_o his_o writ_n to_o summon_v a_o county_n court_n the_o debate_n last_v three_o day_n before_o the_o free_a man_n of_o the_o county_n of_o kent_n in_o the_o presence_n of_o many_o chief_a man_n bishop_n and_o lord_n and_o other_o skilful_a in_o the_o law_n and_o the_o judgement_n pass_v for_o the_o archbishop_n lanfrank_n upon_o the_o vote_n of_o the_o free_a man_n this_o county_n court_n be_v hold_v by_o special_a summons_n and_o not_o by_o adjournment_n as_o be_v allowable_a by_o the_o saxon_a law_n upon_o special_a occasion_n and_o this_o suit_n be_v original_o begin_v and_o have_v its_o final_a determination_n in_o the_o county_n court_n and_o not_o bring_v by_o a_o tolt_n out_o of_o the_o hundred_o court_n as_o be_v suppose_v by_o a_o honourable_a reporter_n nor_o by_o the_o ancient_a law_n can_v the_o suit_n commence_v in_o the_o hundred_o because_o the_o land_n and_o tenement_n do_v lie_v in_o several_a hundred_o and_o county_n the_o upshot_n of_o all_o be_v that_o the_o county_n court_v in_o those_o day_n be_v of_o so_o great_a esteem_n that_o two_o of_o the_o great_a peer_n of_o the_o realm_n one_o a_o norman_a the_o other_o a_o italian_a do_v cast_v a_o title_n
in_o fifteen_o manor_n two_o township_n with_o many_o liberty_n upon_o the_o vote_n of_o the_o freeholder_n in_o a_o county_n court_n and_o that_o the_o sentence_n be_v allow_v and_o commend_v by_o the_o king_n and_o submit_v to_o by_o all_o in_o the_o next_o place_n we_o be_v to_o come_v to_o the_o hundred_o court_n court_n hundred_o court_n of_o which_o there_o be_v by_o the_o norman_n allow_v two_o sort_n the_o first_o whereof_o be_v hold_v twice_o a_o year_n this_o be_v former_o call_v the_o tear_v and_o be_v the_o sheriff_n court_n hereof_o little_a notice_n be_v take_v 8._o ll._n hen_n 1_o c_o 8._o save_v that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o its_o work_n seem_v to_o be_v much_o design_v to_o the_o view_n of_o free_a pledge_n but_o the_o more_o ordinary_a court_n be_v that_o which_o belong_v to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o hundred_o unto_o who_o also_o belong_v the_o fine_n in_o case_n there_o concern_v this_o court_n be_v to_o be_v hold_v once_o in_o each_o month_n 42._o ll._n gulielm_n cap._n 41._o ll._n hen._n 1_o c._n 7._o ll._n gulielm_n cap._n 41._o ll._n gulielm_n cap._n 42._o and_o no_o suit_n to_o be_v begin_v in_o the_o king_n court_n that_o regular_o aught_o to_o begin_v in_o the_o hund_n ed._n no_o distringas_fw-la shall_v issue_v forth_o till_o three_o demand_n make_v in_o the_o hundred_o and_o three_o distress_n shall_v then_o issue_v forth_o and_o if_o upon_o the_o four_o the_o party_n appear_v not_o execution_n shall_v be_v by_o sale_n of_o the_o distress_n and_o the_o complainant_n shall_v receive_v satisfaction_n but_o by_o the_o latter_a law_n of_o the_o same_o king_n there_o be_v but_o two_o summons_n allow_v and_o then_o two_o distress_n 64._o ll._n hen_n 1._o c._n 64._o and_o in_o case_n no_o appearance_n be_v execution_n shall_v be_v for_o the_o complainant_n and_o for_o the_o king_n fine_a 7._o ll._n hen._n 1._o c._n 7._o last_o as_o the_o case_n concern_v either_o person_n or_o place_n sometime_o they_o use_v to_o join_v several_a hundred_o together_o into_o one_o court_n but_o this_o be_v by_o special_a commission_n or_o writ_n as_o touch_v inferior_a court_n of_o tow_n and_o manor_n there_o be_v little_a observation_n to_o be_v have_v 7._o court_n of_o town_n and_o manor_n ll._n hen._n 1._o c._n 7._o be_v of_o too_o private_a a_o regard_n to_o come_v into_o fame_n in_o those_o rough_a time_n yet_o in_o henry_n the_o fir_v law_n be_v order_v that_o town_n court_n shall_v meet_v every_o month_n and_o that_o lord_n shall_v hold_v plea_n either_o in_o their_o own_o person_n or_o by_o their_o steward_n and_o that_o the_o chief_a man_n in_o that_o parish_n with_o four_o other_o of_o the_o chief_a sort_n and_o the_o minister_n or_o parish_n priest_n shall_v join_v their_o assistance_n in_o that_o work_n but_o in_o nothing_o more_o do_v the_o norman_a king_n show_v their_o paternal_a love_n to_o the_o commonweal_n decenner_n decenner_n then_o in_o the_o law_n of_o pledge_n or_o decenner_n for_o as_o of_o all_o other_o beauty_n it_o suffer_v most_o blemish_n from_o the_o storm_n of_o the_o norman_a invasion_n so_o be_v it_o their_o especial_a care_n to_o renew_v the_o life_n thereof_o not_o now_o among_o the_o native_n only_o but_o join_v the_o norman_n to_o the_o saxon_n in_o the_o same_o bond_n of_o brotherhood_n utter_o drown_v thereby_o all_o memory_n of_o lordly_a power_n and_o so_o of_o divers_a people_n make_v one_o conquer_v even_o conquest_n itself_o if_o any_o be_v and_o make_v all_o joynt-partner_n in_o one_o common_a liberty_n 8._o ll._n gulielm_n cap._n 64._o ll._n hen._n 1._o c._n 8._o every_o free_a man_n must_v be_v under_o pledge_n to_o satisfy_v justice_n in_o case_n of_o delinquency_n over_o every_o nine_o person_n under_o pledge_n there_o must_v be_v one_o man_n in_o authority_n view_v of_o free_a pledge_n must_v be_v to_o see_v that_o the_o decennary_n be_v full_a and_o if_o any_o be_v depart_v to_o inquire_v the_o cause_n and_o if_o any_o be_v come_v in_o whether_o he_o be_v under_o pledge_n or_o not_o and_o thus_o the_o norman_a king_n have_v their_o people_n under_o treble_a guard_n one_o of_o fealty_n the_o other_o of_o association_n and_o the_o three_o that_o of_o pledge_n and_o all_o little_a enough_o to_o secure_v that_o which_o they_o in_o their_o own_o conscience_n may_v have_v some_o cause_n to_o question_n whether_o it_o belong_v to_o they_o or_o not_o chap._n xlix_o of_o the_o immunity_n of_o the_o saxon_a free_a man_n under_o the_o norman_a government_n the_o freedom_n of_o a_o english_a man_n consist_v in_o three_o particular_n first_o in_o ownership_n of_o what_o he_o have_v second_o in_o vote_v any_o law_n whereby_o that_o ownership_n be_v to_o be_v maintain_v and_o three_o in_o have_v a_o influence_n upon_o that_o judicatory_a power_n that_o must_v apply_v that_o law_n now_o that_o the_o english_a under_o the_o norman_n enjoy_v all_o this_o freedom_n unto_o each_o man_n own_o particular_a beside_o what_o they_o have_v in_o body_n aggregate_v may_v appear_v as_o follow_v the_o free_a man_n of_o england_n be_v such_o as_o either_o join_v in_o the_o war_n with_o harold_n against_o the_o norman_n or_o such_o as_o absent_v themselves_o from_o the_o way_n of_o opposition_n or_o enmity_n and_o be_v either_o wait_v upon_o their_o own_o affair_n or_o side_v with_o the_o norman_n and_o questionless_a all_o the_o sadness_n of_o the_o war_n befall_v the_o first_o sort_n of_o the_o english_a who_o person_n and_o estate_n to_o make_v the_o way_n of_o the_o first_o norman_n william_n regular_a and_o of_o one_o piece_n never_o fall_v so_o low_a as_o to_o come_v under_o the_o law_n or_o rather_o the_o will_n of_o conquest_n but_o in_o their_o worst_a condition_n be_v in_o truth_n within_o the_o directory_n of_o the_o law_n of_o forfeiture_n for_o treason_n against_o their_o sovereign_a lord_n who_o claim_n be_v by_o title_n as_o have_v be_v already_o note_v the_o other_o sort_n either_o do_v appear_v to_o be_v the_o norman_n friend_n or_o for_o aught_o appear_v so_o be_v and_o so_o never_o offend_v the_o law_n never_o suffer_v any_o penalty_n but_o hold_v their_o person_n and_o possession_n still_o under_o the_o patronage_n of_o law_n as_o ancient_o they_o and_o their_o ancestor_n have_v do_v and_o that_o this_o be_v the_o norman_n meaning_n they_o publish_v the_o same_o to_o the_o world_n in_o a_o fundamental_a law_n whereby_o be_v grant_v 55._o ll._n gulielm_n cap._n 55._o that_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n shall_v have_v and_o hold_v their_o land_n and_o possession_n in_o hereditary_a right_n for_o ever_o and_o by_o this_o be_v secure_v against_o forfeiture_n they_o be_v further_o save_v from_o all_o wrong_n by_o the_o same_o law_n which_o provide_v that_o they_o shall_v hold_v they_o well_o or_o quiet_o and_o in_o peace_n free_a from_o all_o unjust_a tax_n and_o from_o all_o tallage_n so_o as_o nothing_o shall_v be_v exact_v nor_o take_v but_o their_o free_a service_n which_o by_o right_n they_o be_v bind_v to_o perform_v this_o be_v expound_v in_o the_o law_n of_o h._n 1._o cap._n 4._o that_o no_o tribute_n or_o tax_n shall_v be_v take_v but_o what_o be_v due_a in_o the_o confessor_n time_n under_o the_o word_n tax_n be_v understand_v monetagium_fw-la commune_v per_fw-la civitates_fw-la or_o comitatus_fw-la so_o as_o aide_n and_o escuage_n be_v not_o include_v for_o they_o be_v not_o charge_v upon_o county_n and_o city_n but_o upon_o tenor_n in_o knight-service_n nor_o be_v dane_n grelt_v hereby_o take_v away_o for_o that_o be_v a_o tax_n in_o the_o confessor_n time_n and_o grant_v by_o parliament_n so_o then_o the_o norman_a king_n claim_v no_o other_o right_n in_o the_o land_n and_o possesson_n of_o any_o of_o their_o subject_n then_o under_o and_o by_o the_o law_n or_o common_a right_n and_o they_o conclude_v the_o law_n with_o a_o sicut_fw-la which_o i_o thus_o english_a as_o it_o be_v enact_v to_o they_o or_o agree_v by_o they_o and_o unto_o they_o by_o we_o give_v and_o grant_v by_o the_o common-council_n of_o our_o whole_a kingdom_n nostri_fw-la statutum_n est_fw-fr eye_n &_o illis_fw-la à _fw-la nobis_fw-la datum_fw-la &_o concessum_fw-la per_fw-la common_a concilium_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la i_o leave_v the_o word_n to_o be_v criticize_v upon_o as_o the_o reader_n shall_v please_v be_v well_o assure_v that_o the_o most_o strain_a sense_n can_v reach_v no_o further_o then_o to_o make_v it_o sound_v as_o a_o estoppell_n or_o conclusion_n to_o the_o king_n and_o his_o successor_n to_o make_v any_o further_a claim_n unto_o the_o estate_n of_o his_o subject_n then_o by_o law_n or_o right_n be_v warrantable_a under_o which_o notion_n conquest_n never_o do_v nor_o can_v come_v as_o shall_v more_o full_o be_v manifest_v hereafter_o but_o
of_o their_o estate_n as_o well_o real_a as_o personal_a especial_o in_o the_o particular_n ensue_v the_o most_o ancient_a of_o all_o the_o rest_n be_v the_o first-fruit_n first-fruit_n first-fruit_n which_o be_v by_o way_n of_o eminency_n call_v cyrick-sceate_a or_o in_o more_o plain_a english_a church-fee_n which_o be_v always_o payable_a upon_o st_n martin_n day_n unto_o the_o bishop_n out_o of_o that_o house_n where_o the_o party_n do_v inhabit_v upon_o the_o day_n or_o feast_n of_o the_o nativity_n 545._o council_n brit._n p._n 185._o an._n 693._o council_n brit._n p._n 545._o it_o be_v first_o grant_v by_o parliament_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n ina_n and_o in_o case_n of_o neglect_n of_o payment_n or_o denial_n it_o be_v penal_a eleven-fold_n to_o the_o bishop_n beside_o a_o fine_a to_o the_o king_n as_o be_v afterward_o order_v by_o canutus_n 787._o tithe_n council_n brit._n p._n 298._o an._n 787._o after_o the_o first_o fruit_n come_v to_o consideration_n the_o revenue_n of_o tithe_n whereof_o i_o find_v no_o public_a act_n of_o state_n to_o warrant_v till_o the_o legatine_n council_n under_o offa_n although_o the_o canon_n be_v more_o ancient_a the_o bishop_n at_o the_o first_o be_v the_o general_a receiver_n as_o well_o of_o these_o as_o of_o the_o former_a and_o by_o he_o they_o be_v divide_v into_o three_o part_n and_o employ_v one_o to_o the_o poor_a another_o for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o church_n 259._o council_n brit._n 259._o and_o a_o three_o part_n for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o presbyter_n but_o in_o future_a time_n many_o act_n of_o state_n succeed_v concern_v this_o ingulsus_n ingulsus_n among_o which_o that_o grant_n of_o athelwolfe_n must_v be_v a_o little_a pause_v upon_o some_o writer_n say_v that_o he_o give_v the_o ten_o mansion_n 2._o gest_n pontiff_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 2._o and_o the_o ten_o of_o all_o his_o good_n but_o malmsbury_n say_v the_o ten_o of_o the_o hide_v of_o land_n but_o in_o the_o donation_n itself_o as_o it_o be_v by_o he_o recite_v it_o be_v the_o ten_o mansion_n but_o math._n westm_n understand_v that_o he_o give_v the_o ten_o part_n of_o his_o kingdom_n 854._o an._n 854._o but_o in_o the_o donation_n by_o he_o publish_v it_o be_v decimam_fw-la partem_fw-la terrae_fw-la meae_fw-la in_o my_o opinion_n all_o this_o be_v by_o tradition_n little_o can_v be_v ground_v thereupon_o the_o form_n of_o the_o donation_n itself_o be_v uncertain_a and_o varion_n the_o inference_n or_o relation_n more_o uncertain_a and_o unadvised_a for_o if_o the_o king_n have_v grant_v that_o which_o be_v not_o his_o own_o it_o can_v neither_o be_v account_v pious_a or_o rational_a nor_o do_v we_o find_v in_o the_o donation_n that_o the_o king_n in_o precise_a word_n give_v the_o land_n or_o the_o ten_o part_n of_o the_o land_n of_o his_o kingdom_n but_o the_o ten_o of_o his_o land_n in_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o exemplification_n publish_v by_o math._n westm_n countenance_v the_o same_o albeit_o the_o historian_n observe_v it_o not_o but_o suppose_v that_o the_o kingdom_n join_v with_o the_o king_n in_o the_o concession_n and_o that_o it_o be_v the_o course_n to_o pass_v it_o only_o in_o the_o king_n name_n yet_o can_v not_o the_o ten_o hide_n ten_o mansion_n or_o ten_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v grant_v without_o confusion_n in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o people_n for_o either_o some_o particular_a person_n must_v part_v with_o all_o their_o possession_n or_o else_o out_o of_o every_o man_n possession_n must_v have_v issue_v a_o proportionable_a supply_n or_o last_o a_o ten_o part_n of_o every_o man_n possession_n or_o house_n and_o land_n must_v be_v set_v forth_o from_o the_o rest_n or_o some_o must_v lose_v all_o and_o become_v beggar_n to_o save_v other_o all_o which_o be_v to_o i_o equal_o improbable_a nevertheless_o i_o do_v not_o take_v the_o thing_n to_o be_v whole_o fabulous_a but_o may_v rather_o suppose_v that_o either_o a_o ten_o be_v give_v out_o of_o the_o king_n own_o demesne_n which_o be_v most_o probable_a or_o else_o the_o ten_o of_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o land_n throughout_o the_o kingdom_n and_o that_o it_o be_v by_o public_a act_n of_o state_n and_o that_o clause_n forget_v by_o historian_n 1009._o council_n brit._n p._n 392._o an._n 905._o ibid._n 527._o an._n 1009._o and_o thus_o may_v a_o good_a precedent_n be_v lead_v to_o alfred_n athelstan_n and_o other_o king_n who_o settle_a law_n under_o payment_n of_o penalty_n and_o appoint_v the_o time_n of_o payment_n viz._n the_o small_a tithe_n at_o whitsuntide_n and_o the_o great_a tithe_n at_o alhollantide_n another_o tribute_n be_v that_o of_o luminary_n 1032._o luminary_n council_n brit._n p._n 377._o ibid._n 545._o an._n 1032._o which_o by_o alfred_n and_o gunthrun_n be_v first_o settle_v by_o law_n although_o it_o have_v be_v before_o claim_v by_o canon_n it_o be_v payable_a thrice_o a_o year_n viz._n hollantide_n candlemas_n and_o easter_n at_o each_o time_n a_o half_a penny_n upon_o every_o hide_n of_o land_n and_o this_o be_v under_o a_o penalty_n also_o 905._o ploughalme_n an._n 905._o another_o income_n arise_v from_o the_o plough_n and_o under_o the_o name_n of_o plough-alme_n at_o the_o first_o it_o be_v grant_v by_o edward_n the_o elder_a general_o and_o the_o value_n be_v a_o penny_n upon_o every_o plough_n and_o in_o after_o time_n it_o be_v ordain_v to_o be_v pay_v fifteen_o day_n after_o easter_n 1009._o an._n 1009._o 1009._o souleshot_v council_n brit._n d._n 571._o an._n 1009._o next_o come_v a_o fee_n at_o the_o death_n of_o the_o party_n which_o be_v common_o call_v soul-shot_a and_o pay_v before_o the_o dead_a body_n be_v bury_v unto_o that_o church_n where_o the_o dead_a party_n dwell_v be_v so_o as_o they_o never_o leave_v pay_v and_o ask_v so_o long_o as_o the_o body_n be_v above_o ground_n and_o its_o probable_a turn_v into_o that_o fee_n which_o be_v afterward_o call_v a_o mortuary_n the_o incumbent_a also_o of_o every_o church_n have_v glebe_n lay_v to_o the_o church_n 750._o glebe_n council_n brit._n 260._o an._n 750._o beside_o oblation_n and_o other_o casual_a profit_n as_o well_o arise_v from_o house_n border_v upon_o the_o church_n as_o otherwise_o all_o these_o four_o last_o be_v payable_a to_o the_o priest_n of_o that_o particular_a congregation_n and_o have_v not_o their_o beginning_n till_o parish_n come_v to_o be_v settle_v peterpence_n peterpence_n last_o the_o zeal_n of_o the_o charity_n of_o england_n be_v not_o so_o cold_a as_o to_o contain_v itself_o within_o its_o own_o bound_n they_o be_v a_o dependent_a church_n upon_o rome_n and_o their_o old_a mother_n must_v not_o be_v forget_v a_o alm_n be_v grant_v for_o under_o that_o lowly_a title_n it_o pass_v first_o but_o afterward_o call_v romscot_n or_o romesfeogh_n or_o heordpenny_n for_o it_o be_v a_o penny_n upon_o every_o hearth_n or_o chimney_n payable_a at_o the_o feast_n of_o st_n peter_n ad_fw-la vincula_fw-la and_o therefore_o also_o call_v peter-pence_n it_o be_v for_o the_o pope_n use_n and_o be_v settle_v under_o great_a penalty_n upon_o the_o defaulter_n it_o arise_v by_o degree_n and_o parcel_n 725._o council_n brit._n p._n 230._o an._n 725._o for_o first_o ina_n the_o saxon_a king_n grant_v a_o penny_n out_o of_o every_o house_n in_o his_o kingdom_n after_o he_o offa_n grant_v it_o out_o of_o every_o dwell_a house_n that_o have_v ground_n thereto_o occupy_v to_o the_o yearly_a value_n of_o thirty_o penny_n 791._o council_n brit._n p._n 311._o an._n 791._o except_v the_o land_n which_o he_o have_v purpose_v for_o the_o monastery_n at_o st_n alban_n this_o offa_n have_v a_o much_o large_a dominion_n than_o ina_n and_o be_v king_n over_o three_o and_o twenty_o shire_n after_o who_o aethelwolfe_n pass_v a_o new_a grant_n thereof_o out_o of_o his_o whole_a kingdom_n 847._o ibid._n 343._o an._n 847._o which_o be_v well_o nigh_o all_o that_o part_n which_o be_v call_v saxony_n with_o this_o proviso_n nevertheless_o that_o where_o a_o man_n have_v divers_a dwell_v house_n he_o be_v to_o pay_v only_o for_o that_o house_n wherein_o he_o dwell_v at_o the_o time_n of_o payment_n 621._o ibid._n 621._o afterward_o edward_n the_o confessor_n confirm_v that_o donation_n out_o of_o such_o tenement_n as_o have_v thirty_o penny_n vivae_fw-la pecuniae_fw-la if_o then_o it_o be_v grant_v that_o the_o saxon_a subject_n have_v any_o property_n in_o their_o land_n or_o tenement_n as_o no_o man_n ever_o question_v then_o can_v not_o this_o charge_n be_v impose_v without_o the_o public_a consent_n of_o the_o people_n and_o then_o the_o assertion_n of_o polidore_n and_o the_o monk_n who_o tell_v we_o that_o ina_n and_o offa_n have_v make_v the_o whole_a kingdom_n tributary_n to_o rome_n must_v needs_o be_v a_o mistake_n both_o in_o the_o person_n and_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o gift_n see_v
there_o be_v a_o much_o more_o difference_n between_o a_o alm_n and_o a_o tribute_n then_o between_o the_o king_n and_o the_o people_n now_o that_o it_o be_v a_o alm_n and_o not_o a_o tribute_n may_v appear_v for_o that_o the_o original_n be_v a_o sudden_a pang_n of_o zeal_n 29._o vit._n offae_n 29._o conceive_v and_o bear_v in_o one_o breath_n while_o the_o king_n be_v at_o rome_n and_o therefore_o not_o impose_v as_o a_o tribute_n second_o it_o be_v ex_fw-la regali_fw-la munificentia_fw-la and_o therefore_o free_a three_o it_o be_v express_o the_o gift_n of_o the_o king_n for_o the_o law_n of_o st_n edward_n which_o provide_v for_o the_o recovery_n of_o the_o arrear_n of_o this_o money_n 621._o council_n brit._n p._n 445_o â—4â—_n council_n brit._n p._n 621._o and_o enjoin_v that_o they_o must_v be_v pay_v to_o the_o king_n and_o not_o to_o rome_n as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o day_n of_o canutus_n and_o edgar_n render_v the_o reason_n thereof_o to_o be_v because_o it_o be_v the_o king_n alm_n second_o that_o it_o be_v a_o alm_n only_o from_o the_o king_n and_o out_o of_o his_o own_o demesne_n may_v seem_v not_o improbable_a because_o it_o be_v ex_fw-la regali_fw-la munificentia_fw-la which_o can_v never_o be_v affirm_v if_o the_o gift_n have_v be_v out_o of_o the_o estate_n of_o other_o second_o it_o be_v grant_v only_o out_o of_o such_o house_n as_o yield_v thirty_o penny_n rend_v call_v vivae_fw-la pecuniae_fw-la because_o in_o those_o time_n rend_v be_v pay_v in_o victual_v so_o as_o it_o may_v seem_v that_o only_a farm_n be_v charge_v herewith_o and_o not_o all_o man_n farm_n neither_o for_o the_o general_a income_n will_v never_o answer_v that_o proportion_n the_o particular_a hereof_o i_o shall_v in_o brief_o set_v forth_o it_o appear_v in_o the_o former_a quotation_n that_o offa_n charge_v this_o leafy_a upon_o the_o inhabitant_n dwell_v in_o nine_o several_a diocese_n viz._n hereford_n which_o contain_v the_o city_n and_o county_n adjacent_a 2._o worcester_z contain_v the_o city_n and_o shire_n of_o it_o and_o gloucester_n 3._o lechfield_n contain_v warwickshire_n cheshire_n staffordshire_n shropshire_n and_o darbishire_n 4._o leicester_n with_o the_o county_n adjacent_a 5._o lincoln_n with_o the_o county_n adjacent_a 6._o dorchester_n whereto_o belong_v northamptonshire_n buckinghamshire_n bedfordshire_n huntingtonshire_n cantabridgeshire_n and_o half_a hartfordshire_n 7._o london_n with_o essex_z middlesex_n and_o the_o other_o half_n of_o hartfordshire_n 8._o helmham_n with_o norfolk_n 9_o domuck_n or_o dunwich_n with_o suffolk_n in_o which_o nine_o diocese_n be_v two_o and_o twenty_o shire_n and_o he_o further_o grant_v it_o out_o of_o spatinghenshire_n now_o nottingham_n who_o church_n belong_v to_o york_n but_o in_o ethelwolfes_n time_n the_o grant_n be_v enlarge_v and_o extend_v into_o fifteen_o diocese_n which_o together_o with_o their_o several_a charge_n out_o of_o the_o english_a martyrology_n i_o shall_v particularize_v 340._o fox_n martyr_n p._n 340._o as_o follow_v  _fw-fr l._n s._n d._n cantuar._n diocese_n 07._o 18._o 0._o london_n 16._o 10._o 0._o roffen_n 05._o 12._o 0._o norwic._n 21._o 10._o 0._o elienum_fw-la 05._o 00._o 0._o lincoln_n 42._o 00._o 0._o cistren_n 08._o 00._o 0._o winton_n 17._o 06._o 8._o exon_n 09._o 05._o 0._o wigorn_n 10._o 05._o 0._o hereford_n 06._o 00._o 0._o bathon_n 12._o 05._o 0._o latisburgh_n 17._o 00._o 0._o coventree_n 10._o 05._o 0._o ebor_n 11._o 10._o 0._o  _fw-fr 200._o 06._o 8._o the_o whole_a sum_n whereof_o not_o exceed_v two_o hundred_o pound_n six_o shilling_n and_o eight_o penny_n will_v not_o amount_v to_o seven_o hundred_o pound_n of_o now_o currant_n money_n if_o the_o weight_n of_o a_o penny_n be_v not_o less_o in_o those_o time_n then_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o when_o it_o be_v the_o twenty_o part_n of_o a_o ounce_n and_o that_o the_o twefth_v part_n of_o a_o pound_n as_o by_o the_o statute_n thereof_o make_v may_v appear_v nor_o can_v the_o difference_n be_v much_o if_o any_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o vicinity_n of_o the_o time_n of_o this_o extract_n to_o that_o of_o the_o statute_n for_o though_o no_o particular_a date_n thereof_o appear_v yet_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v do_v after_o the_o translation_n of_o the_o see_v from_o thetford_n to_o norwich_n which_o be_v do_v in_o william_n rufus_n his_o time_n and_o after_o the_o erect_n of_o the_o bishopric_n of_o ely_n 18._o brit._n antiq._n p._n 18._o which_o be_v in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o now_o albeit_o this_o charge_n be_v in_o future_a time_n diverse_o order_v and_o change_v yet_o upon_o this_o account_n it_o will_v appear_v that_o not_o above_o eight_o and_o forty_o thousand_o and_o eighty_o house_n be_v charge_v in_o this_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o second_o with_o this_o assessment_n which_o be_v a_o very_a small_a proportion_n to_o the_o number_n of_o house_n of_o husbandry_n in_o these_o day_n and_o much_o more_o inferior_a to_o the_o proportion_n of_o house_n in_o these_o time_n if_o polydore_v observation_n be_v true_a that_o in_o the_o conqueror_n time_n there_o be_v sixty_o thousand_o knight_n fee_n and_o as_o other_o fifty_o thousand_o parish_n it_o may_v therefore_o be_v rather_o think_v that_o none_o but_o the_o king_n farmer_n be_v charge_v herewith_o notwithstanding_o the_o positive_a relation_n of_o writer_n who_o in_o this_o case_n as_o in_o most_o other_o wherein_o the_o credit_n of_o rome_n be_v engage_v spare_v not_o to_o believe_v light_o and_o to_o write_v large_o and_o thus_o for_o their_o sevenfold_a church-officer_n we_o have_v also_o as_o many_o kind_n of_o constant_a maintenance_n one_o in_o land_n and_o tenement_n and_o six_o several_a kind_n out_o of_o the_o profit_n and_o the_o personal_a estate_n beside_o the_o emergent_a benefit_n of_o oblation_n and_o other_o former_o mention_v chap._n xii_o of_o the_o several_a precinct_n of_o jurisdiction_n of_o church-governors_n among_o the_o saxon_n the_o church-officer_n thus_o call_v to_o the_o drum_n and_o pay_v be_v send_v to_o their_o several_a charge_n over_o province_n diocese_n deanerye_n and_o parish_n 4._o malm_n gest_n reg._n lib._n 1._o c._n 4._o as_o they_o can_v be_v settle_v by_o time_n and_o occasion_n before_o the_o saxon_n arrival_n london_n have_v the_o metropolitan_a see_v or_o be_v chief_a in_o precedency_n for_o archbishop_n the_o briton_n have_v none_o afterward_o by_o advice_n of_o the_o wise_a man_n canterbury_n obtain_v the_o precedency_n for_o the_o honour_n of_o austin_n who_o be_v there_o bury_v the_o number_n of_o province_n and_o their_o several_a metropolitan_a see_v be_v first_o order_v by_o advice_n of_o pope_n gregory_n 29._o bed_n hist_o lib._n 1._o cap._n 29._o who_o appoint_v two_o archbishop_n in_o saxony_n the_o one_o to_o reside_v at_o canterbury_n the_o other_o at_o york_n and_o that_o each_o of_o they_o shall_v have_v twelve_o bishop_n under_o they_o but_o this_o can_v never_o be_v complete_v till_o austin_n be_v dead_a as_o by_o the_o epistle_n of_o kenulphus_n to_o pope_n leo_n appear_v citat_fw-la malmesb._n loco_fw-la citat_fw-la nor_o then_o have_v the_o pope_n the_o whole_a power_n herein_o entail_v to_o his_o tripple-crowne_n for_o the_o same_o epistle_n witness_v that_o the_o council_n of_o the_o wise_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n rule_v the_o case_n of_o the_o primacy_n of_o canterbury_n 775._o vit._n offae_n malmesb._n council_n brit._n 133._o antiq._n brit._n antiq._n brit._n p_o 54._o m._n westm_n an._n 775._o and_o offa_n the_o king_n afterward_o divide_v the_o province_n of_o canterbury_n into_o two_o province_n which_o former_o be_v but_o one_o the_o precinct_n of_o diocese_n have_v be_v alter_v ordinary_o by_o king_n or_o the_o archbishop_n and_o their_o synod_n as_o the_o life_n of_o those_o first_o archbishop_n set_v forth_o theodore_n have_v divide_v his_o province_n into_o five_o diocese_n and_o within_o a_o hundred_o year_n after_o offa_n we_o find_v it_o increase_v unto_o eleven_o diocese_n diocese_n have_v also_o be_v subdivide_v into_o inferior_a precinct_n call_v denaries_n or_o decanary_n the_o chief_a of_o which_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v a_o presbyter_n of_o the_o high_a note_n call_v decanus_n or_o archpresbyter_n 1._o ll._n edw._n conf_n cap._n 31._o lindwood_n l._n 1._o de_fw-la constit_fw-la c._n 1._o the_o name_n be_v take_v from_o that_o precinct_n of_o the_o lay-power_n call_v decennary_n have_v ten_o presbyter_n under_o his_o visit_n even_o as_o the_o decenner_n under_o their_o chief_n the_o small_a precinct_n be_v that_o of_o the_o parish_n the_o oversight_n whereof_o be_v the_o presbyter_n work_v they_o have_v abbey_n and_o other_o religious_a house_n but_o these_o be_v however_o regular_a among_o themselves_o yet_o irregular_a in_o regard_n of_o church-goverment_n whereof_o i_o treat_v chap._n xiii_o of_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o prelate_n government_n of_o the_o saxon_a church_n have_v
particular_a nature_n of_o each_o may_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o glossaries_n all_o of_o they_o be_v allow_v to_o the_o crown_n by_o the_o law_n and_o by_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o council_n of_o lord_n grant_v over_o to_o these_o grantee_n in_o nature_n of_o deputy_n to_o the_o king_n to_o possess_v both_o the_o power_n and_o profit_n thereto_o belong_v chap._n xxxi_o of_o manor_n nevertheless_o most_o of_o these_o liberty_n if_o not_o all_o of_o they_o be_v many_o time_n grant_v by_o king_n as_o appendent_a to_o manor_n which_o be_v francheses_n of_o small_a circuit_n be_v at_o the_o first_o portion_n of_o ground_n grant_v to_o some_o particular_a person_n and_o by_o they_o subdivide_v and_o grant_v over_o to_o particular_a person_n to_o hold_v of_o the_o grantor_n by_o rent_n service_n and_o suit_n to_o one_o court_n all_o be_v no_o other_o than_o the_o spoil_n of_o war_n and_o reward_n of_o valour_n or_o other_o service_n these_o in_o their_o collective_a nature_n be_v call_v a_o manor_n and_o by_o continuance_n of_o time_n become_v a_o kind_n of_o body_n politic_a in_o antiquity_n it_o be_v call_v mansum_fw-la from_o the_o mansion_n house_n although_o it_o be_v not_o of_o the_o essence_n of_o a_o manor_n 212_o bracton_n foe_fw-mi 212_o nor_o ought_v the_o word_n of_o bracton_n to_o be_v construe_v according_a to_o the_o literal_a sense_n for_o the_o house_n may_v be_v destroy_v and_o yet_o the_o manor_n continue_v and_o the_o ground_n be_v grant_v in_o tenure_n before_o any_o house_n build_v thereupon_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o ground_n thus_o give_v to_o hold_v by_o service_n be_v according_a to_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o lord_n more_o or_o less_o and_o therefore_o may_v extend_v into_o divers_a parish_n as_o on_o the_o other_o part_n one_o town_n may_v comprehend_v divers_a manor_n 15._o flera_fw-la lib._n 4._o cap._n 15._o the_o estate_n that_o be_v grant_v depend_v partly_o on_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o grantee_n for_o some_o be_v servi_fw-la or_o bondman_n and_o their_o estate_n be_v altogether_o at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o lord_n as_o be_v also_o the_o benefit_n but_o the_o servant_n merit_n and_o the_o lord_n benignity_n concur_v with_o some_o conscience_n of_o religion_n as_o the_o light_n grow_v more_o clear_a abate_v the_o rigour_n of_o the_o tenure_n into_o that_o which_o we_o now_o call_v copyhold_n other_o estate_n be_v make_v to_o the_o free_a man_n which_o in_o the_o first_o time_n be_v only_o for_o year_n albeit_o therein_o they_o be_v not_o niggardly_o for_o they_o stick_v not_o at_o lease_n for_o a_o hundred_o year_n croyl_n ingulsus_n croyl_n yet_o with_o a_o render_v of_o rent_n which_o in_o those_o day_n be_v of_o corn_n or_o other_o victual_v and_o thence_o the_o lease_n so_o make_v be_v call_v feorme_n or_o farm_n which_o word_n signify_v victual_n but_o time_n ensue_v turn_v the_o victual_n into_o money_n and_o term_n of_o year_n to_o term_n of_o life_n and_o inheritance_n retain_v the_o rent_n and_o those_o call_v quit_v rent_n or_o the_o rent_n of_o those_o person_n that_o be_v acquit_v or_o free_a 69._o gloss_n 158._o ll._n saxon_n 16_o 17._o lamb._n gloss_n 348._o ll._n canut_n p._n 1._o cap._n 69._o but_o in_o case_n of_o estate_n of_o inheritance_n for_o the_o most_o part_n after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o tenant_n be_v reserve_v heriot_n or_o a_o relief_n which_o be_v not_o leave_v to_o the_o will_n of_o the_o lord_n but_o be_v put_v in_o certainty_n in_o the_o very_a letter_n of_o the_o law_n for_o according_a to_o each_o man_n degree_n such_o be_v his_o relief_n or_o heriot_n but_o over_o and_o above_o all_o they_o reserve_v special_a service_n to_o be_v do_v by_o the_o person_n of_o the_o tenant_n or_o some_o other_o by_o his_o procurement_n of_o which_o those_o that_o be_v their_o servi_fw-la or_o villain_n be_v at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o lord_n other_o have_v their_o particular_a service_n set_v down_o in_o their_o grant_n knight-service_n knight-service_n these_o concern_v either_o war_n or_o peace_n the_o former_a be_v afterward_o call_v the_o service_n of_o the_o knight_n or_o soldier_n the_o late_a the_o service_n of_o the_o husbandman_n or_o plough_n that_o of_o the_o soldier_n be_v the_o more_o honourable_a and_o suitable_a to_o the_o old_a german_a trade_n pigrum_fw-la &_o iners_fw-la videtur_fw-la sudore_fw-la acquirere_fw-la quod_fw-la possis_fw-la sanguine_fw-la parare_fw-la tacitus_n tacitus_n and_o the_o work_n be_v to_o defend_v the_o kingdom_n the_o lord_n person_n and_o honour_n and_o to_o this_o end_n he_o be_v ever_o to_o have_v his_o weapon_n in_o readiness_n which_o give_v name_n to_o the_o service_n and_o alter_v as_o time_n and_o custom_n change_v this_o service_n by_o custom_n from_o a_o work_n degenerate_v into_o the_o bare_a title_n and_o become_v a_o dignity_n and_o the_o man_n name_v or_o rather_o entitle_v milites_fw-la and_o many_o of_o the_o saxon_a charter_n be_v attest_v by_o man_n bear_v that_o title_n yet_o the_o service_n itself_o be_v far_o more_o ancient_a and_o call_v servicium_fw-la loricae_fw-la of_o which_o sort_n also_o be_v the_o custodes_fw-la pagani_fw-la that_o wear_v a_o helmet_n a_o coat_n of_o mail_n and_o a_o guilt_n sword_n not_o unlike_o the_o old_a german_a way_n of_o call_v forth_o of_o their_o tirones_fw-la to_o the_o war_n tacitus_n tacitus_n of_o this_o rank_n some_o be_v more_o eminent_a than_o other_o for_o some_o bear_v the_o single_a title_n of_o knight_n and_o it_o seem_v serve_v on_o foot_n other_o serve_v on_o horseback_n and_o be_v call_v radknight_n or_o knight_n rider_n as_o bracton_n note_v spicil_n selden_n spicil_n and_o these_o i_o take_v to_o be_v the_o vavasour_n note_v in_o the_o conqueror_n law_n for_o that_o their_o relief_n be_v a_o helmet_n a_o coat_n of_o mail_n a_o shield_n a_o spear_n and_o a_o horse_n now_o for_o the_o maintain_n of_o this_o service_n they_o have_v land_n and_o tenement_n call_v knight_n fee_n which_o bind_v the_o owner_n to_o that_o service_n into_o who_o hand_n soever_o they_o come_v to_o be_v do_v either_o by_o the_o person_n of_o the_o owner_n or_o other_o fit_a person_n by_o he_o procure_v and_o therefore_o be_v discharge_v from_o the_o payment_n of_o all_o tax_n and_o tollage_n which_o be_v the_o law_n of_o the_o goth_n of_o old_a bureus_fw-la co._n litlet_n 75._o bureus_fw-la and_o remain_v in_o sweden_n at_o this_o day_n the_o number_n of_o these_o fee_n much_o increase_v so_o as_o in_o the_o conqueror_n time_n they_o be_v above_o sixty_o thousand_o which_o be_v a_o mighty_a body_n for_o a_o small_a island_n and_o bring_v much_o honour_n to_o the_o nation_n but_o the_o profit_n arise_v from_o beneath_o tenure_n soccage_n tenure_n i_o mean_v from_o the_o soccage_n tenure_n or_o service_n of_o the_o plough_n which_o in_o the_o first_o time_n be_v perform_v by_o those_o that_o be_v unfit_a for_o the_o service_n of_o the_o war_n either_o be_v green_a and_o young_a or_o decrepet_n and_o age_a tacitus_n tacitus_n and_o sometime_o by_o the_o woman_n but_o after_o that_o the_o saxon_a conquest_n be_v at_o a_o stop_n and_o that_o no_o more_o be_v to_o be_v get_v by_o blood_n man_n endeavour_v to_o satisfy_v their_o desire_n by_o sweat_n and_o turn_v their_o sword_n into_o ploughshare_n and_o thus_o the_o husbandry_n increase_v exceed_o and_o have_v prove_v the_o best_a pillar_n of_o the_o commonweal_n the_o nature_n of_o this_o tenure_n be_v full_o set_v out_o by_o the_o reporter_n 33._o co._n litlet_n foe_fw-mi 86._o ll._n edw._n c._n 33._o spiceleg_n ll._n edw._n c._n 33._o nor_o can_v i_o add_v thereto_o more_o than_o the_o law_n of_o the_o confessor_n concern_v these_o man_n viz._n that_o no_o man_n may_v trouble_v they_o but_o for_o their_o rent_n nor_o any_o lord_n thrust_v they_o out_o of_o their_o farm_n so_o long_o as_o they_o do_v their_o service_n and_o thus_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o service_n become_v in_o nature_n of_o a_o condition_n subsequent_a beget_v a_o increaser_n of_o the_o estate_n which_o by_o continuance_n wrought_v a_o inheritance_n and_o so_o the_o title_n of_o entry_n be_v turn_v whole_o into_o distress_n for_o service_n not_o perform_v yet_o the_o lord_n be_v no_o loose_a thereby_o so_o long_o as_o heriot_n rent_n and_o service_n accrue_v unto_o he_o chap._n xxxii_o of_o court_n incident_a and_o unite_a unto_o manor_n by_o grant_n make_v by_o lord_n unto_o tenant_n already_o note_v the_o lord_n have_v power_n by_o common_a right_n to_o call_v their_o tenant_n before_o they_o and_o inquire_v concern_v their_o payment_n of_o rent_n and_o performance_n of_o service_n which_o become_v court_n of_o constant_a appointment_n of_o which_o sort_n there_o be_v two_o one_o for_o the_o free_a man_n the_o other_o for_o the_o bond_n man_n and_o this_o bring_v forth_o a_o other_o service_n courtleet_n courtleet_n
lindenbr_n do_fw-mi 36._o three_o summons_n go_v forth_o in_o the_o hundred_o court_n and_o if_o default_n be_v make_v complaint_n thereof_o ensue_v in_o the_o county_n court_n and_o thence_o issue_v forth_o a_o distringas_fw-la and_o if_o the_o defendant_n still_o persist_v in_o decline_v his_o appearance_n the_o distress_n be_v forfeit_v and_o a_o summons_n issue_v upon_o the_o land_n if_o then_o the_o defendant_n will_v not_o appear_v or_o upon_o appearance_n will_v not_o give_v pledge_n to_o abide_v judgement_n his_o whole_a land_n be_v seize_v for_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o king_n the_o lord_n of_o the_o hundred_o and_o complainant_a because_o he_o have_v offend_v against_o all_o three_o but_o if_o the_o party_n appear_v in_o former_a time_n he_o answer_v forthwith_o and_o judgement_n pass_v without_o delay_n as_o have_v be_v say_v unless_o in_o urgent_a case_n where_o the_o matter_n be_v raw_a and_o then_o it_o be_v adjourn_v and_o pledge_n give_v by_o the_o defendant_n to_o the_o full_a value_n 7._o ll._n edgar_n c._n 7._o after_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o athenian_n and_o if_o the_o defendant_n make_v default_n at_o the_o day_n his_o pledge_n be_v forfeit_v but_o in_o after_o time_n for_o better_a and_o more_o advise_v proceed_v the_o defendant_n be_v admit_v to_o his_o essoine_n yet_o with_o a_o proviso_n 1._o miror_fw-la cap._n 5._o sec._n 1._o that_o no_o essoine_n shall_v be_v allow_v for_o above_o fifteen_o day_n and_o this_o be_v the_o direction_n of_o king_n alfred_n in_o the_o answer_n of_o the_o defendant_n he_o either_o traverse_v the_o matter_n in_o fact_n 16._o miror_fw-la cap_n 3._o sec._n 16._o or_o confess_v and_o justify_v or_o confess_v and_o submit_v the_o first_o put_v the_o matter_n to_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o free_a man_n the_o second_o to_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o judge_n the_o three_o to_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o complainant_n whereby_o the_o defendant_n general_o find_v mercy_n and_o in_o case_n of_o trespass_n render_v less_o damage_n i_o find_v no_o footstep_n in_o those_o time_n of_o dilatory_a plea_n or_o demurrer_n or_o other_o delay_n unless_o in_o case_n of_o infancy_n for_o the_o saxon_n know_v no_o other_o age_n of_o ability_n to_o do_v or_o suffer_v 1._o lindenbr_n gloss_n miror_fw-la cap._n 5._o sec._n 1._o but_o the_o age_n above_o one_o and_o twenty_o year_n and_o in_o alfred_n time_n a_o judge_n suffer_v death_n for_o pass_a sentence_n of_o death_n upon_o one_o under_o that_o age_n albeit_o the_o canonist_n have_v in_o those_o day_n bring_v into_o custom_n other_o age_n of_o ability_n in_o matter_n concern_v marriage_n although_o it_o may_v well_o be_v think_v that_o it_o require_v no_o less_o maturity_n to_o manage_v the_o affair_n of_o a_o marry_a life_n then_o to_o discern_v the_o nature_n and_o difference_n of_o manner_n especial_o in_o case_n of_o crime_n which_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o very_a light_n of_o nature_n chap._n xxxvii_o of_o the_o several_a manner_n of_o extraordinary_a trial_n by_o torture_n ordeale_o compurgator_n and_o battle_n evidence_n of_o the_o matter_n in_o fact_n upon_o trial_n of_o cause_n in_o the_o saxon_a judicatory_a sometime_o consist_v in_o the_o pregnant_a testimony_n of_o the_o fact_n itself_o torture_n torture_n and_o sometime_o in_o the_o testimony_n of_o some_o circumstance_n the_o first_o be_v a_o unquestionable_a ground_n of_o conviction_n the_o second_o be_v too_o weak_a to_o command_v the_o verdict_n although_o sometime_o it_o persuade_v it_o and_o therefore_o those_o incompassionate_a time_n find_v out_o a_o trick_n of_o extort_a confession_n by_o torture_n of_o the_o party_n follow_v the_o principle_n of_o passion_n therein_o rather_o than_o sober_a judgement_n for_o circumstance_n be_v sufficient_a to_o irritate_fw-la the_o heart_n of_o those_o that_o be_v passionate_a and_o where_o jealousy_n be_v once_o enter_v there_o be_v no_o place_n for_o spare_v be_v the_o matter_n never_o so_o untrue_a yet_o i_o do_v not_o find_v any_o law_n among_o the_o saxon_n to_o patronise_v this_o fashion_n of_o conviction_n albeit_o it_o seem_v it_o be_v practise_v for_o alfred_n the_o king_n punish_v one_o of_o his_o judge_n with_o death_n for_o pass_a sentence_n upon_o a_o extort_a confession_n by_o torture_n before_o the_o coroner_n cragius_fw-la miror_fw-la cap._n 5_o sec._n 1._o cragius_fw-la and_o possible_o it_o may_v be_v gain_v from_o the_o lacedaemonian_n although_o little_a to_o the_o praise_n of_o their_o greekish_a wisdom_n in_o that_o particular_a see_v that_o in_o all_o reason_n it_o must_v be_v suppose_v that_o fear_n and_o grief_n will_v enforce_v flattery_n upon_o the_o tormentor_n as_o well_o as_o self_n love_n draw_v forth_o flattery_n to_o the_o benefactor_n a_o second_o sort_n of_o evidence_n be_v that_o of_o ordeale_n ordeale_n ordeale_n be_v also_o ground_v upon_o a_o preconceit_n or_o suspicion_n the_o manner_n hereof_o be_v divers_a the_o thing_n seem_v to_o be_v the_o birth_n of_o the_o brain_n of_o some_o churchman_n who_o have_v read_v of_o the_o accurse_a water_n the_o first_o mention_n that_o i_o find_v thereof_o be_v at_o the_o council_n of_o mentz_n 895._o an._n 813._o an._n 895._o and_o afterward_o in_o the_o council_n of_o trier_n but_o not_o a_o footstep_n thereof_o in_o this_o kingdom_n till_o by_o aethelstan_n it_o be_v advance_v into_o the_o degree_n of_o a_o law_n 928._o ll._n aethelst_n can._n 23._o an._n 928._o after_o which_o time_n it_o continue_v in_o use_n well_o nigh_o three_o hundred_o year_n a_o strange_a monument_n of_o god_n indulgency_n to_o a_o ignorant_a age_n thus_o turn_v extraordinary_a to_o ordinary_a for_o the_o clear_n of_o innocency_n and_o which_o be_v no_o less_o wonderful_a allow_v in_o those_o time_n unto_o man_n under_o nature_n such_o a_o power_n over_o themselves_o as_o to_o adventure_v against_o nature_n doubtless_o that_o man_n or_o woman_n be_v of_o a_o dare_a spirit_n that_o first_o try_v the_o trick_n if_o he_o have_v not_o a_o miraculous_a faith_n in_o that_o promise_n cum_fw-la ambulaveris_fw-la per_fw-la ignem_fw-la 43.2_o isa_n 43.2_o etc._n etc._n and_o it_o show_v mettle_n in_o they_o that_o follow_v the_o example_n but_o the_o next_o age_n grow_v dull_a and_o man_n be_v weary_a of_o such_o bane_n touch_v the_o clergy_n that_o cry_v it_o up_o their_o successor_n cry_v it_o down_o and_o so_o devour_v their_o own_o birth_n without_o any_o difficulty_n other_o than_o a_o bare_a injunction_n of_o a_o king_n that_o have_v power_n to_o command_v only_o such_o as_o will_v obey_v selden_n spicil_n selden_n but_o where_o fame_n be_v yet_o more_o slight_a compurgator_n compurgator_n and_o spring_v rather_o from_o want_n of_o charity_n and_o misapprehension_n then_o promise_v circumstance_n man_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v content_v with_o a_o voier_n dire_a or_o the_o oath_n of_o the_o party_n suspect_v and_o the_o concurrant_fw-la testimony_n of_o other_o man_n the_o first_o attest_v his_o own_o innocency_n the_o other_o contest_v their_o conscience_n of_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o former_a testimony_n and_o therefore_o be_v and_o still_o be_v call_v compurgator_n their_o number_n be_v more_o or_o less_o and_o of_o great_a or_o less_o value_n according_a as_o the_o offence_n or_o the_o party_n suspect_v be_v of_o great_a or_o less_o concernment_n 16._o ll._n edm._n c._n 16._o this_o manner_n of_o trial_n be_v of_o ancient_a use_n and_o both_o it_o and_o that_o of_o ordeale_n under_o the_o directory_n of_o the_o clergy_n yet_o this_o be_v the_o ancient_a by_o three_o hundred_o year_n and_o first_o bring_v into_o this_o nation_n by_o the_o council_n at_o berghamsted_n under_o bertwald_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n 647._o an._n 647._o and_o it_o be_v perform_v sometime_o more_o solemn_o by_o solemn_a receive_n of_o the_o eucharist_n 5._o ll._n canut_n cap._n 5._o especial_o if_o the_o party_n suspect_v be_v of_o the_o sacred_a function_n battle_n battle_n one_o manner_n of_o trial_n yet_o remain_v which_o be_v use_v both_o in_o trial_n of_o matter_n of_o crime_n and_o title_n and_o it_o be_v the_o trial_n by_o battle_n which_o be_v in_o criminal_a matter_n with_o sharp_a weapon_n but_o in_o titulary_a matter_n with_o blunt_a weapon_n no_o defendant_n can_v refuse_v battle_n offer_v but_o such_o as_o be_v too_o excellent_a as_o the_o king_n or_o too_o sacred_a as_o the_o clergy_n or_o too_o weak_a as_o woman_n maim_a person_n and_o child_n or_o too_o inscient_a as_o idiot_n and_o lunatic_n or_o too_o mean_v as_o villain_n and_o as_o these_o be_v not_o necessitate_v to_o answer_v in_o battle_n so_o be_v no_o free_a man_n compel_v to_o answer_v they_o by_o battle_n 13._o miror_fw-la cap._n 2._o sec._n 13._o this_o way_n be_v a_o old_a way_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o conclusion_n of_o appeal_n and_o seem_v more_o satisfactory_a than_o that_o of_o ordeale_n because_o this_o rest_v upon_o the_o conscience_n both_o of_o
the_o work_n in_o hand_n to_o disclaim_v that_o custom_n which_o must_v needs_o be_v of_o infinite_a consequence_n in_o the_o effect_n of_o what_o be_v principal_o seek_v after_o viz._n the_o union_n of_o the_o two_o people_n norman_n and_o saxon_n into_o one_o i_o say_v it_o be_v principal_o seek_v after_o by_o the_o norman_a conqueror_n if_o not_o lead_v thereto_o by_o his_o own_o genius_n yet_o necessitate_v thereto_o by_o force_n of_o reason_n of_o state_n as_o shall_v appear_v hereafter_o and_o what_o can_v be_v imagine_v a_o more_o ready_a way_n to_o stay_v the_o effusion_n of_o blood_n and_o all_o other_o unhappy_a event_n of_o enmity_n then_o by_o take_v away_o enmity_n itself_o or_o a_o more_o speedy_a and_o certain_a course_n for_o union_n then_o to_o reduce_v the_o man_n and_o woman_n of_o each_o people_n to_o mutual_a society_n and_o to_o seal_v up_o all_o by_o a_o last_a bond_n of_o marriage_n or_o great_a encouragement_n for_o the_o comfortable_a proceed_n therein_o than_o the_o settle_n of_o the_o constant_a maintenance_n of_o the_o wife_n in_o case_n of_o survivorship_n by_o the_o law_n of_o dower_n of_o the_o land_n and_o tenement_n of_o the_o husband_n edm._n lindenbrog_n council_n aenham_n c._n 19_o ll._n edm._n which_o be_v so_o full_a of_o contingency_n and_o uncertainty_n in_o the_o portion_n of_o good_n that_o be_v by_o the_o saxon_a law_n appoint_v to_o the_o wife_n in_o such_o case_n nor_o be_v this_o all_o for_o by_o marriage_n thus_o make_v to_o the_o norman_n they_o have_v a_o great_a hold_n not_o so_o much_o over_o the_o english_a as_o in_o the_o english_a and_o that_o not_o only_o during_o coverture_n but_o by_o reason_n of_o this_o title_n of_o dower_n the_o woman_n become_v tenant_n and_o under_o the_o lord_n wing_n so_o as_o they_o dare_v not_o willing_o and_o illegal_o offend_v their_o lord_n in_o their_o widowhood_n nor_o by_o law_n nor_o reason_n match_v themselves_o and_o their_o dowry_n to_o any_o other_o that_o be_v not_o first_o allow_v by_o the_o lord_n to_o be_v in_o friendship_n with_o he_o and_o thus_o become_v the_o tenant_n widow_n to_o be_v at_o the_o like_n of_o the_o lord_n for_o their_o marriage_n and_o the_o like_a hereto_o may_v be_v say_v concern_v the_o husband_n in_o case_n of_o tenant_n by_o the_o courtesy_n 20._o miror_fw-la foe_n 20._o and_o however_o by_o the_o norman_a former_a practice_n it_o be_v much_o disturb_v yet_o by_o henry_n the_o first_o it_o be_v again_o reduce_v to_o its_o former_a right_n rather_o than_o original_a arise_v from_o his_o grant_n as_o some_o hold_n and_o prove_v advantageous_a for_o the_o end_n aforesaid_a now_o as_o touch_v their_o marriage_n portion_n of_o good_n because_o the_o saxon_a law_n have_v already_o endow_v they_o thereof_o they_o can_v not_o be_v induce_v to_o lay_v down_o their_o know_a ancient_a right_n till_o they_o find_v the_o new_a law_n of_o dower_n to_o settle_v and_o so_o for_o some_o time_n both_o law_n be_v in_o force_n until_o the_o more_o ancient_a saxon_a law_n have_v a_o honourable_a burial_n nevertheless_o for_o the_o present_a the_o law_n abridge_v that_o right_a so_o far_o as_o to_o limit_v it_o to_o the_o widow_n during_o widowhood_n according_a to_o the_o former_a saxon_a law_n upon_o consideration_n of_o all_o which_o it_o may_v well_o be_v conceive_v that_o the_o power_n of_o the_o lord_n in_o consent_v or_o dissent_v to_o the_o marriage_n of_o their_o tenant_n widow_n and_o ward_n be_v not_o so_o much_o a_o usurpation_n upon_o the_o common_a right_n of_o the_o english_a subject_n as_o a_o custom_n rational_o and_o with_o great_a wisdom_n as_o the_o course_n of_o affair_n than_o stand_v uphold_v and_o allow_v among_o they_o principal_o for_o the_o speedy_a settle_n of_o a_o peaceable_a government_n and_o consolidate_v of_o two_o nation_n into_o one_o and_o wherein_o england_n be_v then_o so_o happy_a as_o to_o come_v to_o a_o conclusion_n in_o seven_o year_n which_o cost_v their_o ancestor_n nigh_o two_o hundred_o year_n experience_n with_o the_o briton_n beside_o a_o world_n of_o bloodshed_n that_o may_v have_v be_v spare_v ere_o they_o can_v find_v out_o the_o right_a way_n to_o a_o desire_a peace_n by_o mutual_a marriage_n have_v between_o they_o wardship_n cap._n 4._o 4._o wardship_n such_o widow_n shall_v have_v the_o custody_n of_o the_o land_n of_o such_o child_n or_o otherwise_o such_o other_o person_n as_o by_o right_a aught_o to_o have_v the_o same_o this_o be_v the_o first_o news_n of_o wardship_n that_o pass_v abroad_o cum_fw-la privilegio_fw-la of_o a_o receive_a law_n which_o together_o with_o the_o former_a declare_v the_o right_a custom_n of_o the_o norman_n paris_n m._n paris_n and_o thereby_o the_o injustas_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la quibus_fw-la angliae_fw-la regnum_fw-la opprimebatur_fw-la viz._n arbitrary_a relief_n take_v of_o the_o tenant_n estate_n arbitrary_a marriage_n make_v of_o their_o person_n and_o arbitrary_a grant_n of_o guardianship_n of_o their_o land_n for_o as_o yet_o oppression_n be_v not_o so_o high_a fly_v as_o to_o cast_v the_o government_n of_o the_o person_n of_o their_o ward_n out_o of_o the_o view_n of_o the_o lord_n provisionary_a care_n upon_o adventure_n of_o the_o next_o in-law_n whether_o man_n or_o woman_n wise_a or_o unwife_n under_o pretence_n to_o train_v he_o up_o in_o military_a service_n fit_a for_o the_o lord_n own_o safety_n and_o the_o kingdom_n lifeguard_n but_o it_o be_v the_o proper_a ground_n of_o the_o lord_n own_o seizure_n and_o right_n of_o wardship_n he_o be_v look_v upon_o by_o the_o eye_n of_o common_a reason_n as_o the_o only_a meet_a man_n that_o both_o can_v and_o will_v effect_v that_o work_n so_o as_o may_v be_v most_o advantageous_a to_o the_o public_a which_o seem_v to_o be_v chief_o concern_v herein_o and_o upon_o the_o same_o general_a ground_n the_o survey_n of_o fool_n accompany_v the_o former_a albeit_o it_o be_v not_o in_o practice_n till_o henry_n the_o first_o bring_v it_o in_o as_o the_o mirror_n of_o justice_n say_v foe_n 258._o 37._o ll._n canut_n 37._o yet_o it_o come_v upon_o a_o ancient_a foundation_n lay_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o dane_n for_o my_o own_o part_n i_o will_v not_o dispute_v the_o point_n whether_o this_o custom_n of_o wardship_n be_v pure_o norman_n or_o whether_o it_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o saxon_n ancient_o who_o possible_o may_v have_v some_o respect_n to_o orphan_n in_o such_o case_n to_o train_v they_o up_o for_o the_o public_a service_n in_o point_n of_o war_n especial_o be_v possessor_n of_o a_o know_a right_n of_o relief_n as_o well_o as_o alfred_n the_o saxon_a king_n do_v undertake_v the_o work_n for_o the_o train_n of_o some_o such_o particular_a person_n in_o learning_n for_o the_o service_n of_o the_o public_a meneu._n asser_n meneu._n in_o time_n of_o peace_n and_o civil_a government_n yet_o thus_o much_o appear_v that_o guardianship_n of_o land_n be_v a_o know_a custom_n enough_o to_o make_v and_o maintain_v a_o right_n and_o that_o it_o by_o law_n be_v a_o right_n belong_v to_o some_o person_n before_o other_o and_o that_o this_o have_v be_v a_o custom_n before_o the_o former_a unjust_a custom_n creep_v into_o government_n of_o the_o conqueror_n and_o principal_o of_o his_o son_n rufus_n and_o though_o it_o be_v questionable_a whether_o it_o settle_v first_o upon_o the_o norman_n or_o the_o english_a yet_o its_o manifest_a that_o if_o one_o people_n have_v it_o the_o other_o people_n now_o come_v into_o union_n with_o that_o people_n can_v not_o in_o reason_n except_o against_o that_o custom_n which_o the_o other_o people_n have_v take_v up_o upon_o so_o honourable_a ground_n as_o reason_n of_o state_n which_o as_o the_o time_n than_o be_v be_v evident_a and_o superlative_a especial_o the_o custom_n be_v under_o the_o regulate_v of_o law_n and_o not_o of_o any_o arbitrary_a power_n and_o can_v be_v no_o precedent_n of_o the_o relief_n marriage_n and_o wardship_n that_o after_o age_n usurp_v tenant_n in_o knight_n service_n shall_v hold_v their_o land_n 5._o cap._n 5._o etc._n etc._n acquit_v of_o all_o tax_n acquittal_n 5._o acquittal_n that_o they_o may_v be_v more_o able_a to_o provide_v arm_n and_o be_v more_o ready_a and_o fit_a for_o the_o king_n service_n and_o defence_n of_o the_o kingdom_n this_o law_n whither_o it_o be_v a_o renew_n of_o a_o former_a custom_n or_o a_o introduction_n of_o a_o new_a law_n it_o be_v clear_a it_o be_v upon_o a_o old_a ground_n that_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n must_v be_v ready_a for_o the_o service_n of_o their_o lord_n and_o defence_n of_o the_o kingdom_n whereof_o afterward_o but_o the_o law_n be_v that_o these_o man_n shall_v hold_v their_o land_n of_o that_o tenure_n acquit_v of_o all_o tax_n though_o legal_o impose_v upon_o the_o body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o must_v be_v
as_o four_o year_n for_o within_o that_o time_n richard_n lucy_n one_o of_o the_o justice_n have_v renounce_v his_o office_n and_o betake_v himself_o to_o a_o cloister_n and_o yet_o be_v neither_o name_n in_o the_o first_o commission_n nor_o in_o the_o latter_a nor_o do_v the_o last_o commission_n continue_v five_o year_n 1184._o hoved._n an._n 1184._o for_o within_o that_o time_n ralph_n glanvile_n remove_v from_o the_o northern_a circuit_n to_o that_o of_o worcester_n as_o by_o the_o story_n of_o sir_n gilbert_n plumpton_n may_v appear_v though_o little_a to_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o justice_n of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o of_o that_o judge_n however_o his_o book_n commend_v he_o to_o posterity_n i_o take_v it_o upon_o the_o credit_n of_o the_o reporter_n 33_o co._n jurisd_v c._n 33_o that_o this_o itinerary_a judicature_n be_v settle_v to_o hold_v every_o seven_o year_n but_o i_o find_v no_o monument_n thereof_o before_o these_o day_n as_o touch_v their_o power_n certain_o it_o be_v in_o point_n of_o judicature_n as_o large_a as_o that_o of_o the_o court_n of_o lord_n though_o not_o so_o high_a it_o be_v as_o large_a because_o they_o have_v cognisance_n of_o all_o cause_n both_o concern_v the_o crown_n and_o common_a plea_n and_o among_o those_o of_o the_o crown_n this_o only_a i_o shall_v note_v that_o all_o manner_n of_o falsehood_n be_v inquirable_a by_o those_o judge_n which_o after_o come_v to_o be_v much_o invade_v by_o the_o clergy_n 7._o hoveden_n glanvil_n l._n 14._o c._n 7._o i_o shall_v say_v no_o more_o of_o this_o but_o that_o in_o their_o original_n these_o iter_n be_v little_a other_o than_o visitation_n of_o the_o country_n by_o the_o grand_a council_n of_o lord_n nor_o shall_v i_o add_v any_o thing_n concern_v the_o vicontiel_n court_v and_o other_o inferior_a but_o what_o i_o find_v in_o glanvile_n that_o though_o robbery_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n court_n 2._o glanv_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 2._o yet_o theft_n belong_v to_o the_o sheriff_n court_n and_o if_o the_o lord_n court_n intercept_v not_o all_o battery_n and_o wound_n unless_o in_o the_o complaint_n they_o be_v charge_v to_o be_v do_v contra_fw-la pacem_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la the_o like_a also_o of_o inferior_a trespass_n 10._o idem_fw-la lib._n 9_o &_o 10._o beside_o common_a plea_n whereof_o more_o shall_v follow_v in_o the_o next_o chapter_n as_o occasion_n shall_v be_v chap._n lxii_o of_o certain_a law_n of_o judicature_n in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o second_o and_o hereof_o i_o shall_v note_v only_o a_o few_o as_o well_o touch_v matter_n of_o the_o crown_n as_o of_o property_n be_v desirous_a to_o observe_v the_o change_n of_o law_n with_o the_o time_n and_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o growth_n thereof_o to_o that_o pitch_n which_o in_o these_o time_n it_o have_v attain_v we_o can_v find_v in_o any_o story_n that_o the_o saxon_a church_n be_v infest_a with_o any_o heresy_n from_o their_o first_o entrance_n till_o this_o present_a generation_n the_o first_o and_o last_o heresy_n heresy_n 1._o heresy_n that_o ever_o trouble_a this_o island_n be_v inbred_a by_o pelagius_n but_o that_o be_v among_o the_o briton_n and_o be_v first_o batter_v by_o the_o council_n or_o synod_n under_o germanus_n but_o afterward_o suppress_v by_o the_o zeal_n of_o the_o saxon_n who_o like_v nothing_o of_o the_o british_a breed_n and_o for_o who_o sake_n it_o suffer_v more_o happy_o then_o for_o the_o foulness_n of_o the_o opinion_n the_o saxon_a church_n leaven_v from_o rome_n for_o the_o space_n of_o above_o five_o hundred_o year_n hold_v on_o its_o course_n without_o any_o intermission_n by_o cross_a doctrine_n spring_v up_o 585._o hoved._n 585._o till_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o second_o then_o enter_v a_o sect_n who_o they_o call_v publican_n but_o be_v the_o albigenses_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o decree_n of_o pope_n alexander_n who_o opinion_n i_o shall_v not_o trouble_v my_o course_n with_o but_o it_o seem_v they_o be_v such_o as_o cross_v their_o way_n and_z henry_n the_o second_o make_v the_o first_o precedent_n of_o punish_v heresy_n in_o this_o kingdom_n under_z the_o name_n of_o this_o sect_n who_o he_o cause_v to_o be_v bring_v before_o a_o council_n of_o bishop_n 13._o nubrig_n l._n 2._o cap._n 13._o who_o endeavour_v to_o convince_v they_o of_o their_o error_n but_o fail_v therein_o they_o pronounce_v they_o heretic_n and_o deliver_v they_o over_o to_o the_o lay_v power_n by_o which_o mean_n they_o be_v brand_v in_o the_o forehead_n whip_v and_o expose_v to_o extremity_n of_o the_o cold_a according_a to_o the_o decree_n of_o the_o church_n die_v 585._o decret_a papae_fw-la alexand._n hoveden_n 585._o this_o be_v the_o manner_n and_o punishment_n of_o heretic_n in_o this_o kingdom_n in_o those_o day_n albeit_o it_o seem_v they_o be_v then_o decree_v to_o be_v burn_v in_o other_o country_n if_o that_o relation_n of_o cogshall_n be_v true_a which_o picardus_n note_v upon_o the_o 13_o chapter_n of_o the_o history_n of_o william_n of_o newberry_n out_o of_o which_o i_o have_v insert_v this_o relation_n another_o case_n we_o meet_v with_o in_o henry_n the_o second_o time_n concern_v apostasy_n 9_o 2._o apostasy_n bracton_n lib._n 3._o cap._n 9_o which_o be_v a_o crime_n that_o as_o it_o seem_v die_v as_o soon_o as_o it_o be_v bear_v for_o beside_o that_o one_o we_o find_v not_o second_v thereto_o in_o all_o the_o file_n of_o english_a story_n the_o particular_a be_v that_o a_o clerk_n have_v renounce_v his_o baptism_n and_o turn_v jew_n and_o for_o this_o be_v convict_v by_o a_o council_n of_o bishop_n at_o oxford_n and_o be_v burn_v so_o as_o we_o have_v apostasy_n punish_v with_o death_n and_o heresy_n with_o a_o punishment_n that_o prove_v mortal_a and_o the_o manner_n of_o conviction_n of_o both_o by_o a_o council_n of_o the_o clergy_n and_o deliver_v over_o to_o the_o lay_v power_n who_o certain_o proceed_v according_a to_o the_o direction_n of_o the_o canon_n or_o advice_n of_o the_o council_n these_o if_o no_o more_o be_v sufficient_a to_o demonstrate_v the_o grow_a power_n of_o the_o clergy_n however_o brave_a the_o king_n be_v against_o all_o his_o enemy_n in_o the_o field_n treason_n treason_n 3._o treason_n be_v ancient_o use_v only_a as_o a_o crime_n of_o breach_n of_o trust_n or_o fealty_n as_o have_v be_v already_o note_v now_o it_o grow_v into_o a_o sad_a temper_n and_o be_v make_v all_o one_o with_o that_o of_o laesa_fw-la majestas_fw-la and_o that_o majesty_n that_o now_o a_o day_n be_v wrap_v up_o whole_o in_o the_o person_n of_o the_o king_n be_v in_o henry_n the_o second_o time_n impart_v to_o the_o king_n and_o kingdom_n as_o in_o the_o first_o time_n it_o be_v more_o relate_v to_o the_o kingdom_n and_o therefore_o glanvile_n in_o his_o book_n of_o law_n speak_v of_o the_o wound_n of_o majesty_n exemplify_v sedition_n and_o destruction_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o be_v in_o equal_a degree_n a_o 2._o lib._n 1._o cap._n 2._o wound_n of_o majesty_n 1._o lib._n 10._o cap._n 1._o with_o the_o destruction_n of_o the_o person_n of_o the_o king_n and_o then_o he_o name_v sedition_n in_o the_o army_n and_o fraudulent_a conversion_n of_o treasure_n trove_v which_o proper_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n all_o which_o he_o say_v be_v punish_v with_o death_n and_o forfeiture_n of_o estate_n and_o corruption_n of_o blood_n for_o so_o i_o take_v the_o meaning_n of_o the_o word_n in_o relation_n to_o what_o ensue_v felony_n felony_n 4._o felony_n of_o manslaughter_n burn_v robbery_n ravishment_n and_o fausonry_n be_v to_o be_v punish_v with_o loss_n of_o member_n and_o estate_n this_o be_v the_o law_n derive_v from_o the_o norman_n and_o according_o be_v the_o direction_n in_o the_o charge_n give_v to_o the_o justice_n itinerant_a in_o henry_n the_o second_o time_n as_o appear_v in_o hoveden_n but_o treason_n or_o treachery_n against_o the_o oath_n fealty_n 25._o ll._n hen._n 1._o c._n 25._o or_o bond_n of_o allegiance_n as_o of_o the_o servant_n against_o the_o lord_n be_v punish_v with_o certain_a and_o with_o painful_a death_n and_o therefore_o though_o the_o murder_n of_o the_o king_n be_v treason_n yet_o the_o murder_n of_o his_o son_n be_v no_o other_o than_o as_o of_o another_o man_n unless_o it_o arise_v from_o those_o of_o his_o own_o servant_n 79_o ll._n hen._n 1._o c._n 79_o the_o penalty_n of_o loss_n of_o estate_n be_v common_a both_o to_o treason_n and_o felony_n it_o reach_v even_o unto_o theft_n in_o which_o case_n the_o forfeiture_n as_o to_o the_o moveable_n 17._o glanvil_n lib._n 7._o cap._n 17._o be_v to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o the_o county_n unto_o who_o cognisance_n the_o case_n do_v belong_v and_o the_o land_n go_v to_o the_o lord_n immediate_o and_o not_o to_o the_o king_n but_o in_o all_o case_n of_o felony_n &_o of_o
this_o day_n hold_v the_o last_o in_o custom_n to_o all_o intent_n whatsoever_o the_o last_o branch_n provide_v the_o remedy_n to_o recover_v to_o the_o heir_n his_o possession_n in_o case_n it_o be_v detain_v either_o through_o doubtfulness_n of_o age_n of_o the_o heir_n or_o his_o title_n and_o it_o direct_v the_o issue_n to_o be_v try_v by_o twelve_o man_n this_o trial_n some_o have_v think_v to_o be_v of_o glanvil_n invention_n and_o it_o may_v well_o be_v that_o this_o trial_n of_o this_o matter_n as_o thus_o set_v down_o be_v direct_v by_o he_o yet_o he_o use_v often_o in_o his_o book_n the_o word_n solet_fw-la and_o in_o his_o preface_n say_v that_o he_o will_v set_v down_o frequentius_fw-la usitata_fw-la and_o its_o past_a question_n but_o that_o the_o trial_n by_o twelve_o man_n be_v much_o more_o ancient_a as_o have_v be_v already_o note_v one_o thing_n more_o yet_o remain_v concern_v the_o widow_n of_o the_o tenant_n who_o dower_n be_v not_o only_o provide_v for_o but_o her_o reasonable_a part_n of_o her_o husband_n personal_a estate_n the_o original_a hereof_o be_v from_o the_o norman_n and_o it_o be_v as_o popular_a as_o that_o of_o wardship_n be_v regal_a and_o so_o they_o make_v the_o english_a woman_n as_o sure_a to_o they_o as_o they_o be_v sure_a of_o their_o child_n the_o justice_n shall_v by_o assize_n try_v disseisin_n do_v since_o the_o king_n 10._o 10._o come_v over_o sea_n next_o after_o the_o peace_n make_v between_o he_o and_o his_o son_n this_o be_v call_v the_o assize_n of_o novel_a disseisin_n or_o of_o disseisin_n late_o make_v it_o seem_v that_o the_o limitation_n be_v set_v for_o the_o justice_n sake_n who_o now_o be_v appoint_v to_o that_o work_n which_o former_o belong_v to_o the_o county_n court_v 33._o glanv_n lib._n 13._o cap._n 33._o and_o to_o prevent_v intrenchment_n of_o court_n a_o limitation_n be_v determine_v although_o the_o copy_n seem_v to_o be_v mistake_v for_o the_o limitation_n in_o the_o writ_n be_v from_o the_o king_n last_o voyage_n or_o go_v into_o normandy_n justice_n shall_v do_v right_a upon_o the_o king_n write_v for_o half_a a_o 11._o 11._o knight_n fee_n and_z under_z unless_o in_o case_n of_o difficulty_n which_o be_v to_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o king_n the_o justice_n itinerant_a end_v the_o small_a matter_n in_o their_o circuit_n the_o other_o be_v reserve_v to_o the_o king_n in_o his_o bench_n justice_n shall_v inquire_v of_o escheate_n land_n church_n and_o 12._o 12._o woman_n in_o the_o king_n gift_n and_o of_o castle_n guard_n who_o how_o much_o and_o where_o so_o as_o the_o judge_n itinerant_a have_v the_o work_n of_o escheator_n and_o make_v their_o circuit_n serve_v as_o well_o for_o the_o king_n profit_n as_o justice_n to_o the_o subject_n they_o use_v also_o to_o take_v fealty_n of_o the_o people_n to_o the_o king_n at_o one_o certain_a time_n of_o the_o year_n and_o to_o demand_v homage_n also_o these_o matter_n of_o the_o king_n exchequer_n make_v the_o presence_n of_o the_o judge_n less_o acceptable_a and_o it_o may_v be_v occasion_v some_o kind_n of_o oppression_n and_o as_o touch_v castleguard_n it_o be_v a_o tenure_n in_o great_a use_n in_o these_o bloody_a time_n and_o yet_o it_o seem_v they_o use_v to_o take_v rend_v instead_o of_o the_o personal_a service_n else_o have_v that_o enquiry_n how_o much_o be_v improper_a 13._o 13._o of_o a_o tenant_n hold_v and_o of_o several_a lord_n that_o one_o man_n may_v hold_v several_a land_n of_o several_a lord_n and_o so_o owe_v service_n to_o they_o all_o be_v so_o common_a as_o nothing_o can_v be_v more_o nevertheless_o it_o will_v not_o be_v altogether_o out_o of_o the_o way_n to_o touch_v somewhat_o upon_o the_o nature_n of_o this_o mutual_a relation_n between_o lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o general_a that_o the_o true_a nature_n of_o the_o diversity_n may_v more_o full_o appear_v the_o foundation_n or_o subject_n of_o service_n be_v a_o piece_n of_o land_n or_o other_o tenement_n at_o the_o first_o give_v by_o the_o lord_n to_o the_o tenant_n in_o affirmance_n of_o a_o stipulation_n between_o they_o presuppose_v by_o the_o give_v and_o receive_v whereof_o the_o tenant_n undertake_v to_o perform_v service_n to_o the_o lord_n 4._o glanv_n lib._n 9_o cap._n 4._o and_o the_o lord_n undertake_v protection_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o his_o right_n to_o that_o tenement_n the_o service_n be_v first_o by_o promise_n solemn_o bind_v either_o by_o oath_n which_o the_o lord_n or_o his_o deputy_n by_o the_o common_a law_n have_v power_n to_o administer_v as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o fealty_n in_o which_o the_o tenant_n bind_v himself_o to_o be_v true_a to_o the_o honour_n and_o safety_n of_o his_o lord_n person_n and_o to_o perform_v the_o service_n due_a to_o the_o lord_n for_o the_o tenement_n so_o give_v or_o otherwise_o by_o the_o tenant_n humble_a acknowledgement_n and_o promise_v not_o only_o to_o perform_v the_o service_n due_a but_o even_o to_o be_v devote_v to_o the_o lord_n service_n to_o honour_v he_o and_o to_o adventure_v limb_n and_o life_n and_o to_o be_v true_a and_o faithful_a to_o the_o lord_n this_o be_v call_v homage_n from_o those_o word_n i_o become_v your_o man_n sir_n and_o yet_o promise_v upon_o the_o matter_n no_o more_o but_o fealty_n in_o a_o deep_a compliment_n albeit_o there_o be_v difference_n in_o the_o adjunct_n belong_v to_o each_o for_o though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o by_o promise_n of_o be_v the_o lord_n man_n a_o general_a service_n may_v seem_v to_o be_v imply_v yet_o in_o regard_n that_o it_o be_v upon_o occasion_n only_o of_o that_o present_a tenure_n it_o seem_v to_o i_o that_o it_o be_v to_o be_v restrain_v only_o to_o those_o particular_a service_n which_o belong_v to_o that_o tenement_n and_o therefore_o if_o that_o tenement_n be_v hold_v in_o soccage_n although_o the_o tenant_n be_v bind_v to_o homage_n yet_o that_o homage_n tie_v not_o the_o tenant_n to_o the_o service_n of_o a_o knight_n 5_o lit._n lib._n 2._o cap._n 5_o nor_o contrary_o do_v the_o homage_n of_o a_o tenant_n in_o knight_n service_n tie_v he_o to_o that_o of_o socage_n upon_o the_o command_n of_o his_o lord_n though_o he_o profess_v himself_o to_o be_v his_o man_n nor_o do_v the_o tenant_n homage_n bind_v he_o against_o all_o man_n nor_o ad_fw-la semper_fw-la for_o in_o case_n he_o hold_v of_o two_o or_o divers_a lord_n by_o homage_n for_o several_a tenement_n 10._o glanv_n lib._n 9_o cap._n 1._o lib._n 7._o cap._n 10._o and_o these_o two_o lord_n be_v in_o war_n one_o against_o the_o other_o the_o tenant_n must_v serve_v his_o chief_a lord_n of_o who_o the_o capital_a house_n be_v hold_v or_o that_o lord_n which_o be_v he_o by_o priority_n who_o may_v be_v call_v the_o chief_a lord_n because_o have_v first_o receive_v homage_n he_o receive_v it_o absolute_o from_o his_o tenant_n but_o all_o other_o lord_n receive_v homage_n of_o such_o tenant_n with_o a_o save_n of_o the_o tenant_n faith_n make_v to_o other_o lord_n and_o to_o the_o king_n who_o in_o order_n to_o the_o public_a have_v power_n to_o command_v a_o tenant_n into_o war_n against_o his_o own_o lord_n if_o therefore_o he_o be_v command_v by_o the_o king_n in_o such_o case_n unto_o war_n he_o need_v not_o question_v the_o point_n of_o forfeiture_n 1._o glanvil_n lib._n 9_o cap._n 1._o but_o if_o he_o be_v command_v by_o a_o chief_a of_o his_o other_o lord_n into_o war_n against_o a_o party_n in_o which_o another_o of_o his_o lord_n be_v engage_v his_o safe_a way_n be_v to_o enter_v upon_o the_o work_n because_o of_o his_o allegiancc_fw-la to_o that_o lord_n yet_o with_o a_o salvo_fw-la of_o his_o fealty_n to_o that_o other_o lord._n 4._o ibid._n cap._n 4._o but_o in_o all_o ordinary_a case_n tenant_n and_o lord_n must_v have_v regard_n to_o their_o stipulation_n for_o otherwise_o if_o either_o break_v the_o other_o be_v discharge_v for_o ever_o and_o if_o the_o fault_n be_v in_o the_o tenant_n his_o tenement_n escheat_n to_o his_o lord_n and_o if_o the_o lord_n fail_v he_o lose_v his_o tenure_n and_o the_o tenant_n may_v thence_o forth_o disclaim_v and_o hold_v over_o for_o ever_o nevertheless_o the_o lord_n have_v two_o privilege_n by_o common_a custom_n belong_v to_o their_o tenor_n which_o although_o not_o mention_v in_o the_o stipulation_n be_v yet_o more_o valuable_a than_o all_o the_o rest_n the_o one_o concern_v matter_n of_o profit_n the_o other_o of_o power_n that_o of_o profit_n consist_v in_o aid_n and_o relief_n the_o aid_n be_v of_o three_o kind_n 8._o ibid._n c._n 8._o one_o to_o make_v the_o lord_n elder_a son_n knight_n the_o other_o to_o marry_v his_o elder_a daughter_n the_o three_o to_o help_v he_o to_o pay_v a_o relief_n to_o his_o lord_n paramont_n which_o in_o my_o opinion_n
pass_v before_o the_o party_n be_v indict_v 1._o stat._n the_o asport_n relig_n 35_o e._n 1._o no_o religious_a house_n shall_v be_v charge_v with_o tax_n to_o any_o superior_a without_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n nor_o shall_v send_v to_o any_o visitation_n out_o of_o england_n this_o be_v neither_o at_o the_o request_n of_o the_o clergy_n nor_o act_n of_o kindness_n intend_v unto_o they_o but_o for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o prevent_v the_o bleed_a of_o the_o treasure_n of_o the_o kingdom_n into_o foreign_a part_n 35._o mag._n carta_fw-la cap._n 35._o patron_n of_o abbey_n shall_v have_v their_o custody_n during_o their_o vacancy_n this_o be_v the_o ancient_a law_n now_o revive_v by_o the_o clergy_n consent_n and_o intend_a for_o the_o safeguard_n of_o the_o revenue_n of_o the_o house_n and_o their_o maintenance_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v with_o a_o sicut_fw-la superius_fw-la dictum_fw-la est_fw-la cap._n 5._o 2._o stat._n de_fw-fr prisis_fw-la edw._n 2._o the_o good_n of_o the_o clergy_n free_v from_o purveyance_n unless_o they_o will_n it_o be_v a_o favour_n give_v by_o edw._n 2._o to_o the_o clergy_n to_o gain_v their_o good_a will_n after_o the_o death_n of_o gaveston_n the_o shameful_a defeat_n receive_v in_o scotland_n and_o some_o particular_a testimony_n of_o god_n displeasure_n whereof_o he_o begin_v to_o be_v somewhat_o sensible_a 1._o stat._n de_fw-fr quo_fw-la warranto_fw-la 18_o edw._n 1._o franchise_n hold_v by_o prescription_n or_o charter_n confirm_v and_o trial_n by_o quo_fw-la warranto_fw-la allow_v to_o be_v in_o eyer_n it_o be_v the_o common_a share_n of_o the_o great_a man_n but_o especial_o of_o the_o clergy_n to_o have_v their_o franchise_n expose_v to_o the_o prey_n of_o the_o eagle_n or_o to_o such_o as_o hauk_v for_o they_o and_o its_o likely_a the_o king_n have_v not_o so_o easy_o forgo_v his_o prize_n if_o all_o the_o fat_a have_v fall_v to_o his_o own_o share_n but_o perceive_v that_o more_o benefit_n come_v to_o his_o instrument_n then_o be_v meet_v and_o himself_o little_a the_o better_a thereby_o he_o sacrifice_v his_o judge_n to_o the_o people_n but_o it_o be_v to_o his_o own_o behoof_n and_o so_o gain_v both_o credit_n and_o favour_n from_o the_o people_n and_o profit_n to_o himself_o and_o in_o some_o measure_n satisfy_v the_o 48_o 49_o 50._o article_n of_o the_o clergy_n complaint_n in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o and_o the_o 15_o article_n of_o their_o last_o complaint_n land_n or_o tenement_n alien_v to_o a_o religious_a house_n shall_v escheat_n to_o the_o lord_n 37._o mag._n carta_fw-la cap._n 37._o if_o the_o alienor_fw-la take_v the_o same_o back_n to_o hold_v of_o that_o house_n the_o ground_n hereof_o principal_o be_v the_o prejudice_n do_v to_o the_o lord_n by_o destruction_n of_o the_o tenure_n albeit_o that_o it_o have_v be_v a_o ancient_a grievance_n complain_v of_o in_o the_o saxon_a time_n that_o the_o clergy_n be_v covetous_a and_o swallow_v down_o estate_n and_o thereby_o weaken_v the_o kingdom_n but_o now_o they_o be_v become_v even_o cheater_n serve_v the_o turn_n of_o treacherous_a tenant_n that_o will_v give_v their_o land_n by_o compact_n with_o the_o church_n man_n to_o receive_v they_o again_o from_o they_o to_o hold_v of_o the_o church_n which_o be_v a_o liberty_n that_o man_n thirst_v after_o in_o those_o time_n wherein_o the_o church_n man_n be_v more_o adore_v than_o their_o image_n 27._o bracton_n lib._n 1._o foe_n 13._o coke_n 2._o instit_fw-la super_fw-la magna_fw-la carta_fw-la cap._n 36._o p._n 74_o &_o 75._o bracton_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 10._o foe_n 27._o it_o seem_v this_o law_n be_v make_v after_o bractons_n time_n if_o that_o be_v true_a in_o the_o second_o institute_n for_o he_o say_v that_o a_o man_n may_v give_v his_o land_n to_o any_o one_o whether_o christian_n or_o jew_n or_o religious_a person_n and_o nothing_o shall_v hinder_v it_o but_o the_o special_a reservation_n of_o the_o donor_n and_o yet_o he_o say_v that_o such_o gift_n or_o grant_n take_v not_o away_o the_o right_n of_o the_o lord_n paramount_n in_o his_o tenure_n albeit_o the_o gift_n be_v in_o free_a alm_n nevertheless_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v such_o restraint_n as_o the_o templar_n and_o hospitaller_n be_v fain_o to_o find_v out_o a_o new_a way_n which_o be_v to_o protect_v man_n tenement_n from_o execution_n of_o law_n by_o levy_v cross_n thereon_o albeit_o the_o right_a of_o the_o lord_n be_v not_o bar_v and_o therefore_o edw._n 1._o 33._o stat._n west_n 2._o cap._n 33._o provide_v a_o law_n to_o make_v this_o also_o in_o nature_n of_o a_o mortmain_n within_o the_o statute_n make_v in_o the_o seven_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n call_v the_o statute_n de_fw-fr religiosis_fw-la by_o which_o it_o be_v enact_v that_o in_o case_n of_o such_o alienation_n in_o mortmain_n the_o lord_n shall_v have_v liberty_n to_o enter_v if_o he_o fail_v then_o the_o lord_n paramount_n 1._o stat._n de_fw-fr religiosis_fw-la 7_o e._n 1._o or_o if_o he_o fail_v the_o king_n shall_v enter_v and_o dispose_v of_o the_o same_o and_o that_o no_o licence_n of_o mortmain_n shall_v be_v sue_v out_o but_o by_o the_o mean_a lord_n assent_v and_o where_o part_n of_o the_o premise_n remain_v still_o in_o the_o donor_n and_o the_o original_a writ_n mention_v all_o the_o particular_n and_o thus_o at_o length_n be_v this_o issue_n for_o the_o present_a stay_a which_o hitherto_o waste_v the_o strength_n of_o the_o kingdom_n 39_o stat._n de_fw-fr amortizandis_fw-la terris_fw-la m._n west_n an._n 1280._o mag._n carta_fw-la cap._n 39_o and_o by_o continual_a current_n empty_v it_o into_o the_o mare_n mortuum_fw-la of_o the_o clergy_n consume_v the_o maintenance_n of_o knight_n service_n by_o convert_v the_o same_o to_o clerk-service_n no_o judge_n shall_v compel_v a_o free_a man_n to_o make_v oath_n without_o the_o king_n command_n 3._o miror_fw-la just_n cap._n 5._o sec_fw-la 3._o so_o be_v the_o sense_n of_o the_o law_n render_v by_o a_o ancient_a author_n and_o i_o hope_v i_o shall_v not_o wrong_v the_o text_n if_o i_o affirm_v that_o the_o ecclesiastical_a judge_n be_v include_v within_o the_o equity_n though_o proper_o he_o be_v not_o balivus_fw-la for_o the_o law_n intend_v to_o show_v that_o its_o a_o liberty_n that_o the_o subject_n have_v not_o to_o be_v compel_v to_o take_v oath_n without_o the_o king_n especial_a command_n and_o by_o consequence_n it_o show_v also_o that_o the_o king_n at_o that_o time_n and_o until_o then_o have_v the_o directory_n of_o oath_n for_o it_o be_v a_o ancient_a liberty_n give_v in_o the_o king_n charter_n unto_o such_o as_o they_o please_v viz._n to_o impose_v oath_n 2._o malimsb_n de_fw-fr gest_n reg._n lib._n 2._o and_o to_o punish_v for_o breach_n of_o oath_n and_o this_o pass_v under_o the_o word_n athae_fw-la or_o athas_n and_o so_o edmund_n the_o saxon_a king_n give_v to_o the_o abbey_n of_o glastenbury_n among_o other_o athas_n &_o ordulas_n and_o the_o churchman_n that_o first_o procure_v vacation_n from_o suit_n of_o law_n during_o holy_a time_n procure_v a_o law_n also_o to_o be_v settle_v by_o edward_n the_o saxon_a king_n and_o gunthurne_n the_o dane_n 9_o ll._n edw._n cap._n 9_o that_o ordeale_n and_o oath_n shall_v be_v forbid_v upon_o the_o holy_a feast_n and_o lawful_a fast_n and_o a_o wonder_v it_o be_v how_o it_o escape_v the_o gripe_n of_o the_o clergy_n so_o long_o who_o catch_v at_o any_o thing_n that_o have_v but_o a_o glance_n of_o god_n worship_n in_o it_o and_o if_o this_o be_v the_o subject_n liberty_n not_o to_o be_v compel_v to_o swear_v sure_o much_o more_o not_o to_o be_v compel_v to_o accuse_v himself_o unless_o by_o the_o law_n he_o be_v especial_o bind_v 106._o bracton_n lib._n 3._o cap._n 7_o foe_n 106._o for_o it_o be_v glanviles_n rule_n ob_fw-la infamiam_fw-la non_fw-la solet_fw-la juxta_fw-la legem_fw-la terrae_fw-la aliquis_fw-la per_fw-la legem_fw-la apparentem_fw-la se_fw-la purgare_fw-la nisi_fw-la prius_fw-la convictus_fw-la fuerit_fw-la vel_fw-la confessus_fw-la in_o curiae_fw-la but_o the_o power_n of_o the_o clergy_n now_o be_v grow_v strong_a and_o they_o begin_v to_o remember_v themselves_o and_o that_o oath_n be_v of_o a_o holy_a regard_n and_o they_o man_n for_o holiness_n best_o able_a to_o judge_v when_o and_o to_o who_o they_o shall_v be_v minister_v and_o therefore_o now_o they_o begin_v to_o enter_v their_o claim_n and_o to_o make_v a_o sure_a title_n they_o get_v a_o grant_n from_o pope_n innocent_a to_o steven_n langton_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n of_o a_o faculty_n of_o licens_v administration_n of_o oath_n during_o the_o time_n of_o lent_n and_o he_o according_o enjoy_v it_o during_o the_o mad_a time_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o but_o edward_n the_o first_o quarrel_v it_o and_o leave_v it_o questionable_a to_o edward_n the_o second_o who_o be_v in_o his_o condition_n as_o a_o
be_v in_o those_o elder_a time_n but_o in_o two_o case_n viz._n of_o king_n and_o castle_n in_o the_o one_o of_o which_o the_o government_n be_v principal_o concern_v in_o the_o other_o the_o public_a defence_n for_o it_o may_v be_v well_o conjecture_v that_o castle_n be_v either_o first_o make_v in_o place_n commodious_a for_o habitation_n and_o great_a town_n gather_v to_o they_o for_o their_o better_a safety_n or_o that_o the_o town_n be_v first_o gather_v in_o place_n of_o commodious_a habitation_n and_o then_o castle_n be_v make_v for_o their_o better_a defence_n or_o if_o they_o be_v impose_v upon_o they_o by_o the_o victor_n to_o keep_v they_o in_o awe_n they_o be_v nevertheless_o by_o continuance_n together_o become_v tractable_a and_o conspire_v for_o the_o mutual_a defence_n of_o each_o other_o but_o as_o touch_v such_o citadel_n or_o castle_n that_o be_v set_v in_o solitary_a place_n they_o may_v seem_v rather_o first_o intend_v for_o the_o particular_a defence_n of_o some_o particular_a man_n and_o his_o family_n and_o neighbour_a tenant_n and_o therefore_o in_o the_o purveyance_n for_o castle_n it_o seem_v the_o proper_a town_n wherein_o it_o be_v be_v principal_o liable_a to_o that_o duty_n because_o their_o safety_n be_v more_o principal_o interest_v and_o therefore_o prize_v there_o take_v may_v be_v pay_v at_o a_o day_n to_o come_v but_o in_o all_o other_o place_n immediate_o nevertheless_o this_o last_v not_o long_o for_o the_o soldier_n find_v out_o a_o trick_n of_o favour_v their_o own_o quarter_n and_o preserve_v they_o in_o heart_n against_o a_o back_n winter_n know_v that_o at_o such_o time_n its_o better_a to_o seek_v for_o provision_n nigh_o then_o to_o be_v compel_v to_o seek_v far_o off_o but_o this_o stratagem_n be_v cut_v off_o by_o the_o next_o king_n who_o inhibit_v all_o manner_n of_o purveyance_n in_o any_o other_o town_n 7_o westm_n 1._o cap._n 7_o then_o in_o the_o same_o town_n wherein_o the_o castle_n be_v seat_v this_o be_v a_o charge_n that_o be_v but_o temporary_a and_o occasional_a that_o which_o be_v more_o last_a and_o burdensome_a upon_o the_o subject_n be_v purveyance_n for_o the_o king_n which_o nevertheless_o can_v be_v avoid_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o greatness_n of_o his_o retinue_n especial_o in_o those_o day_n and_o if_o they_o shall_v have_v their_o resort_n to_o the_o market_n the_o same_o can_v not_o be_v free_a to_o the_o people_n for_o that_o the_o first_o service_n must_v be_v for_o the_o king_n household_n and_o so_o what_o scrap_n will_v be_v leave_v for_o the_o commons_o no_o man_n can_v tell_v it_o be_v therefore_o necessary_a for_o the_o king_n family_n to_o be_v maintain_v by_o purveyance_n 2._o artic._n super_fw-la cart_n cap._n 2._o and_o to_o avoid_v the_o many_o inconvenience_n which_o may_v and_o do_v arise_v in_o those_o spoil_v time_n it_o be_v ordain_v that_o it_o shall_v be_v felony_n for_o any_o purveyor_n to_o purvy_a without_o warrant_n 2._o that_o none_o but_o the_o king_n purveyour_fw-mi must_v purvey_v for_o the_o king_n house_n and_o that_o he_o must_v purvey_v only_o for_o the_o king_n house_n and_o to_o purvey_v no_o more_o than_o be_v necessary_a and_o to_o pay_v for_o the_o thing_n they_o take_v and_o because_o king_n be_v oftentimes_o necessitate_v for_o removal_n from_o place_n to_o place_n purveyance_n of_o carriage_n be_v also_o allow_v 32._o west_n 1._o c._n 32._o and_o in_o case_n the_o subject_n be_v grieve_v either_o by_o more_o purveyance_n than_o be_v necessary_a or_o by_o non_fw-fr payment_n for_o their_o commodity_n so_o take_v or_o with_o composition_n for_o the_o king_n debt_n for_o such_o purveyance_n the_o offender_n be_v liable_a to_o fine_a and_o imprisonment_n 2._o artic_a super_fw-la cart_n cap._n 2._o or_o if_o they_o be_v grieve_v by_o purveyor_n without_o warrant_n the_o offender_n be_v to_o be_v proceed_v against_o as_o in_o case_n of_o felony_n he_o that_o serve_v in_o castleguard_n be_v not_o liable_a to_o payment_n of_o rent_n for_o that_o service_n 22._o cap._n 22._o nor_o be_v he_o compellable_n to_o either_o so_o long_o as_o he_o be_v in_o the_o service_n in_o the_o army_n by_o the_o ancient_a custom_n none_o but_o a_o knight_n may_v be_v charge_v with_o the_o guard_n of_o a_o castle_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n for_o the_o letter_n of_o this_o law_n mention_v only_o such_o and_o therefore_o to_o hold_v by_o castleguard_n be_v a_o tenure_n in_o knight-service_n and_o it_o seem_v that_o rent_n for_o castle_n guard_v original_o be_v consistent_a with_o knightservice_n and_o that_o it_o be_v not_o annual_a but_o promiscuous_o knight_n may_v either_o perform_v the_o service_n or_o pay_v rend_v in_o lieu_n thereof_o and_o upon_o occasion_n do_v neither_o if_o the_o king_n send_v they_o into_o the_o field_n and_o last_o that_o a_o knight_n may_v either_o do_v the_o service_n in_o his_o own_o person_n or_o by_o his_o esquire_n or_o another_o appoint_v by_o he_o thereto_o no_o knight_n nor_o lord_n nor_o churchmen_n carriage_n 23._o cap._n 23._o nor_o no_o man_n wood_n shall_v be_v take_v against_o the_o owner_n consent_n nor_o shall_v any_o man_n carriage_n be_v take_v if_o he_o will_v pay_v the_o hire_n limit_v by_o the_o law_n churchman_n be_v exempt_v from_o charge_n to_o the_o king_n carriage_n mere_o in_o favour_n to_o the_o canon_n which_o exempt_v the_o good_n of_o the_o clergy_n from_o such_o lie_v service_n nevertheless_o the_o complaint_n of_o the_o clergy_n former_o mention_v show_v that_o this_o be_v not_o due_o observe_v knight_n and_o lord_n be_v discharge_v not_o only_o for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o their_o port_n but_o more_o principal_o because_o they_o be_v public_a servant_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o time_n of_o war_n and_o the_o kingdom_n be_v then_o equal_o serve_v by_o themselves_o and_o their_o equipage_n and_o their_o carriage_n as_o a_o necessary_a assistant_n thereunto_o the_o king_n shall_v have_v no_o more_o profit_n of_o felon_n land_n then_o the_o year_n and_o a_o day_n 24._o cap._n 24._o and_o the_o lord_n be_v to_o have_v the_o remainder_n ancient_o the_o lord_n have_v all_o the_o estate_n of_o felon_n be_v their_o tenant_n 2._o instit_fw-la 2._o and_o the_o king_n have_v only_o the_o prerogative_n to_o waste_v they_o as_o a_o penalty_n or_o part_n thereof_o but_o afterward_o the_o lord_n by_o agreement_n yield_v unto_o the_o king_n the_o year_n and_o a_o day_n profit_n to_o save_v the_o land_n from_o spoil_n 16._o bract._n lib._n 3._o foe_n 137._o prerog_n reg._n cap._n 16._o and_o in_o continuance_n of_o time_n the_o king_n have_v both_o the_o year_n and_o day_n and_o waste_v fugitive_n also_o be_v in_o the_o same_o case_n viz._n such_o as_o desert_v their_o country_n either_o in_o time_n of_o need_n or_o such_o as_o flee_v from_o the_o trial_n of_o law_n in_o criminal_a case_n for_o in_o both_o case_n the_o saxon_n account_v they_o as_o common_a felon_n nevertheless_o the_o two_o custom_n of_o gloucester_n and_o kent_n be_v save_v out_o of_o this_o law_n by_o the_o statute_n the_o first_o whereof_o save_v the_o land_n to_o the_o heir_n from_o the_o lord_n and_o the_o second_o save_v the_o same_o to_o the_o heir_n male_n or_o for_o want_n of_o such_o to_o the_o heir_n female_n and_o to_o the_o wife_n her_o moiety_n until_o she_o be_v espouse_v to_o another_o man_n 12._o prerog_n reg._n cap._n 14._o fit_v 2_o e._n 2._o tit._n escheat_n 12._o unless_o she_o shall_v forfeit_v the_o same_o by_o fornication_n during_o her_o widowhood_n and_o by_o the_o same_o law_n also_o the_o king_n have_v all_o escheate_n of_o the_o tenant_n of_o archbshop_n and_o bishop_n during_o the_o vacancy_n as_o a_o perquisite_a but_o escheat_n of_o land_n and_o tenement_n in_o city_n or_o burrough_n the_o king_n have_v they_o in_o jure_fw-la coronae_fw-la of_o whosoever_o they_o be_v hold_v 25._o cap._n 25._o all_o wear_v shall_v be_v destroy_v but_o such_o as_o be_v by_o the_o sea_n coast_n the_o lieutenant_n of_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n as_o it_o seem_v claim_v a_o lordship_n in_o the_o thames_n and_o by_o virtue_n thereof_o have_v all_o the_o wear_v to_o his_o own_o use_n as_o appear_v by_o a_o charter_n make_v to_o the_o city_n of_o london_n recite_v in_o the_o second_o institute_n upon_o this_o law_n and_o this_o be_v to_o the_o detriment_n of_o the_o free_a man_n especial_o of_o the_o city_n of_o london_n in_o regard_n that_o all_o free_a man_n be_v to_o have_v right_a of_o free_a passage_n through_o river_n as_o well_o as_o through_o high_a way_n and_o purpresture_n in_o either_o be_v equal_o noxious_a to_o the_o common_a liberty_n and_o therefore_o that_o which_o be_v set_v down_o under_o the_o example_n or_o instance_n of_o the_o river_n of_o thames_n and_o medway_n contain_v all_o the_o river_n in_o