of_o wherein_o he_o affirm_v that_o the_o tâ—tm_a gavelkind_n be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v though_o the_o castom_n of_o partition_n be_v there_o in_o mention_v which_o without_o any_o great_a trouble_n all_o thing_n consider_v may_v argue_v it_o to_o be_v a_o british_a custom_n yet_o confess_v that_o the_o parliament_n in_o the_o statute_n of_o 34_o hen._n 8._o can_n 26._o do_v make_v use_n of_o the_o word_n gavelkind_n but_o how_o say_v he_o question_v and_o then_o resolve_v it_o only_o as_o bâ—rrowed_v to_o help_v to_o describe_v and_o illustrate_v that_o partible_a quality_n of_o the_o land_n in_o wales_n therein_o mention_v and_o that_o it_o be_v transmit_v by_o our_o lawyer_n who_o borrow_v the_o term_n to_o make_v use_n of_o it_o foâ—_n illustration_n sake_n but_o with_o pardon_n i_o shall_v â—ence_o â—â—ferr_v that_o it_o pass_v there_o as_o a_o most_o natural_a and_o genuine_a expression_n and_o be_v proper_o a_o peculiar_a of_o their_o own_o upon_o the_o ground_n before_o set_v down_o as_o for_o the_o ancient_a custom_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o ireland_n rhannu_fw-fr i_o be_o inform_v by_o the_o irish_a that_o their_o rhein-ta-loon_n which_o be_v their_o part_n of_o land_n be_v general_o among_o the_o commonalty_n and_o be_v like_o that_o oâ—_n the_o country_n of_o flanders_n where_o daughter_n share_v as_o well_o as_o the_o son_n and_o spread_v all_o over_o that_o country_n also_o the_o like_a to_o which_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o in_o wareham_n in_o dorsetshire_n in_o the_o next_o chapter_n râ—ein_n in_o the_o irish_a be_v to_o part_n and_o i_o believe_v come_v from_o the_o british_a rhannu_fw-fr i_o have_v little_a to_o say_v except_o it_o be_v that_o when_o king_n john_n overthrow_v the_o brehon_n law_n anno_fw-la regni_fw-la svi_fw-la 12._o and_o then_o settle_v the_o english_a law_n that_o this_o tenure_n of_o partition_n may_v probable_o receive_v a_o great_a abatement_n of_o its_o common_a usage_n and_o force_n among_o they_o who_o it_o seem_v have_v the_o footstep_n and_o remainder_n thereof_o very_o visible_a unto_o these_o our_o day_n but_o in_o this_o i_o shall_v desire_v to_o be_v excuse_v as_o not_o have_v inform_v myself_o sufficient_o so_o as_o to_o make_v a_o satisfactory_a discourse_n thereof_o confess_v myself_o much_o ignorant_a in_o that_o history_n and_o shall_v proceed_v in_o the_o discourse_n chap._n vii_o of_o soveral_a custom_n of_o descent_n of_o land_n of_o the_o welsh_a law_n of_o partition_n of_o knights-sâ—rvice_a and_o wardship_n among_o they_o still_o it_o be_v that_o mr._n s._n go_v about_o to_o confine_v the_o knowledge_n of_o gavelkind_a to_o the_o circuit_n of_o kent_n and_o will_v not_o allow_v it_o gavelkind_a in_o any_o other_o country_n but_o that_o for_o in_o pag._n 49._o he_o say_v thus_o what_o else_o where_o i_o mean_v in_o other_o shire_n and_o county_n they_o proper_o call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o socage_n whether_o free_a or_o base_a we_o here_o in_o kent_n be_v wont_a to_o call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o gavelkind_n or_o if_o you_o please_v in_o mr._n lambards_n expression_n all_o socage-service_n here_o proper_o so_o call_v be_v clothe_v with_o the_o apparel_n of_o gavelkind_n and_o under_o it_o in_o a_o large_a acception_n be_v understand_v all_o such_o land_n within_o the_o county_n as_o be_v not_o knights-fee_n or_o knights-service-land_n the_o term_n serve_v here_o to_o contra-distinguish_a it_o from_o knights-service-land_n but_o let_v a_o man_n go_v into_o urchinfield_n in_o the_o county_n of_o hereford_n and_o inquire_v of_o a_o inhabitant_n thereof_o in_o what_o manner_n land_n there_o be_v hold_v he_o will_v ready_o and_o speedy_o resolve_v he_o that_o they_o be_v subject_a to_o gavelkind_n and_o as_o full_o inform_v you_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o that_o their_o tenure_n viz._n that_o by_o it_o their_o land_n be_v all_o partible_a among_o the_o male_n and_o in_o defect_n of_o they_o among_o the_o female_n as_o other_o land_n of_o inheritance_n be_v throughout_o england_n i_o have_v meet_v with_o another_o kind_n and_o fort_n of_o partition_n which_o i_o dare_v venture_v to_o call_v gavelkind_a and_o be_v very_o unusual_a because_o by_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o place_n both_o male_n and_o female_n have_v a_o right_n equal_o in_o the_o partition_n i_o think_v it_o may_v not_o prove_v displease_v to_o insert_v the_o record_n as_o it_o be_v show_v to_o i_o by_o my_o industrious_a friend_n mr._n falconbridge_n to_o who_o for_o this_o and_o many_o other_o favour_n i_o must_v acknowledge_v myself_o with_o much-gratefulness_n indebt_v and_o thus_o it_o be_v in_o the_o office_n of_o the_o chamberlain_n of_o the_o exchequer_n of_o receipt_n be_v the_o like_a as_o i_o find_v it_o in_o flanders_n and_o the_o same_o with_o that_o in_o ireland_n dorset_n placita_fw-la de_fw-la jurat_fw-la be_v &_o assiss_n anno_fw-la 16._o edw._n 1._o metingh_n edwardus_fw-la kaynel_n maria_fw-la filia_fw-la roberti_n de_fw-la camma_fw-la report_n the_o irish_a have_v the_o same_o manner_n of_o partition_n davies-irish_a report_n jobanne_n bereset_v &_o matill_o uxor_fw-la ejus_fw-la &_o johanna_n soror_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la matill_o petunt_fw-la versus_fw-la johannem_fw-la alfrith_n de_fw-fr warham_n unum_fw-la toftum_fw-la cum_fw-la pertinentiis_fw-la in_o warham_n de_fw-fr quo_fw-la johannes_n gerard._n consanguineus_fw-la predictorum_fw-la edwardi_fw-la mariae_fw-la matill_o &_o johannae_n cujus_fw-la haeredes_fw-la ipsi_fw-la sunt_fw-la fuit_fw-la seisitus_fw-la in_o dominico_n svo_fw-la ut_fw-la de_fw-la feodo_fw-la die_fw-la quo_fw-la obiit_fw-la etc._n etc._n unde_fw-la dicunt_fw-la etc._n etc._n et_fw-la johannes_n venit_fw-la &_o dicit_fw-la quod_fw-la tenementa_fw-la in_o warham_n sunt_fw-la partibilia_fw-la inter_fw-la mascuâ—os_fw-la &_o femellas_fw-la &_o dicit_fw-la quod_fw-la predictus_fw-la edwardus_fw-la habet_fw-la quasdam_fw-la gunnoram_fw-la matill_o christianam_fw-la albredam_fw-la &_o eufemiam_fw-la sorores_fw-la &_o participes_fw-la ipsius_fw-la edwardi_fw-la &_o aliorum_fw-la petentium_fw-la &_o que_fw-la tantum_fw-la jus_o habent_fw-la in_o re_fw-la petita_fw-la sicut_fw-la etc._n etc._n &_o que_fw-la non_fw-la nominantur_fw-la in_o bâ—evi_fw-la unde_fw-la petit_fw-la judicium_fw-la de_fw-fr brevi_fw-la etc._n etc._n &_o edwardus_fw-la &_o alii_fw-la non_fw-la possunt_fw-la hoc_fw-la dedicere_fw-la ideo_fw-la consideratum_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la praedictus_fw-la johannes_n eat_v inde_fw-la sine_fw-la die_fw-la etc._n etc._n this_o though_o it_o may_v seem_v strange_a yet_o may_v proper_o enough_o be_v call_v a_o gavelkind_n for_o let_v the_o custom_n of_o any_o place_n be_v according_a to_o the_o usual_a or_o unusual_a way_n of_o partition_n it_o be_v but_o the_o tenure_n of_o that_o place_n and_o will_v come_v well_o enough_o under_o that_o denomination_n and_o that_o which_o mr._n s._n bring_v in_o his_o 49_o page_n as_o a_o solution_n to_o a_o objection_n viz._n that_o it_o be_v no_o other_o than_o a_o custom_n general_o spread_v itself_o throughout_o the_o whole_a country_n in_o land_n of_o that_o nature_n shall_v have_v be_v thus_o lay_v down_o without_o confine_v it_o to_o the_o county_n of_o kent_n viz._n throughout_o any_o country_n or_o all_o country_n in_o land_n of_o that_o nature_n for_o so_o indeed_o it_o be_v in_o the_o village_n round_o the_o city_n of_o hereford_n 211._o item_n lou_n per_fw-la custonie_n appel_n burgh-english_a en_fw-fr ascun_fw-fr burgh_n le_fw-fr fit_v puisn_a inherita_fw-la tout_fw-fr les_fw-fr tenement_n etc._n etc._n littleton_n lib._n 2._o sect._n 211._o i_o find_v their_o land_n be_v all_o hold_v in_o the_o tenure_n of_o borough-english_a where_o without_o difficulty_n i_o conclude_v that_o it_o be_v a_o custom_n spread_v itself_o throughout_o those_o parish_n and_o village_n in_o land_n of_o that_o nature_n neither_o can_v it_o be_v otherwise_o but_o that_o the_o young_a son_n ought_v to_o be_v and_o must_v by_o law_n be_v find_v heir_n so_o long_o as_o that_o land_n remain_v under_o the_o same_o service_n and_o copy-holdings_a of_o their_o respective_a manor_n and_o the_o suitor_n here_o do_v as_o much_o stand_v upon_o their_o custom_n as_o in_o urchenfield_n they_o insist_v upon_o their_o custom_n of_o partition_n among_o the_o male_n or_o as_o wareham_n in_o dorsetshire_n among_o both_o male_n and_o female_n another_o sort_n of_o usage_n in_o the_o tenure_n of_o burgh-english_a be_v mention_v by_o sir_n edward_n coke_n upon_o 211._o upon_o lib._n 2._o cap._n 11._o sect._n 211._o littleton_n in_o these_o word_n within_o the_o manor_n of_o b._n in_o the_o county_n of_o berk_n there_o be_v such_o a_o custom_n that_o if_o a_o man_n have_v divers_a daughter_n and_o no_o son_n and_o die_v the_o elder_a daughter_n shall_v only_o inherit_v and_o if_o he_o have_v no_o daughter_n but_o sister_n the_o elder_a sister_n by_o the_o custom_n shall_v inherit_v and_o sometime_o the_o young_a and_o divers_a other_o custom_n there_o be_v in_o like_a case_n and_o bring_v in_o britton_n to_o strengthen_v he_o and_o to_o confirm_v what_o i_o have_v say_v say_v de_fw-fr terres_fw-la des_fw-fr ancienes_fw-fr
admit_v but_o to_o run_v over_o some_o more_o of_o his_o gable_n that_o which_o he_o discourse_v of_o in_o his_o 30_o page_n be_v a_o for-gavel_a which_o be_v right_o render_v foris_fw-la gabulum_fw-la and_o be_v define_v to_o be_v quasi_fw-la extra_fw-la vel_fw-la praeter_fw-la gabulum_fw-la quod_fw-la domino_fw-la capitali_fw-la debetur_fw-la and_o this_o correspond_v with_o what_o before_o i_o have_v say_v that_o it_o be_v a_o rent_n or_o a_o duty_n beside_o over_o and_o above_o or_o beyond_o the_o original_a contract_n or_o bargain_n the_o like_a be_v in_o mete-gavel_a which_o be_v cibi_fw-la gablum_fw-la a_o rent_n of_o meat_n or_o food_n swine-gavel_a which_o be_v porcorum_fw-la gablum_fw-la a_o rent_n of_o swine_n werke-gavel_a and_o werke-gabulum_a which_o be_v operis_fw-la gablum_fw-la hunig-gavel_a which_o be_v gabulum_fw-la mellis_fw-la domâ—sdey_n mellis_fw-la for_o before_o that_o sagar_n be_v from_o the_o indies_n bring_v among_o we_o the_o use_n of_o honey_n be_v frequent_a instead_o thereof_o so_o that_o i_o have_v observe_v in_o some_o very_a ancient_a rental_n as_o great_a a_o proportion_n of_o honey_n as_o there_o will_v be_v require_v of_o sugar_n to_o seâ—ve_v such_o a_o family_n and_o much_o reserve_v to_o the_o king_n in_o most_o county_n as_o appear_v by_o domâ—sdey_n rent_n honey_n of_o which_o sort_n in_o domesdey_n you_o may_v find_v much_o and_o in_o the_o 60._o law_n of_o king_n ina_n we_o find_v a_o bere-gafol_a which_o be_v a_o rent_n of_o beer_n or_o rather_o barley_n as_o mr._n lambard_n expound_v it_o for_o in_o some_o country_n of_o england_n and_o in_o scotland_n they_o to_o this_o day_n call_v barley_n beer_n there_o be_v also_o in_o the_o 66._o of_o king_n ina_n law_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d speak_v of_o a_o yard_n of_o land_n which_o mr._n lambard_n render_v to_o signify_v mercede_fw-la conductam_fw-la that_o be_v hire_v for_o rent_n or_o wages_n so_o be_v it_o in_o the_o covenant_n betwixt_o king_n alured_n and_o guthrun_n the_o dane_n in_o the_o second_o article_n where_o it_o be_v say_v but_o tan_o ðaem_v câ—oâ—le_a de_fw-fr on_o gafollande_n rit_n which_o mr._n lambard_n render_v thus_o siquidem_fw-la be_v rusticus_n censum_fw-la annuum_fw-la impendens_fw-la non_fw-la fuerit_fw-la which_o i_o think_v in_o english_a be_v provide_v that_o that_o countryman_n do_v not_o sit_v on_o rent_a land_n for_o but_o in_o the_o old_a english_a as_o well_o as_o to_o this_o day_n in_o the_o present_a scotch_a signify_v without_o or_o want_v etc._n etc._n there_o i_o find_v gafollande_n be_v turn_v into_o census_n which_o be_v as_o much_o as_o i_o have_v need_n to_o make_v use_n of_o or_o take_v notice_n of_o in_o the_o law_n of_o king_n aethelstan_n it_o be_v thus_o Æ¿ealisc_a monne_n etc._n etc._n ê§_n he_o ðam_v ce_a gafol-gyldan_a maeg_fw-la which_o be_v thus_o translate_v wallus_n si_fw-la in_o eas_fw-la opes_fw-la creverit_fw-la etc._n etc._n ut_fw-la annuum_fw-la regi_fw-la censum_fw-la pendat_fw-la which_o be_v if_o a_o welshman_n increase_v so_o in_o riches_n etc._n etc._n that_o he_o can_v or_o may_v yield_v a_o yearly_a rent_n to_o the_o king_n such_o a_o one_o perhaps_o as_o we_o call_v a_o subsidy_n man_n or_o a_o man_n in_o the_o king_n book_n so_o in_o the_o six_o of_o king_n ina_n law_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o be_v if_o any_o one_o fight_v in_o the_o house_n of_o one_o that_o pay_v rend_v and_o in_o the_o 22._o of_o the_o same_o king_n that_o so_o often_o recite_v law_n Æ¿ealh_n gafolgylda_fw-la hund_n tÆ¿_n lftig_fw-mi â—cill_n which_o be_v turn_v into_o latin_a thus_o 33._o mr._n s._n pag._n 33._o wallus_fw-la censum_fw-la pendens_fw-la annuum_fw-la etc._n etc._n in_o the_o same_o sense_n be_v the_o word_n gavel-man_n cite_v by_o payment_n by_o many_o there_o be_v that_o with_o mr._n selden_n account_v gafol_n to_o signify_v several_a thing_n as_o tributum_fw-la etc._n etc._n but_o not_o in_o the_o least_o with_o reference_n to_o the_o tenure_n he_o cite_v the_o aâ—â—ales_n anglosaxoas_n in_o bibliotheca_fw-la cottoniana_n anno_fw-la 1012._o ða_o ê§_n gafol_fw-mi gelaest_n sae_z &_o frið_n aþa_v asporene_a Æ¿aeson_fw-mi þa_fw-mi to_o ferde_v se_fw-mi here_o Æ¿ide_n sÆ¿a_o he_o aer_fw-la gegaderode_o Æ¿a_v ða_o bugon_n to_o þam_fw-la ce_v of_o þam_n here_o fif_fw-mi &_o feoÆ¿ertig_fw-ge scypa_fw-mi &_o he_o beheton_n ê§_n he_o Æ¿oldon_n þysne_v ear_a healoan_n &_o he_o he_o fedan_n sceolde_a &_o scÆ¿ydon_n id_fw-la est_fw-la tributo_fw-la soluto_fw-la &_o amicitiae_fw-la juramentis_fw-la praestitis_fw-la excrcitus_fw-la ut_fw-la ante_fw-la erat_fw-la congregatus_fw-la late_a dispergitur_fw-la maneb_fw-mi vit_fw-mi vero_fw-la cum_fw-la rege_fw-la ex_fw-la ipso_fw-la exercitu_fw-la quadraginta_fw-la quinque_fw-la nave_n ipsique_fw-la side_n datâ_fw-la promiserunt_fw-la se_fw-la terram_fw-la hanc_fw-la dâ—fensuros_fw-la modo_fw-la eos_fw-la aleret_fw-la &_o vestiret_fw-la rex_fw-la danorum_fw-la rex_fw-la tunc_fw-la swanus_fw-la crat_fw-mi quorum_fw-la ita_fw-la pepigit_fw-la ethelredus_fw-la utrumque_fw-la autem_fw-la praestationis_fw-la quam_fw-la diximus_fw-la genus_fw-la danegeld_n danegeldum_fw-la seu_fw-la danageldum_fw-la id_fw-la est_fw-la tributum_fw-la danicum_fw-la dicebatur_fw-la seld._n mar._n clau_n l._n 2._o c._n 11._o here_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o geld_v be_v most_o proper_o tribute_n though_o in_o the_o former_a part_n of_o this_o saxon_a citation_n mr._n selden_n render_v gafol_n by_o tributum_fw-la and_o proper_o it_o do_v signify_v a_o payment_n mr._n s._n which_o have_v no_o more_o in_o signification_n than_o one_o that_o pay_v a_o rent_n and_o relate_v not_o at_o all_o to_o the_o tenure_n and_o i_o believe_v if_o serious_o look_v into_o that_o many_o of_o these_o compound_n who_o have_v this_o similitude_n of_o sound_n do_v not_o hold_v under_o or_o by_o the_o tenure_n of_o partition_n which_o if_o so_o here_o be_v nomen_fw-la sine_fw-la re_fw-la and_o this_o last_o may_v be_v a_o term_n as_o significant_a for_o any_o one_o that_o pay_v a_o rent_n in_o cumberland_n as_o in_o kent_n in_o this_o recite_v page_n it_o be_v that_o mr._n s._n have_v right_o fix_v his_o gavel_n for_o say_v he_o one_o thing_n more_o i_o have_v to_o note_v before_o i_o leave_v gable_n gavel_n etc._n etc._n that_o with_o mala_n it_o signify_v rent_n service_n or_o custom_n and_o in_o his_o 35_o page_n he_o add_v by_o this_o time_n the_o reader_n be_v satisfy_v i_o hope_v say_v he_o touch_v the_o true_a construction_n of_o gavel_n gafol_n gable_n or_o how_o ever_o else_o he_o shall_v chance_v to_o find_v it_o write_v in_o each_o import_a cens_n i._n e._n a_o rent_n either_o in_o money_n provision_n or_o work_n to_o conclude_v i_o be_o of_o the_o same_o opinion_n with_o mr._n s._n that_o these_o intermixture_n and_o compound_n do_v all_o hold_v a_o reference_n to_o gafol_n gablum_fw-la or_o gabulum_fw-la that_o all_o of_o they_o have_v one_o and_o the_o same_o exposition_n yet_o that_o none_o of_o they_o have_v any_o relation_n to_o the_o tenure_n of_o partition_n or_o to_o any_o other_o tenure_n beside_o the_o rent_v or_o pay_v of_o a_o rent_n for_o land_n etc._n etc._n there_o be_v only_o one_o thing_n more_o left_a to_o be_v consider_v which_o may_v seem_v to_o have_v in_o it_o some_o strength_n and_o that_o be_v in_o the_o 31._o page_n of_o mr._n s._n where_o he_o cite_v this_o &_o postea_fw-la per_fw-la quandam_fw-la consuetudinem_fw-la quae_fw-la voco_fw-la gavelate_fw-la usitatam_fw-la in_o comitatu_fw-la isto_fw-la viz._n kanc_n de_fw-la terris_fw-la &_o tenementis_fw-la de_fw-la gavelkind_n pro_fw-la redditibus_fw-la &_o servitiis_fw-la quae_fw-la à _fw-la retro_fw-la fuerint_fw-la de_fw-la eisdem_fw-la per_fw-la plures_fw-la annos_fw-la devenerunt_fw-la eaedem_fw-la terrae_fw-la in_o manus_fw-la cujusdam_fw-la abbatis_fw-la etc._n etc._n now_o this_o consuetudo_fw-la de_fw-fr gavelate_v use_v in_o the_o land_n and_o tenement_n hold_v in_o gavelkind_n seem_v the_o one_o to_o have_v relation_n to_o the_o other_o for_o mr._n s._n in_o the_o begin_n of_o that_o paragraph_n tell_v we_o that_o this_o gavelate_n be_v not_o a_o reut_n or_o a_o service_n but_o betoken_v a_o rent_n or_o a_o service_n withhold_v deny_v or_o detain_v cause_v the_o forfeiture_n of_o the_o tenement_n to_o the_o lord_n and_o whereas_o that_o record_n say_v it_o be_v use_v in_o that_o county_n upon_o land_n and_o tenement_n hold_v in_o gavelkind_n sir_n edward_n coke_n as_o mr._n s._n himself_o cite_v he_o say_v gaveletum_n be_v as_o much_o as_o to_o say_v as_o to_o cease_v or_o let_v to_o pay_v the_o rent_n breve_fw-la de_fw-fr gavelleto_fw-it in_o london_n est_fw-la breve_fw-la de_fw-fr cessavit_fw-la in_o biennium_fw-la etc._n etc._n pro_fw-la redditu_fw-la ibidem_fw-la quia_fw-la tenementa_fw-la fuerunt_fw-la indistringibilia_fw-la so_o that_o this_o brief_a lay_n in_o london_n as_o well_o as_o kent_n and_o minshew_n in_o his_o dictionary_n upon_o the_o word_n gavelet_n exemplify_v it_o by_o a_o case_n that_o if_o any_o tenant_n in_o gavelkind_n withhold_v his_o rent_n and_o his_o service_n of_o the_o tenement_n which_o he_o hold_v of_o
his_o lord_n let_v the_o lord_n seek_v by_o the_o award_n of_o his_o court_n from_o three_o week_n to_o three_o week_n to_o find_v some_o distress_n upon_o the_o tenement_n until_o the_o four_o court_n always_o with_o witness_n and_o if_o within_o that_o time_n he_o can_v find_v no_o distress_n in_o that_o tenement_n whereby_o he_o may_v have_v justice_n of_o his_o tenant_n then_o at_o the_o four_o court_n let_v it_o be_v award_v that_o he_o shall_v take_v that_o tenement_n into_o his_o hand_n in_o the_o name_n of_o a_o distress_n as_o if_o it_o be_v a_o ox_n or_o a_o cow_n and_o let_v he_o keep_v it_o a_o year_n and_o a_o day_n in_o his_o hand_n without_o manure_v it_o within_o which_o term_n if_o the_o tenant_n come_v and_o pay_v his_o arrearage_n and_o make_v reasonable_a amends_o for_o the_o withhold_n then_o let_v he_o have_v and_o enjoy_v his_o tenement_n as_o his_o ancestor_n and_o he_o before_o hold_v it_o and_o if_o he_o do_v not_o come_v before_o the_o year_n and_o the_o day_n be_v past_a then_o let_v the_o lord_n go_v to_o the_o next_o county_n court_n with_o his_o witness_n of_o his_o own_o court_n and_o pronounce_v there_o this_o process_n to_o have_v further_a witness_n and_o by_o the_o award_n of_o his_o court_n after_o the_o county_n court_n hold_v he_o shall_v enter_v and_o manare_fw-la in_o those_o land_n and_o tenement_n as_o in_o his_o own_o and_o if_o the_o tenant_n come_v afterward_o and_o will_v re-have_a his_o tenement_n and_o hold_v they_o as_o he_o aid_v before_o let_v he_o make_v agreement_n with_o the_o lord_n according_a as_o it_o be_v ancient_o say_v nighesith_v yield_v and_o nighesith_v geld_v i._n e._n let_v he_o nine_o time_n pay_v and_o nine_o time_n repay_v have_v he_o not_o since_o any_o thing_n give_v nor_o have_v he_o not_o since_o any_o thing_n pay_v let_v he_o pay_v v._o lib._n for_o his_o error_n before_o he_o become_v tenant_n or_o holder_n again_o see_v hereof_o 10_o hen._n 3._o fitz._n cessavit_fw-la 60._o &_o statute_n 10._o edw._n 2._o of_o gavelet_n in_o london_n in_o the_o collection_n of_o statutes_n london_n 2._o matter_n much_o tend_v to_o this_o purpose_n that_o by_o this_o word_n gavelet_n the_o lord_n shall_v have_v the_o land_n for_o the_o cease_v of_o the_o tenant_n i_o have_v read_v much_o to_o this_o purpose_n in_o mr._n lambards_n perambulation_n of_o kent_n but_o the_o whole_a hereof_o relate_v to_o a_o writ_n of_o recovery_n for_o default_n or_o nonpayment_n of_o gafol_n or_o gable_n or_o rent_n the_o word_n gavelet_n which_o be_v nothing_o but_o the_o let_v hindrance_n or_o withhold_a of_o gavel_n gable_n or_o rent_n which_o writ_n run_v in_o london_n as_o well_o as_o in_o kent_n and_o all_o of_o it_o nothing_o to_o our_o tenure_n in_o question_n to_o the_o same_o purpose_n be_v that_o which_o mr._n s._n urge_v in_o his_o 12_o page_n where_o he_o give_v a_o learned_a exposition_n which_o serve_v for_o a_o fortification_n as_o well_o as_o a_o explanation_n upon_o the_o word_n gafol_n which_o he_o describe_v vary_v in_o the_o dialect_n saxonic_fw-la testament_n saxonic_fw-la be_v write_v gafol_n gavel_n gaful_a and_o gafel_v and_o show_v how_o it_o pass_v in_o matth._n 17._o verse_n 24_o &_o 2_o and_o cap._n 22._o vers_fw-la 17_o &_o 19_o to_o signify_v tribute_n which_o i_o think_v may_v prove_v a_o acceptation_n thereof_o natural_o enough_o and_o in_o matth._n 25._o vers_fw-la 27._o it_o serve_v to_o express_v advantage_n or_o usury_n and_o in_o king_n withred_n law_n of_o sr._n henry_n spelmans_fw-mi edition_n of_o his_o ancient_a council_n it_o be_v expound_v to_o we_o by_o what_o it_o be_v common_o receive_v redditus_fw-la vel_fw-la persio_fw-la and_o mr._n selden_n in_o his_o note_n upon_o eadmerus_n render_v geÆ¿â—â—ic_a gaful_a to_o signify_v solitus_fw-la census_fw-la the_o wont_a or_o usual_a payment_n or_o rent_n but_o mr._n s._n conclude_v thus_o to_o be_v short_a say_v he_o gafol_n be_v a_o word_n which_o as_o gablum_fw-la in_o domesdey_n book_n the_o skilful_a in_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n with_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n else_o where_o turn_v by_o what_o gabella_n be_v expound_v abroad_o viz._n vectigal_a portorium_fw-la tributum_fw-la exactio_fw-la census_fw-la etc._n etc._n in_o latin_a but_o in_o english_a with_o verstegan_n tribute_n tax_n or_o custom_n whereunto_o mr._n lambard_n and_o sir_n edward_n coke_n agree_v upon_o which_o and_o to_o all_o mr._n s._n crave_v leave_v to_o add_v rend_v which_o i_o shall_v not_o in_o any_o wise_a deny_v he_o provide_v as_o i_o say_v before_o he_o will_v be_v content_v with_o that_o exposition_n to_o signify_v rend_v and_o not_o go_v about_o for_o the_o sound_a sake_n to_o impose_v it_o on_o the_o tenure_n for_o in_o this_o i_o will_v beg_v a_o information_n or_o rather_o satisfaction_n whether_o gavelkind-land_n may_v not_o be_v and_o be_v not_o hold_v without_o rent_n which_o if_o it_o be_v find_v to_o be_v as_o i_o know_v it_o be_v general_o use_v in_o urchenfield_n and_o perhaps_o in_o other_o place_n also_o then_o do_v it_o destroy_v the_o very_a nature_n of_o the_o etymologye_n but_o with_o this_o part_n upon_o the_o mistake_n of_o the_o word_n gavel_n in_o those_o compound_v mention_v i_o have_v speak_v sufficient_o and_o further_o i_o will_v not_o trouble_v the_o reader_n patience_n about_o it_o in_o the_o next_o place_n here_o be_v chap._n x._o several_a deed_n cite_v by_o mr._n s._n that_o have_v their_o tenenda_n ad_fw-la gavilikendam_fw-la examine_v and_o expound_v i_o be_o constrain_v to_o run_v over_o the_o examination_n of_o several_a deed_n produce_v in_o transcript_n by_o mr._n s._n and_o have_v finish_v the_o discourse_n of_o the_o word_n single_n and_o in_o composition_n i_o be_o come_v to_o experiment_n the_o trial_n of_o it_o in_o the_o term_n proper_a with_o its_o affix_v of_o which_o mr._n s._n say_v pag._n 38._o thus_o for_o example_n in_o a_o number_n of_o deed_n and_o conveyance_n which_o i_o have_v see_v record_v in_o the_o leiger-book_n of_o the_o cathedral_n at_o canterbury_n and_z st._n augustine_n late_a abbey_n there_o phrased_a all_o of_o they_o after_o this_o manner_n tenendum_fw-la ad_fw-la or_o in_o gavelikendam_fw-la etc._n etc._n i_o presume_v he_o have_v cite_v the_o principall_a of_o they_o and_o if_o so_o then_o i_o assure_v you_o i_o be_o not_o stumble_v at_o any_o of_o they_o and_o first_o 39_o pag._n 39_o for_o that_o deed_n of_o the_o son_n of_o wibaldus_n who_o do_v grant_v infirmis_fw-la de_fw-la herbaldune_fw-la unam_fw-la acram_fw-la &_o dimidiam_fw-la terrae_fw-la scil_n langenekre_n cum_fw-la fratre_fw-la svo_fw-la wiberto_n infirmo_fw-la in_o perpetuam_fw-la eleemâ—synam_n and_o to_o gavelkynd_n reddendo_fw-la sibi_fw-la dvos_fw-la denarios_fw-la etc._n etc._n mr._n s._n right_o collect_v from_o the_o mould_n and_o cast_v of_o that_o deed_n the_o bind_n of_o the_o heir_n in_o relation_n to_o their_o gift_n for_o these_o son_n of_o wibaldus_n and_o their_o son_n and_o heir_n and_o their_o daughter_n do_v all_o join_v in_o the_o alienation_n of_o this_o acre_n and_o a_o half_a to_o herbaldune_v hospital_n i_o will_v not_o trouble_v myself_o about_o the_o deed_n to_o quarrel_v at_o their_o scrivener_n who_o seldom_o find_v dimidiam_fw-la write_v for_o dimidium_fw-la or_o believe_v that_o he_o may_v in_o his_o intermixture_n of_o and_o to_o gavelkynd_n make_v a_o ignorant_a coherence_n we_o will_v grant_v it_o all_o right_a and_o straight_o and_o take_v along_o with_o we_o what_o mr._n s._n say_v pag._n 51._o that_o such_o a_o expression_n as_o tenendum_fw-la in_fw-la or_o ad_fw-la gavelkynd_n or_o the_o like_a be_v necessary_a to_o render_v the_o grant_v land_n partible_a after_o the_o custom_n of_o gavelkind_n without_o the_o help_n of_o prescription_n requisite_a in_o partible_a land_n else_o where_o out_o of_o kent_n and_o hereupon_o refer_v to_o the_o plead_n of_o burga_n the_o wife_n of_o peter_n the_o bend_v put_v down_o and_o publish_v in_o the_o appendix_n to_o his_o book_n script_n 5._o but_o the_o first_o he_o will_v have_v to_o be_v a_o gift_n or_o grant_n in_o perpetuam_fw-la but_o not_o in_o puram_fw-la eleemosynam_fw-la there_o be_v no_o more_o than_o perpetuam_fw-la which_o whether_o it_o be_v or_o not_o be_v nothing_o to_o our_o purpose_n but_o the_o reddendum_fw-la as_o well_o as_o the_o tenendum_fw-la in_o that_o deed_n have_v somewhat_o not_o familiar_a for_o it_o be_v say_v there_o reddendo_fw-la sibi_fw-la dvos_fw-la denarios_fw-la etc._n etc._n which_o sibi_fw-la have_v relation_n to_o wiberto_n infirmo_fw-la the_o last_o immediate_o before_o mention_v rather_o than_o to_o any_o other_o in_o that_o deed_n for_o all_o other_o person_n therein_o comprehend_v be_v by_o double_n as_o nos_fw-la filios_fw-la wibaldi_n herbwinum_fw-la &_o eilwardum_fw-la haeredes_fw-la suos_fw-la thomam_fw-la &_o paganum_fw-la with_o this_o also_o hoc_fw-la concedunt_fw-la filiae_fw-la suae_fw-la basilia_n &_o
be_v have_v to_o the_o condition_n and_o quality_n of_o the_o land_n in_o say_v 374._o say_v pag._n 374._o sicut_fw-la de_fw-fr gavelkynd_n vel_fw-la alibi_fw-la ubi_fw-la terra_fw-la partibilis_fw-la est_fw-la ratione_fw-la terrae_fw-la then_o will_v i_o be_v inform_v what_o they_o mean_v by_o this_o ratione_fw-la terrae_fw-la for_o if_o the_o ratio_fw-la rei_fw-la signify_v the_o tenure_n than_o the_o ratio_fw-la terrae_fw-la shall_v have_v relation_n to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o soil_n for_o sure_a it_o can_v have_v relation_n to_o the_o distance_n or_o difference_n by_o the_o celestial_a degree_n i_o can_v i_o confess_v apprehend_v the_o nicety_n of_o the_o distinction_n and_o therefore_o pass_v to_o that_o which_o mr._n 44._o mr._n pag._n 44._o s._n say_v that_o that_o property_n alone_o of_o the_o land_n be_v gavelkynd_n or_o so_o call_v do_v not_o suffice_v to_o render_v it_o partible_n if_o the_o question_n be_v so_o far_o obtain_v and_o grant_v that_o gavel-kind_n signify_v natura_fw-la redditus_fw-la and_o that_o that_o be_v the_o genuine_a etymology_n thereof_o then_o must_v it_o be_v true_a and_o concede_v but_o on_o the_o contrary_a i_o know_v much_o gavelkynd_n land_n that_o be_v not_o subject_v to_o rent_n how_o will_v it_o then_o answer_v the_o tenor_n derivation_n and_o signification_n whereas_o in_o this_o exposition_n of_o the_o â—erm_n that_o i_o have_v give_v viz._n tenura_n progenici_fw-la aut_fw-la familias_fw-la division_n significant_o reside_v in_o its_o name_n and_o nature_n i_o be_o sure_a the_o inference_n be_v so_o strong_a that_o where_o there_o be_v gavelkynd_n there_o be_v partition_n and_o it_o may_v as_o proper_o be_v say_v that_o the_o tenure_n of_o burgh-english_a by_o the_o intrinsical_a value_v of_o its_o name_n do_v not_o import_n the_o young_a son_n shall_v inherit_v the_o land_n as_o that_o gavelkind_a do_v not_o infer_v a_o regular_a participation_n upon_o partition_n by_o the_o parcener_n which_o to_o strengthen_v it_o the_o more_o be_v now_o become_v a_o ancient_a custom_n and_o this_o sir_n 165._o sir_n lib._n 2._o sect._n 165._o edward_n coke_n say_v be_v one_o of_o the_o main_a triangle_n of_o the_o law_n of_o england_n these_o law_n be_v divide_v into_o common-law_n statute-law_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o last_o of_o which_o he_o add_v out_o of_o bracton_n that_o consuetudo_fw-la quandoque_fw-la pro_fw-la lege_fw-la servatur_fw-la in_fw-la partibus_fw-la ubi_fw-la fuerit_fw-la more_fw-it utentium_fw-la approbata_fw-la &_o vicem_fw-la leg_n be_v obtinet_fw-la long_o ae_z vi_fw-la enim_fw-la tempor_fw-la be_v usus_fw-la &_o consuetudinis_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la vilis_fw-la autoritas_fw-la long_fw-mi possessio_fw-la sicut_fw-la ejus_fw-la parit_fw-la jus_o possidendi_fw-la &_o tollit_fw-la actionem_fw-la vero_fw-la domino_fw-la so_o that_o its_o continuance_n for_o so_o long_a a_o time_n to_o be_v a_o custom_n give_v it_o a_o privilege_n without_o any_o impropriety_n of_o speech_n to_o be_v call_v a_o law_n notwithstanding_o the_o several_a usage_n in_o this_o tenure_n and_o although_o mr._n s._n seem_v startle_v at_o what_o be_v before_o cite_v out_o of_o bracton_n sicut_fw-la de_fw-fr gavelkynd_n well_fw-mi alibi_n ubi_fw-la terra_fw-la est_fw-la partibilis_fw-la etc._n etc._n there_o be_v no_o reason_n that_o this_o alibi_n shall_v so_o offend_v he_o as_o to_o call_v it_o a_o improper_a expression_n for_o i_o believe_v there_o be_v scarce_o a_o county_n in_o england_n but_o have_v this_o tenure_n more_o or_o less_o beside_o what_o place_n i_o have_v already_o cite_v in_o this_o discourse_n i_o know_v there_o be_v much_o in_o shropshire_n yet_o take_v one_o more_o upon_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o the_o county_n of_o norfolk_n which_o be_v thus_o record_v in_o the_o chamberlain_n office_n of_o the_o exchequer_n placita_fw-la coram_fw-la rege_fw-la anno_fw-la 20._o edw._n 3._o term._n hillar_n norfol._n 97._o asss._n in_o qua_fw-la johs_n buxkyn_n chr_n profert_fw-la scriptum_fw-la relaxationis_fw-la johis_fw-la de_fw-la pickering_n &_o willielmi_n fratris_fw-la ejus_fw-la gallicè_fw-la factum_fw-la de_fw-la medietat_fw-la vi_fw-la mess_n etc._n etc._n &_o iiii_o tercellorum_fw-la in_o clipesby_n billokby_n etc._n etc._n in_o hoc_fw-la placito_fw-la patet_fw-la quod_fw-la tenementa_fw-la quae_fw-la sunt_fw-la de_fw-la feodo_fw-la de_fw-fr pickering_n sunt_fw-la partibilia_fw-la inter_fw-la masculos_fw-la so_o that_o turn_n into_o what_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n you_o please_v i_o believe_v you_o will_v find_v gavel-kind_n but_o mr._n s._n proceed_v by_o way_n of_o wonder_n say_v we_o be_v tell_v that_o this_o custom_n of_o gavelkynd_n partition_n take_v place_n have_v do_v at_o least_o in_o other_o county_n and_o sir_n edward_n coke_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n have_v lapse_v into_o the_o like_a misapprehension_n for_o upon_o these_o word_n of_o littleton_n en_fw-fr le_fw-fr county_n de_fw-fr kent_n he_o make_v this_o note_n for_o that_o say_v he_o in_o no_o county_n of_o england_n land_n at_o this_o day_n be_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o gavel-kind_n of_o common_a right_n save_v in_o kent_n only_o but_o yet_o he_o present_o add_v in_o divers_a part_n of_o england_n within_z divers_z manor_n and_o signory_n the_o like_a custom_n be_v in_o force_n for_o my_o part_n i_o must_v acknowledge_v i_o be_o to_o seek_v as_o to_o the_o neatness_n of_o the_o distinction_n first_o saying_n that_o no_o county_n of_o england_n have_v land_n it_o be_v not_o say_v all_o the_o land_n of_o the_o county_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o gavel-kind_n of_o common_a right_n and_o yet_o that_o in_o divers_a part_n of_o england_n within_z divers_z manor_n and_o signory_n the_o like_a custom_n be_v in_o force_n if_o the_o salvo_n lie_v in_o this_o word_n viz._n of_o common_a right_n i_o will_v willing_o be_v satisfy_v whether_o land_n in_o gavel-kind_n do_v not_o pass_v both_o according_a to_o common_a right_n as_o well_o as_o common_a law_n certain_a it_o be_v that_o the_o common_a law_n of_o that_o county_n hundred_o or_o seignory_n where_o gavelkynd_n be_v in_o force_n make_v the_o child_n participant_n of_o that_o land_n by_o common_a right_n and_o it_o be_v the_o common_a law_n by_o which_o that_o common_a right_n be_v or_o can_v be_v claim_v in_o page_n 53._o and_o 54._o mr._n s._n speak_v of_o what_o littleton_n instance_v in_o north-wales_n that_o this_o custom_n of_o gavel-kind_n partition_n take_v place_n beside_o kent_n he_o introduce_v it_o from_o that_o authority_n not_o as_o his_o faith_n and_o belief_n but_o with_o a_o we_o be_v tell_v but_o let_v not_o the_o scruple_n be_v so_o great_a when_o i_o declare_v what_o before_o i_o have_v show_v that_o it_o be_v in_o south-wales_n as_o well_o as_o north-wales_n and_o in_o other_o place_n as_o well_o as_o there_o but_o then_o he_o proceed_v to_o question_v thus_o what_o custom_n i_o pray_v if_o you_o inquire_v of_o littleton_n he_o will_v tell_v you_o it_o be_v the_o custom_n of_o gavelkind_a partition_n or_o inquire_v of_o the_o customer_n you_o will_v find_v they_o no_o stranger_n to_o the_o denomination_n of_o gavel_n and_o the_o word_n in_o use_n among_o they_o even_o to_o express_v the_o tenure_n littleton_n word_n be_v these_o auxy_n tiel_n custom_n est_fw-fr en_fw-fr autres_fw-fr lieux_fw-fr dengleterr_v &_o auxy_n tiel_n custom_n est_fw-fr en_fw-fr north-gale_n etc._n etc._n which_o be_v as_o much_o as_o to_o say_v also_o such_o custom_n he_o write_v of_o parcener_n by_o custom_n which_o be_v gavel-kind_n there_o be_v in_o other_o place_n of_o england_n and_o also_o such_o custom_n be_v in_o north-wales_n etc._n etc._n and_o the_o like_a custom_n as_o our_o author_n mention_n to_o be_v in_o north-wales_n he_o say_v be_v also_o in_o ireland_n for_o there_o he_o add_v the_o land_n also_o which_o be_v one_o mark_v of_o the_o ancient_a briton_n mark_v this_o be_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o gavel-kind_n for_o that_o by_o their_o brehon-law_n the_o bastard_n inherit_v with_o their_o legitimate_a son_n but_o as_o to_o the_o bastard_n that_o custom_n be_v abolish_v agree_v with_o littleton_n in_o this_o point_n see_v a_o old_a statute_n aliter_fw-la usitatum_fw-la est_fw-la in_o wallia_fw-la quam_fw-la in_o anglia_fw-it quo_fw-la ad_fw-la successionem_fw-la haereditatis_fw-la eo_fw-la quod_fw-la haereditas_fw-la partibilis_fw-la est_fw-la inter_fw-la haeredes_fw-la maseulos_fw-la à _fw-la tempore_fw-la cujus_fw-la non_fw-la extitit_fw-la memoria_fw-la partibilis_fw-la extitit_fw-la dominus_fw-la rex_fw-la non_fw-la vult_fw-la quod_fw-la consuetudo_fw-la illa_fw-la abrogetur_fw-la sed_fw-la quod_fw-la haereditates_fw-la remaneant_fw-la partibiles_fw-la inter_fw-la consimiles_fw-la haeredes_fw-la sicut_fw-la fieri_fw-la consuevit_fw-la &_o fiat_fw-la partitio_fw-la illius_fw-la sicut_fw-la fieri_fw-la consuevit_fw-la to_o that_o which_o sir_n edward_n coke_n wonder_v at_o which_o be_v the_o participation_n of_o bastard_n by_o the_o brehon-law_n in_o the_o land_n that_o be_v partible_a i_o have_v already_o show_v it_o be_v a_o law_n or_o a_o custom_n among_o the_o britain_n but_o sir_n edward_n conclude_v that_o gavelkynd_n custom_n in_o ireland_n be_v
order_v their_o own_o land_n and_o tenement_n one_o part_n they_o keep_v in_o their_o own_o hand_n and_o in_o they_o stately_a house_n and_o castle_n be_v erect_v and_o make_v for_o their_o habitation_n and_o defence_n of_o their_o person_n and_o the_o realm_n also_o forest_n and_o park_n be_v make_v there_o for_o the_o pleasure_n solace_n and_o delight_n some_o be_v of_o a_o round_a building_n of_o stone_n for_o the_o most_o part_n build_v upon_o a_o round_a pile_n of_o earth_n either_o natural_a but_o most_o common_o cast_v up_o by_o man_n industry_n other_o upon_o a_o small_a rise_n or_o a_o plain_a ground_n seldom_o more_o capacious_a than_o to_o receive_v about_o twenty_o or_o thirty_o man_n and_o be_v make_v rather_o to_o preserve_v the_o person_n and_o good_n of_o the_o owner_n and_o his_o servant_n and_o tenant_n than_o to_o endure_v a_o long_a siege_n of_o which_o sort_n there_o be_v many_o in_o ireland_n because_o of_o their_o ancient_a intestine_a feud_n but_o more_o upon_o the_o english_a and_o scotish_n border_n many_o of_o which_o i_o have_v see_v but_o with_o this_o difference_n as_o i_o say_v before_o that_o those_o the_o english_a do_v ancient_o build_v be_v round_o and_o these_o for_o the_o most_o part_n square_v with_o one_o round_a tower_n at_o one_o of_o the_o angle_n both_o sort_n of_o which_o be_v ancient_o call_v fortalice_n and_o seldom_o make_v use_n of_o for_o habitation_n because_o i_o find_v their_o mean_a dwell_v house_n be_v make_v common_o under_o it_o or_o very_o near_o adjoin_v to_o it_o and_o i_o discern_v a_o difference_n make_v betwixt_o those_o for_o habitation_n and_o those_o i_o speak_v of_o that_o be_v only_o for_o a_o safeguard_n against_o sudden_a inroad_n and_o incursion_n for_o in_o domesdey_n book_n in_o the_o survey_n of_o erdisley_n in_o herefordshire_n it_o be_v there_o record_v that_o ibi_fw-la est_fw-la domus_fw-la defensabilis_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v there_o be_v a_o dwell_a house_n fortify_v which_o be_v now_o call_v the_o castle_n of_o erdisley_n and_o be_v build_v because_o of_o its_o vicinity_n to_o the_o welsh_a border_n and_o be_v intend_v by_o that_o denomination_n to_o signify_v more_o than_o one_o of_o those_o small_a casty_n or_o fortalice_n i_o late_o speak_v of_o these_o be_v the_o strength_n and_o fortification_n of_o those_o time_n most_o frequent_o in_o use_n i_o come_v last_o to_o speak_v of_o their_o building_n in_o which_o there_o be_v something_o of_o a_o advantageous_a or_o at_o least_o a_o honourable_a change_n by_o the_o difference_n that_o be_v in_o the_o mode_n of_o they_o i_o must_v confess_v the_o norman_a manner_n be_v very_o noble_a and_o magnificent_a which_o by_o their_o church_n may_v be_v observe_v for_o the_o saxon_n make_v they_o with_o descent_n into_o they_o the_o norman_n with_o ascent_n the_o first_o make_v their_o light_n small_a and_o mean_a the_o second_o make_v they_o high_a and_o large_a these_o make_v their_o arch_n stately_a with_o height_n proportionable_a the_o other_o have_v their_o arch_n and_o cover_n low_a and_o make_v their_o wall_n of_o so_o great_a a_o thickness_n that_o they_o be_v a_o great_a damage_n and_o impediment_n to_o the_o pleasure_n of_o their_o light_n when_o the_o norman_n make_v use_v of_o no_o great_a thickness_n or_o breadth_n in_o their_o wall_n than_o will_v but_o well_o serve_v to_o bear_v their_o height_n and_o cover_v in_o the_o ancient_a form_n of_o the_o saxon_n before_o mention_v i_o have_v observe_v several_a church_n and_o piece_n of_o other_o architecture_n their_o entrance_n especial_o in_o their_o west-end_n by_o descent_n inward_o with_o arch_n form_v to_o correspond_v with_o those_o gradual_a declension_n and_o step_n all_o which_o shorten_v towards_o the_o great_a door_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o stair_n over_o which_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v a_o finish_n of_o a_o semicircular_a piece_n of_o gothick_n work_n and_o together_o make_v a_o kind_n of_o a_o artificial_a perspective_n i_o have_v hitherto_o endeavour_v in_o this_o tract_n to_o make_v it_o appear_v that_o for_o the_o space_n of_o 1700._o year_n past_a we_o receive_v no_o considerable_a mutation_n or_o alteration_n in_o our_o law_n and_o custom_n that_o this_o our_o tenure_n the_o subject_n of_o our_o present_a discourse_n have_v have_v the_o fortune_n to_o continue_v here_o from_o our_o british_n aborigines_fw-la the_o first_o planter_n of_o our_o isle_n through_o those_o several_a change_n and_o revolution_n of_o affair_n and_o government_n that_o have_v happen_v to_o it_o since_o that_o time_n and_o although_o in_o this_o discourse_n precede_v i_o may_v be_v think_v to_o have_v walk_v a_o little_a beside_o the_o path_n yet_o i_o be_o persuade_v i_o have_v not_o miss_v the_o way_n but_o keep_v and_o preserve_v the_o goal_n in_o my_o eye_n those_o alteration_n that_o be_v now_o find_v as_o to_o the_o general_a usage_n of_o this_o tenure_n which_o be_v the_o supereminent_a custom_n of_o this_o nation_n proceed_v not_o at_o all_o from_o any_o enforcement_n or_o coercion_n by_o reason_n of_o any_o of_o these_o forementioned_a intrusion_n or_o conquest_n but_o clear_o by_o the_o consent_n and_o desire_v of_o the_o proprietor_n and_o person_n therein_o concern_v for_o in_o the_o county_n of_o kent_n where_o mr._n s._n say_v this_o tenure_n do_v general_o overspread_v there_o i_o say_v in_o the_o time_n of_o hen._n 8._o several_a lordship_n be_v discharge_v of_o this_o tenure_n by_o act_n of_o parliament_n i_o have_v not_o all_o this_o while_n plead_v for_o the_o settlement_n or_o goodness_n of_o the_o tenure_n to_o be_v use_v in_o this_o age_n where_o land_n be_v well_o people_v and_o full_o inhabit_a for_o it_o will_v be_v the_o destruction_n both_o of_o land_n and_o lineage_n but_o my_o business_n have_v be_v to_o inquire_v into_o the_o state_n of_o the_o question_n the_o true_a original_a etymology_n and_o use_v thereof_o the_o people_n of_o england_n by_o degree_n have_v inextricate_v themselves_o from_o much_o servitude_n in_o their_o custom_n and_o be_v now_o instate_v into_o a_o great_a privilege_n of_o liberty_n and_o more_o particular_o from_o those_o heavy_a pressure_n of_o villeinage_n the_o slavery_n of_o which_o custom_n have_v receive_v its_o death_n wound_n in_o favorem_fw-la libertatis_fw-la for_o sir_n edward_n coke_n out_o of_o fortescue_n have_v this_o note_n impius_fw-la &_o crudelis_fw-la judicandus_fw-la qui_fw-la libertati_fw-la non_fw-la tavet_fw-la and_o give_v this_o as_o the_o reason_n of_o it_o angliae_fw-la jura_fw-la in_o omni_fw-la casu_fw-la daunt_v favorem_fw-la libertati_fw-la the_o sense_n of_o liberty_n be_v of_o so_o great_a force_n and_o power_n and_o the_o favour_n due_a unto_o it_o according_a to_o law_n and_o right_n of_o so_o great_a respect_n that_o those_o and_o the_o like_a pressure_n have_v receive_v change_n and_o alteration_n and_o by_o the_o same_o power_n and_o equity_n join_v with_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o proprietor_n it_o be_v so_o come_v to_o pass_v also_o that_o this_o our_o gavelkind_n in_o most_o place_n of_o england_n be_v turn_v into_o the_o preference_n of_o primogeniture_n for_o the_o preservation_n of_o house_n and_o land_n the_o next_o chapter_n shall_v inquire_v though_o it_o seem_v to_o return_v far_o back_o whether_o we_o have_v any_o ground_n to_o believe_v that_o the_o chap._n v._n trojan_z britain_n use_v the_o tenure_n of_o partition_n i_o can_v not_o pass_v by_o without_o take_v notice_n of_o a_o marginal_a question_n that_o mr._n s._n make_v in_o pag._n 54._o and_o it_o be_v this_o by_o the_o way_n say_v he_o how_o do_v our_o britain_n claim_n descent_n from_o the_o trojan_n sith_o with_o they_o the_o elder_a son_n by_o prerogative_n of_o primogeniture_n monopolise_v the_o whole_a inheritance_n i_o know_v not_o what_o author_n mr._n s._n have_v meet_v with_o that_o he_o affirm_v so_o positive_o with_o our_o britain_n the_o elder_a son_n do_v monopolise_v all_o if_o he_o sith_o with_o they_o relate_v to_o the_o trojan_n i_o have_v nothing_o then_o leave_v to_o answer_v to_o it_o nor_o do_v i_o think_v it_o worth_a the_o while_n to_o concern_v myself_o therein_o believe_v that_o neither_o dare_v phrygius_n nor_o dictys_n cretensis_n nor_o homer_n nor_o any_o other_o pretend_v trojan_a writer_n do_v intermeddle_v in_o the_o relation_n of_o descent_n but_o i_o be_o persuade_v it_o must_v have_v reference_n to_o the_o britain_n and_o that_o to_o they_o it_o be_v that_o he_o say_v sith_o with_o they_o the_o elder_a son_n monopolize_v etc._n etc._n and_o notwithstanding_o i_o have_v some_o inducement_n to_o believe_v that_o mr._n s._n ask_v the_o question_n how_o our_o britain_n claim_n descent_n from_o the_o trojan_n in_o merriment_n and_o jest_n yet_o in_o their_o defence_n to_o that_o very_a question_n there_o may_v so_o much_o be_v say_v which_o will_v carry_v a_o great_a probability_n than_o any_o
name_v lloigria_n or_o lloiger_n now_o difference_v from_o the_o other_o part_n by_o the_o name_n of_o england_n saison_n that_o be_v to_o say_v saxon_n who_o together_o with_o the_o jute_n a_o three_o sort_n of_o provincial_n that_o assist_v in_o the_o conquest_n of_o this_o part_n of_o brytanny_n be_v now_o under_o the_o single_a title_n of_o englishman_n these_o twmri_n also_o call_v the_o speech_n general_o speak_v in_o england_n saisnaeg_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o saxon_a tongue_n somewhat_o doubtless_o there_o be_v of_o extraordinary_a reason_n in_o these_o name_n of_o distinction_n and_o difference_n of_o cambria_n loigria_n and_o albania_n in_o case_n we_o can_v recover_v it_o but_o i_o be_o afraid_a the_o truth_n in_o this_o point_n be_v lose_v for_o the_o denomination_n of_o place_n from_o the_o name_n of_o man_n as_o it_o be_v a_o old_a and_o fond_a conceit_n so_o i_o think_v it_o a_o ill_a one_o enquiry_n one_o as_o itis_fw-la remark_v by_o sir_n j._n b._n and_o may_v be_v worth_a the_o enquiry_n and_o for_o my_o part_n i_o have_v rather_o believe_v that_o brytannia_n be_v derive_v from_o the_o greek_a word_n bryton_n which_o signify_v vinum_fw-la hordeaceum_fw-la that_o british_a ale_n a_o drink_n how_o con-natural_a and_o ancient_o peculiar_a to_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o island_n will_v be_v now_o needless_a to_o discourse_n than_o that_o london_n be_v the_o refine_a issue_n of_o ludstown_n or_o england_n of_o hengists-land_n or_o scotland_n from_o one_o captain_n scoto_n but_o this_o ancient_a triplicite_a division_n whether_o the_o effect_n of_o brutus_n partition_n or_o no_o i_o will_v not_o maintain_v yet_o it_o be_v record_v by_o the_o same_o pen_n as_o give_v we_o our_o history_n of_o trojanism_n and_o may_v serve_v very_o well_o in_o answer_n to_o mr._n s_n jocular_a question_n since_o his_o question_n be_v a_o question_n take_v for_o grant_v neither_o will_v i_o aver_v or_o much_o insist_v upon_o that_o action_n of_o constantine_n the_o great_a who_o being_n brytain_n and_o so_o probable_o experience_v in_o the_o british_a custom_n that_o he_o upon_o this_o ground_n or_o custom_n of_o partition_n use_v among_o the_o britain_n his_o countryman_n do_v divide_v the_o then_o entire_a roman_a empire_n between_o his_o two_o son_n by_o he_o i_o say_v this_o division_n and_o partition_n be_v make_v be_v the_o reason_n or_o ground_n of_o it_o what_o they_o will_v and_o upon_o this_o division_n be_v difference_v and_o distinguish_v by_o the_o appellation_n of_o the_o eastern_a and_o western_a empire_n which_o afterward_o again_o return_v into_o a_o single_a person_n come_v to_o theodosius_n who_o 1._o who_o procop._n belgiosa_n vandalic_a l._n 1._o c._n 1._o procopius_n call_v a_o most_o just_a prince_n and_o a_o great_a soldier_n he_o have_v two_o son_n who_o after_o his_o death_n succeed_v in_o the_o empire_n arcadius_n the_o elder_a in_o the_o eastern_a and_o honorius_n in_o the_o western_a empire_n which_o be_v say_v 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tract_n will_v help_v to_o clear_v the_o contrary_a as_o in_o particular_a where_o he_o testify_v pag._n 48._o that_o socage_n land_n in_o general_n and_o by_o the_o nature_n of_o it_o be_v capable_a of_o partition_n and_o by_o custom_n may_v be_v and_o in_o many_o place_n extra_fw-la cantium_n be_v partible_a now_o so_o it_o be_v that_o there_o be_v no_o county_n in_o england_n but_o have_v land_n hold_v in_o socage_n tenure_n and_o upon_o that_o reason_n be_v capable_a of_o partition_n but_o more_o especial_o in_o wales_n where_o the_o word_n be_v in_o use_n among_o they_o and_o more_o to_o a_o just_a and_o proper_a signification_n than_o in_o any_o other_o place_n or_o by_o any_o other_o language_n as_o i_o shall_v show_v anon_o but_o mr._n s._n from_o its_o very_a denomination_n under_o the_o notion_n of_o it_o i_o mean_v will_v persuade_v we_o to_o a_o belief_n of_o its_o singularity_n in_o kent_n which_o i_o can_v admit_v for_o notwithstanding_o he_o have_v not_o find_v any_o 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coemeterium_fw-la vel_fw-la aream_fw-la templi_fw-la let_v it_o be_v either_o church_n or_o church-yard_n it_o do_v intimate_v a_o religious_a dedication_n and_o notwithstanding_o there_o be_v at_o this_o day_n many_o place_n that_o have_v the_o praefix_v of_o llan_n unto_o they_o where_o no_o church_n be_v to_o be_v find_v yet_o if_o search_v into_o and_o trace_v to_o their_o foundation_n will_v discover_v some_o such_o appropriation_n and_o intendment_n so_o i_o find_v in_o the_o forem_fw-la ntion_v region_n of_o urchenfield_n a_o certain_a parish_n call_v hen-ilan_a common_o hentland_n which_o in_o the_o english_a tongue_n signify_v the_o old-church_n and_o in_o certain_a pasture_n belong_v to_o a_o farm_n in_o that_o parish_n there_o be_v a_o place_n which_o to_o this_o day_n be_v call_v llanfrawtwr_n which_o be_v as_o much_o as_o to_o say_v the_o church_n or_o convent_n of_o the_o brethren_n the_o site_n whereof_o be_v upon_o a_o small_a hill_n not_o half_o a_o mile_n distant_a
the_o name_n but_o what_o refer_v to_o the_o tenure_n of_o partition_n the_o britain_n enjoy_v that_o part_n of_o wales_n in_o the_o saxon_a government_n and_o have_v not_o any_o fix_a impression_n upon_o they_o by_o any_o before_o the_o norman_n who_o over_o this_o county_n at_o last_o stretch_v their_o victorious_a arm_n after_o many_o various_a success_n on_o both_o part_n and_o stout_a defence_n make_v by_o the_o welsh_a for_o their_o land_n and_o propriety_n enjoy_v it_o partly_o by_o force_n and_o partly_o by_o composition_n and_o agreement_n as_o the_o private_a family_n history_n do_v manifest_a which_o i_o have_v see_v for_o there_o be_v several_a â—_z of_o the_o great_a note_n in_o that_o country_n that_o be_v able_a to_o produce_v testimony_n of_o enjoy_v their_o land_n and_o birth_n in_o that_o circuit_n of_o land_n for_o shire_n and_o country_n be_v not_o of_o a_o welsh_a institution_n before_o the_o norman_a conquest_n so_o that_o by_o this_o it_o be_v probable_a they_o do_v not_o subvert_v all_o neither_o be_v they_o in_o quire_n about_o abergavenny_n after_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n fitz_n empress_n gyraldus_n cambrensis_fw-la relate_v a_o series_n of_o their_o action_n in_o those_o part_n but_o to_o leave_v these_o story_n i_o think_v it_o least_o of_o all_o probable_a that_o the_o norman_n will_v borrow_v a_o kentish_a word_n to_o denominate_v any_o thing_n to_o their_o british_a tenant_n or_o plant_v it_o there_o as_o a_o kentish_a custom_n see_v in_o case_n the_o derivation_n according_a to_o mr_n s's_fw-fr opinion_n shall_v prove_v true_a this_o denomination_n be_v as_o much_o unknown_a to_o the_o norman_n themselves_o as_o possible_o it_o can_v be_v unto_o the_o britain_n and_o alike_o to_o both_o of_o they_o if_o the_o norman_n have_v find_v a_o necessity_n of_o make_v a_o intelligible_a expression_n and_o appellation_n of_o such_o a_o custom_n of_o partition_n certain_o i_o shall_v have_v meet_v among_o they_o with_o the_o roturier_n 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or_o commot_n which_o as_o i_o say_v before_o confisted_a of_o twelve_o manor_n or_o circuit_n and_o two_o township_n which_o two_o township_n be_v belong_v to_o the_o prince_n through_o out_o each_o commot_n in_o the_o principality_n of_o wales_n for_o in_o the_o person_n of_o this_o howel_n the_o territory_n of_o north-wales_n and_o south-wales_n be_v unite_v as_o himself_o in_o the_o authorens_n the_o m_o s._n penes_fw-la authorens_n prooemium_fw-la of_o his_o law_n do_v declare_v this_o gavel_n in_o the_o description_n aforesaid_a seem_v to_o be_v a_o large_a apportionment_n of_o land_n belong_v to_o a_o report_n a_o which_o by_o the_o irish_a be_v call_v canfimiy_n and_o be_v the_o chief_a of_o their_o gavel_n or_o rhin-taloon_a see_v davies_n his_o irish_a report_n pen-cennedl_a or_o chief_a of_o a_o family_n or_o clan_n and_o do_v per_fw-la eminentiam_fw-la signify_v the_o tenure_n that_o be_v to_o say_v their_o gavel_n this_o be_v only_o or_o at_o the_o least_o most_o notable_o know_v by_o they_o so_o that_o every_o pen-cennedl_a in_o his_o gavel_n have_v four_o rhandir_n that_o be_v sort_n or_o part_n hereditariae_fw-la ready_a divide_v and_o apportion_v for_o his_o cennedl_n or_o generation_n and_o not_o only_o so_o but_o also_o a_o sub-division_n of_o many_o tenement_n under_o the_o rhandir_n show_v perfect_o a_o gavel_n tenure_n or_o hold_v exact_o observe_v even_o in_o their_o general_a partition_n of_o land_n and_o this_o so_o ancient_a at_o least_o as_o the_o time_n when_o howel-dda_a collect_v these_o law_n which_o be_v about_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 942._o so_o that_o the_o true_a genuine_a signification_n of_o all_o be_v tota_n part_v hereditariae_fw-la in_o tenura_n that_o be_v each_o gavel_n or_o tenure_n do_v consist_v of_o so_o many_o rhandir_n or_o hereditary_a division_n ready_a part_v each_o of_o these_o tenor_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v so_o order_v as_o to_o admit_v of_o a_o division_n and_o if_o need_n be_v of_o sub-division_n also_o that_o so_o a_o township_n may_v the_o more_o apt_o be_v constitute_v for_o the_o execution_n of_o this_o common_a tenure_n and_o these_o so_o hold_v in_o or_o rather_o by_o their_o gafael_n be_v not_o only_o the_o ancient_a villati_fw-la or_o villani_n among_o the_o britain_n but_o also_o the_o gentry_n lord_n and_o prince_n himself_o be_v subject_a to_o it_o the_o use_n of_o the_o word_n viz._n gavel_n to_o a_o proper_a signification_n i_o have_v show_v and_o that_o also_o extra_n cantium_n to_o which_o county_n mr._n s._n do_v labour_n to_o monopolise_v it_o and_o the_o use_n thereof_o for_o several_a hundred_o of_o year_n past_a even_o at_o such_o a_o time_n when_o the_o correspondency_n in_o probability_n betwixt_o the_o britain_n and_o saxon_n be_v so_o small_a and_o the_o odium_n so_o great_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o unforgotten_a intrusion_n of_o the_o last_o that_o in_o that_o continue_a state_n of_o war_n it_o be_v not_o probable_a they_o will_v have_v accept_v of_o any_o saxon_a custom_n by_o a_o name_n so_o insignificant_a to_o the_o thing_n as_o ancient_o the_o etymology_n of_o it_o be_v receive_v or_o so_o little_a to_o the_o matter_n as_o mr._n s_n novel_a exposition_n will_v render_v it_o or_o to_o the_o rational_a use_n thereof_o but_o i_o have_v already_o show_v in_o the_o foregoing_a discourse_n in_o what_o sense_n the_o britain_n have_v receive_v it_o and_o also_o what_o doctor_n davies_n in_o his_o cambro-british_a dictionary_n which_o in_o my_o judgement_n be_v a_o elaborate_v and_o critical_a piece_n have_v say_v and_o exemplify_v thereupon_o for_o he_o it_o be_v that_o not_o only_o affirm_v gafaelu_n by_o english_a letter_n pronounce_v gavay_o to_o signify_v tenere_fw-la to_o hold_v as_o before_o i_o have_v say_v but_o also_o gafael_n by_o english_a letter_n speak_v gavel_n the_o word_n in_o controversy_n to_o be_v tenura_n a_o hold_n but_o for_o the_o statutum_n walliae_n which_o mr._n s._n discourse_v
board_n or_o table_n and_o cotarii_fw-la be_v cottager_n such_o as_o dwell_v in_o a_o cottage_n 1._o cottage_n anno_fw-la 4._o ed._n 1._o stat._n 1._o that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o house_n without_o land_n belong_v to_o it_o and_o come_v from_o the_o saxon_a word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o be_v the_o same_o with_o tugurium_fw-la and_o tectum_fw-la in_o latin_a a_o â—egendo_fw-la so_o as_o this_o be_v in_o signification_n a_o cover_n or_o shelter_n because_o those_o small_a habitation_n be_v only_o make_v to_o cover_v they_o from_o the_o sun_n and_o weather_n i_o be_o not_o ignorant_a of_o that_o great_a mistake_n the_o whole_a current_n of_o writer_n have_v run_v into_o those_o who_o work_n have_v be_v publish_v within_o these_o last_o 300_o year_n where_o they_o general_o endeavour_v to_o load_v all_o the_o indignity_n of_o tenor_n of_o servility_n and_o vassalage_n upon_o this_o norman_a change_n i_o deny_v not_o but_o that_o some_o be_v at_o that_o time_n introduce_v especial_o many_o jocular_a tenor_n which_o be_v the_o effect_n of_o private_a contract_n betwixt_o the_o lord_n and_o his_o tenant_n and_o not_o of_o any_o general_a concernment_n but_o hence_o i_o can_v yield_v to_o conclude_v that_o all_o tenor_n of_o servility_n be_v of_o their_o introduction_n mr._n s._n continue_v in_o his_o opinion_n in_o the_o 104_o page_n where_o he_o write_v that_o fee-simple_n fee-tayl_n fee-farm_n grand_a &_o petit_fw-fr serjeanty_n escuage_z burgage_n villeinage_n etc._n etc._n be_v all_o of_o the_o norman_a plantation_n and_o we_o by_o they_o say_v he_o at_o least_o since_o their_o conquest_n of_o we_o bring_v acquaint_v with_o they_o etc._n etc._n perhaps_o those_o compound_n may_v be_v the_o effect_n of_o the_o consultation_n of_o some_o of_o the_o king_n of_o the_o norman_a race_n but_o for_o the_o word_n fee_n minshew_n discourse_v very_o well_o upon_o it_o for_o say_v he_o our_o ancient_a lawyer_n either_o not_o observe_v from_o whence_o the_o word_n grow_v or_o at_o least_o not_o sufficient_o express_v their_o knowledge_n what_o it_o signify_v among_o they_o from_o who_o they_o take_v it_o feudum_fw-la whence_o the_o word_n fief_n or_o fee_n come_v signify_v in_o the_o german_a language_n 107._o language_n in_o like_a manner_n do_v mr._n s._n labour_n to_o deduce_v it_o from_o a_o saxon_a original_a p._n 107._o beneficium_fw-la cujus_fw-la nomine_fw-la opera_fw-la quaedam_fw-la gratiae_fw-la testificandae_fw-la causa_fw-la debentur_fw-la and_o our_o of_o hotoman_n say_v that_o by_o this_o name_n go_v all_o land_n and_o tenement_n that_o be_v hold_v by_o any_o acknowledgement_n of_o any_o superiority_n to_o any_o high_a lord_n so_o be_v all_o the_o land_n in_o england_n except_o the_o crown_n land_n hold_v that_o be_v of_o feudum_n or_o fee_n for_o he_o that_o can_v say_v most_o for_o his_o estute_n say_v but_o this_o seisitus_fw-la inde_fw-la in_o dominico_n meo_fw-la ut_fw-la de_fw-la seudo_fw-la which_o be_v i_o be_o seize_v of_o this_o or_o that_o land_n or_o tenement_n in_o my_o demain_fw-fr as_o of_o fee_n which_o be_v no_o more_o than_o if_o he_o shall_v say_v it_o be_v my_o demain_fw-fr or_o proper_a land_n after_o a_o sort_n because_o it_o be_v to_o i_o and_o my_o heir_n for_o ever_o yet_o not_o simple_o i_o because_o i_o hold_v it_o in_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o benefit_n from_o another_o and_o fee-tayl_n as_o distinguish_v be_v not_o a_o introduction_n of_o the_o norman_n for_o that_o minshew_n observe_v it_o to_o have_v its_o original_a from_o the_o statute_n of_o westm._n 2._o c._n 1._o which_o be_v make_v anno_fw-la 13._o edw._n 1._o the_o word_n feud_n be_v use_v familiar_o to_o this_o day_n in_o the_o high_a and_o low_a germanye_n for_o what_o concerus_a grand_a &_o petit_fw-fr serjeanty_n i_o believe_v the_o word_n to_o be_v french_a and_o so_o introduce_v by_o the_o norman_n to_o express_v those_o service_n that_o be_v due_a to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n before_o the_o conquest_n such_o service_n be_v reserve_v by_o the_o saxon_a king_n the_o service_n of_o escuage_z be_v before_o the_o norman_a conquest_n though_o not_o know_v by_o that_o name_n the_o like_a be_v of_o burgage_n which_o be_v no_o more_o than_o a_o yearly_a rent_n whereby_o man_n of_o city_n and_o burrows_n hold_v their_o land_n or_o tenement_n of_o the_o king_n or_o any_o other_o lord_n which_o be_v in_o use_n before_o the_o conquest_n concern_v villeinage_n mr._n s._n do_v cite_v out_o of_o mr._n lambards_n perambulation_n of_o kent_n in_o mepham_n under_o the_o term_n of_o agenes-land_n this_o as_o a_o very_a ancient_a passage_n which_o have_v be_v enough_o to_o have_v convince_v i_o that_o there_o have_v be_v villain_n before_o the_o norman_a conquest_n and_o it_o be_v this_o et_fw-la si_fw-la villanus_fw-la ita_fw-la crevisset_fw-la sva_fw-la probitate_fw-la quod_fw-la pleniter_fw-la haberet_fw-la quinque_fw-la hidas_fw-la de_fw-la svo_fw-la proprio_fw-la alledio_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o in_o his_o 114._o page_n cit_v a_o old_a version_n of_o the_o 19_o and_o 21._o of_o king_n ina_n law_n of_o the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o be_v make_v thereby_o to_o signify_v villanus_fw-la or_o colonus_n and_o it_o be_v convict_v by_o domesdey_n book_n survey_v in_o sudsexe_n thus_o radulfus_n tenet_fw-la de_fw-fr willielmo_n viz._n de_fw-mi warene_n bristelmestune_n brictric_n tenuit_fw-la de_fw-la dono_fw-la godwini_fw-la comitis_fw-la t._n r._n e._n &_o modo_fw-la se_fw-la defendit_fw-la pro_fw-la v._n hide_v &_o dim_a tran_n est_fw-la iii_o car_n in_o dnino_fw-la est_fw-la dimid_n car_fw-fr &_o xviii_o villain_n &_o ix_o bordarii_fw-la cum_fw-la iii_o car_n &_o uno_fw-la servo_fw-la de_fw-fr gablo_fw-mi iv_o milia_fw-la alletium_fw-la in_o eadem_fw-la villa_n tenet_fw-la widardus_fw-la de_fw-fr willo_n vi_o hide_v &_o unam_fw-la vs._n &_o proâ—tanto_fw-la se_fw-la defendit_fw-la tres_n aloarn_v tenuerunt_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la edwardo_n &_o potuerunt_fw-la ire_n quolibet_fw-la unus_n ex_fw-la eye_n habuit_fw-la aulam_fw-la &_o villani_n tenuerunt_fw-la part_n aliorum_fw-la duorum_fw-la here_o be_v a_o express_a of_o a_o servus_n and_o also_o of_o the_o villani_n who_o hold_v this_o land_n in_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n beside_o this_o i_o can_v allege_v many_o more_o but_o sir_n edward_n coke_n upon_o littleton_n say_v that_o villani_n in_o domesday_n be_v not_o there_o take_v for_o bondman_n but_o have_v their_o name_n de_fw-fr villis_fw-la because_o they_o have_v ferm_n and_o there_o do_v work_n of_o husbandry_n for_o the_o lord_n and_o they_o be_v ever_o before_o name_v bordarii_n which_o be_v contrary_a to_o mr._n s._n in_o what_o i_o cite_v before_o of_o he_o concern_v bordmanni_n which_o i_o believe_v be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o thing_n with_o bordarii_n and_o such_o as_o be_v bondman_n be_v call_v servi_n thus_o sir_n edward_n coke_n but_o i_o believe_v the_o norman_n find_v these_o villain_n here_o even_o by_o their_o name_n by_o which_o i_o believe_v they_o be_v of_o a_o very_a ancient_a stand_n for_o that_o i_o find_v they_o know_v by_o the_o britain_n by_o that_o title_n as_o they_o be_v often_o mention_v in_o the_o law_n of_o howel-dha_a in_o a_o law_n which_o before_o in_o this_o 〈◊〉_d i_o mention_v be_v notice_n take_v of_o a_o king_n villain_n and_o of_o a_o nobleman_n villain_n and_o then_o another_o that_o give_v a_o right_a to_o the_o foster-children_n of_o divide_v land_n with_o the_o child_n of_o the_o villain_n but_o a_o little_a more_o plain_o to_o bring_v the_o proof_n in_o those_o law_n it_o be_v demonstrate_v how_o that_o tres_fw-la homines_fw-la promoveri_fw-la possunt_fw-la uâ—a_fw-la die_v that_o be_v to_o say_v as_o i_o guess_v it_o they_o be_v make_v gentleman_n in_o one_o day_n here_o you_o must_v take_v the_o latin_a as_o i_o find_v it_o captivus_fw-la si_fw-la movetus_fw-la in_o swyd_n de_fw-fr xxiv_o officialibus_fw-la swyd_n be_v dignitas_fw-la dignity_n so_o that_o the_o sense_n of_o it_o be_v this_o if_o the_o prince_n bestow_v upon_o a_o caprive_n the_o dignity_n of_o be_v one_o of_o the_o twenty_o four_o chief_a officer_n of_o his_o court_n it_o be_v a_o advancement_n peculiar_a or_o he_o become_v by_o it_o a_o gentleman_n secundus_fw-la filius_fw-la villani_fw-la si_fw-la sit_fw-la clericus_fw-la our_o common_a law_n do_v differ_v from_o the_o civil_a law_n which_o say_v partus_fw-la sequitur_fw-la ventrem_fw-la where_o as_o the_o common_a law_n have_v it_o partus_fw-la sequitur_fw-la patrem_fw-la but_o here_o provision_n be_v make_v that_o the_o son_n of_o a_o villain_n be_v a_o clergy_n man_n shall_v become_v a_o gentleman_n which_o be_v somewhat_o explain_v by_o the_o next_o tertius_fw-la homo_fw-la ex_fw-la captiva_fw-la villa_n si_fw-fr villa_n habeat_fw-la à _fw-la domino_fw-la patrie_fw-fr licentiam_fw-la ecclesiam_fw-la aedificare_fw-la &_o in_o cimiterio_fw-la ejus_fw-la corpora_fw-la sepeliri_fw-la tunc_fw-la villa_n siâ—_n &_o omnes_fw-la homines_fw-la de_fw-la ea_fw-la postea_fw-la sunt_fw-la liberi_fw-la that_o
be_v to_o say_v perhaps_o they_o be_v as_o servi_fw-la before_o or_o villani_fw-la and_o now_o they_o become_v liberi_fw-la much_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n mr._n lambard_n show_v we_o out_o of_o a_o old_a piece_n of_o saxon_a where_o the_o reputation_n of_o a_o thane_n consist_v in_o have_v among_o other_o thing_n a_o church_n a_o hall_n a_o porch_n etc._n etc._n which_o show_v the_o cohaerence_n of_o the_o saxon_a custom_n with_o the_o british_a and_o thus_o by_o judge_n dodaridge_n out_o of_o he_o it_o be_v render_v in_o his_o treatise_n of_o baron_n pag._n 152._o it_o be_v sometime_o in_o the_o english_a law_n that_o the_o people_n and_o law_n be_v in_o reputation_n than_o be_v the_o wise_a of_o the_o people_n worship-worthy_a in_o his_o degree_n earl_n and_o chorle_n theyne_n and_o undertheyne_a and_o if_o a_o chorle_fw-mi so_o thrive_v that_o he_o have_v full_o five_o hide_n of_o land_n of_o his_o own_o a_o church_n and_o a_o kitchen_n a_o bellhouse_n and_o a_o gate_n a_o seat_n a_o several_a office_n in_o the_o king_n hall_n then_o be_v he_o from_o thenceforth_o the_o theine_n right-worthy_a and_o if_o a_o theyn_z so_o thrive_v that_o he_o serve_v the_o king_n on_o his_o message_n on_o his_o journey-ward_n in_o his_o household_n if_o he_o than_o have_v a_o theyn_z which_z him_z followed_z who_o to_o the_o king_n experience_n have_v five_o hide_n and_o in_o the_o king_n palace_n his_o lord_n have_v serve_v and_o thrice_o with_o his_o errand_n have_v go_v to_o the_o king_n he_o may_v afterward_o with_o his_o fore-oath_n his_o lord_n part_v play_v at_o need_n and_o if_o a_o thein_n that_o he_o become_v a_o earl_n than_o be_v he_o from_o henceforth_o the_o theins_n right-worthy_a and_o if_o a_o scholar_n so_o thrive_v through_o learning_n that_o he_o have_v degree_n and_o serve_v christ_n he_o be_v thenceforth_o of_o dignity_n and_o peace_n so_o much_o worthy_a as_o thereunto_o belong_v unless_o he_o forfeit_v so_o that_o he_o the_o use_n of_o his_o degree_n ne_o might_n again_o among_o the_o same_o law_n for_o forfeiture_n for_o burn_a of_o house_n it_o be_v thus_o provide_v that_o for_o the_o burn_a of_o odin_n regis_n dimid_n libre_fw-la optimatis_fw-la lx._n den_n villani_n regis_fw-la xxx_o den_n villani_n optimatis_fw-la xxiv_o den_n hoc_fw-la de_fw-la illis_fw-la est_fw-la intelligendum_fw-la qui_fw-fr piben_fw-ge habent_fw-la de_fw-la aliis_fw-la tercia_fw-la pars_fw-la pretii_fw-la cadit_fw-la for_o the_o understanding_n whereof_o that_o odin_n be_v translate_v formax_n which_o in_o this_o place_n signify_v a_o kilne_n wherewith_o to_o make_v malt_n because_o that_o piben_fw-ge signify_v a_o kilne-hole_n the_o burn_a of_o which_o sort_n of_o kilne_n be_v that_o which_o be_v here_o mean_v which_o unless_o it_o have_v a_o kilne-hole_n the_o three_o part_n of_o the_o prescribe_a forfeiture_n decrease_v that_o which_o i_o cause_v it_o to_o shoot_v quite_o blank_a against_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o no_o villain_n before_o the_o conquest_n which_o this_o law_n show_v to_o the_o contrary_a in_o give_v you_o a_o account_n of_o such_o even_a at_o this_o time_n of_o the_o collection_n of_o these_o law_n kingsvillein_n and_o noblemens-villeins_a in_o another_o law_n it_o be_v that_o si_fw-mi filia_fw-la villani_n eat_v in_o rapinam_fw-la cum_fw-la aliquo_fw-la postea_fw-la ab_fw-la eodem_fw-la sit_fw-la repudiata_fw-la reddat_fw-la 〈◊〉_d animalia_fw-la tria_fw-la supradicte_n etatis_fw-la another_o law_n provide_v what_o the_o wife_n of_o a_o nobleman_n may_v bestow_v without_o her_o husband_n consent_n and_o what_o she_o may_v lend_v without_o his_o consent_n but_o enact_v that_o uxor_fw-la villani_n nichil_fw-la potest_fw-la dare_v sine_fw-la lioentia_fw-la villani_n nec_fw-la mitram_fw-la nec_fw-la aliquod_fw-la accommodare_fw-la nisi_fw-la cribrum_fw-la tam_fw-la long_o quod_fw-la vox_fw-la ejus_fw-la possit_fw-la audiri_fw-la stans_fw-la in_o limine_fw-la domû_v sue_v dum_fw-la clamat_fw-la propter_fw-la illud_fw-la all_o these_o law_n be_v of_o several_a concernment_n but_o do_v all_o express_o prove_v villeinage_n above_o one_o hundred_o year_n before_o the_o norman_a conquest_n and_o so_o by_o what_o i_o have_v say_v before_o concern_v the_o law_n of_o howel-dda_a probable_o to_o be_v a_o ancient_a british_a usage_n for_o the_o word_n clown_n think_v to_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o latin_a word_n colonus_n from_o whenâ—e_n also_o be_v the_o british_a word_n klw_v and_o be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o dutch_a word_n boer_n which_o by_o a_o syncope_n be_v use_v for_o bouwer_n from_o the_o word_n bouwen_n id_fw-la est_fw-la arare_fw-la colere_fw-la agrum_fw-la as_o minshew_n have_v it_o what_o reproach_n can_v there_o probable_o be_v in_o that_o denomination_n yet_o now_o what_o ignominy_n do_v it_o carry_v with_o it_o the_o like_a may_v be_v say_v of_o the_o last_o which_o be_v call_v paganus_fw-la in_o latin_a but_o in_o english_a pain_n which_o become_v a_o surname_n to_o a_o family_n and_o a_o christian_a name_n to_o several_a great_a person_n but_o minshew_n have_v this_o story_n of_o the_o original_a of_o the_o name_n which_o carry_v in_o my_o judgement_n no_o great_a store_n of_o probability_n with_o it_o but_o as_o it_o be_v i_o will_v transcribe_v it_o under_o the_o word_n pagan_a he_o say_v a_o judaeis_n defluxâ—ssâ—â—mos_fw-la hic_fw-la &_o appellatio_fw-la rei_fw-la videtur_fw-la cum_fw-la enim_fw-la inter_fw-la judaeos_fw-la hâ—erosolyma_n tantum_fw-la civitas_fw-la erat_fw-la nullisque_fw-la nisi_fw-la judaeis_n ad_fw-la illam_fw-la dabatur_fw-la accessus_fw-la reliqur_n own_v hebraeis_n erant_fw-la pagani_n in_o pagis_fw-la quasi_fw-la extra_fw-la cioitatem_fw-la &_o populum_fw-la dei_fw-la constituti_fw-la &_o out_o of_o the_o eight_o book_n of_o isid_n he_o bring_v another_o story_n much_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n pagani_n inquie_n ex_fw-la â—â—agis_fw-la atheniensium_fw-la dicti_fw-la ubi_fw-la exorti_fw-la sunt_fw-la ibi_fw-la enim_fw-la in_o locis_fw-la agrestibus_fw-la &_o pagis_fw-la gentile_n lucos_fw-la idolaque_fw-la statuerunt_fw-la &_o a_o tali_fw-la inilio_fw-la vocabulum_fw-la sortitisunt_fw-la i_o be_o persuade_v that_o paganus_fw-la come_v from_o pagus_n but_o i_o find_v that_o cyflifc_n the_o saxon_a pagan_n have_v great_a priveleges_n than_o a_o villain_n for_o that_o he_o be_v bind_v to_o military_a service_n as_o in_o the_o 52_o and_o 64_o law_n of_o king_n ina_n which_o for_o brevity_n sake_n i_o shall_v pass_v by_o only_o take_v notice_n that_o of_o all_o such_o denomination_n there_o have_v rise_v term_n of_o disgrace_n which_o be_v not_o so_o in_o the_o first_o usage_n thereof_o so_o be_v it_o familiar_o give_v to_o we_o concern_v the_o common_a denomination_n of_o the_o term_n knave_n which_o be_v a_o word_n take_v from_o the_o britain_n who_o call_v a_o household_n servant_n or_o rather_o such_o a_o one_o as_o attend_v upon_o the_o person_n of_o another_o in_o their_o language_n knaf_n and_o be_v also_o one_o that_o be_v not_o yet_o proper_o say_v to_o be_v a_o man_n but_o be_v betwixt_o a_o boy_n and_o a_o man_n in_o the_o sense_n of_o a_o servant_n it_o be_v use_v in_o stat._n 1._o cap._n 3._o an._n 14_o ed._n 3._o but_o in_o its_o corruption_n and_o as_o it_o be_v now_o receive_v it_o be_v a_o word_n of_o great_a disgrace_n and_o express_v one_o that_o falsify_v his_o trust_n christ_n m_o s._n obit_n eccles_n heref_o penes_fw-la authorem_fw-la paul_n in_o our_o elder_a translation_n be_v render_v the_o knave_n of_o jesus_n christ_n to_o express_v that_o which_o we_o now_o read_v the_o servant_n of_o jesus_n christ_n in_o a_o old_a obit_n book_n that_o i_o have_v former_o belong_v to_o the_o church_n of_o hereford_n there_o be_v mention_n of_o a_o benefactor_n call_v simon_n gods-â—nave_a from_o who_o i_o believe_v at_o this_o day_n a_o certain_a place_n in_o the_o city_n of_o hereford_n be_v call_v gods-knave-inne_n which_o certain_o have_v no_o more_o in_o the_o signification_n than_o the_o servant_n of_o god_n by_o this_o we_o see_v that_o from_o such_o like_a word_n and_o denomination_n as_o these_o be_v surname_n be_v derive_v though_o it_o may_v now_o seem_v strange_a to_o we_o to_o meet_v with_o such_o appellation_n it_o appear_v that_o they_o be_v not_o so_o curious_a of_o procure_v excellent_a one_o to_o transmit_v to_o their_o posterity_n but_o accept_v of_o any_o serious_a or_o jocular_a some_o from_o shape_n of_o body_n other_o from_o quality_n of_o the_o mind_n some_o from_o trade_n office_n etc._n etc._n but_o i_o can_v let_v that_o pass_n without_o notice_n which_o for_o a_o surname_n i_o meet_v with_o in_o the_o second_o volume_n of_o domesdey_n in_o the_o survey_n of_o the_o connty_n of_o essex_n be_v there_o register_v as_o one_o of_o the_o trans_n tenentes_fw-la of_o that_o county_n where_o it_o be_v thus_o record_v 53._o record_v the_o land_n of_o roger_n god_n save_o the_o lady_n for_o the_o word_n domina_fw-la say_v judge_n dodaridge_n in_o his_o treatise_n of_o the_o baron_n pag._n 151._o signify_v lady_n or_o dame_n so_o woman_n after_o