Selected quad for the lemma: land_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
land_n	common_a	lord_n	tenant_n	1,699	5	9.7297	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A45751	A discoverie for division or setting out of land, as to the best form published by Samuel Hartlib esquire, for direction and more advantage and profit of the adventurers and planters in the fens and other waste and undisposed places in England and Ireland ; whereunto are added some other choice secrets of experiments of husbandry ; with a philosophical quere concerning the cause of fruitfulness, and an essay to shew how all lands may be improved in a new way to become the ground of the increase of trading and revenue to this common-wealth.	Hartlib, Samuel, d. 1662.; Dymock, Cressy. Discovery for new divisions, or, setting out of lands.	1653 (1653)	Wing H985; ESTC R9861	21,776	42

Bank or high way with the two great Drains on each side of the same A the Bank B the 2 great Drains on each side C the foure lesser Drains D the great Ditches or Cuts to each Farm E the like Cuts to the little Farms F the main River G the Cut from the four best Farms to that River H the Farm-houses and home-stalls of the great Farms I the lesser Farm Houses K the marks ●f division to the Farms L the mark of the ring hedge Ditch or wall M the four first great Farms N the 12 other great Farms This may serve as the plot of another greater Mannor of 2000 Acres wherein the four middle Tenements may be made into a grand Farm or the Lords Demains And then there remains twelve great Farms of 100 Acres apiece and 16 lesser Farms of 25 Acres apice whose in●abitants being supposed labourers lie cōveniently to serve either the Lord or the greater Farms All which may be cast into either form Round or Square though for my part I judge the round in the square the best and most convenient A DISCOVERY For New DIVISIONS OR Setting out of LANDS as to the best Forme Imparted in a Letter to Samuel Hartlib Esquire HONOURED SIR I Here present you with a plain Discovery of that prudentiall Contrivance for the more advantageous setting out of Lands which I have formerly acquainted you with and as you know offered in vain to some of the Company of Drayners of the great Fen as I had opportunity That so I may not onely gratifie your Publique-heartednesse and great Zeal for the Common good and testific my willingnesse to be doing some good in my generation as God shall enable me but that I may in some sort be blamelesse to all Posterity though those Lands be not well divided or sub-divided since I have not onely offered my assistance such as it is in private but do here and suppose not altogether too late freely offer it to the consideration of all men that are or may be concerned in the same or the like nature of what better use Lands divided or subdivided according to the Plats here intended to every mans view may be found or esteemed And lest any mistake should be in the not rightly understanding my meaning or the nature of the thing give me leave to trouble the World with a few of my Reasons for or apprehensions of that Advantage or Conveniency which may be more had and obtained by following this Example I have been even called to a more then ordinary use of and love to all sorts of Husbandry and particularly to Agriculture wherein God hath been graciously pleased to recompence my Zeal and indeavour with an increase of knowledge and experience in the wayes of managing Agriculture and Husbandry in all its parts and that not onely according to what is commonly known and practised but by some Additionals which if well accepted and rightly pursued would tend exceedingly to the prosperity honour and plenty of this whole Nation but of this as I have formerly acquainted you more largely for you have thought fit to hint it to the World in your Reformed Husbandman I shall therefore proceed and say that that dear and even naturall affection which I have to Husbandry above all other employments among men may perhaps have occasioned my further enquiry into these affairs and by those observations to which I have given my selfe more then every man I may have attained to farther insight then every man hath troubled himself to take which I freely present to my Native Countrey at least so much as concerns the matter here in Question namely The setting out of Land as to the best Forme I have observed that all or most part of the Lands Lordships Mannors Parishes Farmes and particular Grounds or Closes in England are not or rather were not at that time past when they were first set out in any good Forme too much of England being left as waste ground in Commons Mores Heaths Fens Marishes and the like which are all Waste Ground but some more some lesse some being made a little better use of then others but all capable of very great Improvement as not now yielding not one of forty of them through England the one fourth part of that profit either to private or publique which they are respectively capable of I have observed in all places in England the great inconveniences that come by the Want of Enclosure both to private and publique the irregularity of these Lands that are inclosed the frequent and as things now stand in relation to time past and Land already set out unremediable intanglements or intermixture of Interest of severall persons in the same Common in the same Field in the same Close nay sometimes in the same Acre The inconvenient passages made or allowed between divers grounds and that not onely when they belong to severall men but even when one man is owner of divers grounds and the truth is either he that is possest of Lands is a Lord or Tenant if Lord he seldome alters that Form he found his Lands in whether he received them by Inheritance or purchase and if but Tenant he would count it for the most part lost labour although he did indeed understand both the inconvenience and the right remedy but I fear neither Lord nor Tenant do so or at least so as to lay to heart the Crosses or Losses they or their neighbours do too frequently sustain meerly upon this accompt or are too carelesse or desperate of the remedie I have observed the carelessenesse and wickednesse of Servants and bad neighbours both which a man shall be sure to meet let him remove as often and to what place he will I have observed the proneness most of Cattel Poultry to break into forbidden places but above all others commonly kept in England not to speak of Deer and Goats or of wilde fowl or the like Swine Coneys and Pigeons and some sorts of Poultry at some seasons are most inclined to and frequent actors of mischief and that so great that men dare hardly consider it seriously but let it passe to avoid vexation Who is it that lives a Countrey-life but knowes or may know and upon enquiry finde that one pair of old Pigeons eates of one sort or another of Corn and grain in the year at least 6 bushels that there are almost if not altogether as many such pairs of Pidgeons as there are men women and children in England and it is plain they can get none but either of what you have sowne or of what you should reap or of the sheadings in the field which were better bestowed on your Swine or Poultry or out of your barne or rick or threshing-floor from whence I suppose you cannot well spare it or from the manger standing racks or dunghill all which your pigs and hens must want so much I conclude as to this Creature that there is no such

Land as to the best form With an Exposition of the words Sal Terrae what is to be understood by them in the fore-mentioned Experiment of Husbandry SIR IN obedience to your Commands I shall thus proceed to give you further hints of the Advantages that may be had by casting Lands into some such Forme as the Plot or Card Presented you with formerly doth more fully shew If you set your house in the Centre of your Lordship or great Farme then are you equally distant in a manner to all the parts thereof which I take to be no small conveniencie Against this I know it may be objected that especially in such a place as the great Fenne it will then be too far from the great Dreynes neer unto which it hath been thought fit to set the Houses that Boats may come to the door which they may as well do being with small charge let into your house which charge or trouble being set against those other inconveniences of such as are made or continued by setting the house at the end of the Land for the Dreynes sake will be found inconsiderable For Example The common way of casting out their Levels or Proportions for Tenements are into pieces of 100 acres this is taken from the level in the Isle of Axholm the casting out of the hundred in the great Fen being worse then that this runs backwards from the great Dreyn where your House stands at least 2200 yards and all the passage you have to any of your grounds is through all that is between that part and the House so that part of your work or Harvest lies a long mile from home Now the same proportion of 100 Acres being cast in a square Forme the equall sides will be about 127 rods the half of which is about 64 Rods from the Drayne to the House or Centre of your Land to which to cast a ditch from the main Dreyne of 15 foot wide and as deep as the Dreyn may cost say 5 shil per Rod which is too much it amounts but to 16 li. and you have as good advantage by boat as if your House had stood on the grand Dreyn and better 'T is true every House that stands behinde you which are two in number more upon the same length will cost just as much more either of them but with that charge once for all they are fitted with boatage for ever and the whole land laid so much more dry Now put in the other scale the Conveniencies and Profits or prevention of losse or charge thus whereas before all your ground sowed with corn or lying for meadow saving that next your House must have cost you double treble quadruple I five times six times in some cases as far carriage as the same will do now as oft in the day week moneth year or all years to come as you shall have occasion which well considered is a most casie purchase Secondly as oft as your self or your servants have occasion to go to any of the farther Closes much time must be lost in going and comming which might have been much better spent Thirdly you cannot drive any Cattel to the farthest Closes if they should lie for grasse for which they are fittest but through those neerer which then may be sowed with Corn and it is not easie to foresee the losse you may sustain by the carelessenesse of servants by so doing Lastly for there are many other Inconveniences and Wayes to losse which for brevities sake I omit if your own Cattel be gotten into your own Corn or your bad neighbours into either Corn Meadow or Pastures they are not altogether so soon discovered at so great distances as that form allowes and to put them out will prove half a dayes work almost all which put together will so abundantly repay that small Charge that I suppose I need enforce this no farther and I believe that the Landlord need not be at all the charge for the Tenants conveniencie will invite him to bear a great part of it for here as you see by the Card striking a Circle from your House at the Centre as wide as your Square will admit all your land except the Corners which are destined for pasture for your stronger Cattel and of least present use will be at one and the same distance from you and the farthest if there were any farthest but the Semidiameter of your Circle which is but 350 yards or seventeen score and ten to the farthest end thereof and but 130 yards or six score and ten to the nearest end the carriage alike easie and short the inspection and use or drift alike easie and of quick dispatch and no going through any one into the other but having all in so close an order and so ready at your Command for all purposes that you will be incouraged to make more or better then common Uses of some parts of your Land which may turne to your profit exceedingly if you be but a little vigilant If your ground being either sand or any thing but boggy morish or peat Land then may you plant Hedges Orchards Gardens c. your House stands in the midst which also I would build round which Forme I suppose to be of most beauty use and least cost to him that will give his minde to consider it rightly I would allow for the situation of my House and some Gardens next it of the delicater sort half an Acre of Land and next without that for Orchards and Kitchin-Gardens at least one Acre and one half or two Acres more both cast into a round forme one encompassing the other for which and all that follow I refer to the sight of the Card it self which sets it forth more fully to the eye without that again I would allow 9 Acres to be divided into severall little Closes for the Uses in the Card mentioned some bigger some lesser as I should see cause and to binde all this together I would again encompasse all those with one undivided ring which should contain about four Acres deducting out of all these proportions respectively so much as was taken up with or in hedges ditches walls c. double fenced inwards from the little Closes round about and outward from the last Circle of great Closes out of every of which great Closes all of them at their neerer or smaller ends butting upon this ring I would have a bridge or gate strong and stanch that I might let in what I would but that nothing might get in without my leave I would have from my House four equally quartered out-passages to this Middle ring and from that again straight forwards to the Outside of my Lands well ditched gated fenced I would set my Bake-house Brew-house Wash-house Darie or the like without the second Circle viz. just without my Kitchin-Garden and Orchards and within or at the neerer end to the House of the little Closes and for the side of the House as whether