it_o be_v lawful_a to_o take_v where_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a to_o covenant_n or_o contract_n again_o dr._n fenton_n say_v pag._n 129._o that_o the_o poison_n of_o usury_n be_v in_o some_o contract_n so_o close_o and_o cunning_o convey_v as_o the_o very_a turn_n of_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o mind_n may_v alter_v the_o case_n to_o make_v it_o just_a or_o unjust_a the_o contract_n remain_v one_o and_o the_o same_o if_o one_o and_o the_o same_o contract_n may_v be_v just_a and_o unjust_a than_o all_o contract_n be_v not_o unjust_a by_o his_o own_o confession_n in_o another_o place_n p._n 125._o he_o tell_v we_o we_o may_v puzzle_v he_o with_o some_o case_n so_o cunning_o contrive_v wherein_o we_o can_v find_v no_o difference_n either_o in_o justice_n or_o charity_n from_o other_o lawful_a contract_n then_o quaere_fw-la whether_o it_o be_v within_o the_o definition_n of_o usury_n if_o it_o appear_v just_a and_o lawful_a it_o shall_v not_o appear_v usurious_a it_o may_v perhaps_o border_v or_o coast_n upon_o usury_n yet_o our_o conclusion_n shall_v still_o remain_v entire_a that_o usury_n proper_o so_o call_v be_v simple_o unlawful_a a_o trim_a conclusion_n but_o what_o be_v we_o the_o wise_a for_o know_v that_o all_o usury_n be_v unlawful_a unless_o he_o teach_v we_o what_o be_v proper_o call_v usury_n this_o be_v the_o main_a doubt_n what_o be_v usury_n and_o what_o be_v not_o whether_o all_o increase_n or_o increase_v only_o from_o the_o poor_a whether_o all_o contract_n for_o gain_v by_o money_n be_v usury_n if_o dr._n fenton_n may_v be_v puzzle_v and_o be_v not_o able_a to_o tell_v we_o what_o contract_n differ_v from_o justice_n and_o charity_n and_o what_o not_o if_o one_o and_o the_o same_o contract_n may_v be_v just_a and_o unjust_a if_o that_o usurious_a contract_n as_o they_o do_v approach_v unto_o equity_n so_o far_o forth_o do_v decline_v the_o nature_n of_o usury_n then_o be_v we_o still_o ignorant_a what_o proper_o be_v usury_n only_o we_o may_v know_v that_o it_o be_v unlawful_a if_o we_o know_v what_o it_o be_v this_o be_v the_o last_o and_o safe_a retreat_n that_o dr._n fenton_n find_v 5._o concern_v humane_a testimony_n of_o father_n council_n divine_n heathen_n and_o law_n as_o for_o the_o testimony_n of_o father_n and_o council_n we_o do_v affirm_v that_o neither_o father_n nor_o council_n do_v ever_o define_v usury_n to_o consist_v in_o the_o contract_n for_o gain_n they_o be_v not_o so_o curious_a or_o subtle_a in_o those_o age_n as_o to_o define_v it_o at_o all_o but_o most_o of_o those_o few_o passage_n that_o be_v in_o they_o may_v best_o be_v understand_v to_o mean_v only_o such_o usury_n as_o be_v a_o oppression_n to_o the_o poor_a as_o for_o aristotle_n plutarch_n cato_n seneea_n pliny_n and_o some_o other_o i_o shall_v offer_v the_o confession_n of_o dr._n fenton_n p._n 65._o who_o be_v persuade_v that_o the_o very_a conceit_n of_o these_o ground_n of_o the_o philosopher_n argument_n have_v move_v many_o to_o think_v more_o favourable_o of_o usury_n itself_o than_o there_o be_v just_a cause_n the_o force_n of_o the_o philosopher_n argument_n take_v from_o the_o barrenness_n of_o money_n and_o the_o unnatural_a brood_n of_o usury_n be_v mingle_v with_o metaphor_n if_o it_o be_v not_o right_o apprehend_v be_v obscure_a and_o doubtful_a that_o also_o of_o spend_v money_n in_o the_o first_o use_n as_o if_o use_n and_o property_n be_v inseparable_a be_v much_o subject_n to_o cavil_v by_o these_o passage_n we_o may_v see_v what_o little_a confidence_n dr._n fenton_n put_v in_o the_o argument_n of_o the_o heathen_a philosopher_n against_o usury_n as_o for_o the_o bare_a authority_n of_o these_o man_n the_o speculative_a determination_n of_o so_o few_o philosopher_n be_v no_o way_n to_o be_v compare_v with_o the_o grave_a wisdom_n of_o whole_a state_n which_o by_o practice_n &_o by_o custom_n in_o all_o age_n have_v approve_v thereof_o i_o know_v the_o abuse_n of_o usury_n have_v give_v just_a cause_n both_o to_o christian_n and_o heathen_n to_o declaim_v bitter_o against_o it_o merchandize_v as_o dr._n fenton_n tell_v we_o also_o let_v of_o land_n and_o other_o trade_n have_v their_o manifold_a abuse_n and_o yet_o be_v thing_n lawful_a in_o themselves_o and_o whereas_o all_o other_o trade_n do_v oppress_v but_o within_o their_o own_o circle_n or_o limit_n and_o in_o such_o particular_n wherein_o they_o deal_v usury_n deal_v with_o money_n which_o be_v use_v in_o all_o trade_n have_v make_v the_o abuse_n thereof_o more_o general_a and_o therefore_o all_o man_n have_v the_o more_o frequent_a occasion_n to_o speak_v against_o it_o the_o civil_a law_n which_o be_v gather_v out_o of_o all_o the_o best_a ancient_a law_n both_o heathen_a and_o christian_n and_o which_o be_v most_o in_o use_n at_o this_o day_n do_v allow_v usury_n the_o law_n of_o venice_n genoa_n and_o the_o low-countries_n three_o simple_o the_o rich_a state_n in_o europe_n do_v allow_v thereof_o and_o yet_o be_v free_a from_o poor_a which_o persuade_v that_o usury_n be_v not_o so_o hurtful_a to_o a_o state_n as_o for_o the_o statute_n law_n of_o this_o land_n they_o do_v vary_v and_o one_o statute_n mislike_n and_o repeal_v another_o but_o they_o all_o allow_v usury_n of_o orphan_n and_o the_o law_n last_o make_v since_o the_o death_n of_o dr._n fenton_n in_o the_o 21._o year_n of_o king_n james_n do_v allow_v eight_o in_o the_o hundred_o the_o constant_a practice_n of_o the_o common_a law_n of_o this_o land_n and_o also_o of_o the_o chancery_n in_o point_n of_o equity_n do_v not_o only_o allow_v interest_n where_o there_o be_v a_o contract_n for_o it_o but_o also_o do_v give_v it_o where_o there_o be_v none_o to_o end_v this_o point_n if_o all_o law_n and_o state_n have_v think_v all_o usury_n to_o be_v unlawful_a and_o also_o mischievous_a to_o a_o commonwealth_n and_o if_o that_o partnership_n be_v a_o mean_v both_o lawful_a and_o beneficial_a it_o be_v strange_a that_o no_o practice_n nor_o law_n of_o any_o nation_n will_v never_o establish_v this_o latter_a and_o for_o all_o the_o world_n to_o tolerate_v a_o sin_n when_o so_o easy_a a_o remedy_n have_v be_v at_o hand_n have_v be_v a_o universal_a madness_n 6._o argument_n against_o usury_n it_o be_v to_o some_o doubtful_a therefore_o unlawful_a because_o whatsoever_o be_v not_o of_o faith_n be_v sin_n answ_n this_o argument_n do_v not_o make_v it_o simple_o unlawful_a to_o all_o but_o only_o to_o such_o as_o doubt_v and_o therefore_o it_o prove_v not_o the_o point_n for_o dr._n fenton_n his_o position_n be_v that_o all_o usury_n be_v of_o itself_o a_o sin_n and_o so_o nothing_o indifferent_a by_o this_o doctrine_n he_o first_o perplex_v the_o understanding_n of_o the_o weak_a and_o so_o make_v they_o doubt_n and_o when_o he_o find_v they_o doubtful_a he_o use_v their_o doubt_v to_o prove_v it_o unlawful_a because_o they_o doubt_v whereas_o if_o it_o be_v simple_o a_o sin_n of_o itself_o it_o be_v as_o well_o a_o sin_n if_o a_o man_n doubt_v not_o as_o if_o he_o doubt_v and_o the_o place_n of_o st._n paul_n rome_n 14._o by_o he_o allege_v speak_v not_o of_o sin_n but_o of_o thing_n indifferent_a as_o eat_v which_o by_o doubt_v only_o be_v make_v sin_n to_o the_o doubter_n and_o to_o no_o body_n else_o now_o if_o the_o cause_n why_o man_n doubt_v whether_o all_o usury_n be_v sin_n be_v only_o for_o that_o dr._n fenton_n and_o some_o other_o teach_v so_o than_o the_o sin_n of_o those_o that_o doubt_n may_v fall_v heavy_a upon_o the_o causer_n of_o it_o and_o if_o dr._n fenton_n allow_v usury_n to_o be_v doubtful_a it_o can_v but_o argue_v rashness_n peremptory_o to_o determine_v there_o be_v no_o doubt_n of_o it_o thereby_o to_o ensnare_v the_o conscience_n of_o the_o simple_a beside_o the_o doubt_v speak_v of_o by_o the_o apostle_n though_o it_o be_v of_o thing_n indifferent_a yet_o former_o before_o the_o come_n of_o christ_n they_o be_v thing_n necessary_o prescribe_v by_o the_o law_n but_o 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and_o chemnitius_n be_v the_o only_o note_a man_n abroad_o and_o here_o at_o home_n dr._n downam_n bishop_n of_o londonderry_n in_o ireland_n dr._n fenton_n and_o learned_a dr_n andrews_n late_a bishop_n of_o winchester_n i_o have_v make_v choice_n of_o dr._n fenton_n treatise_n to_o examine_v because_o it_o be_v the_o late_a and_o i_o find_v little_a of_o any_o moment_n but_o be_v in_o he_o i_o desire_v his_o book_n may_v be_v first_o thorough_o read_v for_o otherwise_o what_o i_o write_v will_v not_o so_o easy_o be_v understand_v to_o give_v some_o brief_a account_n to_o the_o reader_n of_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o scatter_a argument_n in_o this_o tractate_n he_o must_v know_v that_o my_o scope_n and_o intention_n be_v to_o show_v that_o usury_n be_v no_o where_o in_o scripture_n forbid_v to_o christian_n but_o that_o it_o be_v as_o lawful_a as_o any_o other_o contract_n or_o bargain_n unless_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n do_v prohibit_v or_o moderate_v it_o as_o a_o point_n of_o state_n or_o policy_n and_o that_o no_o state_n or_o commonwealth_n can_v or_o ever_o do_v stand_v without_o it_o or_o that_o which_o in_o contract_n be_v equivalent_a to_o it_o since_o the_o valuation_n of_o the_o use_n of_o money_n be_v the_o foundation_n and_o rule_n which_o govern_v the_o valuation_n of_o all_o other_o sort_n of_o bargain_n i_o further_o maintain_v that_o usury_n be_v never_o forbid_v to_o the_o jew_n only_o by_o reason_n that_o by_o a_o more_o special_a appointment_n of_o god_n they_o dwell_v in_o a_o land_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o many_o stranger_n moses_n make_v a_o politic_a judicial_a law_n that_o the_o jew_n shall_v take_v usury_n of_o those_o stranger_n and_o not_o of_o their_o poor_a brother_n not_o much_o unlike_a as_o if_o the_o king_n shall_v ordain_v in_o london_n that_o citizen_n shall_v take_v usury_n of_o man_n of_o midlesex_n and_o not_o of_o poor_a tradesman_n of_o the_o city_n more_o particular_o i_o undertake_v to_o manifest_v that_o the_o definition_n of_o usury_n wherein_o dr._n down_o and_o dr_n fenton_n main_o differ_v between_o themselves_o be_v neither_o warrantable_a by_o the_o rule_n of_o art_n nor_o justifiable_a by_o any_o proof_n or_o ground_n in_o scripture_n or_o by_o any_o testimony_n of_o antiquity_n either_o in_o counsel_n or_o father_n and_o that_o the_o law_n give_v by_o god_n about_o usury_n be_v such_o as_o by_o the_o coherence_n of_o the_o text_n and_o the_o conference_n of_o other_o place_n do_v show_v that_o those_o law_n do_v only_o intend_v a_o prohibition_n of_o take_v usury_n of_o such_o as_o borrow_v in_o case_n of_o extreme_a necessity_n and_o be_v so_o poor_a that_o they_o be_v in_o charity_n to_o be_v relieve_v and_o yet_o those_o law_n which_o do_v in_o such_o case_n only_o prohibit_v usury_n to_o the_o jew_n be_v not_o moral_a or_o perpetual_a but_o judicial_a and_o temporary_a and_o no_o way_n bind_v we_o but_o we_o be_v leave_v to_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o guide_v we_o in_o our_o contract_n so_o long_o as_o they_o be_v not_o contrary_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o charity_n i_o show_v that_o all_o the_o property_n of_o let_v do_v agree_v to_o money_n and_o that_o usury_n in_o itself_o be_v neither_o unnatural_a ungodly_a unjust_a or_o uncharitable_a last_o i_o do_v show_v that_o dr_n downam_n dr_n fenton_n and_o all_o other_o that_o do_v most_o condemn_v usury_n be_v force_v to_o confess_v at_o last_o that_o usury_n may_v be_v lawful_a they_o all_o allow_v the_o take_n of_o interest_n mortgage_n annuity_n and_o lease_n for_o year_n all_o which_o by_o their_o own_o exposition_n and_o confession_n be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n with_o usury_n and_o do_v only_o differ_v in_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o security_n or_o contract_n after_o they_o have_v eager_o dispute_v that_o all_o contract_n for_o gain_v by_o lend_v be_v usurious_a at_o the_o end_n they_o quiet_o conclude_v that_o the_o contract_n be_v not_o usury_n but_o only_o the_o secret_a intention_n of_o the_o heart_n make_v it_o to_o be_v usury_n or_o not_o usury_n thus_o in_o few_o word_n they_o overthrow_v at_o last_o the_o foundation_n of_o their_o own_o doctrine_n and_o play_v fast_o and_o loose_a by_o a_o multitude_n of_o their_o irresolute_a distinction_n so_o that_o either_o their_o conclusion_n must_v be_v that_o usury_n be_v lawful_a or_o else_o they_o can_v conclude_v nothing_o at_o all_o if_o i_o wrong_v either_o dr._n fenton_n or_o the_o truth_n i_o desire_v friendly_a to_o be_v show_v my_o error_n i_o do_v not_o follow_v he_o here_o line_n by_o line_n for_o so_o i_o may_v tire_v myself_o and_o vex_v other_o with_o unnecessary_a tautology_n i_o have_v only_o endeavour_v to_o extract_v the_o quintessence_n of_o his_o reason_n and_o to_o apply_v myself_o to_o the_o examination_n of_o they_o his_o reason_n not_o his_o rhetoric_n i_o except_v against_o whether_o just_o or_o unjust_o let_v other_o judge_n to_o who_o censure_n i_o submit_v these_o paper_n i_o will_v fain_o know_v of_o the_o minister_n of_o the_o gospel_n who_o do_v often_o reckon_v up_o in_o the_o pulpit_n usury_n as_o one_o of_o the_o cry_v sin_n what_o warrant_v they_o have_v in_o the_o gospel_n for_o such_o boldness_n we_o find_v several_a sin_n number_v up_o by_o our_o saviour_n and_o the_o apostle_n but_o usury_n never_o so_o much_o as_o name_v for_o a_o sin_n in_o the_o whole_a new_a testament_n st._n paul_n in_o the_o five_o to_o the_o galatian_n do_v with_o one_o breath_n reckon_v up_o together_o seventeen_o sin_n which_o he_o reprove_v and_o yet_o usury_n be_v none_o of_o they_o but_o many_o preacher_n can_v reckon_v up_o seven_o deadly_a sin_n except_o they_o make_v usury_n one_o of_o they_o robert_n filmer_n the_o content_n 1._o touch_v the_o definition_n of_o usury_n 2._o of_o testimony_n of_o scripture_n 3._o of_o the_o name_n of_o usury_n 4._o of_o the_o property_n of_o let_v 5._o concern_v humane_a testimony_n of_o father_n council_n divine_n heathen_n and_o law_n 6._o argument_n against_o usury_n 7._o of_o the_o unnaturalness_n of_o usury_n 8._o of_o the_o ungodliness_n of_o usury_n 9_o of_o the_o injustice_n of_o usury_n 10._o of_o the_o uncharitableness_n of_o usury_n a_o treatise_n of_o usury_n touch_v the_o definition_n of_o usury_n i_o let_v pass_v dr._n fenton_n chapter_n of_o name_n of_o usury_n because_o he_o confess_v that_o by_o they_o he_o have_v prove_v little_a or_o nothing_o at_o all_o page_z 12._o the_o main_a point_n be_v the_o definition_n which_o he_o say_v must_v not_o be_v omit_v or_o slight_o pass_v over_o because_o it_o be_v a_o great_a and_o necessary_a question_n to_o resolve_v the_o understanding_n what_o that_o usury_n be_v whereof_o we_o dispute_v pag._n 13._o and_o therefore_o he_o do_v entitle_v his_o first_o book_n whole_o about_o the_o definition_n of_o usury_n although_o when_o he_o come_v unto_o the_o point_n he_o do_v nothing_o less_o than_o define_v it_o as_o may_v thus_o appear_v actual_a usury_n say_v he_o pag_n 15._o be_v of_o divers_a diverse_o describe_v a_o variety_n tedious_a to_o relate_v first_o in_o stead_n of_o all_o unlawful_a usury_n he_o speak_v of_o a_o description_n of_o part_n only_o to_o wit_n of_o actual_a usury_n whereas_o he_o shall_v first_o define_v and_o then_o divide_v but_o invert_v the_o rule_n of_o method_n he_o suffer_v mental_a usury_n which_o he_o say_v be_v a_o sin_n to_o escape_v out_o of_o his_o description_n neither_o do_v he_o so_o much_o as_o describe_v actual_a usury_n only_o he_o tell_v we_o of_o diversity_n of_o description_n of_o other_o but_o never_o let_v we_o know_v which_o he_o approve_v yet_o at_o last_o he_o contract_v the_o pith_n in_o three_o word_n but_o resolve_v not_o how_o we_o shall_v place_v they_o so_o leave_v we_o to_o a_o thus_o or_o thus_o or_o thus_o first_o he_o put_v lucre_n in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o genus_fw-la and_o covenant_n in_o the_o room_n of_o a_o difference_n second_o he_o make_v covenant_n the_o genus_fw-la and_o lend_v the_o difference_n and_o last_o he_o put_v lend_v for_o a_o genus_fw-la and_o lucre_n for_o a_o difference_n thus_o by_o turn_v the_o genus_fw-la into_o the_o difference_n and_o the_o difference_n into_o the_o genus_fw-la he_o leave_v we_o uncertain_a of_o his_o description_n yet_o conclude_v that_o within_o the_o compass_n of_o three_o word_n we_o may_v find_v usury_n but_o who_o know_v not_o that_o three_o word_n diverse_o place_v breed_v many_o time_n different_a and_o some_o time_n contrary_a sense_n yet_o this_o be_v all_o the_o definition_n you_o be_v like_a to_o find_v in_o he_o and_o thus_o in_o few_o line_n he_o pass_v over_o slight_o that_o necessary_a question_n which_o will_v resolve_v our_o understanding_n what_o usury_n be_v but_o let_v we_o draw_v a_o little_a close_o and_o
free_a lend_n be_v not_o judicial_a but_o moral_a for_o the_o same_o law_n which_o command_v the_o affirmative_a forbid_v the_o negative_a answ_n 1._o dr._n downam_n mistake_v in_o think_v free_a lend_v and_o lend_v for_o gain_v to_o be_v term_n of_o affirmation_n and_o negation_n lend_v and_o not_o lend_v which_o be_v contradictory_o oppose_v be_v only_o affirmative_a and_o negative_a term_n lend_v free_o or_o for_o gain_n be_v only_o several_a sort_n of_o lend_v and_o differ_v in_o quality_n and_o though_o their_o quality_n differ_v yet_o they_o be_v both_o positive_a and_o affirmative_a for_o it_o be_v a_o axiom_n contrariorum_fw-la utrumque_fw-la membrum_fw-la est_fw-la positivum_fw-la in_o contradiction_n and_o privation_n one_o term_n be_v always_o negative_a but_o it_o be_v not_o so_o in_o contrary_n second_o let_v i_o retort_v dr._n downams_n argument_n in_o a_o strong_a case_n the_o law_n which_o command_v rest_v on_o the_o sabbath_n be_v not_o judicial_a but_o moral_a therefore_o the_o law_n which_o forbid_v kindle_v a_o fire_n on_o the_o sabbath_n day_n be_v moral_a for_o the_o law_n which_o command_v the_o affirmative_a forbid_v the_o negative_a what_o will_v dr._n downam_n answer_v to_o this_o his_o own_o argument_n here_o be_v affirmation_n and_o negation_n rest_a and_o not_o rest_a in_o the_o kindle_v of_o a_o fire_n not_o contrary_n only_o but_o contradictory_n yet_o i_o presume_v dr._n downam_n will_v not_o conclude_v that_o kindle_v a_o fire_n on_o the_o sabbath_n day_n be_v a_o breach_n of_o the_o moral_a law_n dr._n fenton_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o if_o god_n do_v forbid_v bite_v and_o oppress_a usury_n only_o by_o his_o law_n that_o then_o the_o law_n must_v needs_o be_v moral_a and_o not_o judicial_a except_o we_o will_v give_v liberty_n to_o christian_n to_o oppress_v and_o bite_v their_o brethren_n pag._n 44._o the_o answer_n be_v the_o equity_n of_o the_o law_n be_v still_o in_o force_n the_o rigour_n of_o it_o be_v abrogate_a or_o thus_o that_o the_o poor_a shall_v not_o be_v oppress_v be_v moral_a that_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v oppress_v by_o usury_n be_v judicial_a to_o make_v the_o meaning_n of_o this_o distinction_n clear_a we_o must_v know_v that_o all_o judicial_a law_n be_v make_v for_o that_o hedge_n in_o or_o enclose_v of_o the_o moral_a law_n and_o whereas_o the_o moral_a law_n be_v deliver_v either_o in_o general_n affirmative_a commandment_n or_o negative_a prohibition_n the_o judicial_a come_v after_o and_o give_v some_o particular_a politic_a direction_n in_o the_o observation_n of_o they_o for_o example_n the_o moral_a law_n say_v in_o general_n thou_o shall_v sanctify_v the_o sabbath_n then_o come_v the_o judicial_a and_o say_v you_o shall_v kindle_v no_o fire_n throughout_o your_o habitation_n upon_o the_o sabbath_n day_n exod._n 35._o 3._o so_o the_o moral_a law_n tell_v we_o thou_o shall_v not_o steal_v the_o judicial_a add_v if_o a_o man_n steal_v a_o ox_n or_o a_o sheep_n he_o shall_v pay_v five_o or_o four_o fold_n for_o it_o and_o in_o most_o case_n but_o double_a exod_a 22._o 1._o 4._o so_o then_o there_o be_v a_o general_a equity_n in_o all_o judicial_n which_o be_v moral_a and_o eternal_a there_o be_v a_o law_n levit._fw-la 25._o 23._o the_o land_n shall_v not_o be_v sell_v for_o ever_o whereby_o sell_v of_o inheritance_n be_v forbid_v and_o this_o law_n do_v bind_v naboth_n 1_o king_n 21._o 3._o that_o he_o will_v not_o sell_v his_o inheritance_n to_o king_n ahab_n the_o equity_n of_o this_o law_n which_o bind_v all_o man_n even_o infidel_n to_o preserve_v or_o procure_v a_o inheritance_n or_o estate_n for_o their_o posterity_n remain_v still_o in_o force_n yet_o absolute_o not_o to_o sell_v any_o land_n be_v esteem_v no_o otherwise_o than_o a_o judicial_a law_n fit_v for_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o the_o jew_n so_o the_o perpetual_a equity_n of_o sanctify_v the_o sabbath_n and_o of_o not_o steal_v abide_v although_o the_o kindle_v of_o a_o fire_n on_o that_o day_n be_v now_o arbitrary_a and_o the_o compensation_n of_o steal_v be_v leave_v to_o the_o positive_a law_n of_o each_o nation_n the_o same_o law_n that_o forbid_v we_o to_o steal_v bid_v we_o to_o relieve_v the_o poor_a and_o so_o do_v the_o equity_n of_o the_o law_n of_o usury_n it_o be_v sufficient_a that_o the_o general_a equity_n of_o this_o law_n be_v observe_v and_o the_o poor_a relieve_v but_o that_o in_o particular_a they_o must_v be_v relieve_v by_o the_o not_o take_v usury_n of_o they_o be_v not_o necessary_a it_o be_v a_o sin_n in_o any_o jew_n to_o take_v usury_n of_o his_o poor_a although_o he_o do_v relieve_v he_o otherways_o because_o god_n do_v restrain_v he_o to_o that_o particular_a manner_n of_o relieve_v the_o poor_a but_o with_o we_o it_o be_v otherwise_o if_o by_o any_o other_o mean_v we_o do_v sufficient_o relieve_v the_o poor_a then_o even_o the_o take_n of_o usury_n of_o they_o be_v no_o sin_n nor_o oppression_n concern_v the_o judicial_n of_o moses_n we_o must_v also_o observe_v that_o they_o be_v not_o so_o particular_a but_o that_o many_o thing_n be_v leave_v to_o the_o ordinance_n of_o the_o magistrate_n or_o high_a priest_n and_o humane_a ordinance_n as_o mr._n hooker_n do_v observe_v be_v many_o time_n presuppose_v as_o ground_n in_o the_o statute_n of_o god_n deut._n 24._o 10_o there_o be_v a_o judicial_a law_n which_o order_v only_o the_o manner_n how_o a_o pledge_n must_v be_v take_v this_o necessary_o do_v presuppose_v some_o former_a humane_a law_n that_o do_v order_v that_o pledge_n may_v be_v take_v even_o that_o ill_a law_n or_o custom_n of_o divorce_n deut._n 24._o 1._o be_v regulate_v by_o a_o judicial_a law_n that_o it_o may_v thereby_o be_v make_v less_o hurtful_a the_o reason_n why_o i_o note_v these_o thing_n be_v because_o the_o law_n of_o god_n concern_v usury_n do_v presuppose_v and_o be_v ground_v on_o a_o former_a law_n or_o custom_n of_o the_o jew_n which_o be_v then_o in_o use_n and_o practice_n and_o the_o special_a caution_n for_o the_o poor_a may_v leave_v the_o rich_a to_o the_o custom_n and_o law_n of_o the_o magistrate_n which_o do_v always_o regulate_v all_o sort_n of_o contract_n and_o whereas_o the_o law_n of_o moses_n do_v allow_v usury_n only_o to_o stranger_n it_o do_v not_o follow_v but_o that_o other_o that_o be_v neither_o poor_a nor_o stranger_n be_v leave_v to_o the_o ordinary_a law_n of_o the_o country_n no_o magistrate_n can_v give_v a_o dispensation_n for_o usury_n towards_o the_o poor_a nor_o a_o prohibition_n for_o it_o towards_o stranger_n so_o much_o as_o god_n order_v no_o humane_a law_n may_v alter_v as_o for_o other_o case_n not_o specify_v they_o be_v leave_v to_o the_o ordinary_a policy_n of_o the_o state_n for_o we_o must_v not_o think_v that_o god_n provide_v all_o the_o civil_a law_n of_o israel_n his_o especial_a care_n be_v to_o ordain_v law_n for_o the_o reformation_n of_o such_o sin_n as_o have_v be_v learn_v by_o his_o people_n of_o the_o egyptian_n or_o for_o the_o prevention_n of_o such_o as_o may_v be_v teach_v they_o by_o the_o canaanite_n i_o know_v that_o dr._n fenton_n do_v infer_v that_o the_o law_n which_o prohibit_v usury_n be_v moral_a pag._n 45._o because_o the_o allowance_n of_o it_o to_o stranger_n be_v only_o a_o judicial_a for_o unless_o it_o have_v be_v a_o sin_n what_o need_v a_o toleration_n since_o lawful_a thing_n have_v no_o need_n of_o a_o permission_n answ_n 1._o if_o the_o allow_v of_o usury_n to_o stranger_n be_v no_o law_n at_o all_o but_o only_o a_o exception_n or_o proviso_n annex_v to_o a_o former_a law_n than_o it_o can_v be_v no_o judicial_a all_o law_n do_v command_n or_o forbid_v something_o but_o this_o if_o it_o be_v a_o exception_n do_v neither_o because_o it_o leave_v the_o thing_n indifferent_a as_o it_o be_v the_o nature_n of_o all_o such_o proviso_n in_o statute_n but_o if_o they_o will_v have_v it_o to_o be_v a_o law_n than_o it_o must_v bind_v affirmative_o and_o not_o only_o that_o one_o may_v but_o that_o one_o must_v take_v usury_n of_o a_o stranger_n for_o in_o the_o original_a it_o be_v thou_o shall_v lend_v upon_o usury_n or_o shall_v cause_v to_o bite_v and_o the_o hebrew_n understand_v this_o to_o be_v a_o commandment_n and_o not_o a_o permission_n only_o second_o whereas_o they_o compare_v the_o allowance_n of_o usury_n to_o the_o permission_n of_o divorce_n they_o err_v notorious_o for_o the_o difference_n between_o allow_v and_o permit_v be_v most_o manifest_a as_o dr._n downam_n confess_v pag._n 298._o we_o allow_v those_o thing_n only_o which_o we_o suppose_v to_o be_v good_a or_o at_o least_o indifferent_a but_o we_o permit_v only_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v esteem_v evil_a god_n have_v say_v by_o moses_n thou_o may_v or_o thou_o shall_v take_v usury_n of_o
for_o the_o observation_n of_o this_o law_n god_n be_v careful_a that_o this_o lend_v shall_v be_v without_o usury_n he_o make_v no_o law_n to_o bind_v man_n to_o lend_v unto_o the_o rich_a and_o therefore_o there_o be_v no_o law_n to_o restrain_v take_v usury_n of_o they_o the_o lend_v to_o the_o poor_a be_v to_o be_v so_o free_a that_o it_o must_v be_v in_o the_o next_o degree_n to_o give_v and_o we_o find_v that_o to_o this_o law_n that_o command_v lend_v be_v add_v in_o the_o very_a next_o verse_n thou_o shall_v sure_o give_v he_o and_o thy_o heart_n shall_v not_o be_v grieve_v when_o thou_o give_v unto_o he_o likewise_o in_o levit._n 25._o it_o be_v say_v thou_o shall_v relieve_v he_o and_o then_o it_o follow_v present_o take_v no_o usury_n of_o he_o thus_o the_o scripture_n do_v couple_v the_o work_n of_o charity_n with_o the_o prohibition_n of_o usury_n to_o teach_v that_o they_o be_v both_o conversant_a about_o one_o and_o the_o same_o object_n therefore_o he_o that_o shall_v make_v the_o rich_a also_o the_o object_n of_o this_o law_n in_o deut._n he_o must_v of_o necessity_n invent_v some_o new_a end_n and_o reason_n of_o it_o more_o than_o the_o scripture_n do_v afford_v and_o also_o make_v the_o law_n themselves_o to_o differ_v whereas_o a_o true_a reason_n why_o the_o law_n in_o deut._n be_v in_o so_o short_a term_n may_v be_v for_o that_o the_o law_n have_v be_v twice_o before_o more_o particular_o set_v down_o moses_n do_v in_o deut._n only_o repeat_v it_o in_o brief_a and_o few_o word_n as_o be_v sufficient_a to_o call_v it_o to_o their_o remembrance_n now_o they_o be_v ready_a to_o enter_v into_o the_o land_n of_o promise_n if_o we_o consider_v also_o the_o unmercifulness_n of_o the_o jew_n among_o themselves_o it_o be_v high_a time_n to_o make_v provision_n for_o the_o poor_a they_o will_v not_o stick_v it_o seem_v to_o strip_v a_o poor_a man_n stark_o naked_a for_o a_o debt_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o law_n concern_v the_o restitution_n of_o pledge_n before_o sunset_a if_o they_o be_v the_o cover_n only_o and_o raiment_n for_o the_o skin_n wherein_o a_o man_n may_v sleep_v exod._n 22._o 26._o beside_o they_o will_v sorbear_v to_o lend_v to_o the_o poor_a because_o they_o be_v in_o danger_n to_o lose_v their_o debt_n if_o they_o do_v not_o recover_v it_o before_o the_o seven_o year_n the_o law_n be_v deut._n 15._o 1._o every_o seven_o year_n every_o creditor_n that_o dare_v aught_o unto_o his_o neighbour_n shall_v release_v it_o that_o which_o be_v thou_o with_o thy_o brother_n thy_o hand_n shall_v release_v this_o release_n of_o debt_n have_v the_o same_o end_n with_o the_o prohibition_n of_o usury_n the_o relief_n of_o the_o poor_a and_o although_o this_o law_n of_o release_n be_v deliver_v in_o the_o general_a term_n of_o neighbour_n and_o brother_n yet_o they_o must_v be_v understand_v only_o of_o the_o poor_a brother_n as_o it_o be_v most_o apparent_a by_o the_o exception_n follow_v in_o the_o four_o verse_n which_o say_v this_o release_n must_v not_o be_v save_o where_o there_o shall_v be_v no_o poor_a among_o you_o and_o in_o the_o 11._o verse_n after_o the_o release_n of_o debt_n and_o the_o lend_n to_o the_o poor_a enjoin_v the_o conclusion_n be_v for_o the_o poor_a shall_v never_o cease_v out_o of_o the_o land_n therefore_o lend_v to_o thy_o brother_n to_o thy_o poor_a and_o to_o thy_o needy_a in_o the_o land_n these_o place_n do_v teach_v we_o that_o this_o word_n brother_n be_v sometime_o in_o a_o special_a sense_n use_v for_o the_o poor_a this_o law_n of_o release_n make_v man_n afraid_a to_o lend_v and_o therefore_o god_n warn_v they_o in_o the_o nine_o verse_n beware_v that_o there_o be_v not_o a_o thought_n in_o thy_o wicked_a or_o belial_n heart_n say_v the_o seven_o year_n the_o year_n of_o release_n be_v at_o hand_n and_o thy_o eye_n be_v evil_a against_o thy_o poor_a brother_n and_o thou_o give_v he_o nought_o now_o since_o the_o law_n of_o god_n which_o prohibit_v usury_n only_o in_o three_o place_n have_v in_o the_o two_o first_o express_o name_v the_o poor_a and_o describe_v they_o and_o in_o the_o three_o clear_o intimate_v they_o by_o what_o reason_n conscience_n and_o charity_n can_v any_o man_n extend_v those_o law_n to_o all_o man_n in_o general_a which_o the_o holy_a ghost_n have_v so_o careful_o restrain_v to_o the_o poor_a and_o since_o the_o law_n first_o give_v against_o usury_n do_v mention_v oppression_n of_o the_o poor_a i_o wonder_v dr._n fenton_n will_v not_o fetch_v his_o definition_n from_o the_o text_n and_o call_v usury_n oppressive_a lend_v to_o the_o poor_a but_o never_o mention_v oppression_n of_o the_o poor_a he_o call_v it_o a_o covenant_n of_o gain_n for_o lend_v which_o be_v quite_o beside_o the_o text_n which_o seem_v only_o to_o forbid_v usury_n to_o such_o as_o stand_v in_o need_n to_o be_v relieve_v by_o our_o charity_n and_o for_o this_o cause_n i_o do_v conjecture_n calvin_n do_v say_v that_o unto_o he_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v by_o any_o testimony_n of_o scripture_n that_o all_o usury_n be_v altogether_o condemn_v and_o it_o be_v conceive_v that_o one_o reason_n why_o the_o law_n of_o moses_n do_v appoint_v no_o kind_n of_o judicial_a punishment_n for_o usury_n may_v be_v because_o the_o sin_n be_v determinable_a only_o by_o the_o judgement_n of_o a_o man_n own_o conscience_n and_o not_o by_o any_o precedent_a contract_n for_o gain_v as_o for_o those_o text_n in_o the_o psalm_n proverb_n and_o ezekiel_n their_o general_a word_n can_v make_v any_o new_a law_n but_o their_o rebuke_n and_o exhortation_n reâ—â—e_v to_o the_o breach_n or_o observance_n of_o the_o law_n former_o give_v by_o moses_n and_o even_o ezekiel_n who_o most_o declaim_v against_o usury_n ezek._n 18._o 17._o join_v it_o with_o make_v the_o poor_a sorrowful_a not_o give_v bread_n to_o the_o hungry_a and_o not_o clothing_n the_o naked_a nor_o can_v these_o text_n be_v any_o exposition_n of_o the_o law_n of_o moses_n against_o usury_n because_o the_o law_n themselves_o be_v express_v and_o explain_v in_o more_o particular_a significant_a term_n by_o moses_n than_o by_o david_n soloman_n or_o ezekiel_n who_o give_v but_o a_o touch_n 3_o of_o the_o name_n of_o usury_n i_o know_v the_o adversary_n to_o all_o usury_n do_v much_o triumph_n in_o their_o origination_n of_o the_o hebrew_n term_n for_o usury_n because_o it_o be_v derive_v from_o a_o root_n that_o signify_v to_o bite_v they_o conclude_v it_o be_v like_o the_o sting_n of_o a_o serpent_n and_o in_o that_o regard_n to_o be_v esteem_v as_o a_o abominable_a sin_n answ_n first_o we_o must_v remember_v that_o dr._n fenton_n do_v confess_v that_o name_n have_v be_v no_o definition_n and_o therefore_o be_v not_o demonstrative_a argument_n in_o any_o question_n second_o i_o do_v acknowledge_v that_o the_o original_a word_n neshec_n may_v well_o denote_v some_o malignant_a quality_n in_o usury_n and_o i_o conceive_v a_o true_a reason_n of_o it_o may_v be_v for_o that_o the_o first_o kind_n of_o borrow_v which_o be_v in_o the_o world_n or_o at_o the_o time_n when_o the_o law_n against_o usury_n be_v give_v be_v in_o case_n only_o of_o necessity_n and_o to_o ask_v a_o overplus_n in_o such_o case_n be_v a_o sin_n that_o well_o deserve_v the_o worst_a name_n we_o all_o know_v that_o riches_n of_o money_n and_o many_o other_o good_n be_v bring_v into_o the_o world_n by_o degree_n as_o art_n and_o trade_n be_v multiply_v by_o the_o industry_n and_o wit_n of_o man_n stately_a building_n rich_a furniture_n gorgeous_a apparel_n and_o dainty_a feast_n be_v not_o prepare_v against_o the_o creation_n of_o adam_n it_o be_v a_o long_a time_n before_o so_o much_o silver_n be_v dig_v up_o and_o coin_v as_o will_v fill_v man_n coffer_n that_o they_o may_v spare_v or_o employ_v large_a sum_n by_o the_o negotiation_n and_o traffic_n of_o other_o man_n first_o look_v after_o thing_n necessary_a only_o and_o the_o want_n of_o such_o thing_n teach_v they_o to_o borrow_v of_o one_o another_o also_o when_o the_o law_n be_v give_v the_o people_n of_o god_n say_v dr._n fenton_n p._n 10._o be_v travel_v in_o the_o desert_n and_o afterward_o be_v trouble_v with_o war_n in_o the_o land_n of_o canaan_n there_o be_v little_a borrow_v of_o money_n but_o only_o by_o the_o poor_a for_o the_o supply_n of_o their_o want_n and_o of_o they_o to_o take_v usury_n be_v more_o sensible_a bite_n and_o oppression_n in_o that_o they_o borrow_v not_o to_o lay_v out_o for_o commodity_n but_o to_o spend_v for_o necessity_n therefore_o david_n in_o his_o troublesome_a day_n use_v the_o word_n neshec_n only_o for_o usury_n as_o best_o fit_v those_o time_n where_o the_o poor_a be_v most_o bite_v by_o this_o sin_n in_o these_o
all_o which_o be_v reducible_a to_o some_o one_o commandment_n or_o other_o of_o the_o moral_a law_n if_o all_o the_o levitical_a law_n be_v read_v over_o it_o can_v be_v find_v that_o ever_o any_o judicial_a be_v deliver_v with_o such_o restriction_n qualification_n and_o diminish_v term_n as_o the_o law_n of_o usury_n thy_o brother_n thy_o poor_a brother_n thy_o poor_a brother_n that_o be_v with_o thou_o the_o general_a name_n of_o neighbour_n be_v not_o so_o much_o as_o use_v about_o it_o it_o be_v no_o where_o say_v thou_o shall_v take_v no_o usury_n of_o thy_o neighbour_n beside_o this_o law_n have_v a_o allowance_n which_o no_o other_o judicial_a have_v and_o last_o this_o law_n of_o usury_n take_v in_o the_o sense_n of_o our_o adversary_n for_o all_o increase_n from_o the_o rich_a also_o can_v be_v no_o breach_n of_o charity_n in_o some_o case_n and_o then_o there_o will_v be_v no_o equity_n in_o it_o which_o be_v find_v even_o in_o all_o judicial_n indeed_o i_o find_v dr._n downam_n bring_v to_o such_o straits_n as_o to_o maintain_v that_o there_o be_v other_o respect_n which_o make_v usury_n unlawful_a beside_o the_o hurt_n of_o the_o neighbour_n pag._n 295._o but_o if_o it_o be_v forbid_v by_o the_o moral_a law_n and_o that_o law_n be_v a_o branch_n of_o the_o second_o table_n as_o dr._n fenton_n affirm_v how_o it_o can_v be_v a_o sin_n without_o breach_n of_o charity_n to_o the_o neighbour_n pass_v my_o understanding_n since_o charity_n be_v the_o fulfil_n of_o the_o law_n whereas_o dr._n downam_n do_v compare_v usury_n to_o a_o officious_a lie_n which_o be_v a_o sin_n though_o it_o hurt_v not_o but_o help_v the_o neighbour_n pag._n 277._o it_o be_v true_a a_o officious_a lie_n be_v a_o sin_n but_o a_o sin_n against_o the_o first_o commandment_n of_o the_o first_o table_n as_o it_o be_v repugnant_a to_o truth_n which_o be_v a_o essential_a attribute_n of_o god_n every_o one_o that_o lie_v do_v thereby_o deny_v and_o forsake_v the_o true_a god_n let_v dr._n downam_n tell_v we_o which_o commandment_n of_o the_o first_o table_n be_v by_o usury_n violate_v it_o be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o say_v that_o all_o usury_n be_v a_o breach_n of_o our_o allegiance_n to_o god_n this_o be_v but_o beg_v of_o the_o question_n unless_o this_o disobedience_n can_v be_v refer_v to_o some_o particular_a precept_n of_o the_o decalogue_n as_o the_o officious_a lie_n be_v to_o be_v first_o as_o for_o general_a disobedience_n it_o be_v a_o sin_n that_o go_v through_o all_o the_o commandment_n and_o be_v to_o be_v refer_v to_o each_o particular_a precept_n according_a to_o the_o several_a object_n of_o it_o it_o be_v further_a insist_v on_o that_o the_o prohibition_n of_o usury_n be_v couple_v in_o ezekiel_n 18._o with_o sin_n against_o the_o moral_a law_n from_o thence_o a_o inference_n be_v make_v that_o itself_o must_v be_v moral_a answ_n 1._o if_o we_o look_v upon_o other_o scripture_n we_o shall_v find_v judicial_n and_o moral_n mingle_v together_o in_o the_o give_n of_o the_o law_n we_o may_v see_v in_o levit._n 19_o 9_o the_o prohibition_n of_o reap_v the_o corner_n of_o the_o field_n and_o glean_v the_o vineyard_n which_o be_v judicial_n set_v immediate_o before_o the_o forbid_a of_o steal_v lie_v and_o swear_v which_o be_v parcel_n of_o the_o moral_a law_n in_o the_o 13._o verse_n of_o the_o same_o chapter_n it_o be_v say_v thou_o shall_v not_o defraud_v thy_o neighbour_n nor_o rob_v he_o the_o wage_n of_o he_o that_o be_v hire_v shall_v not_o abide_v with_o thou_o all_o night_n until_o the_o morning_n the_o former_a of_o these_o be_v moral_a the_o latter_a be_v judicial_a and_o also_o in_o the_o 16._o verse_n the_o prohibition_n of_o enchantment_n or_o witchcraft_n be_v set_v between_o the_o forbid_v of_o eat_a blood_n and_o round_v the_o corner_n of_o the_o head_n and_o mar_v the_o corner_n of_o the_o beard_n second_o whereas_o dr._n downam_n say_v pag_n 219._o the_o holy_a ghost_n decipher_v a_o wicked_a man_n that_o shall_v die_v the_o death_n if_o he_o do_v any_o of_o these_o thing_n we_o find_v first_o that_o the_o word_n in_o the_o orginal_a be_v if_o he_o do_v like_a to_o any_o one_o of_o these_o thing_n or_o as_o our_o new_a translation_n have_v it_o in_o the_o margin_n or_o that_o do_v to_o his_o brother_n beside_o any_o of_o these_o three_o whereas_o dr._n downam_n conjoyn_v these_o sin_n by_o the_o disjumctive_a or_o our_o new_a translator_n use_v the_o copulative_a and_o last_o to_o confound_v dr._n downam_n opinion_n the_o text_n in_o the_o 13._o verse_n say_v he_o have_v do_v all_o these_o abomination_n he_o shall_v sure_o die_v and_o good_a reason_n for_o some_o of_o the_o crime_n be_v capital_a by_o the_o law_n of_o moses_n as_o idolatry_n and_o adultery_n but_o usury_n or_o the_o take_n and_o keep_v of_o a_o pledge_n have_v no_o kind_n of_o punishment_n appoint_v by_o moses_n neither_o have_v any_o man_n deny_v but_o that_o the_o law_n of_o restore_v the_o pledge_n be_v judicial_a and_o not_o moral_a but_o let_v it_o be_v grant_v to_o dr._n downam_n that_o which_o he_o can_v never_o prove_v that_o death_n be_v threaten_v by_o ezekiel_n to_o usury_n may_v it_o not_o still_o be_v a_o judicial_a law_n for_o all_o that_o be_v not_o the_o law_n in_o exod._n 21._o 1._o a_o judicial_a whereby_o it_o be_v order_v that_o a_o hebrew-bond-servant_n shall_v at_o seven_o year_n end_n be_v free_a and_o at_o liberty_n yet_o god_n do_v threaten_v the_o people_n for_o break_v this_o law_n by_o reassume_v their_o servant_n with_o a_o liberty_n to_o the_o sword_n to_o the_o pestilence_n and_o to_o the_o famine_n jerem._n 34._o 17._o also_o in_o numb_a 15._o 35._o the_o man_n that_o gather_v stick_n on_o the_o sabbath_n day_n be_v stone_v by_o god_n appointment_n and_o yet_o the_o law_n be_v but_o judicial_a and_o not_o moral_a before_o i_o conclude_v this_o question_n about_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o law_n against_o usury_n it_o be_v not_o impertinent_a to_o remove_v a_o scruple_n that_o be_v object_v it_o may_v be_v ask_v of_o i_o that_o maintain_v there_o be_v no_o law_n in_o scripture_n now_o in_o force_n against_o usury_n what_o text_n can_v be_v show_v that_o it_o be_v lawful_a answ_n there_o need_v none_o for_o if_o the_o law_n of_o god_n do_v not_o now_o forbid_v it_o it_o be_v sufficient_a that_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n reason_n and_o custom_n do_v make_v it_o lawful_a about_o thing_n easy_a and_o manifest_a say_v mr._n hooker_n by_o common_a sense_n there_o need_v no_o high_a consultation_n the_o mean_n of_o some_o thing_n be_v such_o that_o to_o search_v the_o scripture_n of_o god_n for_o the_o order_n of_o they_o be_v to_o derogate_v from_o the_o reverend_a authority_n and_o dignity_n of_o the_o scripture_n if_o i_o shall_v ask_v dr._n fenton_n what_o text_n he_o have_v to_o prove_v that_o let_v of_o land_n be_v lawful_a it_o will_v ask_v he_o some_o time_n to_o find_v it_o or_o how_o he_o can_v warrant_v the_o sell_n of_o land_n which_o be_v express_o forbid_v in_o the_o law_n levit._n 25._o 23._o it_o may_v be_v i_o can_v allege_v as_o good_a a_o text_n for_o usury_n i_o think_v the_o 6_o of_o luke_n which_o be_v allege_v against_o it_o may_v with_o better_a reason_n be_v produce_v for_o it_o and_o if_o we_o will_v stand_v to_o the_o literal_a and_o common_a sense_n of_o the_o word_n in_o the_o original_a we_o may_v conclude_v that_o it_o be_v not_o only_o allow_v but_o command_v there_o what_o exception_n can_v be_v take_v if_o a_o man_n shall_v translate_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d lend_v upon_o usury_n be_v not_o that_o the_o proper_a signification_n of_o the_o word_n in_o all_o author_n have_v not_o the_o latin_a borrow_v the_o word_n danista_n a_o usurer_n and_o danisma_n usury_n from_o the_o greek_a although_o our_o translation_n say_v only_o lend_v this_o general_a word_n may_v also_o comprehend_v lend_v upon_o use_n it_o accord_v with_o the_o original_a and_o cross_v not_o the_o translation_n but_o it_o may_v be_v lend_v upon_o usury_n may_v be_v here_o in_o this_o text_n allow_v by_o our_o adversary_n if_o we_o will_v observe_v as_o it_o follow_v in_o the_o text_n to_o look_v for_o nothing_o again_o these_o word_n of_o look_v or_o hope_v for_o nothing_o again_o although_o they_o be_v answerable_a to_o the_o vulgar_a translation_n yet_o in_o the_o original_a they_o have_v another_o more_o proper_a signification_n as_o be_v show_v by_o beza_n who_o be_v no_o friend_n to_o usury_n you_o shall_v have_v his_o word_n in_o his_o annotation_n upon_o luke_n 6._o 35._o i_o confess_v say_v he_o that_o i_o never_o read_v in_o any_o other_o place_n the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o this_o signification_n to_o hope_v
so_o it_o may_v be_v conditional_a if_o the_o borrower_n gain_v and_o this_o conditional_a gain_n can_v only_o be_v by_o partnership_n as_o for_o let_v of_o money_n upon_o condition_n of_o the_o borrower_n gain_v it_o be_v a_o course_n as_o mischievous_a and_o impossible_a as_o the_o let_n of_o land_n upon_o like_a condition_n without_o experience_n no_o man_n can_v sufficient_o describe_v it_o it_o will_v make_v all_o bargain_n to_o be_v nothing_o but_o suit_n in_o law_n no_o debt_n shall_v be_v due_a but_o upon_o proof_n and_o witness_n examine_v nay_o there_o be_v no_o possibility_n of_o know_v man_n gain_n or_o loss_n without_o rack_a their_o conscience_n and_o open_v a_o gap_n to_o perjury_n for_o every_o unthrift_n in_o his_o own_o cause_n or_o if_o loss_n and_o gain_n can_v be_v discover_v how_o shall_v it_o appear_v whether_o it_o be_v by_o default_n of_o the_o party_n or_o by_o the_o act_n of_o god_n many_o time_n they_o both_o concur_v and_o be_v so_o twist_v that_o no_o eye_n of_o reason_n can_v distinguish_v they_o in_o effect_n hereby_o every_o man_n be_v tie_v to_o have_v a_o eye_n to_o watch_v the_o disburse_n of_o every_o penny_n which_o he_o lend_v which_o be_v a_o thing_n impossible_a and_o therefore_o the_o law_n of_o reason_n and_o of_o all_o nation_n do_v think_v it_o fit_a to_o tolerate_v sometime_o a_o mischief_n which_o may_v happen_v by_o a_o unfortunate_a bargain_n upon_o a_o absolute_a contract_n than_o to_o allow_v of_o a_o perpetual_a inconvenience_n which_o will_v follow_v a_o conditional_a covenant_n and_o overthrow_v the_o contract_n of_o all_o commonwealth_n in_o all_o let_v there_o be_v a_o consideration_n have_v of_o the_o casualty_n and_o because_o there_o may_v be_v a_o possibility_n of_o extraordinary_a gain_n it_o must_v counter-value_n the_o extraordinary_a loss_n if_o any_o happen_v both_o which_o be_v contingent_a and_o seldom_o happen_v they_o be_v set_v one_o against_o the_o other_o and_o a_o middle_n indifferent_a rate_n between_o they_o which_o do_v ordinary_o happen_v belong_v to_o the_o lender_n who_o be_v not_o to_o partake_v in_o the_o extreme_n because_o it_o be_v rare_o to_o be_v show_v that_o any_o loss_n can_v befall_v a_o man_n in_o lifeless_a good_n mere_o by_o the_o act_n of_o god_n without_o the_o concurrence_n of_o some_o fault_n of_o man_n either_o of_o negligence_n ignorance_n indiscretion_n wilfulness_n or_o the_o like_a to_o conclude_v the_o rule_n that_o guide_v the_o valuation_n of_o all_o contract_n be_v not_o what_o casual_o be_v or_o may_v be_v but_o what_o ordinary_o be_v like_a to_o happen_v as_o for_o partnership_n which_o be_v a_o project_n much_o magnify_v by_o the_o adversary_n of_o usury_n let_v it_o be_v examine_v what_o it_o be_v those_o be_v true_o partner_n who_o in_o a_o joint_a stock_n communicate_v their_o pain_n and_o travel_n so_o that_o a_o equal_a industry_n and_o privity_n go_v along_o with_o the_o employment_n of_o the_o stock_n there_o the_o trust_n be_v reciprocal_a the_o covenant_n may_v be_v equal_a and_o the_o law_n do_v relieve_v man_n upon_o their_o covenant_n and_o mutual_a agreement_n in_o such_o partnership_n but_o in_o this_o their_o pretend_a partnership_n where_o there_o be_v but_o a_o trust_n of_o one_o side_n no_o equality_n of_o pain_n no_o privity_n in_o trade_n no_o partnership_n in_o the_o matter_n of_o stock_n nor_o in_o the_o form_n or_o consent_v of_o negotiation_n but_o only_o a_o partnership_n in_o the_o gain_n this_o can_v true_o be_v call_v a_o partnership_n but_o it_o be_v only_o the_o office_n of_o master_n and_o servant_n under_o another_o name_n or_o false_a title_n and_o differ_v only_o in_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o wage_n which_o this_o their_o case_n of_o partnership_n be_v contingent_a and_o in_o the_o other_o absolute_a beside_o in_o this_o their_o counterfeit_a partnership_n a_o man_n may_v make_v no_o covenant_n that_o can_v be_v good_a in_o law_n nor_o so_o much_o as_o take_v a_o bond_n for_o his_o principal_n but_o he_o must_v only_o trust_v to_o the_o honesty_n of_o his_o friend_n since_o no_o article_n can_v be_v make_v that_o shall_v be_v legal_a except_o they_o be_v usurious_a nor_o can_v be_v draw_v so_o reasonable_a as_o a_o honest_a man_n will_v be_v bind_v by_o they_o or_o so_o firm_a that_o a_o dishonest_a man_n can_v safe_o break_v they_o it_o seem_v to_o i_o that_o after_o all_o the_o stir_n about_o usury_n dr._n fenton_n and_o all_o his_o fellow_n do_v allow_v of_o usury_n under_o another_o name_n interest_n they_o all_o agree_v a_o man_n may_v lawful_o take_v so_o it_o be_v against_o his_o will_n that_o be_v when_o a_o man_n detain_v his_o money_n from_o he_o against_o his_o will_n but_o if_o a_o man_n be_v so_o courteous_a as_o to_o consent_v that_o another_o shall_v keep_v his_o money_n he_o must_v then_o stand_v to_o the_o courtesy_n of_o the_o borrower_n now_o that_o which_o they_o do_v call_v interest_n they_o do_v allow_v in_o two_o case_n either_o where_o there_o be_v first_o damnum_fw-la contingens_fw-la a_o loss_n arise_v or_o second_o where_o there_o be_v lucrum_fw-la cessans_fw-la gain_n cease_v so_o that_o if_o either_o a_o man_n receive_v damage_n or_o that_o his_o gain_n be_v but_o hinder_v he_o may_v take_v interest_n now_o in_o all_o lend_v a_o man_n gain_n be_v hinder_v because_o he_o have_v not_o his_o money_n to_o employ_v when_o occasion_n serve_v or_o shall_v be_v offer_v nor_o be_v it_o requisite_a that_o cease_v gain_n must_v be_v certain_o prove_v for_o that_o be_v impossible_a be_v a_o thing_n contingent_a but_o a_o probable_a estimation_n of_o it_o may_v be_v allow_v by_o dr._n downams_n confession_n pag._n 166._o and_o in_o all_o probability_n gain_n cease_v or_o be_v hinder_v wheresoever_o there_o be_v lend_v therefore_o by_o this_o their_o own_o scholastical_a distinction_n there_o be_v interest_n due_a for_o all_o lend_v only_o successive_a or_o interusury_n which_o be_v before_o delay_n of_o payment_n they_o will_v fain_o exclude_v but_o if_o interest_n be_v as_o their_o own_o melancthon_n say_v a_o debt_n which_o he_o owe_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n who_o have_v be_v to_o another_o a_o effectual_a cause_n of_o damage_n or_o have_v hinder_v his_o gain_n because_o nature_n teach_v that_o no_o man_n must_v be_v enrich_v by_o the_o hinder_v of_o another_o according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o st._n paul_n 2_o cor._n 8._o 13._o that_o one_o be_v not_o ease_v that_o another_o may_v be_v burden_v then_o it_o will_v follow_v that_o delay_n of_o payment_n do_v natural_o begin_v from_o the_o first_o minute_n of_o lend_v if_o any_o will_v abridge_v himself_o of_o the_o privilege_n of_o nature_n by_o the_o give_a day_n for_o payment_n yet_o if_o it_o be_v by_o a_o covenant_n conditional_a to_o pay_v so_o much_o interest_n at_o the_o day_n appoint_v than_o such_o a_o contract_n be_v but_o the_o ratify_n of_o a_o natural_a debt_n with_o a_o dilatory_a payment_n for_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o borrower_n thus_o after_o all_o their_o pretend_a impediment_n of_o let_v money_n they_o be_v force_v to_o confess_v at_o last_o that_o a_o interest_n may_v be_v just_o due_a and_o take_v which_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o hire_n a_o recompense_n or_o a_o increase_n of_o it_o the_o sole_a doubt_n they_o make_v be_v about_o the_o contract_n for_o interusury_n neither_o be_v dr._n fenton_n nor_o dr._n downam_n so_o stiff_a against_o contract_n when_o they_o come_v to_o the_o point_n as_o at_o first_o they_o make_v show_v of_o dr._n fenton_n say_v pag._n 64._o it_o be_v great_a reason_n that_o the_o debtor_n shall_v trust_v the_o creditor_n charity_n and_o not_o the_o creditor_n rely_v upon_o the_o fidelity_n of_o the_o debtor_n and_o bond_n may_v in_o some_o case_n be_v lawful_o make_v which_o can_v so_o lawful_o be_v exact_v this_o he_o speak_v of_o contract_n without_o any_o condition_n of_o hazard_n express_v also_o dr._n downam_n do_v add_v that_o if_o there_o be_v a_o covenant_n of_o the_o one_o side_n in_o eventum_fw-la lucri_fw-la to_o partake_v of_o the_o gain_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n but_o a_o purpose_n of_o bear_v part_n of_o the_o loss_n i_o will_v not_o altogether_o condemn_v such_o a_o contract_n pag_n 163._o thus_o both_o these_o divine_n do_v consent_n that_o a_o contract_n may_v be_v make_v for_o interest_n if_o there_o be_v but_o a_o purpose_n in_o the_o lender_n not_o to_o exact_v or_o oppress_v thereby_o yet_o like_o man_n uncertain_a and_o doubtful_a what_o to_o conclude_v they_o sometime_o allow_v a_o man_n to_o take_v interest_n so_o he_o do_v not_o contract_v for_o it_o at_o other_o time_n to_o contract_n for_o it_o so_o he_o do_v not_o take_v it_o p._n 27._o one_o while_o a_o bond_n may_v be_v lawful_o make_v so_o it_o be_v not_o exact_v another_o while_o
i_o must_v produce_v some_o place_n of_o judicious_a hooker_n the_o will_n of_o god_n say_v he_o by_o which_o we_o be_v to_o judge_v our_o action_n no_o sound_n divine_a in_o the_o world_n ever_o deny_v to_o be_v in_o part_n make_v manifest_a even_o by_o the_o light_n of_o nature_n and_o not_o by_o scripture_n alone_o pag._n 97._o and_o he_o add_v in_o another_o place_n that_o there_o may_v be_v a_o certain_a belief_n ground_v upon_o other_o assurance_n than_o scripture_n we_o be_v say_v to_o believe_v whatsoever_o we_o be_v certain_o persuade_v of_o whether_o it_o be_v by_o reason_n or_o sense_n pag._n 60._o and_o in_o a_o three_o he_o give_v this_o reason_n it_o be_v not_o require_v nor_o can_v be_v exact_v at_o our_o hand_n that_o we_o shall_v yield_v unto_o any_o thing_n other_o assent_n than_o such_o as_o do_v answer_v the_o evidence_n which_o be_v to_o be_v have_v of_o that_o we_o assent_n unto_o for_o which_o cause_n even_o in_o matter_n divine_a concern_v some_o thing_n we_o may_v lawful_o doubt_v of_o some_o thing_n we_o may_v very_o well_o retain_v a_o opinion_n that_o they_o be_v probable_a and_o not_o unlikely_a to_o be_v true_a then_o be_v our_o conscience_n best_o resolve_v and_o in_o most_o agreeable_a sort_n unto_o god_n and_o nature_n settle_v when_o they_o be_v so_o far_o persuade_v as_o those_o ground_n of_o persuasion_n which_o be_v to_o be_v have_v will_v bear_v which_o thing_n i_o so_o much_o the_o rather_o set_v down_o for_o that_o i_o see_v how_o a_o number_n of_o soul_n be_v for_o want_v of_o right_a information_n in_o this_o point_n oftentimes_o grievous_o vex_v when_o bare_a and_o unbridled_a conclusion_n be_v put_v into_o their_o mind_n they_o find_v not_o themselves_o to_o have_v thereof_o any_o great_a certainty_n imagine_v this_o proceed_v only_o from_o lack_n of_o faith_n and_o that_o the_o spirit_n of_o god_n do_v not_o work_v in_o they_o as_o it_o do_v in_o true_a believer_n by_o this_o mean_v their_o heart_n be_v much_o trouble_v they_o fall_v into_o anguish_n and_o perplexity_n whereas_o the_o truth_n be_v that_o how_o bold_a and_o confident_a soever_o we_o may_v be_v in_o word_n when_o it_o come_v to_o the_o point_n of_o trial_n such_o as_o the_o evidence_n be_v which_o the_o truth_n have_v either_o in_o itself_o or_o through_o proof_n such_o be_v the_o heart_n assent_v thereto_o neither_o can_v it_o be_v strong_a be_v ground_v as_o it_o shall_v be_v page_n 73._o 74._o thus_o far_o mr._n hooker_n therefore_o it_o be_v no_o argument_n to_o conclude_v that_o because_o the_o scripture_n do_v not_o allow_v usury_n therefore_o it_o may_v not_o be_v use_v for_o if_o the_o scripture_n do_v not_o absolute_o condemn_v it_o it_o be_v sufficient_a if_o reason_n or_o sense_n do_v guide_v our_o belief_n for_o the_o practice_n of_o it_o i_o leave_v those_o that_o doubt_v to_o consider_v what_o dr._n fenton_n himself_o say_v within_o a_o few_o line_n in_o the_o same_o page_n p._n 75._o this_o usury_n which_o we_o have_v in_o hand_n be_v no_o principle_n of_o faith_n no_o mystery_n of_o salvation_n to_o be_v apprehend_v in_o the_o simplicity_n of_o belief_n but_o a_o point_n of_o morality_n belong_v to_o the_o second_o table_n and_o so_o determinable_a by_o the_o rule_n of_o equity_n and_o charity_n it_o be_v object_v p._n 77._o that_o it_o be_v scandalous_a and_o therefore_o unlawful_a answ_n if_o scandal_n be_v take_v and_o not_o give_v it_o be_v not_o in_o itself_o unlawful_a still_o he_o fly_v from_o the_o question_n 7._o of_o the_o unnaturalness_n of_o usury_n a_o four_o reason_n of_o dr._n fenton_n be_v p._n 91._o that_o the_o increase_n of_o money_n be_v unnatural_a therefore_o unlawful_a answ_n this_o be_v no_o argument_n of_o divinity_n from_o scripture_n but_o of_o philosophy_n from_o aristotle_n second_o if_o it_o be_v of_o force_n it_o serve_v only_o against_o usury_n of_o money_n but_o not_o of_o all_o other_o thing_n three_o it_o be_v confess_v that_o money_n consider_v as_o it_o be_v a_o metal_n be_v not_o perhaps_o by_o nature_n apt_a to_o generation_n &_o increase_n and_o yet_o even_o that_o may_v be_v doubt_v of_o but_o money_n consider_v as_o it_o be_v money_n which_o be_v not_o nature_n have_v produce_v may_v be_v allow_v a_o artificial_a increase_n or_o gain_v as_o well_o as_o house_n ship_n and_o mamy_n other_o thing_n not_o natural_a policy_n have_v ordain_v the_o value_n of_o metal_n to_o be_v the_o common_a rule_n and_o measure_n for_o the_o worth_n of_o all_o thing_n vendible_a and_o by_o common_a estimation_n it_o be_v account_v in_o the_o place_n and_o stead_n of_o such_o thing_n so_o that_o in_o opinion_n and_o use_n money_n be_v both_o land_n house_n horse_n corn_n or_o any_o thing_n that_o be_v value_v by_o it_o even_o man_n himself_o who_o in_o worth_n exceed_v all_o other_o creature_n be_v by_o god_n own_o valuation_n prize_v at_o a_o certain_a sum_n of_o money_n and_o fifty_o shekel_n of_o silver_n be_v accept_v by_o god_n in_o the_o place_n and_o stead_n of_o a_o man_n who_o by_o vow_n belong_v unto_o he_o levit._fw-la 27_o 3._o it_o be_v then_o so_o apparent_a that_o money_n be_v by_o art_n take_v and_o use_v for_o all_o thing_n valuable_a both_o by_o man_n and_o god_n himself_o who_o have_v his_o peculiar_a coin_n the_o shekel_n of_o the_o sanctuary_n for_o all_o sacred_a use_n exodus_fw-la 30._o 13._o it_o follow_v in_o all_o reason_n that_o since_o the_o nature_n of_o most_o thing_n that_o be_v value_v and_o sell_v be_v to_o bring_v forth_o a_o increase_n that_o money_n itself_o also_o which_o be_v esteem_v for_o they_o shall_v do_v the_o like_a or_o else_o art_n be_v frustrate_v of_o her_o intention_n who_o find_v out_o the_o use_n of_o money_n only_o for_o the_o ease_n and_o benefit_n of_o trade_n which_o prove_v to_o be_v a_o discommodity_n if_o the_o benefit_n of_o inincrease_n be_v lose_v by_o the_o conversion_n into_o money_n it_o be_v further_a object_v by_o dr._n fenton_n that_o money_n may_v not_o be_v let_v for_o hire_n as_o a_o horse_n a_o house_n or_o a_o cow_n because_o these_o thing_n be_v the_o worse_a for_o let_v answ_n what_o think_v he_o may_v a_o man_n take_v hire_v for_o a_o house_n when_o he_o bind_v the_o lessee_n to_o leave_v it_o in_o as_o good_a repair_n as_o he_o find_v it_o many_o time_n a_o horse_n by_o a_o moderate_a journey_n after_o long_a rest_n be_v the_o better_a whether_o may_v the_o letter_n take_v money_n for_o his_o hire_n if_o this_o argument_n be_v sound_a that_o no_o hire_n ought_v to_o be_v take_v but_o where_o the_o thing_n be_v the_o worse_a for_o use_v than_o i_o believe_v all_o the_o rent_n that_o have_v be_v pay_v for_o land_n since_o noah_n flood_n have_v be_v unjust_o take_v for_o it_o will_v hardly_o appear_v that_o any_o acre_n of_o land_n be_v worse_a now_o than_o in_o his_o day_n since_o many_o acre_n be_v better_v by_o tillage_n and_o manure_v which_o by_o lie_a waste_n be_v hurt_v and_o house_n also_o decay_v most_o for_o want_n of_o inhabit_v the_o true_a rule_n of_o let_v be_v not_o only_o the_o lender_n loss_n in_o the_o impair_n of_o the_o thing_n lend_v but_o the_o borrower_n gain_v by_o the_o use_n of_o it_o and_o we_o must_v consider_v as_o well_o what_o the_o owner_n be_v the_o worse_a by_o the_o want_n of_o that_o use_n as_o what_o the_o thing_n lend_v be_v impair_v if_o another_o use_v my_o land_n though_o it_o be_v not_o the_o worse_o yet_o he_o be_v the_o better_a by_o have_v the_o crop_n of_o it_o and_o i_o be_o the_o worse_a by_o want_v that_o benefit_n of_o it_o which_o he_o make_v therefore_o i_o just_o challenge_v rend_v for_o it_o the_o like_a case_n be_v for_o money_n the_o borrower_n have_v the_o use_n of_o it_o and_o though_o the_o money_n be_v not_o the_o worse_a for_o use_v yet_o the_o lender_n be_v the_o worse_a by_o miss_v the_o commodity_n which_o the_o other_o make_v of_o it_o and_o the_o borrower_n be_v better_v by_o the_o employment_n of_o it_o also_o it_o be_v object_v pag._n 148._o that_o money_n be_v void_a of_o all_o immediate_a use_n in_o itself_o to_o the_o possessor_n while_o he_o do_v enjoy_v it_o answ_n so_o it_o be_v with_o land_n which_o immediate_o neither_o clothes_n nor_o feed_v any_o man_n but_o by_o the_o mediation_n of_o tillage_n and_o pasturage_n both_o be_v effect_v and_o though_o no_o man_n immediate_o eat_v or_o wear_v money_n yet_o by_o the_o mean_n of_o it_o food_n and_o raiment_n be_v procure_v another_o objection_n be_v that_o money_n the_o more_o it_o do_v increase_v the_o more_o it_o may_v which_o be_v unnatural_a and_o contrary_a to_o other_o increase_n answ_n it_o be_v so_o in_o other_o sort_n of_o increase_n for_o one_o sheep_n bring_v forth_o
a_o lamb_n and_o that_o sheep_n and_o lamb_n in_o time_n bring_v forth_o a_o double_a increase_n which_o multiply_v to_o a_o three_o and_o so_o forward_o so_o one_o hundred_o pound_n bring_v forth_o ten_o pound_n and_o both_o together_o in_o time_n increase_v to_o produce_v eleven_o pound_n the_o only_a difference_n be_v that_o money_n be_v more_o durable_a than_o other_o fruitful_a thing_n which_o by_o course_n of_o nature_n be_v more_o perishable_a 8._o of_o the_o ungodliness_n of_o usury_n it_o be_v ungodly_a and_o impious_a against_o the_o first_o table_n because_o it_o depend_v not_o upon_o god_n providence_n but_o be_v assure_v by_o bond_n against_o the_o act_n of_o god_n answ_n 1._o dr._n fenton_n forget_v that_o he_o say_v usury_n belong_v to_o the_o second_o table_n why_o be_v it_o here_o make_v a_o breach_n of_o the_o first_o second_o the_o usurer_n security_n be_v to_o arm_v himself_o against_o the_o ordinary_a fraud_n negligence_n or_o other_o folly_n of_o the_o borrower_n if_o by_o the_o hand_n of_o god_n a_o extraordinary_a loss_n do_v happen_v by_o the_o like_a mean_n also_o a_o extraordinary_a gain_n may_v be_v raise_v sometime_o both_o which_o belong_v to_o the_o borrower_n except_o the_o mercy_n of_o the_o lender_n to_o who_o he_o be_v to_o trust_v relieve_v he_o and_o sure_o the_o usurer_n have_v great_a cause_n and_o seem_v also_o to_o trust_n god_n more_o than_o any_o other_o man_n and_o be_v least_o arm_v against_o he_o he_o have_v need_n pray_v against_o foul_a weather_n tempest_n wind_n and_o wrack_n for_o although_o he_o be_v no_o husbandman_n merchant_n trades-man_n no_o labourer_n yet_o by_o the_o thrive_a of_o all_o these_o he_o must_v live_v if_o all_o or_o any_o of_o these_o miscarry_v it_o be_v not_o his_o bond_n many_o time_n which_o help_v he_o neither_o against_o the_o hand_n of_o god_n only_o be_v he_o unarm_v but_o against_o the_o fraud_n of_o man_n many_o time_n his_o security_n can_v defend_v he_o how_o many_o have_v be_v defraud_v of_o their_o principal_a debt_n by_o fraudulent_a deed_n of_o gift_n by_o conceal_v of_o good_n and_o divers_a other_o way_n it_o be_v true_a some_o few_o in_o a_o city_n may_v sometime_o attain_v to_o a_o note_a wealth_n by_o usury_n but_o these_o be_v but_o as_o cypher_n in_o comparison_n of_o hundred_o who_o live_v by_o the_o like_a employment_n of_o money_n do_v scarce_o attain_v to_o a_o moderate_a gain_n whereby_o to_o maintain_v themselves_o in_o their_o first_o condition_n and_o many_o time_n as_o skilful_a usurer_n as_o the_o best_a what_o by_o the_o loss_n sometime_o of_o interest_n sometime_o of_o principal_a and_o other_o while_n of_o both_o and_o many_o time_n by_o the_o lie_v still_o of_o their_o money_n for_o want_v of_o reasonable_a security_n have_v prove_v in_o the_o end_n perfect_a beggar_n by_o this_o trade_n and_o what_o great_a argument_n can_v there_o be_v of_o the_o hazard_n and_o danger_n of_o money_n that_o be_v lend_v than_o the_o common_a opinion_n of_o the_o world_n which_o esteem_v a_o small_a revenue_n in_o land_n of_o fee_n simple_a more_o safe_a and_o certain_a than_o almost_o a_o double_a increase_n in_o money_n with_o perpetual_a hazard_n and_o for_o this_o cause_n land_n be_v dear_a than_o money_n as_o for_o take_v of_o bond_n for_o payment_n it_o be_v no_o more_o injurious_a to_o the_o providence_n of_o god_n than_o to_o have_v a_o bond_n or_o covenant_n of_o a_o tenant_n for_o the_o payment_n of_o his_o rent_n for_o although_o some_o year_n by_o the_o unseasonableness_n of_o the_o year_n or_o by_o some_o other_o act_n of_o god_n the_o land_n yield_v not_o the_o rent_n contract_v for_o yet_o the_o tenant_n be_v absolute_o bind_v to_o pay_v it_o without_o any_o condition_n of_o gain_v so_o much_o by_o the_o land_n and_o the_o reason_n be_v ground_v upon_o great_a equity_n and_o be_v all_o one_o both_o for_o contract_n of_o land_n and_o money_n to_o be_v absolute_a nither_o god_n nor_o nature_n have_v proportion_v the_o valuation_n of_o land_n commodity_n or_o money_n no_o text_n can_v be_v bring_v to_o prove_v a_o acre_n must_v be_v just_o sell_v at_o such_o a_o price_n or_o a_o commodity_n at_o such_o a_o rate_n the_o worth_n of_o thing_n in_o proportion_n one_o to_o another_o be_v a_o humane_a arbitrary_a custom_n ground_v upon_o the_o several_a necessity_n or_o opinion_n of_o each_o particular_a nation_n thus_o the_o common_a estimation_n do_v allow_v land_n good_n and_o money_n take_v with_o all_o casualty_n hazard_n and_o charge_n to_o be_v worth_a one_o year_n with_o another_o about_o a_o certain_a value_n and_o it_o be_v reasonable_a that_o such_o a_o certain_a value_n shall_v be_v contract_v for_o so_o that_o as_o the_o seller_n or_o letter_n be_v not_o to_o participate_v of_o the_o extraordinary_a gain_n that_o may_v be_v raise_v so_o he_o be_v not_o to_o sustain_v the_o loss_n if_o any_o do_v happen_v 9_o of_o the_o injustice_n of_o usury_n it_o be_v further_a urge_v pag._n 98._o that_o it_o be_v unjust_a because_o it_o take_v hire_v for_o loan_n and_o sell_v charity_n which_o shall_v be_v free_a so_o that_o thing_n be_v not_o lend_v but_o let_v if_o they_o go_v for_o hire_v answ_n 1._o dr._n fenton_n can_v show_v no_o reason_n why_o money_n may_v not_o be_v let_v as_o well_o as_o lend_v as_o well_o as_o a_o house_n or_o a_o horse_n which_o may_v be_v both_o i_o ought_v in_o great_a necessity_n to_o lend_v free_o to_o the_o poor_a yet_o this_o work_n of_o charity_n do_v not_o hinder_v i_o from_o let_v the_o same_o thing_n where_o there_o be_v not_o the_o like_a necessity_n if_o the_o use_n of_o money_n for_o a_o time_n be_v worth_a money_n in_o buy_v and_o sell_v as_o dr._n f._n confess_v pag._n 99_o the_o rule_n may_v better_o hold_v in_o let_v which_o be_v no_o work_n of_o charity_n though_o both_o in_o let_v and_o sell_v charity_n be_v to_o guide_v we_o it_o do_v not_o follow_v that_o because_o i_o must_v lend_v a_o shilling_n for_o a_o day_n therefore_o i_o may_v not_o lend_v a_o pound_n for_o a_o year_n beside_o even_o in_o let_v for_o hire_n there_o be_v often_o both_o charity_n and_o friendship_n show_v as_o if_o i_o let_v a_o thing_n for_o half_a the_o value_n the_o use_n of_o it_o be_v worth_a to_o one_o who_o other_o dare_v not_o trust_v with_o their_o good_n if_o some_o thing_n which_o be_v spend_v in_o the_o first_o use_n may_v be_v sell_v for_o increase_v why_o may_v not_o other_o thing_n that_o be_v use_v be_v let_v in_o the_o same_o sort_n since_o let_v be_v but_o a_o temporary_a kind_n of_o sell_v and_o sell_v in_o effect_n a_o perpetual_a kind_n of_o let_v if_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v buy_v this_o day_n for_o ten_o pound_n may_v be_v sell_v to_o morrow_n for_o eleven_o pound_n may_v not_o the_o same_o ten_o pound_n which_o by_o buy_v and_o sell_v may_v increase_v in_o one_o day_n to_o this_o eleven_o pound_n may_v it_o not_o by_o let_v increase_n in_o a_o whole_a year_n to_o as_o much_o nor_o can_v there_o be_v any_o reason_n show_v since_o money_n have_v a_o gainful_a use_n in_o itself_o and_o as_o solomon_n say_v answer_v all_o thing_n why_o i_o may_v not_o as_o well_o let_v a_o hundred_o pound_n in_o money_n as_o a_o hundred_o pound_n worth_a of_o cattle_n house_n or_o land_n which_o i_o buy_v with_o my_o money_n and_o because_o they_o often_o tell_v we_o that_o he_o that_o bear_v the_o hazard_n must_v have_v the_o gain_n i_o must_v ask_v what_o they_o will_v say_v to_o a_o lease_n for_o life_n wherein_o both_o party_n hazard_v yet_o but_o one_o gain_n dr._n andrews_n bishop_n of_o winchester_n have_v a_o argument_n against_o usury_n take_v from_o the_o rule_n of_o our_o saviour_n luke_n 6._o 31._o as_o you_o will_v that_o man_n shall_v do_v to_o you_o do_v you_o also_o to_o they_o likewise_o nemo_n say_v he_o sibi_fw-la vellet_fw-la vsuras_fw-la infligi_fw-la cum_fw-la fratre_fw-la sio_fw-la agate_n igitur_fw-la no_o man_n be_v willing_a to_o have_v usury_n take_v of_o he_o therefore_o he_o must_v not_o take_v himself_o every_o man_n desire_v to_o borrow_v free_o therefore_o he_o must_v lend_v free_o answ_n the_o rule_n of_o our_o saviour_n must_v necessary_o be_v thus_o expound_v whatsoever_o you_o will_v that_o be_v whatsoever_o you_o will_v according_a to_o right_a reason_n or_o common_a justice_n for_o if_o any_o man_n be_v so_o unreasonable_a or_o so_o frantic_a as_o to_o will_v that_o other_o shall_v kill_v he_o yet_o my_o lord_n of_o winchester_n will_v not_o say_v that_o therefore_o that_o man_n may_v kill_v another_o so_o he_o that_o desire_v to_o borrow_v free_o break_v the_o rule_n of_o common_a equity_n and_o rectify_a reason_n by_o covet_v his_o neighbour_n good_n for_o he_o that_o desire_v to_o
benefit_n himself_o by_o the_o use_n of_o another_o man_n good_n do_v therein_o uncharitable_o desire_v the_o hindrance_n of_o his_o neighbour_n also_o it_o be_v object_v that_o the_o greatness_n of_o gain_n which_o be_v make_v by_o usury_n be_v unlawful_a pag._n 100_o answ_n 1._o this_o be_v no_o proof_n against_o all_o increase_n of_o money_n but_o only_o against_o excessive_a gain_n whereas_o it_o shall_v be_v prove_v that_o usury_n of_o a_o penny_n in_o the_o hundred_o be_v a_o sin_n as_o well_o as_o of_o ten_o pound_n second_o by_o this_o rule_n all_o gain_n of_o merchandize_v be_v condemn_v which_o be_v ordinary_o far_a great_a than_o that_o of_o ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o three_o the_o greatness_n of_o gain_n by_o lend_v must_v be_v estimate_v by_o the_o common_a opinion_n of_o the_o country_n otherwise_o how_o can_v any_o man_n conscience_n warrant_v he_o to_o purchase_v any_o inheritance_n man_n buy_v land_n to_o they_o and_o to_o their_o heir_n for_o ever_o that_o be_v till_o doomsday_n which_o when_o it_o will_v come_v no_o man_n know_v and_o yet_o as_o if_o every_o purchaser_n know_v the_o hour_n he_o bargain_v for_o land_n at_o fifteen_o or_o sixteen_o year_n purchase_n but_o the_o last_o day_n may_v come_v within_o a_o year_n or_o within_o fifteen_o or_o perhaps_o not_o within_o fifteen_o hundred_o year_n howsoever_o it_o be_v uncertain_a yet_o the_o public_a valuation_n do_v esteem_v it_o certain_a and_o no_o man_n buy_v land_n at_o fifteen_o year_n purchase_n upon_o condition_n that_o doomsday_n come_v not_o before_o because_o perhaps_o then_o he_o may_v have_v a_o dear_a pennyworth_n nor_o upon_o condition_n that_o if_o the_o world_n last_v long_o than_o fifteen_o year_n that_o thenceforward_o the_o purchaser_n shall_v pay_v a_o further_a sum_n no_o but_o custom_n think_v fit_a to_o make_v a_o absolute_a bargain_n though_o by_o the_o mere_a act_n of_o god_n it_o may_v be_v make_v a_o dear_a purchase_n as_o the_o argument_n of_o the_o greatness_n of_o gain_n in_o usury_n make_v against_o trade_v or_o merchandize_v so_o thereby_o also_o bargain_v for_o lease_n for_o term_n of_o year_n will_v be_v make_v unjust_a and_o this_o may_v the_o better_o appear_v if_o we_o examine_v one_o of_o dr._n fenton_n be_v example_n of_o usury_n in_o this_o kind_n if_o say_v he_o pag._n 21._o purposely_o to_o avoid_v the_o statute_n i_o will_v purchase_v a_o annuity_n of_o twenty_o pound_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la with_o a_o hundred_o pound_n for_o ten_o year_n this_o be_v bargain_n and_o sale_n yet_o the_o very_a same_o with_o usury_n differ_v only_o in_o parchment_n and_o manner_n of_o covenant_v subject_a to_o the_o same_o iniquity_n and_o inequality_n poison_v with_o purpose_n of_o avoid_v the_o statute_n and_o penalty_n of_o usury_n ans_fw-fr 1._o if_o only_o the_o purpose_n to_o avoid_v the_o statute_n make_v his_o case_n to_o be_v usury_n then_o before_o the_o statute_n it_o be_v no_o usury_n for_o there_o can_v be_v no_o purpose_n to_o avoid_v a_o penalty_n that_o be_v not_o and_o this_o be_v to_o make_v usury_n a_o breach_n only_o of_o man_n law_n and_o not_o of_o god_n let_v we_o ask_v dr._n fenton_n whether_o a_o lease_n for_o year_n and_o annuity_n buy_v with_o money_n be_v usury_n simple_o in_o itself_o he_o dare_v not_o say_v it_o his_o answer_n be_v pag._n 129._o we_o can_v condemn_v it_o for_o usury_n and_o yet_o he_o see_v most_o apparent_o it_o be_v of_o the_o very_a selfsame_a nature_n with_o lend_v upon_o bond_n and_o differ_v only_o in_o the_o security_n upon_o bond_n a_o man_n tie_v himself_o upon_o a_o lease_n a_o man_n tie_v his_o land_n in_o both_o these_o there_o be_v the_o like_a increase_n by_o money_n and_o both_o pay_v alike_o at_o the_o end_n second_o this_o case_n i_o find_v put_v of_o a_o lease_n that_o bring_v in_o above_o ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o thereby_o to_o make_v it_o more_o odious_a but_o give_v we_o leave_v to_o put_v it_o in_o other_o term_n and_o then_o ask_v his_o opinion_n if_o with_o a_o hundred_o pound_n i_o purchase_v a_o annuity_n of_o ten_o pound_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la and_o twenty_o shilling_n over_o yearly_a for_o ten_o year_n be_v this_o usury_n because_o it_o be_v a_o increase_n above_o the_o principal_a it_o be_v the_o very_a selfsame_a bargain_n in_o nature_n with_o he_o it_o differ_v only_o in_o the_o quantity_n of_o increase_n now_o both_o by_o his_o definition_n and_o argument_n as_o well_o the_o increase_n of_o a_o penny_n be_v usury_n as_o of_o ten_o pound_n in_o the_o hundred_o so_o then_o by_o his_o doctrine_n a_o man_n may_v not_o buy_v a_o lease_n worth_a one_o penny_n more_o than_o his_o principal_n if_o it_o be_v pretend_v that_o bargain_n and_o sale_n of_o lease_n be_v lawful_a if_o it_o be_v reasonable_a otherwise_o not_o then_o if_o the_o unreasonableness_n only_o of_o the_o bargain_n make_v it_o a_o sin_n of_o usury_n than_o the_o former_a doctrine_n which_o say_v all_o increase_n be_v usury_n be_v thereby_o deny_v and_o i_o confess_v that_o a_o unreasonable_a bargain_n be_v a_o sin_n but_o of_o theft_n in_o general_n not_o of_o usury_n three_o the_o principal_a purpose_n in_o buy_v a_o annuity_n or_o lease_n for_o year_n be_v to_o gain_v by_o a_o hundred_o pound_n which_o since_o it_o can_v not_o safe_o be_v do_v by_o bond_n therefore_o by_o a_o second_o intention_n man_n labour_v to_o avoid_v the_o statute_n so_o that_o to_o gain_v and_o in_o gain_v to_o avoid_v the_o statute_n be_v the_o purpose_n of_o such_o contract_n and_o not_o chief_o to_o avoid_v the_o statute_n which_o may_v best_o be_v avoid_v by_o not_o purchase_v at_o all_o four_o it_o be_v no_o sin_n to_o avoid_v a_o statute_n by_o lawful_a mean_n if_o the_o contract_n of_o bargain_n and_o sale_n be_v in_o itself_o lawful_a why_o shall_v it_o be_v a_o vice_n and_o not_o a_o virtue_n thereby_o to_o avoid_v the_o penalty_n of_o the_o law_n since_o law_n be_v purposely_o make_v to_o force_v man_n to_o avoid_v they_o by_o lawful_a mean_n five_o whereas_o dr._n fenton_n pag._n 129._o conclude_v that_o if_o simple_o without_o any_o pretence_n such_o annuity_n of_o rent_n be_v buy_v or_o sell_v we_o can_v condemn_v it_o for_o usury_n it_o follow_v that_o the_o pretence_n or_o intention_n of_o the_o heart_n and_o not_o the_o contract_n make_v it_o usury_n and_o that_o as_o he_o himself_o confess_v pag._n 128._o if_o the_o intention_n be_v right_a that_o which_o formal_o be_v usurious_a upon_o the_o matter_n may_v in_o justice_n be_v equivalent_a to_o a_o lawful_a contract_n if_o formal_a usury_n may_v be_v no_o usury_n we_o must_v look_v for_o a_o new_a definition_n of_o usury_n in_o the_o conscience_n of_o man_n and_o not_o in_o dr._n fenton_n treatise_n and_o if_o usury_n be_v commit_v in_o buy_v and_o sell_v what_o contract_n will_v be_v find_v in_o the_o world_n without_o usury_n to_o instance_n in_o some_o other_o contract_n let_v we_o consider_v of_o the_o absolute_a buy_n and_o sell_v of_o land_n or_o of_o purchase_v a_o annuity_n for_o life_n because_o these_o two_o contract_n be_v esteem_v by_o most_o man_n to_o be_v the_o lawfull_a of_o all_o other_o yet_o in_o both_o these_o the_o just_a and_o ordinary_a valuation_n both_o of_o fee_n simple_a land_n and_o of_o lease_n for_o life_n be_v ground_v and_o guide_v by_o usury_n only_o and_o as_o the_o use_n of_o money_n go_v high_a or_o low_o so_o the_o price_n of_o these_o rise_n and_o fall_v so_o that_o in_o very_a truth_n he_o that_o purchase_v land_n be_v the_o great_a usurer_n in_o the_o world_n because_o he_o make_v the_o great_a and_o certain_a gain_n by_o his_o bargain_n for_o example_n admit_v land_n be_v buy_v and_o sell_v for_o sixteen_o year_n purchase_n and_o let_v the_o inheritance_n of_o the_o land_n be_v make_v away_o for_o so_o little_a a_o sum_n as_o the_o land_n will_v bring_v home_o in_o sixteen_o year_n what_o conscience_n be_v there_o to_o keep_v that_o for_o ever_o which_o in_o so_o short_a a_o time_n pay_v the_o purchaser_n his_o principal_n there_o can_v be_v no_o other_o reason_n yield_v for_o this_o great_a disproportion_n but_o this_o that_o both_o the_o purchaser_n and_o seller_n do_v equal_o value_v the_o use_n of_o the_o money_n and_o do_v make_v the_o bargain_n according_o the_o purchase-mony_n consider_v with_o the_o use_n of_o it_o will_v last_v about_o a_o 1000_o year_n in_o pay_v yearly_a so_o much_o as_o the_o rent_n of_o the_o land_n be_v therefore_o the_o purchaser_n expect_v to_o enjoy_v and_o the_o seller_n intend_v to_o part_v with_o the_o land_n for_o ever_o because_o the_o inheritance_n of_o the_o land_n after_o a_o thousand_o year_n be_v not_o valuable_a for_o that_o ordinary_o within_o four_o or_o five_o hundred_o year_n the_o possession_n of_o the_o ancient_a