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likewise_o in_o scotland_n near_o about_o the_o same_o time_n also_o make_v law_n for_o division_n of_o their_o land_n into_o tribe_n hundred_o and_o wapentake_v say_v the_o chronicle_n and_o for_o punishment_n of_o murder_n theft_n and_o other_o offence_n again_o by_o higden_n it_o be_v thus_o record_v anno_fw-la mundi_fw-la 3529._o ante_fw-la christum_fw-la 445._o mulmutius_n king_n of_o the_o britain_n be_v the_o 23_o but_o the_o first_o lawmaker_n ordain_v that_o church_n plough_n city_n and_o highway_n shall_v enjoy_v a_o privilege_n or_o liberty_n this_o higden_n expound_v to_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o sanctuary_n that_o if_o any_o offender_n do_v fly_v to_o any_o of_o these_o he_o shall_v no_o further_o be_v pursew_v but_o suffer_v to_o escape_v which_o interpretation_n can_v be_v make_v but_o only_o of_o the_o church_n and_o therefore_o to_o be_v let_v pass_v as_o make_v by_o a_o monk_n ignorant_a of_o law_n but_o our_o common_a law_n give_v a_o sound_n and_o very_o consonant_a 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saint_n edward_n law_n beside_o it_o can_v be_v say_v that_o these_o good_a law_n be_v make_v by_o any_o other_o but_o only_o by_o lucius_n for_o neither_o be_v any_o other_o of_o the_o britain_n prince_n so_o godly_a &_o religious_a as_o he_o neither_o have_v any_o of_o his_o successor_n such_o peaceable_a possession_n of_o the_o land_n or_o conveniency_n to_o make_v law_n as_o he_o have_v for_o immediate_o after_o his_o death_n and_o continual_o till_o the_o saxon_n time_n the_o whole_a state_n travel_v with_o foreign_a and_o intestine_a enemy_n last_o the_o testimony_n of_o polidore_n confirm_v this_o virg_n pol._n virg_n who_o give_v this_o most_o honourable_a testimony_n of_o king_n lucius_n that_o he_o leave_v his_o kingdom_n aswell_o optimis_fw-la institutis_fw-la provectum_fw-la advance_v or_o amend_v with_o the_o best_a institution_n or_o law_n as_o divina_fw-la religione_fw-la auctum_fw-la so_o that_o without_o question_n it_o be_v that_o he_o make_v some_o of_o our_o law_n 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initiorem_fw-la paenam_fw-la haud_fw-la infligendam_fw-la existimarunt_fw-la quip_n qui_fw-la eiusmodi_fw-la viro_fw-la minime_fw-la parcendum_fw-la censuerunt_fw-la tum_fw-la quod_fw-la deus_fw-la contemptores_fw-la svi_fw-la omni_fw-la miseratione_n indignos_fw-la voluit_fw-la tum_fw-la quod_fw-la christus_fw-la illorum_fw-la qui_fw-la ei_fw-la mortem_fw-la obtulerunt_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la omnino_fw-la misertus_fw-la where_o you_o see_v that_o by_o the_o testimony_n of_o alfred_n they_o take_v the_o precedent_n of_o their_o law_n against_o treason_n arc._n lamb._n arc._n from_o the_o example_n of_o christ_n and_o of_o god_n what_o be_v that_o law_n it_o follow_v afterward_o 4_o in_o leg_n alf._n cap._n 4_o qui_fw-la capiti_fw-la et_fw-la saluti_fw-la regis_fw-la perfidiose_fw-la infidiabitur_fw-la vita_fw-la et_fw-la fortunis_fw-la eius_fw-la omnibus_fw-la privator_fw-la that_o the_o traitor_n shall_v forfeit_v life_n land_n and_o good_n 1._o act_n 1._o so_o be_v judas_n punish_v 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agreeable_a to_o the_o scripture_n
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manifest_a and_o approve_a vicar_n and_o lieutenant_n of_o god_n a_o second_o david_n who_o delight_n be_v in_o the_o law_n of_o the_o lord_n which_o to_o confirm_v the_o same_o king_n translate_v the_o new_a testament_n out_o of_o latin_a into_o the_o vulgar_a saxon_a for_o the_o use_n of_o his_o subject_n some_o copy_n whereof_o as_o it_o be_v say_v be_v yet_o remain_v among_o us._n so_o far_o do_v the_o learning_n of_o those_o day_n differ_v from_o the_o ignorance_n of_o these_o roman_a innovator_n edward_n anno_fw-la dom._n 920._o thus_o begin_v i_o edward_n k._n command_v all_o grieve_v that_o they_o give_v right_a judgement_n to_o all_o according_a to_o their_o judgement_n book_n alfred_n and_o guthrun_n thus_o make_v their_o league_n by_o act_n of_o parliament_n ante_fw-la omne_fw-la deum_fw-la unum_fw-la etc._n etc._n before_o all_o thing_n that_o one_o god_n be_v to_o be_v love_v &_o worship_v second_o that_o humane_a law_n be_v to_o be_v proclaim_v as_o common_a to_o christ_n and_o the_o king_n then_o follow_v law_n for_o payment_n of_o tithe_n for_o observation_n of_o the_o sabaothe_n etc._n etc._n arc._n joh._n picus_n cite_v by_o mr_n lamb._n arc._n and_o by_o this_o league_n guthrunus_fw-la which_o some_o call_n gurmundus_fw-la &_o be_v in_o baptism_n name_v ethelstane_n obtain_v suffolk_n norfolk_n &_o northumberland_n to_o be_v give_v to_o he_o to_o hold_v by_o fealty_n of_o the_o king_n edmund_n set_v this_o preface_n to_o his_o law_n i_o edmund_n king_n to_o all_o my_o subject_n do_v plain_o signify_v that_o in_o a_o solemn_a assembly_n both_o of_o the_o clergy_n and_o laity_n i_o have_v studious_o inquire_v of_o the_o wise_a of_o my_o kingdom_n by_o what_o mean_v the_o christian_a faith_n may_v be_v most_o advance_v and_o to_o we_o all_o it_o seem_v most_o comodious_a that_o love_n and_o mutual_a kindness_n shall_v be_v maintain_v among_o all_o man_n throughout_o our_o kingdom_n etenim_fw-la taeâ—…et_fw-la nos_fw-la harum_fw-la quotidianarum_fw-la pugnarum_fw-la for_o we_o be_v tire_v with_o these_o quotidian_a fight_n and_o contention_n o_o godly_a prince_n o_o true_a vicar_n of_o the_o god_n of_o peace_n edgar_n enact_v law_n for_o the_o observation_n of_o the_o sunday_n and_o of_o public_a feast_n and_o fast_n under_o the_o pain_n contain_v in_o the_o judicial_a book_n and_o that_o every_o man_n shall_v free_o enjoy_v the_o benefit_n of_o the_o common_a law_n note_v the_o common_a law_n even_o then_o name_v before_o st._n edward_n &_o the_o conqueror_n canutus_n the_o dane_n thus_o first_o let_v all_o man_n most_o devout_o &_o religious_o worship_v one_o god_n all_o man_n observe_v one_o rule_n of_o christian_a religion_n all_o man_n obey_v canutus_n the_o king_n with_o due_a fidelity_n and_o observance_n all_o defend_v and_o keep_v the_o church_n of_o christ_n with_o holy_a &_o everlasting_a peace_n &_o continual_o frequent_v the_o same_o &c_n &c_n with_o many_o other_o most_o godly_a and_o christian_a law_n &_o after_o many_o footstep_n of_o ancient_a law_n which_o yet_o remain_v in_o use_n he_o conclude_v with_o a_o most_o ardent_a exhortation_n to_o all_o man_n to_o turn_v unto_o god_n and_o to_o obey_v his_o commandment_n another_o lieutenant_n or_o vicegerent_n of_o christ_n edgar_z the_o peaceable_a confirm_v the_o liberty_n &_o right_n of_o the_o church_n &_o among_o other_o thing_n enact_v that_o every_o man_n shall_v enjoy_v the_o benefit_n of_o the_o common_a law_n like_a matter_n be_v find_v in_o the_o law_n of_o ethelstane_n etheldred_n st._n edward_n and_o william_n the_o conqueror_n who_o confirm_v the_o same_o with_o some_o small_a addition_n and_o have_v leave_v they_o to_o we_o consecrate_v by_o his_o own_o oath_n and_o the_o oath_n of_o all_o his_o successor_n you_o see_v then_o the_o sacred_a majesty_n of_o our_o imperaill_n prince_n who_o god_n have_v vouchsafe_v not_o only_o by_o the_o confesson_n of_o stranger_n &_o enemy_n but_o by_o these_o their_o law_n to_o be_v his_o vicar_n &_o defender_n of_o his_o faith_n and_o by_o these_o thing_n that_o have_v be_v say_v it_o may_v full_o appear_v first_o how_o sincere_o and_o devoutlye_o those_o excellent_a prince_n follow_v the_o counsel_n of_o elutherius_n give_v to_o lucius_n in_o take_v law_n for_o their_o kingdom_n out_o of_o the_o word_n of_o god_n and_o how_o true_a it_o be_v that_o we_o affirm_v that_o our_o ancient_a common_a law_n be_v begin_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o first_o britain_n ground_v upon_o the_o law_n of_o god_n print_v in_o nature_n and_o scripture_n continue_v by_o the_o saxon_n in_o their_o judgement_n book_n &_o transmit_v to_o we_o by_o saint_n edward_n and_o the_o conqueror_n and_o consequent_o the_o ground_n of_o sir_n john_n fortescue_v testimony_n that_o this_o land_n have_v be_v possess_v by_o britannes_n roman_n saxon_n dane_n and_o norman_n and_o in_o all_o the_o time_n of_o these_o several_a nation_n and_o of_o their_o king_n this_o realm_n be_v still_o rule_v with_o the_o self_n same_o law_n and_o custom_n which_o if_o they_o have_v not_o be_v right_o good_a some_o of_o those_o king_n move_v either_o with_o justice_n or_o with_o reason_n or_o affection_n will_v have_v change_v or_o abolish_v they_o special_o the_o romaneâ—_n who_o do_v judge_v all_o the_o world_n by_o their_o own_o law_n three_o what_o direction_n and_o precedent_n our_o prince_n and_o parliament_n have_v have_v to_o follow_v in_o make_v law_n and_o what_o law_n the_o whole_a kingdom_n be_v bind_v to_o observe_v by_o that_o solemn_a oath_n that_o be_v take_v for_o the_o observation_n of_o st._n edward_n law_n and_o the_o law_n of_o the_o realm_n as_o partly_o also_o be_v note_v unto_o we_o in_o the_o preface_n of_o that_o famous_a statute_n make_v against_o provisor_n in_o the_o 25._o year_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o and_o last_o what_o reason_n may_v be_v give_v
over_o haste_v to_o speak_v somewhat_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o land_n and_o so_o to_o that_o which_o i_o intend_v cap._n 4._o among_o the_o several_a opinion_n that_o have_v be_v conceive_v concern_v the_o first_o possessor_n of_o this_o isle_n i_o can_v see_v any_o more_o consonant_a to_o divinity_n to_o reason_n and_o the_o testimony_n of_o best_a approve_a antiquary_n then_o that_o which_o maintain_v the_o nation_n of_o britain_n to_o be_v descend_v of_o gomer_n the_o son_n of_o japhet_n who_o child_n after_o the_o division_n of_o tongue_n at_o babel_n spread_v throughout_o all_o europe_n &_o so_o replenish_v this_o island_n de_fw-fr tractu_fw-la armoricano_n ut_fw-la fertur_fw-la in_o britannian_a advecti_fw-la say_v the_o venerable_a bede_n 1._o bed_n hist_o lib._n 1._o and_o to_o say_v that_o any_o multitude_n of_o cham_n posterity_n arrive_v here_o to_o inhabit_v be_v in_o my_o understanding_n contrary_a to_o the_o ground_n aforesaid_a for_o first_o there_o be_v no_o probability_n to_o maintain_v that_o the_o child_n or_o family_n descend_v of_o one_o son_n as_o of_o japhet_n be_v mix_v with_o the_o child_n of_o the_o other_o for_o then_o how_o shall_v the_o accomplishment_n of_o the_o prophesy_n be_v observe_v which_o god_n pronounce_v before_o by_o the_o mouth_n of_o noah_n 9_o gen._n 9_o that_o chanaan_n shall_v be_v a_o servant_n both_o to_o sem_fw-mi &_o japhet_n and_o that_o japhet_n shall_v dwell_v in_o the_o tent_n of_o sem_fw-mi second_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o almighty_a god_n give_v to_o every_o family_n of_o the_o son_n of_o noah_n his_o several_a language_n &_o his_o several_a country_n by_o these_o reason_n viz._n by_o the_o survey_n of_o all_o nation_n the_o son_n of_o japhet_n madai_n the_o mede_n javan_n the_o jonians_n tubal_n the_o iberian_o meschech_n the_o moscovite_n gomer_n the_o cymbri_n ashkenas_n the_o tuiscones_n the_o son_n of_o cham_n cush_n the_o aethiopian_n misraim_n the_o egyptian_n canaan_n the_o canaanite_n the_o son_n of_o sem_fw-mi ashur_n elan_n apachshad_n lud_n and_o aram_n every_o one_o have_v his_o language_n and_o his_o country_n and_o as_o i_o take_v it_o the_o contrary_n can_v be_v show_v and_o this_o be_v confirm_v by_o the_o express_a word_n of_o moses_n or_o rather_o of_o god_n himself_o the_o true_a author_n where_o have_v name_v 10._o gen._n 10._o first_o the_o son_n of_o japhet_n by_o themselves_o gomer_n and_o the_o rest_n he_o add_v this_o conclusion_n of_o these_o be_v the_o isle_n of_o the_o gentle_n divide_v in_o their_o land_n every_o man_n after_o his_o tongue_n and_o after_o their_o family_n in_o their_o nation_n so_o have_v reckon_v the_o child_n of_o cham_n every_o one_o by_o name_n he_o add_v the_o like_a conclusion_n 20._o verse_n 20._o these_o be_v say_v he_o the_o son_n of_o cham_n according_a to_o their_o family_n according_a to_o their_o tongue_n in_o their_o country_n &_o in_o their_o nation_n the_o like_a conclusion_n he_o make_v after_o the_o ennumeration_n of_o the_o son_n of_o sem._n and_o the_o same_o point_n be_v prove_v by_o the_o history_n of_o abraham_n 12_o gene._n 12_o where_o he_o be_v command_v to_o go_v from_o his_o country_n from_o his_o kindred_n &_o from_o his_o father_n house_n 32.8_o deut._n 32.8_o and_o again_o by_o the_o song_n of_o moses_n &_o diverse_a other_o place_n of_o scripture_n so_o as_o it_o be_v apparent_a by_o the_o word_n of_o the_o scripture_n that_o howsoever_o the_o language_n be_v confound_v dei_fw-la vid._n august_n lib._n 16._o de_fw-fr civit._n dei_fw-la yet_o the_o several_a kindred_n and_o family_n descend_v from_o the_o son_n of_o noah_n be_v not_o confound_v together_o but_o that_o every_o family_n have_v his_o particular_a tongue_n and_o country_n and_o be_v sever_v from_o other_o family_n and_o it_o be_v also_o likely_a that_o howsoever_o their_o speech_n be_v confound_v and_o their_o family_n divide_v yet_o the_o son_n of_o japhet_n have_v among_o themselves_o more_o intelligence_n one_o of_o a_o other_o language_n than_o they_o have_v of_o the_o language_n use_v by_o the_o nation_n descend_v of_o cham_n or_o sem._n for_o we_o see_v the_o assyrian_n persian_n syrian_n and_o hebrew_n descend_v of_o sem_fw-mi have_v more_o similitude_n of_o speech_n and_o write_v among_o themselves_o than_o they_o have_v with_o any_o the_o nation_n of_o europe_n and_o so_o the_o egyptian_n aethiopian_n libyan_n &_o other_o descend_v of_o cham_n which_o vicinitye_n as_o i_o may_v call_v it_o of_o speech_n be_v great_a in_o those_o original_a time_n then_o now_o it_o be_v cause_v those_o family_n that_o have_v best_o intelligence_n one_o with_o another_o to_o sort_n themselves_o together_o in_o place_n of_o near_a neighbourhood_n and_o thereof_o it_o come_v that_o the_o child_n of_o sem_fw-mi remain_v in_o asia_n the_o child_n of_o cham_n go_v into_o africa_n &_o the_o child_n of_o japhet_n go_v northward_o into_o europa_n as_o we_o see_v the_o moscovite_n the_o thracian_n jonians_n and_o iberian_o the_o son_n of_o japhet_n to_o be_v round_o about_o us._n of_o all_o which_o premise_n rest_v this_o conclusion_n that_o all_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o britain_n be_v descend_v from_o some_o one_o of_o japhets_n child_n other_o testimony_n of_o the_o scripture_n incline_v the_o same_o way_n 38._o ezech._n 38._o for_o gomer_n and_o togarmath_n his_o son_n be_v call_v the_o side_n of_o the_o north_n &_o learned_a man_n do_v agree_v camden_n camden_n that_o the_o ancient_a kimbri_n or_o gomeri_n the_o son_n of_o gomer_n do_v reign_v far_o &_o wide_o in_o one_o neighbour_n country_n prise_n sir_n john_n prise_n and_o the_o ancient_a briton_n do_v yet_o call_v their_o country_n gimbri_n so_o that_o in_o divinity_n and_o reason_n we_o can_v choose_v but_o acknowledge_v ourselves_o to_o be_v branch_n of_o the_o same_o stock_n name_o the_o gimbri_n of_o gomer_n &_o likewise_o the_o saxon_n &_o dane_n of_o ashkenas_n and_o the_o scot_n if_o iberi_n of_o tubal_n and_o all_o of_o japhet_n but_o if_o the_o scotti_n will_v confess_v themselves_o to_o be_v getae_n according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o most_o learned_a mr._n camden_n then_o be_v they_o descend_v from_o gether_o the_o son_n of_o sem_fw-mi as_o melanchton_n show_v prise_n beda_n li._n 1._o mel._n ch._n 1._o camden_n folidor_n vir_fw-la lib._n 1._o sir_n john_n prise_n and_o to_o these_o opinion_n the_o reason_n and_o authority_n of_o best_a antiquary_n do_v concur_v which_o he_o that_o desire_v to_o see_v may_v peruse_v they_o in_o mr._n camden_n and_o other_o neither_o will_v i_o prejudicate_v any_o man_n opinion_n though_o to_o i_o somewhat_o improbable_a in_o derive_v we_o from_o the_o trojan_n so_o as_o he_o derive_v the_o trojan_n themselves_o from_o ashkenas_n which_o will_v come_v to_o the_o same_o effect_n take_v therefore_o the_o former_a opinion_n or_o howsoever_o it_o be_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o isle_n be_v by_o all_o man_n confession_n a_o most_o ancient_a nation_n of_o the_o posterity_n of_o japhet_n and_o who_o as_o gildas_n seem_v to_o say_v have_v at_o the_o first_o the_o knowledge_n of_o god_n polidor_n gildas_n cite_v by_o polidor_n it_o stand_v with_o reason_n &_o with_o best_a warrant_n of_o authority_n to_o think_v they_o be_v govern_v by_o such_o law_n and_o institution_n derive_v from_o the_o principle_n of_o the_o first_o age_n that_o be_v from_o the_o law_n of_o god_n write_v in_o nature_n as_o most_o of_o the_o ancient_a nation_n do_v embrace_v &_o very_o near_o to_o those_o which_o the_o godly_a sâ—â—_n in_o who_o tent_n god_n persuade_v japhet_n to_o continue_v deliver_v to_o his_o child_n of_o which_o i_o intend_v to_o perticulate_v some_o hereafter_o cap._n 5._o i_o have_v speak_v of_o the_o law_n in_o general_a and_o of_o the_o first_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o land_n and_o i_o have_v to_o speak_v somewhat_o in_o general_a of_o the_o law_n institute_v by_o our_o christian_a king_n lucius_n upon_o receipt_n of_o elutherius_n letter_n mean_v to_o descend_v in_o to_o perticularity_n by_o easy_a pace_n and_o degree_n but_o in_o set_v down_o thing_n of_o so_o ancient_a time_n whereof_o remain_v but_o few_o history_n through_o the_o rage_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o other_o savage_a idolater_n the_o scourge_n of_o this_o kingdom_n in_o her_o godly_a infancy_n lest_o i_o shall_v seem_v to_o speak_v too_o much_o of_o my_o own_o brain_n i_o will_v entreat_v every_o prudent_a sober_a &_o christian_a politician_n first_o to_o examine_v the_o content_n and_o sentence_n of_o that_o godly_a epistle_n &_o second_o to_o consider_v his_o own_o mind_n and_o to_o unfold_v his_o secret_a understanding_n what_o he_o himself_o will_v have_v do_v &_o what_o he_o will_v think_v fit_a to_o do_v it_o he_o have_v be_v then_o king_n lucius_n or_o of_o counsel_n with_o he_o have_v receive_v such_o a_o letter_n as_o before_o be_v
of_o caesar_n and_o all_o of_o they_o be_v lay_v to_o their_o charge_n by_o gildas_n 5._o ephes_n 5._o and_o other_o history_n for_o such_o thing_n procure_v the_o wrath_n of_o god_n to_o be_v pour_v out_o upon_o they_o as_o say_v the_o bless_a apostle_n as_o italy_n france_n and_o other_o country_n have_v by_o that_o mean_v receive_v some_o barbarous_a touch_n and_o ireland_n yet_o waste_v and_o subject_a to_o great_a calamity_n &_o desolation_n be_v a_o eye_n witness_n of_o the_o same_o experience_n which_o heretofore_o be_v govern_v with_o peace_n ad_fw-la civility_n and_o now_o have_v many_o example_n extant_a of_o strange_a immannity_n and_o as_o these_o be_v the_o just_a plague_n inflict_v by_o the_o divine_a justice_n upon_o our_o neighbour_n island_n for_o the_o contempt_n of_o the_o gospel_n and_o such_o offence_n as_o aforesaid_a so_o be_v the_o same_o inflict_v in_o those_o time_n upon_o the_o britain_n for_n tread_v under_o foot_n the_o light_n of_o nature_n and_o the_o knowledge_n of_o god_n which_o gildas_n signify_v that_o the_o first_o inhabitant_n have_v &_o many_o excellent_a doctrine_n of_o religion_n &_o of_o justice_n which_o be_v but_o obscurelye_o &_o in_o part_n preserve_v by_o the_o druidae_n and_o some_o few_o of_o the_o better_a sort_n but_o to_o return_v where_o we_o leave_v as_o in_o other_o thing_n the_o britain_n maintain_v the_o manner_n of_o the_o ancient_n sic._n diodor_n sic._n so_o in_o that_o ancient_a division_n of_o this_o land_n into_o several_a nation_n and_o family_n the_o most_o antique_a manner_n of_o great_a nation_n be_v observe_v for_o not_o only_o among_o the_o hebrew_n but_o among_o the_o persian_n athenian_n roman_n all_o xenophon_n â—â—uy_a et_fw-fr all_o &_o in_o this_o island_n the_o scot_n be_v free_a from_o public_a invasion_n have_v the_o like_a division_n be_v a_o point_n of_o civil_a government_n very_o necessary_a for_o many_o good_a and_o politic_a constitution_n and_o therefore_o use_v and_o preserve_v among_o all_o the_o primitive_a nation_n as_o agreeable_a to_o reason_n and_o nature_n and_o be_v to_o this_o day_n observe_v as_o most_o consonant_a to_o the_o word_n of_o god_n cap._n 8._o as_o in_o the_o distribution_n of_o person_n and_o of_o the_o land_n the_o britain_n be_v politic_a and_o civil_a so_o in_o their_o proceed_n of_o law_n in_o their_o judgement_n and_o in_o their_o science_n it_o appear_v that_o they_o be_v not_o so_o barbarous_a as_o have_v be_v take_v for_o their_o variety_n of_o excellent_a learning_n to_o note_n that_o by_o the_o way_n sir_n john_n prise_n in_o his_o book_n to_o king_n edward_n the_o sixth_o defensio_fw-la sir_n john_n prise_n historiae_fw-la brit._n defensio_fw-la proove_v that_o all_o learned_a science_n be_v know_v and_o handle_v among_o they_o to_o his_o book_n i_o send_v those_o that_o be_v desirous_a to_o be_v satisfy_v in_o that_o point_n and_o although_o it_o may_v be_v strong_o infer_v that_o a_o nation_n give_v to_o the_o study_n of_o all_o excellent_a learn_n must_v needs_o be_v polish_v with_o good_a law_n yet_o for_o the_o more_o clear_a evice_n hereof_o i_o purpose_v to_o show_v that_o their_o law_n in_o particular_a be_v most_o just_a &_o good_a as_o be_v derive_v out_o of_o the_o law_n of_o god_n write_v in_o nature_n and_o in_o scripture_n and_o for_o that_o reason_n not_o alter_v but_o transmit_v to_o posterity_n and_o that_o they_o do_v yet_o remain_v among_o we_o as_o i_o say_v before_o first_o of_o all_o under_o favour_n i_o can_v agree_v the_o opinion_n conceive_v by_o gratian_n that_o all_o thing_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v common_a dist_n part._n 1._o dist_n but_o as_o i_o take_v it_o the_o distinction_n of_o property_n be_v enact_v by_o almighty_a god_n in_o the_o beginning_n &_o by_o he_o imprint_v with_o other_o law_n in_o nature_n by_o virtue_n of_o the_o word_n 28.29_o gen._n 1._o vers_fw-la 28.29_o bear_v rule_n over_o the_o earth_n which_o give_v to_o man_n both_o dominion_n and_o property_n of_o all_o thing_n and_o to_o prove_v that_o it_o be_v so_o &_o that_o it_o be_v so_o understand_v 4._o gen._n 4._o it_o appear_v by_o cain_n and_o abel_n who_o in_o the_o very_a beginning_n be_v several_a possessor_n of_o ground_n land_n sheep_n fruit_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o city_n inhabit_v and_o in_o the_o history_n of_o abraham_n job_n and_o other_o the_o patriarch_n there_o be_v mention_v make_v of_o buy_v and_o sell_v and_o of_o diverse_a offence_n punish_v by_o law_n but_o by_o what_o law_n if_o not_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o if_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v the_o same_o which_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o law_n &_o the_o gospel_n as_o gracian_a in_o the_o first_o entrance_n of_o his_o distinction_n affirm_v if_o the_o term_v commandment_n be_v a_o abridgement_n or_o exposition_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o he_o say_v in_o a_o other_o place_n and_o if_o distinction_n of_o propertye_n be_v enact_v &_o the_o desire_n of_o other_o man_n good_n forbid_a every_o where_o in_o the_o law_n the_o gospel_n and_o the_o ten_o commandment_n then_o be_v gratian_n in_o this_o point_n contrary_a unto_o himself_o but_o that_o it_o be_v so_o forbid_a appear_v by_o the_o eight_o and_o ten_o commandment_n and_o in_o the_o first_o to_o the_o roman_n where_o covetousness_n even_o in_o a_o heathen_a man_n be_v account_v for_o a_o sin_n 1._o rom._n 1._o which_o can_v not_o be_v but_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o it_o be_v in_o that_o place_n urge_v for_o where_o there_o be_v no_o law_n there_o be_v no_o transgression_n say_v st._n john_n &_o other_o law_n there_o be_v not_o to_o condemn_v a_o pagan_a therefore_o take_v that_o for_o a_o point_n not_o hard_a to_o be_v prove_v and_o which_o all_o law_n have_v take_v as_o a_o principal_a confess_v by_o virtue_n of_o that_o law_n which_o be_v every_o where_o the_o same_o how-soev_a some_o authority_n have_v sway_v to_o the_o contrary_a we_o find_v partly_o by_o the_o word_n of_o caesar_n &_o dio_n eihic_n arist_n eihic_n that_o this_o island_n have_v she_o own_o law_n concern_v the_o division_n of_o ground_n inheritance_n judge_n &_o the_o distinction_n of_o property_n that_o there_o be_v certain_a course_n of_o proceed_n and_o that_o there_o be_v punishment_n for_o contempt_n and_o offence_n 53_o dio_fw-mi lib._n 53_o first_o dio_n say_v that_o 20._o year_n after_o the_o come_n hither_o of_o caesar_n britannia_fw-la suis_fw-la legibus_fw-la usa_fw-la est_fw-la britain_n use_v she_o own_o law_n and_o what_o these_o own_o law_n of_o britain_n be_v caesar_z show_v his_o word_n be_v these_o druidae_n fear_v de_fw-fr omnibus_fw-la controversiis_fw-la publicis_fw-la privatisque_fw-la constituunt_fw-la et_fw-la si_fw-la quod_fw-la est_fw-la admissum_fw-la facinus_fw-la si_fw-la caedes_fw-la facta_fw-la si_fw-la de_fw-la haereditate_fw-la definibus_fw-la controversia_fw-la est_fw-la ijdem_fw-la discernunt_fw-la praemia_fw-la praenasque_fw-la constituunt_fw-la si_fw-la quisaut_n privatus_fw-la aut_fw-la populus_fw-la eorum_fw-la decreto_fw-la non_fw-la stetit_fw-la sacrificijs_fw-la interdicunt_fw-la the_o druidae_n say_v caesar_n who_o discipline_n he_o affirm_v to_o be_v find_v out_o and_o most_o perfect_a in_o britain_n do_v judge_n for_o the_o most_o part_n of_o all_o public_a and_o private_a controversy_n if_o any_o offence_n or_o homicide_n be_v commit_v or_o if_o the_o controversy_n be_v for_o bound_n or_o inheritance_n they_o do_v determine_v it_o appoint_v punnishment_n &_o reward_n if_o any_o private_a man_n or_o corporation_n stand_v not_o to_o their_o decree_n they_o forbid_v they_o their_o sacrifice_n etc._n etc._n under_o the_o name_n of_o offence_n and_o homicide_n he_o comprehend_v all_o criminal_a cause_n under_o controversy_n of_o land_n or_o inheritance_n be_v contain_v all_o civil_a action_n by_o the_o word_n of_o controversy_n judgement_n determination_n and_o decree_n he_o show_v that_o they_o have_v a_o certain_a form_n of_o proceed_v by_o punishment_n and_o reward_n he_o show_v that_o their_o sentence_n be_v compulsive_a so_o this_o testimony_n prove_v that_o they_o have_v a_o settle_a form_n of_o judgement_n in_o those_o three_o main_a part_n whereof_o justinian_n have_v compose_v his_o whole_a work_n i_o say_v de_fw-fr personis_fw-la rebus_fw-la et_fw-la actionibus_fw-la to_o touch_v a_o few_o particular_n it_o must_v needs_o be_v infer_v upon_o caesar_n word_n that_o they_o have_v a_o certain_a form_n of_o conveyance_n and_o course_n of_o inheritâ—â—ce_n in_o their_o land_n for_o else_o how_o can_v controversy_n of_o inheritance_n and_o land_n arise_v to_o be_v decide_v in_o judgement_n now_o if_o any_o man_n consider_v well_o of_o our_o ancient_a form_n of_o conveyance_n by_o feoffment_n and_o livery_n and_o the_o solemnity_n thereof_o use_v not_o only_o after_o but_o before_o the_o conquest_n ely_n histor_n ely_n he_o shall_v find_v it_o to_o be_v be_v like_a of_o the_o
fortescue_n sir_n john_n fortescue_n the_o learned_a sir_n john_n fortescue_n have_v full_o prove_v and_o whosoever_o shall_v consider_v of_o it_o indifferent_o shall_v find_v that_o it_o be_v the_o most_o righteous_a and_o godly_a course_n that_o ever_o be_v find_v out_o and_o therefore_o most_o likely_a to_o proceed_v from_o the_o piety_n of_o that_o holy_a king_n also_o in_o that_o pure_a age_n of_o christianity_n 20._o gra._n dist_n 11._o et_fw-la dist_n 20._o it_o be_v hold_v for_o a_o ground_n that_o first_o the_o scripture_n ought_v to_o be_v search_v whether_o any_o rule_n may_v be_v find_v for_o the_o action_n intend_v or_o not_o if_o not_o then_o mos_fw-la populi_fw-la dei_fw-la et_fw-la sanctorum_fw-la exempla_fw-la the_o manner_n of_o god_n people_n and_o the_o example_n of_o holy_a man_n be_v to_o be_v follow_v and_o if_o holy_a man_n ought_v to_o be_v imitate_v then_o who_o if_o not_o our_o most_o holy_a saviour_n as_o the_o apostle_n say_v 11._o ephes_n 5_o 1._o cor._n 11._o be_v follower_n of_o god_n as_o dear_a child_n and_o be_v follower_n of_o i_o as_o i_o be_o of_o christ_n quo_fw-la est_fw-la detestabilior_fw-la istorum_fw-la immanitas_fw-la so_o much_o the_o more_o be_v their_o cruelty_n to_o be_v abhor_v which_o labour_n to_o hide_v not_o only_o the_o word_n but_o also_o the_o example_n of_o christ_n away_o from_o us._n therefore_o i_o say_v lucius_n do_v institute_v the_o trial_n of_o all_o matter_n in_o fact_n 15.27_o act._n 1_o 22._o et_fw-la 10_o 41._o john_n 15.27_o to_o be_v by_o twelve_o witness_n as_o our_o saviour_n christ_n ordain_v &_o choose_v twelve_o to_o bear_v witness_n of_o his_o resurrection_n neither_o do_v i_o find_v any_o other_o law_n precedent_n or_o example_n from_o whence_o this_o manner_n of_o trial_n shall_v be_v take_v but_o i_o find_v that_o the_o reverend_a elutherius_n from_o who_o lucius_n have_v much_o of_o his_o light_n use_v the_o same_o rule_n &_o practice_v for_o that_o good_a bishop_n juxta_fw-la ordinationem_fw-la apostolorum_fw-la according_a to_o the_o apostle_n ordinance_n temp_v fascic_fw-la temp_v do_v decree_n that_o no_o meat_n usual_a for_o mankind_n shall_v be_v refuse_v of_o christian_n and_o exemplo_fw-la christi_fw-la by_o the_o example_n of_o christ_n ordain_v that_o none_o shall_v be_v regrade_v before_o he_o be_v condemn_v thus_o they_o take_v a_o rule_n or_o precedent_n for_o every_o thing_n out_o of_o the_o scripture_n and_o the_o authority_n of_o moses_n to_o the_o contrary_n be_v not_o to_o be_v object_v for_o although_o he_o say_v that_o at_o the_o mouth_n of_o two_o or_o three_o a_o offender_n shall_v die_v yet_o he_o add_v not_o the_o negative_a that_o more_o shall_v not_o be_v use_v therefore_o the_o apostolical_a canon_n before_o cite_v and_o the_o example_n of_o our_o saviour_n in_o the_o affirmative_a be_v a_o better_a warrant_n and_o it_o be_v most_o apparent_a that_o jury_n be_v use_v among_o the_o chsistian_a britain_n and_o before_o the_o saxon_a time_n for_o proof_n whereof_o although_o in_o my_o opinion_n the_o testimony_n of_o the_o profound_o learned_a sir_n john_n fortescue_n shall_v be_v sufficient_a say_n express_o that_o these_o law_n be_v use_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o britain_n fortescue_n sir_n john_n fortescue_n yet_o for_o the_o further_a satisfaction_n of_o those_o that_o lean_a to_o much_o to_o the_o opinion_n of_o polidor_n and_o other_o italian_n i_o will_v add_v more_o reason_n &_o authority_n to_o the_o same_o point_n first_o the_o most_o learned_a antiquary_n of_o our_o nation_n mr._n camden_n britannae_n camden_n britannae_n show_v plain_o that_o it_o be_v not_o invent_v by_o the_o conqueror_n as_o polidor_n say_v but_o it_o be_v in_o use_n in_o the_o day_n of_o king_n etheldred_n the_o saxon_a second_o the_o most_o excellent_a professor_n of_o our_o law_n 3._o praef_n in_o l._n 3._o sir_n edward_n cook_n before_o cite_v proove_v by_o substantial_a record_n that_o this_o trial_n be_v before_o the_o conquest_n so_o there_o be_v three_o witness_n every_o one_o of_o exceed_v great_a learning_n against_o one_o master_n polidor_n tantae_fw-la molis_fw-la erat_fw-la romanam_fw-la excindere_fw-la gentem_fw-la such_o a_o labour_n it_o be_v to_o overthrow_v these_o italian_a opinion_n of_o which_o our_o nation_n be_v too_o fond_o credulous_a but_o let_v we_o go_v forward_o &_o although_o my_o simple_a discourse_n can_v add_v no_o weight_n unto_o their_o most_o grave_a judgement_n especial_o the_o last_o cite_v which_o be_v ground_v upon_o record_n yet_o under_o favour_n i_o will_v adjoine_v some_o other_o testimony_n and_o proof_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o when_o by_o all_o man_n consent_n our_o judge_n be_v most_o exact_o learn_v as_o in_o deed_n it_o be_v a_o time_n excel_v not_o only_o in_o martial_a glory_n but_o in_o learning_n and_o wisdom_n i_o find_v mr._n belknap_n a_o reverend_a judge_n concur_v in_o opinion_n with_o these_o before_o name_v 3.31_o 41._o e._n 3.31_o the_o law_n say_v he_o be_v found_v in_o this_o that_o every_o inquest_n shall_v be_v take_v per_fw-la duodecim_fw-la liberos_fw-la et_fw-la legales_fw-la homines_fw-la et_fw-la non_fw-la per_fw-la pauciores_fw-la if_o it_o be_v a_o foundation_n of_o the_o common_a law_n then_o without_o question_n it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o first_o law_n and_o we_o must_v needs_o confess_v that_o no_o law_n can_v be_v without_o trial_n and_o it_o can_v be_v prove_v that_o ever_o any_o other_o trial_n be_v use_v beside_o this_o in_o plea_n of_o land_n or_o inherirance_n in_o this_o kingdom_n but_o to_o make_v it_o yet_o more_o plain_a the_o city_n of_o london_n be_v and_o be_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o britain_n by_o the_o confession_n of_o many_o learned_a writer_n namely_o caesar_n tacitus_n ptolemy_n ammianus_n marcellinus_n gildas_n galfridus_n etc._n etc._n a_o most_o ancient_a city_n a_o place_n of_o government_n &_o rule_v by_o a_o governor_n the_o sea_n of_o a_o flamine_fw-la or_o bishop_n not_o a_o fastenes_n of_o the_o wood_n as_o some_o have_v imagine_v upon_o the_o general_a and_o uncertain_a word_n of_o author_n which_o never_o see_v it_o but_o frequent_v and_o cclebrate_v with_o concourse_n of_o merchant_n &_o plenty_n of_o commerce_n as_o tacitus_n affirm_v now_o i_o pray_v you_o behold_v with_o the_o eye_n of_o your_o mind_n the_o form_n of_o such_o a_o city_n and_o tell_v i_o how_o you_o can_v imagine_v it_o to_o stand_v without_o a_o court_n of_o justice_n the_o bond_n of_o commerce_n for_o the_o decide_n of_o controversy_n or_o how_o you_o can_v imagine_v that_o such_o a_o court_n shall_v be_v without_o a_o due_a form_n of_o trial_n but_o lest_o i_o may_v seem_v to_o deal_v by_o imagination_n for_o the_o first_o point_n that_o it_o have_v a_o court_n vir_fw-la calf_n mon._n pontic_a vir_fw-la galfridus_n monemuthensis_fw-la and_o ponticus_n virunnius_n out_o of_o the_o ancient_a british_a history_n do_v testify_v in_o plain_a word_n that_o in_o the_o day_n of_o julius_n caesar_n irelgas_n nephew_n of_o cassibellan_n be_v slay_v by_o cuelinus_n nephew_n to_o androgeus_n governor_n or_o lieutenant_n of_o london_n a_o commandment_n be_v give_v to_o androgeus_n to_o bring_v cuelinus_n to_o the_o k._n court_n there_o to_o receive_v justice_n his_o answer_n be_v seize_v svam_fw-la habere_fw-la curiam_fw-la et_fw-la in_o illa_fw-la definiri_fw-la debere_fw-la quicquid_fw-la alquis_fw-la in_o homines_fw-la suos_fw-la clamaret_fw-la si_fw-la ergo_fw-la rectitudinem_fw-la de_fw-la cuelino_n decrevisset_fw-la appetere_fw-la ipsam_fw-la in_o urbe_fw-la trinobantum_n ex_fw-la veterum_fw-la traditione_n fieri_fw-la praeciperet_fw-la he_o allege_v that_o he_o have_v his_o court_n wherein_o aught_o to_o be_v determine_v whatsoever_o any_o man_n lay_v to_o the_o charge_n of_o his_o man_n &_o that_o right_a aught_o to_o be_v do_v unto_o they_o in_o the_o city_n of_o london_n according_a to_o the_o ancient_a custom_n for_o the_o second_o point_n if_o mr._n polidor_n will_v not_o give_v we_o leave_v to_o think_v that_o london_n have_v this_o jurisdiction_n in_o caesar_n time_n yet_o without_o his_o leave_n i_o will_v prove_v by_o many_o infallible_a record_n that_o the_o same_o city_n of_o london_n have_v this_o jurisdiction_n and_o namely_o this_o trial_n by_o twelve_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o britain_n thus_o this_o city_n of_o london_n have_v and_o have_v always_o from_o time_n out_o of_o mind_n their_o husting_n &_o the_o writ_n of_o right_n in_o london_n tryable_a by_o twelve_o the_o assize_n of_o freshforce_o tryable_a by_o twelve_o and_o the_o trial_n of_o plea_n of_o the_o crown_n by_o twelve_o it_o must_v needs_o be_v that_o these_o liberty_n be_v begin_v either_o by_o parliament_n or_o prescription_n either_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o norman_n of_o the_o saxon_n or_o of_o the_o britain_n but_o in_o 14._o e._n 2._o when_o they_o must_v needs_o have_v know_v if_o there_o have_v be_v any_o patent_n or_o
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house_n long_o before_o the_o conquest_n as_o of_o king_n kenredus_n to_o the_o abbey_n of_o euesham_n of_o other_o to_o the_o cathedral_n church_n of_o landaffe_n &_o st._n davies_n etc._n etc._n but_o of_o all_o other_o most_o excellent_a be_v the_o patent_n procure_v by_o turketulus_n lord_n chancellor_n &_o lord_n of_o threescore_o manor_n who_o surrender_v they_o all_o to_o king_n ear_v and_o obtain_v six_o manor_n which_o be_v also_o name_v by_o ingulfus_n to_o be_v grant_v to_o the_o abbye_n of_o croyland_n together_o with_o many_o ancient_a custom_n and_o new_a liberty_n by_o which_o may_v be_v understand_v the_o use_n of_o the_o common_a law_n then_o and_o long_o before_o concern_v also_o the_o manner_n of_o suit_n in_o law_n &_o take_v distress_n or_o pledge_n &_o that_o the_o defendant_n shall_v find_v surety_n or_o mainpernor_n a_o thing_n very_o ancient_a whereof_o we_o read_v in_o the_o law_n of_o king_n ina_n arc._n lamb._n arc._n &_o yet_o continue_v among_o we_o i_o find_v some_o such_o matter_n note_v by_o job_n where_o he_o speak_v of_o take_v pledge_n 9_o job._n 17.3_o et_fw-fr 24.3_o et_fw-fr 9_o and_o desire_v that_o god_n will_v put_v in_o surety_n to_o answer_v he_o also_o the_o particular_a law_n of_o distress_n do_v prove_v that_o they_o be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o word_n of_o god_n for_o by_o the_o common_a law_n no_o man_n may_v distreine_v a_o millstone_n 24._o deut._n 24._o a_o thing_n special_o provide_v by_o god_n himself_o our_o ancient_a kind_n of_o punnishment_n as_o by_o imprisonment_n fetter_n stock_n &c_n &c_n be_v name_v likewise_o in_o several_a place_n by_o job._n capital_a execution_n be_v derive_v from_o the_o law_n give_v to_o noah_n whosoever_o shed_v man_n blood_n 9.6_o gen._n 9.6_o by_o man_n shall_v his_o blood_n be_v shed_v last_o our_o punishment_n by_o utlary_n seem_v to_o be_v most_o ancient_a &_o of_o the_o same_o beginning_n for_o take_v bracttons_n description_n of_o utlary_n and_o compare_v it_o with_o the_o 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shall_v thou_o be_v in_o the_o earth_n thus_o he_o forfeit_v his_o country_n and_o his_o possession_n the_o profit_n of_o his_o labour_n &_o of_o his_o ground_n his_o friend_n and_o his_o peace_n and_o this_o be_v the_o nature_n of_o our_o utlary_n use_v to_o this_o day_n in_o capital_a offence_n but_o in_o lesser_a contempt_n more_o easy_a and_o tolerable_a now_o of_o these_o thing_n before_o describe_v have_v consequent_o follow_v all_o our_o proceed_n aswell_o in_o real_a as_o in_o personal_a action_n for_o the_o process_n of_o distress_n in_o the_o parsonall_a be_v but_o the_o take_n of_o pledge_n of_o the_o defendant_n for_o appearance_n and_o the_o process_n by_o cape_n in_o the_o real_a be_v but_o the_o seize_v of_o the_o land_n for_o a_o surety_n to_o the_o same_o prepose_v from_o whence_o also_o many_o other_o secundarie_n conclusion_n of_o reason_n have_v necessarilye_o ensue_v as_o the_o return_n and_o loss_n of_o issue_n default_n contempt_n forfeiture_n etc._n etc._n further_o in_o our_o chronicle_n we_o read_v of_o lord_n &_o tenant_n in_o the_o day_n of_o gorbonian_n the_o good_a mon_fw-fr galfrid_n mon_fw-fr and_o of_o fealty_n swear_v to_o the_o prince_n in_o the_o time_n of_o elidurus_n the_o godly_a virum_fw-la pontic_a virum_fw-la which_o of_o necessity_n be_v accompany_v with_o tenor_n service_n distress_n and_o such_o like_a and_o thus_o much_o be_v speak_v of_o the_o ancient_a visible_a footstep_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n which_o be_v before_o lucius_n of_o which_o you_o may_v read_v also_o in_o the_o learned_a discourse_n of_o the_o above_o name_v sir_n edward_z cook_n before_o the_o three_o book_n of_o his_o report_n where_o he_o cit_v the_o sentence_n of_o caesar_n say_v that_o the_o discipline_n of_o the_o druidae_n be_v find_v out_o in_o britannia_n and_o that_o we_o have_v some_o form_n of_o proceed_v from_o the_o greek_a which_o may_v well_o be_v but_o you_o see_v the_o ground_n and_o beginning_n be_v much_o more_o apparent_a to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o record_n of_o that_o