pardon and promised the Treasurer at warres Sir Henrie Wallop that he would continue his Alleageance to the Queene At this time likewise Feagh Mac Hugh Walter Reagh and many Lemster men began to enter into actions of hostility against the English The Lord Deputy who saw this storme of Rebellion would lye heauy on his shoulders in his letters to the I ords in England had let fall a request that some olderperienced Commander might be sent ouer to him for his better assistance meaning no doubt such a Captaine as should be commanded by the supreame authority of the Lord Deputie But the Lords either mistaking his intent or because they so iudged it best for her Maiesties seruice sent ouer Sir Iohn Norreys a great Leader and famous in the warres of the Low Countries and France giuing him the title of Lord General with absolute command ouer military affaires in the absence of the L. Deputie This great Commander was not like to be willingly commanded by any who had not borne as great or greater place in the warres then himselfe So as whether through emulation growing betweene him and the Lord Deputy or a declining of his Fortune incident to the greatest Leaders howsoeuer he behaued himselfe most valiantly and wisely in some encounters against Tyrone and the chiefe rebels yet he did nothing against them of moment About the beginning of Iune the L. Deputie and the Lord Generall drew their Forces towards Armagh and now Tyrone had sent letters of submission to them both intreating the Lord Generall more specially for a milder proceeding against him so as he might not be forced to a headlong breach of his loyaltie These letters should haue been deliuered at Dundalke but the Marshall Bagnoll intercepting them stayed the messenger at the Newrye till the Lord Deputies returne at which time because in this iourney Tyrone had been proclaimed Traytor he refused to receiue them in respect of her Maiesties Honour Yet shortly after at Tyrones instance Sir Henrie Wallop Treasurer at Warres and Sir Robert Gardner chiefe Iustice of Ireland were by Commission appointed to conferre with him and his confederate Rebels Tyrone in this conference complained of the Marshall for his vsurped iurisdiction in Vlster for depriuing him of the Queenes fauour by slaunders for intercepting his late letters to the Lord Deputie and Lord Generall protesting that he neuer negotiated with forraine Prince till he was proclaimed Traytor His humble petitions were that hee and his might be pardoned and haue free exercise of Religion granted which notwithstanding had neuer before either been punished or inquired after That the Marshall should pay him one thousand pound for his dead Sisters his wiues portion That no Garrisons nor Sheriffes should be in his Country That his Troope of fiftie horse in the Queenes pay might be restored to him And that such as had preyed his Country might make restitution Odonnell magnifying his Fathers and Progenitors seruices to the Crowne complained that Captaine Boyne sent by Sir Iohn Perrot with his Company into his Countrey vnder pretence to reduce the people to ciuilitie and being well entertained of his Father had besides many other iniuries raised a Bastard to be Odonnel and that Sir Iohn Perrot by a ship sent thither had taken himselfe by force and long imprisoned him at Dublin And that Sir William Fitz Williams had wrongfully kept Owen O. Toole aboue mentioned seuen yeeres in prison His petitions were for pardon to him and his and for freedome of Religion That no Garrisons or Sheriffes might bee placed in his Countrey And that certaine Castles and lands in the County of Sligo might bee restored to him Shane Mac Brian Mac Phelime Oneale complained of an Iland taken from him by the Earle of Essex and that he had been imprisoned till he surrendered to the Marshall a Barrony his ancient Inheritance Hugh Mac Guire complained of insolencies done by Garrison souldiers and by a Sheriffe who besides killed one of his nearest Kinsmen Brian Mac Hugh Oge and Mac Mahowne so the Irish called the chiefe of that name suruiuing and Euer Mac Cooly of the same Family of Mac Mahownes complained of the aboue-mentioned vniust execution of Hugh Roe Mac Mahowne in the Gouernement of Sir William Fitz Williams The Commissioners iudged some of their petitions equall others they referred to the Queenes pleasure But when on the Queenes part they propounded to the Rebels some Articles to bee performed by them they were growne so insolent as iudging them vnequall the conference was broken off with a few dayes Truce granted on both sides when the Queene for sparing of bloud had resolued to giue them any reasonable conditions This Truce ended the Lord Deputy and the Lord Generall about the eightenth of Iuly drew the Forces to Armagh with such terror to the Rebels as Tyrone left the Fort of Blackwater burnt the Towne of Dungannon and pulled downe his House there burnt all Villages and betooke himselfe to the Woods They proclaimed Tyrone Traytor in his owne Countrey and leauing a Guard in the Church of Armagh they for want of victuals returned to Dublin and by the way placed a Garrison in Alonaghan And when the Army came neere to Dundalke the Lord Deputie according to his instructions from England yeelded the command of the Army to the Lord Generall and leauing him with the Forces in the Northerne Borders returned to Dublin The third of September Hugh Earle of Tyrone Hugh O Donnel Bryan O Rourke Hugh Mac Guire Bryan Mac Mahowne Sir Arthur Oneale Art Mac Baron Henry Oge Oneale Turlogh Mac Henry Oneale Cormac Mac Baron Tyrones Brother Con Oneale Tyrones base Sonne Bryan Art Mac Brian and one Francis Mounfoord were for forme of Law indited though absent and condemned iudicially of Treason in the Countie of Lowthe neere the Borders of the North. From this time the Lemster Rebels began to grow very strong for Feegh Mac Hugh of the Obirns Donnel Spanniah of the Cauanaghs when they were declining in want of munition were not prosecuted but vpon fained submission were receiued into protection and so had meanes to renew their Forces and supply their wants so as this yeere about this moneth of September they began to oppresse al the subiects from the Gates almost of Dublin to the County of Wexford the most ancient English County and euer much cared for by the Queene which they spoiled wanting forces to defend it and so depriued the English souldier of great reliefe he might haue found therein The like may be said of the Oconnors in Ophalia Generall Norris being left by the Lord Deputie on the Northerne Borders with full command of the Army the Winter passed without any great exploit There was in many things no small emulation betweene the Lord Deputie and him and no losse in Tyrones particular The Lord Deputie seemed to the Lord Generall to be vnequall and too tharpe against Tyrone with whom he wished no treaty of Peace to bee
was appointed to doe till the carriage and horse should be passed And now the Lord Deputies Vanguard being come to the passage of the said water maintained a resolure skermish with the Rebels on the left hand and altogether secured the Earles troopes on that side Therebels thus beaten on both sides left some one hundred shot to skirmish with the Lord Deputies vanguard and all retired to the Earle of Southamptons reare and came desperatly on our men both with horse and foot But Sir Henry Follyot made a very good stand and Sir Oliuer Lambert fearing left our men should be distressed the more to incourage them tooke his colours in his owne hand and together with some 30 of the Earle of Southamptons Vangards best men sent back to the Rere hastened towards the Assaliants to second the Earle who at that time with some 6 horse did charge the assailing Rebels and beate them a musket shot back still pursuing them til they hauing spent their powder and throwne their staues darts and innumerable stones recouered the place where Tyrone stood himselfe with some 220 horse and 200 foote in sight besides a far greater number hid in the woods which neuer came vnto this fight When our men had thus gained much ground the Earle commaunded them to march towards the Army and presently Sir Richard Wingfeild the Marshal of the army of Ireland came to the with order from the L. Dep. that since the repulsed rebels were not like to giue any second charge they should continue their march following his L ps troopes directly to the Newry In this conflict 2 of our men were slaine Capt. Atherton and Mast. Cheut were shot and some few hurt with swords and such weapons On the rebels side there were in all 1200 foot thus aduantagiously lodged and 140 horse and Tirone himself confessed that ten of his men died with ouer-trauelling in this hasty march besides such as were killed whose number could not certainely be learned The 21 of May his Lp. was aduertised from Sir Arthur Chichester Gouernour of Carickfergus that the English sent to plant at Loughsoyle were safely landed with small resistance and had taken Newcastle belonging to Sir Iohn Odogherty whose country they had spoiled wasted and that some of them sent forth vpon a draught had taken good store of cowes and killed some of Odonnels people and that they were now busie in fortifying about the Derric so as many of that country Southward did passe their cowes and moueables into Scotland depending specially vpon the hopes of Spanish succours That Brian Mac Art a rebel bordering on Carickfergus had left his fastnes of Kilultagh and now lay on the borders of Lecale where he purposed to assaile him the rather because he had sent 200 men to assist Tyrone that diuers Gentlemen and others did daily flie from the rebels and resort vnto him with their goods to the number of 1200 cowes and more would come but that he doubted their faithfulnes That to free himself of the imputation to keepe Iames Mac Surley an enemy till he had reuenged on him his brothers death he had imployed Colonell Egerton to inuite that rebell to submission but receiued onely temporising answeres whereupon according to his L ps directions hee had written and sent a messenger of purpose to the Lord of Clantyer an Ilander Scot to stirre him vp against Iames Mac Surley wrongfully possessing his rightfull inheritance in those parts of Ireland offering to ioyne the Queenes forces vnder his commaund to those powers he should bring for recouerie of this his right so as he would after yeeld due tribute and obedience to her Maiesty but that vpon the King of Scots late Proclamation that al bearing Armes should be ready to attend the King on the 17 of Iuly next following in prosecution of the Ilander Scots as was giuen out refusing to pay tribute he feared that this Lord would bee diuerted from imbracing this busines howsoeuer aduantageous to him That he had receiued Con Mac Neale the son of Neale Mac Brian and his horsemen into her Maiesties pay and would shortly waste his fathers Country whence Brian Mac Art and some 400 Bonnaghtes or hired souldiers were maintained and fed Finally that he thought fit to rebuild Olderfleete and leaue some in Ward there because the Hauen was commodious to succour weather-beaten ships going to supplie the Garrison of Loughfoyle with necessaries The 26 of May the Lord Deputie receiued a letter from the Lords in England with full answere to his late dispatches For the Earle of Ormonds detension they signified her Maiesties griefe to be the greater because any attempt made for his recouerie was like to proue his ruine and that her Maiestie had written to the Countefse to send the Earles young daughter and heire into England For Sir Arthur Oneales demaunds vpon his comming in to serue her Maiesty in the first point concerning religion her Maiesty bare with it because she took it to proceede of his ignorance not of presumption only wishing the L. Dep to let him see that her Maiesty pursued none in those parts for religion and so to satisfie him but in no wise by any contract or condition Next for his andothers suits for land and for entertainements because such ouertures were like daily to be made by such as submitted themselues and protraction of sending to and fro might lose many opportunities First touching the sutes for land her Maiesties directions in particular cases following should be a rule to the Lord Deputie for his graunts of that kind And first for Sir Arthur Oneales demaunding Tyrones estate that could not be granted him by reason Tyrone vpon pretence of an old inquisition had extended the limits of his Countrie and incroched far into the South and East But her Maiesty was pleased to giue him Tyrones principall seates reseruing places for forts and lands to maintaine them and reseruing all dependancy of the Vriaghtes or neighbour Lords also reseruing lands in Tyrone to reward the seruices of such Gentlemen as should serue vnder Sir Arthur in these warres which they should onely hold of her Maiestie by letters Patents For the rest Sir Arthur Oneale to be chiefe in Tyrone as well in superioritie as in reuenue Touching Neale Garues demaunds for O Donnels estate her Maiesties pleasure was to reserue some Portes and Castles and some lands to reward the seruices of that Countries Gentlemen intending that these and more specially the Mac Swynes should depend onely vpon her Maiestie and haue right to those lands by her letters Patents Touching Mac Guires Country her Maiestie directed like reseruations of land for Fortes and rewards of seruices and generally in all grantes charged to reserue her Maiesties ancient rights Secondly touching suitors for entertainements in pay her Maiestes pleasure was signified to allow one thousand pound a moneth so long as the Lord Deputy and the Counsel there should thinke fit to be imployed that way according to the
the corrupt disposition of some Captaines and for want of good discipline in our forces great frauds were committed as well to vs in not keeping the full numbers by vs allowed as also to the souldiers in detaining their wages or part thereof from them which deceits without good caution now to be vsed may be againe renewed We doe therefore expect that you shall establish so good a course of discipline for the ordering of our Bands in this point as that wee shall not be hereafter abused in decaies of our numbers as heretofore we haue beene which you shall neuer so well preuent nor alien mens minds from like frauds as by insticting notorious and exemplary punishments vpon Captaines and Officers when their faults in this kind shall appeare to be notorious not onely by casting them out of our pay but by degrading and other notes of ignominy which in military discipline are vsed to be iustly done to men who by their shamelesse actions doe not onely bring shame to their profession but to the publike seruices notable impediments and in a manner an euident treachery And as this first change of payment in apparell to be paid in money had his first motion from you our Deputy and the principall Captaines and Officers of the Army in which you now note perill if the exchange bee not maintained As it is true that that must be supported by vs and shal be so we know none must preuent the Captaines taking of pay for their soldiers apparell and not bestowing it but your selfe of whose care and iudgement we haue great reason to assure our selues both for your loue to our seruice and your own Honor. The second point which we recommend vnto you is the due execution of our former Proclamations touching this matter of the exchange and the assistance of the Master of our exchange and his Ministers therein to the end that all frauds discouered of late to haue been vsed hy Merchants who abuse our Princely intention therein for their priuate gaine may be remedied and therein chiefly that the vse of all monies descried may be taken away from the people of that Countrey and withall sterling money may bee brought into our Exchange vpon such conditions as our Proclamations containe For that wee doe find that our intent in the erection of this new Coyne can no way so soone take place as by withdrawing all other monies from them whereby the Rebels may exercise trafficke with forraigne Nations and by them be relieued wherefore you may adde to the remedies in our said Proclamations mentioned any other good meanes that in your indgements shall be thought meete to be be vsed and publish the same by Proclamation in our name or aduertise vs of your conceit to the end you may haue warrant frō vs to do that which we shal think meet to be done therein Further we haue thought good to admonish you that forasmuch as the winter apparell already deliuered to the souldier wil not bee run out vntill the fourteenth day of May inclusiue And that it is likely seeing you know already that we purposed to take away the deliuery of apparell you haue furnished the Companies in Lieu thereof with some money by way of imprests whereby it may fall out that we shall be double charged Therefore you our Deputy shall take order with our Treasurer that vpon the halfe yeeres full pay to be ended at Michaelmas next defalcation be made of so much as any Companies shall haue receiued betweene the first of Aprill and the fifteenth of May aboue their weekely lendings if so much shall be then ouer paied to any Company Giuen vnder our signet at our Mannor of Greenewich the eight and twentieth of Aprill in the foure and fortieth yeere of our Raigne In the beginning of Iune the Lord Deputy hauing gathered the forces together tooke the field and marched vp to Blackewater to the passage which he had the last yeere discouered to be most conuenient to carry her Maiesties Forces that way into the heart of Tyrone At this passage lying some fiue miles Eastward from the fort of Blackewater his Lordship incamped on the South side of the Riuer hauing a small pace or skirt of wood betweene him and the Riuer of which pace he had the yeere before cut downe many trees so as at this time the passage was soone cleered Hence his Lordship sent Sir Richard Moryson with his Regiment to possesse the North side of the Riuer for securing of the Armies passage against any attempt of the Rebels Thus the Queenes forces being entered into Tyrone there incamped and his Lordship spent some time in causing a bridge to be built ouer the Riuer and a fort adioining to guard the passage which of his owne Christian name was called Charlemount and left Captaine Toby Cawfield with his Company being one hundred and fifty to command the same From the Campe the Countrey was plaine and open to Dungannon being distant some sixe miles and while these workes were in hand we might see the Towne of Dungannon and Tyrones chiefe House there seated to be set on fier whereby it was apparant that Tyrone with his forces meant to flie and quit those parts So as the Lord Deputy sent S r Richard Moryson with his regiment to possesse Dungannon whether his Lordship soone after marched with the rest of the forces By this time Sir Henry Dockwra Gouernour of the Forces about Loughfoyle hauing planted many garrisous in those parts had lately planted a garrison at Omy being some twelue miles distant from Dungannon whence he came with his forces and met the Lord Deputy at Dungannon Thus the Lord Deputy hauing driuen the Archtraitor out of his owne Countrey as high as the Castle Row vpon the Ban sent out some parties to spoile and prey the Countrey as farre as Eniskillin vpon Lough Erne Then he tooke some of Tyrones strongest Ilands namely one wherein he had a strong Fort where we recouered three peeces of her Maiesties artillery and another Iland called Magherlowni which next Dungannon was the chiefe place of his aboade and Magazins for his warre From Dungannon the Lord Deputy sent Sir Richard Moryson with fiue hundred foot to meet Sir Arthur Chichester who came with his forces from Carickfergus and was to passe Loughsidney and land within few miles of Dungannon where they being met did according to the Lord Deputies direction begin to raise a Fort. In the meane time the Lord Deputy hauing vtterly banished all Tirones partakers out of those parts marched fiue miles from Dungannon to Loughsidney where Sir Arthur Chichester lay with his forces and his Lordship encamped there till he had made the Fort defencible to containe aboue one thousand foot and one hundred horse which were to be victualed from Carickfergus by the way of the said Lough This Fort of his Lordships Barrony he called Mountioy and made Sir Bentamin Berry his Lieftenant and now one of the Colonels of the
waggon so fast as hee ouerturned it on the side of a Hil and himselfe broke his necke The waggoners haue an appointed place at Coppenhagen where they haue a stable for their horses for two Danish shillings a night but themselues buy hay and oates And the next day by noone they must return to their dwellings though they go empty when no passengers are to be found From hence my selfe and one companion hired a waggon for twelue Lubeck shillings each of vs to Elsinure being fiue miles whither we came in fiue houres fetching many circuits vpon the sea coasts This is a poore village but much frequented by sea-faring men by reason of the straight sea called the Sownd where the King of Denmark hath laid so great impositiō vpon ships and goods comming out of the Balticke sea or brought into the same as this sole profit passeth all the reuenewes of his Kingdome In this village a strong Castle called Croneburg lyeth vpon the mouth of the Straight to which on the other side of this Narrow sea in the Kingdome of Norway another Castle is opposite called Elsburg and these Castles keepe the Straight that no ship can passe into the Baltick sea or out of it hauing not first paied these impositions They say there is another passage between two Ilands for all the Kingdom of Denmark consists of little Ilands but the same is forbidden vpon penalty of confiscation of all the goods And they report that three shippes in a darke fog passed this straight without paying any thing but after this being made knowne to the Kings ministers at the returne of the said ships all their goods were confiscated In respect of the Danes scrupulous and iealous nature I did with great difficulty putting on a Merchants habite and giuing a greater reward then the fauour deserued obtaine to enter Croneburg Castle which was built foure square and hath only one gate on the East side where it lies vpon the straight Aboue this gate is a chamber in which the King vseth to eat and two chambers wherein the King and Queene lie apart Vnder the fortification of the Castle round about are stables for horses and some roomes for like purposes On the South-side towards the Baltick sea is the largest roade for ships And vpon this side is the prison and aboue it a short gallery On the West side towards the village is the Church of the Castle aboue it a very faire gallery in which the King vseth to feast at solemne times On the North side is the prospect partly vpon the Iland and partly vpon the Narrow sea which reacheth twenty foure miles to the German Ocean And because great store of ships passe this way in great Fleets of a hundreth more or lesse together this prospect is most pleasant to all men but most of all to the King seeing so many shippes whereof not one shall passe without adding somewhat to his treasure On this side lie two chambers which are called the King of Scotland his chambers euer since his Maiesty lodged there when he wooed and married his Queene The hangings thereof were of redde cloch and the chaires and stooles couered with the same but they said that the rich furniture was laid vp in the Kings absence The Hauen will receiue great number of shippes and it hath Croneburge Castle on the North side the Castle of Elsburg on the East side and Zealand the chiefe Iland of the Kingdome on the West side and the Iland Wheen on the South side To which Iland the long straight or narrow sea lies opposite towards the North leading into the German Ocean This Iland Wheen is a mile long and not altogether so broad hauing onely one groue in it This solitary place King Fredrick Father to Christianus now raigning gaue to a Gentleman called Tugo-Brahe for his dwelling who being a famous Astronomer liued here solitarily at this time was said to haue some Church liuings for his maintenance and to liue vnmarried but keeping a Concubine of whom he had many children the reason of his so liuing was thought to be this because his nose hauing been cut off in a quarrell when he studied in an Vniuersitiy of Germany he knew himselfe thereby disabled to marry any Gentlewoman of his own quality It was also said that the gentlemen lesse respected him for liuing in that sort and did not acknowledge his sonnes for Gentlemen King Frederick also gaue this learned Gentleman of his free gift many and very faire Astronomicall instruments and he liuing in a pleasant Iland wherein no man dwelt but his family wanted no pleasure which a contemplatiue man could desire Besides the aforesaid instruments this Gentleman had a very faire Library full of excellent bookes and a like faire still-house Besides not farre from his house he had a little round house of great beauty in which he did exercise his speculation the couer thereof being to bee remoued at pleasure so as lying with his face vpward he might in the night time fully behold the Starres or any of them In this little house all famous Astronomers vvere painted and the following Verses were added each to the picture to which they belong Sulueta Heroes vetus O Timochare salue AEther is ante alios ause subire polos God saue ye worthies old Timocherus I greet thee more then many venturous To mount the Starres and shew them vnto vs. Tu quoque demensus Solis Lunaeque recursus Hipparche quot quot sidera Olympus habet And thou Hipparchus thou didst measure euen The course of Sun Moone and all Starres of heauen Antiquos superare volens Ptolomee labores Orbibus numeris promptius astra locas Ptolomy thou to passe old ages reach The Numbers and the Orbes dost better teach Emendare aliquid satis Albategne studebas Syderaconatus post habuere tuos Thou Albategnus somewhat yet to mend Didst striue but wert preuented by thine end Quod labor studium reliquis tibi contulit Aurum Alphonse vt tantis annumerere viris These got by paines and study thou by gold Alphonsus with such men to be inrol'd Curriculis tritis diffise Copernice terram Innitam astriferum flectere cogis iter Copernicus thou old said sawes didst doubt Thou mak'st heauen stand and earth turne round about In the best place this Gentleman Tugo Brahe had set his owne picture with the following Verses Quaesitis veterum proprijs normoe astra subegi Quantiid Iudictum posteritatis eret With old Rules and my owne the Starres I place Which after-times as it deserues shall grace Many Instruments are there placed by him which himselfe inuented and hee hath made a solemne dedication of the house to the ages to come with earnest prayers that they will not pull downe this Monument The Danes thinke this Iland Wheen to be of such importance as they haue an idle fable that a King of England should offer for the possession of it as much scarlet
the City though it were taken by the enemy A little beneath is the monastery of the Carthusians and vpon pretence to enlarge that monastery the Emperour Charles the fifth built this most strong Castle to bridle the wonted petulancy and inconstancy of the Citizens and from thence there is a most sweet prospect as well into the City as to the bayes of the sea Towards the South-side is the Hauen and beyond the f bay of Naples lies firme land for the Sea comming in from the West makes this bay Vpon this side is a fortification for the safety of the hauen which is called g Il Molle it driues off the waues of the sea and makes the Hauen like an halfe Moone and therein at this time were twenty gallies and ten small ships The Armory lies vpon the Sea from whence the gallies and ships and land forces are armed and among other things there is kept the rich Armour yet without any ornament of gold of the French King Francis the first which he did weare when he was taken prisoner at Pauia Thereby lies a large market place in which is a faire fountaine with many Images casting out water Also there is a Tower where they set light by night to guide sea men into the Hauen In the said market place is a stone vpon which many play away their liberty at dice the Kings officers lending them money which when they haue lost and cannot repay they are drawne into the gallies for the Spaniards haue slaues of both sexes On the outside of the said Molle or fortification vpon the hauen towards the west neere to the shore lies the most strong fort called l Castello nuouo seated in a plaine and built by Charles the first of Arion and so fortified by Alphonso the first King of Aragon as it is numbred among the chiefe forts of Europe The inward gate is most faire all of marble and it hath a little fouresquare hall in which the Parliaments are yeerely held and the Viceroyes weekely sit in iudgement Neere this hall is a faire tower in which the Kingly ornaments are laid vp namely a scepter of gold with great diamonds vpon the top the sword with the haft and scabbard of gold adorned with precious stones the Kings Crowne shining with precious stones a golden crosse an huge pot of gold set with precious stones great Vnlcornes hornes and the chiefe kinds of precious stones Further towards the West yet so neere as the garden of the Pallace lies vpon the ditch of this Castle is the k Viceroyes Palace which hath a large and most sweet garden and delicate walk paued with diuers coloured and engrauen marbles And in this garden are two banquetting houses whereof one is very stately built and hath a sweet fountaine close to the table continually powring out water Also there is a delicate cage of birds wrought about with thick wyer and it is as big as an ordinary stil-house delicately shadowed round about wherein are many kinds of singing birds as well of Italy as forraigne Countries A little further within the water is the h Castle of the egge built vpon a rock by the Normans which Rocke is of an ouall forme and gaue the name to the Castle vulgarly called Castel ' del ' vuono which at this day is ruinous and some say it was the Pallace of Lucullus but it is certaine that the Normans built it as they did also another Castle which is old and called the Capuan Castle of the adioining Capuan-gate Naples was of old called Parthenope of one of the Syrens there buried whom they write to haue cast her selfe into the sea for griefe that by no flattery shee could detaine Vlisses with her The Citizens of old Cuma built Naples and left it should grow great to the preiudice of Cuma they pulled it down againe till at last oppressed with a great glague vpon the warning of an oracle they built it againe and changing the old name Parthenope called it Naples which in Greeke signifies a new City It is seated at the foot of hils and mountaines in length from the North-east to the South-west or rather seemeth to be triangular whereof two corners lie vpon the sea and that towards the West is more narrow then the other and the third blunt corner lies towards the mountaines Vpon the East-side there be pleasant suburbs and vpon the West-side more large suburbs but vpon the North-side without the wals there be onely some few eeeee scattered houses built vpon the sides of hils The houses of the City are foure roofes high but the tops lie almost plaine so as they walke vpon them in the coole time of the night or at left in generall the tops are not much erected like other parts of Italy and the building is of free stone and sheweth antiquity but the windowes are all couered with paper or linnen cloth for glasse windowes are most rare in Italy and as it were proper to Venice It hath three faire broad and long streetes namely La Toletano la Capuana and la vicaria the rest are very narrow There be eight gates towards land and as many towards sea among which the Capuan gate since the Emperour Charles the fifth entered thereat is decked with monuments and statuaes There be in this City very many Pallaces of Gentlemen Barons and Princes whereupon the City is vulgarly called Napoli Gentile Among these two Pallaces are most stately one of the Duke of Greuina which the King of Spaine forbad to be finished the other of the Prince of Salerno There be foure publike houses called Seggij in which the Princes and Gentlemen haue yeerely meetings and there also is the daily meeting of the Merchants Almost euery house hath his fountaine of most wholsome waters Neere the market place are many Innes but poore and base for howsoeuer the City aboundeth with houses where they giue lodging and meat yet it deserues no praise for faire Innes of good entertainement On all sides the eye is as it were bewitched with the sight of delicate gardens aswell within the City as neere the same The gardens without the wals are so rarely delightfull as I should thinke the Hesperides were not to be compared with them and they are adorned with statuaes laberinthes fountaines vines myrtle palme cetron lemon orange and cedar trees with lawrels mulberies roses rosemary and all kinds of fruits and flowers so as they seeme an earthly Paradice The fields are no lesse fruitfull bringing forth abundantly all things for the vse of man The Kings stables without the wals are worth the seeing for the horses of this Kingdome are much esteemed and if any man buy a horse to carry out of the Kingdome he payes the tenth part of the price to the King The City being seated vpon the sides of hils and by lying open to the South being subiect to great heates and most parts of the streetes being narrow so as in walking the heat
pressed them to confesse their sinnes and so to receiue the Lords Supper which when they refused to doe it was apparant to the Friars that they were of the reformed Religion whom they terme heretikes Whereupon the Friars beganne to neglect them I will not say to hate them and while the two which were wounded staied for recouery of their health and so detained the other two with them it happened that the third fell sicke So as none had their health now but Master Verseline who louingly and like a seruant more then a friend prouided all necessaries for his companion Master Bacon till at last himselfe also fell sicke and was the first of them that died Then within eight daies space all the rest died either for that they were neglected by the Friers which I thinke sufficient in that Countrey to cast away any in their case or by their too much care namely by poison as some suspect for the Friars haue one of their order who is skilfull in physicke and hath a chamber furnished with cooling waters sirops and other medicines most fit for that Countrey When they were dead the Friars gaue into the Turkes hands the bodies of the two Flemmings and Master Verseline who had little store of crownes which belonged to the great Turke as heire to all strangers and the Turkes permitted them to be buried vpon Mount Syon without the wals in the Church yard proper to the Christians of Europe But Master Bacon ouerliuing the rest and now seeing his life to depend vpon the Friars care of him shewed a Nouice Friar long bracelets of peeces of gold twined about his arme and promising to giue them all to him and greater rewards if he would goe with him into England so as he would take care of him in his sickenesse he had perswaded the young Friar to goe with him into England and to promise him faithfull seruice there yet when this Nouice at his confession made this knowne and after verified as much to the Guardian and chiefe Friars I know not whether the hope of this booty made him die sooner but I am sure he liued very few daies after And giue me leaue to tell the truth these Friars either to gaine his money which was due to the Great Turke or for feare that inquisition should be made by the Turkes after the cause of his death appearing by manifest signes vpon his body as others suspected and reported I say these Friers buried this Gentleman in a yard of their Monastery secretly which if the Great Turke or any of his Magistrates had knowne no doubt they would gladly haue taken this occasion to extort much money from the Frires since by the like forged accusations they vse sometimes to oppresse them the very Turkes hauing at other times themselues buried dead bodies within the circuit of the Monastery and after caused them to be digged vp as if they had beene casually found and then crying that their Ottoman was deceiued put the Friars to pay large ransomes for redeeming of their liues And let no man wonder that these hungry Gouernours of Cities and Prouinces in Turkey should vse like frauds to intrap Christians as they doe very frequently since they buy their Offices and many times are recalled before they be warme in their seats if any man at Constantinople offer larger summes for their imployment So as this one Prouince of Palestine and one City of Ierusalem though hauing small or no trafficke hath had in one yeeres space foure Zaniacci the old being recalled to Constantinople assoone as his successour had outbribed him there And this is one of the greatest mischiefes in this Empire since starueling flies sucke much more then those that are fully gorged The foresaid Zaniacco is chiefe Gouernour for military and ciuill affaires of all Pallestine and lies at Ierusalem in the house of Pontius Pilate His Substitute or Liefetenant is called Catake who cast one of our consorts for a time into prison because he complained of the Turkish exactions and his owne pouerty The third Magistrate is called Cady who gouernes Ecclesiastiall matters and dwelt in Salomons house as they call it at Ierusalem neere the yard of the old Temple of the Iewes in which now a Turkish Mosche was built and of this man we had our leaue to enter the City and to see the sepulcher and being called before him we were commanded to put off our shooes he sitting crosse leg'd like a Tailor on the ground vpon a Turkey Carpet The fourth Magistrate was called Agha who kept the Castle of Ierusalem and when we walked one euening on that part of the roofe of our Monastery whence we had the fairest prospect into the City he sent a messenger to command vs to retire from beholding the Castle or otherwise he would discharge a peece of Ordinance at vs. CHAP. III. Of our iourney from Ierusalem by land to Haleppo by Sea to Tripoli in Syria by land to Haleppo and Scanderona and of our passage by Sea to the Iland Candia VPon Friday the fourteenth of Iune in the yeere 1596 we went out of Ierusalem and by the same way and in the same manner as wee came rode backe to Ramma deliuering to our guide as many zechines as before to pay for the Turkish exactions and to our Muccari for their Asses which we had hired Neither did any memorable thing happen to vs by the way saue that when we came neere to Ramma and by chance rode ouer the place of buriall for the Turks where some women were then mourning for their dead friends they thinking it a reproch that we should ride ouer their graues did with inraged countenances fling stones at vs till wee appeased them by dismounting from our Asses The fifteenth of Iune we came backe to Ioppa where our guide gaue three meidines to a Ianizare that hee would beate with a cudgell certaine Arabians who had offered vs wrong by the way which hee did readily and roundly Then without delay we went aboard our little Greeke Barke which according to our bargaine at Cyprus staied here for our returne For the Master thereof was further tied to transport vs from hence to Tripoli in Syria neither had he yet receiued full paiment for transporting vs hither the money being left in Cyprus with an Italian Merchant who was to pay it him at his returne if hee brought a testimony vnder our hands that he had performed his bargaine to vs. This condition we made prouidently and by aduice of experienced men for otherwise the Master of our Barke vpon any profitable occasion would haue left this port before our returne from Ierusalem and wee should hardly haue found another Barke here in a place not much frequented with ships Besides that the restraint of the money not to be payed but vpon a testimony brought vnder our hands was a good caution that he should not vse vs ill nor any way betray vs. The sixteenth of Iune vpon
cast vp in the middest of the Sea with an eruption of flames and of Brimstone and that they are not inhabited but are commonly called the Diuels Ilands because many ships casting anchor there and fastning their Cables vpon land haue had their Cables loosed by spirits in the night and so suffered shipwrack or hardly escaped the same The night following we sailed in the middest of many Ilands which made that Channell very dangerous and for my part I was more affraid of the danger because our Candian Merchant growing acquainted with an harlot in the ship was not ashamed to haue the vse of her body in the sight of the Marriners that watched and much blamed him for the same Vpon Wednesday the two and twentie of December we sailed by the Iland Paros celebrated by Poets for the fine Marble growing there and so we came to the Iland Naxos two hundred miles distant from Candia Naxos and the adiacent Ilands had their owne Duke of old but now are subiect to the Turke as the other Ilands bee for the most part And our Marriners dwelling in this Iland and landing to see their wiues we also landed with them where I did see vpon a Hill like a Peninsul neere this chiefe Village two Marble images erected to Thesius and Ariadne Here I obserued that when any stranger or Inhabitant lands the beggers flock to the dores of the houses or Innes where they eate and hauing formerly obserued in the Greeke Church at Venice that when they gaue their Almes to beggers they not onely suffered them to touch their garments with their lousie rags but also tooke them familiarly by the hands I knew not whether I should attribute this fashion to their charitable affection in time of their bondage or to their seldom feasting and the multitude of beggars In the euening we loosed from Naxos and sailing ouer a channell no lesse dangerous then the former for the multitude of Ilands vpon the three and twentie of December we passed close by the shoare of the Iland Zio called Chios of old It is inhabited by Greekes as the other Ilands are and is famous for the pleasantnesse and fertiltie of the situation and soyle It yeeldeth great store of Mastick and the country people keepe flocks of raine Partridges as of Hens other where They brag that Homer lyes buried vpon the Mountaine Helias and this Iland hath Saint George for their protecting Saint and beares his Crosse in their Flags as England doth Here we might distinctly see the shoare of Asia in that part where of old the seuen Churches stood not farre distant to which Saint Iohn writes his Reuelation And the Iland Pathmos is not farre distant where Saint Iohn liued in exile Towards the euening we cast anchor neere the Iland Metelene which is seated as Zio in the Egean Sea and is no lesse pleasant and fertile Of old it was called Lesbos then Issa and after Pelasgia and therein were borne Pythagoras the Poet Alceus Antimenides Theophrastus Phanius Arion and Tersandrus and the famous woman Poet Sapho Zio is distant one hundred and forty miles from Naxos and Meteline ninety miles from Zio The foure and twenty of December being Christmas euen after the old stile vsed among the Greekes and in all Turkey early in the morning we weighed anchor and with a faire but gentle wind sayled close by the shoare where the City of Troy stood of old seated in a plaine and vpon pleasant hils neere the Sea and at this day the ruines of Illium the Castle of Priamus are seene vpon a hill and the ruines of the wals in the plaine yet shew the circuit of the City The Poets said truly Hic seges est vbi Troia fuit Corne growes now where Troy once stood Yet the plowed fields haue very many ruines of buildings On the North side of these Troian ruines a necke of Land lies towards the Sea where they say the Greekes encamped and left their fatall Troian Horse Right ouer against this Land lies the Iland Tenedos scarce ten miles distant in the Hauen whereof we cast anchor for an hower vnder a little Castle and this Tenedos is sixty miles distant from Metelene From hence sailing some eighteene miles we passed by two necks of Land one of Greece on the West-side the other of Asia the lesse now called Natolia on the East-side and after twelue miles saile we entered the streight of Hellespont now called the two Castles the description whereof I will defer till my returne this way The Greek Marriners haue a custome here to demand a gift of all Merchants passengers in their ship for ioy of their happy voyage and they say which I beleeue not that if any refuse they tie a rope to his feete and draw him vp to the top of the maste till he yeeld to this custome but howsoeuer we all obeyed this ridiculous custome not to offend them who had vsed vs well This channell running from the blacke sea called Euxinus into Propontis and so by Constantinople to these said two Castles and from hence into the AEgean sea from the North towards the South is alwaies contrary to those that sayle from the mediteranian sea to Constantinople especially after they enter this streight of the two Castles and neere Constantinople it runnes with such force towards the South as they that saile to the City whereof we had experience with the best winds yet sayle very slowly This violence of the Channell is attributed to great Riuers violently falling into the blacke Sea The foresaid Christmas euen we landed at Gallipolis a Greeke City seated in Thrace hauing the name as it seemes from the French and eight and twenty miles distant from the two Castles On Saturday the fiue and twenty of December being Christmas day after the old stile we set saile but the winds droue vs backe to the Hauen of Gallipolis where being detained some few daies though I staied in the ship for feare of some fraud from the Turkes yet once I went on Land with our Marriners The City lieth in length vpon the shoare of Propontis from the South to the North and it hath without the wals towards the West great number of Wind-mils the buildings are of slint or little vnpolished stones one or two stories high and the roofe is low and tiled not plaine and plastered to walke vpon as they be in Syrea and Cyprus and this roofe is so low as it hath no windowes so as the buildings of these parts are very like those of Italy The Hauen is on the East side and vpon the opposite shoare of Asia towards the East are the ruines not farre distant of Nice a City of Bithinia famous for the holy Councell held there of old Vpon Saterday the first of Ianuary we sailed sixty miles in this straight of Propontis to the Iland Marmora not without feare of Turkish Pirats the Hauen of
then the foundation of the third the fields on that side being plaine yet in like sort rising higher and higher as they be neerer to the wals of the City saue that neere the foresaid Pallace of Constantine some hils lie without the wals This City as Rome is said to containe seuen Hils or mounts within the wals wherof some to me seemed imaginary but I will reckon them as they doe and first beginne with the hill vpon which stand the ruines of Constantines Pallace The second hath the stately Mosche or Turkish Church built vpon the Pallace which of old belonged to the Graecian Patriarke Vpon the third stands the stately Mosche and most richly built Sepulcher of Mahomet the second with an Hospitall built by the same Emperour where all Turkish Pilgrimes haue their lodging and diet freely for three daies and it hath one hundred and fifty chambers built for the poore of the City and the yeerely rents thereof are valued at two hundred thousand zechines yea the Court or Seraglio of the Great Turke paies each day an hundred Aspers to this Hospitall The Sepulcher of Selimus takes vp the fourth hill and the sepulcher of Baiazet the fifth hill Betweene the fifth and the sixth hill is the old Pallace of the Great Turke which the Italiatis call Seraglio vecehio where the Concubines of the deceased Emperour and the present Emperours sisters and a great number of his concubinet for the fairest and dearest to him are taken to liue in his Court are kept by Ennuches within this old Seraglio which is of great circuit containing many houses and gardens compassed within one wall Vpon the sixth hill stands the foresaid wonderfull Mosche and Sepulcher of Solyman noted with the letter R Lastly the seuenth hill containes the chiefe Pallace of the Great Turke and the Church Saint Sophia now made a Mosche noted with the Letters O. Q. The tops of the Sepulchers and Mosches being of a round forme and couered with brasse and the spacious gardens of Cypresse and Firre trees make shew of more beauty and magnificence to the beholder from any high place or without the wals then in deed the City hath The Sepulchers are no doubt very stately built hauing vpon the top one two or more round globes couered with leade or brasse On the inside they seeme like lightsome Chappels with many windowes and they being built in a round forme the dead Emperour is laied in the middest or center of the Sepulcher in a chest or coffin raised some three foot from the ground hauing the Tulbent which hee wore vpon his head in his life time laied vpon his Tombe being see forth with the Iewels he most esteemed which Tulbent is made of some twenty or more yards of pure and fine white linnen foulded in many foulds in the forme of a halfe globe Next the Emperour lies the Sultana or Empresse in her Coffin so they call his Concubine Mother of his Heire and Successour prouided alwaies that shee haue had a letter of dowry by which shee is made his wife for otherwise shee is not buried with him And round about the Emperour and Empresse in Coffins lower then theirs lie the bodies of his male children which according to their manner are strangled by his Successour assoone as he was dead and vpon their Coffins likewise their Tulbents are laied seuerally These children are laied in little Coffins of Cypresle and this middle part wherein the dead bodies lie is compassed with a grace so as betweene the bodies and the windowes there is a gallery round about which is spred with Turkey carpets and vpon them the Priests that keepe the Sepulcher doe lie by night and sit crosse legged by day neither is the roome at any time without some of these Keepers so as the Emperours are attended euen after death The buildings of the City haue no magnificence being partly of a matter like bricke but white and as it seemes vnhardned by fire partly of timber and clay excepting some few pallaces which are of free stone but nothing so stately built as might be expected from the pride and riches of the great Turkes chiefe seruants And these houses as those of the adiacent territories of Europe are built only 2 stories high with a low roofe without any windowes after the manner of Italy whereas the houses of Asia haue a plaine and plaistered roofe to walke vpon especially in Asia the greater The streetes of this Citie ar narrow and shadowed with pentises of wood and vpon both sides the way is raised some foot high but of little breadth and paued for men and women to passe the middest of the street being left low and vnpaued and no broader then for the passage of Asses or beasts loaded In many places of the streetes lye carcases yea sometimes the bodies of dead men euen till they be putrified and I thinke this vncleanlinesse of the Turks who otherwise place Religion in washing their bodies and keeping their apparrell especially their Tulbent pure and cleane is the chiefe cause that this Citie though most pleasantly seated yet aboue all the Cities of the world is continually more or lesse infected with the plague They say that Iob famous for his pietie and patience is buried in this Citie but I did not see his monument and thinke it probable that the same and all like Christian monuments were defaced by the Turkes when they tooke the Citie The worthie English Ambassadour Master Edward Barton most curteously entertained me with lodging and dyet so long as I staied in this Citie so as for them I spent not one Asper but I passe ouer the due praises which I owe to the memory of this worthy Gentleman being hereafter to speake more of him I will onely adde that I attended him once to the great Turkes Court and when I had nothing satisfied my curiositie in viewing the Citie by occasions casually happening that hee commaunded a Ianizare to guide mee round about the same till I had taken full view thereof And with this guide the first day I viewed the foresaid monuments within the walles and the second day compassed the Citie without the walles beginning at the passage ouer the water called Tapano and noted with the letter K and so passing by water in a boat vulgarly called Pyrame and hired for fortie aspers to the Castle of the seuen Towers noted with the letter T then passing by land to the Pallace of Constantine noted with the letter V. And by the way as we passed by land an old woman meeting vs and taking me for a Captine to be sold demaunded my price of the Ianizare who for mirth entertained her offer to buy me and another Gentleman seruant to the Ambassadour whom hee had sent to beare me company but because I was very slender and leane after my long sicknes he could not induce her to giue more then one hundred aspers for me though she offered foure hundred aspers for the other Gentleman in
Desmonds warre which possessed their Ancestors lands also the incouragement they receiued by the good successe of the Rebels and no lesse the hope of pardon vpon the worst euent And to speake truth Munster vndertakers aboue mentioned were in great part cause of this defection and of their owne fatall miseries For whereas they should haue built Castles and brought ouer Colonies of English and haue admitted no Irish Tenant but onely English these and like couenants were in no part performed by them Of whom the men of best qualitie neuer came ouer but made profit of the land others brought no more English then their owne Families and all entertained Irish seruants and tenants which were now the first to betray them If the couenants had been kept by them they of themselues might haue made two thousand able men whereas the Lord President could not find aboue two hundred of English birth among them when the Rebels first entred the Prouince Neither did these gentle Vndertakers make any resistance to the Rebels but left their dwellings and fled to walled Townes yea when there was such danger in flight as greater could not haue been in defending their owne whereof many of them had wofull experience being surprised with their wiues and children in flight Among the Mounster Rebels were the Vicount Mountgarret the Earle of Ormonds neere Kinsman and the Baron of Cahir a Butler and of the Earles Kindred Both these pretended their discontent and malice against the said Earle for cause of their reuolt But more dangerous causes were suspected and excepta Royall Force were quickly opposed to the Rebels bold attempts a generall reuolt was feared May you hold laughter or will you thinke that Carthage euer bred such a dissembling faedifragous wretch as Tyrone when you shall reade that euen in the middest of all these garboyles and whilest in his letters to the King of Spaine he magnified his victories beseeching him not to beleeue that he would seeke or take any conditions of Peace and vowing constantly to keepe his faith plighted to that King yet most impudently he ceased not to entertaine the Lord Lieutenant by letters and messages with offers of submission This hee did but not so submissiuely as before for now the Gentleman was growne higher in the instep as appeared by the insolent conditions he required Ireland being in this turbulent State many thought it could not bee restored but by the powerfull hand of Robert Earle of Essex This noble Lord had from his youth put himselfe into military actions of greatest moment so farre as the place he held in Court would permit and had of late yeeres wonne much honour in some seruices by Sea and Land so as he had full possession of a superintendencie ouer all martiall affaires and for his noble worth was generally loued and followed by the Nobility and Gentrie In which respects the Queene knew him fit for this seruice Hee had long been a deare fauourite to the Queene but had of late lien so open to his enemies as he had giuen them power to make his imbracing of militarie courses and his popular estimation so much suspected of his Soueraigne as his greatnesse was now indged to depend as much on her Maiesties feare of him as her loue to him And in this respect he might seeme to the Queene most vnfit for this seruice But surely the Earle was perswaded that his Houour could not stand without imbracing this Action and since he affected it no man durst be his riuall Besides that his enemies gladly put for ward this his designe that they might haue him at more aduantage by his absence from Court. Finally the vulgat gaue ominous acclamations to his enterprise but the wiser sort rather wished then hoped happy effects either to his priuate or the publike good in regard of the powerfull enemies hee left in Court whence all seconds were to come to him and of his owne distracted ends though enclined to the publike good yet perhaps in aiming at the speedy end of this warre and some other particulars not fully concurring with the same The Earle of Essex when he first purposed to intertaine the managing of the Irish warres aduised and obtained that two Regiments of old souldiers should be transported out of the Low-Countries into that Kingdome namely The first Regiment Sir Charles Pearcy Colonell 200 1050 Foote Captaine Richard Moryson Lieutenant Colonell 150 Sir Oliuer Lambart 150 Captaine Henrie Masterson 150 Captaine Randal Bret 150 Captaine William Turret 150 Captaine Turner 100 The second Regiment Sir Henry Dockwra Colonel and Conductor of all 200 950 Foote Captaine Iohn Chamberlin Lieutenant Colonel 150 Captaine Edmond Morgan 150 Captaine Edward Michelburne 150 Captaine Walter Floyd 150 Captaine Garret Haruy 150 These Regiments landed in Ireland before the Earles comming ouer and were then dispersed by the Earle into diuers Regiments of new men to season them and to replenish them with sufficient Officers The Earles Patent was granted with title of Lord Lieutenant and with more ample authoritie then many other Lord Deputies had formerly granted them for whereas others had power to pardon all Treasons Felonies and all offences except such treasons as touched her Maiesties person her heires c and the counterfeiting of money This exception was by the Earles importunitie left out which hee extorted with wise prouidence since the Lawyers held all Treasons to touch the Princes person And whereas other Lord Deputies had power to bestow all Offices excepting the chiefe reserued to the Queenes gift his Lordship had power to bestow some of the chiefest and to remoue all Officers not holding by Patent and to suspend such as held by Patent Besides his Lordship had power in many things which neuer had been formerly giuen to any as to make Martiall Lawes he being Lord Martiall of England and to punish the transgressors And to let the lands of Tyrone and other Rebels named to any persons whatsoeuer and to their heires Males reseruing due rents to her Maiestie To command the Ships already sent and to be sent into Ireland except the Lord Admirall were sent forth to Sea and commandement were giuen of ioyning the said ships to his Fleete And lastly to issue the Treasure according to the two establishments with liberty to alter that which was signed by the Lords in England with the aduise and consent of the Counsell of Ireland so as he exceeded not the summe of the Establishments He had an Army assigned him as great as himselfe required and such for number and strength as Ireland had neuer yet seene The establishment was signed by the Queene the foure and twenty of March being the last day after the English account of the yeere 1598. It contained first the pay of the chiefe Officers in the Army the Lord Lieutenant Generall ten pound a day The Lieutenant of the Army three pound a day The Generall of the Horse fortie shillings a day the Marshall of the Campe
house of Fernes held by the Queenes Wardes and sixe Castles belonging to the Earle of Ormond held for the Queene but the Cauanaghs and Keytons were in Rebellion In the County of Wexford being wasted all the Castles held for the Queene and Sir Thomas Calclough Sir Richard Masterson and Sir Dudly Loftus the onely English there inhabiting held for the Queene But Donnel Spaniagh alias Cauanagh with all that Sept the Omorroghs Macony More all the Kinsellaghes Dermot Mac Morice and diuers others with their followers were all in rebellion and in those two Counties the Rebels were in number seuen hundred and fiftie Foote and fiftie Horse In the County of Leax called the Queenes Countie lately all English now vsurped by the Rebels Owny Mac Rowry Omore and all the Sept of O Mores and the chiefe of the Galloglasses in that County of the Sept of Mac Donnel the Sept of O Dempsies except Sir Terence O Dempsey the Sept of O doynes except Teig Oge O Doyne were al in rebellion and the base son of the Earle of Kildare a Geraldine lately came in vpon protection The Rebels were in number fiue hundred seuentie Foote and thirty Horse Master Hartpol Master Bowen and Master Pygot were the onely English Inhabitants by whom and some others certaine Castles were kept for the Queene besides the Fort of Mariaborough kept by the Qeenes Garrison In the Countie of Ophalye called of Phillip King of England the Kings County lately English the Fort of Phillipstowne was kept by an English Garrison Sir George Colley Sir Henrie Warren Mast. Iohn Moore and Mast. Phillips held their Castles for the Queene the rest of the Castles were kept by the sept of the Oconners then rebels and al the land was wasted the Sept of the Omollyes and Odonners were likewise in rebellion and they were all in number foure hundred sixtie and eight Foot and twelue Horse In the County of Kilkenny the Vicount of Mountgaret a Butler of the Earle of Ormonds Family and sonne in Law to Tyrone was in rebellion with his brethren and with some of his sonnes and with his followers being in number one hundred and thirty Foote and twentie Horse and held the Castles of Balliragge and Colekil the rest of the Castles and the whole County were held by the Earle of Ormond for the Queene In the County of Meath the sonne and heire of Sir William Nugent was in rebellion and the Countie lying in the heart of the Pale was greatly wasted by the Vlster Rebels and many Castles lay waste without inhabitants but no Rebels possed either Towne or Castle therein In the County of Westmeath lying for the most part waste the Omollaughlines and the Magoghegines many of the Nugents and the Geraldines were in rebellion being in number 140 Foot and twentie Horse besides Captaine Tyrel a Rebel of English race who had of Vlster men and other strangers two hundred Foote In the County of Lowthe Sir Edward Moore and Sir Francis Stafford were the only English house-keepers al the lands were wasted by the Vlster rebels but the Lord of Lowthe an English-Irish Barron and all the Townes and Castles stood firme for the Queene In the County of Lonford all the Ofarrols were in rebellion except two chiefe men of that Family and the Castle of Longford was held by an English Warde and the Rebels were in number one hundred and twenty Foot The whole number of the Rebels in this Prouince of Lemster was three thousand fortie and eight Foote and one hundred eighty two Horse Secondly for the Prouince of Vlster consisting all of Irish Septs except the Scots possessing the Rowt and Glinnes those of Lecale and the little Ardes held for the Queene but ouerawed by Tyrone were forced to giue way to him to tirannize in their Countries Dundalke the frontier Towne betweene the Pale and Vlster vnd Knockfergus or Carickfergus a frontier Towne towards Scotland were kept by English Garrisons as likewise the Newry Carlingford Greene Castle and Narrow water all neare Dundalke and the Castle of Ballinecargie in the Brenny the rest were all in Rebellion Neale Brian Fertough in the vpper Clandeboyes had in number eighty Foote and thirtie Horse Shane Mac Brian in the lower Clandeboyes had eighty foote and fiftie Horse The Whites Countrie or the Duffery had twentie Foote Mac Arten and Sleaght Mac Oneale had one hundred foote and twentie horse Mac Rorye Captaine of Kilwarlin had sixtie foote and ten horse Cormack Mac Oneale Captaine of Kilultogh had sixtie foote and ten horse Hugh Mac Murtagh bevond the Min water had fortie foote Shane Mac Brian Carogh vpon the Ban side had fiftie foote ten horse Sir Iames Mac Surleyboy and his Scots possessing the Rowt and the seuen Glynnes had foure-hundred foote and one hundred horse The Iland of Magee belonging to the Earle of Essex was altogether waste Mac Guire in Fermannagh had sixe hundred foot one hundred horse Mac Mahowne in Monaghan and Euer Mac Coolye in the Ferney and others of that name in Clankaruil had fiue hundred foote one hundred and sixtie horse The Oreylyes in the Brenny or the County of Cauan had eight hundred foot hundred horse Ocane in his Countrie had fiue hundred foote two hundred horse two Sir Art Oneale in Sleught Art had three hundred foot sixtie horse Henry Oge in his Countrie had two hundred foot and fortie horse Turlough Mac Henrie Oneale in the Fues had three hundred foote sixty horse Ohagan in his Countrie had one hundred foote thirtie horse Oquin in his Countrie eightie foote twentie horse The Donelaghes in their Countrie one hundred foote sixtie horse Mac Can in Clancan one hundred foote twelue horse Tyrone the Arch-traytor in Tyrone seuen hundred foot 200 horse Carmack Mac Baron his brother in his Countrie had three hundred foot and sixtie horse Mac Gennis in Yuogh or Mac Gennis Countrie had two hundred foot fortie horse In Tyrconnel O donnels Country Sir Iohn O dogherty for his Countrie had three hundred foot and fortie horse O donnels sonne in the Conologhs Countrie one hundred and fiftie foote and fiftie horse Mac Swine for his Countrie fiue hundred foote and thirtie horse Oboyle for his Countrie one hundred foot and twenty horse O Donnel himselfe in the County of Donnegal two hundred foote sixtie horse O Gallohore for his Countrie in which his chiefe house is Ballashannon had two hundred foote fortie horse Sleught Rorie for his Countrie one hundred foote and fiftie horse The forces of the Rebels in Vlster are in all one thousand seuen hundred and two horse and seuen thousand two hundred and twentie foote Thirdly for the Prouince of Mounster In the County of Tipperary The Lord Baron of Cahir a Butler with his brother and followers had three hundred foote twelue horse Edmond Fitzgibbon called the White Knight this nick name giuen to one for his gray heares comming as hereditarie to his posteritie in his Country foure hundred foote thirtie horse Richard
the dangers and disaduantages which your seruants and Ministers here shall and doe meete withall in this great worke of reducing this Kingdome So I will now as well as I can represent to your Maiestie your strengths and aduantages First these Rebels are neither able to force any walled Towne Castle or House of strength nor to keepe any that they get so that while your Maiesty keeps your Army in strength and vigor you are vndoubtedly Mistresse of all townes and holds whatsoeuer By which meanes if your Maiesty haue good Ministers all the wealth of the Land shall be drawne into the hands of your subiects your soldiers in the winter shall be casefully lodged readily supplied of any wants and we that command your Maiesties forces may make the warre offen siue and defensiue may fight and be in safety as occasion is offered Secondly your Maiesties Horsemen are so incomparably better then the rebels and their foot are so vnwilling to fight in battell or grosse howsoeuer they be desirous to skirmish and fight loose that your Maiesty may be alwaies Mistresse of the champion Countries which are the best parts of this Kingdome Thirdly your Maiesty victualling your Army out of England and with your Garrisons burning and spoyling the Countrey in all places shall starue the Rebell in one yeere because no place els can supply them Fourthly since no warre can be made without Munition and munition this Rebell cannot haue but from Spayne Scotland or your owne Townes here if your Maiesty will still continue your Ships and Pinaces vpon the Coast and be pleased to send a Printed Proclamation that vpon paine of death no Merchant Townes-man or other Subiect doe trafficke with the Rebell or buy or sell in any sort any kinde of Munition or Armes I doubt not but in short time I shall make them bankerout of their old store and I hope our Seamen will keepe them from receiuing any new Fifthly your Maiesty hath a rich store of gallant Colonels Captaines and Gentlemen of quality whose example and execution is of more vse then all the rest of your troopes whereas the men of best qualitie among the rebels which are their Leaders and their horsemen dare neuer put themselues to any hazard but send their Kerne and their hirelings to fight with your Maiesties Troopes so that although their common souldiers are too hard for our new men yet are they not able to stand before such gallant men as will charge them Sixthly your Maiesties Commanders being aduiled and exercised know al aduantages and by the strength of their order will in all great fights beate the rebels For they neither march nor lodge nor fight in order but only by the benefit of their footmanship can come on and goe off at their pleasure which makes them attend a whole day still skirmishing and neuer ingaging themselues So that it hath been euer the fault and weakenesse of your Maiestis Leaders whensoeuer you haue receiued any blow For the rebels doe but watch and attend vpon all grosle ouersights Now if it please your Maiestie to compare your aduantages and disaduantages together you shall finde that though these Rebels are more in number then your Maiesties Army and haue though I doe vnwillingly confesse it better bodies and perfecter vse of their Armes then those men which your Maiestie sends ouer yet your Maiestie commanding the walled Townes Holdes and Champion Countries and hauing a braue Nobilitie and Gentry a better Discipline and stronger order then they and such means to keep from them the maintenance of their life and to waste the Countrie which should nourish them your Maiestie may promise your selfe that this action will in the end be successefull though costly and that your Victorie will be certaine though many of vs your honest seruants must sacrifice our selues in the quarrell and that this Kingdome will be reduced though it will aske besides cost a great deale of care industry and time But why doe I talke of victorie or of successe is it not knowne that from England I receiue nothing but discomforts and soules wounds Is it not spoken in the Army that your Maiesties fauor is diuerted from me and that alreadie you do boadil both to me and it Is it not beleeued by the Rebels that those whom you fauour most doe more hate me out of faction then them out of dutie or conscience Is it not lamented of your Maiesties faithfullest subiects both there and here that a Cobham or a Kaleigh I will forbeare others for their places sake should haue such credit and fauour with your Maiestie when they wish the ill successe of your Maiesties most important action the decay of your greatest strength and the destruction of your faithfullest seruants Yes yes I see both my owne destiny and your Maiesties decree and doe willingly imbrace the one and obey the other Let me honestly and zealously end a wearisome life let others liue in deceitfull and vnconstant pleasure let me beare the brunt and die meritoriously let others achiue and finish the worke and liue to erect Trophies But my prayer shall be that when my Soneraigne looseth mee her Army may not loose courage or this Kingdome want phisicke or her dearest Selfe misse Essex and then I can neuer goe in a better time nor in a fairer way Till then I protest before God and his Angels that I am a true Votarie that is sequestred from all things but my duty and my charge I performe the vttermost of my bodies mindes and fortunes abilitte and more should but that a constant care and labor agrees not with an inconstant health in an vnwholsome and vncertaine clymate This is the hand of him that did liue your dearest and will die Your Maiesties faithfullest seruant Essex Towards the end of Iuly his Lordp brought back his forces into Lemster the souldiers being wearie sicke and vncredibly diminished in number and himselfe returned to Dublin All that his Lordp had done in this iourney besides the scattering of the Rebels weake troopes was the taking of Cahir Castle and receiuing the L. of Cahir the L. Roche and some others into her Maiesties Protection who after his departure did either openly fall againe to the rebels party or secretly combine with them While his Lordp was in this iourny some 600 men left in the Glinnes by the vnskilfulnesse of some young Captaines and souldiers and the ill affection of some Irish Officers receiued a disgracefull blow from the Obirns whereupon his Lordp now seuerely punished their fault disarming the souldiers and executing the tenth man calling the Captaines to a Martiall Court and discharging them and condemning to bee shot to death an Irish Lieutenant who had parlied with the Rebels and was thought to haue animated them Then his Lordp vnderstanding that the Queene was much offended with this Mounster iourny he cast in his letters the fault on the Counsell of Ireland whose aduise by reason of their long experience in
vpward the onely meanes by which they were to liue and to keepe their Bonaghts or hired souldiers It seemed incredible that by so barbarous inhabitants the ground should be so manured the fields so orderly fenced the Townes so frequently inhabited and the high waies and paths so well beaten as the Lord Deputy here found them The reason whereof was that the Queenes forces during these warres neuer till then came among them The Lord Deputy in his returne the first day passed into another part of the Country with the foot alone for the horse not able to passe were sent about so as the rebels had the aduantage they most desire to fight with our foot without assistance of horse yet all the rebels of Lemster here gathered together and fighting vpon their naturall ground had beene so beaten as that they suffred our men to passe without a blow That night eight heads were brought to the Lord Deputy and with them one Lenagh a famous rebell taken aliue who was presently hanged on the same tree where he plotted all his villanies Sir Oliuer Lambert with some troopes marched into Donnell Spagniahs Countrey where he tooke 1000. Cowes 500. Garons great store of sheepe and killed twenty rebels at the first entry besides many killed in a fight which the rebels after maintained all the day and part of the night Sir Arthur Sauage comming out of Connaght to meet the Lord Deputy fought long with the Rebels spoiled the Countrey and tooke a great prey but could not passe to his Lordship In the Lord Deputies returne out of Leax Redmond Keating and the chiefe of the Septs of the Kellies and Lalors were receiued into her Maiesties protection vpon condition to set at liberty the Earle of Ormonds pledges in their hands By this time his Lordship had receiued out of England gracious allowance of his former Northerne iourney with her Maiesties promise to reinforce the Army with two thousand foote and two hundred horse against the next iourney into those parts requiring him not to giue any one man the commaund of both horse and foote and whereas all Companies were of two hundred or one hundred fiftie aduising to distribute some part into lesse numbers that more Gentlemen might be satisfied with commaunds with the onely increase of some chiefe officers pay and that his Lordship would be sparing to giue pasports for any to come into England to trouble her Maiestie with sutes and most of all not to suffer able men to returne out of Ireland as they daily did with their Captaines pasportes And to the end the Commaunders might not be idle her Maiestie required that all seruices done by them might be certified monethly into England About this time the Earle of Southampton leauing the warres of Ireland sayled into England This Summers seruice made it appeare that iourneys with a great Army did not so much good as Garrisons lying vpon the Rebels which vpon any sudden seruice might easily bee drawne together in competent numbers and in the meane time kept the Rebels at home from seconding one another The Lord Deputy by his letters during the foresaid iourny explained to the Lords in England that he had been most carefull not to increase her Maiesties charge in any thing the want whereof would not haue made the rest of her great expence to be vnprofitable and to the end the Commaunders might not be thought to lye idle besides the good fortune that none of them had receiued any blow hee particularly remembred many preyes taken and seruices done and for the chiefe Garrisons on the North borders aduertised that Sir Arthur Chichester had layde all the Countrie waste within twenty miles of Carickfergus that Sir Samuel Bagnol at the Newry had done the like that Sir Richard Moryson at Dundalke had banished Turlough Mac Henry out of the Fuze into Monaghan and yet the two last with most part of their Garisons had bin part of the Army in all former iournies The twentie sixe of August his Lordship returned from this iourney of Leax to Dublin and there receiued aduertisement that her Maiestie could not refuse to heare the complaints of the Pale by the Deputies formerly mentioned to bee sent ouer though she had sharpely rebuked them that they did not first complaine to the Lord Deputie which they excused by experience that like complaints in Ireland had euer been vaine The chiefe complaints were these that the forces that should lye vpon the borders neare the Rebels were lodged vpon them That the fetching of one barrell of powder was often made a sufficient reason to spoyle them by a company of horse and foote sent to conuoy it That the Clarkeship of the Counsell was sold and then executed by a Deputie who for euery small petition tooke great fees That the spirituall liuings were giuen to ignorant and idle persons being the chiefe cause of this rebellion scarce any Church standing for sixtie miles betweene Dublin and Athlone That they were spoyled as much by the Army as Rebels no souldier nor Captaine being punished nor any order giuen for remedie taking effect That priuate Captaines gaue pasportes to run awaies and her Maiestie was deceiued by false Musters so as the forces were weake to end the warre and they were spoyled as much as if the number were full requiring that some Gentlemen of the Pale might be ioyned with the Commissaries in taking the musters of adiacent Garrisons In the same letter her Maiestie commaunded the Lord Deputy to signifie to Sir Arthur O Neale that she purposed to create him Earle of Tyrone and giue him a portion of lands fit for an Earledome And for Tyrone that the Lord Deputy should proclaime him Traytor with promise of two thousand pound to any should bring him aliue and one thousand pound to him that should bring his head to any of hir Maiesties Fortes or Garrisons Lastly her Maiesty gaue letters of fauour to the Deputies of the Pale directed to the Lord Deputy to whom the complaints were wholly referred it being her Maiesties pleasure that only before him and by him they should be heard and redressed Yet because the Lord Deputie was many waies taxed in these complaints hee did expostulate in his next letters to Master Secretarie that hee should be taxed for those things for which he expected approbation and thankes The wisest Counsels said he are vncertaine and the wisest men vnperfect and what shall I looke for when out of my weakenesse though free from wilfulnesse I shall happen to commit any errour of consequence seeing I am now charged with so many matters and those nothing belonging to me His Lordship added that in his opinion nothing had made the affaires of Ireland more vnprosperous then that the State vsed to heare euery man against and before the chiefe Gouernour so as hee was driuen to let matters goe as they would so as hee might saue himselfe Another discontented letter be wrote to the same effect and to the same
there to serue the King of Spaine in a flye boat of two hundred tun carrying bread to Lisbone where there was an army of three thousand men to be shipped with victuals and munition for Ireland and there heard that Tyrones Agent lay at Court importuning aid to be sent him presently being not able to subsist any longer without speedy aid And that the examinates demanded if they were Pylots for the Irish Coast and finding they should be imploied that way had secretly got shipping to transport themselues into France and so returned home The thirtieth day Arthur Mac Gennis chiefe of the name terrified by the plantation of the garrison in Lecaile made humble sute for mercy and obtained her Maiesties protection for nine daies conditionally that he should come the Satturday following to submit himselfe in person to her Maiesties mercy and craue her gracious pardon at Dundalk where his Lordship then purposed to be And Rory Oge Mac Gennis obtained the like protection for one moneth The same day his Lordship vpon the Lord President of Mounster his intercessory letters granted warrant for her Maiesties pardon to be passed for two hundred seuenty Artificers and Husbandmen of the County of Kerry The first of Iuly his Lordship had purposed to rise from Dunanurey and to returne himselfe to Dundakle but he staied that day in respect the weather was very foule and the rather to countenance the Conuoy going with bisket vp to Mouut Norreis and Armagh Hitherto his Lordship had kept the field rather to make Tyrone keepe his forces together and so to weaken him then for purpose of any other feruice of moment but now hearing from Dublin that the rising out for the generall hoasting came slowly and not onely victuals were not yet arriued there but euen the carriages and beeues for the Army were like in great part to faile the second day of Iuly his Lordship dispersed his forces into the said garrisons fronting neerest vpon the rebels and so with his followers and seruants rode to Dundalke leading with him of his army onely three Companies of foot and one troope of horse The third day Sir Francis Stafford Gouernour of the Newry brought Arthur Mac Gennis to Dundalke who made his submission to her Maiesty kneeling before the Lord Deputy Counsell Then he made certaine humble requests First for his pardon which was granted Secondly for lands granted to his father by letters Pattents which his Lordship promised to confirme excepting only the Lands of Glasny Mac Gennis on whom he should make no imposition That he might take in such tenants as would come from the Rebels acquainting the Gouernour of the Newry therewith before he receiued them which was granted Fourthly that he might retaine and absolutely command all his old tenants till Alhollandtide next which was granted excepting Glasny Mac Gennis Fiftly that he might enioy the Corne he had sowed in Lecaile which being sowed on other mens Lands could not be granted onely fauourable respect to him was promised Sixthly that his people might be freed from all actions of priuat wrongs in the warre which was granted vpon a fine of three hundred Cowes presently to be deliuered for the Army The same time Patricke mac Mahowne Nephew to the chiefe of that name was vpon like humble submission receiued to her Maiesties mercy with promise of his pardon The fifth day the Lord President and Counsell of Mounster by letters desired his Lordship to recall his warrant of marshall Law giuen to the Lord Bourke aswell because the Lords abused the same to draw followers to them and to reuenge their priuate quarrels as because the whole Prouince was peaceable and willing to be gouerned by iudiciall courses and this warrant his Lordship presently recalled This day Sir Oliuer S Iohns brought letters from the Lords in England whereby her Maiesty gaue direction that the Lord Deputy should publikely to all the Army and priuately to the chiefe Commanders giue thankes from her Maiesty to them for the zeale and duty they had shewed in her seruice and signifie her gracious acceptance of their endeauours The sixth day his Lordship staied at Dundalke to hasten the supplies of the generall hoasting which came in slowly and to order the Irish forces of the same fitly for defence of the Pale This day Captaine Thomas Roper with his company of foot according to his Lordships former directions came from Kells to serue in the army vnder his Lordship And while his Lordship lay here newes came from Armagh that Sir Henry Dauers had taken some chiefe horses from Tyrones campe and had entred Mac Carty his Country being one of the greatest fastnesses in Ireland and brought from thence a great prey His Lordship finding that the rising out of the generall hoasting would doe little good in the Army and they being willing to vndertake their owne defence which as their owne perill his Lordship thought hee might best commit to their trust The seuenth of Iuly his Lordship gaue order that the forces of the generall hoasting for the Counties of Dublyn and Lowth should lie at Lowth vnder the command of the Lord of Lowth and M r Garland of Killencoule That those of Meath should lie at Kels vnder the command of the Lord of Tremelstone and M r Dillon his Deputy That those of West-Meath should be commanded by the Lord of Deluin and any Deputy his Lordship should chuse so that his Lordship or his Deputy should alwaies in person be resident with them and keepe them together ready to answere any seruice vpon paine of a fine and imprisonment to such as should disobey That those of Kildare should vnder the Earle of Kildares command lie at Athy or else where at his Lordships discretion and that the Sheriffe of the shire command them vnder his Lordship The ninth day his Lordship marched from Dundalke towards the North and gathering the forces to him out of the adioining garrisons encamped at Latenbur beyond the Newry where he lay still the tenth day till the victuals was in readines to be carried to Armagh The eleuenth day his Lordship marched some foure miles to an hill little beyond Mount Norreis and that day his Lordship was aduertised that Sir Arthur Chichester had taken the sole Castle held in those parts of Knockfergus by Brian mac Art namely the Reagh and that Sir Richard Moryson in Lecale had taken in two Loughes or Ilands in Lakes being all the fastnesses or places of strength which the said Brian mac Art held there The twelfth day the Army marched early in the morning to Armagh and there resting some houres marched againe after dinner a mile and a halfe beyond Armagh and there vpon an hill encamped The thirteenth day of Iuly the Lord Deputy with the Army rose from the former Campe and marched one mile and a halfe to an hill on this side namely the South-side of Blackewater where he made a stand Tyrone and his horse and foot shewing themselues out of
That he inquired to Tyrone and Odonnel seeming to distaste their being so farre off and the way to them being dangerous and his owne want of horses and therefore prayed this Gentleman to certifie Tirrell and the Lord of Leytrim that hee expected Tyrone with horses and beeues which hee praied them to supply in the meane time both sending him notice before they came adding that himselfe had Bread Rice Pease and Wine for eighteene moneths and store of treasure And that he inquired much after the strength of Corke and the Queenes new Fort there Lastly he aduertised that the ships returned were foureteene of them six the Kings owne of one thousand run the least in which was the Admirall Generall Saint liage and the great Admirall of Castill Don Diego de Bruxero That the twelue remaining were smaller and embarged or arctied to serue the King whereof some were Irish. That the ships at Baltemore had 700 men That by his view there were 3000 in Kinsale royally prouided of all prouisions for war hauing many saddles for horses and that vpon Tyrones expected comming they intended to take the field The thirteenth it was resolued we should presently take the field though wee had not as yet any prouisions fit for that purpose but that day and the two dayes following we could not stirre from Corke by reason of extreame raine and foule weather Neither artillery munitiō nor victuals were yet come from Dublin yet it was thought fitter thus vnprouided to take the field then by discouery of our wants to giue the Irish opportunitie and courage to ioyne with the Spaniard CHAP. II. Of the besieging of the Spaniards at Kinsale with the deliuery of the Towne to the Lord Deputy and their returne into Spaine in the same yeere 1601. THe 16 day of October his Lordship with the Army rose from Corke and encamped fiue miles short of Kinsale at a place called Owny Buoy The 17 the army rose marching towards Kinsale encamped within half a mile of the towne vnder a hill called Knock Robin where some few shot of the Spaniards offered to disturbe our sitting downe but were soone beaten home Wee had at that time scarce so much Powder as would serue for a good dayes fight neither had wee any competent number of tooles so as wee could not intrench our selues for these prouisions were not yet come from Dublin That day Captain Morgan came out of England with one of the Queenes ships and our Master Gunner came from Waterford aduertising that some ships of prouisions sent from Dublin were come to that Port where they were enforced to stay by a contrary wind being Southerly The eighteenth the Army lay still and we viewed the fittest places to incampe neere the Towne but our Artillerie being not come we remoued not And that night the Spaniards made a salley much greater then the former to disturbe our Campe but our men soone repelled them without any losse to vs. The ninteenth wee lay still expecting prouisions and that day our men sent to view the ground had some slight skirmishes with the enemy and Deu Iean after professed that hee neuer saw any come more willingly to the sword then our men did That night Sir Iohn Barkeley was appointed to giue Alarum to the Towne who did beate the Spanish guardes set without the Towne into their trenches The next night after some sixteene hundred Spaniards came to the top of the hill vnder which wee lay either with purpose to cut off some of the scouts or to attempt some thing on the Campe But Sir Iohn Barkeley lying with a party of ours not exceeding three hundred discouered them and skirmishing with them killed some dead in the place tooke some Armes and other spoyle and hurt diuers and did beate them backe to the Towne without the losse of any one of our men and onely three hurt The one and twentieth Cormock Mac Dermot an Irish man chiefe of a Countrie called Ministerie came with the rising out or souldiers of his Countrie to shew them to the Lord Deputy who to the end the Spaniards might see the meere Irish serued on our side commanded them at their returne to passe by the Spanish trenches made without the Towne on the top of the hil but lodged strong parties out of the enemies fight to second them The Irish at first went on wel and did beat the Spanish guards from their ground but according to their custome suddenly fell off and so left one of the Lord Presidents horsemen ingaged who had charged two Spaniards but Sir William Godolphin commanding the Lord Deputies troope when he saw him in danger and vnhorsed did charge one way vpon their grosse and Captaine Henry Barkley Cornet of the same troope charged another way at the same instant and droue their shot into the trenches and so rescued the horseman with his horse comming off with one man hurt and onely one horse killed from the great numbers of Spanish shot whereof foure were left dead in the place diuers carried off dead into the Towne and many hurt The two and twentieth day Captaine Button arriued at Corke with the Queenes Pinnis called the Moone which wafted other ships bringing victuals and munition from Dublyn and the same day came to the Campe aduertising that the same shippes were come from Waterford towards Corke That night his Lordship sent him backe to bring his ship about to Kinsale Harbour and to take with him Captaine Wards shippe from Oyster Hauen where it lay to guard the victuall and munition we brought with vs. These two ships were commanded to annoy the Castle of Rincoran seated close vpon the harbour of Kinsale and possessed by the Spaniard but after they had spent many shot vpon the Castle without any great effect because their Ordinance was small they lay still to keepe the Harbour that neither the Castle nor the Towne might be releeued by water which was the chiefe end of their comming The three twentith the Dublyn shipping arriued at Corke were directed to come presently to Oyster Hauen where we might vnlade the Artillery which could not be brought by land and other prouisions for the present vse of the Army The foure and twenty day it was resolued we should rise and incampe close by the Towne but the shipping being not come about with the artillery and other necessaries that day was spent in dispatching for England And by night Captaine Blany and Captaine Flower were sent out to lie with fiue hundred foote to intertaine the Spaniards which were drawne out of the Towne but they came no further and so our men returned This day his Lordship and the Counsell wrote to the Lords in England this following letter IT may please your Lordships since our last dispatch from Corke which bare date the fourth of this present moneth we spent some time there expecting the comming of the old Companies out of the Pale and Northerne parts and hoping to be supplied
old Bands called out of the North the Pale and Connaght were very deficient in number hauing been long worne out in skirmishes 〈◊〉 and sicknesses without any supplies lately sent out of England though much and often desired These sixe thousand nine hundred foote were distributed into Regiments commanded by Colonels as shall appeare at the increase of the List the next moneth The seuen and twentieth day our Artillerie and prouisions sent from Dublin were landed at Oyster Hauen our munition was brought into the Campe and the front of the quarter that faced the Towne and both the 〈◊〉 of our 〈◊〉 were more strongly fortified and the Campe was round about intrenched and all those workes perfected which could not bee done the day before by reason of the foule weather Now the Spaniards held the Castle of Rincorane from their first landing and because it commanded the Harbour of Kinsale so that our shipping could not safely land our prouisions neere the Campe it was thought fit to make the taking thereof our first worke To which purpose Sir Iohn Barkeley Sir William Godolphin and Captaine Iosias Bodley Trench-Master were sent to chuse a fit place to plant our Artillerie against the Castle The 28 day two Coluerings which had not been long vsed were made fit and the next day they were mounted The Spaniards were in the towne foure thousand strong and wee had not many more in the Campe by Pole though our Lyst were more That night the Spaniards issued out of the Towne by water to relieue the Castle but Captaine Buttons ship did beate them backe The thirtieth day the two Culuerings began to batter the Castle but one of them brake in the cauening In the meane time the Spaniards gaue an Alarum to our Campe and drew a demy Canon out of the Towne wherewith they plaied into the Camp killed two with the first shot neere the Lord Deputies tent shot through the next tent of the pay-Master wherein we his Lordships Secretaries did lie brake a barrell of the Pay-Masters money with two barrels of the Lord Deputies beare in the next Cabin and all the shot were made fell in the Lord Deputies quarter and neere his owne tent This night the Spaniards attempted againe to relieue the Castle but Sir Richard Porcy hauing the guard with the Lord Presidents Regiment vnder his command did repulse them The one and thirtieth day the coluering battered the Castle and that morning another culuering a canon being planted they plaied without intermission which while we were busily attending 500 of their principall Spaniards came out of Kinsale with shew to go to relieue Rincorran by land and drew toward a guard we kept betweene Rincorran and the Towne leauing a great grosse for their seconds vnder the walles vnder that colour to giue a safe passage for their boats to the Castle Whereupon diuers broken Companies out of the Regiments in the Campe being all in armes drew voluntarily that way and Sir Oliuer Saint Iohns sent out Captaine Roe his Lieutenant Colonel and Sir Arthur Sauages Lieuienant with one hundred men and seeing them likely to draw on a round skirmish hee himselfe tooke thirtie shot of his owne Companie and went vpto them where he found Captaine Roe and those with him skirmishing with the enemies shot being two hundred and hauing another grosse lying neere the Towne to second them And seeing the Spaniards come vp close with their Pikes to giue a charge he ioyned with Captaine Roe and incountring them did beate them backe to their seconds making them to retire hastily the Spaniards then playing vpon our men with shot from euery house in that part of the Towne In this charge Sir Oliuer Saint Iohn receiued many pushes of the Pike on his Target and with one of them was slightly hurt in the thigh but hee killed a Leader and a common souldier with his owne hand The Lord audley comming vp with his Regiment was shot through the thigh Sir Garret Haruy was hurt in the hand and had his horse killed vnder him Captaine Buttlers Lieutenant was slaine and foure other of our part Sir Arthur Sauages Lieutenant was shot through the body and fourteene other of our part weee hurt The enemie left ten dead in the place besides their hurt men which we apparantly saw to be many and the next day heard to be seuentie by one who saw them brought to the house where their hurt men lay and who reported that eight of them died that night Likewise in this skitmish Iuan Hortesse del Contreres was taken prisoner who had been Serieant Maior of the Forces in Britain and our men got from them diuers good Rapiers and very good Armes All this while our 3 pieces battered the Castle till six of the clock at night when those of the Castle did beate a Drumme which the Lord President whom the Lord Deputie had left there when himselfe in the euening returned to take care of the Camp admitted to come vnto him With the Drum came an Irish man borne at Corke and these in the name of the rest prayed that with their Armes Bagge and Baggage they might depart to Kinsale This the Lord President refused and said hee would not conclude with any but the Commander of the Castle neither had commission to accept any composition but yeelding to her Maiesties mercie Presently they sent another Drumme and a Serieant with him but the Lord President refused to speake with them At their returne the Commander himselfe being an Alfiero or Ensigne called Bartholomeo de Clarizo for the Captaine had his legge broken came vnto the Lord President but insisting on the condition to depart with Armes Bag and Baggage to Kinsale his offer was refused After he was put safe into the Castle wee began afresh the battery and they more hotly then euer before bestowed their vollies of shot on vs. But the first of Nouember at two of the clocke in the morning when they found how the Castle was weakened by the fury of our battery they did againe beare a Drumme for a parley but we refusing it many of them attempted to escape vnder the rocke close to the water side which our men perceiuing drew close vp to the Castle and hindered their escape The first of Nouember earely in the morning the Lord President came to the Campe and made relation of that nights proceedings to the Lord Deputie where it was determined that if they would render the Castle and their Armes vpon promise of life to the Spaniards onely and promise to send them safe into Spaine they should be receiued to mercy which was concluded because the speedie taking of the Castle was of importance to the more easie furnishing vs with all prouisions from that harbour and of reputation to our side as also because we could not enter the breach without losse of good men which we esteemed pretious being no more by Pole in the Campe then the Spaniards in the Towne besieged by vs
because it challengeth a part before Wife Children or Friends yet doe I not thinke it intended by that great rule that any honest man ought to betray an honest trust of a worthy friend for any respect whatsoeuer vnlesse he knew that friend who is confident in him false or wicked to his Countrey to which he owes so much duty For that distinction makes great oddes in the question Of this letter therefore when you shall examine the circumstances you would quickely discerne how little it ought to trouble you for if you had already treated you had warrant for it if you haue concluded according to the authority of that warrant the new restraint comes too late if not then is your Lordship to obey this direction and in obeying it to content your Soueraigne as then aduised whereby you are iustified to the world whatsoeuer come because you haue obeyed and if that successe succeed not which was hoped for by a moderate measure of grace following an orderly and sharpe prosecution and neuer otherwise to be but at great length you may then resort to her Maiesties own self for asmuch as you shal come short of that to which you might haue arriued if you had not bin restrained For proofe wherof it wil be very fit that you do write of the conditions particularly which is all that either you or we can say where we are all bound first to giue aduice according to our conscience and then to yeeld obedience I do conclude that it was for his own particular a good speech of the Cardinal Granuella who when he found the Emperour grow more resolute daily against his Counsel said He wished that from thence forward his counsell might neuer bee followed for said he if it bee bad and not receiued I am glad for my Countrey if good and not followed yet it must value me to my Master And so much for that matter Only this I haue thought conuenient for both our particulars seeing it is impossible that this dispatch can come so soone to you as the Queene may expect that the Secretary receiue it from me and you from him for our discharge lest her Maiesty should suspect that out of zeale to the cause howsoeuer we dare not contest yet that I haue delaied to send it or you pretend to haue beene longer without it then you haue beene to which purpose I haue written to him to take care of the sending it to you with expedition and to aduertise me both of his receipt from me and yours from him And thus for this time I commit your Lordship to Gods protection From the Court at Greenewich this sixteenth of Iuly 1602. Postscript Pardon me for vsing another hand which I hope you will beare with being of no other subiect then an honest Secretary may set downe because I am not sure whether you can perfectly reade her Maiesties hand I send you the same in a coppy the latter part whereof being suteable with the former stile of fauour that was wont to passe betweene you grew by the occasion of your owne Postscript when you wrote to the Treasurer that you had beene a good while in Oneales Kitchin which you meant to warme so well as he should keep the worse fiers euer after God knowes I doe asmuch desire to heare of your successe as euer I did to heare of any thing because vpon it iudgement may be made which is likely to follow your comming or tarrying In which bee assured that I will doe you all the right to which religion honour and affection can tie me In the meane time take this comfort that her Maiesty doth feelingly apprehend your vertue and begins now to speake and write in her wonted stile and therefore I grow daily more confident that wee shall spend some yeeres together in her seruice For my selfe I will now giue ouer professions and so doe you for neither of our hearts haue euer beene accusable for basenes to our friend though in our kind we haue seuerall tastes of ingratitude onely take this still for assurance that I am your affectionate friend to command Robert Cecyll Likewise at the same time the Lord Deputy receiued this following letter from the Lords in England AFter our very hearty commendations to your Lordship Although her Maiesty hath by her letter taken notice of your Lordships wise and happy proceedings by a letter which hath beene sent from Dublyn by the Treasurer vpon your taking of the Iland in Tyrone yet wee are moued to expresse our simpathy with your good fortune both out of duty to the publike and particular affection to your selfe whom God hath made so happy an instrument of her Maiesties seruice Wee haue likewise heard from the President of Mounster of his taking in of Beere-Hauen whereby we had well hoped that Prouince would haue proued lesse troublesome then yet we can hope first because there are many prouinciall Rebels out next because the hollownes of those that are reputed subiects appeareth many waies though not so visible to all which is onely maintained by the assurance they haue of succours from Spaine whereof as we haue often said wee can make no other iudgement then that what he is able to doe he hath a will to doe and what he hath not done hath onely beene hindered by the remaining of her Maiesties Fleete vpon his Coast and which shee resolueth to maintaine till Winter be well come on so as seeing here is done as much as her Maiesty can doe and that many difficulties at home with himselfe and actions of others abroad may make suspention if not diuertion from that Spanish inuasion We thinke your Lordship shall doe well to take time while it serueth in Vlster seeing we perceiue you haue now so ordred the matter as if he should land in the North you are neere him if in the South you haue meanes now to draw most of the Forces of the Kingdome to make head against him So as wee haue little else to say for the present but to commend your proceedings and expect the successe Although we find your Lordship had very good reason to draw away Sir Samuell Bagnoll with those extraordinary Companies which you were content to spare till the taking of the Castle of Donboy yet we haue thought it very conuenient because it is worth your Lordships knowledge to let your vnderstand that if the Spaniards shall attempt to land in Ireland with an Army all our intelligences doe confirme that it will be in Mounster or vpon the neerer parts of Conuaght and if this Summer at all it will be betweene this and Bartholmewtide In which respect we thought it good to remember your Lordship to haue care for a moneth or two to send some forces to strengthen that Prouince aboue the Lyst whereby at their first discent her Maiesties forces may keepe some such reputation as the Prouincials whose eye will onely be vpon the Army may not grow too insolent nor the
the horses of our English troopes and they dying thereupon to bee readie to teare out one anothers throate for a share of them And no spectacle was more frequent in the Ditches of Townes and especiallie in wasted Countries then to see multitudes of these poore people dead with their mouthes all coloured greene by eating nettles docks and all things they could rend vp aboue ground These and very many like lamentable effects followed their rebellion and no doubt the Rebels had been vtterly destroyed by famine had not a generall peace shortly followed Tyrones submission besides mercy formerly extended to many others by which the Rebels had liberty to seeke reliefe among the subiects of Ireland and to be transported into England and France where great multitudes of them liued for some yeeres after the peace made The fourth of March the Lord Deputy receiued letters from Sir Henry Dockwra aduertising many vehement suspitions of Sir Neale Garues disloial purposes namely his vnderhand putting Mac Swyne to goe againe into rebellion and to take an Iland of his which was a fit place to set vp a new rebellion and also his making a storchouse of Armes with extraordinary prouisions of them Further he aduertised that himself vsed all meanes to keepe Tyrone in the Glynnes where hee now was till his Lordship came vp which iourney he aduised to bee in the beginning of the next moneth but vnderstanding that within few daies hee would remoue towards Fermanagh howsoeuer the English there at that time were weake yet he would lye for the Arch-rebel on his way to Omy or Agher not doubting but in the passage of those Plaines hee should haue some opportunity of fighting with him and at the least to take good part of his prey from him Lastly he aduertised that he had razed Hen. Ouingtons Castle and Mac Hugbes Iland which both had been neasts and starting holes for theeues The fifteenth of March the Lord Deputy left Dublin and rode towards the Northerne borders where his Lordship with his rotinue lay to and fro the remaining few dayes of this yeere and part of the beginning of the next till Tyrone was receiued to mercy and the war ended to the end his Lordship being in those parts might giue life to the present seruice as wel of the forces sent to prosecute Ororke as of the Garrisons lying in waite for all aduantages vpon Tyrone himselfe and his broken partakers Touching Mounster affaires in the yeere 1602 the Lord Deputy at his comming frō Corke caused Sir Ric. Percy to be sworne Counsellor for the Prouince of Mounster and in his iournall towards Cillkenny Knighted three Irish men Iohn Fitz Edmonds and two Citizens of Watterford Edward Gough and Richard Aylward The Lord President at Killkenny tooke his leaue of the Lord Deputy and making short Iourneys by reason he was sickly came not to Corke till the third of Aprill 1602. When the Spaniards by composition were to render the Castels in the West O Swilliuan Beare had surprised his Castle of Donboy in Beerehauen from the Spaniards where of some were killed in the surprisall which freed them from suspition to haue yeelded it voluntarily contrary to the composition This strong Castle vpon an excellent hauen O Swilliuan kept for the King of Spaine hauing sixty Warders with him at first and three pieces of Spanish Ordinance The Lord President meaning to take this Castle tooke the field the 23 of Aprill and after many attempts vpon the Rebels in which some of them were killed and some taken and executed and many preyes taken by parties sent out it was resolued the fourteenth of May to passe the forces ouer to an Iland called the great Iland that way to march to Beerehauen the way thither by land being vnpassable for the victuals and carriages besides many places of aduantage in the Mountaines where the Rebels though few in number might distresse a great Army and easily forbid their passage Here by the sea side the Foote staied for the ships carrying the Victuals Munition and Ordinance which were detained by contrary winds till the last of May. The sixth of Iune the forces were ferried ouer to the land neere Castle Dermot where they incamped and though they landed in another part then the Rebels expected who lay there to hinder and impeach their landing yet the Rebels hasted to them to begin the skirmish with them when they were in good order and almost had all passed the Ferry so as the Rebels hauing no aduantage in this fight they left 28 dead in the place and had more then 30 wounded whereof Captaine Tirrel was one being slightly hurt in the belly and some were taken prisoners whereas on our part onely seuen were hurt The tenth of Iune our forces hauing landed their Ordinance incamped within musket shot of the Castle of Donboy but not within the sight of the Castle a rising ground lying betweene the Campe and the Castle so as the great shot from the Castle flew ouer the Campe without doing any hurt The twelfth a Fort within the Hand of Dorses kept by the Rebels was surprized by the English and all the Rebels killed or hanged and therein were taken three Iron Peeces of Spanish Ordinance The 17 of Iune after two daies battery the English assaulted the breach and possessed part of the Castle Dunboy the Rebels keeping and defending the rest all that day and night and great part of the next at which time the English were by force made full Masters of it The Rebels defending it were 134 selected Souldiers and all of them were killed in the Castle or seeking to flie or being prisoners were executed in the campe except twelue men of chiefe accompt and most esteemed by Tyrrell which were kept to be examined vpon torture or to worke some good for the seruice with Tyrrell by the sauing of their liues Of Spanish Ordinance there was taken one Demy Culuerin two Sakers and one Falcon of brasse and two Sakers fiue Minions and one Falcon of Iron The Gunners were Italians and Spaniards who perished with the rest nine barrels of powder taken in the Castle were imploied to blow it vp left any Spaniards or Rebels might after make vse of it This Castle taken the Lord President returned to Corke where Sir Samuell Bagnoll attended his comming with letters from the Lord Deputy and according to his Lordships directions the Lord President sent by him 1500 Foote being aboue the old Mounsterlyst who came with these Forces to the Lord Deputy the 29 of Iuly and brought letters from the Lord President aduertising the aboue mentioned confident expectation of a second Spanish inuasion At the same time Sir Edward Wingfield was landed at Corke bringing to the Lord President 500 foote for supplies of the weake Companies Sir Charles Wilmott Gouernour of Kerry wherein were many prouinciall Rebels besides 1000 strangers to helpe them had before the siege of Dunboy prosecuted Mac Morris cleered Kerry of all Rebels
thereof considering due circumstances are to be much admired and preferred before any in the World Munster affirmeth that the Romans built in Germany beyond the Riuers Danow Rheine more stately Cities then are to be seene in other parts thereof But for my part I would say that Nurnberg Dresden Brestawe the chiefe City of Silesia and the Cities vpon the Sea Coast towards the North called Hans stetten that is free Cities are much fairer and farre more magnificently built then those that he nameth The Cities within land excepting Ertford those of Hessen and some like which are built of timber clay and plaster or of durt and couered with tiles of wood are built of great polished and carued free stones foure or fiue stories high with an high roofe bearing windowes and couered with tiles Some of the foresaid Cities on the Sea Coast are built of free stone but for the most part of bricke and in the lower fore roome being commonly large they haue great dores like gates towards the streetes which being open by day expose to the eies of passengers the bright puter dishes and other like vessels of tin and brasse which vse to be set forth in the vpper end of that roome And not onely the priuate houses but the publike streetes are notable for clenlinesse vniformity and beauty The houses and buildings vpon the Alpes excepting some few Cities which are equall to the foresaid built within land as Insprucke lying in the way betweene Augsburg and Padoua are built much lower most commonly of freestone and couered with tiles of wood and for three parts of the yeere they are continually couered with snow and as through all Germany the casements of the windowes are little so in these parts they are much lesse so as a man can hardly put his head out of them and the windowes on the Inside are all to be shut close with woodden windowes they vsing all possible art to keepe the cold out and to retaine the heat of the stoaues within Noblemens Castles in Germany are for the most part answerable to the building of the Cities within Land but they shew more antiquity and are more built for strength then beauty And the more stately Pallaces of Cities and these Castles in some places as my selfe obserued at Augsburg but very rarely are couered with copper which Germany yeeldeth but neuer with leade whereof they haue none of their owne The building of houses in the Townes is for matter like to that of the Cities but lower and the Villages for the most part are built of timber clay and plaster or durt and couered with tiles of wood or the worst of them with straw In generall at the most frequented dores of euery house they haue ropes that men without by the ringing of a bell may be let in and those within may open the dores by the pulling of a roape without going to them and the dores likewise by waights are made to shut of themselues at the heeles of him that comes in without the helpe of any hand The windowes in generall are of a thicke glasse with little casements closed in wood not in iron which they seldome open that the stoaues may be kept warme To conclude Germany yeelds to no place in the World for the number or stately building of Cities yet so as respecting the greatnesse thereof it hath not so frequent and little distant Cities as Netherland and other lesse Dominions haue Among the Cities of Sweitzerland the building of Bern is most vniforme and faire being of freestone with arched Cloysters towards the streete as in some parts of Italy vnder which men walke drie footed after the greatest raine but most of the Cities as of the Townes and Villages are fairely built with timber clay and plaster and commonly are seated on the declining sides of Mountaines and hils Of the last sort are the houses of Boemerland saue that the wals and foundations are made of whole bodies of trees as they are cut downe euen couered with the bark and ioined together with clay and morter And these houses are generally couered with tiles of wood not with slates In the vnited Prouinces the houses are most of bricke aswell in Cities as in Villages and so vniforme as if they had all beene built at a time and by the same workemen The fronts of them towards the streetes are commonly narrow excepting some few that are broade and high and so are built inward in length with narrow windowes and nothing at all cast out from the wals and the roofes haue windowes for vse of the roomes being couered with tiles or peeces of wood in the same forme At Leyden and Delph the houses are built very high of many stories and the roofes are steepe and haue also windowes for vse At the Hage being a most pleasant Village where the States keepe their residence the building is like but the Castle in which Count Maurice dwelt and some few Gentlemens houses are built of freestone and in some outlanes many houses are couered with straw The wares of Merchants the vessels of tinne and brasse being kept most cleane and like ornaments lie open in the lowest and greatest roome by large dores to passengers view as I formerly said of the Cities on the Sea coast of Germany They build with very slender timber so as the new built threaten falling and vpon little force totter and shake The floares are paued with plaster boards being more costly and apt to take fire And these floares are daily cast ouer with sand to keepe them from durt onely by sweeping away the sand at night In the Kingdome of Denmarke there is onely one Citie compassed with walles called Kopenhagen in which as in the other little Cities Townss and Villages the houses of the Citizens are for the most part of timber clay and plaster seldome of freestone The Kings Castle there is built of free stone but with no magnificence His second Castle at Elsenure is very stately built of freestone and also strongly fortified to command one side of the straight sea where great tribute is exacted of all ships entring or going out of the Sound In Poland there be but few Cities for so large a Kingdome but the houses of them are built of free stone much like to the Inland Cities of Germany saue that in some places the houses are arched towards the streete like the Cloysters of Monasteries Some of the houses in the Villages are of timber clay and plaster but the greatest part of meere durt and couered with straw Few of the Noble mens houses are of free stone but the greater part of timber clay and plaster The Italians are exceeding rich in their owne commodities and by trafficke which the Gentlemen and Princes scorne not to vse and they spending little in house-keeping or apparrell all their pride is to build stately houses water Counduits Fountaines and to haue rich Iewels
of them haue not seene the Villages and Cities within ten miles of their dwellings Hence it is that great part of the Italians haue nothing to boast of but their naturall wit while our Nations beyond their Alpes besides naturall gifts haue wisdome gained by experience Italy is most populous so as Gentlemens Palaces Lands belonging to them are commonly confined within some few inclosures The Castles Cities Villages and Pallaces are most frequent whence it is that the Land being narrow and not well capable of so much people they plant and sow in the very ditches of the high wayes in the furrowes of Land vpon the wals and ditches of Cities and Castles yea to the very dores of priuate houses fitting each least corner as well to profit as beauty Onely Lombardy hath large and open fields with pastufes to feed Sheepe and Cowes and with plenty of whitmeats For they haue delicate Butter which is not otherwhere to be found except in the valey of Pisa or of the Riuer Arno all other places vsing Oyle in stead of it Neere Parma and Piacenza it yeelds excellent Cheese much prized of very Princes in forraigne parts whether great quantity thereof is transported and greater extracted into other parts of Italy Lombardy also affoords sheepe to Toscany and other parts of Italy as Sicily doth Corne whereby of old it deserued to be called the Garner of Rome Italy hath great store of Goates the milke whereof is so nutritiue as they giue it to the weakest bodies for a restoratiue Great Heards of cattle are brought into Italy out of Hungary and from diuers Countries of the Alpes but the Hungarian Oxen growing leane with driuing farre and finding in Italy no Pastures wherein they may be fatted this makes Italians basely to esteeme of Beefe Out of Lombardy the Italians haue few or no Catle all Italy being like a most pleasant Garden and hauing few Pastures And this makes the Italians so tender towards the few Cattle they haue as for feare of cold forsooth in that hot Clime they leade them into stables when they are to bring forth their young In the plaine Countrey of Lombardy they vse Horses and especially Mares of an exceeding little race to ride vpon and for bearing of burthens and Oxen to draw Carts and sometimes Caroches vulgarly Carozzi but in the Mountaines and hilly Countries they vse Asses and Mules seldome Horses to ride vpon and for burthens In the Roman territory I haue seene mauy Beasts called Buffols like Oxen but greater and more deformed hauing great hornes with foule nostrels cast vp into the Ayre It is a slow and dull Beast yet being prouoked hath malice enough and the backe thereof is commonly bare of haire and euer almost galled They eate not the flesh thereof but trade with the hides as with those of Oxen and this beast is held commodious for Husbandry and patient of labour They haue no race of Horses for beauty or seruice but onely in the Kingdome of Naples Asses are commonly sold for 10 crownes a peece and a Mule for 50 or 60 gold crownes which Beasts are onely vsed in all Italy excepting onely Lombardy Of the Mule I obserued that he will goe vnder a heauy burthen from day-breake in Summer to darke night without any bating or rest by the way onely his meate is tied in a net before his mouth so as he eates while he goes and his pace is slow and when his burthen is taken off at night he tumbles and rubs his backe in the dust to coole it and is thereby more refreshed from wearinesse then a Horse can be with lying halfe the night otherwise he lies not downe in the stable scarcely once in sixe moneths A Mule is begotten betweene a Horse 〈◊〉 a shee Asse but a Mule mounting a she Mule an Asse or any beast whatsoeuer doth neuer in gender of them and the heate of his seed is yeelded for cause thereof Narrow Italy cannot beare red or fallow Deare onely the woods of Toscany yeeld some few wild Boares which are preserued for the great Dukes game otherwise a few wild beasts might soone make great spoile in so rich and well tilled fields as be these of Italy The hils and mountaines thereof lying vpon the South Sunne are in generall most fertile or fruitfull of all other such are the fields and hils or the Neapolitane territory such are the mountaines and hils of Liguria lying vpon the Tyrrhene Sea such is the territory about the Lake of Gardo vulgarly Il lago di Gardo lying at the feete of the South-side of the Alpes The fields of Lombardy are lesse happy in yeelding fruites but giue excellent pasture and corne where the Husbandman makes vse of the very furrowes betweene the Akers for as in the Aker he soweth Corne so in the furrowes he plants Elme Trees the loppings whereof serue him to burne and likewise plants Vines which shoote vp in height vpon the bodies of those trees but these vines yeeld but a small wine by reason they grow so high and in a plaine Country In the vpper part of Italy they plant in one and the same field Oliue and Almond trees and vnder them sow Corne and in the furrowes plant Vines which shoote vp resting vppon short stakes and yeeld strong wine of diuers sorts because they grow not high and the ground being hilly hath more benefit from the Sunne beating vpon it The soyle of Toscany being hilly and stony seemed to me at the first sight to be barren but after I found it not onely to yeeld fruites plentifully but also good increase of Corne as of one measure sowed commonly eight or ten measures often fourteene and sometimes twenty fiue neither doe they giue the ground rest by laying it fallow as we doe but each second yeere they sow part of it with Beanes and Pulse yeelding plentifull increase and then burying the stubble to rot in the ground make it thereby fat to beare wheate againe My selfe obserued that at the foot of the South-side of the Alpes they gather Wheate and Rie in the moneth of Iune and then sow the same fields with lighter kinds of Graine which they gather in the moneth of October yet by reason of the multitude of the people and the narrownesse of the Land the Italians not onely carry not any grane into forraigne parts but also the Merchants bringing grane to them are cherished by the Princes with faire words and rewards that they may come againe more specially by the Duke of Florence who takes care to prouide for his Countrey not onely grane from Sicily and all other parts but also sheepe out of Lombardy which he diuides among his Subiects at what price he list taking this charge vpon him to see that his people want not victuals as wel for the publike good as his owne great gaine Italy yeelds plenty of Oranges which Tree is most pleasant to behold yeelding fruit three times each yeere and bearing at one
the King shall please to appoint In Hackstow Forrest at the hill Stiperstons are great heapes of stones which the vulgar sort dreame to haue been the diuels bridge Wrockceter of old the chiefe Citie burt by the Romans is now a pretty village and from the decay therof grew the well knowne Citie Shrewesburie now the chiefe Citie fortified by art and nature rich by making wollen cloth and trading with the neighbouring Welchmen where Henry Percy the younger with his forces was ouerthrowne by Henrie the fourth 32 Cheshire is a great County of Gentlemen no other County hauing so many Knights houses Westchester is a faire Citie where the twentieth Legion called victrix lay in Garison in the time of Vespasian the Roman Emperor Most white Salt is made at Nantwich and lesse white made at Middlewich and Norwich It is rich in Pastures and sends great quantitie of cheeses to London I know that Worcester cheeses are most esteemed but there is not such quantitie to transport them I know that Suffolke and the Fennes of Essex yeeld huge cheeses in great number to bee exported but they are not so pleasing to the taste as these I know that in all the Counties some quantity of very good cheeses is made for priuate mens vses but not in proportion to bee exported Whereas Cheshire yeelds great quantity of very good cheeses comparable to those of Holland seruing the greatest part of London therewith and exporting the same into other parts When the heyres males of this County faced Henry the third added this large patrimony to the Crowne so as the Kings eldest sonne should be Earle of Cheshire And Richard the second of a County made it a Principality and himselfe was called Prince of Cheshire but Henry the fourth reduced it againe to a Countie Palatine and at this day it hath Palatine iurisdiction administred by a Chamberlaine a speciall Iudge two Exchequer Barons three Serieants at Law a Sheriffe an Atturney an Escheator c. 33 Herefordshire was of old inhabited by the Silures and it so much abeundeth with all things necessarie for the life of man as it is not content in that respect to haue the second place among all the Counties of England Hereford is the chiefe Citie thereof Lemster iustly boasteth of the Sheepes wooll feeding in those grounds with which no part of Europe can compare excepting Apulia and Tarentum It yeelds excellent Fiax and so good Wheate as the bread of Lemster and drinke of Weabley a neighbour Towne are prouerbially praised before all others 34 Radnoxshire had of old the same inhabitants and is the first County of Wales whereof Radnox is the chiefe Towne 35 Brechnocshire the second County of Wales had of old the same inhabitants and hath the name of the chiefe Towne seated in the middest thereof where Henry the eight instituted a Collegiate Church 36 Monmouthshire had of old the same inhabitants and is so called of the chiefe Towne no way so glorious as in that Henry the fifth Conquerer of France was borne there It hath also another faire Towne called Chepstow 37 Glamorganshire the fourth County of Wales had of old the same inhabitants and the chiefe Citie Caerdiffe hath a commodious Hauen 38 Caermardenshire the fifth County of Wales was of old inhabited by the Dimetae and is fruitefull in Corne abounds in Sheepe and in some places yeelds Pit-coale It hath the name of the chiefe Citie where Merlin was borne begotten by an Incubus Deuill whom the common people tooke for a most famous Prophet 39 Pembrookeshire the sixth County of Wales had of old the same inhabitants Here a long neck of land makes an Hauen called Milford hauen then which Europe hath not a more noble Hauen or more safe or more large with many creekes and safe roades made more famous by the landing of H. the seuenth Pembrook is the chiefe Towne of the County The Flemming hauing their Townes drowned by the Sea had a Territorie of this County giuen them to inhabit by Henry the first before Wales was subdued and they euer remained most faithfull to the Kings of England 40 Kardiganshire the seuenth County of Wales and had of old the same inhabitants and hath the name of the chiefe City 41 Montgomeryshire the eight County of Wales was of old inhabited by the Ordouices and hath the name of the chiefe Towne 42 Mertonethshire the ninth County of Wales had of old the same Inhabitants where vpon the mountaines great slockes of sheepefeede without any danger of the wolfe for the wolues were destroied through all England when Edgar King of England imposed the yeerely tribute of three hundreth wolues vpon 〈◊〉 Prince of Wales The little and poore towne Bala is the eheefe of this Mountenous people 43 Caernaruonshire the tenth County of Wales had of old the same Inhabitants and was called Snodenforest before Wales was reduced into Counties so called of the mountaines whose tops are alwaies white with snow deseruing to be named the Alps of Britany and it is certaine that there be lakes and standing waters vpon the tops of those Mountaines The walled City Caernaruon checfe of the County hath a most faire Castle built by Edward the first wherein his sonne Edward the second was borne and named thereof Bangor that is faire Chancell is the seate of a Bishop Aberconway deserues the name of a strong and faire little City rather then of a Towne saue that it is not full of Inhabitants 44 Denbighshire the eleuenth County of Wales had of old the same Inhabitants and hath the name of the cheefe Towne well inhabited The little Village Momglath had the name of the mines of lead which that pleasant territory yeelds Not far thence is the Towne Wrexham bewtified with a most saire Tower called the Holy Tower and commended for the musicali Organes in the Church 45 The little County Flintshire the twelfth of Wales had of old the same Inhabitants the fields whereof the first yeere after they haue line fallow yeeld more then twenty measures for one in some places of Barly in other places of Wheate and generally of Rie and after for foure or fiue yeeres yeeld Oates Holiwell named of the sacred Fountaine is a little Towne where is the Fountaine of Winefrede a Christian Virgin who being defloured by force there was killed by the Tyrant and this Fountaine is farre and greatly famous for the Mosse there growing of a most pleasant smell A faire Chappell of Free stone is built vpon the very Fountaine and a little streame runnes out of it among stones vpon which a certaine bloody humour growes The Castle Flint gaue the name to the County 46 I will omit Anglesey the thirteenth County of Wales because it is to be described among the Ilands 47 Yorkeshire is the farre largest County of all England and was of old inhabited by the Brigantes In the Forrest called Hatfield Chase are great Heards of red Deare and Harts The Townes of Sheffeld and
the English and Saint Dauids Ilands right ouer against the seate of the Bishop of Saint Dauy. Next is the 10 Iland called Enhly by the Welsh Britans and Berdsey as the I le of Birds by the English wherein they report that twenty thousand Saints lie buried Next lies 11 Mona that is the shadowed or dusky Iland which after many yeeres being conquered by the English was by them called Anglesey as the Iland of the English It is a most noble Iland the old seate of the Druides Priests so called of old and so fruitfull as it is vulgarly called the Mother of Wales the cheefe Towne whereof is Beaumarish Neere that lies 12 Prestholme that is the Priests Iland whereof the Inhabitants and Neighbours make incredible reports for the multitude of Sea Fowle there breeding Next followes 13 Mona or Monoeda as the farther Mona which we call the I le of Man the Inhabitants whereof are like the Irish in language and manners but haue something of the Norway men It yeeldes abundantly Flaxe and Hempe hath pleasant Pastures and Groues and is fruitfull of Barly Wheate and especially of Oates the people feeding on Oaten bread in all parts are multitudes of Cattle but it wants wood and for fier vseth a kind of Turffe Russia which of the Castle we call Castle-Towne is the cheefe Towne and hath a Garrison of Souldiers but Duglas is the most frequented and best inhabited Towne because it hath an excellent Hauen easie to be entered In the Westerne part Bala-curi is the seate of the Bishop vnder the primacy of the Archbishop of Yorke and there is the Fort called the Pyle wherein a garrison of Souldiers is kept Vpon the Southerne Promontory lies a little Iland called the Calfe of Man which aboundeth with Sea Birds called Puffins and a kind of Duckes engendered of rotten wood which the English call Barnacles In generall the Inhabitants haue their proper Tongue and Lawes and had their proper Coyne They abhorre from stealing and from begging and are wonderfully religious generally and most readily conforming themselues at this day to the Church of England and the people in the Northerne part speake like Scots and in the Southerne part like Irish. Edwin King of Northumberland subdued the Northerne people and subiected them to the Crowne of England yet with many changes of Fortune this Iland long had their owne Kings euen since the Normans conquered England and since the time that Iohn King of England passing into Ireland by the way subdued this Iland about the yeere 1210 till the Kingdome came to the Scots in the yeere 1266. After that time Mary the daughter of Reginald the last laid claime to the Iland before the King of England as supreme Lord of Scotland and when sheecould not preuaile William Montague her Kinseman tooke the Iland of Man by force which his Heire sold for a great summe of money in the yeere 1393 to William Scroope who being beheaded for Treason the Iland fell by right to Henry the fourth King of England who assigned the same to Henry Pearcy Earle of Northumberland with prouiso that he and his Heires at the coronation of the Kings of England should carry the Sword vulgarly called Lancaster Sword before the King but the same Persey being also killed in ciuill warre the King gaue that Iland to Stanlye from whom discend the Earles of Darby who kept the same till Ferdinand Earle of Darby dying without heire male and the Earledome falling to his Brother but this Iland to his Daughters as Heires generall Queene Elizabeth thinking it vnfit that Women should bee set ouer her Souldiers there in garrison gaue the keeping thereof to Sir Thomas Gerrard But King Iames the foureteenth of August in the fifth yeere of his Raigne granted by Letters Pattents this Iland with all things thereunto appertaining to Henry Earle of Northampton and Robert Earle of Saltsbury their Heires and Assignes for euer they vpon doing homage for the same presenting his Maiesty with two Falcons and his Heires and Successours at their Coronation in like sort with two Falcons And howsoeuer no vse or intent of this grant be mentioned in these Letters Pattents yet no doubt the grant was made to the vse of those vpon whose humble petition to his Maiesty the Letters Pattents were granted as therein is expressely declared namely of William Lord Stanly Earle of Darby heire male to Iohn Lord Stanly and of Elizabeth Countesse of Huntington Anne wife to the Lord Chandois and Francis wife to Sir Iohn Egerton Knight being the Heires generall of the said Iohn Lord Stanly The famous Riuer Thames fals into the German Ocean ouer against Zeland and before it fals into the same makes the 14 Iland Canuey vpon the Coast of Essex so low as it is often ouerflowed all but some higher hils to which the sheepe retire being some foure thousand in number the flesh whereof is of delicate taste and they are milked by young men Neere that is the 15 Iland Sheppey so called of the sheepe wherein is Quinborrough a most faire Castle kept by a Constable Without the mouth of Thames lie the shelfes or sands dangerous to Sea men which of the greatest are all called Goodwin sands where they say an Iland the patrimony of the same Earle Goodwinn was deuoured by the Sea in the yeere 1097. In the Britan Sea lies the 16 I le of Wight hauing in the Sea most plentifull fishing and the Land being so fruitfull as they export Corne besides that in all parts it hath plenty of Conies Hares Partridges and Feasanes and hath also two Parkes of Fallow Deare Also the sheepe feeding there vpon the pleasant hils yeeld wool in goodnesse next to the Fleeces of Lemster and Cotswold Flockes It hath sixe and thirty Townes and Castles and the Ecclesiasticall Iurisdiction thereof belongs to the Bishop of Wintchester Towards the West lie other Ilands pretented to be French but subiect to England namely 17 Gerzey whither condemned men were of old banished 18 Garnsey neither so great nor so fruitful but hauing a more commodious Hauen vpon which lies the Towne of Saint Peter both Ilands burne a weede of the Sea or Sea coales brought out of England and both speake the French Language I omit the seuen Iles called Siadae and others adioyning and will onely adde that the Ilands lie neere Cornewall which the Greekes called Hesperides the English call Silly and the Netherlanders call Sorlings being in number some 145 more or lesse whereof some yeeld Wheate all abound with Conies Cranes Swannes Hirnshawes and other Sea Birdes The greatest of them is called Saint Mary and hath a Castle wherein Souldiers lie in Garrison committed in our time to the keeping of Sir Francis Godolphin and after to his sonne Sir William Godolphin being of a noble Family in Cornewall Also many of the said Ilands haue vaines of Tynne and from hence was Leade first carried into Greece and the Roman Emperours banished condemned men hither to