the Rocks or els among the Dogfishes They swymme in scoles Some one is Captaine of the whole scole If he be taken euen those that escaped returne into the nett againe Inde yéeldeth perles and so doth the Seacoast of Brytaine as Iulius Caesar by the inscription y â— was written vpon if witnesseth that the brestplate which be dedicated to his mother Venus in her Temple was made of British perles It is a thing coÌ„monly knowne that Lollia Paulina the wyâ—e of the Emperour Caius had a gowne of perles valued then at foure hundred thousande Sestertius through couetousnes in getting whereof her father Marcus Lollius for spoyling the Kinges of the East offended Caius Caesar the sonne of Augustus and was put out of the Princes fauor for sorrow whereof â—e poysoned himselfe This is also registred by the diligence of old men that perles were first brought to Rome in the time of Sylla CAP. LXVI The Iournall of Inde FRom the Ilande Ausea there is a directe cut to the firme land Therfore from the Iland Taprobane let vs returne back to Inde for the thinges of Inde are worth the seing But if I shoulde make tariance about the Citties nations of Inde I should passe the bounds of my prepurposed abridgment Next vnto the Ryuer Indus they had a Cittie named Capissa which Cyrus rased Arachosia standing vppon the Ryuer Arachota was builded by Semyramis Alexander the great builded the Towne of Cadrusiâ— by Mount Caucasus wheras also is Alexandria which is thirty furlongs wyde There are manie other also but these are of the most renowmed After the Indians the Iâ—thyophags possesse the Hill Countryes whom great Alexander subduing forbad them to eate fish for they liued thereby before Beyond these are the deserts of Carmania then Persia and so a iourney by Sea wherein is the Iland of the Sunne which is alwayes red and not able to be come vnto by any liuing creature for it killeth all lyuing things that are brought into it As men returne out of Inde the first sight that they haue of Charlsis waine is at Hyâ—anis a Ryuer of Carmania They say that the dwelling of Achaemenides was in this Coaste Betwéene the Promontorie of Carmania and Arabie is fifty miles Then are there thrée Iles about which there come forth salt water Snakes of twenty cubits long Hâ—ere it is to be declared howe the way lyeth from Alexandria in Egypt vnto Inde Fyrst yée must goe by water vppe the Nyle wyth a Northeast wynde vnto Copton Then by lande vnto Hydreum From thence passing ouer certaine mansions ye come to Berenice wheras is a HaueÌ„ of the red Sea After that ye must arriue at a Hauen of Arabie called Ocelis The next arriuall vnto that is MuziruÌ„ a Marte Towne of Inde diffamed for Sea Rouers Afterward by diuers Hauens yée come to Cottonare to which Towne they conuey theyr pepper in boates made of one whole Trunke Those that goe to Inde take water eyther before the beginning of the dogge dayes or immediatly after the beginning of them in the mids of Summer And when they come backe againe they saile in December The spéediest wynd out of Inde warde is the Northeast But when they come to the Red sea then must eyther a Southeast or a full South winde serue The largenesse of Inde is reported to be seauen thousand and fifty myles The space of Carmania is a hundred myles a part wherof is not wythout Uynes Moreouer they haue a kind of men that liue by nothing els but by the flesh of Tortoyles rugged and hayrie all sauing the face which alonelie hath a thynne skinne and they be clad in skynnes of fishes They are named Chelonophages CAP. LXVII of the Gulfe of Persia and the Gulfe of Arabie and of the Azanian Sea THe red sea breaketh into these Coasts and is deuided into two Gulfs Whereof that which is toward the East is called the Gulfe of Persia because the Persians inhabit that coast It is in compasse sixe thousande and twenty myles about The other Gulfe oueragainst which lyeth Arabie is called the Arabick Gulfe and the Ocean that floweth in there is called the Azanian Sea Uppon Carmania ioyneth Persia which beginneth at the Ilande Aphrodisia welthy of sundry sortes of ryches translated sometime into y â— name of Parthians stretching fiftie myles along the sea coast where it faceth the West The noblest Towne of that Realme is Susa in which is the temple of Susia Diana A hundred and fiue and thirty myles from Susa is the towne Babytace all the inhabiters whereof for the hatred they beare to golde doo bye vp this kynde of metall and delue it déepe in the ground to the intent they shoulde not be defiled with the vse thereof and so worke vnrighteously for couetousnesse sake Héereabouts is most vncertaine measuring of grounds and not wythout cause inasmuch as some nations about Persis méet theyr lands by Schaenes some by Parasanges and othersome after an vnknowne manner so that theyr vncertaine order in méeting maketh that a man cannot tell what measure to trust vnto CAP. LXVIII of Parthia and of King Cyrus tombe PArthia is so large a Country that on y â— south-side it encloseth the red sea and on the North side the Hyrcanian Sea In it are eightéene Kingdoms which are deuided into two parts Eleuen of them which are called the vpper kingdoms beginne at the borders of Armenie and passe along the Caspian sea coast to the land of the Scithians with whom they liue like good peaceable neighbors The other seauen nether kingdoms for so they terme theÌ„ haue on the East the Aries and Arians on the South Carmania on the West the Medes and on the North the Hyrcanians And Media if selfe running ouerthwart on the west side encloseth both the kingdoms of Parthia On the North it is bounded with Armenia on the East it beholdeth the Caspians on y â— South Persis and from thence this Coast passeth foorth to a Castle which the Wysemen call Passargada and here is the Tombe of King Cyrus CAP. LXIX of Babylon of the Athlantish Ocean of the Ilands of the Gorgons and of the fortunate Iles. THe heade of the Countrey Chaldea is Babylon builded by Semyramis so renowmed that for the noblenesse thereof both the Assyrians and Mesopotamians yéelded into the name of Babilon the Cittie is in compasse thréescore myles enuironed wyth walles two hundred foote hygh and fiftie foote broade euery foote béeing longer then the foote which we measure wyth by the bredth of thrée of our longest fingers The Ryuer Euphrates runneth through it There is the Temple of Belus lupiter whom euen the religion it selfe that beléeueth there is a God reporteth to haue béene the founder of that heauenly discipline In spyght of thys Citty the Parthyans builded Ctesiphon But nowe it is time to retyre to the Coasts of the Ocean and
Chyld it causeth more aboundant swallowing of spettle and béeing receiued into the mouth it melteth but therewithall it perisheth the gyft of memory Thys stone is founde in Nylus and Achelous and not in any third place Néere vnto the Towne of Patrae is a place called Scioessa shadowed with the couert of nine Hylls and not renowmed for any other cause then that the beames of the Sunne come almoste neuer there In Laconia is an issue out of the earth called Taenarus Taenarus is also the Headlonde against Affricke where as is the Chappell of Arion of Methymna who was brought thither by a Dolphin as hys Image of brasse witnesseth there portrayted out liuely according as the chaunce happened and as the thing was doone indéede Moreouer y â— very time expressed there namelie the twenty and nine Olympiad in which the same Arion is recorded victor at the gaming in Sicill aâ—oucheth the selfe same thing to haue béene doone There is also a Towne called Taenaron of noble antiquitie Furthermore there are certaine Citties and among them Leutrae somewhat famous by reason of the shamefull ende that the Lacedemonians made there of late and Amyclae brought to destruction in olde time through theyr owne silence and Sparta renowmed with the Temple of Castor and Pollux and also with the tytles of Otryas a manne of greate fame And Theramuâ—â— from whence first sprang the worshipping of Diana and Pitanâ— which Archâ—silaus the Stoicke who was borne there did bring to lyght by the desert of his wyseâ—ome And Anthea and Cardamilee where was sometime y â— Cittie Thyre which now is but the name of a place where was fought a notable battell betwéene the Lacedemonians and the Argyues the seauentéenth yéere of the raigne of Romulus For the Mountaine Taygeta and the Ryuer Eurotas are better knowne then that they néede to bée written of Inachus a Ryuer of Achaia cutteth throgh all the Country of Argoly which tooke his name of Inachus the first founder of the nobility of Argos The beautie of Epidaurus is the Chappell of Aesculapius where sicke and diseased personnes lodging are informed by dreames of remedyes for their maladies It is sufficient to put you in remembraunce that there is in Arcady a towne called PallanteuÌ„ which by meanes of Euander the Arcadian gaue the name to our Pallace In Arcady are the Mountaines Cyllen Lyâ—aeus and Menalus renowmed with the Gods that were fostered in them among which Erymanthus is not obscure Also among the Riuers is Erymanthus springing out of the Hill Erymanthus and the famous Ladon Héereabouts the encounters of Hercules are apparant Varro affirmeth that there is a Fountaine in Arcady which killeth as manie as drinke of it In this part of the world we finde this thing not vnworthy to be mentioned concerning byrds that whereas in other places Mauisses be yellowe as golde about Cyllen they are as whyte as milke Neyther is the stone to be despised which Arcady sendeth The name thereof is Asbest It is of the colour of yron and béeing sette on fire it cannot be quenched Into the Baye of Megara shooteth the Isthmos which is renowmed with gamings kept there euery fift yéere wyth the Temple of Neptune The said gamings as is reported were instituted in resemblance of the fiue coastes of Peloponnesus which are beaten vpon wyth fiue sundrie Seas On the Northside with the Ionian sea on the West with the Sicilian Sea on y â— Southweste with the Aegean Sea on the Northeast with the Myrtoan Sea and on the South with the Candian Sea This pastime béeing put downe by the Tyrant Cypselus was by the Corinthians restored to the former solemnitie in the fortie and nine Olimpiad But the name of Peloponnesus declareth that Pelops was king of that Countrey The platforme of it is like y â— leafe of a Plane trée with Créekes and nookes and it maketh a diuorce betwéene the Ionian Sea and the Aâ—gaean Sea disseuering the one shore from the other with a slender balke not aboue foure myles broade which for the narrownesse thereof man call Isthmos From hence beginneth Hellas which properlye they would haue to bée the true Greece That Countrey which is nowe called Attick was in former time called Actee Therâ—in is the Cittie Athens néere wherto adioyneth Scyrons Rocke extending sixe myles in length so named in honour of Theseus his victorie and in remembraunce of the notable punishment of Seyron From this Rocke Ino casting her selfe headlonge into the déepe increased the number of the Goddes of the Sea But we will not so slightlie passe ouer the Mountaines of Attick There are Icary Brilesse Lycabet and Aegialus But Hymet dooth most woorthelie beare the bell among them all because that béeing verie full of flowres the Honny therof excelleth y â— Honnie of all other places not onely of forraigne Lands but also of the same Countrey in pleasaunt sauor and taste They wonder at the Fountaine Callyrhoee yet they make not therefore the lesse account of another Fountayne called â—â—unesos The place of iudgment among y â— Athenians is called Ariopagus The plaine of Marathon was made famous by y â— report of a most bloody battell foughten there Manie Iles lye ouer against the maine Lande of Attick but Salamis Sunium Cos and Ceos which as Varro witnesseth yéelded the first Garments of fine spynning y â— were made of wooll for the decking of Women are almoste suburbes to the Cittie Baeotia is renowmed with Thebae which Cittie was builded by Amphion Not that he drew stones together with the sound of his Harpe for it cannot séeme likely that anie such thing should be doone but for that with the swéetnesse of his eloquence he allured menne that dwelt in Rocks who were altogether sauage and vnnurtured to become obedient to ciuil order and discipline This Citty glorieth in the Godds that were borne within her wals as they affirme which with holy verses doo set out the commendations of Hercules and Bacchus At Thebae is the Grouâ— Helicon the Forrest Cytheron the Riuer Ismenius and the Fountaines Arethusa Ocdipus Psamatee and Dircee but before all others Aganippe and Hippocrenâ—e which because Caâ—mus the first inuenter of Letters founde out as he rode about to searche what manner of Country he was come vnto the Poets ranne vpon the brydle of liberty publishing in theyr writinges bothe that the one of them was raised by the stamping of a winged Horses hoofe and that the other béeing tasted of did endue mennes mindes with eloquence and also that the winged Horses hoofe was opened and that the waters there of beeing dronke inspired folke wyth learning The Ilande Eubâ—a by shooting his side against the Coaste of the maine Lande dooth make the Hauen of Aulis renowmed in all ages for rememberaunce of the confederacie of Gréece The Baeotians are the same people
that were the Lelegs through whose Country runneth the Riuer Cephisus falleth into the Sea In this land is the Bay of Oxus the Towne of Larissa and Delphiramne also wherein is the Chappell of Amphiaraus and the Image of Diana which the Caruar Phidias did make Varrâ— supposeth that there are two Riuers in Baeotia though of nature vnlike yet nothing differing in wonderfulnesse If shéepe drinke of the one theyr fléeces change into a Russet colour If they drinke of the other as manie of their fléeces as were of a browne coloure become whyte He addeth moreouer that there is a pitte to be séene that killeth as manie as drinke of it Where as Partriches in all other places are frée like as the rest of birds be in Baeotia they are not frée neither are they at liberty to flye where they list but but haue boundes in the verie ayre which they dare not passe Insomuch that they neuer goe beyond theyr appointed limits nor neuer flie ouer into y â— Marches of Athens This is peculiar to the Partriches of Baeotia For such things as are common to all other Partriches we will treate of generally héereafter Partriches are slie in trimming and fencing their nestes For they hedge in their haunts with pricking shrubs and sharpe sprigges to the intent such beastes as are noysome vnto them may bee kept off with the sharpnesse of the thornes Under their Egges they lay dust and they come and goe priuily least theyr often haunting should bewray the place Many times y â— Hennes reâ—ooue the egges out of the way to deceiue y â— Cocks who trouble them out of all measure with theyr continuall flickering about them There is fighting among the Cocks for the Hens and it is thought that those which are ouercome doo abide the other to tread them as if they were Hennes They are so ranke of nature that if the winde doo but blow from y â— Cocks the Hennes become with egge euen wyth the verye sent of them And if anie manne come néere the place where they sitte the Hennes springing forth doo offer themselues of their owne accorde to the commers and feygning some default in their féete or their winges as though they might be by and by caught they couÌ„terâ—et a slowe pace before them By which subtiltye they eg foorth such as they méete and mocke them vntill they haue tolled them and drawne them a greate way of from theyr neste Neyther are their yong ones lesse carefull for theyr parte howe to saue themselues For when they perceiue that they are séene they caste themselues vpon their backes and take vp cloddes in theyr féete with the couert whereof they hyde themselues so subtillie that they escape euen when they are founde CAP. XII Of Thessaly Magnesia and of the Townes therin of the Riuer Peneus of the plesantnes of Tempee of the heyght of the Mountaine Olimpus and of him that stroke out King Philips eye THessaly is the same country y â— beareth y â— name of Aemonia which Homer calleth Argos PelasgicuÌ„ where Hellen was borne of whom the Kinges were called Hellens At the backe héereof stretcheth Pieria toward Macedonie which béeing coÌ„quered came in subiection to the Macedons Manie Townes and many Ryuers are there Of Townes the notablest are Phthia Larissa Thessaha Thebae Of Ryuers the notablest is Peneus which running downe by Ossa and Olimpus by meanes of the Hyls bowing gently on bothe sides with wooddy bottoms maketh the Thessalian Tempee and swéeping thence wyth broader streames through Macedonie Magnesia falleth into the Gulfe of Thermy Unto Thessalie belong the playnes of Pharsaly wherein were the thundring stormes of the ciuill wars And to the intent we goe not altogether to knowne hyls let them buzie themselues about Othrys Pindus which séeke for the originall of the Lapythes or about Ossa which delight to linger in the Fables of the Centaures As for Pelion the mariage feast of Peleus and Thetis haue brought it so much to knowledge that it may be a maruell howe it should be kept in huggermugger For the thinges that are to bee séene in Olympus doo declare that Homer did not celebrate it throgh vnaduised rashnesse For it ryseth so bigge with so hygh a toppe that the dwellers by doo call the knappe of it heauen Ther is on the top of it an Altar dedicated to Iupiter where vpon if any part of the inwards be layd they are neyther blowne a sunder wyth blastes of the wynde nor washed away with rayne but when the yéere comes about againe they are founde the selfe same that they were left And whatsoeuer is once consecrated there vnto the God it is priuiledged for euer froÌ„ corruption of the aire Letters written in the ashes continue tyll the Ceremonies of the next yéere In the Country of Magnesia is the Towne of Methone in the â—â—edge wherof Phillip the Father of great Alexander of Macedonie lost hys eye by the stripe of an Arrow which a Townsman named Aster shot at him with his own name and the name of the party that he shot it at and the place that he wounded written thereuppon That this people could skyll of Archery we may beléeue by Philoctetes forasmuch as Melibaea is reckoned in the foote of thys Country But to the intent we procéede no further then wee haue Poets for our defence the fountaine Libethrus also appertaineth to Magnesia CAP. XIII Of Macedonie and the successyon of the Kinges thereof and of the stone Peantis THe people which were sometime the Edonians and that which was the Lande of Migdony or the Countrey of Pieria or Aemathia is nowe in one entyre terme the Realme of Macedonie And the partitions which héeretofore were seuerally disioyned béeing nowe vnited in the name of Macedoâ—es are become all one body Macedonie therefore is bounded on the forepart with y â— Marches of Thrace The South Countrey of Thessaly is inhabited by the Epirots On the Westside are the Dardanians and Illyrianâ— Where the North beateth vpon it it is fenced in with Paeony Pelagony From the Triballs it shooteth foorth in Mountaines to the colde Northeaste wynde It is deuided from Thrace by the Riuer Strymon which runneth from y â— Mountayne Haemus But to passe Rhodopee with silence which is a Mountaine of Mygdony and Athos sayled through by the Persian fléete and cutt of froÌ„ the maine Land by the mountenaunce of a myle a halfe together wyth the vaines of Gold and Siluer wherof there are digged vppe verie good and great store in the fieldes of Macedonie I wyll speake of the Countrey Orestide There are a people which take the name of Orestides heerevpon Orestes fléeing like an outlawe from Mycene after he had killed his mother forasmuch as heâ— hadde determined to goe further of commanded that a yong Sonne of hys borne in Aemathia of Hermione whom he had taken to be his companion in all
that these foules are in the tuition of Latona They are not to bée séene at all seasons but haue theyr time of comming which is when Sommer is gone When they passe ouer the Seas they flye leysurely at y e first cherryshing theyr strength wyth flying softly for feare of a longer iourney But as soone as they spy Lande they cluster on a flock and thronging close together make all the spéede they can which hast of theyrs doth oftentimes turne to the destruction of them that are vpon the Sea For it happeneth in the nights that they rende the tackling and bearing the sayleclothes before them by violeâ—ce turne the bottomes of the kéeles vpwarde They neuer settâ— foorth whyle the Southerne winde bloweth for feare of the force of a more swelling foggie blaste They commonly coÌ„mitt themselues to the Northerne wyndes to the intent that the gale thereof béeing more drie and more vehement may the easlyer carrie their bodies which are somewhat fatte and by reason therof somewhat slow also Hée that guydeth the flocke is called Ortygometra As soone as he draweth towarde the Land the Gossehawke which watcheth for the nonce seazeth vppon him and therefore it is all theyr séeking to get them a guyde of a straunge broode by whom to escape the first daunger Their chiefe delight is to féede vpoÌ„ the séede of venemous hearbs and therefore wisemen haue forbidden them their Tables And thys lyuinge creature onely sauing manne suffereth the falling sicknesse CAP. XVIII Of the Ile Eubaea nowe called Nigropont THe Ile of Eubaea is disseuered with so small a cut from the maine land of Baeotia that it is to bee doubted whether it bee to be numbred amoÌ„g Ilands or no. For on that syde which they call Eurypus it is ioyned to the Lande with a brydge and is gone vnto a foote by the frame of a very short Engine It shooteth into the North with the Promontorie Caeneum and with two other it extendeth into the South whereof Gerastus faceth the Countrey of Athens and Caphreus looketh into Hellespont where after the destructioÌ„ of Troy whether it were through the wrath of Minerua or as the certainer report goeth through the influence of the Starre Arcturus the Gréeâ—â—iâ—h Nauie suffered great losse by shipwrack CAP. XIX Of the Ilande Paros and the stone Sarda PAros is renowmed for the Marble that is in it Next Delos it is the beste inhabited w t townes But before it hadd y â— name of Paros it was called Minoia For béeing conquered by Minos as long as it coÌ„tinued vnder the Cretish dominion it was called Minoia Besides the Marble it yéeldeth the stone Sarda which is better then Marble but yet accounted as basest of all Iewels Eyghtéene myle from Delos is the Ile of Naxos wherin is the Towne of Srongyle But before it was called Naxus it bare the name of Dyonisia eyther because it was the harborough of Bacchus or els because it excelled the rest in fruitfulnes of Uines Besides these there be many moe of y e Circle Iles but y â— things that are chiefly worthy to be remembred are in the Iles aforesaid CAP. XX. Of the Ilande Icaros and of the Phylosopher Pythagoras of the Ilands Melos Carpathos Rhodes and Lemnos and of the shaddowe of Mount Athos ICaros also is one of the Ilands called Sporades and gaue the name to the Icarish Sea Thys Ile shooting forth in Rocks betwéene Samos and Myconus is altogether harbourlesse and because it hath no Bay nor Hauen to arryue at it is ill spoken of for the daungerousnesse of the Coastes of it Varro therefore is of opinion that Icarus of Crete perished there by shipwrack and that the place tooke hys name of the mis-fortune of the man In Samos nothing is more notable then y â— Pythagoras was that Countryman borne who béeing â—ffended at the Lordlinesse of the Tyrants forsooke hys natiue Country and arryued in Italy in the tyme that Brutus which draue the Kings out of Rome was Consull Melos which Callymachus calleth Melanis hard by Aâ—olia is the roundest of all the Iles. For Carpathus is the same whereof the Carpathian sea hath hys name The ayre is neuer so clowdye but the Sunne shyneth vppon the Rhodes The Lemnians worshippe Vâ—ulcane and therefore the chiefe Cittie of Lemnos is called Haephestia There is also y â— towne of Myrina into y e Marketsted wherof the Mountaine Athos casteth his shaddowe out of Macedonie which thing not without cause men haue noted for a wonder forasmuch as Athos is fourescore and sixe miles of froÌ„ Lemnos Surely Athos is of such a height y â— it is supposed to bee higher then from whence the rayne falleth Which opinion hath got credite héere vpon for that the ashes which are left vpon the Altars y â— stande on the toppe of it are neuer washt awaie nor doo in anie wise diminish but doo alwaies continue euen in the same heape that they were raked vppe in On the toppe of it was sometime y â— Towne Acrothon wherin the Inhabiters liued halfe so long againe as the inhabiters of other places and therfore the Greekes cal the people thereof Macrobians which is as much to say in our language as longliued CAP. XXI Of Hellespont Propontis the Bosphor of Thrace and of the maruellous nature of the fishes called Dolphins THe fourth coast of Europe beginneth at Hellespont and endeth at the mouth of Maeotis Al the saide widenesse which deuideth Europe and Asia a sunder gathereth into a straight of seaueÌ„ furlongs This is Hellespont héere did Xerxes make a brydge of shippes and passe ouer a foote From thence stretcheth a narrowe arme of the Sea to a Cittie of Aâ—ia called Priapus which Alexander the great sayled vnto and gotte it into his handes when he went about to conquer the worlde From thence wydning into a mayne Sea it groweth narrow againe toward Propontis and by and by gathereth into halfe a mile breadth and is called the Bosphor of Thrace at which place Darius conuaied ouer his armie These Seas haue manie Dolphins which haue in them many straunge things to be wondred at First and formost the Seas bréede not anie thing swifter or nimbler then them insomuch as oft-times in their leaping vpp they shóote theÌ„selues quite ouer the topps of the maine sailes of the ships Whersoeuer they become they goe by couples They bring foorth pigs and the tenth month is the ful time of their farrying and they farroe euer in Sommertime and giue their pigs sucke and while they bee verie yonge they take them in at their mouth and they wayt vpon them for a time till they wexe strong They liue thirtie yéeres as hath béene tryed by experience in cutting of theyr tailes for a marke to knowe them by They haue theyr mouthes not in y e same place where other Beastes haue but almost in theyr bellies and contrâ—rie to
likenesse it hath to that kinde of wine or to honnie It is manifest that it gathereth vp leaues and draweth chaffe vnto it and the arte of phisicke hath taught that it remedieth manie inconueniences of men Inde also hath Amber but Germanie hath the best and best store Because we were come to the Ile of Glessaria we began with Amber for in the iâ—ner parts of Germanie is founde a stone called Callais which men preferre before the precious stones of Arabie for it passeth them in beautie The Arabians saie it is not found anie where but in the nestes of the birds which they call Melancoryphes which no maÌ„ beléeueth forasmuch as they are to be found in the Regions of Germanie among stones although very rarelie In respect of the estimation and value of the Emerawd it is of colour a faint gréene Nothing dooth better beséeme golde Furthermore of the Ceraunies are diuers sorts that of Germanie is white with a bright blew and if yée haue it abroade it draweth the brightnes of the starres to it CAP. XXXIII Of Gallia of the Countryes of Rhetia and Noricum of Pannonie and Masia and of the medicinable Oyle CAllia is situat betwéene the Ryuer Rhyne and the Mountaines Pyrenyes and betwéene the Ocean and y â— Mountaines Gebenua and Iura fortunate for the fatnes of the soyle and rich of increase of fruits in many places also replenished with Uines and Orchyardes and blessed with store of all things for the behoofe of manne It is well watred with Ryuers and Fountaines of those Fountaines some in times past sacred and hote It is ill spoken of for the custome of the inhabiters who as is reported for I auouch not my selfe to haue had triall of the truth after a detestable manner not to the honor but rather to the iniurie of Religion offer men in sacrifice Out of this Country yée may goe into what part of the world yée wil Into Spayne and Italy both by sea and lande into Affrick by sea onely If ye iourney into Thrace yée must come to the fayre and fruitfull fieldes of Rhetia renowmed with the Lake Brigantine from thence into Noricum a colde Countrey and lesse fruitfull but where it is far from the Alpes verie plentifull Then Pannonie puissaunt in men the soyle champion and rich and inclosed with the two famous Riuers Drauus Sauus and lastlie the Maesians which our auncestors called worthelie the Gardner of Ceres In one part wherof namelie of that which is toward Pontus there groweth 〈◊〉 hearâ—e wherwith they make an Oyle that they call the Chirurgions Oyle This béeing sette a fire if yée goe about to quench it with water burneth the more and cannot bee put out otherwyse then by casting on of duste CAP. XXXIIII Of Britaine and the other Iles about it of the stone called Geate THe Sea coast of Gallia had béene the ende of the worlde but that the Ile of Brytaine for the largenesse therof euery way deserueth the name almoste of an other Worlde for it is in length eyght hundred myles and more so we measure it to the angle of Calydon in which nooke an Altar engrauen with Gréeke Letters for a vowe beareth witnes that Vlisses arriued at Calydon It is enuironed with many Iles and those not vnrenowmed wherof Ireland draweth néerest to it in bygnesse vnciuill for the sauage manners of the inhabiters but otherwise so full of fat pasture that if theyr Cattell in Sommer season be not now and then kept from féeding they should run in daunger of bursting There are no Snakes and fewe byrdes the people are harbourlesse and warlike When they haue ouercome theyr enemies they first be sméere their faces in the blood of them that be slayne and then drinke of it Be it right or be it wrong all is one to theÌ„ If a Woman be deliuered of a manchilde shee layes his firste meate vppon her Husbands sworde and putting it softlie to his pretie mouth giueth him the first hâ—mselâ— of his foode vppon the very point of the weapon praying according to the manner of their Countrey that he may not otherwise come to his death then in battel and among weapons They that loue to bee fine doo trimme the hylts of theyr Swords with the téeth of monsters that swymme in the Sea for they bee as white and as cléere as Iuorie For the men doo chiefly glorie in the beautie of their Armour There is not anie Bée among them and if a man bring of the duste or the stones from thence and strow them among Bée hyues the swarmes forsake y e combes The Sea that is betwéene Ireland and Brytaine béeing full of shallowes and rough all the yéere long cannot be sayled but a fewe dayes in the Sommertime They sayle in Kéeles of wicker doone ouer with Neats leather How long soeuer their passage continueth the passengers abstaine from meate Such as haue discussed the cercertaintie of the matter according to reason haue estéemed the breadth of that narrow Sea to be a hundred and twentie miles The troublous Sea also deuideth the Iland of the Silures from the coast of Brytaine the men of which Ile kéepe their olde customes euen vnto this day They vtterlie refuse buying and selling for money and giue one thing for another prouiding things necessary rather by exchaunge then for ready mony They worshyppe the Gods very deuoutly As well the Women as the Men boast of the knowledge of prophesying The Ile Thanatos is beaten vpon with y â— French Sea and is deuided from Brytaine with a verye narrowe cutte luckie for corne fieldes and fatte soyle and not onely healthful to it selfe but also to other places For inasmuch as there is no snake créeping there the earth thereof to what place soeuer it beâ— carried from thence killeth snakes There bee many other Iles about Brytaine of which Thule is y e furthest of wherin at such time as the Sun is at the hyghest in Sommer and passeth through the signe of Cancer there is almost no night at all Againe in the deade of wynter when the Sunne is at the lowest the day is so shorte that the rysing and going downe of the Sunne is both together Beyond Thule wee learne is the deade and frozen Sea From the Promontorie of Calydon to the Iland Thule is two dayes sayling Next come the Iles called Hebudes fiue in number the inhabiters wherof know not what corne meaneth but liue onely by fishe and milke They are all vnder the gâ—uernment of one King For as manie of them as bee they are seuered but with a narrowe groope one from another The King hath nothing of hys own but taketh of euery mans Hee is bounde to equitie by certaine lawes and least he may start from right through cocouetousnes he â—earneth Iustice by pouertie as who may haue nothing porper or peculiar to himselfe but
is found at the charges of the Realme Hee is not suffered to haue anie woman to himselfe but whomsoeuer he hath minde vnto he borroweth her for a tyme and so others by turnes Wherby it commeth to passe that he hath neither desire nor hope of issue The seconde Harborough betwéene the maine lande and the Hebuds is the Orcâ—des which are froÌ„ the Hebuds seauen dayes and as manie nyghts sayling There bée but thrée of them no man dwelleth in theÌ„ they haue no 〈…〉 are ouergrowne with rushye wéedes and the rest of them is nothing but sand and bare Rocks From the Orcades vnto Thule is fyue dayes and fiue nights sayling But Thule is plentiful in store of fruits that will last Those that dwel there doo in the bâ—ginning of the spring time liue on hearbs among Cattell and afterward by milke and againste Winter they lay vppe the fruiteâ— of their trées They vse their women in common and no manne hath any wife The whole circuit of Bâ—itaine is foure thousand eyght hundred thréescore and fiftéene miles In which space are great and 〈…〉 and hoâ—e Bathes finelie kept to the vse of men the souer 〈◊〉 of which Bathes is the Goddesse Minerua in whose Chappell the fire burneth continuallie and the â—oles do neuer â—urne into ashes but as soone as y e embars wexe dead it is turned into â—alles of stone Moreouer to the intent to passe thâ— large aboundance of sundry mettals wherof Britaine hath many rich veynâ—s on all sides Here is store of the stone called Geate and y e best kind of it If ye demaund y e beautie of it it is a black Iewell if the qualitie it is of no weight if the nature it burneth in water and goeth out in Oyle if the power rubbe it till it be warme and it holdeth such things as are laide to it as Amber doth The Realme is partlie inhabited of barbarous people who euen froÌ„ theyr childhoode haue shapes of diuers beastes cunninglye impressed and incorporate in theyr bodyes so that béeing engraued as it were in theyr bowels as the man groweth so growe the marks painted vpon him neyther doo those Nations couâ—t any thing almost to be a greater token of patience then y â— their bodyes shoulde by manifest scarres drinke in the déepest colour CAP. XXXV Of Spayne and the Iles about it Of the Ocean and the Midland Sea and of theyr sundry names and what the Phylosophers haue left in wryting concerning the ebbing and flowing therof NOwe that I am come again to y e maine laÌ„d the matters of Spayne call me The coast of this CouÌ„trey is coÌ„parable with the the beste and inferiour to none whether yee haue respecte to the fatnesse of the soyle or to the reuenewes of the Uyneyardes or to the fruitfulnes of the Trees It aboundeth in all kind of things whatsoeuer is costlie of price or necessary to be occupyed If yee séeke siluer or golde it hath theÌ„ the yron mynes neuer wast it gyueth place to no Countrey for Uines and for Oliues it passeth all others It is deuided into thrée prouinces and in the second warres against Carthage it became ours Nothing is in it idle nothing barraine Whatsoeuer grounde is not able to beare corne beareth good pasture euen the places that are drye and barraine yéelde stuffe for ship men to make Cables of They séeth not salt there but dyg it out of the grounde They scoure the fine sparks of dust and make Sinople of it and therwith dye theyr wooll that they may afterward make it the better into a scarlet engraynde In Lusitania is a Promontorie which some cal Artabrum and some call it the Promontory of Lysbone It disseuereth both ayre land and Sea By land it finisheth the one side of Spayne and it deuideth the ayre and the Seas in such wyse at the circuit thereof the French Ocean and the North coast begin and the Athlantish Ocean and the West doo end There is the Cittie of Lysbone builded by V lisses and there is the Ryuer Tagus preferred before other Ryuers for hys golden sandes In the marches of Lysbone the Mares excéede in fruitfulnesse after a wondrous manner For they conceiue by the blaste of the Southwest wynde and theyr lust is as well spedde with the breath of the ayre as if they were couered wyth Horses The Ryuer Iberus gaue name to y e whole Realme of Spaine and the Ryuer Baetis to the prouince of Baetica bothe of them are famous streames The Cittye Carthage in Spayne was builded by the Carthagenenses of Affrick and replenished also with people of that Countrey The Scipios builded Tarracon and therefore it is the head of the prouince called Tarraconensis The Seacoast of Lusitania hath greate plenty of the precious stones called Ceraunie which is preferred before the Ceraunie of Inde The colour of this Ceraunie is like the Carbuncle and the vertue therof is tried by fire the which if it be able to abide without perrishing or blemish it is thought to bee good against the force of ligtning The Iles 〈◊〉 ridâ—s but against y â— side of Celtiberia very fertile of leade so 〈◊〉 also the fortunate Iles of which there is nothing worth the noting saue the name onely Ebusus one of the Iles called Baleares which is distant froÌ„ Dianiuâ— seaâ—en hundred furlongs hath no Serpent for the soile thereof driueth away Serpents But the Ile Colubraâ—â—â— which is towarde Sucro swarmeth with Snakes The Baleares were sometime y e king dome of Boccharis and there was such store of Connyes that they vtterlie destroyed all kinde of fruites At the Hearde of Betica where as is the vttermoste point of the knowne world there is an Ilande about seauen hundred paces from the mayne land which the Tyrians because they came from the red Sea called Erythraea and the people of Affrick in theyr language called Gadir that is to say the Hedge There are many monuments to prooue that Gerion dwelled héere albeit some think that Hercules fetched his kyne out of another Iland which lyeth ouer against Lusitaâ—â—â— But the narrowe Sea betwéene Affricke and Spayne tooke his name of the Ilands called Gades At that place the Athlantish Ocean sendeth in our Sea which deuideth the world For the Ocean which the Greekes so call because of the swiftnesse thereof breaking in at the Sun going downe raseth Europe on the left side and Affricke on the right and hauing cut a sunder the Mountaines Calpe and Abila which are called Hercules Pyllars rusheth in betwéene the Mores and the Spanyards And at this streight which is in length fiftéene miles and in breadth scarcely seauen as it were at a gate he openeth the barres of the inner Sea and wyndeth himselfe into the mydlande coasts which he beateth vppon from place to place euen vnto the East Where it beateth vppon Spaine it beareth y e name
of the Spanish Balearish Sea where it runneth by the prouince of Narbon it is called the Sea of Gall then Lygusticum from thence to Sicill Tuscane which y â— Greekes call Ionian or TyrrhaeniaÌ„ and the Italians the nether sea From Sicill to the Ile of Candy it is called the sea of Sicill from thence to Pamphylia and the Aegiptian Sea it is called the Cretish sea The same gull of waters wrything hys side first into the North and fetching great circuits by the Greeke lands and by Illyrik through Hellespont draweth into the straights of Propontis the which Propontis disseuering Europe and Asia extendeth to Maeontis Of the originall of the names there is no one vniforme reason It is called Asiaticke and Phaenician of the Countries Carpathian Aegaean Icarian Balearick and Cyprian of the Ilands Ausonian Dalmatian Lygustian and Thuscane of the nations Adriatish Argolicke Corynthian and Tyrian of the Townes Myrtoan or Hellespontian of the mischances of men Ionian in remembraunce of a King of that name Bosphor of the passing ouer of an Oxe or of the streights which an Oxe might swim through of the natures of the dwellers by Euxinus or as it was called before Axenus and of the order of the flowing Propontis The Egyptian sea is allotted to Asia the Gallik sea to Europe and the Affrick sea to Lybia and as the sea approcheth to any of the seueral parts of these Countries so taketh it name therafter These are in the bowels of the world But the Ocean beclippeth the vttermost coastes which according to the shoares it beateth vpon is named Arabick Persian Indian Easterne Serick Hercanish Caspian Scythick German French or British Athlaâ—tish Lybick and Aethâ—opick The flowing of the tydes whereof doth rise exceeding high about the Sea coasts of Inde and make verie great breaches ther which happeneth eyther because the waters swelling by force of heate are helde vp beyond their stint or els because that in that part of the world is farre greater aboundance of springs and Ryuers The matter is yet in question what should be the cause that the Ocean should swel or why it should fal again into it selfe considering the sâ—perfluitie thereof and it is euident y â— many things haue béene vttered rather to showe the wits of y â— disputers then to the setting forth of the trueth But to omitte the doubtfull debatings of the Demurrers we haue found thâ—se opinions to haue most likelihoode of trueth The naturall Philosophers hold opinion that the world is a liuing creature and that being compact of the diuers bodies of the Elements it is mooued by a soule and gouerned by a minde bothe which béeing shed through all the members doo put in vre the force of theyr eternalâ— moouing and therefore that like as in our bodies there is an intercourse of the breath and the soule so in the déepes of the Ocean there are as it were certaine nostrils appointed at which y e breache béeing sent out or drawne in againe dooth one whyle puffe vppe the Seas and another while call theÌ„ backe againe But they that folow the knowledge of Astronomie affyrme that these goings and comminges are mooued by the course of the Moone and that the interchaungablenesse of the ebbings and flowinges depende vppon the increasing and decreasing of her insomuch as they keepe not alwaies one ordinary stint but altar from tyme to tyme according to her approching or going away CAP. XXXVI of Lybia of the Orchyardes of the Sisters called Hesperides and of Mount Atlas OVt of Spayne my next start is into Lybia For when yee are loosened from Belon which is a Towne of Betica the next arriuall on the furtherside of that Sea which is thrée thirty miles broade is Tingie nowe a Towne inhabited with people of Mauritanie wherof Antaeus was the founder Moreouer because in that circuit the Sea of Aegypt endeth and the Sea of Lybie beginneth it hath séemed good to meÌ„ to call Affrick by the name of Lybie Some notwithstanding haue auouched that Lybie was so named of Lybia the daughter of Epaphus and Affrick of Afer the Sonne of Hercules the Lybian Liâ— also another newe inhabited Towne standeth on the same coast where was sometime the Palace of Antaeus who béeing perfecter in wynding vnwinding of knots vpon the ground then els where as if he had béene the natiue Sonne of the earth was there vanquished and put to death by Hercules As concerning the Orchyardes of the Hesperides and y e waking Dragon least the liberty of Fame might be infringed this is the very truth Out of the Sea commeth a crooked arme with so wreathed and wynding banks that to such as beholde the broken turnings of it a far of it resembleth the glyding of a Snake and it enuironeth the place that they called the Orchyard Wherevppon interpreting it to bee the kéeper of the Apples they opened a gappe to deuise lyes vpon But thys Iland so wreathed about with the wynding Channell running forward and backward which is situate in a certaine circle of the Sea hath nothing in it to prolong the memoriall of antiquitie with sauing a fewe Trées like wylde Olyues and an Altar consecrated vnto Hercules But this is a greater wonder then the golden fruite Trées or the leauie gold that though the grounde be lower then the leuell of the Sea yet the tyde neuer ouerfloweth it but the water béeing kept off by the prouidence of nature as by a Iettie stayeth at the very brimme and the waues of theyr owne accorde stand still in a circle at the innermost brewes of the Sea bankes and so through the wonderfull disposition of nature the leuell grounde continueth styl dry though the Seas come falling downeward vpon it Upon the Ryuer Sala standeth the Towne of Sala From hence by the nation of the Autolians the way lyeth to the wyldernes of Atlas The Mountaine Atlas rising out of the mids of the waste and sandy Countries and growing into a circle like the halfe moone lifteth his head aboue y e câ—wdes Where it reacheth to the Ocean that is named after him no Fountaines spring out of him but all lyeth horrible wast all is stéepe cliffs and Rocks all is loth some and barraine the grounde bare and no grasse growing thereon But where he turneth backe to Affrick warde he is rich of all kinde of fruites springing of theyr owne accorde and he is shadowed with bygh Trées the sent whereof is ranke and y e leaues like Cypresse leaues and they are couered with a kind of downe of no lesse value then silke On that side also groweth plentiously the hearbe â—â—phrobia y e iuyce whereof cléereth the eye sight and many wayes preserueth health and greatly expulseth the force of venims The top of this hyll is euermore couered wyth snowe the launes thereof are haunted with foure footed beastes and Serpents
consisteth not of fiue hundred and fortie but of twelue thousand nine hundred fiftie and foure of our yéeres Finally when Quintus Plautius and Sextâ—â— Papinius were Consuls the Phaenix â—lewe into Egypt and béeing taken the eight hundreth yeere after the building of the Cyttie was by the commaundement of Claudius the Emperour shewed openlie at the election of the Officers The which deede besydes the decrée that remaynes concerning the same is also enrolled among the Acts of the Cittie The Cynnamolgus likewyse a byrd of Arabia maketh hys neste of the twygges of Cynnamom in the trées that be highest whereunto because there is no clymbing by reason of the height of the trées and brittlenesse of the boughes the inhabiters throwe lynes with plummets of lead on the endes of them into the nestes and so pulling them downe sel them farre déerer because the Merchants like that Cynnamom better then any other The Arabians haue a large and a wyde Countrey euery way and liue after diuers maners with diuers kinds of Religion Many goe wyth powled heads and hoodes like myters and in apparel fashyon like to the same and some shaue their beards to the hard skyns They giue themselues to Merchandise not bying other folks wares but vttering theyâ— owne For they bee rich bothe in woods and waters The shadowes which lye to vs on the ryght hande lie to them on the left Some of them that liue hardlye eate Snakes flesh They haue neither regard of body nor soule and therfore they are named Ophiophags From the Seacoast of thys Countrey was brought vnto King Polycrates a precious stone called a Sardonix which first stirred vppe the firebrand of excesse in our part of the worlde But the Sardonix is so well knowne of all men that I thinke not méete to make long processe about it The vpperpart thereof is allowable if it be a shéere red but it is reprooued if it be thicke like dregges The mids of it is girded wyth a whytish circle the grace whereof is if it neither shed his colour into the next nor he himselfe borrow of the other The rest of him is finished with a black which if it giue a light through it is counted a fault but if it let from séeing through it giueth it the greater grace The Arabian also findeth the Molochite of a deeper greene then is the Emerawde hauing a natiue vertue against the perrills of infants Hee findeth likewise the Iris in the Red sea sixe cornered as the Crystall which béeing touched with the Sunne-beames casteth out of him a bryght reflexion of the ayre like the Raynebowe The same Arabians gather the Androdamant bright as Siluer with sides equallie square which yée would thinke to haue borowed somewhat of the Diamond It is thought y â— hys name is gyuen him of that hee asswageth y e passions of hote mindes and restrayneth the rage of anger Wee haue from thence also the Arabish Pederote which to sée to is like Iuorie and will not be filed It helpeth them that beare it against paines of the sinewes In the Pederote is conueyed whatsoeuer is excellent with a certaine prerogatiue of comlines It is cleere like Crystal it is ruddy like purple glystring in the vttermost verges as it were out of water with a border yellowe like Saffron With this swéetnesse it rauisheth the eyes allureth the sight deteyneth the beholders and for this beautie it pleaseth also the Indians This is inough concerning Arabie nowe let vs retyre againe to Pelusium CAP. XLVI Of Mount Casius of the great Pompeis tombe and of the Towne Ioppa FRom Pelusium is Mount Casius and y â— Chappell of Iupiter Casius and also the place of Ostracina ennobled with the Tombe of the great Pompey From thence beginneth Idumaea fruitful of Date trées Afterward comes Ioppa the auncientest Towne in all the worlde as which was builded before the generall flood In that Towne is to be séene a Rocke which kéepeth yet the print of the chaynes of Andromeda who as is reported and that by no vaine rumor was sette foorth there to bee deuoured of a Monster For Marcus Scaurus in his Aedileshyppe showed the bones of that Monster openly at Rome The thing is regystred in Chronicles The measure of theÌ„ also is contayned in true Bookes that is to say that the length of his ribbes was more then fortie foote and that hee was farre higher then the Olyphants of Inde Moreouer euery ioynt of hys ridgbone were aboue halfe a foote broade CAP. XLVII Of Iewry of the Ryuers and Lakes therein of Balme of Sodom and Gomorâ—he and of the Essaene Nations IEwrie is famous for waters but all the waters are not of one nature The Ryuer Iordan béeing of excellent sweetnes and flowing out of y e fountaine Peneas runneth by moste pleasant Countries vntill that falling into the Lake Asphaltites which ingendreth Bitumen it is there corrupted with the standing water This Lake hath no lyuing thing in it nothing can drowne in it Buls and Cammels swym without daunger in it There is also a Lake called Genezar sirtéene myles long besett with many goodly Citties and himselfe fellowe with the best But the Lake of Tyberias is preferred before all these wholsome for his milde tast and effectuall of operation for health The heade of Iewry hath béene Ierusalem but it is vtterly destroyed In stedde thereof succéeded Iericho and this also hath ceased to be the head since it was conquered in the warres of Artaxerxes Néere vnto Ierusalem is the Fountaine Callyrhoe greatly commended for the medicinable heate thereof which taketh hys name of the renowne of his water Onely in thys Lande groweth Balme which kynde of Trée was not to be founde out of y â— compasse of twenty acres of grounde vnto the time that wee conquered the Countrey But after that we had gotten Iewry those groues were so spredde abroade that nowe very large Hylles doo yeelde vs Balme The stocks of them are like vines they are sette of slyppes they weâ—e lustie with dygging about the rootes they delight in water they loue proyning and are shadowed continually with their own leaues which stick fast The wood of the stemme béeing touched wyth yron dyeth without delay and therefore they be cunningly slytted eyther with glasse or with Knyues of boane and that onely in the Barke out of which issueth a Gumme of excellent swiftnesse Next after the Gum the second place of price is gyuen to y e Apples the thyrd to the rynde and the last to the woode A great way from Ierusalem lyeth a sorrowful coaste which was striken from heauen as appeareth by the soyle thereof which is black and resolued into Ashes There were two Townes the one named Sodom the other Gomorrhe and there groweth an Apple which though it séeme to bee rype yet canne it not bee eaten For wythin the skynne that