to_o the_o grant_n whether_o it_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o grant_n and_o the_o modus_fw-la concessionis_fw-la or_o whether_o it_o be_v a_o distinct_a thing_n and_o aliud_fw-la from_o the_o grant_n for_o so_o the_o print_a case_n represent_v their_o opinion_n if_o the_o reservation_n of_o the_o tenure_n and_o the_o grant_v of_o the_o land_n be_v aliud_fw-la &_o aliud_fw-la two_o distinct_a thing_n in_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o whole_a grant_v make_v and_o the_o authority_n give_v by_o the_o say_a commission_n for_o the_o make_v thereof_o then_o the_o patent_n may_v be_v void_a as_o to_o the_o tenure_n and_o yet_o good_a for_o the_o grant_v of_o the_o land_n but_o if_o the_o reservation_n of_o the_o tenure_n be_v incident_a unto_o the_o authority_n and_o include_v within_o it_o and_o the_o reservation_n of_o the_o tenure_n and_o the_o grant_v of_o the_o land_n make_v up_o but_o one_o entire_a grant_n so_o that_o the_o one_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o other_o and_o the_o reservation_n of_o the_o tenure_n be_v modus_fw-la concessionis_fw-la then_o the_o grant_n of_o the_o land_n reserve_v a_o diverse_a or_o contrary_a tenure_n to_o that_o which_o their_o nude_v authority_n do_v warrant_v they_o to_o reserve_v be_v a_o do_v of_o idem_fw-la alio_fw-la modo_fw-la and_o so_o the_o whole_a act_n be_v void_a they_o who_o plead_v for_o the_o validity_n of_o the_o letter_n patent_n as_o to_o the_o land_n and_o their_o be_v void_a only_o as_o to_o the_o tenure_n urge_v among_o other_o argument_n that_o tenor_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v bring_v into_o england_n by_o the_o conquest_n but_o grant_n be_v by_o the_o common-law_n and_o therefore_o grant_v be_v more_o ancient_a than_o tenor_n the_o tenure_n must_v of_o necessity_n be_v aliud_fw-la from_o the_o thing_n grant_v and_o to_o prove_v that_o this_o tenure_n come_v in_o with_o the_o conqueror_n they_o cite_v mr._n selden_n in_o his_o spicileg_n ad_fw-la eadmerum_fw-la p._n 194._o where_o he_o have_v that_o out_o of_o bracton_n de_fw-fr acquir_n rerum_fw-la dominio_fw-la b._n 2._o forinsecum_fw-la servitium_fw-la dicitur_fw-la regale_n servitium_fw-la quia_fw-la spectat_fw-la ad_fw-la dominum_fw-la regem_fw-la &_o non_fw-la ad_fw-la alium_fw-la &_o secundum_fw-la quod_fw-la in_o conquestu_fw-la fuit_fw-la adinventum_fw-la but_o this_o argument_n and_o the_o authority_n be_v both_o over-ruld_a and_o it_o be_v affirm_v that_o tenor_n be_v not_o bring_v into_o england_n by_o the_o conqueror_n but_o be_v common_a among_o the_o saxon_n their_o answer_n to_o mr._n selden_n opinion_n with_o the_o reason_n upon_o which_o they_o ground_v their_o position_n i_o will_v transcribe_v at_o large_a from_o the_o print_a case_n the_o book_n be_v very_o scarce_o and_o this_o the_o only_a point_n wherein_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n be_v concern_v it_o be_v answer_v that_o mr._n selden_n in_o that_o place_n do_v bare_o recite_v the_o word_n of_o bracton_n not_o deliver_v any_o opinion_n of_o his_o own_o for_o in_o that_o book_n cite_v pag._n 170._o and_o in_o his_o title_n of_o honour_n the_o last_o edition_n p._n 612._o we_o find_v that_o he_o be_v of_o another_o opinion_n and_o that_o this_o tenure_n be_v in_o use_n in_o england_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o saxon_n what_o be_v those_o thani_fw-la majores_fw-la or_o thani_fw-la regis_fw-la among_o the_o saxon_n but_o the_o king_n immediate_a tenant_n of_o land_n which_o they_o hold_v by_o personal_a service_n as_o of_o the_o king_n person_n by_o grand_a serjeanty_n or_o knights-service_n in_o capite_fw-la the_o land_n so_o hold_v be_v in_o those_o time_n call_v thainland_n as_o land_v hold_v in_o socage_n be_v call_v reveland_n so_o frequent_o in_o doomsday_n haec_fw-la terra_fw-la fuit_fw-la terra_fw-la regis_fw-la edwardi_fw-la thainland_n sed_fw-la postea_fw-la conversa_fw-la est_fw-la in_o reveland_n coke_n instit_n sect._n 117._o after_o some_o year_n that_o follow_v the_o come_n of_o the_o norman_n the_o title_n of_o thane_n grow_v out_o of_o use_n and_o that_o of_o baron_n and_o barony_n succeed_v for_o thane_n and_o thainland_n whereby_o we_o may_v understand_v the_o true_a and_o original_a reason_n of_o that_o which_o we_o have_v in_o the_o lord_n cromwel_n case_n 2._o coke_n 81._o that_o every_o barony_n of_o ancient_a time_n be_v hold_v by_o grand_a serjeanty_n by_o that_o tenure_n be_v the_o thain-land_n hold_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o saxon_n and_o those_o thain-land_n be_v the_o same_o that_o be_v after_o call_v barony_n it_o be_v true_a the_o possession_n of_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n be_v first_o make_v subject_n to_o knights-service_n in_o capite_fw-la by_o william_n the_o conqueror_n in_o the_o four_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n for_o their_o land_n be_v hold_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o saxon_n in_o pura_fw-la &_o perpetua_fw-la eleemosyna_fw-la free_a ab_fw-la omni_fw-la servitio_fw-la saeculari_fw-la but_o he_o than_o turn_v their_o possession_n into_o barony_n and_o so_o make_v they_o baron_n of_o the_o kingdom_n by_o tenure_n so_o that_o as_o to_o they_o this_o tenure_n and_o service_n may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v in_o conquestu_fw-la adinventum_fw-la but_o the_o thain-land_n be_v hold_v by_o that_o tenure_n before_o as_o the_o king_n thane_n be_v a_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la so_o the_o thanus_n mediocris_fw-la or_o middle_a thane_n be_v only_o a_o tenant_n by_o knights-service_n that_o either_o hold_v of_o a_o mean_a lord_n and_o not_o immediate_o of_o the_o king_n or_o at_o the_o least_o of_o the_o king_n as_o of_o a_o honour_n or_o manor_n and_o not_o in_o capite_fw-la what_o be_v that_o trinoda_fw-it necessitas_fw-la which_o so_o often_o occur_v in_o the_o grant_n of_o the_o saxon_a king_n under_o this_o form_n exceptisistis_fw-la tribus_fw-la expeditione_n arcis_fw-la &_o pontis_fw-la exstructione_fw-la see_v it_o in_o a_o charter_n of_o king_n etbeldred_n in_o the_o preface_n to_o coke_n 6._o report_n etc._n etc._n but_o that_o which_o be_v after_o express_v by_o salvo_n forinseco_fw-la bracton_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 26._o &_o 35._o 12._o edw._n 1._o guard_n 152._o 26._o ass_n 66._o selden_n analect_n anglobrit_fw-mi 78._o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v say_v that_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n be_v mistake_v who_o in_o his_o glossary_a verbo_fw-la feudum_fw-la refer_v the_o original_n of_o feud_n in_o england_n to_o the_o norman_a conquest_n it_o be_v most_o manifest_a that_o capite_fw-la tenor_n tenor_n by_o knights-service_n tenor_n in_o socage_n frank-almoigne_a etc._n etc._n be_v frequent_a in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o saxon_n and_o if_o we_o will_v believe_v what_o be_v cite_v out_o of_o a_o old_a french_a customary_a in_o a_o ms._n treatise_n of_o the_o antiquity_n of_o tenor_n in_o england_n which_o be_v in_o many_o man_n hand_n all_o those_o tenor_n be_v in_o use_n long_o before_o the_o saxon_n even_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o britain_n there_o it_o be_v say_v the_o first_o british_a king_n divide_v britain_n into_o four_o part_n and_o give_v one_o part_n to_o the_o arch-flamen_n to_o pray_v for_o he_o and_o his_o posterity_n a_o second_o part_n he_o give_v to_o his_o earl_n and_o nobility_n to_o do_v he_o knights-service_n a_o three_o he_o divide_v among_o husbandman_n to_o hold_v of_o he_o in_o socage_n the_o four_o part_n he_o give_v to_o mechanical_a person_n to_o hold_v in_o burgage_n but_o that_o testimony_n be_v wave_v there_o be_v little_a certainty_n or_o truth_n in_o the_o british_a story_n before_o the_o time_n of_o caesar_n neither_o will_v they_o make_v use_n of_o that_o which_o we_o be_v teach_v by_o william_n roville_n of_o alenzon_n in_o his_o preface_n to_o the_o grand_a customier_n of_o normandy_n that_o all_o those_o custom_n among_o which_o these_o tenor_n be_v be_v first_o bring_v into_o normandy_n out_o of_o england_n by_o edward_n the_o confessor_n beside_o that_o which_o have_v be_v say_v we_o find_v feud_n both_o the_o name_n and_o thing_n in_o the_o law_n of_o those_o time_n among_o the_o law_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n cap._n 35._o where_o it_o be_v thus_o provide_v debent_fw-la enim_fw-la universi_fw-la liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la &_o secundum_fw-la feodum_fw-la suum_fw-la &_o secundum_fw-la tenementa_fw-la sua_fw-la arma_fw-la habere_fw-la &_o illa_fw-la semper_fw-la prompta_fw-la conservare_fw-la ad_fw-la tuitionem_fw-la regni_fw-la &_o servitium_fw-la dominorum_fw-la suorum_fw-la etc._n etc._n lambard_n archaionom_fw-la 135._o this_o law_n be_v after_o confirm_v by_o william_n the_o conqueror_n vid._n coke_n instit_n sect._n 103._o as_o these_o tenor_n be_v common_a in_o those_o time_n so_o be_v all_o the_o fruit_n of_o they_o homage_n fealty_n escuage_z relief_n wardship_n for_o releif_n we_o have_v full_a testimony_n in_o the_o relief_n of_o their_o earl_n and_o thanes_z for_o which_o see_v the_o law_n of_o king_n canutus_n cap._n 66_o &_o 69._o the_o law_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n cap._n de_fw-fr heterochiis_fw-la and_o what_o out_o of_o the_o book_n of_o doomsday_n coke_n have_v in_o his_o instit_n sect._n
&_o seqq_n a_o name_n not_o well_o agree_v with_o feodal_n servitude_n but_o it_o seem_v by_o divers_a abby-book_n that_o some_o estate_n for_o life_n which_o we_o call_v frank_n tenement_n be_v also_o put_v in_o writing_n especial_o among_o the_o latter_a saxon_n yet_o be_v not_o these_o account_v bocland_n for_o they_o be_v lade_v common_o with_o many_o feodal_n and_o ministerial_a service_n whereas_o bocland_n as_o i_o say_v be_v free_a from_o all_o service_n not_o hold_v of_o any_o lord_n the_o very_a same_o that_o allodium_fw-la descendable_a according_a to_o the_o common_a course_n of_o nation_n and_o of_o nature_n unto_o all_o the_o son_n and_o therefore_o call_v gavelkind_a not_o restrain_v to_o the_o elder_a son_n as_o feodal_a land_n be_v not_o at_o first_o but_o devisable_v also_o by_o will_n and_o thereupon_o call_v terrae_fw-la testamentales_fw-la as_o the_o thane_n that_o possess_v they_o be_v say_v to_o be_v testamento_fw-la dignus_fw-la folcland_n folcland_n be_v terra_fw-la vulgi_fw-la the_o land_n of_o the_o vulgar_a people_n who_o have_v no_o estate_n therein_o but_o hold_v the_o same_o under_o such_o rent_n and_o service_n as_o be_v accustom_v or_o agree_v of_o at_o the_o will_v only_o of_o their_o lord_n the_o thane_n and_o it_o be_v therefore_o not_o put_v in_o writing_n but_o account_v proedium_fw-la rusticum_fw-la &_o ignobile_fw-la but_o both_o the_o great_a and_o the_o lesser_a thanes_z which_o possess_v bocland_n or_o hereditary_a land_n divide_v they_o according_a to_o the_o proportion_n of_o their_o estate_n inland_a into_o two_o sort_n i_o e._n into_o inland_n and_o outland_n 864._o the_o inland_n be_v that_o which_o lie_v next_o or_o most_o convenient_a for_o the_o lord_n mansion-house_n as_o within_o the_o view_n thereof_o and_o therefore_o they_o keep_v that_o part_n in_o their_o own_o hand_n for_o supportation_n of_o their_o family_n and_o hospitality_n the_o norman_n afterward_o call_v these_o land_n terras_fw-la dominicales_fw-la the_o demain_v or_o lord_n land_n the_o german_n terras_fw-la indominicatas_fw-la land_n in_o the_o lord_n be_v own_o use_n the_o feudist_n terras_fw-la curtiles_n or_o intra_fw-la curtem_fw-la land_n appropriate_a to_o the_o court_n or_o house_n of_o the_o lord_n outland_n outland_n be_v that_o which_o lie_v beyond_o or_o out_o from_o among_o the_o inland_n or_o demean_n and_o be_v not_o grant_v out_o to_o any_o tenant_n hereditary_o but_o like_o our_o copy-holds_a of_o ancient_a time_n have_v their_o original_n from_o thence_o mere_o at_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o lord_n cujacius_n 12._o speak_v of_o this_o kind_n of_o land_n call_v it_o proprium_fw-la feudum_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v such_o land_n as_o be_v proper_o assign_v for_o feodal_n land_n proprium_fw-la feudum_fw-la est_fw-la say_v he_o extra_fw-la curtem_fw-la &_o consistit_fw-la in_o praediis_fw-la as_o if_o he_o shall_v say_v that_o land_n proper_o be_v a_o feud_n or_o feudal_n land_n which_o lie_v without_o the_o demain_v of_o the_o manor_n and_o consist_v in_o land_n not_o in_o house_n we_o now_o call_v this_o outland_n the_o tenant_n land_n or_o the_o tenancy_n and_o so_o it_o be_v translate_v out_o of_o biritrick_n will_n in_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n 495._o this_o outland_n they_o subdivide_v into_o two_o part_n whereof_o one_o part_n they_o dispose_v among_o such_o as_o attend_v on_o their_o person_n either_o in_o war_n or_o peace_n call_v theoden_n or_o lesser_a thanes_z after_o the_o manner_n of_o knight_n fee_n but_o much_o differ_v from_o they_o of_o our_o time_n as_o by_o that_o which_o follow_v shall_v appear_v the_o other_o part_n they_o allot_v to_o their_o husbandman_n who_o they_o term_v ceorl_n that_o be_v carl_n or_o churl_n and_o of_o they_o we_o shall_v speak_v far_o by_o and_o by_o when_o we_o consider_v all_o the_o degree_n aforesaid_a beginning_n with_o the_o earl_n chap._n vi_o of_o earl_n among_o our_o saxon_n ancient_o a_o earl_n in_o the_o signification_n of_o comes_n be_v not_o original_o a_o degree_n of_o dignity_n as_o it_o be_v with_o we_o at_o this_o day_n but_o of_o office_n and_o judicature_n in_o some_o city_n or_o portion_n of_o the_o country_n circumscribe_v ancient_o with_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o bishopric_n of_o that_o diocese_n for_o that_o the_o bishop_n and_o the_o earl_n then_o sit_v together_o in_o one_o court_n and_o hear_v joint_o the_o cause_n of_o church_n and_o commonwealth_n as_o they_o yet_o do_v in_o parliament_n but_o in_o process_n of_o time_n the_o earl_n grow_v to_o have_v the_o government_n common_o of_o the_o chief_a city_n and_o castle_n of_o his_o territory_n and_o withal_o a_o three_o part_n of_o the_o king_n profit_n arise_v by_o the_o court_n of_o justice_n fines_n forfeiture_n escheat_n etc._n etc._n annex_v to_o the_o office_n of_o his_o earldom_n yet_o all_o this_o not_o otherwise_o than_o at_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o king_n which_o common_o be_v upon_o good_a behaviour_n and_o but_o during_o life_n at_o most_o this_o be_v apparent_a by_o the_o severe_a injunction_n of_o king_n alfred_n the_o great_a labour_v 21._o to_o plant_v literature_n and_o knowledge_n among_o the_o ignorant_a earl_n and_o sheriff_n of_o his_o kingdom_n impose_v upon_o they_o that_o they_o shall_v forthwith_o in_o all_o diligence_n apply_v themselves_o to_o the_o study_n of_o wisdom_n and_o knowledge_n or_o else_o forgo_v their_o office_n herewith_o say_v asser_n menevensis_n who_o live_v at_o that_o time_n and_o be_v great_a with_o the_o king_n the_o earl_n and_o sheriff_n be_v so_o affright_v that_o they_o rather_o choose_v insuetam_fw-la disciplinam_fw-la quam_fw-la laboriose_fw-la discere_fw-la quam_fw-la potestatum_fw-la ministeria_fw-la dimittere_fw-la that_o be_v to_o go_v at_o last_o to_o the_o school_n of_o knowledge_n how_o painful_a soever_o rather_o than_o to_o lose_v their_o office_n of_o authority_n and_o degree_n of_o honour_n which_o alfred_n there_o also_o declare_v that_o they_o have_v not_o by_o inheritance_n but_o by_o god_n gift_n and_o he_o dei_fw-la say_v he_o ibid._n dono_fw-la &_o meo_fw-la sapientium_fw-la ministeria_fw-la &_o gradus_fw-la usurpatis_fw-la this_o be_v manifest_a by_o divers_a other_o authority_n and_o example_n in_o my_o glossary_n in_o verbo_fw-la comes_fw-la as_o the_o reader_n if_o he_o please_v may_v there_o see_v hereditary_a some_o conjecture_n that_o deira_n and_o bernicia_n in_o northumberland_n and_o mercia_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o england_n be_v feudal_n and_o hereditary_a earldom_n in_o the_o saxon_a time_n those_o of_o northumberland_n present_o after_o their_o first_o arrival_n under_o hengistus_n about_o the_o year_n 447._o that_o of_o mercia_n by_o the_o gift_n of_o alfred_n the_o great_a about_o the_o year_n 900._o to_o ethelredus_fw-la a_o man_n of_o power_n in_o way_n of_o marriage_n with_o his_o daughter_n ethelfleda_n but_o for_o aught_o i_o see_v it_o be_v neither_o prove_v by_o the_o succession_n of_o those_o earldom_n nor_o our_o author_n of_o antiquity_n for_o my_o own_o part_n i_o think_v it_o not_o strange_a that_o there_o be_v not_o at_o the_o entry_n of_o the_o saxon_n a_o feudal_n and_o hereditary_a earldom_n in_o all_o christendom_n as_o for_o this_o our_o britain_n the_o misery_n of_o it_o than_o be_v such_o as_o it_o rather_o seem_v a_o anarchy_n and_o chaos_n than_o in_o any_o form_n of_o government_n little_o better_a even_o in_o alfred_n day_n through_o the_o fury_n of_o the_o dane_n though_o he_o at_o last_o subdue_v they_o for_o his_o time_n how_o soever_o three_o or_o four_o example_n in_o five_o hundred_o year_n before_o the_o conquest_n differ_v from_o the_o common_a use_n be_v no_o inference_n to_o overthrow_v it_o especial_o in_o time_n unsettled_a and_o tumultuous_a the_o noble_a earldom_n of_o arundel_n in_o our_o day_n of_o peace_n differ_v in_o constitution_n from_o all_o the_o other_o earldom_n of_o england_n yet_o that_o impeach_v not_o their_o common_a manner_n of_o succession_n france_n loyseau_n â—lt_n and_o pasquier_n learned_a frenchmen_n speak_v of_o the_o duke_n and_o earl_n of_o france_n which_o england_n ordinary_o follow_v and_o sometime_o too_o near_o the_o heel_n justify_v at_o large_a what_o i_o have_v say_v show_v the_o duke_n and_o earl_n in_o the_o roman_a empire_n from_o who_o example_n other_o every_o where_o be_v derive_v be_v like_o the_o proconsul_n and_o precedent_n of_o province_n simple_a officer_n who_o for_o their_o entertainment_n have_v nothing_o else_o but_o certain_a right_n and_o custom_n raise_v from_o the_o people_n which_o we_o in_o england_n call_v tertium_fw-la denarium_fw-la and_o that_o the_o duke_n and_o earl_n of_o france_n be_v officer_n in_o like_a manner_n but_o have_v the_o seigneurie_n of_o their_o territory_n annex_v to_o their_o office_n so_o that_o they_o be_v officer_n and_o vassal_n both_o at_o once_o that_o be_v to_o say_v officer_n by_o way_n of_o judicature_n and_o vassal_n who_o we_o call_v feodal_n tenant_n for_o their_o seignory_n of_o dukedom_n and_o
earldom_n but_o say_v they_o tenue_n neant_fw-la moiens_fw-fr en_fw-fr fief_n a_fw-fr vie_fw-fr etc._n etc._n hold_v notwithstanding_o as_o a_o fief_n for_o life_n not_o hereditary_a nor_o patrimonial_a in_o the_o beginning_n as_o afterward_o they_o be_v this_o change_n they_o assign_v to_o have_v be_v begin_v about_o the_o end_n of_o the_o first_o line_n of_o their_o king_n who_o be_v at_o that_o time_n weak_a and_o simple_a man_n the_o duke_n and_o earl_n take_v opportunity_n to_o make_v their_o estate_n hereditary_a but_o it_o continue_v not_o long_o for_o the_o first_o king_n of_o the_o second_o line_n reduce_v they_o present_o to_o conformity_n yet_o some_o there_o be_v in_o the_o remote_a province_n that_o maintain_v themselves_o hereditary_a in_o despite_n of_o the_o king_n whereupon_o ensue_v many_o war_n thus_o far_o both_o these_o author_n do_v concur_v and_o then_o loyseau_n add_v further_a that_o at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o second_o line_n hugh_n capet_n have_v make_v himself_o king_n of_o france_n permit_v all_o to_o hold_v their_o dukedom_n earldom_n and_o seigneury_n hereditary_o and_o take_v homage_n of_o they_o as_o of_o hereditary_a fief_n each_o party_n oblige_v themselves_o to_o support_v the_o other_o and_o their_o posterity_n in_o those_o dignity_n as_o hereditary_o this_o happen_v in_o france_n a_o little_a before_o the_o conquest_n of_o england_n and_o from_o this_o precedent_n of_o hugh_n capet_n do_v our_o william_n the_o conqueror_n make_v the_o earldom_n and_o feud_n in_o england_n first_o hereditary_a as_o we_o have_v already_o show_v in_o the_o second_o chapter_n so_o that_o i_o conclude_v as_o i_o assume_v in_o the_o beginning_n that_o the_o saxon_a earldom_n be_v not_o hereditary_a nor_o otherwise_o feodal_n if_o we_o shall_v so_o term_v they_o than_o for_o life_n whereon_o neither_o wardship_n nor_o marriage_n etc._n etc._n can_v depend_v yet_o i_o confess_v that_o the_o duke_n and_o earl_n of_o the_o saxon_a time_n both_o have_v and_o may_v have_v great_a possession_n in_o other_o land_n as_o patrimonial_a and_o hereditary_a namely_o their_o thaneland_n and_o in_o what_o condition_n they_o possess_v they_o it_o shall_v appear_v anon_o when_o we_o come_v to_o speak_v more_o at_o large_a of_o thanes_z and_o thaneland_n chap._n vii_o of_o ceorl_n and_o that_o they_o be_v ordinary_o but_o as_o tenant_n at_o will_n or_o have_v land_n hold_v not_o by_o knight-service_n ceorl_n the_o division_n before_o mention_v which_o the_o saxon_n make_v of_o their_o own_o degree_n lead_v i_o in_o this_o next_o place_n though_o not_o orderly_o to_o speak_v of_o the_o ceorle_fw-mi that_o be_v of_o the_o carl_n or_o churl_n and_o husbandman_n the_o ancient_n call_v he_o in_o latin_a villanus_fw-la not_o as_o we_o ordinary_o take_v it_o for_o a_o bondman_n but_o for_o he_o that_o dwell_n in_o a_o village_n or_o country_n town_n live_v by_o the_o country_n course_n of_o husbandry_n mr._n lambard_n therefore_o to_o decline_v the_o misconceive_a of_o the_o word_n villanus_fw-la do_v render_v it_o in_o the_o saxon_a law_n by_o paganus_fw-la which_o signify_v the_o same_o that_o villanus_fw-la do_v according_a to_o the_o french_a for_o a_o villager_n but_o not_o according_a to_o our_o english_a for_o a_o bondman_n our_o saxon_n otherwhile_o do_v term_v they_o like_o the_o dutchman_n boor_n that_o be_v such_o as_o live_v by_o tilth_n or_o graze_a and_o by_o work_n of_o husbandry_n such_o be_v the_o ceorl_n among_o the_o saxon_n but_o of_o two_o sort_n one_o that_o hire_v the_o lord_n outland_n or_o tenementary_a land_n call_v also_o the_o folcland_n like_o our_o farmer_n the_o other_o that_o till_v and_o manure_v his_o inland_n or_o demean_n yield_v operam_fw-la not_o censum_fw-la work_n and_o not_o rend_v and_o be_v thereupon_o call_v his_o socman_n or_o ploughman_n these_o no_o doubt_n be_v oftentimes_o his_o very_a bondman_n i_o therefore_o shall_v not_o meddle_v with_o they_o but_o will_v hold_v i_o to_o the_o first_o sort_n who_o have_v ordinary_o no_o land_n of_o their_o own_o live_v upon_o the_o outlands_n before_o mention_v of_o their_o lord_n the_o thane_n as_o custumary_a tenant_n at_o his_o will_n after_o the_o usual_a manner_n of_o that_o time_n render_v unto_o he_o a_o certain_a portion_n of_o victual_n and_o thing_n necessary_a for_o hospitality_n this_o rent_n or_o retribution_n they_o call_v feorme_v but_o the_o word_n in_o the_o saxon_a signify_v meat_n or_o victual_n and_o though_o we_o have_v ever_o since_o henry_n ii_n time_n change_v this_o reservation_n of_o victual_n into_o money_n yet_o in_o let_v our_o land_n we_o still_o retain_v the_o name_n of_o fearm_n and_o fearmer_n unto_o this_o day_n the_o quantity_n of_o the_o fearme_n or_o rent_n for_o every_o ploughland_n seem_v in_o those_o time_n to_o have_v be_v certain_a in_o every_o country_n according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o place_n king_n ina_n in_o his_o 70._o law_n do_v make_v it_o so_o through_o all_o the_o territory_n of_o the_o westsaxon_n as_o you_o may_v see_v with_o much_o more_o touch_v this_o matter_n in_o my_o glossary_n verbo_fw-la firma_n ceorl_n but_o insomuch_o as_o the_o chief_a part_n of_o the_o fruit_n and_o profit_n of_o the_o land_n thus_o manure_v by_o the_o ceorl_n or_o husbandman_n redound_v to_o the_o benefit_n of_o their_o lord_n and_o not_o of_o the_o ceorl_n themselves_o the_o roman_n count_v they_o to_o be_v as_o bondman_n and_o not_o freeman_n caesar_n therefore_o speak_v of_o they_o while_o they_o be_v yet_o in_o germany_n 116._o say_v plebs_fw-la pene_fw-la servorum_fw-la habebatur_fw-la loco_fw-la that_o their_o common_a people_n be_v in_o a_o manner_n bondman_n and_o tacitus_n to_o the_o same_o purpose_n 132._o caeteris_fw-la seruis_fw-la mean_v these_o ceorl_n or_o husbandman_n non_fw-la in_fw-la nostrum_fw-la morem_fw-la descriptis_fw-la per_fw-la familiam_fw-la ministeriis_fw-la utuntur_fw-la svam_fw-la cuique_fw-la sedem_fw-la suos_fw-la penates_fw-la regit_fw-la frumenti_fw-la modum_fw-la dominus_fw-la aut_fw-la pecoris_fw-la aut_fw-la vestis_fw-la ut_fw-la colono_fw-la injungit_fw-la et_fw-fr servus_n hactenus_fw-la paret_fw-la but_o this_o service_n be_v no_o bondage_n for_o the_o ceorl_n or_o husbandman_n may_v as_o well_o leave_v this_o land_n at_o his_o will_n as_o the_o lord_n may_v put_v he_o from_o it_o at_o his_o will_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v provide_v by_o the_o law_n of_o ina_n 65._o in_o what_o manner_n he_o shall_v leave_v the_o land_n when_o he_o depart_v from_o it_o to_o another_o place_n and_o the_o writ_n of_o waste_n in_o fitz-herbert_n c._n seem_v to_o show_v that_o they_o may_v depart_v if_o they_o be_v not_o then_o well_o use_v it_o be_v apparent_a also_o that_o the_o ceorl_n be_v of_o free_a condition_n for_o that_o his_o person_n be_v value_v as_o a_o member_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n in_o the_o law_n of_o aethelstan_n weregild_n and_o his_o least_o valuation_n be_v there_o reckon_v to_o be_v 200s._o whereas_o the_o bondman_n be_v not_o value_v at_o all_o for_o that_o he_o be_v not_o as_o i_o say_v any_o part_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n but_o of_o his_o master_n substance_n nor_o be_v he_o capable_a of_o any_o public_a office_n but_o the_o ceorl_n though_o he_o have_v no_o land_n may_v rise_v to_o be_v the_o leader_n of_o his_o countryman_n and_o to_o use_v the_o armour_n of_o a_o thane_n or_o knight_n ibid._n viz._n a_o helmet_n a_o habergeon_n and_o a_o gilt_n sword_n and_o if_o his_o wealth_n so_o increase_v as_o that_o he_o become_v owner_n of_o five_o hide_n of_o land_n the_o valuation_n of_o his_o person_n which_o they_o call_v his_o be_v or_o weregild_n be_v increase_v to_o two_o thousand_o thrimsa_n that_o be_v six_o thousand_o shilling_n and_o be_v then_o also_o adorn_v with_o other_o mark_n of_o dignity_n he_o be_v count_v for_o a_o thane_n as_o you_o shall_v see_v in_o the_o next_o chapter_n knight's-fee_n but_o for_o all_o this_o a_o ceorl_n or_o husbandman_n though_o he_o be_v a_o freeman_n be_v not_o by_o the_o feodal_n law_n of_o that_o and_o late_a time_n capable_a of_o a_o knights-fee_n or_o land_n hold_v by_o military_a service_n and_o therefore_o what_o land_n soever_o he_o purchase_v be_v to_o be_v intend_v land_n of_o no_o such_o tenure_n and_o it_o appear_v further_a by_o the_o law_n of_o aethelstan_n that_o the_o five_o hide_n of_o land_n before_o mention_v purchase_v by_o the_o ceorl_n be_v descendable_a to_o his_o posterity_n which_o show_v also_o that_o they_o be_v not_o feodal_a land_n for_o that_o feud_n at_o that_o time_n be_v not_o here_o descendable_a as_o we_o have_v often_o declare_v so_o that_o i_o hope_v i_o may_v conclude_v that_o the_o ceorl_n or_o husbandman_n among_o the_o saxon_n hold_v no_o land_n by_o our_o tenure_n of_o knight-service_n chap._n viii_o of_o thanes_z and_o their_o several_a kind_n see_v then_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o question_n will_v rest_v whole_o upon_o the_o
of_o a_o fine_a as_o be_v common_a in_o all_o case_n of_o feodal_n tenor_n empire_n this_o have_v some_o show_n of_o our_o escuage_z and_o may_v well_o have_v take_v that_o name_n from_o the_o manner_n of_o summons_n use_v in_o the_o empire_n which_o be_v by_o erect_v a_o post_n or_o pillar_n and_o hang_v a_o shield_n at_o the_o top_n thereof_o a_o herald_n proclaim_v that_o all_o who_o hold_v in_o this_o manner_n shall_v at_o such_o a_o day_n attend_v the_o emperor_n in_o his_o voyage_n to_o rome_n for_o take_v the_o crown_n of_o italy_n or_o king_n of_o roman_n which_o the_o ligurine_a poet_n thus_o express_v 301._o ligno_fw-la suspenditur_fw-la alte_fw-la erecto_fw-la clypeus_fw-la tunc_fw-la praeco_fw-la regius_fw-la omnes_fw-la convocat_n a_o dominis_fw-la feudalia_fw-la jura_fw-la tenentes_fw-la etc._n etc._n as_o we_o have_v show_v in_o our_o glossary_a verbo_fw-la feudum_fw-la he_o use_v clypeus_fw-la for_o a_o shield_n instead_o of_o scutum_fw-la and_o from_o this_o shield_n i_o say_v it_o may_v well_o be_v call_v scutagium_fw-la as_o also_o from_o the_o service_n perform_v in_o it_o cum_fw-la hasta_fw-la &_o scuto_fw-la yet_o this_o summons_n be_v not_o call_v schiltbannum_n but_o heribannum_fw-la that_o be_v indictio_fw-la exercitus_fw-la not_o indictio_fw-la sâ—uti_fw-la but_o to_o keep_v near_o the_o matter_n first_o our_o saxon_n neither_o use_v the_o name_n nor_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o norman_a escuage_z for_o they_o call_v their_o go_v to_o war_n upon_o legal_a summons_n firdfare_n and_o utfare_n in_o latin_a expeditionem_fw-la and_o profectionem_fw-la second_o they_o be_v not_o tie_v to_o any_o definite_a time_n of_o abode_n as_o for_o forty_o day_n or_o more_o or_o less_o but_o as_o the_o law_n say_v 10._o sÆ¿a_o a_o ðon_n ðearf_n sy_n for_o gemeneâ—â—â—re_a neode_n so_o as_o need_v shall_v require_v for_o common_a necessity_n three_o the_o mulct_n or_o forfeiture_n that_o the_o tenant_n in_o escuage_z incur_v for_o not_o go_v forth_o upon_o that_o summons_n be_v uncertain_a among_o the_o norman_n and_o we_o till_o the_o parliament_n assign_v it_o but_o among_o the_o saxon_n he_o that_o offend_v in_o ferdwite_n that_o be_v in_o not_o go_v forth_o in_o the_o expedition_n be_v certain_o fine_v at_o 120_o 13._o four_o whereas_o every_o lord_n among_o we_o have_v the_o fine_a assess_v by_o parliament_n of_o his_o own_o tenant_n for_o the_o land_n hold_v of_o himself_o the_o king_n among_o the_o saxon_n have_v the_o fine_a aforesaid_a of_o every_o delinquent_n who_o tenant_n or_o follower_n soever_o he_o be_v by_o all_o the_o law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o be_v to_o say_v by_o the_o west-saxon_a law_n by_o the_o mercian_n and_o by_o the_o dane_n law_n though_o otherwise_o they_o differ_v 69._o in_o their_o heriot_n and_o many_o particular_a custom_n so_o that_o to_o talk_v of_o escuage_z among_o the_o saxon_n be_v without_o all_o colour_n or_o probability_n as_o i_o take_v it_o chap._n xxiii_o no_o feodal_n escheat_n of_o hereditary_a land_n among_o the_o saxon_n escheat_n escheat_n of_o eschoeir_n in_o french_a signify_v thing_n come_v accidental_o as_o on_o the_o by_o or_o by_o chance_n the_o fâ—odists_n therefore_o call_v they_o caduca_fw-la a_fw-la cadendo_fw-la and_o excadentias_fw-la the_o black_a book_n of_o the_o exchequer_n escaetas_n excidentia_fw-la and_o excadentia_fw-la but_o among_o our_o saxon_n i_o find_v no_o word_n to_o express_v they_o either_o proper_o or_o paraphrastical_o in_o our_o law_n they_o be_v of_o two_o sort_n regal_a escheat_n and_o feodal_n regal_a be_v those_o obvention_n and_o forfeiture_n which_o belong_v general_o to_o king_n by_o the_o ancient_a right_n of_o their_o crown_n and_o supreme_a dignity_n thus_o king_n david_n give_v the_o land_n of_o mephibosheth_n accuse_v of_o treason_n unto_o ziba_n though_o too_o hasty_o feodal_n be_v those_o which_o accrue_v to_o every_o feodal_n lord_n as_o well_o as_o to_o the_o king_n by_o reason_n of_o his_o seignory_n and_o of_o all_o the_o fruit_n of_o tenure_n none_o so_o great_a as_o this_o if_o we_o may_v call_v it_o a_o fruit_n where_o the_o feud_n or_o tree_n itself_o result_v back_o unto_o the_o lord_n let_v we_o see_v therefore_o if_o we_o find_v any_o of_o these_o feodal_n escheat_n among_o the_o saxon_n examine_v there_o be_v a_o shrewd_a text_n i_o confess_v in_o canutus_n his_o law_n qui_fw-la fugiet_fw-la à _fw-la domino_fw-la svo_fw-la vel_fw-la socio_fw-la pro_fw-la timiditate_fw-la in_o expeditione_n navali_fw-la vel_fw-la terrestri_fw-la perdat_fw-la omne_fw-la quod_fw-la suum_fw-la est_fw-la &_o svam_fw-la ipsius_fw-la vitam_fw-la &_o manus_fw-la mittat_fw-la dominus_fw-la ad_fw-la terram_fw-la quam_fw-la ei_fw-la dederat_fw-la &_o si_fw-la terram_fw-la haereditariam_fw-la habeat_fw-la ipsa_fw-la in_o manum_fw-la regis_fw-la transeat_fw-la here_o be_v the_o appearance_n of_o a_o tenure_n of_o a_o feud_n of_o a_o forfeiture_n and_o of_o a_o escheat_n the_o tenure_n lie_v between_o the_o lord_n and_o his_o fugitive_a vassal_n who_o the_o saxon_n and_o german_n call_v his_o man_n we_o his_o tenant_n the_o feud_n in_o the_o land_n quam_fw-la dâ—mâ—nus_fw-la â—i_fw-la dederat_fw-la the_o forfeiture_n in_o fugiendo_fw-la in_o the_o vassal_n run_v away_o and_o the_o escheat_n in_o the_o lord_n be_v seize_v of_o the_o land_n manus_fw-la mittat_fw-la dominus_fw-la in_o terram_fw-la quam_fw-la ei_fw-la dederat_fw-la let_v the_o lord_n take_v back_o the_o estate_n which_o he_o give_v in_o the_o temporary_a feud_n but_o for_o the_o hereditary_a land_n he_o say_v transeat_fw-la non_fw-la redeat_fw-la in_fw-la manum_fw-la regis_fw-la all_o this_o be_v nothing_o in_o our_o case_n for_o i_o declare_v in_o the_o beginning_n that_o our_o question_n be_v fix_v upon_o such_o feud_n as_o the_o law_n of_o england_n take_v notice_n of_o at_o this_o day_n that_o be_v of_o feud_n after_o they_o be_v become_v hereditary_a and_o perpetual_a not_o of_o those_o mention_v by_o gerardus_n niger_n which_o be_v temporary_a as_o at_o will_n of_o the_o lord_n or_o for_o year_n or_o for_o life_n like_v they_o here_o intend_v by_o canutus_n this_o very_a law_n observe_v the_o difference_n and_o discover_v also_o that_o feud_n be_v not_o hereditary_a in_o his_o time_n and_o therefore_o give_v the_o feodal_a land_n be_v but_o a_o temporary_a estate_n back_o unto_o the_o lord_n in_o who_o the_o reversion_n be_v by_o inheritance_n as_o a_o feodal_n right_n but_o give_v the_o hereditary_a land_n unto_o the_o king_n as_o a_o regal_a escheat_n for_o that_o there_o be_v no_o mean_a or_o intervenient_a lord_n to_o claim_v they_o by_o any_o feodal_a tenure_n for_o that_o the_o hereditary_a land_n among_o the_o saxon_n otherwise_o call_v bocland_n be_v hold_v of_o no_o body_n nor_o subject_n to_o any_o feodal_a service_n as_o we_o have_v often_o declare_v and_o can_v not_o therefore_o escheat_n unto_o any_o feodal_a lord_n the_o kentish_a custom_n of_o the_o father_n to_o the_o bough_n and_o the_o son_n to_o the_o plough_n suggest_v as_o much_o and_o show_v also_o to_o have_v be_v the_o general_a use_n of_o england_n till_o the_o conqueror_n introduce_v hereditary_a feud_n put_v upon_o we_o therewith_o these_o great_a feodal_n servitude_n of_o wardship_n marriage_n escheat_n etc._n etc._n so_o that_o the_o hereditary_a land_n not_o be_v feodal_n in_o the_o saxon_n time_n nor_o the_o feodal_a land_n hereditary_a there_o can_v then_o be_v no_o feodal_a escheat_n among_o they_o and_o i_o take_v it_o to_o be_v considerable_a whether_o the_o land_n resume_v by_o the_o lord_n upon_o his_o vassal's_n running_n away_o be_v proper_o a_o escheat_n by_o the_o law_n of_o canutus_n or_o rather_o a_o penalty_n only_o impose_v in_o this_o particular_a case_n chap._n xxiv_o thaneland_n and_o reveland_n what_o no_o mark_n of_o tenure_n but_o distinction_n of_o land-holders_n thaneland_n there_o be_v yet_o another_o assertion_n rather_o show_v than_o prove_v 34._o that_o the_o thani_fw-la majores_fw-la or_o king_n thanes_z hold_v by_o personal_a service_n of_o the_o king_n person_n by_o grand_a serjanty_n or_o knights-service_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o the_o reason_n follow_v be_v that_o the_o land_n so_o hold_v be_v in_o those_o time_n call_v thaneland_n as_o land_v reveland_n hold_v in_o socage_n be_v call_v reveland_n so_o frequent_o in_o doomsday_n 〈…〉_z haec_fw-la terra_fw-la fuit_fw-la terra_fw-la regis_fw-la edwardi_fw-la thainland_n sed_fw-la postea_fw-la conversa_fw-la est_fw-la in_o reveland_n coke_n instit_n §_n 117._o thus_o the_o report_n discharge_v itself_o upon_o my_o lord_n coke_n who_o word_n be_v these_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o in_o the_o book_n of_o doomsday_n land_n hold_v by_o knights-service_n be_v call_v thainland_n and_o land_n hold_v by_o socage_n be_v call_v reveland_n i_o reverence_v the_o opinion_n of_o that_o famous_a lawyer_n with_o admiration_n but_o i_o suppose_v he_o speak_v not_o this_o ex_fw-la tripod_n juridico_fw-la for_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o it_o and_o that_o which_o be_v before_o deliver_v out_o of_o the_o
for_o some_o portion_n also_o of_o their_o out-land_n these_o be_v after_o call_v feoda_fw-it rustica_fw-la beyond_o the_o sea_n with_o we_o socage-land_n and_o be_v hold_v at_o pleasure_n of_o their_o lord_n either_o by_o render_v part_n of_o the_o profit_n thereupon_o grow_v or_o rear_v as_o victual_n especial_o in_o saxon_a call_v feorm_n etc._n etc._n whereof_o see_v the_o rate_n in_o the_o law_n of_o king_n ina_n chap._n 70._o or_o by_o do_v some_o work_n of_o husbandry_n upon_o the_o lord_n inland_n now_o call_v his_o demean_n as_o tillage_n carriage_n harvest-work_n etc._n etc._n among_o all_o these_o diversity_n of_o service_n none_o come_v so_o near_o to_o the_o nature_n of_o feud_n and_o tenor_n as_o the_o beneficiary_n do_v let_v we_o therefore_o consider_v they_o the_o more_o serious_o by_o that_o notable_a pattern_n of_o they_o leave_v unto_o we_o from_o bishop_n oswald_n who_o divide_v much_o of_o the_o land_n of_o his_o church_n of_o worcester_n into_o those_o kind_n of_o portion_n which_o after_o the_o feodal_n word_n then_o in_o use_n he_o call_v beneficia_fw-la grant_v the_o same_o unto_o his_o thanes_z and_o follower_n not_o by_o the_o name_n of_o his_o milites_fw-la or_o tenentes_fw-la but_o of_o his_o fidos_fw-la subditos_fw-la for_o the_o term_n of_o three_o life_n according_a to_o the_o manner_n which_o they_o retain_v in_o those_o part_n even_o to_o this_o day_n and_o reserve_v to_o his_o church_n and_o successor_n not_o homagium_fw-la &_o sâ—rvitium_fw-la the_o material_a word_n in_o tenure_n to_o create_v knights-service_n in_o the_o feodal_n law_n but_o the_o service_n mention_v in_o his_o charter_n secundum_fw-la conventionem_fw-la cum_fw-la eye_n factam_fw-la &_o sponsionem_fw-la svam_fw-la as_o the_o very_a word_n be_v there_o express_o but_o hear_v the_o charter_n or_o rather_o epistle_n as_o he_o himself_o call_v it_o which_o the_o king_n confirm_v and_o a_o council_n the_o aranga_n or_o preamble_n of_o it_o be_v a_o thankful_a acknowledgement_n of_o king_n edgar_n bounty_n and_o goodness_n to_o he_o the_o bishop_n and_o his_o church_n the_o conclusion_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o those_o time_n a_o curse_n and_o heavy_a imprecation_n against_o all_o such_o as_o shall_v spoil_v or_o violate_v the_o same_o both_o which_o be_v long_o and_o nothing_o to_o our_o purpose_n i_o think_v convenient_a here_o to_o pretermit_v the_o rest_n be_v as_o follow_v under_o the_o title_n give_v it_o in_o the_o manuscript_n chap._n xxvi_o the_o charter_n whereby_o oswald_n bishop_n of_o worcester_n dispose_v divers_a land_n of_o his_o church_n after_o the_o feodal_n manner_n of_o that_o time_n entitle_v indiculum_fw-la libertatis_fw-la de_fw-la oswaldes-lawes-hundred_n domino_fw-la meo_fw-la charissimo_fw-la regi_fw-la anglorum_fw-la edgaro_n ego_fw-la oswaldus_n wigorniensis_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la episcopus_fw-la etc._n etc._n quare_fw-la quomodo_fw-la fidos_fw-la mihi_fw-la subditos_fw-la telluribus_fw-la quae_fw-la meae_fw-la traditae_fw-la sunt_fw-la potestati_fw-la per_fw-la spatium_fw-la temporis_fw-la trium_fw-la hominum_fw-la id_fw-la est_fw-la duorum_fw-la post_fw-la se_fw-la haeredum_fw-la condonarem_fw-la placuit_fw-la tam_fw-la mihi_fw-la quam_fw-la ipsis_fw-la fautoribus_fw-la &_o consiliariis_fw-la meis_fw-la cum_fw-la ipsius_fw-la domini_fw-la mei_fw-la regis_fw-la licentia_fw-la &_o attestatione_n ut_fw-la fratribus_fw-la meis_fw-la successoribus_fw-la scil_n episcopis_fw-la per_fw-la chirographi_fw-la cautionem_fw-la apertius_fw-la enuclearem_fw-la ut_fw-la sciant_fw-la quid_fw-la ab_fw-la eye_n extorquere_fw-la just_a debeant_fw-la secundum_fw-la conventionem_fw-la cum_fw-la eye_n factam_fw-la &_o sponsionem_fw-la svam_fw-la unde_fw-la &_o hanc_fw-la epistolam_fw-la ob_fw-la cautelae_fw-la causam_fw-la componere_fw-la studui_fw-la nequis_fw-la malignae_fw-la cupiditatis_fw-la instinctu_fw-la hoc_fw-la sequenti_fw-la tempore_fw-la mutare_fw-la volens_fw-la abjurare_fw-la a_o servitio_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la queat_fw-la haec_fw-la itaque_fw-la conventio_fw-la cum_fw-la eye_n facta_fw-la est_fw-la ipso_fw-la domino_fw-la meo_fw-la rege_fw-la annuente_fw-la &_o sua_fw-la attestatione_n munificentae_fw-la suae_fw-la largitatem_fw-la roborante_a &_o confirmante_fw-la omnibusque_fw-la ipsius_fw-la regiminis_fw-la sapientibus_fw-la &_o principibus_fw-la attestantibus_fw-la &_o consentientibus_fw-la hoc_fw-la pacto_fw-la eye_n terras_fw-la sanctae_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la sub_fw-la i_o tenere_fw-la concessi_fw-la hoc_fw-la est_fw-la ut_fw-la omnis_fw-la equitandi_fw-la lex_fw-la ab_fw-la eye_n impleatur_fw-la quae_fw-la ad_fw-la equites_fw-la pertinet_fw-la &_o ut_fw-la pleniter_fw-la persolvant_fw-la omne_fw-la quae_fw-la ad_fw-la jus_o ipsius_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la just_a competunt_fw-la scil_n ea_fw-la quae_fw-la anglice_fw-la dicuntur_fw-la ciricsceott_n &_o toll_n id_fw-la est_fw-la thelonium_fw-la &_o tacc_n id_fw-la est_fw-la swinseade_n &_o cetera_fw-la jura_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la nisi_fw-la episcopus_fw-la alicui_fw-la eorum_fw-la quid_fw-la pardonare_fw-la voluerit_fw-la seseque_fw-la quamdiu_fw-la ipsas_fw-la terras_fw-la tenent_fw-la in_o mandatis_fw-la pontificis_fw-la humiliter_fw-la cum_fw-la omni_fw-la subjectione_n perseverare_fw-la etiam_fw-la jurejurando_fw-la affirment_fw-la super_fw-la haec_fw-la etiam_fw-la ad_fw-la omnis_fw-la industriae_fw-la episcopi_fw-la indigentiam_fw-la semet_fw-la ipsos_fw-la praesto_fw-la impendant_fw-la equos_fw-la praestent_fw-la ipsi_fw-la equitent_a &_o ad_fw-la totum_fw-la piramiticum_fw-la opus_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la calcis_fw-la atque_fw-la ad_fw-la pontis_fw-la aedificum_fw-la ultro_fw-la inveniantur_fw-la parati_fw-la sed_fw-la &_o venationis_fw-la sepem_fw-la domini_fw-la episcopi_fw-la ultronei_fw-la ad_fw-la aedificandum_fw-la repperiantur_fw-la suaque_fw-la quandocunque_fw-la domino_fw-la episcopo_fw-la libuerit_fw-la venabula_fw-la destinent_a venatum_fw-la insuper_fw-la ad_fw-la multas_fw-la alius_fw-la indigentiae_fw-la causas_fw-la quibus_fw-la opus_fw-la est_fw-la domino_fw-la antistiti_fw-la saepe_fw-la furnisci_fw-la sive_fw-la ad_fw-la suum_fw-la servitium_fw-la sive_fw-la ad_fw-la regale_n explendum_fw-la semper_fw-la illius_fw-la archiductoris_fw-la dominatui_fw-la &_o voluntati_fw-la qui_fw-la episcopatui_fw-la praesidet_fw-la propter_fw-la beneficium_fw-la quod_fw-la illis_fw-la praestitum_fw-la est_fw-la cum_fw-la omni_fw-la humilitate_fw-la &_o subjectione_n subditi_fw-la fiant_fw-la secundum_fw-la ipsius_fw-la voluntatem_fw-la &_o terrarum_fw-la quas_fw-la cuique_fw-la possidet_fw-la quantitatem_fw-la decurso_fw-la autem_fw-la praefati_fw-la temporis_fw-la curriculo_fw-la viz._n duorum_fw-la qui_fw-la post_fw-la eos_fw-la qui_fw-la eas_fw-la mode_n possident_fw-la haeredum_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la spatio_fw-la in_fw-la ipsius_fw-la antistitis_fw-la sit_fw-la arbitrio_fw-la quid_fw-la inde_fw-la velit_fw-la &_o quomodo_fw-la svi_fw-la velle_fw-la sit_fw-la inde_fw-la ita_fw-la stet_fw-la sive_fw-la ad_fw-la suum_fw-la opus_fw-la eas_fw-la retinere_fw-la si_fw-la sic_fw-la sibi_fw-la utile_fw-la judicaverit_fw-la sive_fw-la eas_fw-la alicui_fw-la diutius_fw-la praestare_fw-la si_fw-la sic_fw-la sibi_fw-la placuerit_fw-la velit_fw-la ita_fw-la duntaxat_fw-la ut_fw-la semper_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la servitia_fw-la pleniter_fw-la ut_fw-la praefati_fw-la sumus_fw-la inde_fw-la persolvantur_fw-la ast_n si_fw-la quid_fw-la praefatorum_fw-la delicti_fw-la praevaricantis_fw-la causa_fw-la defuerit_fw-la jurum_fw-la praevaricationis_fw-la delictum_fw-la secundum_fw-la quod_fw-la praesulis_fw-la jus_o est_fw-la emendet_fw-la aut_fw-la illo_fw-la quo_fw-la antea_fw-la potitus_fw-la est_fw-la dono_fw-la &_o terra_fw-la careat_fw-la siquis_fw-la vero_fw-la diabolo_fw-it instigante_fw-la etc._n etc._n charter_n the_o sum_n of_o all_o aforesaid_a be_v that_o the_o bishop_n tenant_n shall_v pay_v and_o do_v as_o follow_v first_o that_o they_o shall_v perform_v all_o duty_n that_o belong_v to_o horseman_n that_o they_o shall_v pay_v all_o thing_n that_o be_v due_a unto_o the_o church_n and_o perform_v all_o other_o right_n that_o belong_v to_o it_o that_o they_o shall_v swear_v to_o be_v in_o all_o humble_a subjection_n at_o the_o command_n of_o the_o bishop_n as_o long_o as_o they_o shall_v hold_v these_o land_n of_o he_o that_o as_o often_o as_o the_o occasion_n of_o the_o bishop_n shall_v so_o require_v they_o shall_v present_v themselves_o to_o be_v ready_a for_o it_o and_o shall_v both_o furnish_v he_o with_o horse_n and_o ride_v themselves_o that_o of_o their_o own_o accord_n they_o shall_v be_v ready_a to_o perform_v all_o the_o work_n about_o the_o steeple_n of_o that_o church_n and_o for_o the_o build_n of_o castle_n and_o bridges_n that_o they_o shall_v ready_o help_v to_o fence_v in_o the_o bishop_n park_n and_o to_o furnish_v he_o with_o hunt_v weapon_n when_o he_o go_v a_o hunt_n that_o in_o many_o other_o case_n when_o the_o occasion_n of_o the_o lord_n bishop_n shall_v require_v whether_o it_o be_v for_o his_o own_o service_n or_o for_o the_o king_n service_n they_o shall_v in_o all_o humbleness_n and_o subjection_n be_v obedient_a to_o the_o chief_a captain_n or_o leader_n of_o the_o bishopric_n for_o the_o grant_v benefit_n do_v unto_o they_o and_o the_o quantity_n of_o land_n which_o every_o one_o of_o they_o possess_v that_o after_o the_o expiration_n of_o the_o three_o life_n the_o land_n shall_v return_v again_o to_o the_o bishopric_n that_o if_o there_o be_v any_o defect_n in_o perform_v the_o premise_n by_o reason_n that_o some_o shall_v vary_v or_o break_v the_o agreement_n the_o delinquent_n shall_v make_v satisfaction_n according_a to_o the_o justice_n of_o the_o bishop_n or_o shall_v forfeit_v the_o land_n which_o he_o have_v of_o his_o gift_n i_o suppose_v that_o this_o be_v the_o common_a manner_n of_o grant_n and_o reservation_n in_o those_o
heir_n upon_o every_o gift_n grant_v and_o alienation_n though_o no_o word_n be_v speak_v of_o they_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o feodal-law_n from_o whence_o all_o that_o part_n of_o our_o common-law_n that_o concern_v tee_fw-mi and_o tenor_n have_v original_a and_o which_o our_o common-law_n also_o affirm_v that_o there_o be_v always_o due_a ....._o 〈…〉_z those_o that_o thus_o receive_v their_o territory_n from_o the_o king_n be_v say_v to_o hold_v they_o in_o capite_fw-la for_o that_o the_o king_n be_v caput_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o be_v thereupon_o call_v capitanei_fw-la regis_fw-la and_o capitanei_fw-la regni_fw-la otherwise_o barones_n regis_n the_o king_n man_n tenant_n or_o vassal_n who_o have_v all_o the_o land_n divide_v among_o they_o save_v that_o which_o the_o king_n reserve_v to_o himself_o as_o sacrum_n patrimonium_fw-la be_v also_o call_v pares_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o be_v always_o upon_o commandment_n about_o the_o person_n of_o the_o king_n to_o defend_v he_o and_o his_o territory_n in_o war_n and_o to_o counsel_n and_o advise_v he_o in_o peace_n either_o judicial_o in_o matter_n of_o law_n bring_v before_o the_o king_n in_o his_o palace_n which_o in_o those_o day_n be_v the_o only_a place_n of_o royal_a justice_n or_o political_o in_o the_o great_a affair_n of_o the_o kingdom_n hereupon_o they_o be_v not_o only_o 216._o call_v praetorianum_fw-la consilium_fw-la as_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n palace_n but_o magnum_fw-la concilium_fw-la regis_fw-la and_o magnum_fw-la concilium_fw-la regni_fw-la for_o that_o in_o those_o time_n it_o belong_v only_o to_o they_o to_o consult_v with_o the_o king_n on_o state-matter_n and_o matter_n of_o the_o kingdom_n insomuch_o as_o no_o other_o in_o the_o kingdom_n possess_v any_o thing_n but_o under_o they_o and_o therefore_o as_o in_o despotical_a government_n the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o the_o master_n of_o the_o family_n conclude_v the_o menial_a and_o the_o whole_a family_n so_o the_o agreement_n and_o disagreement_n of_o the_o chief_a lord_n or_o he_o that_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la conclude_v all_o that_o depend_v on_o he_o or_o claim_v under_o he_o in_o any_o matter_n touch_v his_o fee_n or_o tenure_n to_o this_o purpose_n seem_v that_o in_o the_o 17._o law_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n ratify_v by_o the_o conqueror_n debet_fw-la etiam_fw-la rex_fw-la omne_fw-la ritè_fw-la facere_fw-la in_o regno_fw-la &_o per_fw-la judicium_fw-la procâ—rum_fw-la regni_fw-la these_o great_a lord_n according_a to_o this_o archetype_n of_o government_n set_v they_o by_o the_o king_n divide_v their_o land_n in_o like_a manner_n among_o their_o tenant_n and_o follower_n first_o they_o assign_v a_o portion_n ad_fw-la victum_fw-la &_o vestitum_fw-la suum_fw-la which_o they_o commit_v over_o to_o their_o socman_n and_o husbandman_n to_o furnish_v they_o with_o corn_n victual_n and_o provision_n for_o hospitality_n and_o brief_o all_o thing_n necessary_a to_o their_o domestical_a and_o civil_a part_n of_o life_n the_o residue_n they_o divide_v into_o as_o many_o share_n or_o portion_n as_o may_v well_o maintain_v so_o many_o military_a man_n who_o then_o they_o call_v their_o knight_n and_o thereupon_o the_o share_n themselves_o knights-fee_n i._n e._n stipendia_fw-la militaria_fw-la and_o these_o fee_n they_o grant_v over_o to_o each_o of_o their_o principal_a follower_n furnish_v they_o with_o so_o many_o knight_n for_o the_o war_n these_o grantee_n that_o receive_v their_o estate_n from_o the_o baron_n or_o capitanei_fw-la and_o not_o from_o the_o king_n be_v call_v valvasore_n a_o degree_n above_o knight_n and_o be_v unto_o their_o lord_n the_o capitanei_fw-la or_o barones_n regis_fw-la as_o they_o the_o capitanei_fw-la be_v unto_o the_o king_n and_o do_v in_o like_a manner_n subdivide_v their_o land_n among_o their_o socman_n and_o military_a follower_n who_o in_o old_a time_n be_v call_v valvasini_n who_o i_o take_v to_o be_v the_o same_o at_o this_o day_n that_o be_v the_o lord_n of_o every_o manor_n if_o not_o those_o themselves_o that_o we_o call_v knight_n as_o owner_n of_o a_o knights-fee_n for_o in_o this_o the_o feodal-law_n itself_o be_v doubtful_a and_o various_a as_o of_o a_o thing_n lose_v by_o antiquity_n or_o make_v uncertain_a by_o the_o differ_a manner_n of_o several_a nation_n insomuch_o that_o valvasore_n and_o valvasini_n grow_v to_o be_v confound_v and_o both_o of_o they_o at_o last_o to_o be_v out_o of_o use_n and_o no_o other_o military_a tenor_n to_o be_v know_v among_o we_o than_o tenere_fw-la pâ—r_fw-la baroniam_fw-la and_o tenere_fw-la per_fw-la feodum_fw-la militare_fw-la but_o in_o a_o comitatib_n charter_n of_o henr._n i._n it_o be_v say_v si_fw-la exurgat_fw-la placitum_fw-la de_fw-la divisione_n terrarum_fw-la si_fw-la interest_n barones_n meos_fw-la dominicos_fw-la tractetur_fw-la in_o curia_fw-la mea_fw-la &_o si_fw-la inter_fw-la vavassores_fw-la duorum_fw-la dominorum_fw-la tractetur_fw-la in_o comitatu_fw-la etc._n etc._n where_o the_o valvasore_n be_v also_o and_o the_o baron_n themselves_o 8._o suitor_n and_o attendant_n bracton_n mention_v they_o in_o henry_n iii_n time_n to_o be_v 4._o viri_fw-la magnae_fw-la dignitatis_fw-la nor_o be_v their_o memory_n clean_o go_v in_o richard_n ii_n day_n as_o appear_v by_o chaucer_n yet_o do_v i_o not_o find_v in_o any_o of_o our_o ancient_a law_n or_o monument_n that_o they_o stand_v in_o any_o classic_n kind_a of_o tenure_n other_o than_o that_o we_o may_v account_v the_o baron_n vavasor_n and_o knight_n to_o be_v as_o our_o lawyer_n at_o this_o day_n term_v they_o the_o chief_a lord_n mesne_n and_o tenant_n but_o herein_o the_o feodal-law_n of_o our_o country_n differ_v from_o that_o of_o milan_n and_o other_o part_n for_o there_o the_o valvasini_n can_v invest_v which_o we_o call_v infeosse_v none_o under_o they_o in_o fee_n that_o be_v to_o hold_v of_o they_o by_o knights-service_n and_o with_o we_o every_o tenant_n par_fw-fr aval_a might_n in_o infinitum_fw-la till_o the_o statute_n of_o quia_fw-la emptores_fw-la terrarum_fw-la enfeoffe_v another_o by_o knight-service_n and_o to_o do_v all_o the_o service_n unto_o he_o that_o he_o do_v to_o his_o mesne_n lord_n so_o that_o by_o this_o mean_n a_o line_n of_o knights-service_n may_v be_v create_v of_o a_o dozen_o yea_o twenty_o mean-lord_n and_o tenant_n wherein_o every_o of_o they_o may_v have_v his_o prochine_n tenant_n oblige_v unto_o he_o in_o the_o duty_n and_o service_n that_o his_o lord_n paramont_n which_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n be_v to_o do_v and_o yield_v unto_o the_o king_n himself_o for_o the_o same_o land_n viz._n honour_n ward_n sustenance_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr safety_n marriage_n  _fw-fr give_v keep_v  _fw-fr attendance_n relief_n counsel_n to_o aid_n defence_n of_o his_o person_n tribute_n fidelity_n  _fw-fr defence_n of_o his_o patrimony_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr all_o which_o in_o ancient_a time_n while_o the_o feodal-law_n flourish_v be_v well_o understand_v to_o be_v comprehend_v under_o the_o profession_n of_o homage_n and_o the_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n which_o every_o feodal_n tenant_n or_o as_o other_o call_v he_o vassal_n usual_o do_v unto_o his_o lord_n honour_n 1._o promise_v by_o the_o tenant_n upon_o his_o knee_n in_o do_v homage_n which_o though_o it_o be_v the_o great_a and_o most_o submiss_a service_n that_o a_o freeman_n can_v do_v unto_o his_o lord_n yet_o the_o profession_n of_o it_o to_o the_o mean_a subject_n be_v as_o ample_a and_o submiss_a yea_o in_o the_o very_a same_o word_n that_o to_o the_o king_n himself_o attendance_n 284._o to_o follow_v and_o attend_v he_o in_o the_o war_n at_o his_o own_o charge_n and_o in_o peace_n with_o suit_n of_o court_n therefore_o tacitus_n call_v they_o comites_fw-la defence_n of_o his_o person_n for_o if_o he_o forsake_v his_o lord_n be_v in_o danger_n it_o be_v forfeiture_n of_o life_n land_n and_o all_o he_o have_v defence_n of_o his_o signiory_n that_o nothing_o of_o his_o land_n rent_n or_o service_n be_v withhold_v or_o withdraw_v profit_n by_o ward_n marriage_n and_o relief_n as_o they_o fall_v tribute_n by_o way_n of_o aid_n to_o make_v his_o elder_a son_n a_o knight_n to_o marry_v his_o elder_a daughter_n 133._o ransom_n himself_o be_v take_v prisoner_n yea_o in_o some_o place_n to_o be_v a_o hostage_n for_o his_o lord_n sustenance_n ibid._n that_o be_v fall_v into_o poverty_n according_a to_o that_o in_o the_o canon_n law_n speak_v of_o a_o patron_n alatur_fw-la egenus_fw-la counsel_n and_o advice_n in_o which_o respect_n the_o tenant_n be_v bind_v ordinary_o once_o in_o every_o three_o week_n to_o come_v to_o his_o lord_n court_n and_o there_o as_o a_o judge_n with_o other_o of_o his_o peer_n to_o censure_v the_o cause_n of_o his_o signiory_n and_o to_o direct_v his_o lord_n as_o the_o cause_n occurrent_a do_v require_v and_o always_o to_o keep_v his_o counsel_n this_o to_o the_o mean_a lord_n be_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o king_n be_v great_a court_n or_o counsel_n call_v afterward_o a_o parlyment_n fidelity_n for_o
charta_fw-la scripta_fw-la est_fw-la anno_fw-la dominicae_fw-la incarnationis_fw-la 958._o ethelredus_fw-la ethelredi_n mundi_fw-la denique_fw-la status_fw-la christi_fw-la moderatoris_fw-la disponente_fw-la etc._n etc._n ego_fw-la ethelredus_fw-la totius_fw-la albionis_fw-la basileus_n cuidam_fw-la mihi_fw-la obsequentium_fw-la aethelwoldo_n vocitatione_n pro_fw-la ejus_fw-la placabili_fw-la obsequio_fw-la quandam_fw-la terrae_fw-la particulam_fw-la i._n e._n decem_o manentia_fw-la in_o loco_fw-la quem_fw-la coloni_fw-la maningforde_n appellant_n in_o perpetuam_fw-la concedo_fw-la haereditatem_fw-la quatenus_fw-la ille_fw-la bene_fw-la perfruatur_fw-la ac_fw-la prosper_v possideat_fw-la quamdiu_fw-la presenti_fw-la fruitur_fw-la vita_fw-la &_o post_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la suae_fw-la terminum_fw-la cuicunque_fw-la sibi_fw-la placuerit_fw-la haeredi_fw-la derelinquat_fw-la sit_fw-la autem_fw-la praesata_fw-la terra_fw-la liberrima_fw-la ab_fw-la omni_fw-la munduali_fw-la obstaculo_fw-la cum_fw-la omnibus_fw-la ad_fw-la eam_fw-la pertinentibus_fw-la in_o campis_fw-la &_o pascuis_fw-la pratisque_fw-la ac_fw-la cursibus_fw-la aquarum_fw-la tribus_fw-la tantummodo_fw-la causis_fw-la exceptis_fw-la i._n e._n expeditione_n pontis_fw-la arcisve_fw-la restauratione_fw-la si_fw-mi quis_fw-la autem_fw-la hanc_fw-la donationem_fw-la pervertere_fw-la studuerit_fw-la perpetuae_fw-la maledictionis_fw-la incurrat_fw-la reatum_fw-la &_o gehennae_fw-la aeternum_fw-la sustineat_fw-la incendium_fw-la nisi_fw-la mortis_fw-la ante_fw-la exitum_fw-la hanc_fw-la praesumptionem_fw-la emendare_fw-la curaverit_fw-la istis_fw-la terminis_fw-la ambitur_fw-la praefata_fw-la tellus_fw-la ær_v of_o eastreƿeardan_n etc._n etc._n so_o king_n ethelred_n in_o the_o charter_n to_o his_o thane_n sealwyne_n grant_v five_o cassato_n in_o readdn_n cum_fw-la omnibus_fw-la etc._n etc._n cuicunque_fw-la sibi_fw-la libuerit_fw-la cleronomo_fw-la direlinquat_fw-la haereditate_fw-la etc._n etc._n sit_fw-la autem_fw-la istud_fw-la praefatum_fw-la rus_fw-la liberrimum_fw-la ab_fw-la omni_fw-la mundali_fw-la obstaculo_fw-la in_o magnis_fw-la ac_fw-la modicis_fw-la campis_fw-la pascuis_fw-la pratis_fw-la tribus_fw-la tantummodo_fw-la rationabiliter_fw-la rebus_fw-la exceptis_fw-la quae_fw-la 7._o usuali_fw-la ritu_fw-la observantur_fw-la i._n e._n cum_fw-la glomerata_fw-la sibi_fw-la expeditioni_fw-la compulerit_fw-la populari_fw-la commilitonum_fw-la confligere_fw-la castra_fw-la atque_fw-la cum_fw-la sua_fw-la petivit_fw-la pontis_fw-la titubantia_fw-la muniri_fw-la vada_fw-la ac_fw-la cum_fw-la concinni_fw-la turma_fw-la urbium_fw-la indigent_a muniri_fw-la stabiliter_fw-la septa_fw-la etc._n etc._n dat._n anno_fw-la dominicae_fw-la incarnate_a 1014._o indict_v 12._o 〈◊〉_d 2._o in_o nomine_fw-la dei_fw-la almi_fw-la &_o agiae_fw-la sophiae_fw-la etc._n etc._n idcirco_fw-la ego_fw-la cnute_n rex_fw-la anglorum_fw-la gubernator_fw-la &_o rector_n quandam_fw-la ruris_fw-la portionem_fw-la decem_fw-la &_o septem_fw-la viz._n terrae_fw-la mansas_fw-la illo_fw-la in_o loco_fw-la ubi_fw-la jamdudum_fw-la solicolae_fw-la illius_fw-la regionis_fw-la nomen_fw-la imposuerunt_fw-la at_o abbodesbury_n meo_fw-la fideli_fw-la ministro_fw-la quem_fw-la notis_fw-la affine_n orc_n appellare_fw-la solent_fw-la in_fw-la perpetuam_fw-la confirmo_fw-la haereditatem_fw-la quatenus_fw-la ille_fw-la bene_fw-la perfruatur_fw-la ac_fw-la perpetualiter_fw-la possideat_fw-la quamdiu_fw-la deus_fw-la per_fw-la svam_fw-la ineffabilem_fw-la misericordiam_fw-la vitam_fw-la illi_fw-la &_o vitalem_fw-la spiritum_fw-la concedere_fw-la voluerit_fw-la deinde_fw-la namque_fw-la sibi_fw-la succedenti_fw-la cuicunque_fw-la voluerit_fw-la cleronomi_fw-la jure_fw-la haereditario_fw-la derelinquat_fw-la ceu_fw-la supra_fw-la diximus_fw-la in_o aeternam_fw-la haereditatem_fw-la maneat_fw-la igitur_fw-la hoc_fw-la nostrum_fw-la donum_fw-la immobile_fw-la aeterna_fw-la libertate_fw-la jocundum_fw-la cum_fw-la universis_fw-la quae_fw-la ad_fw-la eundem_fw-la locum_fw-la pertinere_fw-la dinoscuntur_fw-la tam_fw-la in_o magnis_fw-la quam_fw-la in_o modicis_fw-la rebus_fw-la in_fw-la campis_fw-la pascuis_fw-la pratis_fw-la rivulis_fw-la silvis_fw-la aquarumque_fw-la cursibus_fw-la excepto_fw-la communi_fw-la labour_v quod_fw-la omnibus_fw-la liquid_a patet_fw-la viz._n expeditione_n pontis_fw-la constructione_n arcisve_fw-la munitione_n si_fw-mi quis_fw-la autem_fw-la etc._n etc._n confess_v and_o king_n edward_n the_o confessor_n grant_v dvas_fw-la mansas_fw-la &_o dimidiam_fw-la in_o wudeton_n etc._n etc._n to_o thola_n widow_n of_o the_o foresay_a orc_n who_o in_o a_o saxon_a charter_n he_o call_v his_o man_n that_o be_v his_o thane_n say_v thus_o in_o aeternam_fw-la haereditatem_fw-la concedo_fw-la quatenus_fw-la illa_fw-la habeat_fw-la &_o perpetualiter_fw-la possideat_fw-la hanc_fw-la meam_fw-la regalem_fw-la donationem_fw-la quamdiu_fw-la vivat_fw-la &_o post_fw-la obitum_fw-la suum_fw-la cuicunque_fw-la voluerit_fw-la haeredi_fw-la relinquat_fw-la sit_fw-la autem_fw-la praefatum_fw-la rus_fw-la liberum_fw-la ab_fw-la omni_fw-la seculari_fw-la gravedine_fw-la tam_fw-la in_o magnis_fw-la quam_fw-la in_o modicis_fw-la rebus_fw-la in_fw-la campis_fw-la pascuis_fw-la pratis_fw-la silvis_fw-la aquarumque_fw-la decursibus_fw-la tribus_fw-la exceptis_fw-la quae_fw-la omnibus_fw-la hominibus_fw-la communia_fw-la sunt_fw-la viz._n expeditione_n pontis_fw-la arcisve_fw-la restauratione_fw-la after_o all_o these_o i_o will_v yet_o add_v one_o other_o of_o king_n eadgar_n have_v somewhat_o of_o note_n above_o the_o rest_n as_o anon_o we_o shall_v observe_v it_o be_v make_v to_o the_o new_a monastery_n of_o hide_n near_o winchester_n in_o these_o word_n edgar_n ult_n annuente_fw-la altitoni_fw-la moderatoris_fw-la imperio_fw-la etc._n etc._n ego_fw-la edgar_n totius_fw-la britanniae_fw-la basileus_fw-la quasdam_fw-la villa_n ut_fw-la nominantur_fw-la dunketone_n habens_fw-la quinque_fw-la hidas_fw-la terrae_fw-la &_o ecclesiam_fw-la sueyse_fw-mi cum_fw-la 28._o hydis_fw-la terrae_fw-la etc._n etc._n concedo_fw-la in_o puram_fw-la &_o perpetuam_fw-la eleemosynam_fw-la novae_fw-la wintoniensi_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la beato_fw-la petro_n apostolorum_fw-la principi_fw-la dicatae_fw-la etc._n etc._n cum_fw-la omnibus_fw-la utensilibus_fw-la pratis_fw-la viz._n pascuis_fw-la rivulis_fw-la aeterna_fw-la largita_fw-la sint_fw-la haereditate_fw-la etc._n etc._n sint_fw-la autem_fw-la praedictae_fw-la villae_fw-la rus_fw-la mansiones_fw-la terrae_fw-la rivuli_fw-la omni_fw-la terrenae_fw-la servitutis_fw-la jugo_fw-la liberae_fw-la imperpetuum_fw-la tribus_fw-la exceptis_fw-la rata_fw-la viz._n expeditione_n pontis_fw-la arcisve_fw-la restauratione_fw-la si_fw-mi quis_fw-la autem_fw-la hanc_fw-la nostram_fw-la donationem_fw-la in_o aliud_fw-la quam_fw-la constituimus_fw-la transfer_v voluerit_fw-la privatus_fw-la consortio_fw-la sanctae_fw-la dei_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la aeternis_fw-la baratri_fw-la incendiis_fw-la etc._n etc._n puniatur_fw-la etc._n etc._n whatsoever_o the_o phrase_n be_v in_o the_o saxon_a original_a for_o i_o take_v this_o to_o be_v a_o translation_n of_o the_o norman_a time_n it_o here_o make_v the_o land_n to_o be_v give_v in_o franckalmoign_n but_o without_o mention_n of_o tenendum_fw-la and_o yet_o show_v that_o they_o be_v tie_v to_o expedition_n etc._n etc._n yea_o and_o call_v it_o notwithstanding_o puram_fw-la eleemosynam_fw-la whereas_o though_o in_o libera_fw-la eleemosyna_fw-la a_o rent_n in_o old_a deed_n have_v sometime_o be_v reserve_v yet_o can_v it_o not_o be_v call_v pura_fw-la if_o any_o rent_n or_o service_n at_o all_o be_v reserve_v to_o the_o donor_n i_o have_v recite_v these_o charter_n the_o more_o at_o large_a for_o that_o they_o apparent_o discover_v by_o many_o reason_n which_o we_o shall_v set_v forth_o in_o the_o next_o chapter_n that_o the_o thanes_z possess_v not_o their_o thaneland_n either_o by_o any_o feodal_a service_n or_o by_o way_n of_o tenure_n chap._n x._o observation_n upon_o the_o precedent_n charter_n show_v that_o the_o thaneland_n or_o expedition_n be_v not_o feodal_a or_o do_v lie_v in_o tenure_n these_o charter_n present_a unto_o we_o the_o general_a manner_n of_o grant_v and_o possess_v of_o thaneland_n among_o the_o saxon_n during_o the_o time_n of_o their_o monarchy_n till_o the_o very_a come_n of_o the_o norman_n and_o there_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v in_o they_o as_o in_o other_o before_o mention_v what_o hereafter_o follow_v war_n first_o that_o the_o word_n thane_n which_o be_v here_o and_o usual_o interpret_v minister_n that_o be_v a_o officer_n or_o servant_n of_o ðenian_n servire_fw-la note_v nothing_o belong_v proper_o to_o the_o war_n and_o be_v not_o therefore_o to_o be_v understand_v as_o bracton_n fanci_v the_o word_n barones_n to_o be_v quasi_fw-la robur_fw-la belli_fw-la or_o to_o import_v any_o matter_n either_o of_o feodal_n service_n or_o of_o tenure_n etc._n second_o that_o as_o we_o have_v former_o observe_v upon_o other_o charter_n so_o there_o be_v not_o in_o any_o of_o these_o now_o produce_v one_o word_n either_o of_o tenure_n or_o of_o feodal_n signification_n which_o present_o after_o the_o conquest_n become_v innumerable_a as_o bring_v in_o by_o the_o conqueror_n yet_o well_o may_v it_o be_v that_o edward_n the_o confessor_n have_v his_o education_n in_o normandy_n may_v as_o traveller_n use_v to_o do_v bring_v some_o norman_a word_n and_o manner_n into_o england_n tenere_fw-la three_o that_o instead_o of_o tenere_fw-la and_o tenendum_fw-la by_o which_o the_o norman_a feudist_n imply_v a_o clientary_a if_o not_o servile_a dependence_n that_o the_o tenant_n have_v upon_o the_o lord_n the_o saxon_n use_v habeat_fw-la possideat_fw-la fruatur_fw-la or_o perfruatur_fw-la and_o elsewhere_o gaudeat_fw-la word_n of_o freedom_n and_o immunity_n so_o likewise_o for_o tenementa_fw-la signify_v thing_n hold_v of_o a_o superior_a proprietary_n they_o use_v mansas_fw-la manentia_fw-la and_o mansiones_fw-la à _fw-la manendo_fw-la as_o place_n of_o abode_n or_o casatas_fw-la à _fw-la casa_fw-la for_o a_o dwellinghouse_n otherwise_o call_v hyda_o quasi_fw-la tectum_fw-la à _fw-la tegendo_fw-la include_v
beginning_n of_o this_o term_n viz._n octabis_n sancti_fw-la michaelis_fw-la &_o à _fw-la die_fw-la sancti_fw-la michaelis_fw-la in_o quindecim_fw-la dies_fw-la and_o consequent_o make_v the_o beginning_n of_o it_o fall_v a_o fortnight_n late_a than_o before_o wherefore_o the_o first_o day_n in_o this_o term_n will_v always_o be_v the_o twenty_o three_o day_n of_o october_n unless_o it_o happen_v to_o be_v sunday_n for_o than_o it_o must_v be_v defer_v till_o the_o day_n follow_v upon_o which_o account_n we_o find_v it_o according_o place_v on_o the_o twenty_o four_o for_o the_o year_n 1681._o this_o be_v all_o the_o alteration_n that_o statute_n mention_n and_o therefore_o for_o the_o end_n of_o michaelmass-term_n i_o refer_v the_o reader_n to_o what_o our_o author_n have_v say_v already_o in_o the_o 15_o the_o chapter_n it_o may_v not_o be_v amiss_o in_o pursuit_n of_o our_o author_n method_n to_o set_v down_o the_o motive_n of_o make_v this_o abbreviation_n as_o we_o find_v they_o 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regard_n of_o the_o necessity_n of_o their_o come_n to_o the_o say_a term_n so_o speedy_o after_o the_o feast_n of_o st._n michael_n the_o archangel_n to_o appear_v upon_o juries_n and_o to_o follow_v their_o cause_n and_o suit_n in_o the_o law_n sect_n v._o other_o consideration_n concern_v termtime_n have_v thus_o lay_v out_o the_o frame_n of_o the_o term_n both_o according_a to_o the_o ancient_n and_o modern_a constitution_n it_o remain_v that_o we_o speak_v something_o of_o other_o point_v proper_o incident_a to_o this_o part_n of_o our_o division_n touch_v termtime_n viz._n 1._o why_o the_o court_n sit_v not_o in_o the_o afternoon_n 2._o why_o not_o upon_o some_o whole_a day_n as_o on_o grand-day_n double_a feast_n and_o other_o exempt_v day_n and_o the_o reason_n of_o they_o 3._o why_o some_o law_n business_n may_v be_v do_v on_o day_n exempt_v 4._o why_o the_o end_n of_o michaelmass-term_n be_v sometime_o hold_v in_o advent_n and_o of_o hilary-term_n in_o septuagesima_fw-la sexagesima_fw-la and_o quinquagesima_fw-la 5._o why_o the_o assize_n be_v hold_v in_o lent_n and_o at_o time_n general_o prohibit_v by_o the_o church_n 6._o of_o return_v 7._o of_o the_o quarta_fw-la dies_fw-la post_fw-la 8._o why_o i_o have_v cite_v so_o much_o canon_n civil_a feodal_n and_o foreign_a law_n in_o this_o discourse_n with_o a_o excursion_n into_o the_o original_n of_o our_o law_n chap._n i._n why_o the_o high_a court_n sit_v not_o in_o the_o afternoon_n it_o be_v now_o to_o be_v consider_v why_o the_o high_a court_n of_o justice_n sit_v not_o in_o the_o afternoon_n for_o it_o be_v say_v in_o exodus_fw-la that_o moses_n judge_v the_o israelite_n 14._o from_o morning_n to_o evening_n and_o the_o roman_n use_v the_o afternoon_n as_o well_o as_o the_o forenoon_n yea_o many_o time_n the_o afternoon_n and_o not_o the_o forenoon_n as_o upon_o the_o day_n call_v endotercismi_n or_o intercisi_fw-la whereof_o the_o forenoon_n be_v nefastus_n or_o vacation_n and_o the_o afternoon_n 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jejuni_fw-la leges_fw-la &_o judicia_fw-la decernant_fw-la and_o in_o the_o council_n of_o salegunstad_n it_o be_v after_o decree_v ut_fw-la lectio_fw-la nicaeni_n concilii_fw-la recitetur_fw-la which_o be_v do_v in_o the_o word_n aforesaid_a the_o same_o be_v likewise_o there_o confirm_v according_a to_o this_o in_o the_o law_n of_o carolus_n magnus_n the_o emperor_n it_o be_v ordain_v 4._o logobard_v lib._n 2._o ut_fw-la judices_fw-la jejuni_fw-la causas_fw-la audiant_fw-la &_o discernant_fw-la and_o again_o in_o the_o 38._o capitular_o caroli_n &_o lodovici_n ne_fw-la placitum_fw-la 4._o comes_fw-la habeat_fw-la nisi_fw-la jejunus_fw-la where_o the_o word_n come_v according_a to_o the_o phrase_n of_o that_o time_n be_v use_v for_o judex_n as_o elsewhere_o we_o have_v at_o large_a declare_v to_o the_o same_o effect_n be_v the_o capitular_a ad_fw-la legem_fw-la salicus_fw-la and_o out_o of_o these_o and_o such_o other_o constitution_n arise_v the_o rule_n of_o the_o canon_n law_n 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they_o not_o sit_v by_o night_n or_o use_v candle_n light_n consuluit_fw-la quod_fw-la de_fw-la nocte_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la honestum_fw-la judicium_fw-la exercere_fw-la and_o from_o these_o ancient_a rite_n of_o the_o church_n and_o empire_n be_v our_o law_n derive_v which_o prohibit_v our_o 〈…〉_z jurour_n be_v judices_fw-la de_fw-la facto_fw-la to_o have_v meat_n drink_z fire_n or_o candlelight_n till_o they_o be_v agree_v of_o their_o verdict_n it_o may_v be_v here_o demand_v how_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o our_o judge_n after_o dinner_n do_v take_v assize_n and_o nisi_fw-la prius_fw-la in_o the_o guild-hall_n of_o london_n and_o in_o their_o circuit_n i_o have_v yet_o no_o other_o answer_n but_o that_o ancient_a institution_n be_v discontinue_v often_o by_o some_o custom_n grate_v in_o upon_o they_o and_o change_v often_o by_o some_o late_a constitution_n of_o which_o kind_n the_o instance_n aforesaid_a seem_v to_o be_v for_o assizes_n be_v ordain_v many_o age_n after_o by_o henry_n ii_o as_o appear_v by_o the_o charter_n of_o 12._o beverly_n glanvil_n and_o radulphus_fw-la niger_n and_o nisi_fw-la prius_fw-la by_o 30._o edward_n i._o in_o the_o statute_n of_o westminster_n 2._o though_o i_o see_v not_o but_o in_o take_v of_o they_o the_o ancient_a course_n may_v have_v be_v continue_v if_o haste_n will_v suffer_v it_o chap._n ii_o why_o they_o sit_v not_o at_o all_o some_o day_n though_o there_o be_v many_o day_n in_o the_o term_n which_o by_o ancient_a constitution_n before_o recite_v be_v exempt_v from_o lawbusiness_n as_o those_o of_o the_o apostle_n etc._n etc._n and_o that_o the_o 3._o statute_n of_o edw._n vi_o appoint_v many_o of_o they_o to_o be_v keep_v holiday_n as_o dedicate_v not_o unto_o saint_n but_o unto_o divine_a worship_n which_o we_o also_o at_o this_o day_n retain_v as_o holiday_n yet_o do_v not_o the_o high_a court_n forbear_v sit_v in_o any_o of_o they_o save_v on_o the_o feast_n of_o the_o purification_n the_o ascension_n st._n john_n baptist_n all-saint_n and_o the_o day_n after_o though_o not_o a_o feast_n call_v all-soul_n when_o
igitur_fw-la mandamus_fw-la quod_fw-la cum_fw-la archiepiscopus_fw-la ebor._fw-la hoc_fw-la nobis_fw-la concesserit_fw-la &_o literas_fw-la svas_fw-la patentes_fw-la nobis_fw-la habere_fw-la fecerit_fw-la iter_fw-la justice_n nostr_n in_o comitat_fw-la qui_fw-la ....._o sunt_fw-la jurisdictioni_fw-la praedicti_fw-la archiepiscopi_fw-la ebor._fw-la &_o aliis_fw-la comitat._n subsint_fw-la jurisdictioni_fw-la archiepiscopi_fw-la cantuar._n usque_fw-la ad_fw-la praefatum_fw-la terminum_fw-la si_fw-la opus_fw-la fuerit_fw-la continuetis_fw-la solita_fw-la prudentia_fw-la &_o solitudine_fw-la quod_fw-la non_fw-la dubitamus_fw-la vos_fw-la esse_fw-la facturos_fw-la negotiis_fw-la nostris_fw-la expediendis_fw-la ad_fw-la commodum_fw-la &_o honorem_fw-la nostrum_fw-la intendent_a dat._n apud_fw-la westm_n 3._o die_v nou._n in_o custodia_fw-la franc._n bacon_n de_fw-fr gray's-inn_n armig._n 1_o febr._n an._n 1633._o discreto_fw-la viro_fw-la domino_fw-la tho._n weyland_n illustr_n reg._n angl._n justice_n skerw_v r._n miseratione_n divina_fw-la norwic._n episcopus_fw-la salutem_fw-la &_o honoris_fw-la augmentum_fw-la cordis_n nobis_fw-la est_fw-la ut_fw-la omni_fw-la tempore_fw-la justitia_fw-la debitum_fw-la &_o celerem_fw-la sortiatur_fw-la effectum_fw-la hinc_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la cum_fw-la ass_n ultimae_fw-la praesentationis_fw-la super_fw-la ecclesiam_fw-la de_fw-la kirkby_n omnium_fw-la sanctorum_fw-la inter_fw-la imann_n quae_fw-la fuit_fw-la uxor_fw-la ric._n de_fw-fr thwait_n querentem_fw-la &_o ricardum_fw-la lc_n cam_n defendentem_fw-la coram_fw-la vobis_fw-la sit_fw-la arannata_fw-la ut_fw-la intelliximus_fw-la vobis_fw-la auctoritate_fw-la praesentium_fw-la permittimus_fw-la quod_fw-la non_fw-la obstante_fw-la instanti_fw-la quadragesima_fw-la assisam_fw-la praedictam_fw-la inter_fw-la part_n praedictas_fw-la etiamsi_fw-la juramentum_fw-la interveniat_fw-la licite_fw-la capiatis_fw-la valete_fw-la dat._n apud_fw-la buketon_n 11._o kal._n martii_fw-la iii_o anno_fw-la domini_fw-la m._n cc._o lxxvi_o finis_fw-la a_o short_a apology_n for_o archbishop_n abbot_z touch_v the_o death_n of_o peter_n hawkins_n by_o a_o unknown_a hand_n with_o a_o large_a answer_n to_o this_o apology_n by_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n kt._n as_o also_o several_a letter_n relate_v to_o the_o same_o fact_n with_o a_o copy_n of_o the_o dispensation_n for_o irregularity_n grant_v to_o the_o archbishop_n and_o a_o treatise_n of_o the_o original_a of_o testament_n and_o will_n and_o of_o their_o probate_n and_o to_o who_o it_o ancient_o belong_v by_o the_o say_a sir_n henry_n spelman_n kt._n a_o apology_n for_o archbishop_n abbot_z touch_v the_o death_n of_o peter_n hawkins_n the_o keeper_n wound_v in_o the_o park_n at_o bramsil_n july_n 24._o 1621._o 1._o it_o be_v certain_a that_o in_o foro_fw-la conscientiae_fw-la this_o case_n may_v not_o only_o deserve_o produce_v a_o fear_n and_o tremble_a in_o he_o who_o be_v the_o accidental_a cause_n thereof_o but_o may_v just_o make_v the_o tall_a cedar_n in_o lebanon_n to_o shake_v in_o recount_v with_o his_o inward_a man_n what_o sin_n it_o be_v that_o have_v provoke_v god_n to_o permit_v such_o a_o rare_a and_o unusual_a action_n to_o fall_v out_o by_o his_o hand_n which_o make_v he_o for_o the_o time_n to_o be_v fabula_fw-la vulgi_fw-la and_o give_v opportunity_n to_o the_o enemy_n of_o religion_n of_o all_o kind_n to_o rejoice_v to_o speak_v their_o pleasure_n to_o fill_v their_o book_n and_o libel_n within_o the_o realm_n and_o perhaps_o beyond_o the_o sea_n and_o that_o concern_v his_o call_v as_o well_o as_o his_o person_n not_o only_o for_o the_o present_a but_o also_o in_o future_a age_n beside_o grief_n to_o his_o friend_n and_o some_o scandal_n to_o the_o weak_a who_o do_v not_o right_o apprehend_v thing_n but_o raise_v question_n which_o few_o man_n can_v resolve_v to_o all_o which_o may_v be_v add_v the_o interpretation_n of_o it_o by_o his_o majesty_n gracious_o or_o otherwise_o and_o the_o forfeiture_n that_o in_o rigorous_a construction_n of_o law_n may_v be_v put_v upon_o he_o although_o hold_v for_o no_o great_a delinquent_n beside_o the_o provide_v for_o a_o widow_n and_o four_o fatherless_a child_n all_o which_o may_v pierce_v a_o heart_n that_o be_v not_o senseless_a and_o day_n and_o night_n yield_v he_o matter_n enough_o of_o trouble_a meditation_n 2._o and_o yet_o lest_o he_o that_o intend_v no_o ill_n much_o less_o to_o that_o person_n a_o poor_a man_n and_o a_o stranger_n to_o he_o shall_v be_v swallow_v up_o with_o sorrow_n he_o be_v not_o devoid_a of_o some_o comfort_n as_o that_o consensus_fw-la facit_fw-la peccatum_fw-la and_o voluntas_fw-la facit_fw-la reatum_fw-la and_o where_o those_o concur_v not_o misdemeanour_n be_v proper_o contra_fw-la nullum_fw-la decalogi_fw-la praeceptum_fw-la and_o that_o when_o god_n speak_v of_o such_o casual_a death_n exod._n 21._o 13._o use_v these_o word_n if_o a_o man_n lie_v not_o in_o wait_n but_o god_n deliver_v he_o the_o slay_a man_n into_o his_o hand_n divine_n collect_v thereupon_o that_o it_o be_v not_o humanum_fw-la but_o à _fw-la deo_fw-la which_o no_o man_n providence_n can_v absolute_o prevent_v for_o what_o god_n will_v have_v do_v shall_v be_v and_o no_o creature_n may_v dare_v to_o set_v he_o to_o school_v in_o what_o manner_n or_o by_o what_o person_n he_o will_v have_v it_o perform_v and_o deuteronom_n 19_o 6_o 10._o god_n put_v the_o case_n of_o the_o man_n slay_v by_o the_o iron_n of_o his_o neighbour_n axe_n slip_v off_o appoint_v city_n of_o refuge_n lest_o he_o shall_v be_v slay_v also_o who_o as_o he_o say_v be_v not_o worthy_a of_o death_n and_o again_o that_o innoxius_fw-la sanguis_fw-la innocent_a blood_n be_v not_o shed_v in_o the_o land_n where_o we_o may_v collect_v that_o such_o case_n be_v foresee_v and_o order_v by_o god_n himself_o and_o that_o no_o call_v no_o not_o that_o of_o the_o priest_n be_v free_a from_o that_o which_o god_n will_v have_v accomplish_v 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afterward_o the_o highpriest_n slay_v the_o israelitish_n man_n with_o the_o midianitish_a woman_n and_o be_v bless_v by_o god_n for_o it_o samuel_n hew_v agag_n to_o piece_n jehoiada_n the_o priest_n command_v athalâ—ah_n the_o usurper_n to_o be_v slay_v the_o maccabee_n fight_v for_o their_o country_n and_o so_o take_v away_o the_o life_n of_o many_o a_o man_n paul_n be_v consent_v to_o the_o death_n of_o stephen_n peter_n although_o rebuke_v for_o it_o cut_v off_o the_o ear_n of_o malchus_n josephus_n the_o jew_n of_o the_o seed_n of_o the_o priest_n be_v captain_n over_o judah_n and_o fight_v divers_a time_n out_o of_o all_o which_o i_o do_v only_o make_v this_o collection_n that_o the_o priest_n s_o restraint_n from_o blood_n be_v not_o ex_fw-la jure_fw-la divino_fw-la but_o ex_fw-la jure_fw-la positivo_fw-la pontificio_fw-la soil_n vel_fw-la canoniâ—o_n or_o ecclesiastico_fw-la as_o we_o call_v it_o out_o of_o caution_n for_o purity_n and_o decency_n and_o good_a congruity_n for_o so_o holy_a a_o call_v which_o come_v so_o near_a god_n and_o attend_v at_o his_o altar_n 4._o see_v then_o in_o the_o ecclesiastical_a law_n what_o grace_n be_v afford_v to_o he_o who_o against_o his_o will_n have_v casual_o be_v the_o death_n of_o another_o there_o be_v in_o the_o decretal_n a_o title_n de_fw-fr homicidio_fw-la voluntario_fw-la vel_fw-la casuali_fw-la concern_v the_o latter_a of_o which_o there_o be_v many_o 23._o rescript_n which_o demonstrate_v that_o in_o human_a life_n such_o thing_n do_v frequent_o fall_v out_o in_o these_o there_o be_v five_o chapter_n cap._n lator_n cap._n dilectis_fw-la siliis_fw-la cap._n exit_fw-la litteris_fw-la cap._n exit_fw-la litteris_fw-la tuus_fw-la cap._n joannes_n where_o the_o rubric_n be_v homicidium_fw-la casuale_fw-la non_fw-la imputatur_fw-la ei_fw-la qui_fw-la non_fw-la fuit_fw-la in_o culpa_fw-la and_o homicidium_fw-la casuale_fw-la non_fw-la imputatur_fw-la ei_fw-la qui_fw-la dedit_fw-la operam_fw-la rei_fw-la licitae_fw-la nee_n fuit_fw-la in_o culpa_fw-la and_o there_o the_o decision_n be_v evermore_o that_o there_o be_v no_o irregularity_n in_o promovendo_fw-la or_o in_o promoto_fw-la ad_fw-la sacros_fw-la ordines_fw-la this_o be_v the_o more_o to_o be_v note_v because_o it_o be_v not_o the_o lator._n interpreter_n but_o the_o body_n of_o the_o law_n and_o the_o gloss_n thereupon_o have_v nota_fw-la quod_fw-la