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A25994 Several assertations proved in order to create another species of money than gold and silver Asgill, John, 1659-1738. 1696 (1696) Wing A3932; ESTC R16480 21,802 88

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Securities entailed on Freehold Estates is as real Incumbrance upon them as Fines upon alienations are upon Copy-holds And if as hath been observed the transferring the Titles of Land to Money and making the assignment of every piece to be by Deed would depreciate it and incapacitate it from being Money by the same reason the transferring the Titles of Money to Lands and making the delivery only to be a Title would of it self render them much more valuable and tho' the equitable Interests only which are the Bills can be assigned by Delivery yet the less Charge is incident to transferring the Legal Estates the more valuable the Lands will be And this is the Intent of being Incorporated A great part of the Towns and Trades in England have been incorporated by Kings or Parliaments for the conveniency of doing their own Business The Worsted-Weavers in Yarmouth and Lynn were each of them incorporated by Parliament in 15 th Hen. 8. with a power to have a Seal for their own Cloths for no other reason than that it was before painful and costly for them to carry their Cloths to be sealed at Norwich which they were obliged to by a former Act. And the School of Norleech in Gloucester-shire was Incorporated by Parliament in 4. Jac. 1. upon the Opinion of three Lord Keepers and two Judges that they ought to be Incorporated in order to stand seized of their own Lands for that the surviving Feoffee of the school-School-Lands went about to defraud the School by making a long Lease to his own Son under a small Rent If therefore the Kings and Parliaments of England have incorporated so many Towns and Trades for the conveniency of doing their business and that the Parliament in the first of these Cases incorporated two Companies of Weavers for preventing their trouble and charge in going to distant places and in the last Case incorporated a Countrey-School to prevent frauds in their Trustees can it be doubted that the present Legislative Power will deny the like conveniency for the better settling and improving all the Lands in the Kingdom and in this they have signified their pleasure already by declaring in the Act passed last Sessions that the intent of the Incorporation was in order to lending Monies on Lands The Second Thing contained in the last Act and now humbly represented to the Parliament is The securing the Titles of the Lands after they are so settled And this is intended by the Settlement already executed and practised whereby it is declared that the Lands conveyed pursuant to that Settlement as long as they stand so conveyed shall not be subject to any other Incumbrances than what shall be charged thereon by the Owners thereof in the Register-Books of the Bank by which the Lawyers are of Opinion that the Lands will be protected against any other future Incumbrance But to put that out of all doubt it was inserted in the Act which can be no Unjustice to any as a Register with a Retrospect might be being only the initiating of a voluntary Register to be perfected by time The Third Clause relating to Lands in the last Act and now humbly represented is A power by publick sale to sell the Mortgaged Lands in case the Money lent thereon by the Bank be demanded and unpaid six years together and with the Money arising by sale to Discharge the Mortgage-Monies returning the Overplus to the Owner of the Lands And this will save Expences in Suits which must otherwise be charged on the Lands There are other Clauses for Transferring the Bills Searching of Judgments c. for the better Security and Conveniency of the Bank And that this Constitution may not be diverted from the end proposed and intended we shall think it no Penalty that the Bank may be restrained from issuing out any Bills but what shall be charged upon Lands conveyed unto them which is more restrictive than all the Clauses drawn for that purpose by the late Opposers of the Act. Now all these being Conveniencies only grantable by the Legislative Power without charging any Mans Property and the use of them seeming so necessary and advantagious It cannot be doubted but the Legislative Power will encourage this Invention by reviving these Clauses Fifteenth Assertion That it cannot be doubted but the Owners of the Lands will readily receive and use this Invention Silver and Gold are Forreign Commodities bought of those who are sometimes our Allies and sometimes our Enemies and we by virtue of our Agreements have made them Money to the depreciating the value of our own Lands and shall not we by the same Agreements make Money of our Lands which will cost nothing and double the value of the Lands by doing it Never was any thing more eagerly received than Proposals for lowering the Interest of Money insomuch that the Notions of it dispersed in common Pamphlets brought men out of all Countreys only to hear silly Men talk about it Perhaps some Ceremonies may be used in the Order and precedency of coming into this Invention When that Doctrine which we now profess to be our Religion was first vented in the World the Priests and Rulers stood off and would not meddle with it because they were safely posted at the head of the Church and State and had no occasion to expose their Reputation by turning Projectors and venturing upon a new thing before they knew whether it would take or not and therefore they set the Publicans and Harlots who thought themselves to have most need of it to go in first to try the Experiment but when they found that the thing would do they all fell in to it one after another 'till at last it came to be as scandalous to be out of it as it was at first to be in it I know the thing now proposed is New and therefore I expect that those who are a cold must first blow this Coal but when 't is once kindled it can never want Fuel to maintain the Fire We call them Fops who invent new Fashions and yet we all follow them one after another some will have them in a Week others in a Month some in a Year after they are in and some seven Years after they are out and so it is in the change of other Customs for if Men should be all of the same mind together the crowd would hinder the doing the business they come about Men fall into things one after another as their Occasions and Inducements lead them There is no Profit in the World made certain All Gain depends upon the contingent Occasions and Necessities of others a Lawyer is not sure of Clients nor a Physitian of Patients nor a Landlord of Tenants nor a Monied Man of any one to borrow of him but they all expect the Necessities of others to support themselves by and therefore the present Necessities requiring the use of this Invention it cannot be doubted but the Owners of the Lands will readily
and consequently have the power of giving Credit in that Country and therefore whatever they will accept for their Commodities is Money Man deals in nothing but Earth the Merchants are the Factors of the World to exchange one part of the Earth for another The King himself is fed by the labour of the Ox and the cloathing of the Army and the victualing of the Navy must all be paid for to the Owner of the Soil as the ultimate Receiver and whatever the ultimate Receiver will demand or accept must be a Rule for the intermediate Receivers to govern themselves by All the other Contracts of the Kingdom must follow the Reservation of the Rents and hence 't is that all the present Contracts of the Kingdom are agreed to be paid in Money because the Rents of the Lands are reserved payable in it and therefore if these Rents were reserved in the Securities of Land form'd into the Qualities of Monies which we call Bills it would force other Contracts to be made payable in these Bills and consequently make these Bills effective Money Secondly As they would thereby become effective Money so they would become Lawful Money of England because the Law would compel the payment of them The Law of England hath given no other sanction to Gold or Silver than to certifie the value of it to tell the People what it is that when they make Contracts about it they may know what they do The Law saith that such a piece of Money stamped into the King's Coin shall be esteemed five shillings of lawful Money of England whereby whoever makes a Contract to pay five shillings of lawful Money of England knows what he is to deliver and he knows that the delivery of that piece will be a good discharge of his Contract But the Law never compels any person to make these Contracts nor ever compels the payment of this Money or makes the tender thereof to be a good payment in any case but where it so agreed between the Parties and this is no more but what the Law doth to any other thing contracted for as well as Money The Law no more admits Gold or Silver Money to be a tender for Corn or Cattle contracted to be delivered then it doth admit Corn or Cattle to be a tender for Gold or Silver Money contracted to be delivered for the Law respects nothing but the agreement of the Parties and by the same reason that the Law obliges the payment of Gold and Silver it would oblige the payment of these Bills in case they were agreed to be paid And therefore it being in the power of the Owners of the Lands to reserve their Rents payable in these Bills and the other Contracts of the Kingdom being govern'd by the Reservation of the Rents and the Law compelling the performance of those Reservations and Contracts it is in the power of the Owners of the Lands to make these Bills effective and lawful Money of England by reserving their Rents payable in them Eighth Assertion That Lands thus formed into the Qualities of Money are more Vseful and Valuable than Gold and Silver or any other Commodities severed from the Soyl. First They are more Useful Gold and Silver serve but for one use at one time while they are used for Money they can be used for nothing else and while they are used for any thing else they can't be used for Money But Lands may be converted into Money without loosing their other Faculties they serve for both uses at the same time the Owners keep the Possession and receive the Profits of the Soil while the Securities thereof are used for Money and this is what cannot be done in Securities of Pledges or Pawns of Commodities severed from the Soil for when the Owner makes these a Security he must part with them out of his possession and can make no use of them 'till he hath redeemed them 2. As they are more Useful so they are more Valuable What serves for two uses at once is more valuable than what serves but for one if Silver and Gold could serve for Money and Plate both at the same time or if Commodities severed from the Soil could retain their own natural uses and also serve for Securities of Money at the same time they would both be double the value they now are for by loosing one of their uses they loose the value at which they are valu'd in respect of that use therefore Lands retaining their own natural use while they are made Money are more Useful and Valuable than Gold and Silver or any other Commodity severed from the Soil Ninth Assertion That it will be in the Power of the Bank from whom these Bills are issued to make them more Valuable than other Money by accepting them at a higher Rate and that they will be Gainers thereby The Profit of a Bank depends upon the Credit of their Bills and the Credit of their Bills depends upon their making them more Valuable than Money and the making their Bills more valuable than Money depends on their accepting of them at a higher Rate than Money Money and Bills never keep long at a par if Bills are not better than Money they 'll soon be worse If Money gets the upper Hand of Credit it puts an end to all Credit There is at this day no Credit in the Kingdom Credit is when Men choose Bills rather than Money and not when they take them only because they can't receive Money The present Credit of the Kingdom is no more than the Credit of a man who can't pay his Debts and therefore gives Bond which his Creditors are forced to accept for want of money The Bank of England have issued out Bills which they cannot pay and so the People that have their Bills must keep them But there is no fresh Money brought into their Bank for their Bills without which no Credit can be maintain'd And they finding great Demands upon them immediately raised the Interest upon their Bills hoping thereby to keep those Bills which were out against them from being demanded of them and to draw in fresh Monies into them But this proved so ineffectual that their Bills at Interest are at no more value than their Bills without Interest which shews plainly that the giving Interest on Bills doth add no Credit to a Bank For raising the interest on the Bills of the Bank raises the Interest of Monies out of the Bank and so keeps the Monies from them The more a Bank raises their Interest to overtake the Money the faster the Money goes from them raising the Interest 1 l. per Cent. upon Bills payable at demand raises it 2 l. per Cent. on Common Securities therefore a Bank should always fall their Interest as fast as others endeavour to raise it Credit is no more to be begged or bought than it is to be forced giving Interest on Bills is begging of Credit or buying of Money which may
Law will invert those Agreements this puts an end to all dealing and therefore these Proposals are Illegal by which I hope I shall not be censured as irreverent of the Legislative Power for I mention this in reverence to those Laws of which they are the Legislators I don't say but one Man may by Conquest get an absolute Power over another but this is by Usurpation and Wrong and not by Law for all Laws are the Agreements of Men and no Man ever by his own Agreement delivered himself into the disposal of an absolute Power God himself tho' a supream Power and absolute over all doth not demand Man to deliver himself up into his Power as absolute but treats with him by a Law of Justice in which he makes himself a Party and stands obliged to the performance of several things as the Condition of Man's Obedience and therefore for man to assume a right of Government by an absolute Power is to set himself above God 3. These Proposals are impracticable and should they be granted would be ineffectual Suppose an Act should pass that a tender of a Bill of 100 l. should be a sufficient tender of 100 l. contracted for in lawful Money of England and the People should think themselves bound by this as a Law then their study would be to evade this Law by changing their Contracts from lawful Money of England to some other Species As so many Ounces of Gold and Silver which would not be construed to be lawful Money of England and so then the Act would not reach it and if the Act should follow these Contracts and be changed as often as the Contracts it must at last be so general that a tender of a Bill for payment of 10 l. should be a good tender for all Commodities agreed to be delivered of the value of 10 l. and so when a Man had contracted for a Horse he should have a Bank Bill delivered him to ride on and therefore the Proposals are impracticable and if granted would be ineffectual 4. These Proposals are fallacious and carry a Cheat in the bottom for the Bills being given out for payment of Money if the Law releases the payment of the Money and makes the Bill it self a good tender there 's nothing left to answer the Debt but the Paper or Parchment on which the Bill is written which is worth nothing and therefore the Proposals are fallacious and carry a Cheat in the bottom And for all these Reasons they can be of no Use in this Invention of finding out another Species of Money than Gold and Silver Fourth Assertion That this Species must be made of something that hath all the Qualities of Money Money hath these several Qualities First The Mettal of which it is made is Valuable from the other Uses made of it for Silver and Gold do not receive their Value from being made Money but Money receives its value from being made of Silver and Gold For Money as Money hath no other value than Figures or Counters by which Men keep Accounts with one another but because Money is now become a common Pledge it must be made of something that hath in it self a real Value from other Uses whereby whoever hath these Tokens may purchase any Commodity with them according to their Value in weight in all other places as well as where the Money was coined and therefore nothing can be made Money but what is thus valuable from the other Uses made of it The Second Quality of Money is Durableness and Incorruption which is also Necessary The Third Quality is Divisibleness into greater or lesser-peices without which it cannot be used as Money Fourthly The Value of each piece is certified by the stamp without which it could not be used as Money by the common People Fifthly The Title thereof is readily transferrable the Delivery only makes it a Title And this is as necessary for making it money as any of the other qualities For were the Titles of Land transferred to the Titles of Money it would cease to be Money notwithstanding all its other qualities were it necessary to have a Lease and Release Feofment or Bargain and Sale and if it came by the Wife a Fine to the Transferre of every peice of money the Charge and Trouble of this would soon reduce our Nobles to Nine-pences Now all these qualities being Necessary to Money nothing that wants either of these qualities can be Money Therefore this Species must be made of something that hath all these Qualities Fifth Assertion That whatever is capable of all these Qualities of Money is capable of being made Money The Philosophers define all Substances by Qualites they say That whatever hath all the qualities of a thing ceases to be a likeness and is become that very thing Now I don't say that whatever hath all the qualities of Money doth thereby become Gold and Silver but it becomes Money Gold is money and Silver is money and yet Gold is not Silver nor Silver Gold Things of different Substances may be put to the same use Brick and Stone Brass and Copper Lead and Iron may be all adapted to the same Uses being stamped into the same Forms Therefore whatever is capable of all the Qualities of Money is capable of being made Money Sixth Assertion That the Securities on Lands are capable of all the Qualities of Money and therefore they are capable of being made Money First The Lands on which the Securities are charged have in themselves a real Value from the other Uses made of them which need not be enumerated Secondly They are durable and incorruptible The Earth is the great Store-house of the World where all the magazines of Life and Defence are kept sweet and safe Thirdly These Securities are divisible into greater or lesser Summs Fourthly The Value of each Security may be certified by a stamp given to it Fifthly The Title of these Securities may be transferrable by delivery only And all this is proved by Fact And therefore these being all the Qualities of Money and the Securities of Lands being capable of all these Qualities they are capable of being made Money Seventh Assertion That these Securities of Lands being thus formed into the Qualities of Money it is in the Power of the Owners of the Lands themselves to make these Securities to be Effective and Lawful Money of England By reserving the Rents of their Lands payable in them First This would make them effective Money The use of Money is to buy Commodities now these Securities will buy Land and therefore they will buy all Commodities The common definition of Money That 't is Money that buys Land is comprehensive of all the uses of it for whatever will buy Land will buy all Commodities What we call Commodities is nothing but Land severed from the Soil The Owners of the Soil in every Country have the sale of all Commodities of the Growth of that Country
be done by a common way of mortgaging without keeping Monies to pay the principal at demand And it had been Policy for the Bank of England when they had got the Coin raised from clipt to full Money to have raised the value of their Bills with it by accepting them in Reciepts of Interest from the Crown and others at more than Money and then they had kept down the Price of Money below their Bills which is now got above them For let Money be of what Weight it will if those who have the Receipt of it will accept Bills at a higher rate this doth depreciate the Money and keeps the Bills above them And therefore in case this Land-Bank be established by Parliament as is proposed 't is intended that the Interest of 3 l. 10 s. per Cent. shall be reduced to 3 l. per Cent. to all those who will pay it in the Land-Bank Bills which will advance the Credit of the Bank and consequently their Profit by enabling them to lend great quantities A Bank is like a Merchant whose Gains don't arise from the extravagant Profit of any particular Commodity but from the greatness of his Trade for the Retailers get more per Cent. than the Merchants Therefore it will be in the power of the Bank from whence these Bills are issued to make them more valuable than other Money by accepting them for more than other Money and that they will be Gainers thereby Tenth Assertion That this Invention falling the Interest of Money will advance the Rents of Lands That this Invention succeeding will fall the Interest of Money needs no proof But it hath been made a Question Whether the falling the Interest of Money will advance the Rents of Lands And it must be confessed that Lands already improved to the heighth are not capable of this advantage but most of the Lands in England are capable of being improved to double their present Value in Cities and Towns by Building and in the Countreys by Planting and Manure and lye unimproved for want of Money Therefore this Invention falling the Interest of Money will advance the Rents of Lands Eleventh Assertion That advancing the Value of Lands in the Purchase is equal to advancing the Rents That the falling the Interest of Money advances Lands in the Purchase needs no Proof But it hath been a Question Whether advancing the Lands in purchase be an advantage because the Value of the money for which they are sold is thereby depreciated And it is certain that the falling the Interest of Money doth depreciate the Value of it as to the Purchase of the Soil of the Lands but it doth not depreciate it as to the Purchase of any Commodities severed from the Soil The Interest of Money is an Annual Profit and therefore doth affect nothing but what hath an Annual Increase The Soil of Land is an Annual Interest to the Owner and therefore the price thereof rises and falls with the Interest of Money which is Annual But the Commodities severed from the Soil lye all in Principal and therefore the Interest of Money being Annual doth not affect them The Price of Corn and Cattle don't rise and fall with the Interest of Money or if at any time they happen so to do it is not caused by the Rate of Interest but some other cause which happens at that time Therefore the advancing the Value of Lands in the purchase is equal to advancing the Rents Indeed if Men were to live with the Beasts ranging up and down the Earth and taking their Food where they found it Lands would be of no value in respect of Sale but ever since the Commencement of the Laws of Property Money is as necessary as Bread and therefore whether Land will yield a hundred quarters of Corn or will sell for as much as will buy it is equally beneficial to the Owner Twelfth Assertion That this Invention perfected will extinguish the Interest of Money upon Lands and thereby make the Lands inestimable The Securities of Lands are now as valuable as money or else money would not be lent upon them And the Reason why the Owners are forced to borrow money upon these Securities is because they can't make money of them If therefore these Securities could be made Money there would be no Occasion of borrowing money upon them and consequently the Interest of money on these Securities would be extinguished which makes the Lands to be inestimable for all Value is by comparison two things of equal goodness are the value of one another and the purchase of Lands being valued by the rate of the Interest of money if this Interest be extinguished there is nothing left to make the comparison whereby to value the Lands and therefore they must be inestimable Pleasure and Profit are all the Accomplishments of Life now the natural produce of Lands supplyes all the Pleasures of Life and if the Policy of Man can add the profit of money to it all the accomplishments of Life are contained in it Omne tulit punctum qui miscuit utile dulci. But this is the Invention perfected which we must not promise our selves to see I only mention it to shew that the falling of Interest by th●… Invention will be a growing improvement to Lands even to an infinity whereby to encourage the beginning of the Invention I know the Mercurial Projectors of the Age skip to the top of their Notions at the first jump like the Mother of Zebeaee's Children who made it her first Prayer that the two highest seats in Heaven might be reserved for her two Sons But this shews their ignorance of Nature who never leaps all ascent is by climbing Men grow from Children Trees from Seeds and Learning from the Element of Letters I don't doubt but Lands by this Invention may be advanced to a hundred Years purchase but this must proceed from the Practice and Improvement of the Invention and not the Notion of it only If the growth of this Invention will yearly advance the value of Land one Years purchase which may modestly be expected it is in effect doubling the present Rents Thirteenth Assertion That though this Improvement added to the present Value of Lands be unexpected and surprizing it is nevertheless plain and true and agreeable to other productions in Nature and Arts And though it is plain and true it is never the less valuable but rather the more admirable When God had made Man he gave him a view of all the Creatures made before him pleasant to the eye and pleasant to the taste and good for food which was a compleat Entertainment to him as he apprehended for he felt no Appetite in himself but what had a suitable Object to gratifie it And yet all this while Man had within him a dormant Affection which he did not know of capable of a higher Enjoyment than all his other Appetites and this lay concealed from him 'till the Creator presented
Interest of the Government and People Private Subjects have all along supplied the Government with Money through the Bank of England as their Casheir who have taken upon them to dispose of it as their own and magnified themselves to the Publick for it which hath put a Disobligation upon their Creditors that those that have only the Receipt of the Money should be esteemed the Owners of it Now in this Bank here proposed the Bank lends the Subjects and enables them to execute the grateful office of lending the Money to the Publick with their own Hands and to receive the Profit of it and yet the Bank is as serviceable to the Crown as if they lent them the Money directly because it is incumbent on the Bank to pay the Bills which is the most difficult part in all Accounts And is not the Crown more secure in being supplied by a Bank whose Securities are charged on the Lands and their Credit supported by the Receipts of the Rents of the Kingdom than by a Bank to which the King himself is forced to give the chiefest Credit by receiving their Bills in the publick Revenues to his loss That therefore a Bank thus established will be greater Security to the Government for the future than a Bank set up for that purpose only Twentieth Assertion That an Vnanimous Consent in this Establishment would be a happy Event of the War By the Constitution of the Government of England the Execution of the Law is vested in the Body Politick of the King that he may stand seiz'd thereof to the use of the Subjects for preserving their Liberties and Estates and whenever that Trust is broken the Subjects having no Court of Equity to appeal to are driven to their Arms and the Descent of his present Majesty with his Forreign Troops into England was to head the Subjects against the Invasion of their Liberties begun upon them by him who then had the possession of the Crown which being translated to his present Majesty put him into the possession of the Law and thereby the Subjects into the use of their Liberties under him But to maintain this Possession it was absolutely necessary to begin the War against a Forreign Power who had made themselves formidable by unjust acquisitions from their Neighbours and this War hath and will cost us forty Millions of Money directly advanced to maintain it besides the Losses by Sea and yet 't is the best Money that ever the Subjects spent for by this they have preserved the whole which otherwise had been lost before now and therefore according to that Saying What is saved is got the Expence and Loss of the War hath purchased three Kingdoms with which we may rest well satisfied without the fond Conceipt of the Conquest of France which is to ask we know not what But as a Reward to the Subjects for their Zeal and Bravery in expending so large a part of their present Possessions to convey the Reversion of their Estates and Liberties to their Posterity here seems a fair Opportunity offer'd occasion'd by the Expence of the War for improving their own Estates with their Wives and Families at home which is better than transplanting themselves to Forreign Conquests Would but the Gentlemen of England for one Year spend as much time and pains in their several Countyes to promote this Invention as they do to manure two Acres of Land they would find the Improvements increasing upon them a sufficient Encouragement to proceed in it 'till they had made themselves rich and from their abundance the Necessities of the Poor would be supplyed I can say truly that the Miseries of the Poor do affect me and yet I never had thoughts of Proposing any thing directly for their Releif apprehending their chiefest dependance to be upon the Superfluities of the rich and this was the Provision made for them by the first Law of the World which forbid the rakeing of the Corn that the Poor might live upon the Gleanings and the leavings of the Poor is the Provision for the Fowls of the Air Whereas raising the Rates for the Poor without adding something to those that are taxed doth insensibly draw the Scot and Lot-men into the Poors-book the Rates mulitiplying the Poor as fast as the Poor multiply the Rates But let more be given to them who have the possession of much already and somewhat of it will naturally fall to them that have nothing As for the King himself whose Success is our Safety I can't conceive him capable of any greater or less Enjoyment than his own Complacency in that Choice which hath descended upon him from Providence to be the Deliverer of that People who have also chosen him for their Defender And tho' his Allyance by Blood be the initiating of his Title to the Crown yet his Election thereunto is his highest Personal Honour To be a King is a mean thing in comparison of being made one The Redeemer of the World was an Office of that state and dignity that his Harbinger is declared to be the highest post of Honour that ever Man stood possessed of and yet 't is said of this Redeemer He gloryed not that he was an High Priest but that he was made an High Priest He did not magnifie himself that he was the Redeemer of the World but that he was Chosen by God to be so And I am glad to find my Arguments terminate here for by this I know I have done because I have run it where I can go no further Nor did I know what I was going to do when I first put Pen to Paper or where I should begin or end but having seen and for some years felt the extravagant rate of Money I resolved to search the Pedigree of it as Men do of Upstarts preferred above their Merit and if I should find it of an Honourable Descent and absolutely necessary I resolved to conceal it but if I could trace its Original to be mean and inconsiderable I resolved to expose it thereby to vilifye it in Mens Thoughts as not so indispensably necessary as 't is generally apprehended Not but that Money is absolutely necessary but not the very Money of Gold and Silver And in pursuit of this Enquiry I found that tho' the common use of this as of other things be obvious unto all yet when we would dissect them to search out the manner of their Subsistence and Operations we find them all fastned down to the Root of Nature by certain Fibers which we must digg down to and trace from thence into all the Labyrinths of Succession feeling all our way by that thread There are no Fractions in Nature nor any things independant they are all linked to one another in a continued Chain which reaches from the Creation to Eternity And I have so far endeavoured to imitate Nature in what I have written as to argue from a Chain of Positions successively depending upon one another which is the most