Linguistic DNA - Concept Modelling Demonstrator

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
land_n	case_n	king_n	tenant_n	2,386	5	9.7362	5	true

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A64087	The general history of England, as well ecclesiastical as civil. Vol. I from the earliest accounts of time to the reign of his present Majesty King William : taken from the most antient records, manuscripts, and historians : containing the lives of the kings and memorials of the most eminent persons both in church and state : with the foundations of the noted monasteries and both the universities / by James Tyrrell.	Tyrrell, James, 1642-1718.	1696 (1696)	Wing T3585; ESTC R32913	882,155	746

you_o to_o the_o law_n of_o king_n cnute_n and_o those_o of_o the_o confessor_n the_o former_a of_o which_o you_o will_v find_v at_o the_o end_n of_o his_o reign_n in_o the_o ensue_a volume_n wherein_o be_v set_v down_o what_o the_o heir_n of_o each_o of_o those_o feudatary_a tenant_n be_v to_o pay_v to_o their_o lord_n at_o the_o death_n of_o their_o ancestor_n but_o that_o these_o can_v not_o be_v near_o all_o the_o land_n of_o england_n appear_v by_o what_o have_v be_v already_o say_v of_o land_n hold_v in_o allodio_n and_o i_o have_v know_v some_o learned_a antiquary_n who_o have_v not_o without_o good_a cause_n believe_v that_o all_o tenure_n by_o knight-service_n in_o england_n be_v derive_v from_o the_o dane_n and_o norwegian_n who_o upon_o their_o conquest_n and_o settle_v here_o first_o bring_v in_o that_o sort_n of_o tenure_n out_o of_o denmark_n and_o norway_n from_o whence_o the_o english_a saxon_a king_n may_v by_o degree_n impose_v it_o upon_o several_a land_n by_o they_o grant_v to_o their_o ealdorman_n or_o earl_n and_o chief_a thanes_z by_o military_a or_o knight_n service_n who_o likewise_o grant_v they_o to_o their_o inferior_a thanes_z under_o the_o like_a tenor_n and_o yet_o it_o will_v have_v be_v very_o unreasonable_a that_o such_o inferior_a thanes_z shall_v have_v so_o far_o be_v deprive_v of_o their_o ancient_a english_a freedom_n as_o that_o the_o earl_n and_o king_n thanes_z shall_v have_v it_o in_o their_o power_n to_o make_v what_o law_n and_o impose_v what_o tax_n they_o please_v upon_o they_o as_o their_o under_a tenant_n without_o their_o consent_n and_o if_o mere_a tenure_n alone_o can_v have_v do_v this_o i_o will_v fain_o know_v why_o the_o english_a king_n before_o the_o conquest_n by_o the_o same_o reason_n may_v not_o as_o well_o have_v make_v law_n and_o tax_v their_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la without_o their_o consent_n as_o these_o can_v have_v do_v their_o tenant_n that_o hold_v under_o they_o but_o this_o be_v altogether_o false_a in_o matter_n of_o fact_n as_o all_o the_o history_n of_o those_o time_n show_v danegelt_n itself_o be_v first_o impose_v by_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o king_n and_o his_o wites_z 994._o as_o appear_v by_o the_o saxon_a annal_n not_o but_o that_o i_o grant_v all_o the_o land_n of_o england_n be_v then_o hold_v under_o those_o three_o great_a service_n call_v in_o latin_a trinoda_n necessitas_fw-la viz._n 1._o expedition_n that_o be_v the_o find_n of_o man_n to_o defend_v the_o kingdom_n in_o case_n of_o invasion_n 2._o the_o repair_n of_o bridge_n and_o 3._o fortify_v of_o castle_n from_o which_o even_a land_n grant_v to_o the_o church_n be_v not_o exempt_v as_o appear_v by_o the_o charter_n to_o several_a monastery_n but_o these_o be_v service_n due_a and_o to_o be_v perform_v by_o the_o common_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o do_v not_o concern_v one_o sort_n of_o tenure_n more_o than_o another_o i_o have_v no_o more_o to_o observe_v concern_v this_o bocland_n but_o that_o it_o pass_v by_o deed_n 508._o call_v by_o ingulphus_n chirographa_fw-la until_o the_o confessor_n time_n and_o be_v confirm_v by_o the_o subscription_n of_o the_o fideles_fw-la or_o subject_n there_o present_a with_o golden_a cross_n and_o some_o other_o holy_a mark_n only_o this_o methinks_v ought_v not_o to_o be_v pass_v over_o that_o the_o ceremony_n of_o livery_n or_o seize_v of_o land_n be_v very_o ancient_a as_o appear_v by_o the_o charter_n of_o ceadwalla_n king_n of_o the_o westsaxon_n preserve_v among_o the_o evidence_n belong_v to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n in_o the_o year_n dclxxxvii_o make_v to_o theodore_n then_o archbishop_n of_o that_o see_v of_o certain_a land_n with_o this_o subscription_n ad_fw-la cumulum_fw-la autÃ¨m_fw-la confirmationis_fw-la ego_fw-la cedwalla_n cespitem_fw-la terrae_fw-la praedictae_fw-la supÃ¨r_fw-la sanctum_fw-la altar_n salvatoris_fw-la posui_fw-la &_o propriÃ¢_fw-la manu_fw-la pro_fw-la ignorantia_fw-la literarum_n signum_fw-la sanctae_fw-la crucis_fw-la expressi_fw-la &_o subscripsi_fw-la that_o be_v for_o the_o far_a confirmation_n thereof_o i_o ceadwalla_n have_v put_v this_o say_a turf_n of_o earth_n upon_o the_o holy_a altar_n and_o for_o want_v of_o learning_n have_v with_o my_o own_o hand_n make_v and_o subscribe_v the_o sign_n of_o the_o holy_a cross._n the_o like_a also_o have_v camden_n out_o of_o a_o patent_n make_v by_o wither_a king_n of_o kent_n cantio_fw-la to_o a_o nunnery_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o thanet_n so_o much_o for_o bocland_n contrary_n to_o which_o be_v that_o call_v folkland_n which_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n say_v folkland_n be_v terra_fw-la popularis_fw-la scilicet_fw-la quae_fw-la jure_fw-la communi_fw-la possidetur_fw-la vel_fw-la sine_fw-la scripto_fw-la that_o be_v land_n belong_v to_o the_o ordinary_a sort_n of_o people_n which_o they_o enjoy_v of_o common_a right_n without_o any_o write_n or_o deed_n as_o we_o see_v in_o copyhold_n land_n at_o this_o day_n for_o which_o the_o tenant_n have_v seldom_o any_o other_o evidence_n than_o the_o copy_n of_o the_o court-roll_n of_o the_o manor_n which_o copyhold_n land_n be_v ancient_o either_o hold_v by_o sockman_n that_o be_v freeman_n hold_v by_o the_o blow_n to_o perform_v mean_a and_o villain_n service_n or_o else_o by_o those_o who_o be_v villain_n appendant_a to_o the_o manor_n these_o may_v be_v oust_v of_o their_o small_a estate_n at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o lord_n demesne_fw-la which_o a_o farmer_n can_v not_o be_v so_o long_o as_o he_o honest_o perform_v his_o service_n and_o these_o be_v they_o who_o after_o the_o conquest_n be_v call_v tenant_n in_o ancient_n demesne_n either_o of_o the_o king_n or_o of_o some_o other_o lord_n as_o you_o will_v find_v in_o the_o old_a natura_n breviam_n recto_n of_o the_o like_a sort_n also_o as_o dr._n brady_n very_o well_o inform_v we_o 68_o be_v land_n and_o possession_n mention_v by_o other_o name_n in_o our_o saxon_a law_n as_o gaffolland_n rent-land_n or_o farm-land_n foedus_fw-la alured_n tenor_n and_o guthr_n c._n 2._o gafogyldenhus_o a_o house_n yield_v or_o pay_v rent_n or_o gable_n ll._n inae_fw-la c._n 6._o there_o be_v also_o mention_v inland_a outland_n or_o the_o lord_n demesne_n which_o he_o keep_v in_o his_o own_o hand_n and_o neatland_n which_o be_v call_v vtland_n or_o outland_n in_o 495._o byrthric_n will_n terra_fw-la villanorum_fw-la and_o be_v let_v out_o to_o countryman_n or_o villager_n aegder_v of_o thegnes_fw-la inlandge_v of_o neatland_n i._n e._n either_o of_o the_o lord_n or_o thanes_z inland_n or_o demesne_n or_o else_o the_o countryman_n villager_n or_o villan_n land_n verb._n gafolland_n neatland_n and_o vtland_n as_o 115._o mr._n somner_n true_o inform_v we_o be_v oppose_v to_o inland_n verbo_fw-la or_o demesne-land_n and_o be_v land_n grant_v out_o for_o rent_n or_o service_n or_o both_o and_o reducible_a to_o folkland_n and_o it_o be_v very_o probable_a they_o be_v the_o same_o or_o of_o the_o same_o nature_n for_o that_o in_o the_o law_n where_o they_o be_v mention_v it_o appear_v they_o be_v always_o occupy_v by_o ceorl_n churl_n countryman_n colon_n or_o clown_n people_n by_o gebures_n boor_n rustic_n plough_n or_o husbandman_n or_o by_o neat_n and_o geneate_n drudge_n villain_n or_o villager_n these_o three_o saxon_a word_n be_v almost_o of_o the_o same_o signification_n though_o very_o different_a in_o sound_n be_v always_o apply_v to_o the_o ordinary_a sort_n of_o people_n call_v by_o we_o folk_n at_o this_o day_n thus_o far_o the_o doctor_n which_o i_o will_v not_o contradict_v though_o he_o here_o make_v all_o ceorles_n man_n to_o have_v be_v mere_a drudge_n which_o be_v not_o so_o since_o those_o that_o hold_v land_n by_o socage-service_n be_v as_o free_a as_o to_o all_o thing_n else_o from_o the_o power_n of_o their_o lord_n as_o our_o tenant_n be_v at_o this_o day_n but_o i_o desire_v by_o the_o way_n that_o this_o may_v not_o be_v unobserved_a that_o i_o can_v no_o where_o find_v the_o word_n colonus_n use_v for_o a_o husbandman_n or_o clown_n in_o any_o of_o our_o ancient_a saxon_a law_n verb._n though_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n give_v we_o some_o example_n of_o the_o use_n of_o it_o in_o the_o german_a law_n there_o signify_v liberi_fw-la ecclesiastici_fw-la quos_fw-la colonos_fw-la vocant_fw-la and_o the_o king_n have_v also_o his_o coloni_fw-la but_o this_o learned_a author_n suppose_v that_o these_o coloni_fw-la answer_v our_o sockman_n who_o be_v certain_o freeman_n and_o not_o villain_n nor_o do_v villanus_fw-la signify_v a_o villain_n but_o a_o countryman_n or_o villager_n in_o general_n till_o after_o the_o conquest_n and_o than_o it_o be_v not_o from_o the_o latin_a but_o french_a idiom_n that_o a_o villain_n come_v to_o signify_v a_o slave_n or_o drudge_n have_v now_o give_v you_o what_o i_o think_v fit_a to_o say_v concern_v the_o several_a tenor_n and_o way_n of_o conveyance_n of_o land_n in_o the_o

interest_n education_n or_o course_n of_o life_n and_o i_o can_v but_o observe_v that_o there_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o man_n who_o head_n seem_v frame_v for_o such_o a_o set_v of_o notion_n rather_o than_o other_o which_o make_v they_o that_o they_o can_v easy_o digest_v any_o thing_n that_o clash_v with_o they_o but_o i_o do_v not_o pretend_v to_o be_v infallible_a or_o to_o propose_v my_o sense_n as_o a_o rule_n and_o standard_n to_o all_o other_o homo_fw-la sum_fw-la nihil_fw-la humanum_fw-la Ã _fw-la i_o alienum_fw-la puto_fw-la as_o the_o comic_a poet_n have_v long_o since_o well_o observe_v one_o thing_n indeed_o i_o think_v i_o may_v pretend_v to_o in_o this_o undertake_n and_o that_o be_v integrity_n for_o i_o look_v upon_o it_o a_o much_o vile_a thing_n either_o to_o falsify_v or_o conceal_v part_n of_o a_o authority_n that_o make_v against_o one_o and_o use_v only_o so_o much_o as_o shall_v serve_v a_o present_a turn_v that_o it_o be_v to_o pick_v a_o pocket_n and_o as_o it_o be_v of_o far_o more_o dangerous_a consequence_n to_o the_o public_a if_o not_o find_v out_o i_o must_v say_v it_o be_v likewise_o more_o easy_o to_o be_v discover_v since_o every_o man_n may_v if_o he_o please_v consult_v the_o author_n that_o such_o writer_n make_v use_v of_o and_o so_o detect_v the_o fraud_n but_o for_o those_o who_o think_v they_o may_v differ_v from_o i_o in_o some_o thing_n with_o good_a reason_n and_o authority_n and_o will_v please_v by_o their_o learned_a labour_n to_o give_v the_o world_n any_o better_a information_n and_o account_n of_o these_o matter_n than_o i_o have_v do_v i_o shall_v be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v displease_v at_o they_o that_o i_o shall_v upon_o full_a satisfaction_n ready_o own_v myself_o very_o much_o in_o their_o debt_n for_o make_v the_o world_n and_o i_o so_o much_o the_o wise_a only_o i_o must_v desire_v to_o be_v treat_v as_o one_o who_o if_o i_o chance_v to_o be_v under_o any_o error_n be_o not_o so_o wilful_o nor_o as_o i_o think_v without_o great_a appearance_n of_o reason_n and_o authority_n on_o my_o side_n since_o i_o call_v god_n to_o witness_v that_o neither_o from_o a_o vain_a ambition_n of_o glory_n nor_o prospect_n of_o any_o temporal_a advantage_n nor_o design_n of_o gratify_v any_o party_n or_o faction_n have_v i_o write_v any_o thing_n that_o may_v disgust_v man_n of_o different_a principle_n and_o notion_n and_o i_o thank_v god_n for_o this_o great_a blessing_n to_o we_o that_o we_o live_v in_o a_o time_n when_o we_o may_v not_o only_o think_v or_o speak_v but_o also_o safe_o write_v what_o we_o believe_v to_o be_v the_o truth_n to_o which_o all_o mankind_n do_v owe_v allegiance_n and_o therefore_o i_o hope_v i_o never_o shall_v abuse_v that_o invaluable_a liberty_n to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o government_n or_o that_o excellent_a constitute_v church_n of_o which_o i_o own_v myself_o a_o member_n be_v full_o satisfy_v that_o the_o main_a end_n of_o all_o our_o write_n ought_v to_o be_v for_o the_o honour_n of_o god_n and_o the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n the_o table_n to_o the_o preface_n and_o introduction_n a._n have_v on_o the_o case_n how_o ancient_a page_n 126_o adultery_n its_o punishment_n 125_o aetheling_n the_o title_n what_o it_o be_v 72_o st._n alban_n his_o suffering_n most_o probable_o a_o legend_n 24_o 25_o 26_o king_n alfred_n his_o preface_n to_o pope_n gregory_n pastoral_n 11._o his_o testament_n with_o observation_n upon_o it_o 51_o 52_o allodium_fw-la land_n hâ—ld_v in_o allodio_n 118_o 119_o annal_n saxon_n a_o brief_a account_n of_o they_o and_o their_o translation_n 10_o 11_o ancient_a demesne_n tenant_n therein_o 121_o antiquity_n of_o the_o ordeal_o 124._o of_o the_o distinction_n between_o manslaughter_n and_o murder_n 126_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o york_n ancient_o of_o equal_a dignity_n and_o power_n 116_o asser_n menevensis_n a_o account_n of_o he_o and_o his_o write_n 12_o 13_o b._n baro_n its_o ancient_a signification_n 93_o 94._o when_o it_o come_v first_o in_o common_a use_n 102_o barones_n comitatÃ»_n what_o they_o be_v 96_o bede_n the_o first_o english_a historian_n 10_o bishopric_n and_o abbey_n often_o bestow_v by_o the_o election_n of_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o the_o saxon-time_n 113_o 114_o bishop_n sometime_o deprive_v by_o the_o same_o council_n 115_o 116_o blasphemy_n vid._n swear_v and_o curse_v bocland_n what_o it_o be_v 118._o the_o same_o with_o land_n in_o allodio_n 119_o dr._n brady_n his_o error_n concern_v the_o english-saxon_a succession_n 50_o 51_o etc._n etc._n britain_n how_o divide_v under_o the_o roman_n pag._n 31_o 32_o bromton_n john_n a_o account_n of_o the_o chronicle_n that_o pass_v under_o his_o name_n 16_o burglary_n how_o punishable_a 126_o burhwitan_n or_o burhwara_n who_o they_o be_v 80_o c._n caradoc_n of_o lancarvon_n his_o welsh_a chronicle_n 15_o ceorl_n or_o ceorl_n man_n i._n e._n countryman_n his_o privilege_n 77_o chancellor_n whence_o derive_v and_o the_o antiquity_n of_o that_o office_n 73_o clip_v and_o coin_v of_o money_n its_o punishment_n 126_o coin_v of_o money_n a_o prerogative_n of_o the_o crown_n 67_o colonus_n its_o signification_n 121_o combat_n single_a or_o duel_n 125_o comes_n littoris_fw-la saxonici_fw-la who_o he_o be_v 33_o commons_o present_a in_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n 88-101_a to_o have_v be_v also_o present_a there_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o k._n william_n i._n 97._o prove_v also_o to_o have_v a_o right_n by_o prescription_n before_o his_o time_n 98_o compurgator_n who_o 125_o conquest_n of_o the_o dane_n and_o norman_n which_o be_v no_o more_o than_o invasion_n never_o alter_v this_o government_n or_o law_n in_o any_o of_o its_o substantial_a part_n 127_o contract_n or_o compact_a original_a between_o the_o first_o english_a saxon_n king_n and_o their_o subject_n prove_v 69_o 70._o and_o that_o more_o ancient_a than_o the_o coronation-oath_n 71_o 72_o coronation_n of_o our_o king_n whence_o derive_v 16_o coronation-oath_n its_o form_n before_o the_o pretend_a conquest_n 58_o cost_v recover_v of_o cost_v and_o damage_n how_o ancient_a pag._n 126_o great_a council_n of_o the_o wites_z for_o what_o end_v they_o be_v establish_v 41_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n its_o original_a 86-88_a the_o person_n of_o who_o it_o consist_v 87-102_a these_o council_n often_o meet_v in_o the_o open_a air_n 104._o it_o be_v power_n in_o make_v law_n 105-08_a county_n their_o division_n more_o ancient_a than_o the_o reign_n of_o k._n alfred_n 84_o the_o county-court_n what_o 84_o court_n of_o justice_n in_o england_n how_o many_o they_o be_v under_o the_o saxon_a king_n 80_o 85_o court-baron_n their_o original_a 82_o craig_n sir_n thomas_n his_o objection_n against_o the_o truth_n and_o antiquity_n of_o our_o english_a historian_n consider_v 18-23_a crown_n of_o england_n not_o bequeathable_a by_o the_o testament_n of_o the_o english-saxon_a king_n 51_o 52_o curia_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la its_o signification_n 85_o d._n danegelt_n first_o impose_v by_o authority_n of_o the_o king_n and_o his_o wites_z 120_o the_o decennary_n or_o tything-court_n what_o 81_o defamation_n how_o punishable_a 126_o degree_n of_o man_n that_o constitute_v the_o common-weal_n 72-80_a demesne_n of_o the_o crown_n can_v not_o be_v grant_v away_o even_o to_o pious_a use_v by_o the_o english-saxon_a king_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o great_a council_n 68_o deprivation_n of_o english_a saxon_a king_n 68_o of_o bishop_n by_o the_o great_a council_n 115_o 116_o deputy_n of_o city_n and_o great_a town_n how_o ancient_a 95_o disposition_n of_o good_n and_o personal_a estate_n either_o by_o deed_n or_o last_o will_n 121_o doom_n or_o judgment-book_n 127_o durham_n simeon_n who_o he_o be_v 15_o dux_n britanniae_fw-la what_o he_o be_v 33_o e._n eadmerus_n his_o history_n pag._n 14_o ealdorman_n the_o title_n 73_o east-angle_n the_o succession_n of_o their_o king_n 45_o east-saxon_a king_n their_o succession_n 43_o ecclesiastical_a law_n by_o who_o make_v 108-113_a ecclesiastical_a power_n settle_v at_o first_o under_o the_o two_o archbishop_n of_o canâ—erbury_n and_o york_n 116_o eddi_n stephen_n author_n of_o the_o life_n of_o bishop_n wilfred_n with_o a_o brief_a account_n of_o he_o 10_o edward_n the_o confessor_n the_o manner_n of_o his_o election_n 61_o electus_n &_o eligerunt_fw-la their_o true_a signification_n 55_o 56_o encomium_fw-la emmae_fw-la 14_o english-saxons_a vid._n saxon_n eorl_n 74_o ethelwerd_n surname_v quaestor_n a_o account_n of_o he_o and_o his_o work_n 14_o f._n feng_n to_o rice_n the_o meaning_n of_o that_o saxon_a phrase_n 55_o feudal_n land_n what_o 122_o fideles_fw-la who_o they_o be_v in_o the_o saxon_a government_n 107_o fidelium_fw-la multitudo_fw-la in_o the_o charter_n of_o king_n ethelwulf_n what_o it_o signify_v 104_o 105_o fine_n and_o mulct_n their_o difference_n set_v down_o in_o a_o

of_o their_o ancestor_n do_v advance_v even_o these_o young_a man_n to_o the_o degree_n and_o honour_n of_o be_v a_o chief_a man._n from_o hence_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o all_o nobility_n among_o the_o ancient_a german_n be_v at_o first_o military_n as_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o noble_a and_o valiant_a act_n of_o their_o ancestor_n in_o war_n and_o thence_o proceed_v all_o the_o present_a ensign_n of_o it_o videlicet_fw-la the_o shield_n on_o which_o our_o coat_n of_o arm_n be_v now_o depict_v as_o also_o the_o helmet_n and_o crest_n that_o stand_v for_o a_o ornament_n over_o they_o for_o until_o some_o brave_a and_o worthy_a act_n be_v perform_v it_o be_v not_o lawful_a among_o the_o german_n for_o a_o young_a warrior_n to_o paint_v any_o device_n upon_o his_o shield_n which_o be_v only_o personal_a to_o himself_o and_o extend_v not_o to_o his_o posterity_n the_o five_o be_v that_o dotem_fw-la non_fw-la vxor_fw-la marito_fw-la sed_fw-la vxori_fw-la maritus_fw-la offer_v viz._n the_o husband_n settle_v a_o dower_n upon_o the_o wife_n and_o not_o vice_fw-la versÃ¢_fw-la the_o wife_n upon_o the_o husband_n which_o show_v the_o antiquity_n of_o doweâ—_n among_o the_o german_n and_o english-saxons_a and_o as_o mr._n selden_n upon_o this_o law_n observe_v it_o be_v call_v ancient_o morgangheb_v among_o they_o the_o six_o show_v that_o accisis_fw-la crinibus_fw-la nudatam_fw-la adulteram_fw-la coram_fw-la propinquis_fw-la expellit_fw-la domo_fw-la maritus_fw-la ac_fw-la per_fw-la omnem_fw-la vicum_fw-la verbere_fw-la agit_fw-fr viz._n for_o adultery_n the_o husband_n turn_v the_o wife_n out_o of_o his_o house_n in_o the_o presence_n of_o her_o relation_n have_v first_o cut_v off_o her_o hair_n and_o be_v then_o stripe_v whip_v she_o through_o the_o town_n but_o the_o severity_n of_o this_o punishment_n if_o ever_o it_o be_v in_o use_n here_o be_v quite_o abolish_v by_o the_o english-saxons_a as_o you_o will_v find_v from_o the_o law_n about_o it_o the_o seven_o 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statute_n be_v first_o make_v which_o give_v the_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n power_n to_o bequeath_v his_o estate_n by_o will_n provide_v there_o be_v enough_o leave_v to_o perform_v the_o service_n the_o eight_o say_v that_o suscipere_fw-la inimicitias_fw-la seu_fw-la patris_fw-la seu_fw-la propinqui_fw-la quam_fw-la amicitias_fw-la necesse_fw-la est_fw-la viz._n it_o be_v absolute_o necessary_a to_o continue_v the_o enmity_n of_o a_o father_n or_o near_a kinsman_n as_o well_o as_o friendship_n from_o whence_o as_o mr._n selden_n well_o observe_v arise_v those_o family-quarrel_n call_v in_o the_o north_n of_o england_n deadly_a feud_n which_o you_o will_v also_o find_v mention_v in_o the_o ensue_a collection_n of_o saxon_a law_n and_o which_o be_v continue_v in_o scotland_n even_o to_o this_o day_n but_o to_o proceed_v with_o tacitus_n he_o say_v nec_fw-la implacabiles_fw-la durant_fw-mi luitur_fw-la enim_fw-la etiam_fw-la homicidium_fw-la certo_fw-la armentorum_fw-la as_o pecorum_fw-la numero_fw-la recipÃtque_fw-la satisfactionem_fw-la universa_fw-la domus_fw-la viz._n that_o they_o do_v not_o remain_v implacable_a for_o the_o homicide_n be_v recompense_v with_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o great_a and_o small_a cattle_n and_o the_o whole_a family_n thereupon_o receive_v satisfaction_n this_o custom_n continue_v long_a not_o only_o among_o the_o german_n but_o also_o english-saxons_a the_o price_n of_o blood_n be_v to_o be_v redeem_v at_o a_o certain_a rate_n according_a to_o each_o man_n condition_n which_o you_o will_v hereafter_o often_o find_v in_o the_o say_a law_n to_o be_v mention_v under_o the_o title_n of_o wiregild_n and_o in_o the_o law_n of_o king_n aethelstan_n you_o will_v meet_v with_o the_o particular_a price_n of_o each_o man_n head_n from_o the_o clown_n even_o to_o the_o king_n himself_o the_o estimation_n of_o who_o life_n be_v likewise_o there_o set_v down_o tho'_o at_o a_o much_o high_a rate_n as_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v than_o that_o of_o other_o man_n but_o of_o this_o we_o shall_v speak_v more_o anon_o the_o nine_o law_n bear_v that_o frumenti_fw-la modum_fw-la dominus_fw-la aut_fw-la pecoris_fw-la aut_fw-la vestis_fw-la colono_n injungit_fw-la viz._n the_o lord_n of_o the_o soil_n prescribe_v to_o the_o husbandman_n what_o quantity_n of_o corn_n cattle_n or_o clothes_n he_o shall_v pay_v he_o from_o whence_o we_o may_v take_v notice_n of_o the_o antiquity_n of_o rent_n reserve_v upon_o farm_n which_o be_v chief_o in_o provision_n and_o not_o in_o money_n as_o it_o continue_v for_o a_o long_a time_n after_o the_o conquest_n here_o in_o england_n and_o remain_v so_o in_o scotland_n even_o to_o this_o day_n have_v thus_o do_v with_o the_o law_n we_o shall_v next_o descend_v to_o the_o people_n who_o practise_v they_o ranzovii_n the_o ancient_a saxon_n as_o adam_n of_o bremen_n from_o einhardus_fw-la relate_v be_v like_o the_o german_n divide_v into_o these_o four_o sort_n viz._n nobleman_n freeman_n slave_n 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several_a degree_n of_o people_n abovemention_v it_o be_v fit_a we_o shall_v say_v something_o of_o the_o head_n of_o the_o saxon_a common-weal_n viz._n their_o king_n who_o though_o he_o be_v choose_v in_o all_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o heptarchy_n out_o of_o the_o blood-royal_a of_o woden_n their_o first_o leader_n of_o this_o gothick_n colony_n into_o europe_n as_o appear_v by_o their_o pedigree_n at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o book_n yet_o be_v they_o at_o first_o no_o better_a than_o general_n in_o war_n 12._o and_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n they_o have_v little_a or_o no_o power_n as_o we_o may_v see_v in_o bede_n for_o he_o speak_v of_o the_o province_n of_o the_o hither_o i._n e._n east_n frizeland_n from_o whence_o he_o suppose_v our_o saxon_a ancestor_n to_o have_v come_v and_o to_o which_o the_o two_o hewald_n the_o white_a and_o the_o black_a go_v to_o preach_v the_o gospel_n and_o be_v there_o martyr_v for_o their_o pain_n he_o have_v this_o remarkable_a passage_n non_fw-la enim_fw-la habent_fw-la regem_fw-la iidem_fw-la antiqui_fw-la saxones_n sed_fw-la satrap_n plurimos_fw-la suae_fw-la genti_fw-la praepositos_fw-la qui_fw-la ingruente_fw-la belli_n articulo_fw-la mittunt_fw-la aequalitÃ¨r_fw-la sort_n &_o quemcunque_fw-la sor_n ostenderit_fw-la hunc_fw-la tempore_fw-la belli_n ducem_fw-la omnes_fw-la sequuntur_fw-la &_o huic_fw-la obtemperant_fw-la peracto_fw-la autÃ¨m_fw-la bello_fw-la rursum_fw-la aequalis_fw-la potentiae_fw-la omnes_fw-la fiunt_fw-la satrapae_fw-la i._n e._n for_o the_o ancient_a saxon_n say_v he_o have_v no_o king_n but_o several_a nobleman_n of_o their_o own_o nation_n set_v over_o they_o who_o on_o the_o break_n out_o of_o any_o war_n cast_v lot_n and_o on_o whosoever_o the_o lot_n happen_v to_o fall_v all_o the_o people_n during_o that_o war_n follow_v and_o obey_v he_o as_o their_o general_n but_o when_o the_o war_n be_v over_o and_o at_o a_o end_n all_o these_o lord_n again_o become_v of_o equal_a power_n and_o it_o be_v likewise_o very_o observable_a that_o neither_o bede_n nor_o any_o other_o german_a author_n who_o relate_v the_o story_n of_o

the_o valuation_n of_o his_o life_n in_o aethelstan_n law_n this_o come_v be_v not_o to_o be_v take_v in_o that_o sense_n as_o if_o he_o be_v a_o count_n or_o lord_n as_o now_o understand_v be_v only_o a_o come_v or_o companion_n in_o respect_n of_o those_o of_o his_o own_o rank_n or_o degree_n and_o interpret_v by_o mr._n lambard_n by_o custos-paganus_a 5._o and_o so_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v the_o chief_a man_n or_o captain_n in_o a_o town_n or_o village_n and_o be_v to_o head_n all_o those_o he_o bring_v with_o he_o from_o thence_o into_o the_o field_n and_o therefore_o the_o penalty_n be_v the_o more_o severe_a on_o he_o if_o he_o run_v away_o lest_o he_o shall_v infect_v other_o by_o his_o bad_a example_n since_o i_o have_v be_v so_o large_a in_o this_o introduction_n i_o have_v choose_v but_o slight_o to_o mention_v these_o dignity_n and_o office_n for_o they_o have_v be_v so_o learned_o and_o full_o handle_v by_o mr._n selden_n in_o his_o title_n of_o honour_n 5._o as_o also_o by_o dr._n brady_n in_o his_o first_o part_n of_o the_o saxon_a history_n and_o by_o dr._n howel_n in_o his_o discourse_n of_o the_o polity_n of_o the_o english_a saxon_n â—_o i_o shall_v refer_v the_o reader_n to_o they_o for_o his_o far_a satisfaction_n and_o will_v only_o speak_v of_o two_o degree_n of_o man_n more_o of_o who_o it_o seem_v be_v below_o their_o notice_n they_o give_v we_o but_o a_o short_a account_n the_o first_o be_v that_o of_o ceorle_fw-mi or_o countryman_n ceorle_n from_o whence_o our_o word_n carle_n or_o churl_n be_v derive_v indeed_o he_o can_v not_o be_v possess_v of_o what_o be_v call_v bockland_n or_o free-land_n conveyable_a by_o deed_n but_o however_o he_o be_v as_o free_a as_o to_o his_o person_n and_o property_n as_o the_o great_a thane_n of_o they_o all_o and_o therefore_o we_o find_v in_o the_o law_n of_o king_n alfred_n divers_a pecuniary_a penalty_n enact_v against_o those_o who_o shall_v commit_v adultery_n with_o a_o country-man_n wife_n or_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o vitiate_v the_o chastity_n of_o his_o servant_n or_o slave_n or_o shall_v break_v the_o peace_n by_o fight_v either_o in_o his_o house_n or_o yard_n and_o as_o for_o his_o person_n by_o the_o last_o of_o those_o law_n it_o be_v appoint_v what_o satisfaction_n in_o money_n shall_v be_v pay_v by_o any_o who_o wound_n or_o maim_v he_o even_o to_o nail_v of_o his_o little_a finger_n and_o this_o law_n as_o equal_o extend_v to_o he_o as_o to_o those_o of_o the_o great_a quality_n and_o because_o the_o nobility_n or_o gentry_n be_v too_o apt_a to_o abuse_v these_o poor_a countryman_n who_o be_v their_o tenant_n and_o vassal_n the_o thirty_o first_o law_n of_o king_n alfred_n ordain_v what_o satisfaction_n a_o man_n be_v to_o make_v for_o any_o way_n injure_v and_o misuse_v a_o ceorle_n man_n by_o bind_v he_o beat_v he_o or_o cut_v off_o his_o hair_n frolic_v i_o suppose_v too_o often_o then_o in_o fashion_n among_o some_o ill-natured_a domineer_a gentleman_n which_o make_v this_o merciful_a and_o good_a king_n provide_v such_o a_o necessary_a law_n for_o their_o future_a security_n and_o further_o to_o prove_v their_o freedom_n it_o be_v likewise_o enact_v in_o the_o law_n of_o king_n ina_n that_o if_o a_o ceorlesman_n shall_v refuse_v go_v out_o to_o war_n he_o be_v to_o forfeit_v thirty_o shilling_n which_o show_v that_o he_o be_v such_o a_o man_n as_o be_v to_o have_v weapon_n of_o his_o own_o for_o the_o defence_n of_o himself_o and_o service_n of_o his_o country_n which_o be_v also_o require_v by_o the_o law_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n in_o title_n greve_n 65._o and_o therefore_o dr._n brady_n be_v very_o much_o out_o in_o limit_v the_o title_n of_o freeman_n mention_v in_o king_n edward_n 35._o law_n only_o to_o such_o as_o be_v tenant_n by_o military_a service_n for_o that_o law_n say_v no_o such_o thing_n but_o only_o that_o all_o the_o freeman_n in_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n according_a to_o their_o several_a respective_a estate_n good_n and_o possession_n and_o to_o their_o fee_n and_o tenement_n aught_o to_o have_v arm_n and_o keep_v they_o ready_a for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o kingdom_n etc._n etc._n where_o you_o may_v observe_v that_o all_o estate_n good_n and_o possession_n of_o what_o kind_n soever_o do_v hereby_o capacitate_v man_n to_o keep_v arm_n and_o consequent_o give_v they_o the_o title_n of_o freeman_n and_o therefore_o be_v not_o limit_v to_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n alone_o as_o also_o appear_v from_o the_o assize_n of_o arm_n appoint_v by_o king_n henry_n the_o second_o hovedeâ—_n the_o high_a degree_n of_o these_o ceorle_n be_v those_o call_v liberi_fw-la socmanni_n socman_n i._n e._n free_a socman_n so_o call_v from_o soc_n which_o in_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n signify_v a_o blow_n of_o these_o we_o find_v no_o mention_n till_o the_o law_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n 12._o where_o the_o manbote_n i._n e._n satisfaction_n for_o a_o servant_n slay_v be_v by_o danelage_n i._n e._n the_o danish_a law_n due_a from_o a_o villain_n or_o villager_n and_o a_o socman_n twelve_o oar_n from_o a_o freeman_n three_o mark_n not_o that_o this_o socman_n here_o put_v as_o distinct_a from_o freeman_n be_v real_o a_o slave_n but_o only_o as_o freemen_n be_v then_o take_v proper_o for_o gentleman_n or_o freeholder_n for_o that_o these_o sockman_n be_v free_a as_o to_o their_o person_n though_o not_o land_n appear_v by_o the_o old_a natura_fw-la brevium_fw-la recto_n where_o it_o define_v a_o socman_n to_o be_v such_o a_o tenant_n who_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n or_o any_o other_o lord_n land_n and_o tenement_n by_o villain_n or_o base_a service_n and_o be_v privilege_v in_o this_o manner_n that_o none_o can_v eject_v he_o from_o those_o land_n and_o tenement_n so_o long_o as_o he_o can_v do_v the_o service_n belong_v to_o the_o same_o this_o i_o have_v take_v notice_n of_o because_o dr._n brady_n in_o his_o preface_n before_o his_o norman_a history_n as_o also_o indivers_a 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small_a tithe_n shall_v be_v pay_v out_o of_o and_o recite_v that_o they_o have_v be_v grant_v long_o before_o a_o rege_fw-la baronibus_fw-la &_o popâ—lo_n that_o be_v by_o the_o king_n the_o baron_n and_o the_o people_n and_o though_o the_o word_n baron_n be_v not_o common_o use_v till_o the_o time_n of_o king_n william_n the_o first_o when_o these_o law_n be_v draw_v up_o in_o the_o form_n we_o now_o have_v they_o upon_o a_o inquisition_n grant_v to_o the_o ancient_n and_o wise_a man_n of_o all_o the_o county_n in_o england_n as_o rog._n hoveden_n inform_v we_o yet_o be_v this_o but_o a_o recital_n of_o the_o ancient_a law_n of_o tithe_n in_o the_o dialect_n of_o those_o time_n when_o the_o word_n baron_n come_v to_o be_v use_v instead_o of_o thane_n the_o ten_o appoint_v after_o what_o manner_n the_o ordeal_o or_o judgement_n by_o fire_n or_o water_n shall_v be_v execute_v by_o the_o bishop_n officer_n and_o the_o king_n justice_n upon_o those_o that_o deserve_v it_o from_o which_o 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repress_v which_o there_o be_v twelvepence_n impose_v upon_o every_o hide_n of_o land_n throughout_o england_n to_o be_v pay_v yearly_o which_o also_o show_v we_o about_o what_o time_n these_o law_n be_v collect_v into_o the_o form_n we_o now_o have_v they_o by_o this_o clause_n viz._n that_o the_o church_n be_v excuse_v from_o this_o payment_n until_o the_o time_n of_o william_n rufus_n who_o as_o be_v here_o recite_v ask_v a_o aid_n of_o his_o baron_n for_o the_o obtain_n normandy_n from_o his_o brother_n then_o go_v to_o jerusalem_n there_o be_v grant_v to_o he_o not_o by_o any_o stand_a law_n but_o only_o for_o the_o present_a necessity_n four_o shilling_n upon_o every_o hide_n of_o land_n the_o church_n not_o except_v the_o thirteen_o set_v forth_o that_o the_o peace_n of_o the_o king_n be_v manifold_a as_o sometime_o it_o be_v give_v by_o his_o own_o hand_n which_o the_o english_a call_v cyninge_n honde_v seal_v gryth_n this_o protection_n be_v grant_v not_o only_o to_o person_n but_o place_n also_o by_o way_n of_o privilege_n as_o likewise_o to_o church_n or_o churhman_n within_o their_o own_o wall_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o league_n betwixt_o king_n edward_n and_o guthrum_n in_o which_o it_o be_v term_v cyninge_n honde_a gryth_n another_o sort_n of_o peace_n be_v on_o the_o coronation-day_n which_o last_v eight_o day_n that_o at_o christmas_n which_o hold_v also_o eight_o day_n and_o so_o on_o the_o feast_n of_o easter_n and_o whitsuntide_n another_o sort_n be_v give_v by_o his_o brief_a or_o letter_n and_o another_o there_o be_v belong_v to_o the_o four_o great_a highway_n viz._n watling-streete_n foss_n hickenildstreet_n and_o ermingstreet_n whereof_o two_o be_v extend_v to_o the_o length_n and_o two_o to_o the_o breadth_n of_o the_o kingdom_n another_o still_o there_o be_v belong_v to_o the_o river_n of_o note_n mlxvi_o which_o convey_v provision_n to_o town_n and_o city_n from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o this_o peace_n of_o the_o king_n be_v a_o privilege_n or_o exemption_n grant_v to_o person_n not_o to_o be_v sue_v or_o answer_v at_o law_n in_o any_o action_n â—rought_v against_o they_o during_o certain_a solemn_a and_o state_v time_n and_o in_o certain_a of_o the_o most_o famous_a and_o frequent_v highway_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o fourteen_o declare_v that_o all_o treasure_n prove_v shall_v be_v the_o king_n be_v unless_o it_o be_v find_v in_o a_o church_n or_o church-yard_n in_o which_o case_n if_o it_o be_v gold_n it_o be_v all_o the_o king_n be_v but_o if_o silver_n one_o half_a be_v to_o go_v to_o he_o and_o another_o to_o the_o church_n the_o fifteen_o treat_v of_o murder_n and_o declare_v if_o any_o one_o be_v murder_v the_o murderer_n shall_v be_v inquire_v after_o in_o the_o village_n or_o town_n where_o the_o body_n be_v find_v and_o if_o he_o be_v discover_v to_o be_v deliver_v up_o to_o the_o king_n justice_n within_o eight_o day_n after_o the_o fact_n commit_v and_o in_o case_n he_o can_v not_o be_v find_v a_o month_n and_o a_o day_n be_v allow_v for_o search_v after_o he_o within_o which_o term_n if_o he_o can_v not_o be_v seize_v on_o forty_o six_o mark_n be_v to_o be_v collect_v out_o of_o that_o town_n and_o if_o it_o be_v not_o able_a to_o pay_v so_o much_o than_o the_o hundred_o be_v liable_a to_o make_v it_o good_a and_o forasmuch_o as_o this_o payment_n can_v not_o be_v make_v in_o the_o town_n and_o great_a inconvenience_n arise_v the_o baron_n i.e._n the_o freeholder_n of_o the_o county_n take_v care_v that_o six_o and_o forty_o mark_n shall_v be_v pay_v out_o of_o the_o hundred_o which_o be_v seal_v up_o with_o the_o seal_n of_o some_o one_o baron_n of_o the_o county_n they_o be_v to_o be_v send_v to_o the_o treasurer_n and_o by_o

civil_a matter_n the_o word_n of_o this_o last_o king_n law_n run_v thus_o exit_fw-la etc._n omni_fw-la comitatu_fw-la bis_fw-la quotannis_fw-la conventus_fw-la agitor_fw-la cui_fw-la quidem_fw-la illius_fw-la dioecesis_fw-la episcopus_fw-la &_o senator_n intersunto_fw-la quorum_fw-la alter_fw-la jura_n divina_fw-la humana_fw-la alter_fw-la populum_fw-la edoceto_fw-la in_o every_o county_n let_v there_o be_v twice_o a_o year_n a_o assembly_n of_o the_o people_n whereat_o the_o bishop_n of_o the_o diocese_n and_o the_o earl_n shall_v be_v present_a the_o one_o to_o direct_v in_o divine_a the_o other_o in_o humane_a matter_n which_o so_o continue_v the_o bishop_n and_o earl_n sit_v therein_o together_o until_o king_n william_n the_o conqueror_n in_o a_o full_a convention_n of_o his_o archbishop_n bishop_n abbot_n and_o temporal_a lord_n command_v that_o 12._o ecclesiastical_a matter_n shall_v thenceforth_o be_v handle_v by_o the_o bishop_n in_o court_n of_o their_o own_o and_o not_o any_o more_o be_v discuss_v among_o secular_a affair_n in_o this_o court_n as_o well_o as_o in_o that_o of_o the_o country_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o king_n henry_n i._o these_o person_n follow_v be_v to_o be_v present_a as_o may_v appear_v by_o this_o clause_n intersint_fw-la autÃ¨m_fw-la episcopi_fw-la comites_fw-la 7._o vicedomini_fw-la vicarii_fw-la centenarii_fw-la aldermanni_n preafecti_n praepositi_fw-la barones_n vavassores_fw-la tungrevii_fw-la &_o caeteri_fw-la terrarum_fw-la domini_fw-la diligentÃ¨r_fw-la intendentes_fw-la nÃ¨_fw-la malorum_fw-la impunitas_fw-la aut_fw-la gravionum_fw-la pravitas_fw-la vel_fw-la judicum_fw-la subversio_fw-la solita_fw-la miseros_fw-la laceratione_n confiniant_fw-la agantur_fw-la itÃ¢que_fw-la primÃ²_fw-la debita_fw-la verae_fw-la christianitatis_fw-la jura_n secundÃ²_fw-la regis_fw-la placita_fw-la postremÃ²_fw-la causae_fw-la singulorum_fw-la dignis_fw-la satisfactionis_fw-la expleantur_fw-la scil._n ecclesiastical_a cause_n and_o plea_n of_o the_o crown_n in_o the_o turn_v but_o private_a cause_n in_o the_o county_n court_n vid._n coke_n be_v 4_o the_o instit._fw-la 259_o 260._o where_o you_o will_v find_v that_o the_o turn_v be_v a_o court_n of_o record_n hold_v before_o the_o sheriff_n the_o ancient_a institution_n thereof_o be_v before_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la to_o hear_v and_o determine_v all_o felony_n death_n of_o man_n except_v and_o common_a nuisance_n 260._o see_v the_o stat._n mag._n chart._n c._n 17._o and_o the_o exposition_n of_o the_o same_o in_o the_o 2_o d._n instit._n the_o style_n of_o this_o court_n be_v curia_fw-la visus_fw-la franc._n domini_fw-la regis_fw-la apud_fw-la b._n coram_fw-la vicecomite_n in_fw-la turno_fw-la svo_fw-la etc._n etc._n ibid._n the_o reason_n of_o which_o be_v because_o in_o this_o court_n the_o pledge_n or_o surety_n of_o every_o decennary_n or_o tithing_n be_v enter_v before_o the_o court_n leet_n be_v take_v out_o of_o it_o and_o grant_v to_o particular_a lord_n of_o manor_n which_o sir_n h._n spelman_n in_o his_o glossary_a suppose_n to_o have_v be_v do_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n alfred_n laeta_n but_o since_o i_o find_v nothing_o concern_v these_o court_n leet_n till_o after_o the_o conquest_n i_o shall_v defer_v the_o far_o treat_v of_o they_o to_o that_o time_n i_o have_v no_o more_o to_o say_v of_o this_o court_n but_o that_o it_o be_v also_o call_v the_o folcmote_a and_o in_o which_o by_o edward_n the_o confessor_n law_n all_o freeman_n be_v to_o take_v the_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n or_o fidelity_n to_o the_o king_n 35._o as_o appear_v by_o the_o law_n itself_o omnes_fw-la proceres_fw-la regni_fw-la milites_fw-la &_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la britanniae_fw-la facere_fw-la debent_fw-la fidelitatem_fw-la domino_fw-la regi_fw-la in_o pleno_fw-la folcmoto_fw-la corÃ m_fw-la episcopis_fw-la regni_fw-la etc._n etc._n you_o will_v likewise_o find_v in_o the_o same_o law_n just_o precede_v this_o a_o extraordinary_a assembly_n of_o this_o folcmote_a upon_o any_o sudden_a danger_n which_o meet_v on_o ring_v of_o the_o bell_n call_v in_o english_a motbel_n and_o there_o they_o be_v to_o consult_v how_o to_o prevent_v the_o danger_n ibid._n the_o second_o of_o these_o court_n be_v call_v the_o county-court_n and_o be_v also_o very_a ancient_n and_o to_o be_v hold_v once_o every_o month_n by_o the_o shireeve_n as_o from_o k._n edward_n the_o elder_n be_v a._n law_n appear_z praepositus_fw-la quÃsque_fw-la ad_fw-la quartam_fw-la circitÃ¨r_fw-la quamque_fw-la septimanam_fw-la frequentem_fw-la populi_fw-la concionem_fw-la celebrato_fw-la cuÃque_fw-la jus_o dicito_fw-la aequabile_fw-la litesque_fw-la singulas_fw-la cum_fw-la dies_fw-la condicti_fw-la advenerint_fw-la dirimito_fw-la every_o shireeve_n shall_v convene_v the_o people_n once_o a_o month_n and_o do_v equal_a right_n to_o all_o put_v a_o end_n to_o controversy_n at_o time_n appoint_v to_o this_o court_n be_v antienly_a appeal_n make_v from_o the_o hundred-court_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o law_n of_o canutus_n et_fw-la nemo_fw-la namium_fw-la capiat_fw-la in_o comitatu_fw-la vel_fw-la extra_fw-la comitatum_fw-la priusquam_fw-la ter_z in_o hundredo_fw-la svo_fw-la rectum_fw-la sibi_fw-la perquisierit_fw-la curia_fw-la si_fw-la tertia_fw-la vice_fw-la rectum_fw-la non_fw-la habeat_fw-la eat_v quarta_fw-la vice_fw-la ad_fw-la conventum_fw-la totius_fw-la comitatus_fw-la quod_fw-la anglicÃ¨_fw-la dicitur_fw-la scyremot_n etc._n etc._n no_o man_n by_o a_o distress_n shall_v compel_v another_o to_o the_o county-court_n unless_o he_o have_v thrice_o complain_v in_o the_o hundred-court_n but_o if_o he_o have_v not_o right_o the_o three_o time_n he_o may_v then_o sue_v in_o the_o county-court_n which_o be_v call_v the_o scyregemot_n and_o beside_o say_v sir_n william_n dugdale_n 1._o regis_fw-la placita_fw-la &_o causa_fw-la singulorum_fw-la debita_fw-la verae_fw-la christianitatis_fw-la jura_fw-la be_v first_o determine_v here_o where_o interest_n debent_fw-la commissarii_fw-la episcopi_fw-la comites_fw-la &_o ecclesiae_fw-la potestates_fw-la and_o the_o presbyter_n ecclesiae_fw-la as_o well_o as_o quatuor_fw-la de_fw-la melioribus_fw-la villae_fw-la be_v oblige_v to_o attendance_n qui_fw-la dei_fw-la leges_fw-la as_o well_o as_o seculi_fw-la negotia_fw-la justÃ¢_fw-la consideratione_n definirent_fw-la and_o a_o little_a after_o he_o further_o proceed_v thus_o now_o let_v we_o see_v of_o what_o thing_n the_o sheriff_n here_o antien_o hold_v plea_n ad_fw-la vicecomites_fw-la pertinent_a ista_fw-la say_v glanvile_n placitum_fw-la de_fw-fr recto_n de_fw-fr liberis_fw-la tenementis_fw-la per_fw-la breve_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la 4._o ubi_fw-la curia_fw-la dominorum_fw-la probatur_fw-la de_fw-la recto_n defecisse_fw-la placitum_fw-la de_fw-la nativis_fw-la sed_fw-la per_fw-la breve_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la id_fw-la est_fw-la it_o belong_v to_o the_o shireeve_n to_o hold_v plea_n in_o this_o court_n upon_o a_o writ_n of_o right_o concern_v freehold_n in_o case_n where_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o manor_n wherein_o the_o land_n lie_v have_v not_o do_v justice_n as_o also_o to_o hold_v plea_n concern_v bondman_n but_o by_o the_o king_n be_v write_v i_o shall_v say_v no_o more_o of_o this_o court_n but_o refer_v the_o reader_n to_o the_o say_a book_n from_o whence_o i_o have_v take_v most_o of_o those_o thing_n i_o have_v here_o give_v you_o concern_v all_o these_o court_n jurid_a wherein_o he_o may_v find_v at_o large_a how_o great_a the_o power_n of_o this_o court_n be_v not_o only_o before_o but_o after_o the_o conquest_n and_o i_o have_v also_o reserve_v the_o treat_v of_o these_o two_o court_n by_o themselves_o because_o though_o the_o 3_o former_a be_v suppose_v by_o some_o to_o be_v of_o k._n alfred_n erection_n upon_o his_o new_a reformation_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o these_o two_o be_v not_o so_o for_o notwithstanding_o ingulf_n tell_v we_o that_o this_o king_n alfred_n first_o divide_v the_o province_n of_o england_n into_o county_n yet_o we_o find_v mr._n selden_n learned_o make_v it_o out_o 510._o that_o alfred_n be_v not_o the_o first_o that_o divide_v the_o kingdom_n into_o shire_n or_o county_n for_o say_v he_o before_o alfred_n time_n those_o province_n have_v their_o ealdorman_n in_o they_o thus_o we_o read_v of_o ethelwolfus_n barocensis_n pagae_n come_v and_o ceorle_fw-mi domnaniae_fw-la comes_fw-la and_o eanulf_n somersetensis_n pagae_n come_v for_o the_o earldom_n of_o berkshire_n devonshire_n and_o somersetshire_n under_o king_n ethelwolf_n father_n to_o king_n alfred_n be_v remember_v in_o asserius_fw-la menevensis_fw-la that_o live_v in_o king_n alfred_n time_n two_o of_o they_o be_v also_o in_o 3._o ethelwerd_n a_o writer_n of_o the_o saxon_a time_n beside_o osric_n dorsetum_n dux_n for_o eolderman_n of_o dorset_n eâ—lchere_n or_o alchere_n be_v at_o the_o same_o time_n ealdorman_n of_o kent_n and_o auda_n or_o wuda_n of_o surrey_n as_o we_o have_v it_o in_o hoveden_n huntingdon_n and_o in_o that_o asserius_fw-la also_o and_o ingulphus_n have_v the_o charter_n of_o king_n ethelbald_n foundation_n of_o crowland_n whereunto_o the_o comites_fw-la of_o leicester_n and_o of_o lincoln_n both_o subscribe_v to_o which_o i_o may_v also_o add_v divers_a example_n that_o you_o will_v meet_v with_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n in_o the_o follow_a history_n out_o of_o the_o saxon_a annal_n have_v thus_o dispatch_v these_o inferior_a

great_a lord_n or_o senator_n then_o present_o he_o be_v with_o the_o doctor_n a_o trifle_a old_a monk_n very_o little_a curious_a in_o observe_v the_o constituent_a part_n or_o member_n of_o our_o saxon_a great_a council_n have_v thus_o show_v some_o of_o dr._n brady_n erroneous_a and_o inconsiderate_a gloss_n concern_v the_o english-saxon_a nobility_n before_o the_o conquest_n which_o he_o vain_o suppose_v to_o have_v be_v the_o same_o as_o it_o be_v at_o this_o day_n i_o shall_v now_o endeavour_v to_o settle_v some_o true_a notion_n relate_v to_o those_o great_a council_n which_o as_o to_o the_o lay-member_n beside_o the_o ealdorman_n abovementioned_a i_o conceive_v consist_v of_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o thanes_z or_o freeholders_n who_o be_v then_o all_o gentleman_n either_o by_o birth_n or_o estate_n for_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v from_o the_o law_n of_o king_n athelstan_n that_o a_o mere_a ceorl_n man_n if_o he_o have_v purchase_v five_o hide_n of_o thane_n land_n do_v thereby_o become_v equal_a in_o all_o respect_n to_o a_o thane_n now_o if_o the_o word_n thane_n before_o the_o conquest_n signify_v the_o same_o with_o the_o word_n baro_n which_o come_v into_o common_a use_n after_o that_o time_n as_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n and_o mr._n selden_n both_o grant_v it_o do_v and_o mr._n camden_n in_o his_o introduction_n to_o his_o first_o edition_n of_o his_o britannia_n in_o 4_o o_o be_v yet_o more_o express_a as_o to_o this_o word_n baro_n as_o you_o may_v see_v by_o this_o remarkable_a passage_n verÃ¹m_fw-la baro_n ex_fw-la illis_fw-la nominibus_fw-la videatur_fw-la quae_fw-la tempus_fw-la paulatÃ¬m_fw-la meliora_fw-la &_o molliora_fw-la reddidit_fw-la nam_fw-la longÃ²_fw-la post_fw-la tempore_fw-la non_fw-la milites_fw-la sed_fw-la qui_fw-la liberi_fw-la erant_fw-la domini_fw-la &_o thani_fw-la saxonibus_fw-la dicebantur_fw-la barones_n vocari_fw-la coeperunt_fw-la nec_fw-la dum_fw-la magni_fw-la honoris_fw-la erant_fw-la paulÃ²_fw-la autem_fw-la 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be_v call_v baron_n of_o the_o county_n who_o preside_v in_o county-court_n that_o be_v who_o be_v judge_n of_o those_o court_n who_o hen._n 1_o in_o the_o 30_o the_o chapter_n of_o his_o law_n show_v to_o be_v the_o free_a tenant_n of_o the_o county_n the_o king_n judge_n say_v he_o be_v the_o baron_n of_o the_o county_n who_o have_v freehold_a land_n in_o they_o by_o who_o the_o cause_n of_o each_o of_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v try_v and_o adjudge_v in_o their_o respective_a turn_n and_o there_o also_o immediate_o follow_v in_o the_o same_o law_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o another_o clause_n whereby_o villain_n and_o all_o such_o mean_a and_o beggarly_a fellow_n call_v there_o cocsetti_n or_o perdingi_n be_v not_o to_o be_v reckon_v among_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o law_n for_o they_o neither_o in_o the_o hundred_o nor_o in_o the_o county_n forfeit_v their_o own_o money_n nor_o that_o of_o their_o master_n this_o i_o think_v be_v sufficient_a to_o prove_v that_o all_o such_o base_a 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knight_n service_n which_o he_o will_v prove_v from_o the_o heregeat_fw-la or_o heriot_n that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o king_n cnute_n be_v to_o be_v pay_v to_o their_o lord_n by_o their_o heir_n in_o horse_n and_o money_n and_o certain_a arms._n well_o let_v this_o for_o once_o be_v admit_v but_o i_o will_v then_o have_v the_o doctor_n never_o to_o urge_v military_a or_o knight-service_n as_o a_o badge_n of_o the_o norman_a conquest_n any_o more_o and_o in_o the_o next_o treatise_n which_o he_o shall_v please_v to_o publish_v i_o will_v desire_v he_o to_o make_v it_o out_o that_o none_o but_o the_o king_n thanes_z who_o be_v all_o one_o with_o his_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la after_o the_o conquest_n have_v any_o place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o without_o this_o he_o do_v nothing_o yet_o thus_o much_o i_o must_v say_v for_o he_o that_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o answer_n to_o mr._n petyt_n 10._o he_o seem_v to_o be_v somewhat_o more_o good-natured_a make_v the_o saxon_a wittena_n gemote_n more_o large_a and_o diffusive_a for_o in_o they_o he_o own_v be_v arch-bishop_n bishop_n masse-thegnes_a or_o dignify_v and_o great_a clergyman_n alderman_n or_o comites_fw-la king_n gereve_n or_o praepositi_fw-la king_n be_v thegnes_fw-la thanes_z or_o minister_n his_o counsellor_n

westmoreland_z i_o suppose_v they_o be_v omit_v in_o this_o catalogue_n because_o in_o the_o time_n not_o long_o before_o the_o conquest_n the_o first_o be_v under_o the_o power_n of_o the_o scot_n and_o consequent_o under_o their_o law_n as_o the_o two_o latter_a be_v under_o that_o of_o their_o own_o earl_n who_o rule_v those_o county_n as_o feudatary_a prince_n under_o the_o king_n of_o england_n though_o thus_o much_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o danish_a law_n take_v place_n there_o as_o well_o as_o in_o yorkshire_n but_o after_o king_n edward_n the_o confessor_n come_v to_o the_o crown_n he_o reduce_v the_o whole_a kingdom_n under_o one_o general_n for_o thus_o say_v ranulph_n higden_n as_o he_o be_v cite_v by_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n in_o his_o glossary_n tit._n lex_fw-la exit_fw-la tribus_fw-la his_fw-la legibus_fw-la sanctus_n edwardus_fw-la unam_fw-la legem_fw-la communem_fw-la edidit_fw-la quas_fw-la leges_fw-la sancti_fw-la edwardi_fw-la usque_fw-la hodie_fw-la vocant_fw-la brompton_n say_v the_o like_a iste_fw-la supradictus_fw-la rex_fw-la sanct._n ed._n conf._n dictus_fw-la est_fw-la edwardus_fw-la tertius_fw-la qui_fw-la leges_fw-la commune_v anglorum_fw-la genti_fw-la tempore_fw-la svo_fw-la ordinavit_fw-la quia_fw-la proantÃ¨_fw-fr leges_fw-la nimÃ¬s_fw-la partiale_n editae_fw-la fuerant_fw-la but_o roger_n hoveden_n carry_v they_o up_o high_a in_o his_o history_n of_o henry_n the_o second_o for_o he_o say_v quod_fw-la istae_fw-la leges_fw-la primÃ¹m_fw-la inventae_fw-la &_o institutae_fw-la erant_fw-la tempore_fw-la edgari_fw-la avi_fw-la svi_fw-la sed_fw-la postquam_fw-la edwardus_fw-la venit_fw-la ad_fw-la regnum_fw-la consilio_fw-la baronum_fw-la angliae_fw-la legem_fw-la per_fw-la 48._o annos_fw-la sopitâ—m_fw-la excitavit_fw-la excitatam_fw-la reparavit_fw-la reparatam_fw-la decoravit_fw-la decoratam_fw-la confirmavit_fw-la confirmata_fw-la verÃ²_fw-la vocata_fw-la est_fw-la lex_fw-la edwardi_fw-la regis_fw-la non_fw-la quiÃ _fw-la ipse_fw-la 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be_v so_o call_v by_o william_n the_o first_o in_o his_o confirmation_n of_o they_o have_v now_o give_v you_o the_o original_a of_o our_o law_n in_o general_n we_o will_v next_o proceed_v to_o show_v you_o what_o they_o be_v in_o particular_a as_o far_o as_o they_o concern_v those_o two_o great_a branch_n of_o all_o municipal_a law_n viz._n the_o civil_a or_o the_o criminal_a the_o former_a oâ—_n which_o concern_v land_n and_o good_n and_o the_o latter_a the_o nature_n and_o punishment_n of_o criminal_a offence_n law_n to_o begin_v with_o the_o former_a as_o far_o as_o it_o concern_v land_n i_o shall_v satisfy_v myself_o with_o what_o dr._n brady_n have_v with_o great_a industry_n and_o exactness_n extract_v in_o the_o first_o part_n of_o his_o complete_a history_n of_o england_n out_o of_o those_o learned_a author_n you_o will_v find_v there_o cite_v in_o the_o margin_n 67._o which_o be_v as_o follow_v mr._n somner_n say_v there_o be_v but_o two_o sort_n of_o tenor_n here_o in_o the_o saxon_a time_n before_o the_o conquest_n 11._o 11._o bocland_n and_o folkland_n to_o which_o two_n all_o other_o sort_n of_o land_n may_v be_v reduce_v bocland_n as_o what_o lambard_n say_v be_v free_a and_o hereditary_a and_o be_v a_o possession_n by_o write_v the_o other_o without_o that_o by_o write_v be_v possess_v by_o the_o free_a or_o noble_a sort_n that_o without_o call_v folkland_n be_v hold_v by_o pay_v annual_a rent_n or_o performance_n of_o service_n and_o be_v possess_v by_o the_o rural_a people_n rustic_n colon_n or_o clown_n in_o those_o time_n these_o write_n 6._o be_v call_v in_o latin_a libelli_fw-la terrarum_fw-la landboc_n and_o telligraphia_fw-la and_o livery_n and_o seize_v be_v then_o make_v and_o give_v by_o 13._o delivery_n of_o a_o turf_n take_v from_o the_o land_n with_o the_o write_n this_o be_v call_v terra_fw-la testamentalis_n &_o hereditaria_fw-la land_n inheritable_a and_o devisable_v by_o will_n unless_o the_o first_o purchaser_n or_o acquirer_n by_o 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land_n be_v hold_v without_o any_o payment_n or_o service_n other_o than_o such_o public_a tax_n as_o be_v impose_v by_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o be_v danegelt_n with_o such_o other_o duty_n as_o all_o land_n whatsoever_o be_v liable_a to_o then_o be_v it_o also_o as_o evident_a that_o these_o land_n which_o be_v far_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o land_n in_o the_o kingdom_n be_v not_o hold_v by_o knight_n service_n and_o consequent_o their_o owner_n can_v not_o be_v tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o this_o author_n be_v please_v in_o other_o place_n to_o suppose_v and_o therefore_o these_o tenant_n in_o allodio_n can_v never_o be_v so_o represent_v by_o such_o military_a person_n as_o that_o they_o alone_o can_v either_o make_v law_n for_o they_o or_o lie_v tax_n on_o their_o estate_n without_o their_o consent_n either_o by_o themselves_o or_o representative_n in_o the_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n of_o those_o time_n and_o therefore_o such_o free_a tenant_n must_v have_v either_o appear_v for_o themselves_o in_o person_n or_o have_v choose_v other_o to_o represent_v they_o and_o if_o any_o man_n doubt_v whether_o these_o land_n hold_v in_o allodio_n be_v before_o the_o conquest_n the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o land_n of_o the_o kingdom_n i_o must_v refer_v they_o for_o their_o satisfaction_n to_o mr._n summoner_n and_o mr._n tailor_n be_v treatise_n upon_o gavelkind_n 603._o as_o also_o to_o mr._n lambard_n discourse_n of_o the_o custom_n of_o kent_n at_o the_o end_n of_o his_o perambulation_n of_o that_o county_n who_o there_o full_o prove_v that_o the_o ancient_n bocland_n descend_v to_o all_o the_o male_a issue_n alike_o be_v not_o mere_a socage_n tenure_n but_o allodial_a 2_o dly_z that_o this_o be_v the_o general_a tenure_n of_o all_o land_n not_o hold_v by_o knight_n service_n before_o the_o conquest_n as_o well_o gavelkind_a as_o other_o and_o that_o not_o only_o at_o the_o common_a law_n but_o confirm_v by_o divers_a saxon_a king_n as_o by_o that_o law_n of_o king_n edmund_n si_fw-mi quis_fw-la intestatus_fw-la obierit_fw-la liberi_fw-la ejus_fw-la haereditatem_fw-la aequalitÃ¨r_fw-la dividant_a so_o likewise_o by_o the_o 68_o the_o and_o 75_o the_o law_n of_o king_n cnute_n as_o also_o by_o those_o of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n confirm_v by_o william_n the_o conqueror_n cap._n 36._o and_o therefore_o mr._n somner_n in_o his_o say_a treatise_n of_o gavelkind_n far_o prove_v that_o this_o be_v a_o liberty_n leave_v to_o the_o kentish_a man_n by_o william_n the_o conqueror_n when_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o england_n change_v its_o ancient_a tenure_n and_o mr._n taylor_n in_o his_o history_n of_o gavelkind_n chap._n 6_o 7_o 8._o have_v prove_v this_o to_o have_v be_v a_o general_a custom_n not_o only_o in_o kent_n but_o in_o wales_n and_o several_a part_n of_o england_n i_o shall_v not_o any_o further_o pursue_v what_o the_o doctor_n have_v say_v of_o land_n hold_v by_o military_a service_n before_o the_o conquest_n or_o of_o the_o herriot_n or_o relief_n that_o be_v due_a upon_o they_o which_o be_v payable_a out_o of_o the_o feudal_n land_n of_o the_o ealdorman_n middle_a and_o less_o thanes_z but_o shall_v refer_v

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haeredes_fw-la say_v he_o successorÃ©sque_fw-la sint_fw-la cuique_fw-la liberi_fw-la &_o nullum_fw-la testamentum_fw-la but_o it_o seem_v christianity_n afterward_o bring_v in_o the_o free_a power_n of_o make_v testament_n among_o they_o si_fw-mi liberi_fw-la non_fw-la sunt_fw-la proximus_fw-la gradus_fw-la in_o possessione_n fratres_n patrui_fw-la auunculi_fw-la but_o this_o be_v express_v only_o in_o case_n the_o tenant_n die_v at_o home_n and_o in_o peace_n for_o if_o he_o die_v in_o his_o lord_n 75._o army_n both_o the_o heriot_n be_v forgive_v and_o the_o inheritance_n both_o of_o good_n and_o land_n be_v to_o be_v divide_v as_o it_o ought_v which_o be_v it_o seem_v by_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o temporal_a court_n within_o who_o territory_n the_o death_n of_o the_o intestate_a or_o good_n be_v for_o in_o that_o case_n it_o be_v not_o say_v that_o the_o lord_n judgement_n be_v to_o be_v use_v but_o that_o the_o heir_n shall_v divide_v all_o or_o as_o the_o word_n in_o the_o 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the_o chapter_n of_o his_o say_a treatise_n to_o be_v about_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o second_o we_o shall_v now_o in_o the_o last_o place_n law_n go_v on_o to_o the_o criminal_a part_n of_o the_o english-saxon_a law_n viz._n the_o manner_n of_o trial_n judgement_n and_o execution_n pass_v and_o inflict_v on_o offender_n in_o those_o time_n all_o trial_n for_o criminal_a matter_n be_v then_o either_o in_o the_o court-leet_n the_o sheriffs-turn_a or_o the_o county-court_n county-court_n in_o which_o last_o the_o great_a offender_n be_v common_o try_v and_o that_o most_o ancient_o by_o witness_n and_o jury_n as_o at_o this_o day_n for_o we_o find_v in_o the_o mirror_n of_o justice_n 1_o that_o king_n alfred_n command_v one_o of_o his_o justice_n to_o be_v put_v to_o death_n for_o pass_a sentence_n upon_o a_o verdict_n corrupt_o obtain_v upon_o the_o vote_n of_o the_o juror_n whereof_o three_o of_o the_o twelve_o be_v in_o the_o negative_a and_o the_o same_o king_n put_v another_o 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record_n that_o be_v now_o lose_v may_v be_v credit_v this_o king_n condemn_v no_o less_o than_o forty_o four_o inferior_a judge_n in_o hundred_o and_o county_z court_n to_o be_v hang_v in_o one_o year_n for_o their_o false_a judgement_n either_o in_o condemn_v or_o acquit_v man_n without_o the_o verdict_n of_o the_o jury_n but_o the_o particular_a case_n be_v many_o and_o long_o i_o refer_v you_o to_o the_o author_n himself_o wherein_o you_o will_v see_v the_o difference_n between_o the_o manner_n of_o judicial_a proceed_n in_o those_o time_n from_o what_o they_o be_v present_o after_o the_o norman_a conquest_n but_o some_o of_o our_o historian_n as_o particular_o harding_n in_o his_o chronicle_n make_v this_o king_n to_o have_v collect_v a_o body_n of_o law_n not_o only_o out_o of_o the_o old_a and_o new_a testament_n but_o also_o from_o the_o greek_a roman_a british_a and_o danish_a law_n which_o if_o it_o be_v ever_o do_v be_v not_o now_o extant_a have_v thus_o finish_v the_o 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distribution_n as_o we_o have_v they_o before_o our_o say_a brother_n coronation_n and_o also_o the_o engagement_n he_o stand_v in_o to_o we_o concern_v the_o say_v hereditary_a distribution_n be_v confirm_v in_o like_a manner_n to_o wit_n that_o the_o land_n and_o territory_n which_o k._n aethered_n by_o our_o assistance_n and_o the_o power_n of_o our_o man_n shall_v acquire_v to_o himself_o as_o also_o the_o dominion_n which_o shall_v fall_v to_o he_o by_o hereditary_a right_n he_o shall_v in_o brotherly_a love_n proportionable_o divide_v with_o we_o but_o yet_o if_o it_o shall_v so_o happen_v that_o aethered_n shall_v succeed_v to_o the_o kingdom_n he_o himself_o be_v to_o promise_v the_o same_o thing_n but_o he_o refuse_v as_o this_o testament_n particular_o take_v notice_n to_o observe_v this_o agreement_n only_o promise_v that_o as_o for_o the_o land_n and_o territory_n which_o he_o by_o alfred_n and_o his_o people_n assistance_n shall_v acquire_v to_o his_o dominion_n as_o also_o the_o inheritance_n to_o which_o he_o be_v bear_v he_o will_v after_o his_o decease_n confer_v upon_o none_o else_o but_o myself_o and_o be_v thus_o pacify_v i_o thereupon_o remit_v all_o further_a complaint_n against_o my_o brother_n then_o he_o proceed_v far_a that_o in_o case_n it_o shall_v happen_v that_o we_o all_o shall_v fall_v by_o the_o hand_n of_o our_o danish_a enemy_n than_o it_o be_v especial_o provide_v that_o every_o one_o of_o we_o shall_v so_o dispose_v of_o our_o estate_n to_o our_o son_n that_o each_o of_o they_o shall_v successive_o enjoy_v our_o inheritance_n and_o our_o land_n and_o possession_n in_o like_a manner_n as_o the_o inheritance_n itself_o with_o the_o dominion_n land_n and_o possession_n which_o have_v be_v before_o confer_v upon_o we_o and_o then_o he_o go_v on_o to_o recite_v what_o have_v be_v former_o do_v in_o a_o general_n council_n of_o the_o west_n saxon_a nobility_n at_o swinbourne_n wherein_o he_o have_v adjure_v they_o all_o to_o bear_v witness_n of_o the_o manner_n and_o intent_n of_o the_o former_a entail_v the_o sum_n of_o which_o be_v that_o since_o k._n aethered_n his_o elder_a brother_n be_v decease_v there_o be_v then_o none_o leave_v but_o himself_o who_o have_v any_o writing_n or_o testimony_n concern_v this_o inheritance_n nor_o any_o other_o heir_n beside_o himself_o and_o that_o if_o any_o one_o shall_v offer_v to_o claim_v the_o say_a inheritance_n he_o shall_v lose_v his_o right_n unless_o he_o forthwith_o produce_v witness_n of_o it_o but_o then_o he_o hear_v that_o all_o his_o kinsman_n be_v dead_a and_o so_o the_o whole_a inheritance_n of_o king_n aethelwulf_n his_o father_n be_v devolve_v upon_o he_o by_o a_o charter_n make_v thereof_o at_o his_o general_n council_n at_o langdene_n which_o charter_n he_o have_v then_o likewise_o wife_n command_v to_o be_v read_v before_o the_o witness_n of_o all_o west_n saxony_n dcccci._n and_o after_o it_o be_v read_v he_o order_v all_o there_o present_a to_o declare_v whether_o they_o have_v hear_v or_o know_v of_o any_o man_n who_o can_v just_o claim_v any_o right_n to_o his_o inheritance_n which_o have_v never_o come_v to_o his_o knowledge_n before_o because_o it_o be_v his_o intent_n to_o disinherit_v none_o of_o his_o kinsman_n of_o any_o thing_n and_o then_o all_o the_o prince_n and_o ealdorman_n of_o his_o people_n do_v firm_o and_o positive_o declare_v that_o they_o never_o hear_v of_o any_o who_o have_v a_o just_a title_n to_o it_o than_o himself_o and_o then_o they_o give_v he_o full_a power_n to_o make_v his_o will_n and_o bequeath_v his_o estate_n to_o his_o kinsman_n and_o friend_n in_o such_o manner_n as_o best_a please_v he_o next_o king_n alfred_n proceed_v in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o say_a witness_n to_o make_v his_o last_o will_n and_o to_o confer_v upon_o his_o elder_a son_n edward_n divers_a land_n and_o territory_n there_o particular_o mention_v lie_v in_o divers_a country_n in_o england_n introduction_n but_o 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they_o have_v no_o child_n they_o shall_v go_v to_o the_o next_o of_o kin_n especial_o to_o the_o elder_a son_n as_o long_o as_o any_o one_o of_o they_o remain_v alive_a for_o so_o his_o father_n have_v bequeath_v his_o inheritance_n but_o if_o it_o shall_v any_o way_n happen_v that_o his_o say_a land_n shall_v come_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o woman_n than_o he_o will_v that_o after_o their_o decease_n those_o land_n shall_v revert_v to_o his_o next_o male_a kindred_n descend_v from_o their_o body_n etc._n etc._n and_o then_o conclude_v with_o a_o earnest_a exhortation_n and_o desire_n that_o none_o of_o his_o relation_n shall_v any_o way_n disquiet_v each_o other_o concern_v those_o thing_n which_o he_o have_v already_o give_v and_o bequeath_v to_o they_o since_o the_o whole_a nobility_n of_o the_o west_n saxon_a nation_n have_v already_o agree_v with_o he_o that_o it_o be_v but_o just_a and_o right_o that_o

man_n accuse_v of_o any_o crime_n till_o they_o have_v first_o make_v satisfaction_n by_o this_o it_o appear_v how_o ancient_a in_o this_o nation_n the_o custom_n be_v of_o call_v a_o servant_n by_o the_o word_n use_v for_o the_o whole_a species_n of_o mankind_n a_o phrase_n in_o use_n as_o well_o with_o the_o roman_n and_o other_o more_o ancient_a as_o with_o modern_a people_n the_o twenty_o four_o be_v concern_v traffic_n and_o in_o confirmation_n of_o former_a law_n ordain_v that_o if_o a_o man_n buy_v any_o thing_n with_o witness_n which_o another_o man_n challenge_v for_o his_o own_o the_o seller_n shall_v make_v it_o good_a and_o secure_v the_o bargain_n whether_o he_o be_v bond_n or_o free_a but_o on_o the_o lord_n day_n no_o market_n shall_v be_v hold_v under_o penalty_n or_o forfeiture_n of_o the_o ware_n and_o a_o mulct_n of_o 30_o shilling_n beside_o the_o next_o thing_n that_o follow_v at_o the_o end_n of_o these_o law_n relate_v to_o the_o civil_a state_n be_v the_o 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many_o sithcundman_n and_o be_v value_v at_o two_o thousand_o thrymse_n the_o mercian_n value_v a_o countryman_n at_o two_o hundred_o shilling_n a_o thane_n at_o twelve_o hundred_o they_o be_v wont_n to_o equal_v the_o single_a value_n of_o the_o king_n head_n with_o six_o thousand_o thanes_z that_o be_v thirty_o thousand_o sceat_n for_o so_o much_o be_v the_o value_n of_o the_o king_n head_n and_o as_o much_o more_o must_v be_v pay_v as_o a_o recompense_n for_o his_o death_n the_o value_n of_o his_o head_n belong_v to_o his_o kindred_n and_o the_o compensation_n of_o his_o death_n to_o the_o people_n he_o that_o be_v value_v at_o 1200_o shilling_n his_o oath_n shall_v be_v of_o the_o same_o esteem_n as_o those_o of_o six_o countryman_n for_o where_o such_o a_o one_o be_v slay_v six_o countryman_n will_v satisfy_v over_o and_o above_o for_o the_o value_n therefore_o the_o value_n of_o he_o and_o all_o they_o shall_v be_v the_o same_o by_o the_o english_a law_n the_o oath_n of_o a_o priest_n and_o a_o thane_n be_v of_o the_o like_a esteem_n by_o these_o valuation_n of_o head_n from_o the_o high_a to_o the_o low_a rank_n we_o may_v perceive_v that_o in_o those_o ancient_a time_n punishment_n consist_v rather_o in_o mulct_n than_o in_o blood_n contrary_a to_o our_o present_a custom_n whereby_o small_a offence_n in_o comparison_n especial_o if_o reiterated_a be_v become_v capital_a which_o whence_o it_o have_v proceed_v whether_o from_o this_o consideration_n that_o crime_n in_o latter_a age_n do_v more_o abound_v or_o from_o other_o reason_n be_v not_o evident_a as_o for_o the_o sithcundmon_n mention_v in_o this_o law_n mr._n somner_n derive_v this_o word_n from_o since_o or_o gethysa_n gloss._n a_o equal_a or_o companion_n and_o cund_o kind_n and_o mon_fw-fr man_n so_o that_o he_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v one_o equal_a to_o a_o thane_n king_n edmund_z not_o long_o after_o king_n athelstan_n decease_n prince_n edmund_n his_o brother_n succeed_v he_o at_o the_o age_n of_o eighteen_o year_n and_o reign_v six_o year_n and_o a_o half_a this_o year_n according_a to_o the_o annal_n king_n edmund_n dccccxlii_fw-la lord_n of_o the_o english_a and_o the_o protector_n of_o his_o subject_n invade_v mercia_n on_o that_o side_n where_o the_o river_n humber_n and_o the_o not_o way_n of_o the_o white_a fountain_n divide_v the_o country_n he_o there_o take_v in_o five_o city_n viz._n ligoracester_n now_o leicester_n lindcolne_n now_o lincoln_n and_o snotingaham_n stanford_n and_o deorby_n which_o be_v all_o before_o under_o the_o power_n of_o the_o dane_n be_v force_v to_o submit_v to_o they_o have_v be_v long_o under_o their_o tyrannical_a yoke_n this_o seem_v very_o strange_a for_o most_o of_o those_o place_n be_v mention_v to_o have_v be_v before_o recover_v from_o the_o dane_n by_o king_n edward_n his_o father_n and_o how_o they_o can_v be_v conquer_v again_o in_o the_o time_n of_o so_o great_a a_o warrior_n as_o king_n athelstan_n be_v i_o can_v not_o 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out_o of_o ireland_n who_o they_o make_v their_o king_n but_o who_o nevertheless_o king_n edmund_n conquer_v and_o at_o last_o expel_v the_o kingdom_n and_o so_o once_o again_o add_v northumberland_n to_o his_o own_o dominion_n which_o show_v the_o great_a uncertainty_n of_o the_o history_n of_o these_o time_n dccccxlii_fw-la but_o r._n hoveden_n and_o mat._n westminster_n do_v further_o add_v that_o when_o this_o anlaf_fw-mi have_v not_o long_o after_o his_o marriage_n spoil_v and_o burn_v the_o church_n of_o st._n balther_n and_o have_v burn_v tiningaham_n by_o the_o just_a judgement_n of_o god_n he_o miserable_o end_v his_o life_n but_o without_o tell_v we_o by_o what_o mean_n and_o they_o both_o further_o relate_v that_o anlaf_n the_o son_n of_o sihtric_n after_o this_o reign_v again_o over_o the_o northumber_n and_o be_v this_o year_n expel_v that_o kingdom_n by_o king_n

he_o so_o keep_v seal_v up_o for_o a_o year_n and_o a_o day_n within_o which_o time_n if_o the_o murderer_n be_v find_v out_o upon_o his_o be_v deliver_v to_o the_o king_n justice_n they_o be_v to_o be_v repay_v but_o in_o case_n within_o that_o time_n he_o can_v not_o be_v discover_v then_o be_v the_o kindred_n of_o the_o murder_v party_n to_o have_v six_o of_o the_o say_a mark_n and_o the_o king_n the_o other_o forty_o if_o he_o have_v no_o kindred_n his_o lord_n be_v to_o receive_v it_o and_o if_o he_o have_v no_o lord_n than_o his_o swear_a friend_n and_o companion_n but_o if_o there_o be_v none_o of_o these_o than_o the_o king_n shall_v have_v the_o whole_a sum_n to_o himself_o the_o sixteen_o article_n show_v we_o how_o this_o way_n of_o discover_v murder_n and_o punish_v the_o hundred_o come_v to_o be_v in_o use_v where_o the_o murderer_n can_v not_o be_v find_v viz._n that_o king_n cnute_n when_o he_o have_v get_v england_n and_o settle_v it_o in_o peace_n and_o at_o the_o request_n of_o the_o english_a baron_n have_v send_v back_o his_o army_n into_o denmark_n those_o baron_n become_v surety_n that_o all_o the_o dane_n that_o stay_v behind_o with_o he_o shall_v in_o all_o thing_n enjoy_v perfect_a peace_n so_o that_o in_o case_n a_o englishman_n kill_v any_o of_o they_o if_o he_o can_v not_o clear_v himself_o by_o the_o judgement_n of_o god_n that_o be_v by_o water_n or_o iron_n mean_v the_o ordeal_o justice_n be_v to_o be_v execute_v upon_o he_o and_o in_o case_n he_o run_v away_o payment_n be_v to_o be_v make_v as_o be_v aforesaid_a this_o law_n to_o prevent_v the_o kill_n of_o the_o norman_n be_v likewise_o continue_v by_o king_n william_n the_o conqueror_n for_o in_o case_n a_o man_n be_v find_v slay_v he_o be_v to_o be_v take_v for_o a_o norman_a and_o his_o death_n to_o be_v more_o grievous_o punish_v than_o that_o of_o a_o englishman_n unless_o the_o englescherie_n of_o he_o that_o be_v kill_v can_v be_v make_v out_o before_o the_o king_n justice_n that_o be_v that_o he_o be_v a_o englishman_n as_o bracton_n have_v particular_o show_v we_o but_o i_o shall_v reserve_v the_o speak_v further_o of_o this_o law_n to_o the_o next_o volume_n mlxvi_o the_o seventeen_o declare_v the_o office_n of_o a_o king_n in_o these_o word_n the_o king_n who_o be_v the_o vicegerent_n of_o the_o supreme_a king_n be_v appoint_v to_o this_o very_a end_n that_o he_o may_v govern_v and_o defend_v his_o earthly_a kingdom_n and_o the_o people_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o above_o all_o thing_n shall_v reverence_v his_o holy_a church_n and_o extirpate_v evil_a doer_n out_o of_o it_o which_o unless_o he_o shall_v do_v not_o so_o much_o as_o the_o name_n of_o a_o king_n shall_v remain_v to_o he_o but_o he_o shall_v utter_o lose_v it_o as_o pope_n john_n witness_n then_o follow_v the_o occasion_n of_o this_o opinion_n of_o pope_n john_n viz._n his_o have_v give_v it_o in_o answer_n to_o the_o letter_n which_o pepin_n and_o charles_n his_o son_n write_v concern_v a_o foolish_a king_n of_o france_n whether_o they_o shall_v still_o continue_v he_o on_o the_o throne_n or_o not_o which_o be_v no_o material_a part_n of_o the_o law_n i_o omit_v and_o then_o there_o be_v somewhat_o concern_v baron_n which_o have_v court_n and_o custom_n of_o their_o own_o in_o these_o word_n the_o archbishop_n bishop_n earls_z baron_n and_o all_o those_o who_o have_v sac_n soc_n thol_n team_n and_o infangâ—heof_n shall_v have_v their_o knight_n servants_z and_o all_o other_o sort_n of_o dependent_n under_o their_o friburg_n that_o be_v shall_v either_o have_v they_o forth_o come_v or_o else_o shall_v answer_v for_o they_o that_o if_o they_o shall_v forfeit_v to_o any_o one_o and_o a_o complaint_n be_v make_v by_o the_o neighbour_n against_o they_o they_o must_v bring_v they_o forth_o to_o have_v justice_n do_v they_o in_o their_o own_o court_n the_o eighteen_o nineteen_o twenty_o and_o one_o and_o twenty_o be_v explanation_n of_o the_o saxon_a term_n in_o the_o abovementioned_a law_n which_o be_v explain_v already_o in_o the_o introduction_n i_o thither_o refer_v you_o the_o two_o and_o twenty_o declare_v all_o jew_n that_o be_v in_o the_o kingdom_n to_o be_v under_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o king_n so_o that_o none_o of_o they_o can_v put_v himself_o in_o the_o service_n of_o any_o great_a man_n without_o the_o king_n leave_n for_o that_o the_o jew_n and_o all_o that_o be_v there_o be_v the_o king_n be_v by_o the_o three_o and_o twenty_o king_n edward_n forbid_v all_o usurer_n to_o continue_v in_o his_o kingdom_n and_o if_o any_o one_o be_v convict_v that_o he_o exact_v usury_n he_o shall_v forfeit_v his_o good_n and_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o outlaw_v after_o which_o follow_v in_o mr._n lambard_n copy_n another_o law_n declare_v the_o king_n power_n by_o virtue_n of_o his_o royal_a dignity_n to_o pardon_v life_n and_o loss_n of_o member_n but_o with_o this_o proviso_n that_o the_o malefactor_n make_v satisfaction_n to_o such_o as_o he_o have_v injure_v according_a to_o his_o power_n and_o beside_o find_v surety_n for_o his_o good_a behaviour_n which_o if_o he_o do_v not_o he_o be_v to_o be_v banish_v from_o whence_o you_o may_v observe_v that_o this_o prerogative_n of_o pardon_v in_o the_o king_n be_v not_o to_o extend_v to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o party_n injure_v or_o his_o kindred_n to_o who_o a_o appeal_n be_v hereby_o reserve_v concern_v which_o the_o nineteen_o in_o like_a manner_n declare_v his_o royal_a prerogative_n to_o be_v such_o that_o the_o king_n may_v set_v at_o liberty_n any_o captive_a or_o prisoner_n whenever_o he_o come_v in_o any_o city_n borough_n castle_n etc._n etc._n or_o if_o he_o meet_v he_o in_o the_o way_n by_o his_o mere_a word_n or_o command_n yet_o be_v he_o that_o be_v thus_o set_v at_o liberty_n bind_v to_o make_v satisfaction_n to_o the_o injure_a party_n but_o a_o murderer_n traitor_n or_o one_o guilty_a of_o such_o like_a crime_n although_o the_o king_n shall_v pardon_v he_o as_o to_o life_n and_o member_n according_a to_o law_n he_o shall_v in_o no_o wise_a stay_n in_o the_o country_n but_o shall_v swear_v that_o he_o will_v depart_v to_o the_o sea-coast_n within_o a_o state_v time_n set_v he_o by_o the_o justice_n and_o pass_v over_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o can_v get_v opportunity_n of_o a_o ship_n and_o wind_n and_o in_o case_n any_o such_o prove_v perjure_v and_o shall_v stay_v in_o the_o land_n beyond_o the_o time_n any_o one_o that_o meet_v they_o mlxvi_o may_v do_v justice_n upon_o they_o i._n e._n take_v away_o their_o life_n from_o whence_o you_o may_v observe_v the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o law_n for_o abjure_v the_o realm_n for_o such_o great_a offence_n to_o which_o the_o king_n pardon_n do_v not_o then_o absolute_o extend_v the_o rest_n of_o this_o law_n which_o only_o recite_v the_o penalty_n for_o the_o harbour_v or_o favour_v such_o malefactor_n i_o omit_v the_o twenty_o seven_o article_n give_v leave_v to_o harbour_v a_o stranger_n or_o foreigner_n who_o in_o english_a they_o term_v couth_a or_o uncouth_a that_o be_v know_v or_o unknown_a as_o a_o guest_n for_o two_o night_n in_o which_o space_n if_o he_o transgress_v he_o that_o harbour_v he_o shall_v not_o be_v answerable_a for_o he_o but_o if_o any_o one_o be_v injure_v and_o complaint_n be_v make_v that_o it_o be_v by_o the_o counsel_n and_o advice_n of_o he_o that_o lodge_v he_o he_o shall_v with_o two_o honest_a neighbour_n by_o oath_n purge_v himself_o as_o to_o the_o advice_n and_o fact_n or_o otherwise_o shall_v make_v satisfaction_n the_o reason_n whereof_o be_v because_o after_o the_o three_o night_n the_o law_n then_o be_v such_o that_o this_o stranger_n be_v to_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o one_o of_o the_o family_n and_o the_o master_n of_o it_o be_v to_o answer_v for_o he_o if_o he_o transgress_v the_o twenty_o eight_o appoint_v how_o money_n or_o cattle_n bring_v into_o a_o town_n and_o say_v by_o he_o who_o bring_v they_o that_o they_o be_v find_v shall_v be_v dispose_v of_o and_o who_o shall_v have_v the_o custody_n of_o they_o the_o thirty_o enjoin_v that_o those_o who_o have_v the_o king_n peace_n either_o by_o his_o hand_n or_o letter_n shall_v take_v care_v not_o to_o injure_v other_o under_o a_o double_a penalty_n the_o thirty_o first_o declare_v the_o particular_a mulct_n or_o penalty_n of_o those_o who_o shall_v violate_v the_o king_n peace_n abovementioned_a and_o especial_o that_o of_o the_o eight_o day_n of_o his_o coronation_n or_o of_o any_o of_o the_o feast_n aforesaid_a and_o who_o shall_v have_v the_o forfeiture_n arise_v from_o thence_o how_o much_o the_o king_n and_o how_o much_o the_o earl_n and_o how_o much_o the_o dean_n or_o the_o bishop_n in_o who_o

Selected quad for the lemma: land_n

Text snippets containing the quad