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land_n	case_n	king_n	tenant_n	2,386	5	9.7362	5	true

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A07363	The generall historie of Spaine containing all the memorable things that haue past in the realmes of Castille, Leon, Nauarre, Arragon, Portugall, Granado, &c. and by what meanes they were vnited, and so continue vnder Philip the third, King of Spaine, now raigning; written in French by Levvis de Mayerne Turquet, vnto the yeare 1583: translated into English, and continued vnto these times by Edvvard Grimeston, Esquire.; Histoire generale d'Espagne. English	Mayerne, Louis Turquet de, d. 1618.; Grimeston, Edward.	1612 (1612)	STC 17747; ESTC S114485	2,414,018	1,530

Saint Martin deliuered it vnto the King and came vnto his seruice The Constable D. Pedro Earle of Transtamara seeing what had befallne the Duke of Benauent and the Queen of Nauar and how they handled the Earl of Gijon he found means to make his accord and came vnto the King at the seege of Gijon by whom he was well receiued and had giuen him the townes of Pont Ferrada Villafranca and Varçarcell which had beene the Duke of Benauents The yeere growing towards an end and the country of Asturia being barren not able long to maintaine an army the King resolued to make some accord with the Earle Accord made with the Earle of Gijon who sought it wherevpon they concluded these Articles That the French King should be Iudge of their controuersies who should iudge within six monthes whether the Earle had offended and if it were found that hee should loose his lands he was content if not all should be restored to him againe That vntill a definitiue sentence the towne of Gijon should remaine in the Earles hands vpon condition it should remaine in the Estate it was then without adding any supply of victuals or men and that the Earle should not goe aboue three leagues from the town if it were not into France to sollicit the iudgement of this cause In which case the King should giue him thee hundred thousand Marauidis to defray his charges That the Earles other Lands should remaine in the possession of D. Ruy Lopes of Aualos Lrod Chamberlaine to the King who should hold them vpon his faith and that the Earle should giue his sonne D. Henry for hostage By this composition the Earle D. Alphonso was freed from seege This yeere 1394. died D. Iohn Alphonso of Guzman Earle of Niebla a man of a peacefull spirit Death of the Earle of Niebla yet was he somewhat ingaged in the troubles of Castile leauing his soone D. Henry of Guzman heire to his great possessions Pope Clement died also that yeere in Auignon the sixteenth yeere of his Popedome in whose place the Cardinals of that seat meaning to proceed to the election of an other Death of Pope Clement at Auignon receiued letters from the Vniuersity of Paris to perswade them to deferre it for some daies to know the intention of Pope Boniface the ninth resyding at Rome touching the vnion of the church yet notwithstanding they entred into the Conclaue nine daies after the funeral and without regard of any letters written by the Vniuersity and King Charles they gaue their voices and withall made a protestation in writing that the future Pope should not hinder the rooting out of the Schisme and that he should bee bound to giue ouer his dignity if neede were they made choise of D. Pedro de Luna carrying the title of Santa Maria in Cosmedin a Cattelan and Doctor of the Canon law a man of great authority and well practised in worldly affaires Election of Pedro de Luna to be Pope called Benedict the 13. whom they called Benedict the thirteenth The French King yeelding to that was done sent his Ambassadors to Auignon to doe the accustomed homage to the new Pope but beeing afterwards sollicited by some of the Cardinals who repented themselues of Benedicts election he sought by meanes of the protestation which had beene made to force the Pope to quit his dignity vnder pretext to reconcile the Schisme but Benedict was loth to leaue so sweet a morcell which so many of his order had gap'd after resisting long to the great preiudice of all Christendome and the French king did in vaine sollicit by many Ambassages D. Henry King of Castile to ioyne with him in the displacing of Benedict from his Popedome whom the Kings of Nauarre and Arragon did also obey The King D. Henry hauing proceeded as we haue said against the chiefe authors of the troubles of his realme Nauarre he returned to Vailledolit and knowing by good experience the disposition of his aunt whom he had brought with him he resolued to send her into Nauarre to King Charles her husband the which notwithstanding the Estate shee was in she did impugne by all meanes possible wherefore the King fearing she would steale away and put her selfe into some place of strength which would be very troublesome to take he commanded the prior of Saint Iohn to set a gard about her lodging and he himselfe went to Tordesillas Then the Queene knew that she must of force returne into Nauarre without any other assurances then such promises and othes as the King her husband had giuen and seeing no euasion nor delay she sent to intreat the King her Nephew to be well aduised what he did in seeking to force her to returne into Nauarre and seeing that it did concerne both her honour and life she intreated him to propound it to the graue and learned men of his councel to resolue what was fit for her to doe The King was very well pleased herewith and committed the businesse to the Bishops of Palence and Zamora by whose aduice it was concluded that the Queene Donna Leonora should returne to her husband and that the King her Nephew should accompany her to the frontiers of Nauarre whereof she was aduertised that she might dispose her selfe to obay but it was against her will wherevpon the King returned to Vailledolit Queene of Nauarre sent to her husband against her will and from thence they tooke their way towards Nauarre hauing sent the Archbishop of Toledo and him of Zamora an Arragonois and the bishop of Albi a Frenchman with others to Tudele to aduertise King Charles of his wiues comming and to take a new oth of him to intreat her well and honourably The Archbishop of Saragossa came to meet the Queene being accompanied by many Knights of Nauarre France and Arragon to whom she was deliuered with her daughters vpon the confines of Castile and Nauarre to the great contentment of King Henry to whom she had beene chargeable many yeeres by her turbulent and adbitious spirit The King D. Charles did shew by the effects that he was neuer ill-affected towards her for he receiued her with all that did accompany her with great honour and shewes of loue and ioy he intreated her curteously and honoured her as much as she could desire commanding there should be feasts and bonfiers made throughout all the realme of Nauarre by reason of her comming And for that they had not yet had any sonne he would haue the Estates of his realme assembled to that end at Pampelone some monthes after the Queenes returne sweare the Infanta's his daughters for lawfull heires of the realme and of his other Estates who should succeed one after an other vnto the last liuer He caused his subiects to take this oth as it was accustomed in Spaine and to auoide warre and sedition whereof they had fresh examples in the neighbour countries of Arragon and Valencia D. Iohn King of

doubly There may be infinit examples produced but the remembrance of the last yeare is so fresh as wee need not to seeke farther and you must vnderstand that he which in time recouers a safe port with his shipping makes it knowne what counsell is most profitable if an vnfortunat chance happen But who can judge if going so farre into the enemies countrey to fight with him being much weakned either by our losses in fighting or by foule weather whether we can with safetie recouer our owne ports without doubt in this case few would be saued being knowne by experience a dangerous doctrine of rash men what bad counsell it is to follow a mightie enemie and to fight with him in the midst of his owne strength Both the Venetian Generals opposed themselues against the opinion of the great Commander so did Ascanio della Cornia S. Fiora and Serbelloni but especially the Generall Colonna who sought to infringe with apparent reasons and with the Popes authoritie whose expresse commandement was Marc Anthonie Colonna persuades them to fight to find out the Turks armie and to fight with it He said That he could in no sort yeeld to the opinion of Requesens being a new proposition and contrarie to the articles of the league where it was chiefly propounded to make an offensiue warre and he taught them how they should still stand vpon their defence which was nothing else but to confirme the enemie in the opinion which he had conceiued of the small valour of the Christians whereby he was growne more insolent The confederat princes said he haue had a speciall care in their conuentions to doe any thing that might daunt the pride of this enemie of Christendome and that he should sensibly feele the valour of Christians He will neuer feare any such power if we measuring all forces by the compasse of humane discourses dare not promise vnto our selues any thing from the help of heauen and yet let vs remember that we are the souldiers of Christ that we fight for Christ and that being vnited vnder his banner we need not feare that he will euer abandon vs if we shew not our selues distrustfull But I will not lay the foundation of all our hopes vpon the miraculous helps of heauen whereby I should seeme to confesse that humane force were not able to incounter yea to vanquish this enemie I should seeme to want judgement to counsell a battell without constraint and with apparent disaduantage and to tempt the pleasure of God with the dangerous euent of a battell Our armie then in my opinion is not so weake nor the enemie so vigorous that matters should bee brought to that despaire seeing that we haue here aboue 200 good gallies better appointed according to the opinion of men of judgement than the Turkes the which would equall their aduantage of number if the fame be true that the Turkes haue three hundred vessels For gathering these vessels from diuers parts they haue to make a number assembled euerie small barke of pyrats fitter to steale run away than to fight Wee must thinke that our souldiers do exceed the Turks in valour who often with many thousands could not resist hundreds of our and now it may be are not inferiour vnto them in number if we shall wel examine the qualitie of their vessels and ours and therein also we wil vse your authority who maintain that we haue the flower of all the souldiers of Christendome And to what end then serues this multitude of gallies these numbers of noblemen and souldiers and so much treasure wasted onely to goe neere the enemie nay not to approach neere him but to terrifie him with the fame of our forces and seeing that he doth not flie we to retire our selues into safetie But if that be not to be thought on yet to keep him from proceeding any farther in Cypres nor to annoy any more those miserable coasts those vnfortunat islands which be subiect to the fire sword of their barbarous crueltie But we are to attempt more to reuenge so many injuries receiued from them so as the religious arms of Christians being as it were awaked from a long sleep may be imploied in those actions which shal be held worthie of their auncient glorie And contrariwise what greater imputation can there bee vnto the name of Christians than after two such preparations within few monethes not to dare to looke the enemie in the face What hope will there then remaine to deliuer the realme of Cypres What will the world say of vs Oh let there neuer any thought of such feare come into our hearts let vs not shew our selues so weake let vs not so little esteeme the forts which are held by the Catholike king and the Commonweale of Venice that in case any vnfortunate successe should befall our fleet they should be a prey vnto the enemie Princes were woont to repose all their safetie in armies by land or in fleets by sea but since that they haue found meanes to secure their countries with ports and frontire places well fortified they haue not much esteemed the losse of a battell at land or at sea touching the conquest of anothers dominions for that the defence within walls is so long as that prince which was a looser may repaire his forces and come againe to fight with his aduersaries We haue now in hand the example of the realme of Cypres the which although it be farre from their lords forces yet two forts and those not very wel furnished haue made resistance aboue a yere and there is yet hope to preserue it sending some smal succours And shall we feare that so many strong places vpon this gulph and vpon the coast of Naples and Sicile shall be in an instant deuoured by the Turkish armie if any sinister fortune should befall our fleet which God forbid But if we my Lord Commaunder shall runne into such apparent daunger being at sea in these tempestuous times of August why will wee secure our enemies from the like daunger when as they after that imagined victorie will saile ouer being farre from their ports the Mediterranean and Tirrene seas in that daungerous season And if you shall say vnto me That in the Spring they will attempt some conquest of importance I will aunswer That our forts and the countrey which lyes most subiect to daunger shall be the better fortified And for proofe hereof this mightie Turkish fleet although it hath not beene any way hindered this yeare by our gallies what matter of importance hath it attempted yea in Candie and in these seas they haue receiued great losses comming neere vnto fortified places But let it suffice to haue hitherto discoursed to shew that the daunger is not so great nor so apparent in case we should loose a battell Let vs now come to the consideration of the importance and necessitie we haue to giue battell and then of the certaine hope of the conquest if we be

ordinarie Iudges According to which booke of Iudges all the inhabitants of Toledo and that iurisdiction should be iudged in matters of crime expresly exempting the wiues and children of offenders not culpable from the pains and fines due for all offences namely for high treason or practises against the citty 2 That the inhabitants of Toledo might appeale from all other Iudges demand to be sent to the Iustice of Toledo declaring all decrees against it to be voide 3 That the Inhabitants of Toledo should not be apprehended not put in prison for murther vnlesse it were wilful if they put in caution or that the truth were apparent and whereas they could not giue caution they should not be put in any other prison then the Dalfada 4 All controuersies betwixt Christians and Iewes or Moores should be decided by the Christian lawes and before a Christian Iudge 5 Exemptions granted vnto Church-men seruing God of the tenth peny in all their inheritances 6 Exemption of all taxes granted to souldiers and to all such as had beene prisoners amongst the Moores 7 All inhabitants of Toledo as well Christians as Musarabes should equally enioy all royall grants 8 The widowes of soldiers deceased shold enioy the honors and priuiledges of their husbands and the children of their fathers yea the sons shold haue their arms horses 9 The laborers and trimmers of vines should pay vnto the king for all tribute and seruice the tenth peny or portion of their corne and wine and not bound to any other charges either in peace or war except it were to succor the city of Toledo beeing assailed by foes in which case they should be bound to assist it with all their meanes 10 The like exemptions were granted to the inhabitants of Toledo for all lands which they should hold in any other iurisdiction of the kings of Castile 11 Liberty granted to the inhabitants of the said citty to build milles vpon the riuer of Tajo against their lands and possessions and to sell them exchange them and otherwise dispose of them at their pleasures 12 No Iew nor Moore should haue commandement ouer Christians in the citty of Toledo 13 That the citty of Toledo might neuer be alienated from the Crowne nor giuen vpon any title whatsouer to man woman or child 14 No man that had not his ordinarie residence in the sayd citty might enioy any inheritance within the wals thereof which inhabitants might enter into their lands and possessions from whence they had beene chased by the Moores in such townes and places as should be recouered from them 15 The common treasure of the city should be employed especially in the building and reparations of the wals and the fortifications thereof These were the priuiledges granted by the king D. Alphonso the 6. to the city of Toledo the which were afterwards confirmed by D. Alphonso the 9. an 101 yeares after so as by meanes therof it was in a short time peopled with Christians which came thither from all parts of Spaine and other countries and the kings of Spaine haue bin alwaies very carefull to honor this city D. Alphonso leauing the city of Toledo in this estate in the gard of Cid Ruis Diaz Gotique chara●●ers abolished in Spaine he went to Leon with the Archbish. D. Bernard where there was a councell called in the presence of Reguier the Popes Nuntio where among other things it was decreed that the Scribes and Notaries should no more vse the anciēt Gothique characters inuented as they say by Vlfilas their Bishop otherwise called Toledains but those letters which are now vsed in Castile were at that time not put in practise About that time died D. Theresa the kings sister wife to the Earle D. Garcia de Cabra Marriage of D. Alphonso the 6. king of Castile with a Moore and soone after Queene Beatrix the 2. wife of D. Alphonso beeing deceased he took to wife a Princesse Moore daughter to Almuncamuz Aben-Amet ●●ing of Seuile called Caida or Zaida the which was christened and called Mary He receiued for her dourie the townes of Cuença Huete Ocagna Vcles Mora Volera Consuegra Alarcos Caracuel and other places By her the king had one son named D. Sancho who died before the father and the mother liued not long after him This alliance caused great familiarity betwixt the king D. Alphonso Arabians the Mores both in Spaine and Affrick the which notwithstanding turned to the Moores ruine and especially of his father-in-law Almuncamuz Aben-Amet K. of Seuile for to do him a pleasure and to satisfie his ambition and desire to be soueraign Lord ouer all the Moores in Spaine King D. Alphonso who was in great credit with all the Princes and Potentates that were neighbours to Aben Tefin who was of the house and family of the Almorau●des to ayde and assist his father-in-law in this enterprise and to send him succours of Moores and Africans the which he obtained to the preiudice of them both as we shall heare But it is fit to vnderstand firsty what these Almorauides were Wherefore leauing a little the affaires of Spaine we will returne to that which we haue handled of the succession of Mahumet Mahumets sucacssion The which as we haue sayd being fallen to two of his daughters Fatima and Zeineb of Fatima descended the house and family of Aben Alaben and of Zeineb that of Aben Humeja These two races were in perpetuall dissention for the Soueraigntie of the Arabians both in Asia Affricke and Europe whereupon grew many alterations so as in the end the Arabians of Affricke being diuided from them of Asia the Crowne of Affrick continued in the race of Aben Albecy for the space of 310. yeres but as this nation was neuer faithfull within it selfe and could not subsi●t without tumult and treasons about the year 1068. there rose vp a noble family among them called the Almorauides or Lumptunas which descended not from Mahumet the which took the scepter from the race of Aben Alabecy and seazed vpon the soueraigntie and regall power ouer the Moores in Affricke 450. yeares after that Mahumet had made himselfe Lord and Emperour ouer that nation The first of this race which was chosen and declared king and great Miralmumin was Abu Texifen to whom Ioseph Aben Tefin aboue-named his sonne succeeded who forced the others to quit the Scepter and transferred it into his family where it continued 79. yeares the second yeare of his raigne Ambassadors came vnto him from king D. Alphonso for the cause aboue-mentioned so as within three yeares after Moores of Affricke drawne into Spaine by D. Alphonso the 6. king of Castile and Leon. all the Moores of Spaine were vnited to them of Affricke as they had beene long before Ioseph Aben Texifien the Miralmumin considering that if he sent forces into Spaine it must needes increase the Moores estate and reputation he sent a Captaine of great esteeme called Ali Aben-Axa his Alguazil maior or

that hee would request King Lewis not to vrge him at so vnseasonable a time after his long and chargeable warres made against his subiects to repay the said summe which as then was impossible for him to doe muchlesse to sell the Earledome vnto him and wholy to alienate that which did belong to the crowne of Arragon And as for the suerties which he demaunded hee did not thinke it a reasonable request nor yet beseeming him who had God be thanked wherewith to pay his debts in time with this answere the Ambassadors were not satisfied as also by reason that those of Perpignan impatient of the French yoake beganne manifestly to rebell against them wherefore King Lewis sent forces into the county of Rossillon to chastice those of Perpignan who had constrained the Frenchmen dwelling amongst them to retire themselues into the castle from whence they shot into the towne with the Canon doing great harme therevnto King Iohn came thither in hast to appease this stire and endeauored by all meanes to perswade the people to obey the French promising them shortly to deliuer them from that trouble but they answered him boldly that they had rather suffer death then returne to the subiection of such Lords During these disputations King Iohn was on a sodaine beseeged in the towne by the French army which the Spanish Authors number to bee forty thousand who hauing enuironed it on euery side beganne to batter it without and within to assaile it from the castle so as it behooued the beseeged to be couragious and valiantly to defend themselues the Kings presence seruing them greatly to that purpose The seege continued foure monthes in the end at the report of Prince Fernands comming who vpon the newes of the French mens arriuall had leauied souldiars both in Castile Arragon and Cattalonia they raised their seege and retired themselues into France King Iohn and the towne beeing deliuered from this danger all men went out to meete the Prince and the father and the sonne embraced one an other with great ioy who came togither into Perpignan The King did againe entreat the Inhabitants to obey the French for a short time till he could otherwise dispose of his affaires assuring them that he would pay the French King his money and take them againe to himselfe They being obstinate refused it and requested him to giue King Lewis other pledges or else to suffer them to depart thence for they would willingly giue ouer their houses goods yea and their owne liues rather then to submit themselues to the vilde vsage of the French King Iohn seeing them so resolued left D. Lewis de Requesens for the Gouernor and with the Prince his sonne returned to Barcelona Before the Princes departure out of Castile there arose a great quarrel betwixt the Marquis of Santillana Castile Quarrel betwixt the houses of Mendosa and Pimentel and the Earle of Benauent because that the Earle possessing the towne of Carrion by the Kings permission the which hee had held during the former troubles had vildely and iniuriously intreated certaine Gentlemen which dwelt in the same towne who were neere in bloud and parentage to the Marquis who hauing notice thereof sent vnto him and desired him in regard that those Gentlemen did belong vnto him that hee would for reuerence due to the boanes of his ancestors spare and respect them the Earle made him a proude answere and said that hee would cause his ancesters bones to be taken vp and send them vnto him in baskets to the end he might bestow them safer with himselfe at Guadalajara amongst the rest of his progenitors The Marquis being iustly mooued hereat conspired with the Earle of Treuigno and others his friends and kinsfolkes to take that place from the Earle who had builded a new fort there the Earle of Treuigno hauing intelligence with the wronged Gentlemen his lands lying neere to Carrion he entred the towne with souldiars The Marquis of Santillana su●●riseth the towne of Cari●● and beseeged the fort and soone after the Marquis arriued with troupes of horse and foote as well of his owne tenants as those of the Constable Pedro de Velasco the duke of Albuquerque and others who supported him in this quarrell The Earle of Benauent hauing notice of what the Marquis had done and ment to doe came in speedily to Valiodolit and gathered his friends togither so as with the helpe of the Maister of Saint Iames his father in law who in this tooke his part hee found himselfe able to offer battaile to his aduersary but the King beeing accompanied with the Cardinall of Spaine brother to the Marquis and with the Maister father in law to the Earle did put himselfe betwixt them and handled the matter in such sort by the Cardinalls meanes as he hindred them from ioyning battaile and it was agreed that the towne of Carion should returne to the crowne and the Earle should haue the towne of Magaua in recompence which belonged to the Cardinall who to make them friends was content to dispossesse himselfe thereof and receiued other recompences for the same Prince Fernand when this quarrell beganne was ready to depart into Arragon and had leauied certaine companies of souldiars the which wich his owne person hee offered to the Marquis who gaue him humble thankes saying that he was strong enough to incounter a greater Lord then the Earle of Benauent and therefore hee besought him to preserue his person in safety that hee might in time to come reigne in Spaine and not to hazard it now when there was no need The Marquis afterwards returned to Guadalajara and went to Saint Christofers to visit the Princesse Donna Isabella who went forth to meete him hee offred her his seruice and all aide and assistance for the obteining of her right after the King her brothers death The Earle of Benauent returned into his owne possessions the King with the Cardinall to Segobia and the Maister to Cuellar but soone after the King with the whole Court and the Maister likewise came to Madrid where by the Maister his Councell it was thought fit that the Cardinall should returne to Segobia to treat with the Princesse and the Maister brought the King to Trugillo to cause the fort of the same city to be deliuered vnto him which hee had so importunately a long time begged but the Gouernor of that place whose name was Gratian de Sese would not consent therevnto nor obey the Kings commandment yet neuerthelesse hee hauing beene sollicited by the Maister with promise of great recompences hee beganne to negociate about the deliuery thereof but the matter being delaied the King who since his last sicknesse decaied in his health was constrained to returne to Madrid there to take his rest In the same place remained Donna Ioane in the keeping of the Marquis of Villena as for the Queene she was else where and lead a pleasant life without any shame at all In the meane time the Maister