be_v to_o be_v order_v by_o tutor_n than_o child_n and_o therefore_o this_o may_v be_v annex_v to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o liberty_n as_o well_o as_o the_o other_o nevertheless_o it_o seem_v that_o the_o law_n take_v they_o into_o their_o regard_n in_o respect_n of_o their_o estate_n which_o may_v be_v abuse_v to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o public_a rather_o than_o out_o of_o any_o respect_n have_v to_o their_o person_n now_o because_o there_o be_v a_o difference_n between_o the_o disability_n of_o these_o person_n the_o one_o be_v perpetual_a the_o other_o temporary_a therefore_o be_v there_o also_o by_o these_o law_n a_o difference_n in_o the_o disposal_n of_o their_o estate_n for_o the_o tutor_n have_v a_o right_a in_o the_o dispose_n of_o the_o one_o and_o but_o a_o bare_a authority_n or_o power_n in_o provide_v for_o the_o other_o second_o the_o person_n of_o the_o tutor_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v ancient_o it_o be_v the_o next_o kindred_n ground_v as_o i_o conceive_v upon_o the_o natural_a affection_n go_v along_o with_o the_o blood_n and_o this_o so_o continue_v in_o custom_n until_o these_o time_n for_o though_o the_o mirror_n of_o justice_n say_v that_o henry_n the_o first_o bring_v in_o that_o course_n of_o give_v the_o custody_n of_o these_o disable_v person_n to_o the_o king_n as_o have_v be_v former_o observe_v yet_o bracton_n that_o write_v long_o after_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o 20._o speak_v of_o these_o kind_n of_o person_n say_v talibus_fw-la de_fw-fr necessitate_v dandus_fw-la est_fw-la tutor_n vel_fw-la curator_n not_o so_o much_o as_o mention_v the_o king_n in_o the_o case_n 10._o and_o in_o another_o place_n speak_v of_o such_o as_o be_v alieni_fw-la juris_fw-la say_v that_o some_o be_v under_o the_o custody_n of_o their_o lord_n and_o other_o under_o their_o parent_n and_o friend_n but_o let_v the_o time_n of_o the_o entrance_n of_o this_o law_n be_v never_o so_o uncertain_a it_o be_v now_o a_o declare_a law_n that_o the_o king_n in_o such_o case_n be_v the_o common_a curator_n or_o tutor_n of_o all_o such_o person_n as_o he_o be_v a_o chief_a justice_n render_v to_o every_o one_o his_o right_n the_o king_n shall_v have_v the_o wreck_n of_o the_o sea._n 11._o what_o shall_v be_v call_v a_o wreck_n 4._o the_o statute_n at_o west_n 1._o declare_v viz._n where_o the_o ship_n so_o perish_v that_o nothing_o therein_o escape_v alive_a and_o these_o be_v rather_o in_o their_o original_n commit_v to_o the_o king_n as_o a_o curator_n than_o give_v he_o as_o a_o proprietor_n although_o that_o custom_n have_v since_o settle_v a_o kind_n of_o right_n which_o may_v perhaps_o be_v account_v rather_o a_o title_n by_o estoppel_n for_o the_o fundamental_a ground_n be_v that_o the_o right_a owner_n can_v be_v manifest_v and_o therefore_o the_o king_n shall_v hold_v it_o and_o if_o the_o right_a owner_n can_v be_v manifest_v the_o king_n shall_v hold_v it_o till_o the_o owner_n do_v appear_v the_o heir_n in_o socage-tenure_n shall_v have_v a_o action_n of_o waste_n 17._o and_o a_o account_n against_o his_o guardian_n for_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o land_n and_o marriage_n the_o heir_n in_o socage_n be_v under_o age_n 3â—_n shall_v also_o be_v under_o custody_n of_o such_o guardian_n of_o the_o next_o kindred_n who_o can_v challenge_v right_o of_o inheritance_n in_o such_o land_n so_o hold_v as_o if_o the_o land_n descend_v from_o the_o father_n side_n the_o mother_n or_o next_o of_o the_o kindred_n of_o the_o mother_n side_n shall_v have_v the_o custody_n and_o so_o if_o the_o land_n descend_v from_o the_o mother_n the_o father_n or_o next_o kindred_n of_o the_o father_n side_n shall_v have_v the_o custody_n and_o this_o custody_n bring_v with_o it_o a_o authority_n or_o power_n only_o and_o no_o right_n as_o in_o case_n of_o the_o heir_n in_o knight-service_n and_o therefore_o can_v be_v grant_v over_o as_o the_o wardship_n in_o knight-service_n may_v but_o the_o guardian_n in_o socage_n remain_v accountant_a to_o the_o heir_n for_o all_o profit_n both_o of_o land_n and_o marriage_n the_o full_a age_n of_o tenant_n in_o socage_n be_v such_o age_n wherein_o he_o be_v able_a to_o do_v that_o service_n which_o be_v fourteen_o year_n for_o at_o such_o age_n he_o may_v be_v able_a by_o common_a repute_n to_o aid_v in_o tillage_n of_o the_o ground_n which_o be_v his_o proper_a service_n but_o the_o son_n of_o a_o burgess_n have_v no_o set_a time_n of_o full_a age_n but_o at_o such_o time_n as_o he_o can_v tell_v money_n and_o measure_n cloth_n and_o such_o work_n as_o concern_v that_o call_n widow_n deforce_v of_o their_o dower_n of_o quarentine_n 1._o shall_v by_o action_n recover_v damage_n till_o they_o recover_v their_o dower_n they_o shall_v also_o have_v power_n to_o devise_v their_o crop_n arise_v from_o her_o dower_n 40._o it_o be_v use_v that_o the_o heir_n shall_v have_v the_o crop_n with_o the_o land_n but_o this_o statute_n alter_v that_o former_a usage_n and_o yet_o save_v the_o lord_n liberty_n to_o distrain_v if_o any_o service_n be_v due_a writ_n de_fw-la consimili_fw-la casu_fw-la grant_v in_o case_n that_o fall_v under_o the_o same_o law_n 24._o and_o need_v the_o same_o remedy_n and_o such_o writ_n shall_v be_v make_v by_o agreement_n of_o the_o clerk_n in_o the_o chancery_n and_o advice_n of_o such_o as_o be_v skilful_a in_o the_o law._n it_o be_v none_o of_o the_o mean_a liberty_n of_o the_o freeman_n of_o england_n that_o no_o writ_n do_v issue_n forth_o against_o they_o but_o such_o as_o be_v ancient_o in_o use_n and_o agree_v upon_o in_o parliament_n and_o it_o be_v no_o less_o a_o grievance_n and_o just_a cause_n of_o complaint_n that_o king_n use_v to_o send_v writ_n of_o new_a impression_n to_o execute_v the_o dictate_v of_o their_o own_o will_n and_o not_o of_o the_o law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o the_o complaint_n of_o the_o clergy_n in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o do_v witness_n 44._o nevertheless_o because_o many_o man_n case_n befall_v not_o direct_o within_o the_o letter_n of_o any_o law_n for_o remedy_n and_o yet_o be_v very_o burdensome_a for_o want_v of_o remedy_n it_o be_v provide_v by_o this_o law_n that_o such_o emergent_a case_n that_o do_v fall_v within_o the_o inconvenience_n shall_v be_v comprehend_v within_o the_o remedy_n of_o that_o law._n aid_v to_o make_v the_o son_n of_o the_o lord_n a_o knight_n 36._o and_o to_o marry_v his_o elder_a daughter_n shall_v be_v assess_v after_o the_o rate_n of_o twenty_o shilling_n for_o a_o knight_n fee_n and_o twenty_o shilling_n for_o twenty_o pound_n in_o yearly_a value_n of_o socage-tenure_n the_o uncertainty_n of_o aid_n be_v by_o this_o law_n reduce_v and_o settle_v as_o touch_v the_o sum_n and_o thereby_o deliver_v the_o people_n from_o much_o oppression_n which_o they_o suffer_v former_o nor_o be_v only_o the_o particular_a sum_n hereby_o but_o also_o the_o age_n of_o the_o son_n when_o he_o be_v to_o be_v make_v a_o knight_n viz._n at_o the_o age_n of_o fifteen_o year_n too_o soon_o for_o he_o to_o perform_v knight-service_n but_o not_o too_o soon_o for_o the_o lord_n to_o get_v his_o money_n and_o the_o daughter_n likewise_o be_v allow_v to_o be_v fit_a for_o marriage_n at_o seven_o year_n of_o age_n or_o at_o least_o to_o give_v her_o consent_n thereto_o albeit_o that_o in_o truth_n she_o be_v neither_o fit_n for_o the_o one_o or_o other_o and_o therefore_o it_o must_v be_v the_o lord_n gain_v that_o make_v the_o law_n and_o it_o be_v not_o amiss_o to_o have_v the_o aid_n beforehand_o though_o the_o marriage_n succeed_v not_o for_o many_o year_n after_o and_o if_o the_o lord_n die_v in_o the_o interim_n the_o executor_n have_v asset_n pay_v it_o or_o otherwise_o his_o heir_n chap._n lxviii_o of_o court_n and_o their_o proceed_n beside_o the_o court_n of_o justice_n itinerant_a which_o be_v ancient_a as_o have_v be_v say_v other_o court_n have_v be_v raise_v of_o late_a birth_n albeit_o even_o they_o also_o have_v be_v of_o ancient_a constitution_n and_o divers_a of_o they_o itinerant_a also_o and_o some_o of_o they_o settle_v in_o one_o place_n the_o work_n of_o the_o justice_n itinerant_a be_v universal_a comprehend_v both_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o common-plea_n that_o of_o oyer_n and_o terminer_n be_v only_o of_o crown-plea_n original_o commence_v and_o inquire_v of_o by_o themselves_o and_o grant_v forth_o upon_o emergent_a crime_n of_o important_a consequence_n that_o require_v speedy_a regard_n and_o reformation_n justice_n of_o gaol-delivery_n have_v a_o more_o large_a work_n that_o be_v to_o deliver_v the_o gaol_n of_o all_o criminal_a offender_n former_o indict_v or_o before_o themselves_o justice_n of_o assize_n and_o nisi_fw-la prius_fw-la be_v to_o have_v cognizance_n of_o common-plea_n only_o and_o
issue_n or_o demurrer_n and_o then_o to_o the_o common-law_n where_o upon_o trial_n if_o the_o defendant_n make_v default_n 25._o the_o plaintiff_n shall_v have_v judgement_n and_o execution_n and_o if_o the_o heir_n be_v in_o ward_n to_o the_o king_n the_o mother_n shall_v sue_v and_o recover_v her_o dower_n in_o the_o chancery_n and_o they_o tell_v we_o 73._o that_o it_o have_v power_n to_o prohibit_v spiritual_a court_n and_o court_n of_o common-law_n yea_o to_o over-rule_v or_o reverse_v judgement_n and_o yet_o the_o common-law_n hold_v its_o ground_n when_o it_o be_v concern_v for_o neither_o be_v all_o suit_n there_o by_o bill_n 47._o as_o in_o case_n of_o equity_n nor_o determine_v according_a to_o such_o rule_n nor_o do_v the_o power_n of_o judicature_n rest_n in_o the_o breast_n of_o one_o chancellor_n but_o in_o he_o joint_o with_o other_o council_n of_o the_o king_n which_o be_v also_o learned_a judge_n of_o the_o law._n for_o the_o report_n inform_v that_o edward_n the_o second_o have_v grant_v a_o rent_n in_o tail_n to_o the_o earl_n of_o kent_n who_o die_v his_o son_n under_o age_n and_o ward_n to_o the_o king_n edward_z the_o third_z seize_v among_o other_o land_n the_o rent_n and_o grant_v it_o to_o sir_n john_n molins_n upon_o petition_n the_o king_n refer_v the_o matter_n to_o the_o archbishop_n and_o other_o of_o the_o council_n call_v to_o they_o the_o chancellor_n a_o scire_fw-la facias_fw-la go_v forth_o to_o sir_n john_n molin_n he_o upon_o appearance_n plead_v to_o the_o jurisdiction_n as_o a_o case_n belong_v to_o the_o common-law_n but_o it_o will_v not_o be_v allow_v because_o it_o be_v to_o repeal_v the_o king_n charter_n and_o whereas_o it_o be_v object_v that_o the_o reference_n be_v to_o the_o archbishop_n and_o other_o and_o therefore_o the_o cause_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v determine_v in_o the_o chancery_n it_o be_v resolve_v that_o it_o do_v proper_o belong_v to_o the_o chancery_n by_o the_o law_n and_o in_o the_o argument_n of_o the_o case_n it_o appear_v clear_o that_o the_o king_n council_n there_o 35._o be_v learn_v in_o the_o law._n and_o the_o same_o be_v yet_o more_o evident_a by_o the_o title_n of_o bill_n in_o those_o day_n exhibit_v in_o the_o chancery_n which_o be_v direct_v to_o the_o chancellor_n and_o the_o king_n council_n and_o the_o rule_n give_v per_fw-la tout_fw-fr les_fw-fr justice_n which_o i_o rather_o note_v for_o the_o shortness_n of_o the_o form_n of_o bill_n in_o those_o day_n far_o different_a from_o these_o time_n wherein_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o complaint_n however_o small_a in_o itself_o be_v oftentimes_o blow_v out_o into_o so_o great_a a_o bubble_n that_o it_o break_v to_o nothing_o and_o the_o statute_n former_o mention_v do_v assert_v the_o same_o thing_n as_o touch_v the_o king_n council_n for_o though_o they_o speak_v of_o the_o council_n or_o chancery_n in_o the_o english_a tongue_n yet_o in_o the_o original_a the_o word_n be_v conceil_fw-fr en_fw-fr chancery_n have_v thus_o touch_v upon_o the_o matter_n under_o the_o judicatory_a of_o the_o chancery_n and_o judge_n in_o the_o same_o in_o the_o next_o place_n the_o manner_n of_o proceed_n come_v to_o consideration_n for_o it_o seem_v they_o have_v be_v former_o very_o irregular_a and_o that_o contrary_a to_o the_o grand_a charter_n upon_o a_o bare_a suggestion_n in_o the_o chancery_n the_o party_n complain_v of_o be_v imprison_v and_o no_o proceed_n make_v thereupon_o for_o remedy_v whereof_o it_o be_v ordain_v that_o upon_o suggestion_n so_o make_v the_o complainant_n be_v to_o find_v surety_n to_o pursue_v the_o suggestion_n and_o that_o the_o process_n of_o law_n shall_v issue_v forth_o against_o the_o party_n without_o imprison_v he_o and_o that_o if_o the_o suggestion_n be_v not_o prove_v true_a the_o complainant_n shall_v incur_v the_o like_a penalty_n that_o the_o defendant_n shall_v have_v do_v in_o case_n he_o have_v be_v find_v guilty_a 17._o but_o afterward_o this_o late_a clause_n be_v alter_v by_o another_o statute_n because_o it_o be_v full_a of_o uncertainty_n and_o it_o be_v ordain_v that_o in_o such_o case_n the_o complainant_n shall_v be_v imprison_v 9_o until_o he_o shall_v satisfy_v the_o defendant_n of_o his_o damage_n and_o furthermore_o shall_v make_v fine_a and_o ransom_n to_o the_o king._n but_o because_o that_o the_o defendant_n many_o time_n hold_v his_o advantage_n 6._o even_o to_o extremity_n this_o course_n last_v not_o long_o but_o a_o new_a law_n be_v make_v which_o put_v the_o power_n of_o award_v damage_n in_o such_o case_n into_o the_o chancellor_n to_o do_v according_a to_o his_o discretion_n and_o thus_o the_o chancery_n obtain_v power_n to_o award_v damage_n which_o they_o never_o have_v forme_o 32._o and_o the_o chancellor_n a_o precedency_n both_o in_o the_o chancery_n and_o of_o the_o council_n in_o the_o court_n of_o star-chamber_n and_o in_o many_o case_n in_o the_o exchequer_n by_o the_o first_o he_o have_v a_o power_n in_o matter_n of_o meum_fw-la and_o tuum_fw-la by_o the_o last_o in_o matter_n mei_fw-la and_o regis_fw-la and_o by_o the_o other_o in_o matter_n mei_fw-la and_o regni_fw-la a_o considerable_a man_n certain_o he_o be_v in_o the_o motion_n of_o government_n but_o how_o much_o more_o if_o he_o be_v make_v archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n cardinal_z and_o legate_z à _fw-fr latere_fw-la or_o archbishop_n lord_n treasurer_n and_o legate_n à _fw-fr latere_fw-la as_o these_o day_n have_v divers_a time_n see_v extraordinary_a advancement_n bestow_v upon_o the_o nobility_n bring_v honour_n to_o the_o throne_n but_o if_o they_o be_v not_o man_n of_o note_a worth_n and_o uprightness_n they_o make_v the_o sceptre_n stoop_v by_o stir_v up_o envy_n in_o the_o nobility_n and_o indignation_n from_o the_o people_n for_o seldom_o be_v it_o see_v that_o advancement_n be_v feed_v from_o the_o crown_n though_o they_o be_v breed_v from_o thence_o but_o either_o maintain_v by_o new_a supply_n from_o the_o people_n purse_n or_o the_o ruin_n or_o decay_v of_o some_o officer_n more_o ancient_a than_o themselves_o or_o both_o and_o such_o be_v the_o condition_n of_o the_o chancellor_n he_o suck_v fat_a from_o beneath_o and_o blood_n and_o spirit_n from_o the_o grand_a chief_a justiciar_n of_o england_n and_o so_o reduce_v that_o honourable_a potentate_n unto_o the_o degree_n of_o chief_a justice_n of_o the_o king_n bench_n leave_v scarce_o unto_o he_o the_o name_n or_o title_n of_o lord_n one_o thing_n more_o remain_v touch_v the_o election_n or_o nomination_n of_o this_o great_a man._n at_o the_o first_o he_o be_v no_o better_a than_o a_o register_n or_o the_o king_n remembrancer_n or_o secretary_n have_v also_o the_o honour_n to_o advise_v the_o king_n in_o such_o matter_n as_o come_v within_o the_o circuit_n of_o the_o write_n in_o his_o custody_n and_o questionless_a eo_fw-la usque_fw-la it_o be_v suitable_a to_o all_o the_o reason_n in_o the_o world_n that_o he_o shall_v be_v of_o the_o king_n be_v sole_a nomination_n and_o election_n but_o when_o it_o befall_v that_o instead_o of_o advise_v the_o king_n his_o word_n be_v take_v to_o be_v the_o rule_n and_o a_o judicatory_a power_n put_v upon_o that_o and_o unto_o this_o be_v superad_v that_o honourable_a trust_n of_o keep_v and_o govern_v the_o great_a seal_n of_o the_o kingdom_n with_o the_o continual_a grow_a power_n occasional_o confer_v upon_o he_o by_o the_o parliament_n he_o be_v now_o become_v no_o more_o the_o king_n remembrancer_n but_o the_o lord_n chancellor_n of_o england_n and_o supreme_a officer_n of_o state._n and_o it_o seem_v but_o reasonable_a that_o he_o shall_v hold_v his_o place_n by_o public_a election_n as_o well_o as_o the_o grand_a justiciar_n who_o plume_n he_o borrow_v and_o other_o grand_a officer_n of_o state_n do_v before_o he_o for_o he_o that_o will_v have_v his_o servant_n to_o work_v for_o another_o must_v give_v the_o other_o that_o honour_n of_o elect_v he_o thereto_o nor_o be_v this_o lay_v aside_o nor_o forget_v by_o these_o time_n but_o a_o claim_n be_v put_v in_o for_o the_o election_n or_o allowance_n of_o this_o principal_a officer_n among_o other_o 15._o the_o parliament_n obtain_v a_o judgement_n in_o the_o case_n by_o the_o king_n confession_n and_o so_o the_o thing_n be_v leave_v to_o the_o judgement_n of_o future_a age_n 10._o viz._n whether_o a_o king_n that_o can_v do_v no_o man_n wrong_v can_v dissemble_v the_o royal_a assent_n in_o parliament_n or_o declare_v himself_o legal_o in_o that_o manner_n by_o proclamation_n chap._n v._o of_o admiral_n court_n this_o be_v a_o three_o court_n that_o maintain_v the_o king_n judicatory_a power_n in_o a_o different_a way_n from_o that_o which_o be_v common_o call_v the_o common-law_n and_o by_o many_o be_v therefore_o suppose_a to_o advance_v the_o king_n prerogative_n but_o upon_o mistake_v ground_n it_o be_v very_o true_a that_o the_o
allow_v of_o by_o offa_n the_o great_a in_o a_o legatine_n synod_n and_o thus_o high_o advance_v bishop_n be_v now_o consecrate_v to_o any_o work_n and_o make_v every_o thing_n sacred_a oath_n take_v before_o they_o be_v of_o high_a moment_n 128._o and_o therefore_o the_o trial_n of_o crime_n before_o they_o and_o the_o acknowledgement_n of_o deed_n of_o conveyance_n in_o their_o presence_n be_v without_o control_n 693._o their_o custody_n be_v a_o sufficient_a seal_n to_o all_o weight_n and_o measure_n 37._o which_o they_o commit_v to_o some_o clerk_n who_o they_o trust_v 11._o and_o at_o this_o day_n though_o a_o lay-person_n bear_v title_n of_o clerk_n 197._o of_o the_o market_n and_o although_o ancient_o they_o may_v not_o interest_n secularibus_fw-la yet_o afterward_o it_o become_v a_o part_n of_o their_o office_n to_o assist_v judge_n in_o secular_a cause_n 697._o to_o see_v that_o justice_n be_v not_o wrong_v and_o they_o have_v the_o sole_a cognizance_n of_o all_o cause_n criminal_a belong_v to_o the_o clergy_n their_o tenant_n or_o servant_n and_o in_o their_o synod_n their_o power_n reach_v to_o such_o crime_n of_o layman_n as_o come_v within_o the_o savour_n of_o the_o canon_n though_o it_o be_v but_o in_o the_o cold_a scent_n as_o the_o law_n of_o athelstane_n and_o other_o his_o successor_n sufficient_o set_v forth_o and_o thus_o dress_v up_o let_v they_o stand_v aside_o that_o room_n may_v be_v make_v for_o their_o train_n chap_n ix_o of_o the_o saxon_a presbyter_n these_o follow_v their_o lord_n the_o bishop_n as_o fast_o as_o they_o can_v hunt_v for_o be_v of_o the_o same_o order_n as_o the_o less_o proud_a time_n acknowledge_v they_o will_v not_o be_v under_o foot_n 576._o and_o the_o other_o above_o the_o top_n true_a it_o be_v that_o the_o bishop_n load_v they_o with_o canon_n and_o keep_v they_o under_o by_o hard_a work_n under_o the_o trick_n of_o canonical_a obedience_n yet_o it_o be_v no_o part_n of_o their_o meaning_n to_o suffer_v they_o to_o become_v vile_a in_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o laity_n 448._o for_o they_o know_v well_o enough_o that_o the_o presbyter_n must_v be_v their_o bridle_n to_o lead_v and_o curb_v the_o people_n 406._o and_o their_o eye_n to_o see_v whether_o the_o wind_n from_o below_o blow_v fair_a or_o foul_a for_o they_o who_o conscience_n already_o tell_v they_o that_o they_o merit_v not_o much_o favour_n from_o the_o people_n 273._o they_o see_v it_o therefore_o necessary_a to_o enhance_v the_o price_n of_o a_o presbyter_n somewhat_o within_o the_o alloye_n of_o a_o bishop_n 12._o to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o presbytery_n may_v not_o be_v too_o like_o the_o babylonian_a image_n 9_o who_o head_n be_v gold_n and_o foot_n of_o iron_n and_o day_n a_o presbyter_n therefore_o they_o will_v have_v to_o be_v of_o equal_a repute_n with_o a_o baron_n and_o his_o person_n shall_v be_v in_o repute_n so_o sacred_a as_o that_o all_o wrong_n do_v thereunto_o must_v be_v double_o punish_v with_o satisfaction_n to_o the_o party_n and_o to_o the_o church_n his_o credit_n or_o fame_n must_v not_o be_v touch_v by_o lay-testimony_n nor_o be_v he_o to_o be_v judge_v by_o any_o secular_a power_n but_o to_o be_v honour_v as_o a_o angel._n such_o be_v these_o instrument_n of_o the_o bishop_n government_n and_o these_o be_v put_v as_o a_o glass_n between_o the_o bishop_n and_o people_n and_o can_v represent_v the_o people_n to_o the_o bishop_n black_a or_o white_a and_o the_o bishop_n to_o they_o in_o like_a manner_n as_o they_o please_v and_o so_o under_o fear_n of_o the_o bishop_n curse_n keep_v the_o people_n in_o awe_n to_o themselves_o and_o it_o chap._n x._o of_o other_o inferior_a church-officer_n among_o the_o saxon_n they_o have_v other_o inferior_a degree_n of_o the_o clergy_n which_o because_o they_o be_v mere_o subservient_fw-fr and_o not_o considerable_a in_o church-government_n i_o shall_v only_o touch_v upon_o they_o deacon_n the_o first_o be_v call_v deacon_n which_o be_v attend_v upon_o the_o presbyter_n to_o bring_v the_o offering_n to_o the_o altar_n to_o read_v the_o gospel_n to_o baptise_v and_o administer_v the_o lord_n supper_n then_o follow_v the_o subdeacons_a who_o use_v to_o attend_v the_o deacon_n with_o consecrate_a vessel_n subdeacons_a and_o other_o necessary_n for_o the_o administer_a of_o the_o sacrement_n next_o these_o acolites_n which_o wait_v with_o the_o trapers_n ready_a light_v while_o the_o gospel_n be_v read_v acolites_n and_o the_o sacrament_n consecrate_v exorcist_n then_o exorcist_n that_o serve_v to_o dispossess_v such_o as_o be_v possess_v by_o the_o devil_n and_o office_n as_o it_o may_v seem_v of_o little_a use_n 54._o yet_o very_o ancient_a for_o they_o be_v find_v at_o the_o synod_n at_o arles_n which_o be_v within_o three_o hundred_o year_n after_o christ_n death_n lecturer_n come_v next_o lecturer_n who_o serve_v to_o read_v and_o expound_v and_o these_o be_v of_o use_n when_o church_n begin_v to_o multiply_v and_o presbyter_n grow_v idle_a last_o ostiaries_n which_o use_v to_o ring_v the_o bell_n ostiaries_n and_o open_a and_o shut_v the_o church-door_n these_o be_v the_o several_a rank_n of_o church-officer_n be_v seven_o in_o number_n for_o bishop_n and_o presbyter_n make_v but_o one_o and_o may_v be_v as_o thus_o order_v the_o seven_o head_n of_o the_o beast_n whereon_o the_o woman_n sit_v 261._o and_o with_o much_o ado_n make_v up_o a_o kind_n of_o church-service_n somewhat_o like_o a_o great_a hoe_n in_o a_o ship-yard_n at_o the_o stir_n of_o a_o little_a log_n 750._o and_o be_v nevertheless_o well_o pay_v for_o their_o labour_n chap._n xi_o of_o churchmen_n maintenance_n among_o the_o saxon_n i_o take_v no_o notice_n in_o this_o account_n of_o the_o abbot_n and_o prior_n and_o other_o such_o religious_a man_n as_o they_o be_v then_o call_v nor_o can_v i_o pass_v they_o among_o the_o number_n of_o church-governors_n or_o officer_n be_v no_o other_o than_o as_o a_o six_o finger_n or_o a_o excrescence_n that_o the_o body_n may_v well_o spare_v and_o yet_o they_o suck_v up_o much_o of_o the_o blood_n and_o spirit_n thereof_o but_o as_o touch_v the_o maintenance_n of_o those_o former_o mention_v who_o have_v a_o constant_a influence_n in_o the_o government_n of_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o public_a worship_n of_o god_n and_o regard_n of_o salvation_n of_o the_o soul_n of_o the_o people_n i_o say_v their_o maintenance_n be_v diverse_o raise_v and_o as_o diverse_o employ_v first_o through_o the_o bounty_n of_o king_n and_o great_a man_n land_n and_o manor_n be_v bestow_v upon_o the_o metropolitan_a and_o bishop_n in_o free_a alm_n and_o from_o these_o arise_v the_o maintenance_n that_o ascend_v up_o in_o abundance_n to_o the_o high_a region_n of_o the_o clergy_n but_o come_v again_o in_o thin_a dew_n scarce_o enough_o to_o keep_v the_o husbandman_n hope_n from_o despair_n otherwise_o have_v not_o the_o prelate_n so_o soon_o mount_v up_o into_o the_o chair_n of_o pomp_n and_o state_n as_o they_o do_v i_o say_v these_o be_v give_v in_o free_a alm_n or_o more_o plain_o as_o alm_n free_a from_o all_o service_n and_o this_o be_v doubtless_o soon_o think_v upon_o for_o it_o be_v former_o in_o precedent_n with_o their_o heathenish-priest_n and_o druid_n as_o caesar_n note_v that_o they_o have_v omnium_fw-la rerum_fw-la immunitatem_fw-la yet_o with_o the_o exception_n of_o work_n of_o public_a charity_n and_o safety_n such_o as_o be_v maintain_v of_o highway_n repair_v of_o bridge_n and_o fortify_v of_o castle_n etc._n etc._n and_o hereof_o the_o precedent_n be_v numerous_a the_o work_n whereto_o this_o wage_n be_v appoint_v be_v the_o worship_n of_o god_n and_o increase_v of_o religion_n and_o thus_o not_o only_o many_o of_o the_o king_n subject_n be_v exempt_v from_o public_a service_n but_o much_o of_o the_o revenue_n of_o the_o kingdom_n former_o employ_v for_o the_o public_a safety_n become_v acquit_v from_o the_o service_n of_o the_o field_n to_o the_o service_n of_o the_o bead_n the_o strength_n of_o the_o kingdom_n much_o impair_v and_o the_o subject_n much_o grieve_v who_o in_o those_o early_a time_n see_v the_o inconvenience_n and_o complain_v thereof_o to_o their_o king_n but_o can_v not_o prevail_v this_o be_v the_o vintage_n of_o king_n and_o great_a man_n abb._n but_o the_o glean_n of_o the_o people_n be_v much_o more_o plentiful_a for_o beside_o the_o court_n which_o swell_v as_o the_o irregularity_n of_o those_o time_n increase_v and_o thereby_o enrich_v the_o coffer_n of_o that_o covetous_a generation_n the_o great_a part_n whereof_o aught_o by_o the_o canon_n to_o go_v to_o the_o public_a the_o best_a part_n of_o the_o settle_a maintenance_n 1009._o especial_o of_o the_o inferior_a degree_n 513._o arise_v from_o the_o good_a affection_n of_o the_o people_n 31._o who_o be_v either_o forward_a to_o offer_v or_o easy_o persuade_v to_o forgo_v
the_o gift_n of_o the_o king_n for_o the_o law_n of_o st._n edward_n which_o provide_v for_o the_o recovery_n of_o the_o arrear_n of_o this_o money_n 545._o and_o enjoin_v that_o they_o must_v be_v pay_v to_o the_o king_n and_o not_o to_o rome_n 621._o as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o day_n of_o canutus_n and_o edgar_n render_v the_o reason_n thereof_o to_o be_v because_o it_o be_v the_o king_n alms._n second_o that_o it_o be_v a_o alm_n only_o from_o the_o king_n and_o out_o of_o his_o own_o demesne_n may_v seem_v not_o improbable_a because_o it_o be_v ex_fw-la regali_fw-la munificentia_fw-la which_o can_v never_o be_v affirm_v if_o the_o gift_n have_v be_v out_o of_o the_o estate_n of_o other_o second_o it_o be_v grant_v only_o out_o of_o such_o house_n as_o yield_v thirty_o penny_n rend_v call_v vivae_fw-la pecuniae_fw-la because_o in_o those_o time_n rent_n be_v pay_v in_o victual_n so_o as_o it_o may_v seem_v that_o only_a farm_n be_v charge_v herewith_o and_o not_o all_o man_n farm_n neither_o for_o the_o general_a income_n will_v never_o answer_v that_o proportion_n the_o particular_a hereof_o i_o shall_v in_o brief_a set_v forth_o it_o appear_v in_o the_o former_a quotation_n that_o offa_n charge_v this_o levy_n upon_o the_o inhabitant_n dwell_v in_o nine_o several_a diocese_n viz._n hereford_n which_o contain_v the_o city_n and_o county_n adjacent_a 2._o worcester_z contain_v the_o city_n and_o shire_n of_o it_o and_o gloucester_n 3._o litchfield_n contain_v warwickshire_n cheshire_n staffordshire_n shropshire_n and_o derbyshire_n 4._o leicester_n with_o the_o county_n adjacent_a 5._o lincoln_n with_o the_o county_n adjacent_a 6._o dorchester_n whereto_o belong_v northamptonshire_n buckinghamshire_n bedfordshire_n huntingtonshire_n cambridgeshire_n and_o half_a hertfordshire_n 7._o london_n with_o essex_z middlesex_n and_o the_o other_o half_a of_o hertfordshire_n 8._o helmham_n with_o norfolk_n 9_o domuck_n or_o dunwich_n with_o suffolk_n in_o which_o nine_o diocese_n be_v two_o and_o twenty_o shire_n and_o he_o further_o grant_v it_o out_o of_o spatinghenshire_n now_o nottingham_n who_o church_n belong_v to_o york_n but_o in_o ethelwolfs_n time_n the_o grant_n be_v enlarge_v and_o extend_v into_o fifteen_o diocese_n which_o together_o with_o their_o several_a charge_n out_o of_o the_o english_a martyrology_n i_o shall_v particularize_v 340._o as_o follow_v  _fw-fr l._n s._n d._n cantuar._n diocese_n 07_o 18_o 0_o london_n 16_o 10_o 0_o roffen_n 05_o 12_o 0_o norwic_n 21_o 10_o 0_o elienum_fw-la 05_o 00_o 0_o lincoln_n 42_o 00_o 0_o cistrens_fw-la 08_o 00_o 0_o winton_n 17_o 06_o 8_o exon_n 09_o 05_o 0_o wigorn_n 10_o 05_o 0_o hereford_n 06_o 00_o 0_o bathon_n 12_o 05_o 0_o latisburgh_n 17_o 00_o 0_o coventry_n 10_o 05_o 0_o ebor_n 11_o 10_o 0_o  _fw-fr 200_o 06_o 8_o the_o whole_a sum_n whereof_o not_o exceed_v two_o hundred_o pound_n six_o shilling_n and_o eight_o penny_n will_v not_o amount_v to_o seven_o hundred_o pound_n of_o now-currant_n money_n if_o the_o weight_n of_o a_o penny_n be_v not_o less_o in_o those_o time_n than_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o when_o it_o be_v the_o twenty_o part_n of_o a_o ounce_n and_o that_o the_o twelve_o part_n of_o a_o pound_n as_o by_o the_o statute_n thereof_o make_v may_v appear_v nor_o can_v the_o difference_n be_v much_o if_o any_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o vicinity_n of_o the_o time_n of_o this_o extract_n to_o that_o of_o the_o statute_n for_o though_o no_o particular_a date_n thereof_o appear_v yet_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v do_v after_o the_o translation_n of_o the_o see_v from_o thetford_n to_o norwich_n which_o be_v do_v in_o william_n rufus_n his_o time_n and_o after_o the_o erect_n of_o the_o bishopric_n of_o ely_n 18._o which_o be_v in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o now_o albeit_o this_o charge_n be_v in_o future_a time_n diverse_o order_v and_o change_v yet_o upon_o this_o account_n it_o will_v appear_v that_o not_o above_o eight_o and_o forty_o thousand_o and_o eighty_o house_n be_v charge_v in_o this_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o second_o with_o this_o assessment_n which_o be_v a_o very_a small_a proportion_n to_o the_o number_n of_o house_n of_o husbandry_n in_o these_o day_n and_o much_o more_o inferior_a to_o the_o proportion_n of_o house_n in_o those_o time_n if_o polydore_v observation_n be_v true_a that_o in_o the_o conquerour_n time_n there_o be_v sixty_o thousand_o knight_n fee_n and_o as_o other_o fifty_o thousand_o parish_n it_o may_v therefore_o be_v rather_o think_v that_o none_o but_o the_o king_n farmer_n be_v charge_v herewith_o notwithstanding_o the_o positive_a relation_n of_o writer_n who_o in_o this_o case_n as_o in_o most_o other_o wherein_o the_o credit_n of_o rome_n be_v engage_v spare_v not_o to_o believe_v light_o and_o to_o write_v large_o and_o thus_o for_o their_o sevenfold_o church-officer_n we_o have_v also_o as_o many_o kind_n of_o constant_a maintenance_n one_o in_o land_n and_o tenement_n and_o six_o several_a kind_n out_o of_o the_o profit_n and_o the_o personal_a estate_n beside_o the_o emergent_a benefit_n of_o oblation_n and_o other_o former_o mention_v chap._n xii_o of_o the_o several_a precinct_n of_o jurisdiction_n of_o church-governor_n among_o the_o saxon_n the_o church-officer_n thus_o call_v to_o the_o drum_n and_o pay_v be_v send_v to_o their_o several_a charge_n over_o province_n diocese_n deanery_n and_o parish_n as_o they_o can_v be_v settle_v by_o time_n and_o occasion_n before_o the_o saxon_n arrival_n 4._o london_n have_v the_o metropolitan_a sea_n or_o be_v the_o chief_a in_o precedency_n for_o archbishop_n the_o briton_n have_v none_o afterward_o by_o advice_n of_o the_o wiseman_n canterbury_n obtain_v the_o precedency_n for_o the_o honour_n of_o austin_n who_o be_v there_o bury_v the_o number_n of_o province_n and_o their_o several_a metropolitan_a see_v 29._o be_v first_o order_v by_o advice_n of_o pope_n gregory_n who_o appoint_v two_o arch-bishop_n in_o saxony_n the_o one_o to_o reside_v at_o canterbury_n the_o other_o at_o york_n and_o that_o each_o of_o they_o shall_v have_v twelve_o bishop_n under_o they_o but_o this_o can_v never_o be_v complete_v till_o austin_n be_v dead_a as_o by_o the_o epistle_n of_o kenulphus_n to_o pope_n leo_n appear_v nor_o then_o have_v the_o pope_n the_o whole_a power_n herein_o entail_v to_o his_o triple_a crown_n offae_n for_o the_o same_o epistle_n witness_v that_o the_o council_n of_o the_o wiseman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n rule_v the_o case_n of_o the_o primacy_n of_o canterbury_n 133._o and_o offa_n the_o king_n afterward_o divide_v the_o province_n of_o canterbury_n into_o two_o province_n which_o former_o be_v but_o one_o brit._n the_o precinct_n of_o diocese_n have_v be_v alter_v ordinary_o by_o king_n 54._o or_o the_o archbishop_n and_o their_o synod_n as_o the_o life_n of_o those_o first_o archbishop_n set_v forth_o 775._o theodore_n have_v divide_v his_o province_n into_o five_o diocese_n and_o within_o a_o hundred_o year_n after_o offa_n we_o find_v it_o increase_v into_o eleven_o diocese_n diocese_n have_v also_o be_v subdivide_v into_o inferior_a precinct_n call_v deanery_n or_o decanary_n the_o chief_a of_o which_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v a_o presbyter_n of_o the_o high_a note_n call_v decanus_n or_o arch-presbyter_n the_o name_n be_v take_v from_o that_o precinct_n of_o the_o lay-power_n call_v decennary_n have_v ten_o presbyter_n under_o his_o visit_n even_o as_o the_o decenner_n under_o their_o chief_n 31._o the_o small_a precinct_n be_v that_o of_o the_o parish_n 1._o the_o oversight_n whereof_o be_v the_o presbyter_n work_v they_o have_v abbey_n and_o other_o religious_a house_n but_o these_o be_v however_o regular_a among_o themselves_o yet_o irregular_a in_o regard_n of_o church-government_n whereof_o i_o treat_v chap._n xiii_o of_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o prelate_n government_n of_o the_o saxon-church_n have_v discourse_v of_o the_o person_n and_o precinct_n it_o now_o befall_v to_o touch_v upon_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o government_n of_o the_o church_n by_o the_o saxon-prelate_n which_o be_v not_o wrap_v up_o in_o the_o narrow_a closet_n of_o private_a opinion_n but_o state_v and_o regulate_v by_o public_a council_n as_o well_o in_o the_o make_n as_o execute_v of_o law_n already_o make_v 263._o this_o course_n be_v learn_v from_o antiquity_n and_o enforce_v upon_o they_o by_o a_o roman-constitution_n in_o the_o case_n that_o concern_v archbishop_n theodore_n and_o wilfrid_n upon_o this_o ground_n quod_fw-la enim_fw-la multorum_fw-la concilio_fw-la geritur_fw-la nulli_fw-la consentientium_fw-la ingerat_fw-la scandalum_fw-la these_o be_v most_o ordinary_o call_v synod_n although_o at_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o relator_n call_v also_o council_n and_o be_v either_o diocesan_n or_o provincial_a 930._o or_o national_a and_o these_o either_o particular_a or_o general_a the_o general_n consist_v of_o all_o the_o bishop_n and_o clergy_n and_o such_o
accuse_v of_o homicide_n he_o shall_v be_v acquit_v by_o twelve_o lord_n but_o if_o of_o inferior_a rank_n he_o shall_v be_v acquit_v by_o eleven_o of_o his_o equal_n and_o one_o lord_n thus_o god_n providence_n dispose_v of_o the_o pride_n of_o man_n to_o be_v a_o instrument_n of_o its_o own_o restraint_n for_o the_o great_a man_n ere_o they_o be_v aware_a hereby_o lose_v one_o of_o the_o fair_a flower_n of_o their_o garland_n viz._n the_o judicature_n or_o rather_o the_o mastership_n of_o the_o life_n or_o death_n of_o the_o mean_a sort_n and_o thereby_o a_o fair_a opportunity_n of_o contain_v they_o for_o ever_o under_o their_o awe_n and_o no_o less_o remarkable_a be_v the_o benefit_n that_o redound_v to_o this_o nation_n hereby_o for_o have_v the_o great_a man_n hold_v this_o power_n as_o once_o they_o have_v it_o it_o may_v soon_o have_v endanger_v the_o liberty_n of_o the_o freeman_n and_o thereby_o be_v destructive_a to_o the_o fundamental_a constitution_n of_o the_o government_n of_o this_o realm_n which_o consist_v in_o the_o just_a and_o equal_a participation_n of_o these_o privilege_n wherein_o all_o be_v equal_o concern_v this_o be_v the_o trial_n wherein_o the_o people_n of_o this_o nation_n be_v make_v happy_a above_o all_o other_o people_n and_o whereby_o the_o freeman_n as_o they_o have_v the_o legislative_a power_n so_o likewise_o have_v the_o juridical_a and_o thereby_o next_o under_o god_n a_o absolute_a dominion_n over_o themselves_o and_o their_o estate_n for_o though_o this_o course_n of_o trial_n be_v first_o apply_v to_o matter_n of_o crime_n yet_o it_o soon_o also_o seize_v upon_o the_o common-plea_n which_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v the_o work_n of_o main_a import_n in_o the_o hundred_o court_n and_o suitable_a hereunto_o be_v the_o prescription_n which_o be_v extant_a in_o the_o law-book_n of_o cognizance_n of_o plea_n and_o writ_n of_o assize_n etc._n etc._n from_o the_o time_n of_o the_o saxon_n 24._o as_o in_o that_o case_n of_o the_o abbot_n of_o bury_n among_o other_o do_v appear_v chap._n thirty-nine_o of_o pass_v of_o judgement_n and_o execution_n after_o verdict_n judgement_n pass_v according_a to_o the_o letter_n of_o the_o law_n or_o know_v custom_n in_o criminal_a matter_n according_a to_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o offence_n either_o for_o death_n or_o loss_n of_o member_n but_o if_o the_o circumstance_n favour_v the_o delinquent_n he_o be_v admit_v to_o redemption_n of_o life_n or_o member_n by_o fine_a also_o settle_v by_o letter_n of_o the_o law_n and_o not_o leave_v to_o the_o judge_n discretion_n if_o the_o crime_n reach_v only_o to_o shameful_a penance_n inae_fw-la such_o as_o pillory_n or_o whip_n canut_n the_o last_o whereof_o be_v inflict_v only_o upon_o bondman_n then_o may_v that_o penance_n be_v reduce_v to_o a_o ransom_n according_a to_o the_o grain_n of_o the_o offence_n assess_v in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o judge_n by_o the_o freeman_n and_o enter_v upon_o the_o roll_n and_o the_o estreat_n of_o each_o ransom_n several_o and_o apart_o send_v to_o the_o sheriff_n this_o ransom_n be_v pay_v usual_o unto_o the_o king_n and_o lord_n and_o the_o party_n endamage_v or_o his_o friend_n if_o the_o case_n so_o require_v according_a to_o the_o old_a german_a rule_n 22._o pars_fw-la mulctae_fw-la regi_fw-la vel_fw-la civitati_fw-la pars_fw-la ipsi_fw-la qui_fw-la vindicatur_fw-la vel_fw-la propinquis_fw-la ejus_fw-la tacitus_n this_o course_n open_v indeed_o a_o way_n for_o mercy_n but_o through_o corruption_n a_o floodgate_n to_o wickedness_n in_o the_o conclusion_n of_o imprisonment_n there_o be_v little_a use_n in_o the_o elder_a time_n afterward_o it_o be_v more_o use_v not_o only_o to_o secure_v the_o person_n to_o come_v to_o trial_n of_o law_n for_o miscarriage_n past_a but_o sometime_o to_o secure_a man_n against_o commit_v of_o future_a mischief_n especial_o if_o it_o more_o concern_v the_o public_a i_o find_v but_o little_a or_o no_o use_n thereof_o bare_o as_o a_o punishment_n nor_o will_v their_o ancestor_n so_o punish_v their_o bondman_n vinculis_fw-la coercere_fw-la rarum_fw-la est_fw-la in_o case_n of_o debt_n or_o damage_n the_o recovery_n thereof_o be_v in_o nature_n of_o elegit_fw-la for_o the_o party_n wrong_v either_o have_v the_o offender_n good_n to_o he_o deliver_v or_o the_o value_n in_o money_n upon_o sale_n of_o the_o good_n make_v by_o the_o sheriff_n and_o if_o that_o satisfy_v not_o edw._n than_o the_o moiety_n of_o the_o land_n be_v extend_v and_o so_o by_o moity_n so_o far_o as_o be_v possible_a salvo_fw-la contenemento_fw-it and_o when_o all_o be_v go_v the_o defendant_n arm_n which_o be_v account_v as_o the_o nether-milstone_n or_o stock_n of_o maintenance_n be_v last_o of_o all_o seize_v 1._o and_o then_o the_o party_n be_v account_v undo_v and_o cast_v upon_o the_o charity_n of_o his_o friend_n for_o his_o sustenance_n but_o the_o person_n of_o the_o man_n be_v never_o imprison_v as_o a_o pledge_n for_o the_o debt_n no_o not_o in_o the_o king_n case_n alfred_n imprison_v one_o of_o his_o judge_n for_o imprison_a a_o man_n in_o that_o case_n one_o punishment_n of_o death_n they_o have_v in_o case_n of_o crime_n 1._o and_o that_o be_v by_o hang_v or_o strangle_v and_o where_o the_o crime_n be_v not_o so_o great_a sometime_o ensue_v loss_n of_o member_n or_o mutilation_n and_o in_o many_o such_o case_n excommunication_n pronounce_v indeed_o by_o the_o clergy_n but_o determine_v by_o the_o law_n which_o in_o the_o first_o conception_n be_v frame_v in_o the_o womb_n of_o the_o legislative_a power_n in_o parliament_n 420._o as_o may_v appear_v in_o many_o law_n there_o make_v nor_o be_v there_o in_o those_o time_n any_o question_n make_v of_o the_o cognizance_n thereof_o so_o long_o as_o the_o clergy_n and_o laity_n have_v charity_n enough_o to_o join_v in_o all_o public_a council_n chap._n xl._o of_o the_o penal_a law_n among_o the_o saxon_n pass_v the_o court_n and_o manner_n of_o proceed_n till_o sentence_n we_o be_v now_o come_v to_o the_o particular_a law_n that_o direct_v the_o sentence_n and_o first_o of_o those_o that_o concern_v criminal_a offence_n during_o the_o saxon_n time_n the_o commonwealth_n be_v in_o its_o minority_n the_o government_n tender_a the_o law_n green_a and_o subject_a to_o bend_v according_a to_o the_o blast_n of_o time_n and_o occasion_n and_o according_a to_o the_o different_a disposition_n of_o governor_n age_n and_o people_n for_o though_o the_o saxon_n be_v in_o name_n our_o first_o matter_n yet_o not_o they_o only_a but_o they_o have_v once_o make_v the_o breach_n open_a and_o enter_v this_o island_n it_o become_v a_o common_a receptacle_n of_o those_o eastern_a people_n the_o angles_n dane_n almain_n and_o goth_n as_o their_o several_a law_n leave_v with_o we_o in_o power_n do_v not_o obscure_o inform_v we_o and_o among_o all_o the_o rest_n the_o goth_n be_v not_o the_o least_o concern_v herein_o for_o the_o saxon_a king_n determine_v what_o people_n shall_v be_v hold_v denizen_n in_o this_o kingdom_n say_v that_o the_o goth_n ought_v to_o be_v receive_v and_o protect_v in_o this_o kingdom_n as_o swear_v brethren_n kinsman_n and_o proper_a citizen_n of_o this_o commonwealth_n nor_o can_v any_o nation_n upon_o earth_n show_v so_o much_o of_o the_o ancient_a gothique_a law_n as_o this_o island_n have_v nevertheless_o in_o this_o mixture_n of_o people_n of_o several_a nation_n there_o be_v a_o suitable_a mixture_n of_o law_n as_o the_o power_n of_o any_o one_o of_o these_o people_n be_v change_v so_o likewise_o do_v their_o law_n change_v in_o power_n and_o long_o it_o be_v ere_o a_o right_a temper_n of_o one_o uniform_a law_n can_v be_v settle_v yet_o in_o the_o interim_n these_o short_a remembrance_n leave_v unconsume_v by_o time_n i_o have_v subjoin_v that_o it_o may_v appear_v their_o motion_n be_v excellent_a though_o somewhat_o inconstant_a in_o their_o practice_n those_o time_n be_v dark_a and_o yet_o so_o far_o as_o any_o light_n appear_v the_o people_n be_v to_o be_v honour_v for_o their_o resolution_n in_o the_o defence_n thereof_o for_o there_o be_v few_o of_o the_o commandment_n of_o the_o two_o table_n which_o they_o do_v not_o assert_v by_o law_n by_o they_o make_v the_o three_o and_o ten_o except_v which_o latter_a command_v the_o inward_a man_n only_o and_o whereof_o god_n have_v the_o sole_a cognizance_n true_a it_o be_v that_o the_o first_o commandment_n contain_v much_o of_o the_o same_o nature_n witchery_n yet_o somewhat_o be_v visible_a and_o that_o they_o bind_v for_o whereas_o in_o those_o time_n the_o devil_n have_v such_o power_n as_o he_o do_v prevail_v with_o some_o and_o those_o it_o may_v be_v not_o a_o few_o to_o renounce_v god_n and_o deliver_v themselves_o whole_o to_o his_o own_o will_n they_o punish_v this_o crime_n with_o banishment_n as_o judge_v he_o unworthy_a their_o society_n that_o will_v communicate_v
hundred_o be_v amerce_v for_o the_o escape_n 15._o but_o if_o the_o party_n slay_v be_v know_v to_o be_v of_o english_a parent_n it_o be_v otherwise_o imprisonment_n this_o custom_n last_v long_o after_o the_o norman_n time_n the_o dane_n be_v only_o change_v into_o the_o norman_a and_o be_v call_v englishire_n battery_n maim_n imprisonment_n and_o other_o breach_n of_o peace_n be_v punish_v by_o fine_a which_o they_o call_v fightwitt_n grithbrece_n or_o frithbreck_n and_o the_o delinquent_n ordinary_o put_v in_o surety_n for_o the_o peace_n for_o future_a time_n the_o fine_a be_v increase_v by_o the_o number_n of_o delinquent_n join_v in_o the_o fact_n for_o if_o seven_o join_v 17._o it_o be_v a_o riot_n and_o the_o fine_a be_v then_o call_v flothbote_n if_o the_o number_n be_v five_o time_n so_o many_o viz._n thirty_o and_o five_o than_o it_o be_v a_o rebellion_n or_o war._n second_o the_o fine_a be_v increase_v by_o the_o time_n or_o season_n of_o the_o fact_n as_o in_o lent_n or_o while_o the_o army_n be_v in_o the_o field_n because_o in_o the_o first_o case_n the_o holy_a time_n be_v profane_v in_o the_o second_o the_o country_n be_v more_o endanger_v when_o the_o strength_n be_v abroad_o and_o the_o army_n may_v be_v discourage_v at_o the_o news_n of_o the_o disturbance_n at_o home_n 31._o and_o therefore_o the_o saxon_n punish_v this_o with_o death_n 36._o or_o fine_a suitable_a three_o the_o fine_a be_v the_o great_a in_o case_n of_o the_o excellency_n of_o the_o place_n 6._o where_o it_o be_v holy_a ground_n commandment_n or_o in_o the_o presence_n of_o great_a person_n such_o as_o the_o king_n or_o bishop_n adultery_n among_o the_o old_a german_n be_v hold_v a_o crime_n of_o a_o high_a nature_n 5._o the_o penalty_n of_o the_o woman_n that_o commit_v that_o crime_n be_v death_n 558._o i_o find_v not_o what_o become_v of_o the_o man._n in_o latter_a time_n of_o the_o saxon_n it_o grow_v less_o penal_a and_o more_o common_a 22._o by_o alfred_n law_n it_o be_v finable_a and_o the_o fine_a call_v legierwit_n by_o canutus_n the_o man_n be_v fine_v or_o banish_v incest_n the_o woman_n to_o lose_v her_o nose_n ear_n and_o her_o portion_n 19_o incest_n be_v more_o penal_a to_o the_o man_n than_o adultery_n and_o yet_o it_o touch_v not_o his_o life_n commandment_n robbery_n among_o the_o lacedaemonian_n be_v account_v but_o a_o trick_n of_o youth_n the_o athenian_n thought_n be_v more_o severe_a the_o german_n likewise_o differ_v in_o their_o censure_n concern_v it_o the_o saxon_n punish_v it_o with_o death_n sax._n but_o the_o angle_n with_o fine_a only_a yet_o ina_n the_o king_n make_v it_o mortal_a and_o canutus_n follow_v he_o therein_o 26._o and_o edward_n the_o confessor_n limit_v that_o punishment_n to_o theft_n of_o twelve_o penny_n in_o value_n or_o above_o wood_n burn_v of_o wood_n be_v finable_a by_o ina_n law_n but_o burglary_n be_v felony_n burglary_n in_o king_n edmund_n time_n only_o the_o dane_n make_v it_o finable_a 6._o possible_o be_v guilty_a in_o their_o own_o conscience_n of_o their_o own_o propensity_n to_o rapine_n and_o plundering_n 59_o this_o privilege_n of_o the_o dwellinghouse_n be_v ancient_o call_v hamsoca_n or_o hamsoken_n or_o hamsokne_v trespass_n trespass_n commit_v upon_o ground_n be_v all_o comprehend_v under_o the_o general_a name_n of_o ederbrece_n or_o hedge-breaking_a and_o the_o penalty_n be_v not_o only_o the_o damage_n to_o the_o party_n but_o also_o fine_a to_o the_o king_n upon_o action_n which_o in_o these_o day_n pass_v under_o the_o name_n of_o quare_fw-la clausum_fw-la fregit_fw-la according_a to_o the_o word_n of_o the_o writ_n 36._o the_o damage_n be_v more_o or_o less_o according_a to_o the_o time_n or_o season_n when_o it_o be_v do_v for_o it_o when_o the_o army_n be_v abroad_o the_o damage_n be_v double_v and_o in_o like_a manner_n if_o do_v in_o lent_n time_n if_o the_o trespass_n be_v do_v by_o a_o beast_n 6._o the_o owner_n must_v pay_v the_o damage_n 40._o but_o if_o it_o be_v occasion_v through_o the_o complainants_n default_n as_o through_o his_o gap_n no_o damage_n be_v pay_v the_o constant_a fine_a to_o the_o king_n in_o all_o such_o trespass_n 36._o be_v by_o alfred_n law_n set_v at_o five_o shilling_n other_o action_n also_o be_v then_o use_v as_o touch_v damage_n do_v to_o good_n and_o action_n upon_o the_o case_n for_o in_o alfred_n time_n the_o plaintiff_n recover_v not_o only_a damage_n for_o trespass_n do_v to_o possession_n and_o good_n but_o also_o cost_v for_o injury_n in_o point_n of_o scandal_n and_o defamation_n 301._o in_o case_n the_o complainant_n special_o declare_v that_o he_o be_v thereby_o disable_v or_o endamage_v in_o his_o preferment_n and_o make_v proof_n of_o the_o same_o suitable_a unto_o the_o form_n of_o our_o plead_n at_o this_o day_n which_o conclude_v with_o per_fw-la quod_fw-la etc._n etc._n or_o &_o deterioratus_fw-la est_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o saxon_n be_v utter_a enemy_n to_o perjury_n commandment_n they_o punish_v it_o with_o eternal_a discredit_n of_o testimony_n and_o sometime_o with_o banishment_n or_o with_o grievous_a fine_n to_o the_o king_n and_o mulct_n to_o the_o judge_n for_o that_o difference_n i_o find_v observe_v in_o those_o day_n between_o fine_n and_o mulct_n 12._o albeit_o the_o more_o ancient_a time_n use_v they_o for_o one_o and_o the_o same_o 53._o for_o so_o the_o historian_n pars_fw-la mulctae_fw-la regi_fw-la in_o all_o these_o matter_n where_o any_o interest_n be_v vest_v in_o the_o crown_n 18._o the_o king_n have_v the_o prerogative_n of_o pardon_n yet_o always_o the_o recompense_n to_o the_o party_n be_v save_v beside_o the_o security_n of_o the_o good_a behaviour_n for_o time_n to_o come_v as_o the_o case_n require_v chap._n xli_o of_o the_o law_n of_o property_n of_o land_n and_o good_n and_o their_o manner_n of_o conveyance_n thus_o pass_v over_o some_o top_n of_o saxon_a penal-law_n 1._o beside_o the_o general_a rule_n or_o law_n of_o eye_n for_o eye_n tooth_n for_o tooth_n etc._n etc._n it_o now_o remain_v as_o light_o to_o glance_v at_o a_o few_o general_n concern_v the_o settle_n and_o property_n of_o possession_n in_o point_n of_o title_n concern_v which_o although_o it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o conqueror_n of_o this_o part_n of_o the_o isle_n be_v a_o body_n aggregate_v of_o many_o nation_n or_o people_n and_o so_o divers_a custom_n must_v necessary_o settle_v by_o common_a intendment_n in_o several_a place_n according_a as_o they_o choose_v their_o habitation_n yet_o the_o general_a custom_n of_o the_o german_n as_o touch_v descent_n of_o inheritance_n be_v to_o the_o elder_a son._n inheritance_n for_o tacitus_n speak_v of_o the_o german_a cavalry_n say_v that_o the_o horse_n of_o the_o party_n dead_a go_v not_o to_o the_o elder_a son_n ut_fw-la cetera_fw-la but_o to_o the_o most_o valiant_a man_n among_o they_o of_o that_o lineage_n which_o word_v ut_fw-la cetera_fw-la do_v plain_o intimate_v that_o other_o matter_n of_o profit_n pass_v to_o the_o elder_a son_n in_o point_n of_o descent_n nor_o can_v i_o conceive_v how_o man_n shall_v be_v induce_v to_o conceit_n that_o the_o custom_n of_o gavelkind_n be_v the_o ancient_a general_a custom_n of_o the_o german_n it_o be_v true_a the_o word_n of_o the_o same_o historian_n have_v mislead_v some_o the_o word_n be_v haeredes_fw-la tamen_fw-la &_o successores_fw-la cuique_fw-la liberi_fw-la these_o take_v collective_o i_o grant_v may_v import_v somewhat_o tend_v that_o way_n but_o they_o may_v as_o proper_o be_v take_v disjunctive_o that_o the_o child_n inherit_v by_o course_n and_o if_o none_o such_o be_v than_o the_o brother_n if_o they_o fail_v than_o uncle_n and_o it_o be_v not_o only_o evident_a that_o in_o the_o public_a succession_n to_o the_o crown_n they_o have_v a_o eye_n this_o way_n but_o in_o the_o descent_n of_o private_a and_o particular_a estate_n as_o by_o many_o instance_n out_o of_o those_o old_a history_n may_v appear_v and_o have_v any_o other_o custom_n be_v general_a alfred_n rule_n by_o moses_n law_n have_v never_o succeed_v nor_o can_v that_o other_o custom_n hold_v out_o against_o the_o constant_a desire_n of_o the_o saxon_n to_o perpetuate_v their_o family_n in_o greatness_n and_o honour_n all_o which_o beside_o the_o express_a law_n set_v forth_o in_o the_o code_o be_v in_o my_o conceit_n sufficient_a to_o induce_v a_o historical_a faith_n that_o the_o general_a course_n of_o descent_n be_v to_o the_o elder_a son_n and_o not_o to_o all_o joint_o nevertheless_o out_o of_o this_o estate_n of_o inheritance_n divers_a particular_a estate_n be_v create_v as_o well_o by_o common_a custom_n as_o by_o the_o especial_a act_n of_o the_o owner_n of_o such_o a_o estate_n such_o of_o they_o as_o be_v wrought_v by_o custom_n be_v occasion_v from_o marriage_n whereby_o if_o the_o man_n be_v settle_v of_o such_o estate_n
of_o the_o like_a nature_n in_o history_n may_v appear_v the_o conveyance_n former_o mention_v concern_v land_n and_o good_n good_n but_o if_o no_o such_o disposal_n of_o good_n be_v the_o ancient_a german_a custom_n carry_v they_o after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o ancestor_n promiscuous_o or_o rather_o in_o common_a to_o all_o the_o child_n but_o in_o succeed_a time_n the_o one_o half_a by_o the_o law_n of_o edmond_n pass_v to_o the_o relict_n of_o the_o party_n decease_v by_o force_n of_o contract_n rather_o than_o course_n of_o descent_n after_o he_o edward_n the_o confessor_n recollect_v the_o law_n declare_v that_o in_o case_n any_o one_o die_v intestate_a the_o child_n shall_v equal_o divide_v the_o good_n which_o i_o take_v to_o be_v understand_v with_o a_o salvo_fw-la of_o the_o wife_n dower_n or_o portion_n as_o yet_o therefore_o the_o ordinary_n have_v nothing_o to_o do_v with_o the_o administration_n for_o good_n pass_v by_o descent_n as_o well_o as_o land_n and_o upon_o this_o custom_n the_o writ_n de_fw-fr rationabili_fw-la parte_fw-la bonorum_fw-la be_v ground_v at_o the_o common-law_n as_o well_o for_o the_o child_n as_o the_o wife_n part_n 122._o according_a as_o by_o the_o body_n of_o the_o writ_n may_v appear_v chap._n xlii_o of_o time_n of_o law_n and_o vacancy_n such_o like_a as_o have_v be_v show_v be_v the_o course_n of_o government_n in_o those_o dark_a time_n nor_o do_v the_o fundamental_o alter_v either_o by_o the_o diversity_n and_o mixture_n of_o people_n of_o several_a nation_n in_o the_o first_o entrance_n nor_o from_o the_o dane_n or_o norman_n in_o their_o survenue_n not_o only_o because_o in_o their_o original_n they_o all_o breathe_v one_o air_n of_o the_o law_n and_o government_n of_o greece_n but_o also_o they_o be_v no_o other_o than_o common_a dictate_v of_o nature_n refine_v by_o wise_a man_n which_o challenge_v a_o kind_n of_o awe_n in_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o most_o barbarous_a i_o have_v almost_o forget_v one_o circumstance_n which_o tend_v much_o to_o the_o honour_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n that_o be_v their_o speedy_a execution_n of_o justice_n for_o they_o admit_v no_o delay_n till_o upon_o experience_n they_o find_v that_o by_o stay_v a_o little_a long_o they_o have_v do_v the_o soon_o and_o this_o bring_v forth_o particular_a time_n of_o exemption_n 16._o as_o that_o of_o infancy_n and_o child-bearing_a in_o case_n of_o answer_v to_o criminal_a accusation_n 518._o but_o more_o especial_o in_o case_n of_o regard_n of_o holiness_n of_o the_o time_n as_o that_o of_o the_o lord_n day_n saint_n day_n fast_n ember_n day_n for_o even_o those_o day_n be_v have_v in_o much_o honour_n nor_o only_a day_n but_o season_n as_o from_o advent_v to_o the_o octave_n of_o epiphany_n from_o septuagesima_fw-la till_o fifteen_o day_n after_o easter_n or_o as_o by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o confessor_n till_o eight_o day_n after_o easter_n and_o from_o ascension_n to_o the_o eight_o day_n after_o pentecost_n and_o though_o as_o king_n and_o time_n do_v change_v so_o these_o season_n may_v be_v diverse_o cut_v out_o as_o the_o law_n of_o alfred_n aethelstan_n aetheldred_n edgar_n canutus_n and_o edward_n do_v manifest_a yet_o all_o agree_v in_o the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n and_o that_o some_o be_v more_o fit_a for_o holy_a observation_n than_o other_o and_o thus_o by_o the_o devotion_n of_o prince_n and_o power_n of_o the_o clergy_n the_o four_o term_n of_o the_o year_n be_v cut_v out_o for_o course_n of_o law_n in_o the_o king_n court_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o year_n be_v leave_v vacant_a for_o the_o exercise_n and_o maintenance_n of_o husbandry_n and_o particular_a calling_n and_o employment_n save_v that_o even_o in_o those_o time_n the_o court_n of_o the_o county_n and_o hundred_o hold_v their_o ancient_a and_o constant_a course_n sect._n last_o of_o all_o and_o as_o a_o bind_a law_n unto_o all_o it_o be_v provide_v that_o false_a judge_n shall_v give_v satisfaction_n to_o the_o party_n wrong_v by_o they_o and_o as_o the_o case_n require_v to_o forfeit_v the_o residue_n to_o the_o king_n to_o be_v disable_v for_o ever_o for_o place_n of_o judicature_n and_o their_o life_n leave_v to_o the_o king_n mercy_n chap._n xliii_o the_o end_n of_o the_o saxon_a government_n and_o this_o far_o of_o the_o joint_n of_o the_o saxon_a government_n in_o their_o person_n precinct_n court_n cause_n and_o law_n wherein_o as_o the_o distance_n will_v permit_v and_o according_a to_o my_o capacity_n i_o have_v endeavour_v to_o refresh_v the_o image_n of_o the_o saxon_a commonwealth_n the_o more_o curious_a lineament_n be_v now_o disfigure_v by_o time_n afar_o off_o it_o seem_v a_o monarchy_n but_o in_o approach_n discover_v more_o of_o a_o democracy_n and_o if_o the_o temper_n of_o a_o body_n may_v appear_v by_o the_o prevail_a humour_n towards_o age_n that_o government_n do_v still_o appear_v more_o prevalent_a in_o all_o assault_n both_o of_o time_n and_o change_n the_o first_o great_a change_n it_o feel_v be_v from_o the_o dane_n that_o storm_v they_o and_o show_v therein_o much_o of_o the_o wrath_n both_o of_o god_n and_o man._n and_o yet_o they_o trench_v not_o upon_o the_o fundamental_a law_n of_o the_o people_n liberty_n the_o worst_a effect_n be_v upon_o the_o church_n in_o the_o decay_n of_o the_o power_n of_o religion_n and_o the_o worship_n of_o god._n for_o after_o much_o toil_n and_o loss_n both_o of_o sweat_n and_o blood_n the_o dane_n find_v that_o little_a be_v to_o be_v get_v by_o blow_n but_o blow_n and_o that_o the_o clergy_n at_o the_o least_o be_v the_o side-wind_n in_o the_o course_n of_o all_o affair_n lay_v aside_o their_o paganism_n and_o join_v with_o the_o clergy_n and_o as_o their_o convert_v and_o pupil_n gain_v not_o only_o their_o quiet_a residence_n but_o by_o the_o favour_n of_o the_o clergy_n to_o make_v trial_n of_o the_o throne_n and_o therein_o serve_v the_o clergy_n so_o well_o as_o they_o bring_v the_o people_n to_o a_o perfect_a idolatry_n with_o time_n place_n and_o person_n and_o subjection_n of_o their_o estate_n to_o church-tribute_n and_o as_o at_o tennis_n the_o dane_n and_o bishop_n serve_v each_o other_o with_o the_o fond_a countryman_n that_o whether_o lord_n dane_n or_o lord-bishop_n be_v the_o great_a burden_n be_v hard_o to_o be_v determine_v thus_o become_v ambitious_a prelacy_n in_o its_o full_a glory_n and_o the_o poor_a church_n of_o christ_n cloud_v in_o darkness_n and_o little_o hold_v leave_v for_o recovery_n but_o only_o by_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o saxon_a freeman_n which_o the_o dane_n can_v never_o conquer_v not_o for_o want_v of_o will_n or_o power_n but_o of_o time_n and_o occasion_n for_o the_o crown_n return_v to_o the_o saxon-line_n again_o after_o the_o half_a age_n of_o one_o man_n although_o it_o be_v wear_v by_o three_o so_o god_n will_v have_v it_o nor_o do_v any_o monument_n of_o the_o danish_a government_n remain_v save_v a_o few_o custom_n in_o some_o place_n which_o show_n rather_o that_o the_o dane_n be_v here_o than_o that_o they_o rule_v here_o to_o sum_v up_o all_o the_o saxon_a commonwealth_n be_v a_o build_n of_o great_a strength_n downward_o even_o to_o the_o foundation_n arch_v together_o both_o for_o peace_n and_o war._n that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o decenner_n wherein_o justice_n be_v the_o bond_n their_o army_n be_v gather_v not_o by_o promiscuous_a flock_v of_o people_n but_o by_o orderly_a concurrence_n of_o family_n kindred_n and_o decenner_n tacitus_n all_o choose_v their_o own_o leader_n and_o so_o honour_n love_n and_o trust_v conspire_v together_o to_o leave_v no_o man_n life_n in_o danger_n nor_o death_n unrevenged_a it_o be_v a_o beautiful_a composure_n mutual_o dependent_a in_o every_o part_n from_o the_o crown_n to_o the_o clown_n the_o magistrate_n be_v all_o choice_a man_n and_o the_o king_n the_o choice_a of_o the_o choose_a election_n be_v the_o birth_n of_o esteem_n and_o that_o of_o merit_n this_o breed_v love_n and_o mutual_a trust_n which_o make_v they_o as_o corner-stone_n point_v forward_o to_o break_v the_o wave_n of_o danger_n nor_o be_v other_o reward_n expect_v by_o the_o great_a man_n but_o honour_n and_o admiration_n which_o common_o bring_v a_o return_n of_o act_n of_o renown_n last_o it_o be_v a_o regular_a frame_n in_o every_o part_n square_v and_o make_v even_o by_o law_n which_o in_o the_o people_n rule_v as_o lex_fw-la loquens_fw-la and_o in_o the_o magistrate_n as_o lex_fw-la intelligens_fw-la all_o of_o they_o be_v ground_v on_o the_o wisdom_n of_o the_o greek_n and_o judicial_n of_o moses_n thus_o the_o saxon_n become_v somewhat_o like_o the_o jew_n distinct_a from_o all_o other_o people_n their_o law_n honourable_a for_o the_o king_n easy_a for_o the_o subject_a and_o their_o government_n above_o all_o other_o like_v unto_o that_o of_o christ_n kingdom_n who_o
the_o diocese_n of_o lincoln_n into_o two_o diocese_n by_o advice_n of_o the_o bishop_n prince_n and_o other_o wise_a and_o holy_a man_n and_o turn_v the_o abbey_n of_o ely_n into_o a_o bishop_n see._n but_o it_o be_v their_o wisdom_n to_o preserve_v the_o ancient_a landmark_n 6._o and_o no_o less_o both_o wisdom_n and_o care_n to_o continue_v their_o due_a privilege_n and_o interest_n to_o each_o every_o county_n have_v its_o court_n and_o every_o court_n its_o wont_a jurisdiction_n no_o complaint_n must_v be_v to_o the_o king_n court_n 42._o if_o right_o may_v be_v do_v in_o the_o county_n no_o distress_n must_v be_v take_v but_o by_o warrant_n from_o the_o county_n 64._o and_o that_o must_v be_v after_o complaint_n thrice_o make_v the_o county-court_n must_v be_v call_v as_o our_o ancestor_n have_v appoint_v such_o as_o will_v not_o come_v as_o they_o ought_v shall_v be_v first_o summon_v and_o in_o case_n of_o default_n distrain_v at_o the_o four_o default_n the_o complainant_n shall_v be_v satisfy_v out_o of_o the_o distress_n so_o take_v and_o the_o king_n also_o for_o his_o fine_a these_o be_v the_o express_a law_n of_o the_o conquerour_n own_o establishment_n 64._o the_o last_o of_o which_o also_o hen._n 1._o confirm_v by_o another_o express_a law_n save_v that_o he_o will_v allow_v but_o of_o two_o summons_n and_o two_o distress_n before_o execution_n and_o as_o it_o be_v one_o principal_a work_n that_o he_o undertake_v to_o reduce_v the_o law_n into_o course_n which_o have_v be_v intermit_v during_o the_o violent_a time_n of_o his_o father_n and_o brother_n the_o first_o of_o who_o never_o have_v liberty_n for_o reformation_n and_o the_o latter_a never_o have_v will_n so_o among_o other_o law_n he_o settle_v those_o concern_v the_o county-court_n namely_o 7._o 1._o that_o the_o bishop_n earls_z and_o chief_a man_n shall_v be_v present_a for_o direction_n 2._o that_o it_o shall_v be_v hold_v once_o each_o month_n 3._o that_o the_o church-matter_n shall_v precede_v and_o then_o the_o crown-plea_n and_o last_o the_o common-plea_n beside_o some_o other_o particular_n concern_v plead_v and_o proceed_n in_o the_o handle_n of_o cause_n neither_o be_v these_o cause_n of_o a_o petty_a regard_n only_o but_o of_o great_a concernment_n one_o example_n i_o shall_v remind_v the_o reader_n of_o and_o not_o recite_v in_o terminis_fw-la but_o refer_v to_o mr._n selden_n own_a pen._n the_o occasion_n be_v this_o odo_n the_o conquerour_n half_a brother_n 19â—_n be_v by_o he_o make_v earl_n of_o kent_n and_o therewith_o have_v the_o gift_n of_o a_o large_a territory_n in_o kent_n and_o take_v advantage_n of_o the_o king_n displeasure_n at_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n stigand_n possess_v himself_o by_o disseism_n of_o divers_a land_n and_o tenement_n belong_v to_o that_o see._n lanfrank_a the_o succeed_a archbishop_n be_v inform_v hereof_o petition_v to_o the_o king_n that_o justice_n may_v be_v do_v he_o secundum_fw-la legem_fw-la terrae_fw-la and_o the_o king_n send_v forth_o his_o writ_n to_o summon_v a_o county-court_n the_o debate_n last_v three_o day_n before_o the_o free_a man_n of_o the_o county_n of_o kent_n in_o the_o presence_n of_o many_o chief_a man_n bishop_n and_o lord_n and_o other_o skilful_a in_o the_o law_n and_o the_o judgement_n pass_v for_o the_o archbishop_n lanfrank_n upon_o the_o vote_n of_o the_o free_a man_n this_o county-court_n be_v hold_v by_o special_a summons_n and_o not_o by_o adjournment_n as_o be_v allowable_a by_o the_o saxon_a law_n upon_o special_a occasion_n and_o this_o suit_n be_v original_o begin_v and_o have_v its_o final_a determination_n in_o the_o county-court_n and_o not_o bring_v by_o a_o tolt_n out_o of_o the_o hundred-court_n as_o be_v suppose_v by_o a_o honourable_a reporter_n nor_o by_o the_o ancient_a law_n can_v the_o suit_n commence_v in_o the_o hundred_o because_o the_o land_n and_o tenement_n do_v lie_v in_o several_a hundred_o and_o counties_n the_o upshot_n of_o all_o be_v that_o the_o county-courts_a in_o those_o day_n be_v of_o so_o great_a esteem_n that_o two_o of_o the_o great_a peer_n of_o the_o realm_n one_o a_o norman_a the_o other_o a_o italian_a do_v cast_v a_o title_n in_o fifteen_o manor_n two_o township_n with_o many_o liberty_n upon_o the_o vote_n of_o the_o freeholders_n in_o a_o county-court_n and_o that_o the_o sentence_n be_v allow_v and_o commend_v by_o the_o king_n and_o submit_v to_o by_o all_o in_o the_o next_o place_n we_o be_v to_o come_v to_o the_o hundred-courts_a hundred-court_n of_o which_o there_o be_v by_o the_o norman_n allow_v two_o sort_n the_o first_o whereof_o be_v hold_v twice_o a_o year_n this_o be_v former_o call_v the_o tear_v and_o be_v the_o sheriff_n court_n hereof_o little_a notice_n be_v take_v â—â—_o save_v that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o its_o work_n seem_v to_o be_v much_o design_v to_o the_o view_n of_o free_a pledge_n but_o the_o more_o ordinary_a court_n be_v that_o which_o belong_v to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o hundred_o unto_o who_o also_o belong_v the_o fine_n in_o case_n there_o concern_v 41._o this_o court_n be_v to_o be_v hold_v once_o in_o each_o month_n and_o no_o suit_n to_o be_v begin_v in_o the_o king_n court_n 7._o that_o regular_o aught_o to_o begin_v in_o the_o hundred_o 41._o no_o distringas_fw-la shall_v issue_v forth_o till_o three_o demand_n make_v in_o the_o hundred_o and_o three_o distress_n shall_v then_o issue_v forth_o and_o if_o upon_o the_o four_o the_o party_n appear_v not_o 42._o execution_n shall_v be_v by_o sale_n of_o the_o distress_n 64._o and_o the_o complainant_n shall_v receive_v satisfaction_n but_o by_o the_o latter_a law_n of_o the_o same_o king_n there_o be_v but_o two_o summons_n allow_v and_o then_o two_o distress_n and_o in_o case_n no_o appearance_n be_v execution_n shall_v be_v for_o the_o complainant_n and_o for_o the_o king_n be_v fine_a last_o as_o the_o case_n concern_v either_o person_n or_o place_n â—_o sometime_o they_o use_v to_o join_v several_a hundred_o together_o into_o one_o court_n but_o this_o be_v by_o special_a commission_n or_o writ_n as_o touch_v inferior_a court_n of_o town_n and_o manor_n there_o be_v little_a observation_n to_o be_v have_v manor_n be_v of_o too_o private_a a_o regard_n to_o come_v into_o fame_n in_o those_o rough_a time_n yet_o in_o hen._n the_o first_o be_v law_n it_o be_v order_v that_o town-courts_a shall_v meet_v every_o month_n 7._o and_o that_o lord_n shall_v hold_v plea_n either_o in_o their_o own_o person_n or_o by_o their_o steward_n and_o that_o the_o chief_a man_n in_o the_o parish_n with_o four_o other_o of_o the_o chief_a sort_n and_o the_o minister_n or_o parish-priest_n shall_v join_v their_o assistance_n in_o that_o work_n but_o in_o nothing_o more_o do_v the_o norman_a king_n show_v their_o paternal_a love_n to_o the_o commonwealth_n than_o in_o the_o law_n of_o pledge_n or_o decenner_n for_o as_o of_o all_o other_o beauty_n decenner_n this_o suffer_v most_o blemish_n from_o the_o storm_n of_o the_o norman_a invasion_n so_o be_v it_o their_o especial_a care_n to_o renew_v the_o life_n thereof_o not_o now_o among_o the_o native_n only_o but_o join_v the_o norman_n to_o the_o saxon_n in_o the_o same_o bond_n of_o brotherhood_n utter_o drown_v thereby_o all_o memory_n of_o lordly_a power_n and_o so_o of_o divers_a people_n make_v one_o conquer_v even_o conquest_n itself_o if_o any_o be_v and_o make_v all_o joynt-partner_n in_o one_o common_a liberty_n every_o freeman_n must_v be_v under_o pledge_n to_o satisfy_v justice_n 64._o in_o case_n of_o delinquency_n over_o every_o nine_o person_n under_o pledge_n 8._o there_o must_v be_v one_o man_n in_o authority_n view_v of_o free_a pledge_n must_v be_v to_o see_v that_o the_o decennary_n be_v full_a and_o if_o any_o be_v depart_v to_o inquire_v the_o cause_n and_o if_o any_o be_v come_v in_o whether_o he_o be_v under_o pledge_n or_o not_o and_o thus_o the_o norman_a king_n have_v their_o people_n under_o treble_a guard_n one_o of_o fealty_n the_o other_o of_o association_n and_o the_o three_o that_o of_o pledge_n and_o all_o little_a enough_o to_o secure_v that_o which_o they_o in_o their_o own_o conscience_n may_v have_v some_o cause_n to_o question_v whether_o it_o belong_v to_o they_o or_o not_o chap._n xlix_o of_o the_o immunity_n of_o the_o saxon_a freeman_n under_o the_o norman_a government_n the_o freedom_n of_o a_o englishman_n consist_v in_o three_o particular_n first_o in_o ownership_n of_o what_o he_o have_v second_o in_o vote_v any_o law_n whereby_o that_o ownership_n be_v to_o be_v maintain_v and_o three_o in_o have_v a_o influence_n upon_o that_o judicatory_a power_n that_o must_v apply_v that_o law._n now_o that_o the_o english_a under_o the_o norman_n enjoy_v all_o this_o freedom_n unto_o each_o man_n be_v own_o particular_a beside_o what_o
marry_v at_o their_o own_o will_n without_o pay_v fine_a or_o composition_n to_o the_o lord_n and_o yet_o must_v have_v the_o like_n of_o the_o lord_n so_o far_o as_o to_o declare_v whether_o the_o man_n intend_v be_v his_o enemy_n or_o not_o and_o fit_a to_o perform_v knight-service_n this_o law_n be_v therefore_o ground_v upon_o the_o present_a distress_n of_o affair_n wherein_o the_o nation_n be_v unsettle_a and_o common_a right_a have_v establish_v a_o mutual_a trust_n between_o lord_n and_o tenant_n find_v out_o this_o mean_n to_o preserve_v the_o same_o for_o if_o the_o marriage_n of_o those_o that_o be_v relate_v to_o the_o tenant_n in_o such_o manner_n as_o may_v inherit_v part_n of_o all_o his_o land_n or_o have_v jointure_n therein_o shall_v be_v leave_v altogether_o at_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o tenant_n or_o his_o widow_n it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o the_o mutual_a trust_n between_o lord_n and_o tenant_n must_v fail_v and_o the_o public_a receive_v damage_n and_o therefore_o if_o this_o custom_n be_v of_o norman_a birth_n it_o be_v beget_v upon_o a_o saxon_a law_n and_o may_v the_o rather_o be_v own_v by_o the_o english._n the_o widow_n of_o the_o king_n tenant_n have_v child_n shall_v have_v her_o dower_n and_o portion_n so_o long_o as_o she_o keep_v unmarried_a dower_n the_o portion_n here_o be_v in_o the_o latin_a word_n maritagium_fw-la which_o i_o take_v to_o be_v the_o marriage_n portion_n give_v by_o the_o husband_n according_a to_o the_o saxon_a custom_n whenas_o the_o dower_n in_o land_n be_v not_o in_o use_n whereof_o be_v speak_v former_o in_o that_o chapter_n of_o dower_n and_o the_o norman_n be_v necessitate_v to_o introduce_v this_o custom_n of_o they_o with_o themselves_o partly_o because_o it_o be_v a_o privilege_n which_o be_v their_o own_o by_o birth_n and_o it_o can_v not_o be_v wave_v without_o a_o evident_a wrong_n do_v to_o the_o wife_n of_o these_o man_n who_o have_v venture_v their_o life_n in_o that_o service_n but_o principal_o because_o it_o will_v not_o consist_v with_o the_o work_n in_o hand_n to_o disclaim_v that_o custom_n which_o must_v needs_o be_v of_o infinite_a consequence_n in_o the_o effect_n of_o what_o be_v principal_o seek_v after_o viz._n the_o union_n of_o the_o two_o people_n norman_n and_o saxon_n into_o one_o i_o say_v it_o be_v principal_o seek_v after_o by_o the_o norman_a conqueror_n if_o not_o lead_v thereto_o by_o his_o own_o genius_n yet_o necessitate_v thereto_o by_o force_n of_o reason_n of_o state_n as_o shall_v appear_v hereafter_o and_o what_o can_v be_v imagine_v a_o more_o ready_a way_n to_o stay_v the_o effusion_n of_o blood_n and_o all_o other_o unhappy_a event_n of_o enmity_n than_o by_o take_v away_o enmity_n itself_o or_o a_o more_o speedy_a and_o certain_a course_n for_o union_n than_o to_o reduce_v the_o man_n and_o woman_n of_o each_o people_n to_o mutual_a society_n and_o to_o seal_v up_o all_o by_o a_o last_a bond_n of_o marriage_n or_o great_a encouragement_n for_o the_o comfortable_a proceed_n therein_o than_o the_o settle_n of_o the_o constant_a maintenance_n of_o the_o wife_n in_o case_n of_o survivorship_n by_o the_o law_n of_o dower_n of_o the_o land_n and_o tenement_n of_o the_o husband_n edm._n which_o be_v so_o full_a of_o contingency_n and_o uncertainty_n in_o the_o portion_n of_o good_n that_o be_v by_o the_o saxon_a law_n appoint_v to_o the_o wife_n in_o such_o case_n nor_o be_v this_o all_o for_o by_o marriage_n thus_o make_v to_o the_o norman_n they_o have_v a_o great_a hold_n not_o so_o much_o over_o the_o english_a as_o in_o the_o english_a and_o that_o not_o only_o during_o coverture_n but_o by_o reason_n of_o this_o title_n of_o dower_n the_o woman_n become_v tenant_n and_o under_o the_o lord_n wing_n so_o as_o they_o dare_v not_o willing_o and_o illegal_o offend_v their_o lord_n in_o their_o widowhood_n nor_o by_o law_n nor_o reason_n match_v themselves_o and_o their_o dowry_n to_o any_o other_o that_o be_v not_o first_o allow_v by_o the_o lord_n to_o be_v in_o friendship_n with_o he_o and_o thus_o become_v the_o tenant_n widow_n to_o be_v at_o the_o like_n of_o the_o lord_n for_o their_o marriage_n and_o the_o like_a hereto_o may_v be_v say_v concern_v the_o husband_n in_o case_n of_o tenant_n by_o the_o courtesy_n 20._o and_o however_o by_o the_o norman_a former_a practice_n it_o be_v much_o disturb_v yet_o by_o henry_n the_o first_o it_o be_v again_o reduce_v to_o its_o former_a right_n rather_o than_o original_n arise_v from_o his_o grant_n as_o some_o hold_n and_o prove_v advantageous_a for_o the_o end_n aforesaid_a now_o as_o touch_v their_o marriage-portion_n of_o good_n because_o the_o saxon_a law_n have_v already_o endow_v they_o thereof_o they_o can_v not_o be_v induce_v to_o lay_v down_o their_o know_a ancient_a right_n till_o they_o find_v the_o new_a law_n of_o dower_n to_o settle_v and_o so_o for_o some_o time_n both_o law_n be_v in_o force_n until_o the_o more_o ancient_a saxon_a law_n have_v a_o honourable_a burial_n nevertheless_o for_o the_o present_a the_o law_n abridge_v that_o right_a so_o far_o as_o to_o limit_v it_o to_o the_o widow_n during_o widowhood_n according_a to_o the_o former_a saxon-law_n upon_o consideration_n of_o all_o which_o it_o may_v well_o be_v conceive_v that_o the_o power_n of_o the_o lord_n in_o consent_v or_o dissent_v to_o the_o marriage_n of_o their_o tenant_n widow_n and_o ward_n be_v not_o so_o much_o a_o usurpation_n upon_o the_o common_a right_n of_o the_o english_a subject_n as_o a_o custom_n rational_o and_o with_o great_a wisdom_n as_o the_o course_n of_o affair_n than_o stand_v uphold_v and_o allow_v among_o they_o principal_o for_o the_o speedy_a settle_n of_o a_o peaceable_a government_n and_o consolidate_v of_o two_o nation_n into_o one_o and_o wherein_o england_n be_v then_o so_o happy_a as_o to_o come_v to_o a_o conclusion_n in_o seven_o year_n which_o cost_v their_o ancestor_n night_n two_o hundred_o year_n experience_n with_o the_o britain_n beside_o a_o world_n of_o bloodshed_n that_o may_v have_v be_v spare_v ere_o they_o can_v find_v out_o the_o right_a way_n to_o a_o desire_a peace_n by_o mutual_a marriage_n have_v between_o they_o such_o widow_n shall_v have_v the_o custody_n of_o the_o land_n of_o such_o child_n 4._o or_o otherwise_o such_o other_o person_n as_o by_o right_a aught_o to_o have_v the_o same_o this_o be_v the_o first_o news_n of_o wardship_n that_o pass_v abroad_o cum_fw-la privilegio_fw-la of_o a_o receive_a law_n wardship_n which_o together_o with_o the_o former_a declare_v the_o right_a custom_n of_o the_o norman_n and_o thereby_o the_o injustas_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la quibus_fw-la anglioe_fw-la regnum_fw-la opprimebatur_fw-la paris_n viz._n arbitrary_a relief_n take_v of_o the_o tenant_n estate_n arbitrary_a marriage_n make_v of_o their_o peerson_n and_o arbitrary_a grant_n of_o guardianship_n of_o their_o land_n for_o as_o yet_o oppression_n be_v not_o so_o high-flown_a as_o to_o cast_v the_o government_n of_o the_o person_n of_o their_o ward_n out_o of_o the_o view_n of_o the_o lord_n provisionary_a care_n upon_o adventure_n of_o the_o next_o in_o law_n whether_o man_n or_o woman_n wise_a or_o unwise_a under_o pretence_n to_o train_v he_o up_o in_o military_a service_n fit_a for_o the_o lord_n be_v own_o safety_n and_o the_o kingdom_n lifeguard_n but_o it_o be_v the_o proper_a ground_n of_o the_o lord_n be_v own_o seizure_n and_o right_n of_o wardship_n he_o be_v look_v upon_o by_o the_o eye_n of_o common_a reason_n as_o the_o only_a meet_a man_n that_o both_o can_v and_o will_v effect_v that_o work_n so_o as_o may_v be_v most_o advantageous_a to_o the_o public_a which_o seem_v to_o be_v chief_o concern_v herein_o and_o upon_o the_o same_o general_a ground_n the_o survey_n of_o fool_n accompany_v the_o former_a albeit_o it_o be_v not_o in_o practice_n till_o henry_n the_o first_o bring_v it_o in_o 37._o as_o the_o mirror_n of_o justice_n say_v fol._n 258._o yet_o it_o come_v upon_o a_o ancient_a foundation_n lay_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o dane_n for_o my_o own_o part_n i_o will_v not_o dispute_v the_o point_n whether_o this_o custom_n of_o wardship_n be_v pure_o norman_n or_o whether_o it_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o saxon_n ancient_o who_o possible_o may_v have_v some_o respect_n to_o orphan_n in_o such_o case_n to_o train_v they_o up_o for_o the_o public_a service_n in_o point_n of_o war_n especial_o be_v possessor_n of_o a_o know_a right_n of_o relief_n meneu._n as_o well_o as_o alfred_n the_o saxon_a king_n do_v undertake_v the_o work_n for_o the_o train_n of_o some_o such_o particular_a person_n in_o learning_n for_o the_o service_n of_o the_o public_a in_o time_n of_o peace_n and_o civil_a government_n yet_o thus_o much_o appear_v that_o guardianship_n of_o land_n be_v a_o know_a custom_n
enough_o to_o make_v and_o maintain_v a_o right_a and_o that_o it_o by_o law_n be_v a_o right_n belong_v to_o some_o person_n before_o other_o and_o that_o this_o have_v be_v a_o custom_n before_o the_o former_a unjust_a custom_n creep_v into_o the_o government_n of_o the_o conqueror_n and_o principal_o of_o his_o son_n rufus_n and_o though_o it_o be_v questionable_a whether_o it_o settle_v first_o upon_o the_o norman_n or_o the_o english_a yet_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o if_o one_o people_n have_v it_o the_o other_o people_n now_o come_v into_o union_n with_o that_o people_n can_v not_o in_o reason_n except_o against_o that_o custom_n which_o the_o other_o people_n have_v take_v up_o upon_o so_o honourable_a ground_n as_o reason_n of_o state_n which_o as_o the_o time_n than_o be_v be_v evident_a and_o superlative_a especial_o the_o custom_n be_v under_o the_o regulate_v of_o law_n and_o not_o of_o any_o arbitrary_a power_n and_o can_v be_v no_o precedent_n of_o relief_n marriage_n and_o wardship_n that_o after-age_n usurp_v tenant_n in_o knight-service_n shall_v hold_v their_o land_n 5._o etc._n etc._n acquit_v of_o all_o tax_n that_o they_o may_v be_v more_o able_a to_o provide_v arm_n and_o be_v more_o ready_a and_o fit_a for_o the_o king_n service_n and_o defence_n of_o the_o kingdom_n acquittal_n this_o law_n whether_o it_o be_v a_o renew_n of_o a_o former_a custom_n or_o a_o introduction_n of_o a_o new_a law_n it_o be_v clear_v it_o be_v upon_o a_o old_a ground_n that_o tenant_n by_o knight-service_n must_v be_v ready_a for_o the_o service_n of_o their_o lord_n and_o defence_n of_o the_o kingdom_n whereof_o afterward_o but_o the_o law_n be_v that_o these_o man_n shall_v hold_v their_o land_n of_o that_o tenure_n acquit_v of_o all_o tax_n though_o legal_o impose_v upon_o the_o body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o must_v be_v conceive_v to_o be_v for_o the_o public_a benefit_n viz._n either_o for_o the_o preparation_n or_o maintenance_n of_o public_a war_n for_o in_o such_o case_n it_o have_v be_v in_o all_o time_n hold_v unreasonable_a that_o those_o who_o person_n be_v employ_v to_o serve_v in_o the_o war_n shall_v hold_v land_n double_o charge_v to_o the_o same_o service_n viz._n to_o the_o defray_n of_o their_o own_o private_a expense_n in_o the_o war_n and_o maintenance_n of_o the_o public_a charge_n of_o the_o same_o war_n beside_o chap._n liii_o of_o divers_a law_n make_v concern_v the_o execution_n of_o justice_n although_o in_o proceed_n in_o case_n of_o vindicative_a justice_n delinquent_n may_v seem_v to_o be_v leave_v rather_o to_o the_o fury_n than_o mercy_n of_o the_o law_n yet_o so_o long_o as_o man_n be_v under_o the_o law_n and_o not_o without_o the_o law_n it_o have_v be_v always_o hold_v a_o part_n of_o justice_n to_o extend_v what_o moderation_n may_v possible_o stand_v with_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o law_n and_o that_o otherwise_o a_o overrigid_a and_o fierce_a prosecution_n of_o the_o guilty_a be_v no_o less_o tyranny_n than_o the_o prosecution_n of_o the_o not-guilty_a and_o although_o violence_n be_v the_o proper_a vice_n of_o these_o time_n yet_o this_o point_n of_o honour_n must_v be_v give_v to_o the_o norman_n that_o their_o sword_n have_v eye_n and_o move_v not_o altogether_o by_o rage_n but_o by_o reason_n no_o sentence_n shall_v pass_v but_o upon_o averment_n of_o the_o complaint_n by_o accuser_n or_o witness_n produce_v 5._o fine_a and_o pledge_n shall_v be_v according_a to_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o offence_n by_o these_o two_o law_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o paris_n the_o subject_n be_v deliver_v from_o three_o great_a oppression_n first_o in_o make_v they_o offender_n without_o complaint_n or_o witness_n second_o in_o impose_v immoderate_a fine_n last_o in_o urge_v extraordinary_a bail._n forfeiture_n of_o felon_n land_n be_v reduce_v to_o a_o year_n and_o a_o day_n 261._o the_o norman_n have_v reduce_v the_o saxon_a law_n in_o this_o case_n unto_o their_o own_o last_o which_o stretch_v their_o desire_n as_o far_o as_o the_o estate_n will_v bear_v but_o this_o be_v so_o prejudicial_a to_o the_o immediate_a lord_n who_o be_v no_o offender_n in_o this_o case_n and_o so_o contrary_a to_o the_o saxon_a law_n it_o be_v both_o do_v and_o undo_v in_o a_o short_a space_n by_o the_o allowance_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o intent_n of_o criminal_a offence_n manifest_v by_o act_n punish_v by_o fine_a or_o mulct_n this_o by_o alfred_n law_n be_v punish_v by_o talioes_n law_n 254._o but_o now_o by_o a_o law_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o reduce_v to_o mulct_n mainperner_n be_v not_o to_o be_v punish_v as_o principal_n unless_o they_o be_v party_n or_o privy_n to_o the_o fail_v of_o the_o principal_a this_o law_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o repeal_v the_o former_a law_n of_o canutus_n 141._o which_o must_v be_v acknowledge_v to_o be_v rigorous_a although_o not_o altogether_o without_o reason_n no_o person_n shall_v be_v imprison_v for_o commit_v of_o a_o mortal_a crime_n unless_o first_o he_o be_v attain_v by_o verdict_n of_o twelve_o man_n by_o imprisonment_n 5._o be_v intend_v close_a imprisonment_n or_o imprisonment_n without_o bail_n or_o mainprize_n for_o otherwise_o it_o be_v apparent_a that_o as_o well_o by_o the_o saxon_a as_o norman_a law_n man_n be_v bring_v to_o trial_n by_o restraint_n appeal_v of_o murder_n restrain_v within_o the_o four_o degree_n before_o this_o law_n 7._o appeal_n be_v bring_v by_o any_o of_o the_o blood_n or_o kin_n of_o the_o party_n slay_v but_o now_o by_o henry_n the_o first_o restrain_v the_o ground_n seem_v to_o be_v for_o that_o affection_n that_o run_v with_o the_o blood_n grow_v so_o cold_a beyond_o the_o four_o degree_n that_o the_o death_n of_o the_o party_n be_v of_o so_o small_a account_n as_o it_o can_v scarce_o be_v repute_v a_o loss_n of_o such_o consequence_n to_o the_o party_n as_o to_o expose_v the_o life_n or_o price_n of_o the_o life_n of_o the_o manslayer_n unto_o the_o claim_n of_o such_o a_o one_o and_o thus_o the_o saxon_a law_n that_o give_v the_o satisfaction_n in_o such_o case_n to_o the_o whole_a kindred_n become_v limit_v to_o the_o four_o degree_n as_o i_o conceive_v from_o the_o ecclesiastical_a constitution_n concern_v marriage_n two_o thing_n more_o concern_v juridical_a proceed_n may_v be_v note_v the_o one_o concern_v speedy_a course_n of_o justice_n wherein_o they_o may_v seem_v to_o justify_v the_o saxon_a way_n but_o can_v never_o attain_v to_o their_o pace_n in_o regard_n they_o yield_v so_o much_o time_n to_o summons_n essoyn_n etc._n etc._n the_o other_o concern_v election_n of_o judge_n by_o the_o party_n for_o this_o we_o find_v in_o the_o law_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o chap._n liv._o of_o the_o militia_n during_o the_o norman_n time_n the_o power_n of_o militia_n be_v either_o the_o legislative_a or_o executory_a power_n the_o legislative_a power_n without_o contradiction_n rest_v in_o the_o grand_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o who_o it_o belong_v to_o establish_v law_n for_o the_o government_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o time_n of_o peace_n and_o this_o will_v appear_v in_o the_o preparation_n for_o war_n the_o levy_n of_o war_n and_o manage_v thereof_o after_o it_o be_v levy_v for_o the_o preparation_n it_o consist_v in_o levy_v man_n and_o munition_n or_o of_o money_n in_o all_o which_o questionless_a will_v be_v a_o difference_n between_o raise_v of_o war_n by_o a_o king_n to_o revenge_v a_o personal_a injury_n do_v to_o the_o king_n be_v own_o person_n and_o a_o war_n raise_v by_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n or_o representative_a body_n thereof_o which_o be_v common_o do_v in_o defence_n of_o public_a interest_n and_o seldom_o in_o any_o offensive_a way_n unless_o in_o recovery_n of_o a_o right_a possession_n either_o former_o lose_v or_o as_o yet_o not_o full_o settle_v now_o although_o it_o be_v true_a that_o seldom_o do_v injury_n reflect_v upon_o the_o king_n person_n alone_o but_o that_o the_o kingdom_n will_v be_v concern_v therein_o to_o endeavour_v a_o remedy_n yet_o because_o it_o may_v fall_v out_o otherwise_o and_o king_n have_v take_v occasion_n to_o levy_v war_n of_o their_o own_o accord_n in_o such_o case_n they_o can_v neither_o compel_v the_o person_n of_o their_o subject_n or_o their_o estate_n to_o be_v contributory_a and_o of_o this_o nature_n i_o take_v the_o war_n levy_v by_o harold_n against_o the_o conqueror_n to_o be_v wherein_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v never_o engage_v nor_o therefore_o do_v it_o feel_v the_o dint_n of_o the_o conquerour_n sword_n at_o all_o and_o in_o this_o case_n the_o militia_n must_v be_v allow_v to_o such_o as_o bear_v the_o purse_n nor_o can_v it_o be_v conclude_v to_o be_v the_o militia_n of_o the_o kingdom_n nor_o any_o part_n thereof_o although_o the_o kingdom_n may_v connive_v thereat_o but_o to_o
set_v this_o consideration_n aside_o as_o not_o co-incident_a at_o all_o with_o the_o norman_a engagement_n after_o they_o be_v crown_v and_o to_o take_v all_o the_o subsequent_a war_n to_o be_v mere_o defensive_a of_o the_o right_n of_o the_o crown_n as_o in_o sober_a construction_n they_o will_v appear_v to_o be_v as_o touch_v the_o levy_n of_o money_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o it_o lay_v only_o in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o grand_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o otherwise_o the_o law_n be_v settle_v that_o no_o tax_n shall_v be_v make_v or_o take_v but_o such_o as_o be_v due_a in_o the_o confessor_n time_n as_o former_o have_v be_v show_v second_o for_o the_o prepare_n of_o man_n and_o munition_n it_o be_v do_v either_o by_o tenure_n or_o by_o special_a law._n as_o touch_v tenure_n it_o be_v provide_v by_o way_n of_o contract_n that_o those_o that_o hold_v by_o knight-service_n shall_v be_v ready_a with_o their_o arm_n to_o assist_v the_o king_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o realm_n so_o as_o they_o be_v not_o bind_v by_o their_o tenure_n to_o aid_v he_o in_o any_o other_o case_n 57_o other_o be_v also_o by_o especial_a law_n of_o the_o land_n bind_v to_o be_v ready_a for_o their_o service_n in_o that_o kind_n for_o all_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o kingdom_n hold_v their_o estate_n under_o a_o general_a service_n which_o by_o common_a right_n they_o be_v bind_v to_o perform_v viz._n in_o time_n of_o danger_n to_o join_v in_o defence_n of_o their_o country_n 59_o this_o be_v the_o common_a fealty_n or_o allegiance_n which_o all_o man_n owe_v and_o which_o if_o neglect_v or_o refuse_v render_v the_o party_n guilty_a of_o treason_n against_o his_o country_n and_o his_o estate_n under_o the_o penalty_n of_o forfeiture_n according_a to_o the_o old_a saxon_a law_n revive_v and_o declare_v by_o henry_n the_o first_o 13._o thus_o the_o law_n make_v preparation_n for_o the_o war_n both_o of_o man_n and_o arms._n castle_n and_o fort_n be_v likewise_o either_o first_o make_v by_o the_o order_n of_o the_o grand_a council_n or_o otherwise_o allow_v by_o they_o for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o commons_o and_o the_o kingdom_n 61._o so_o be_v the_o law_n of_o william_n the_o first_o the_o levy_n and_o manage_n of_o the_o war_n must_v not_o be_v deny_v de_fw-la jure_fw-la to_o belong_v to_o the_o representative_a body_n so_o far_o as_o may_v consist_v with_o the_o directory_n part_n for_o that_o it_o be_v a_o main_a part_n of_o the_o government_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o time_n of_o war_n and_o therefore_o henry_n the_o first_o among_o his_o law_n make_v in_o the_o ordinary_a course_n of_o law-making_a provide_v for_o the_o order_n of_o man_n in_o the_o army_n in_o the_o field_n and_o establish_v a_o law_n that_o such_o as_o forsake_v their_o colour_n or_o associate_n in_o the_o field_n during_o the_o battle_n shall_v be_v punish_v with_o death_n and_o forfeiture_n of_o his_o whole_a estate_n nor_o yet_o can_v it_o be_v deny_v but_o that_o de_fw-fr facto_fw-la king_n of_o their_o own_o accord_n and_o by_o secret_a council_n do_v direct_v therein_o either_o in_o the_o vacancy_n of_o parliament_n which_o be_v the_o general_a case_n of_o the_o first_o time_n of_o the_o norman_a conqueror_n and_o the_o whole_a reign_n of_o william_n rufus_n or_o by_o connivance_n of_o the_o grand_a council_n while_o they_o see_v nothing_o do_v but_o what_o be_v well_o do_v 13._o nor_o can_v it_o be_v rational_o say_v that_o king_n by_o such_o advice_n as_o they_o have_v in_o the_o recess_n of_o the_o grand_a council_n levy_v war_n in_o defence_n of_o the_o public_a according_a to_o rule_n do_v otherwise_o than_o their_o duty_n or_o if_o the_o grand_a council_n look_v on_o see_v nothing_o misgovern_v and_o say_v nothing_o that_o they_o do_v other_o than_o be_v meet_v for_o it_o must_v be_v remember_v that_o king_n in_o their_o first_o original_a be_v rather_o officer_n for_o war_n than_o peace_n and_o so_o be_v hold_v by_o all_o antiquity_n and_o as_o general_n in_o war_n be_v call_v reges_a or_o imperatores_fw-la by_o the_o grecian_n roman_n and_o german_n and_o at_o such_o time_n as_o war_n be_v conclude_v at_o the_o general_a meeting_n of_o the_o people_n they_o choose_v their_o dux_n or_o rex_n call_v he_o which_o you_o please_v and_o he_o be_v choose_v all_o bind_v themselves_o to_o be_v at_o his_o command_n and_o to_o defend_v his_o person_n so_o as_o while_o a_o king_n keep_v within_o his_o place_n in_o time_n of_o danger_n it_o be_v his_o duty_n first_o to_o stir_v himself_o and_o stir_v up_o the_o rest_n to_o lead_v they_o and_o order_v they_o as_o may_v be_v most_o for_o the_o public_a defence_n and_o to_o govern_v the_o army_n by_o such_o law_n as_o be_v or_o shall_v be_v establish_v by_o order_n of_o the_o public_a meeting_n and_o in_o case_n of_o sudden_a exigency_n to_o use_v his_o own_o wit_n and_o in_o all_o this_o be_v the_o common_a liberty_n no_o whit_n infringe_v in_o regard_n that_o all_o be_v for_o the_o public_a defence_n to_o which_o the_o knight_n be_v bind_v by_o their_o tenor_n and_o all_o other_o by_o the_o law._n and_o this_o be_v this_o kingdom_n case_n in_o the_o norman_n time_n that_o both_o leader_n and_o soldier_n whether_o by_o election_n of_o the_o people_n or_o prescription_n yet_o all_o serve_v for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o kingdom_n nor_o be_v they_o compellable_n to_o any_o other_o service_n inconsistent_a therewith_o nor_o to_o stand_v to_o any_o judgement_n in_o such_o case_n differ_v from_o or_o contrary_a to_o that_o of_o the_o parliament_n itself_o chap._n lv._o that_o the_o entry_n of_o the_o norman_n into_o this_o island_n can_v not_o be_v by_o conquest_n that_o in_o point_n of_o fact_n the_o entry_n of_o the_o norman_n into_o england_n be_v not_o by_o conquest_n will_v sufficient_o appear_v from_o what_o have_v be_v already_o note_v i_o shall_v make_v one_o step_n further_o and_o show_v that_o as_o affair_n than_o stand_v with_o the_o conqueror_n it_o be_v impossible_a for_o he_o to_o merit_v that_o name_n against_o the_o stream_n of_o providence_n that_o have_v pre-engaged_n he_o to_o three_o sort_n of_o man_n viz._n the_o norman_n the_o clergy_n and_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n it_o must_v be_v take_v for_o a_o ground_n that_o duke_n william_n must_v give_v all_o fair_a correspondency_n to_o the_o norman_n consider_v they_o be_v member_n of_o his_o own_o body_n and_o the_o arm_n of_o his_o strength_n without_o which_o he_o can_v do_v nothing_o and_o it_o be_v not_o less_o certain_a that_o however_o the_o sea_n divide_v the_o two_o country_n yet_o long_o before_o the_o arrival_n of_o the_o army_n 55._o the_o norman_n and_o saxon_n be_v so_o well_o acquaint_v by_o the_o latter_a access_n of_o the_o dane_n that_o partly_o by_o marriage_n and_o other_o interest_n the_o norman_n make_v so_o great_a a_o party_n in_o england_n as_o that_o party_n merit_v no_o less_o from_o the_o duke_n in_o his_o entrance_n than_o those_o he_o bring_v with_o he_o and_o therefore_o both_o they_o and_o their_o ally_n in_o all_o reason_n must_v expect_v such_o reward_n of_o their_o faithfulness_n to_o he_o as_o the_o other_o have_v nor_o can_v the_o duke_n deny_v the_o same_o unless_o he_o have_v disclaim_v his_o own_o interest_n whereof_o he_o have_v none_o to_o spare_v second_o their_o merit_n from_o the_o duke_n be_v accompany_v with_o no_o less_o mutual_a relation_n to_o his_o army_n be_v of_o the_o same_o blood_n with_o themselves_o and_o of_o ancient_a acquaintance_n and_o as_o impossible_a it_o be_v for_o the_o duke_n to_o keep_v they_o from_o consociation_n with_o the_o mix_a people_n as_o to_o abstract_n the_o mix_a people_n each_o from_o other_o one_o or_o both_o of_o which_o must_v be_v do_v and_o the_o conqueror_n must_v be_v keep_v from_o incorporate_n with_o the_o conquer_a or_o else_o the_o law_n of_o conquest_n can_v hold_v three_o if_o these_o two_o have_v fail_v yet_o have_v the_o duke_n by_o his_o manner_n of_o reward_v his_o army_n disable_v himself_o from_o hold_v however_o he_o may_v seem_v to_o have_v by_o conquest_n thus_o be_v his_o gift_n of_o manor_n land_n and_o franchise_n unto_o his_o soldier_n complete_v with_o their_o ancient_a right_n and_o privilege_n in_o free_a service_n otherwise_o it_o have_v be_v little_o better_o than_o a_o trap_n to_o bring_v his_o own_o man_n into_o bondage_n who_o late_o be_v free_a soldier_n under_o no_o better_a than_o a_o duke_n of_o their_o own_o election_n and_o their_o government_n in_o their_o own_o country_n however_o big_a yet_o have_v not_o bring_v forth_o a_o sovereignty_n into_o the_o world_n their_o duke_n no_o complete_a king_n nor_o themselves_o so_o mean_a as_o vassal_n and_o it_o be_v equal_o difficult_a for_o he_o to_o get_v
circuit_n have_v six_o justice_n 137._o which_o the_o king_n make_v justice_n of_o the_o common_a plea_n throughout_o the_o kingdom_n 445._o neither_o yet_o do_v the_o first_o commission_n continue_v so_o long_o as_o four_o year_n for_o within_o that_o time_n richard_n lucy_n one_o of_o the_o justice_n have_v renounce_v his_o office_n and_o betake_v himself_o to_o a_o cloister_n and_o yet_o be_v neither_o name_n in_o the_o first_o commission_n nor_o in_o the_o latter_a nor_o do_v the_o last_o commission_n continue_v five_o year_n 1184._o for_o within_o that_o time_n ralph_n glanvil_n remove_v from_o the_o northern_a circuit_n to_o that_o of_o worcester_n as_o by_o the_o story_n of_o sir_n gilbert_n plumpton_n may_v appear_v though_o little_a to_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o justice_n of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o of_o that_o judge_n however_o his_o book_n commend_v he_o to_o posterity_n i_o take_v it_o upon_o the_o credit_n of_o the_o reporter_n that_o this_o itinerary_a judicature_n be_v settle_v to_o hold_v every_o seven_o year_n 33_o but_o i_o find_v no_o monument_n thereof_o before_o these_o day_n as_o touch_v their_o power_n certain_o it_o be_v in_o point_n of_o judicature_n as_o large_a as_o that_o of_o the_o court_n of_o lord_n though_o not_o so_o high_a it_o be_v as_o large_a because_o they_o have_v cognizance_n of_o all_o cause_n both_o concern_v the_o crown_n and_o common-plea_n 7._o and_o among_o those_o of_o the_o crown_n this_o only_a i_o shall_v note_v that_o all_o manner_n of_o falsehood_n be_v inquirable_a by_o those_o judge_n which_o after_o come_v to_o be_v much_o invade_v by_o the_o clergy_n i_o shall_v say_v no_o more_o of_o this_o but_o that_o in_o their_o original_n these_o iter_n be_v little_a other_o than_o visitation_n of_o the_o country_n by_o the_o grand_a council_n of_o lord_n nor_o shall_v i_o add_v any_o thing_n concern_v the_o vicontiel_n court_v and_o other_o inferior_a but_o what_o i_o find_v in_o glanvil_n 2._o that_o though_o robbery_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n court_n yet_o theft_n belong_v to_o the_o sheriff_n court_n and_o if_o the_o lord_n court_n intercept_v not_o all_o battery_n and_o wound_n unless_o in_o the_o complaint_n they_o be_v charge_v to_o be_v do_v contra_fw-la pacem_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la 10._o the_o like_a also_o of_o inferior_a trespass_n beside_o common-plea_n whereof_o more_o shall_v follow_v in_o the_o next_o chapter_n as_o occasion_n shall_v be_v chap._n lxii_o of_o certain_a law_n of_o judicature_n in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o second_o and_o hereof_o i_o shall_v note_v only_o a_o few_o as_o well_o touch_v matter_n of_o the_o crown_n as_o of_o property_n be_v desirous_a to_o observe_v the_o change_n of_o law_n with_o the_o time_n and_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o growth_n thereof_o to_o that_o pitch_n which_o in_o these_o time_n it_o have_v attain_v we_o can_v find_v in_o any_o story_n that_o the_o saxon_a church_n be_v infest_a with_o any_o heresy_n heresy_n from_o their_o first_o entrance_n till_o this_o present_a generation_n the_o first_o and_o last_o heresy_n that_o ever_o trouble_a this_o island_n be_v imbred_a by_o pelagius_n but_o that_o be_v among_o the_o britain_n and_o be_v first_o batter_v by_o the_o council_n or_o synod_n under_o germanus_n but_o afterward_o suppress_v by_o the_o zeal_n of_o the_o saxon_n who_o like_v nothing_o of_o the_o british_a breed_n and_o for_o who_o sake_n it_o suffer_v more_o happy_o than_o for_o the_o foulness_n of_o the_o opinion_n the_o saxon_a church_n 585._o leaven_v from_o rome_n for_o the_o space_n of_o above_o five_o hundred_o year_n hold_v on_o its_o course_n without_o any_o intermission_n by_o cross_a doctrine_n spring_v up_o till_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o second_o then_o enter_v a_o sect_n who_o they_o call_v publican_n but_o be_v the_o albigence_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o decree_n of_o pope_n alexander_n who_o opinion_n i_o shall_v not_o trouble_v my_o course_n with_o but_o it_o seem_v they_o be_v such_o as_o cross_v their_o way_n and_o henry_n the_o second_o make_v the_o first_o precedent_n of_o punish_v heresy_n in_o the_o kingdom_n under_o the_o name_n of_o this_o sect_n 13._o who_o he_o cause_v to_o be_v bring_v before_o a_o council_n of_o bishop_n who_o endeavour_v to_o convince_v they_o of_o their_o error_n but_o fail_v therein_o they_o pronounce_v they_o heretic_n and_o deliver_v they_o over_o to_o the_o lay_v power_n by_o which_o mean_n they_o be_v brand_v in_o the_o forehead_n whip_v and_o expose_v to_o extremity_n of_o the_o cold_a according_a to_o the_o decree_n of_o the_o church_n die_v alexand._n this_o be_v the_o manner_n and_o punishment_n of_o heretic_n in_o this_o kingdom_n in_o those_o day_n 585._o albeit_o in_o seem_v they_o be_v then_o decree_v to_o be_v burn_v in_o other_o country_n if_o that_o relation_n of_o cog_n shall_v be_v true_a which_o picardus_n note_v upon_o the_o 13_o chapter_n of_o the_o history_n of_o william_n of_o newberry_n out_o of_o which_o i_o have_v insert_v this_o relation_n another_o case_n we_o meet_v with_o in_o henry_n the_o second_o be_v time_n concern_v apostasy_n which_o be_v a_o crime_n that_o as_o it_o seem_v die_v as_o soon_o as_o it_o be_v bear_v apostasy_n for_o beside_o that_o one_o 9_o we_o find_v no_o second_v thereto_o in_o all_o the_o file_n of_o english_a story_n the_o particular_a be_v that_o a_o clerk_n have_v renounce_v his_o baptism_n and_o turn_v jew_n and_o for_o this_o be_v convict_v by_o a_o council_n of_o bishop_n at_o oxford_n and_o be_v burn_v so_o as_o we_o have_v apostasy_n punish_v with_o death_n and_o heresy_n with_o a_o punishment_n that_o prove_v mortal_a and_o the_o manner_n of_o conviction_n of_o both_o by_o a_o council_n of_o the_o clergy_n and_o deliver_v over_o to_o the_o lay-power_n who_o certain_o proceed_v according_a to_o the_o direction_n of_o the_o canon_n or_o advice_n of_o the_o council_n these_o if_o no_o more_o be_v sufficient_a to_o demonstrate_v the_o grow_a power_n of_o the_o clergy_n however_o brave_a the_o king_n be_v against_o all_o his_o enemy_n in_o the_o field_n treason_n be_v ancient_o use_v only_a as_o a_o crime_n of_o breach_n of_o trust_n or_o fealty_n as_o have_v be_v already_o note_v treason_n now_o it_o grow_v into_o a_o sad_a temper_n and_o be_v make_v all_o one_o with_o that_o of_o laesa_fw-la majestas_fw-la and_o that_o majesty_n that_o nowadays_o be_v wrap_v up_o whole_o in_o the_o person_n of_o the_o king_n be_v in_o henry_n the_o second_o be_v time_n impart_v to_o the_o king_n and_o kingdom_n as_o in_o the_o first_o time_n it_o be_v more_o relate_v to_o the_o kingdom_n 2._o and_o therefore_o glanvil_n in_o his_o book_n of_o law_n speak_v of_o the_o wound_n of_o majesty_n exemplify_v sedition_n and_o destruction_n of_o the_o kingdom_n 1._o to_o be_v in_o equal_a degree_n a_o wound_n of_o majesty_n with_o the_o destruction_n of_o the_o person_n of_o the_o king_n and_o then_o he_o name_v sedition_n in_o the_o army_n and_o fraudulent_a conversion_n of_o treasure-trove_a which_o proper_o belong_v to_o the_o king._n all_o which_o he_o say_v be_v punish_v with_o death_n and_o forfeiture_n of_o estate_n and_o corruption_n of_o blood_n for_o so_o i_o take_v the_o meaning_n of_o the_o word_n in_o relation_n to_o what_o ensue_v felony_n of_o manslaughter_n burn_v robbery_n ravishment_n and_o fausonry_n be_v to_o be_v punish_v with_o loss_n of_o member_n and_o estate_n felony_n this_o be_v the_o law_n derive_v from_o the_o norman_n and_o according_o be_v the_o direction_n in_o the_o charge_n give_v to_o the_o justice_n itinerant_a in_o henry_n the_o second_o be_v time_n as_o appear_v in_o hoveden_n but_o treason_n or_o treachery_n against_o the_o oath_n 25._o fealty_n or_o bond_n of_o allegiance_n as_o of_o the_o servant_n against_o the_o lord_n be_v punish_v with_o certain_a and_o with_o painful_a death_n and_o therefore_o though_o the_o murder_n of_o the_o king_n be_v treason_n yet_o the_o murder_n of_o his_o son_n be_v no_o other_o than_o as_o of_o another_o man_n unless_o it_o arise_v from_o those_o of_o his_o own_o servant_n 79._o the_o penalty_n of_o loss_n of_o estate_n be_v common_a both_o to_o treason_n and_o felony_n it_o reach_v even_o unto_o theft_n in_o which_o case_n the_o forfeiture_n as_o to_o the_o movable_n 17._o be_v to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o the_o county_n unto_o who_o cognizance_n the_o case_n do_v belong_v and_o the_o land_n go_v to_o the_o lord_n immediate_o and_o not_o to_o the_o king._n but_o in_o all_o case_n of_o felony_n and_o of_o a_o high_a nature_n the_o party_n though_o not_o the_o king_n tenant_n lose_v his_o personal_a estate_n to_o the_o king_n for_o ever_o his_o freehold_n also_o for_o a_o year_n and_o a_o day_n after_o which_o they_o return_v to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o soil_n by_o way_n of_o escheat_n
it_o seem_v also_o that_o the_o loss_n not_o only_o of_o chattel_n and_o good_n but_o also_o of_o land_n etc._n etc._n extend_v to_o outlawry_n i_o conceive_v in_o case_n of_o felony_n and_o the_o king_n pardon_n in_o such_o case_n can_v not_o bind_v the_o lord_n right_a of_o escheat_n although_o it_o may_v discharge_v the_o good_n and_o the_o year_n and_o day_n whereunto_o the_o king_n be_v entitle_v which_o case_n alone_o sufficient_o declare_v what_o power_n king_n have_v in_o the_o estate_n of_o their_o subject_n manslaughter_n make_v not_o bailable_a this_o be_v law_n in_o henry_n the_o second_o be_v time_n although_o it_o cross_v the_o norman_a law_n 3_o and_o questionless_a it_o be_v upon_o good_a ground_n for_o the_o time_n now_o be_v not_o as_o those_o in_o the_o conquerour_n time_n when_o shed_v of_o blood_n be_v account_v valour_n and_o in_o most_o case_n in_o order_n to_o the_o public_a service_n and_o now_o it_o seem_v it_o be_v a_o grow_a evil_n and_o that_o cry_v so_o loud_o as_o though_o in_o case_n of_o treason_n bail_n may_v be_v allow_v yet_o not_o in_o this_o case_n ubi_fw-la ad_fw-la terrorem_fw-la aliter_fw-la statutum_fw-la est_fw-la say_v the_o author_n robber_n shall_v be_v commit_v to_o the_o sheriff_n or_o in_o his_o absence_n to_o the_o next_o castelane_n robbery_n who_o shall_v deliver_v he_o to_o the_o sheriff_n and_o the_o justice_n shall_v do_v right_a to_o they_o and_o unto_o trespasser_n upon_o land_n by_o the_o conquerour_n law_n these_o offender_n be_v bailable_a 1._o and_o i_o conceive_v this_o be_v no_o repeal_n thereof_o and_o the_o rather_o because_o glanvil_n allow_v of_o pledge_n in_o all_o case_n except_o manslaughter_n yea_o in_o those_o crime_n that_o do_v wound_v majesty_n itself_o although_o they_o concern_v the_o destruction_n of_o the_o king_n person_n or_o sedition_n in_o the_o kingdom_n or_o army_n thereof_o the_o justice_n herein_o mention_v be_v intend_v to_o be_v the_o justice_n itinerant_a and_o the_o trespass_n upon_o land_n be_v mean_v such_o as_o be_v contra_fw-la pacem_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la as_o riotous_a and_o forcible_a entry_n for_o some_o trespass_n be_v against_o the_o peace_n of_o the_o sheriff_n as_o former_o have_v be_v observe_v fauxonry_n be_v of_o several_a degree_n or_o kind_n some_o against_o the_o king_n other_o against_o other_o man_n 7._o and_o of_o those_o against_o the_o king_n some_o be_v punish_v as_o wound_n of_o majesty_n as_o falsify_v the_o king_n charter_n and_o whether_o falsify_v of_o money_n be_v in_o that_o condition_n or_o not_o i_o leave_v or_o falsify_v of_o measure_n yet_o more_o inferior_a i_o can_v determine_v but_o it_o be_v clear_a by_o glanvil_n that_o falsify_v of_o the_o deed_n of_o a_o private_a person_n be_v of_o small_a consideration_n and_o at_o the_o utmost_a deserve_v but_o loss_n of_o member_n inheritance_n may_v not_o be_v alien_v inheritance_n be_v in_o those_o time_n of_o land_n or_o good_n for_o it_o be_v the_o custom_n then_o 5._o that_o the_o personal_a estate_n the_o debt_n deduct_v be_v divisible_a into_o three_o part_n one_o whereof_o belong_v in_o right_a to_o the_o wife_n as_o her_o reasonable_a part_n the_o other_o to_o the_o heir_n and_o a_o three_o to_o the_o testator_n to_o make_v his_o will_n of_o they_o and_o of_o the_o other_o two_o part_n he_o can_v not_o dispose_v by_o will._n concern_v land_n it_o be_v regular_o true_a that_o no_o man_n can_v alien_n his_o whole_a inheritance_n to_o the_o disherisin_n of_o his_o heir_n either_o by_o act_n in_o his_o life-time_n or_o any_o part_n thereof_o by_o his_o last_o will_n without_o the_o concurrence_n of_o the_o heir_n but_o of_o purchase_a land_n he_o may_v give_v part_n by_o act_n execute_v in_o his_o life-time_n though_o he_o have_v no_o land_n by_o inheritance_n and_o if_o he_o have_v no_o issue_n than_o he_o may_v alien_a all_o and_o where_o a_o man_n have_v land_n by_o inheritance_n and_o also_o by_o purchase_n he_o may_v alien_a all_o his_o purchase_a land_n as_o he_o please_v if_o the_o land_n be_v hold_v in_o gavel-kind_n no_o more_o of_o the_o inheritance_n can_v be_v convey_v to_o any_o of_o the_o child_n than_o their_o proportionable_a part_n will_v amount_v unto_o this_o law_n of_o inheritance_n be_v divers_a according_a to_o the_o tenure_n for_o the_o land_n in_o knights-service_n always_o descend_v to_o the_o heir_n but_o such_o as_o be_v hold_v in_o socage_n pass_v according_a to_o the_o custom_n either_o to_o the_o elder_a or_o to_o the_o young_a or_o to_o all_o equal_o and_o thus_o stand_v the_o general_a state_n of_o inheritance_n from_o the_o norman_n time_n hitherto_o 88_o seem_v somewhat_o too_o straight_o for_o the_o free_a man_n that_o by_o law_n of_o property_n may_v challenge_v a_o power_n to_o do_v with_o their_o own_o as_o they_o please_v but_o the_o norman_n see_v a_o double_a prejudice_n herein_o the_o first_o be_v the_o danger_n of_o ruin_n of_o many_o of_o their_o family_n who_o now_o ingraft_v into_o the_o english_a stock_n and_o yet_o not_o full_o one_o may_v expect_v a_o late_a check_n to_o their_o preferment_n from_o the_o saxon_a parent_n after_o a_o long_a and_o fair_a semblance_n make_v of_o their_o good_a will._n the_o second_o prejudice_n be_v the_o decay_n of_o their_o militia_n which_o be_v maintain_v by_o riches_n more_o than_o by_o multitude_n of_o man_n partly_o because_o that_o rich_a man_n be_v most_o fearful_a of_o offend_v and_o therefore_o ordinary_o be_v most_o serviceable_a both_o with_o their_o body_n and_o estate_n against_o public_a danger_n and_o partly_o because_o by_o their_o friend_n and_o ally_n they_o bring_v more_o aid_n unto_o the_o public_a by_o engage_v they_o in_o the_o common_a cause_n that_o otherwise_o may_v prove_v unsensible_a of_o the_o condition_n of_o their_o country_n the_o heir_n of_o a_o freeman_n shall_v by_o descent_n be_v in_o such_o seisin_n as_o his_o ancestor_n have_v at_o the_o time_n of_o his_o death_n 9_o do_v service_n and_o pay_v relief_n and_o shall_v have_v his_o chattel_n if_o the_o heir_n be_v under_o age_n the_o lord_n shall_v have_v the_o wardship_n for_o the_o due_a time_n and_o the_o wife_n her_o dower_n and_o part_n of_o the_o good_n if_o the_o lord_n withhold_v seisin_n the_o king_n justice_n shall_v try_v the_o matter_n by_o twelve_o man_n the_o first_o of_o these_o branch_n be_v declaratory_a of_o a_o ground_n of_o common_a law_n but_o be_v apply_v to_o the_o last_o be_v a_o introduction_n of_o a_o new_a law_n of_o trial_n of_o the_o heir_n be_v right_a by_o assize_n of_o mortdancester_n where_o former_o no_o remedy_n be_v leave_v to_o the_o heir_n but_o a_o writ_n of_o right_o if_o these_o three_o branch_n be_v particular_o observe_v they_o speak_v of_o three_o sort_n of_o heir_n of_o tenant_n by_o knight-service_n viz._n such_o as_o be_v major_n or_o of_o full_a age_n and_o such_o as_o be_v minor_n or_o under_o age_n and_o such_o as_o be_v of_o a_o doubtful_a age_n those_o 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glanvil_n or_o any_o other_o say_v that_o these_o be_v their_o full_a age_n to_o all_o purpose_n albeit_o that_o some_o burrough_n at_o this_o day_n hold_v the_o last_o in_o custom_n to_o all_o intent_n whatsoever_o the_o last_o branch_n provide_v the_o remedy_n to_o recover_v to_o the_o heir_n his_o possession_n in_o case_n it_o be_v detain_v either_o through_o doubtfulness_n of_o age_n of_o the_o heir_n or_o his_o title_n and_o it_o direct_v the_o issue_n to_o be_v try_v by_o twelve_o man_n this_o trial_n some_o have_v think_v to_o be_v of_o glanvil_n invention_n and_o it_o may_v well_o be_v that_o this_o trial_n of_o this_o matter_n as_o thus_o set_v down_o be_v direct_v by_o he_o yet_o he_o use_v often_o in_o his_o book_n the_o word_n solet_fw-la and_o in_o his_o preface_n
say_v that_o he_o will_v set_v down_o frequentius_fw-la usitata_fw-la and_o it_o be_v past_a question_n but_o that_o the_o trial_n by_o twelve_o man_n be_v much_o more_o ancient_a as_o have_v be_v already_o note_v one_o thing_n more_o yet_o remain_v concern_v the_o widow_n of_o the_o tenant_n who_o dower_n be_v not_o only_o provide_v for_o but_o her_o reasonable_a part_n of_o her_o husband_n be_v personal_a estate_n the_o original_n hereof_o be_v from_o the_o norman_n and_o it_o be_v as_o popular_a as_o that_o of_o wardship_n be_v regal_a and_o so_o they_o make_v the_o english_a woman_n as_o sure_a to_o they_o as_o they_o be_v sure_a of_o their_o child_n the_o justice_n shall_v by_o assize_n try_v disseisin_n do_v since_o the_o king_n be_v come_v over_o sea_n next_o after_o the_o peace_n make_v between_o he_o and_o his_o son._n this_o be_v call_v the_o assize_n of_o novel_a disseisin_n or_o of_o disseisin_n late_o make_v it_o seem_v that_o the_o limitation_n be_v set_v for_o the_o justice_n sake_n who_o now_o be_v appoint_v to_o that_o work_n which_o former_o belong_v to_o the_o county-courts_a 33._o and_o to_o prevent_v intrenchment_n of_o court_n a_o limitation_n be_v determine_v although_o the_o copy_n seem_v to_o be_v mistake_v for_o the_o limitation_n in_o the_o writ_n be_v from_o the_o king_n be_v last_o voyage_n or_o go_v into_o normandy_n justice_n shall_v do_v right_a upon_o the_o king_n be_v write_v for_o half_a a_o knight_n fee_n and_o under_o unless_o in_o case_n of_o difficulty_n which_o be_v to_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o king._n the_o justice_n itinerant_a end_v the_o small_a matter_n in_o their_o circuit_n the_o other_o be_v reserve_v to_o the_o king_n in_o his_o bench._n justice_n shall_v inquire_v of_o escheat_n land_n church_n and_o woman_n in_o the_o king_n gift_n and_o of_o castleguard_n who_o how_o much_o and_o where_o so_o as_o the_o judge_n itinerant_a have_v the_o work_n of_o escheator_n and_o make_v their_o circuit_n serve_v as_o well_o 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nature_n of_o this_o mutual_a relation_n between_o lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o general_n that_o the_o true_a nature_n of_o the_o diversity_n may_v more_o full_o appear_v the_o foundation_n or_o subject_n of_o service_n be_v a_o piece_n of_o land_n or_o other_o tenement_n at_o the_o first_o give_v by_o the_o lord_n to_o the_o tenant_n in_o affirmance_n of_o a_o stipulation_n between_o they_o presuppose_v by_o the_o give_v and_o receive_v whereof_o the_o tenant_n undertake_v to_o peform_v service_n to_o the_o lord_n and_o the_o lord_n undertake_v protection_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o his_o right_n to_o that_o tenement_n 4._o the_o service_n be_v first_o by_o service_n solemn_o bind_v either_o by_o oath_n which_o the_o lord_n or_o his_o deputy_n by_o the_o common-law_n have_v power_n to_o administer_v as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o fealty_n in_o which_o the_o tenant_n bind_v himself_o to_o be_v true_a to_o the_o honour_n and_o safety_n of_o his_o lord_n person_n and_o to_o perform_v the_o service_n due_a to_o the_o lord_n for_o the_o tenement_n so_o give_v or_o otherwise_o by_o the_o tenant_n humble_a acknowledgement_n and_o promise_v not_o only_o to_o perform_v the_o service_n due_a but_o even_o to_o be_v devote_v to_o the_o lord_n service_n to_o honour_v he_o and_o to_o adventure_v limb_n and_o life_n and_o be_v true_a and_o faithful_a to_o the_o lord_n this_o be_v call_v homage_n from_o those_o word_n i_o become_v your_o man_n sir_n and_o yet_o promise_v upon_o the_o matter_n no_o more_o but_o fealty_n in_o a_o deep_a compliment_n albeit_o there_o be_v difference_n in_o the_o adjunct_n belong_v to_o eách_v for_o though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o by_o promise_n of_o be_v the_o lord_n man_n a_o general_a service_n may_v seem_v to_o be_v imply_v yet_o in_o regard_n that_o it_o be_v upon_o occasion_n only_o of_o that_o present_a tenure_n it_o seem_v to_o i_o that_o it_o be_v to_o be_v restrain_v only_o to_o those_o particular_a service_n which_o belong_v to_o that_o tenement_n and_o therefore_o if_o that_o tenement_n be_v hold_v in_o socage_n although_o the_o tenant_n be_v bind_v to_o homage_n yet_o that_o homage_n tie_v not_o the_o tenant_n to_o the_o service_n of_o a_o knight_n 5._o nor_o contrary_o do_v the_o homage_n of_o a_o tenant_n in_o knight-service_n tie_v he_o to_o that_o of_o socage_n upon_o the_o command_n of_o his_o lord_n though_o he_o profess_v himself_o to_o be_v his_o man._n nor_o do_v the_o tenant_n homage_n bind_v he_o against_o all_o man_n nor_o ad_fw-la semper_fw-la for_o in_o case_n he_o hold_v of_o two_o or_o divers_a lord_n by_o homage_n for_o several_a tenement_n 10._o and_o these_o two_o lord_n be_v in_o war_n one_o against_o the_o other_o the_o tenant_n must_v serve_v his_o chief_a lord_n of_o who_o the_o capital_a house_n be_v hold_v or_o that_o lord_n which_o be_v he_o by_o priority_n who_o may_v be_v call_v the_o chief_a lord_n because_o have_v first_o receive_v homage_n he_o receive_v it_o absolute_o from_o his_o tenant_n with_o a_o save_n of_o the_o tenant_n faith_n make_v to_o other_o lord_n and_o to_o the_o king_n who_o in_o order_n to_o the_o public_a have_v power_n to_o command_v a_o tenant_n into_o war_n against_o his_o own_o lord_n if_o therefore_o he_o be_v command_v by_o the_o king_n in_o such_o case_n unto_o war_n 1._o he_o need_v not_o question_v the_o point_n of_o forfeiture_n but_o if_o he_o be_v command_v by_o a_o chief_a of_o his_o other_o lord_n into_o war_n against_o a_o party_n in_o which_o another_o of_o his_o lord_n be_v engage_v his_o safe_a way_n be_v to_o enter_v upon_o the_o work_n because_o of_o his_o allegiance_n to_o that_o lord_n yet_o with_o a_o salvo_fw-la of_o his_o fealty_n to_o that_o other_o lord._n 4._o but_o in_o all_o ordinary_a case_n tenant_n and_o lord_n must_v have_v regard_n to_o their_o stipulation_n for_o otherwise_o if_o either_o break_n the_o other_o be_v discharge_v for_o ever_o and_o if_o the_o fault_n be_v in_o the_o tenant_n his_o tenement_n escheat_n to_o his_o lord_n and_o if_o the_o lord_n fail_v he_o lose_v his_o tenure_n and_o the_o tenant_n may_v thenceforth_o disclaim_v and_o hold_v over_o for_o ever_o nevertheless_o the_o lord_n have_v two_o privilege_n by_o common_a custom_n belong_v to_o their_o tenor_n which_o although_o not_o mention_v in_o the_o stipulation_n be_v yet_o more_o valuable_a than_o all_o the_o rest_n the_o one_o concern_v matter_n of_o profit_n the_o other_o of_o power_n that_o of_o profit_n consist_v in_o aid_n and_o relief_n the_o aid_n be_v of_o three_o kind_n 8._o one_o to_o make_v the_o lord_n elder_a son_n knight_n the_o other_o to_o marry_v his_o elder_a daughter_n the_o three_o to_o help_v he_o to_o pay_v a_o relief_n to_o his_o lord_n paramount_n which_o in_o my_o opinion_n sound_v as_o much_o as_o if_o the_o tenant_n be_v bind_v by_o their_o tenor_n to_o aid_v their_o lord_n in_o all_o case_n of_o extraordinary_a charge_n save_v that_o the_o lord_n can_v not_o distrain_v his_o tenant_n 8._o for_o aid_n to_o his_o war_n and_o this_o according_a to_o the_o lord_n discretion_n ibid._n for_o glanvil_n say_v that_o the_o law_n determine_v nothing_o concern_v the_o quantity_n or_o value_n of_o these_o aid_n these_o be_v the_o norman_a way_n and_o savour_v so_o much_o of_o lordship_n that_o within_o that_o age_n they_o be_v regulate_v but_o that_o of_o relief_n be_v a_o ancient_a sacrifice_n as_o of_o first-fruit_n of_o the_o tenement_n to_o the_o lord_n in_o memorial_n of_o the_o first_o lord_n favour_n in_o confer_v that_o tenement_n and_o it_o be_v first_o settle_v in_o the_o saxon_n time_n the_o lord_n privilege_n of_o power_n extend_v so_o far_o as_o to_o distrain_v his_o tenant_n into_o his_o own_o court_n to_o answer_v to_o himself_o in_o all_o cause_n that_o concern_v his_o
right_n and_o so_o the_o lord_n become_v both_o judge_n and_o party_n which_o be_v soon_o feel_v and_o prevent_v as_o shall_v appear_v hereafter_o another_o privilege_n of_o the_o lord_n power_n be_v over_o the_o tenant_n heir_n after_o the_o tenant_n death_n in_o the_o dispose_n of_o the_o body_n during_o the_o minority_n and_o marriage_n of_o the_o same_o as_o touch_v the_o dispose_n of_o the_o body_n the_o lord_n either_o retain_v the_o same_o in_o his_o own_o power_n or_o commit_v the_o same_o to_o other_o 12._o and_o this_o be_v do_v either_o pleno_fw-la jure_fw-la or_o render_v a_o account_n as_o concern_v the_o marriage_n of_o the_o female_n that_o be_v heir_n or_o so_o apparent_a the_o parent_n in_o their_o life-time_n can_v marry_v they_o without_o the_o lord_n consent_n nor_o may_v they_o marry_v themselves_o after_o their_o parent_n death_n without_o the_o same_o and_o the_o lord_n be_v bind_v to_o give_v their_o consent_n unless_o they_o can_v show_v cause_n to_o the_o contrary_n the_o like_a also_o of_o the_o tenant_n widow_n that_o have_v any_o dowry_n in_o the_o land_n of_o such_o tenure_n and_o by_o suchlike_a mean_n as_o these_o the_o power_n of_o the_o baron_n grow_v to_o that_o height_n that_o in_o the_o lump_n it_o be_v too_o massy_a both_o for_o prince_n and_o commons_o of_o the_o power_n of_o the_o last_o will._n it_o be_v a_o receive_a opinion_n that_o at_o the_o common-law_n no_o man_n can_v devise_v his_o land_n by_o his_o last_o will._n if_o thereby_o it_o be_v conceive_v to_o be_v against_o common_a reason_n i_o shall_v not_o touch_v that_o but_o if_o against_o custom_n of_o the_o ancient_a time_n i_o must_v suspend_v my_o concurrence_n therewith_o until_o those_o ancient_a time_n be_v define_v for_o as_o yet_o i_o find_v no_o testimony_n sufficient_a to_o assert_v that_o opinion_n but_o rather_o that_o the_o time_n hitherto_o have_v a_o sacred_a opinion_n of_o the_o last_o will_n as_o of_o the_o most_o serious_a sincere_a and_o advise_v declaration_n of_o the_o most_o inward_a desire_n of_o a_o man_n which_o be_v the_o main_a thing_n look_v unto_o in_o all_o conveyance_n voluntas_fw-la donatoris_fw-la de_fw-la caetero_fw-la observetur_fw-la and_o therefore_o nothing_o be_v more_o ordinary_a than_o for_o king_n in_o these_o time_n as_o much_o as_o in_o they_o do_v lie_v 1._o to_o dispose_v of_o their_o crown_n by_o their_o last_o will._n thus_o king_n john_n appoint_v henry_n the_o three_o his_o successor_n and_o richard_n the_o first_o devise_v the_o crown_n to_o king_n john_n and_o henry_n the_o first_o give_v all_o his_o land_n to_o his_o daughter_n and_o william_n the_o conqueror_n by_o his_o last_o will_n give_v normandy_n to_o robert_n england_n to_o william_n 3._o and_o to_z henry_n his_o mother_n land_n if_o then_o these_o thing_n of_o great_a moment_n under_o heaven_n be_v ordinary_o dispose_v by_o the_o last_o will_n be_v it_o then_o probable_a that_o the_o small_a freehold_n shall_v be_v of_o too_o high_a esteem_n to_o be_v credit_v to_o such_o conveyance_n i_o will_v not_o be_v mistake_v as_o if_o i_o think_v that_o crown_n and_o empire_n be_v at_o the_o disposal_n of_o the_o last_o will_n of_o the_o possessor_n nor_o do_v i_o think_v that_o either_o they_o be_v thus_o in_o this_o kingdom_n or_o that_o there_o be_v any_o reason_n that_o can_v patronize_v that_o opinion_n yet_o it_o will_v be_v apparent_a that_o king_n have_v no_o sleight_n conceit_n of_o the_o last_o will_n and_o know_v no_o such_o infirmity_n in_o that_o manner_n of_o conveyance_n as_o be_v pretend_v or_o else_o will_v they_o never_o have_v spend_v that_o little_a breath_n leave_v they_o in_o vain_a 5._o i_o have_v observe_v the_o word_n of_o glanvil_n concern_v this_o point_n and_o i_o can_v find_v that_o he_o positive_o deny_v all_o conveyance_n of_o land_n by_o will_n but_o only_o in_o case_n of_o disherison_n the_o ground_n whereof_o be_v because_o it_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o conveyance_n of_o the_o law_n and_o yet_o in_o that_o case_n also_o allow_v of_o a_o dispose_n power_n by_o consent_n of_o the_o heir_n which_o can_v never_o make_v good_a conveyance_n if_o the_o will_n in_o that_o case_n be_v absolute_o void_a and_o therefore_o his_o authority_n lie_v not_o in_o the_o way_n nor_o do_v the_o particular_a custom_n of_o place_n discountenance_v but_o rather_o advance_v this_o opinion_n for_o if_o devise_v of_o land_n be_v incident_a to_o the_o tenure_n in_o gavel-kind_n and_o that_o so_o general_a in_o old_a time_n as_o also_o to_o the_o burgage_n tenor_n which_o be_v the_o rule_n of_o corporation_n and_o city_n 61._o vbi_fw-la leges_fw-la angliae_fw-la deperiri_fw-la non_fw-la possunt_fw-la nec_fw-la defraudari_fw-la nec_fw-la violari_fw-la how_o can_v it_o be_v say_v contrary_a to_o the_o common_a law_n and_o therefore_o those_o conveyance_n of_o land_n by_o last_o will_n that_o be_v in_o and_o after_o these_o time_n hold_v in_o use_n seem_v to_o i_o rather_o remnant_n of_o the_o more_o general_a custom_n waste_v by_o positive_a law_n than_o particular_a custom_n grow_v up_o against_o the_o common_a rule_n 1181._o it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o clergy_n put_v a_o power_n into_o the_o pope_n to_o alter_v the_o law_n as_o touch_v themselves_o in_o some_o case_n for_o roger_n archbishop_n of_o york_n procure_v a_o faculty_n from_o the_o pope_n to_o ordain_v that_o no_o ecclesiastical_a person_n will_v shall_v be_v good_a unless_o make_v in_o health_n 16._o and_o not_o lie_v in_o extremity_n and_o that_o in_o such_o case_n the_o archbishop_n shall_v possess_v himself_o of_o all_o such_o party_n good_n but_o as_o it_o last_v not_o long_o so_o be_v himself_o make_v a_o precedent_n in_o the_o case_n for_o be_v overtake_v with_o death_n ere_o he_o be_v provide_v he_o make_v his_o will_n in_o his_o sickness_n and_o henry_n the_o second_o possess_v himself_o of_o his_o estate_n and_o it_o be_v as_o true_a that_o feme_fw-fr covert_n in_o these_o day_n can_v make_v no_o will_n of_o their_o reasonable_a part_n because_o by_o the_o saxon_a law_n it_o belong_v joint_o to_o the_o child_n nor_o can_v usurer_n continue_v in_o that_o course_n at_o the_o time_n of_o their_o death_n make_v their_o will_n because_o their_o personal_a estate_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n after_o their_o death_n and_o their_o land_n to_o their_o lord_n by_o escheat_n although_o before_o death_n they_o lie_v open_a to_o no_o censure_n of_o law_n but_o this_o be_v by_o a_o especial_a law_n make_v since_o the_o conquerour_n time_n for_o by_o the_o saxon-law_n they_o be_v repute_v as_o outlaw_n 37._o nevertheless_o all_o these_o do_v but_o strengthen_v the_o general_a rule_n viz._n that_o regular_o the_o last_o will_n be_v hold_v in_o the_o general_a a_o good_a conveyance_n in_o law._n if_o the_o will_n be_v only_o intend_v and_o not_o perfect_v or_o no_o will_n be_v make_v 8._o than_o the_o land_n pass_v by_o descent_n and_o the_o good_n hold_v course_n according_a to_o the_o saxon_a law_n viz._n the_o next_o kinsman_n and_o friend_n of_o the_o intestate_a do_v administer_v and_o as_o administrator_n they_o may_v sue_v by_o writ_n out_o of_o the_o king_n court_n although_o the_o clergy_n have_v now_o obtain_v so_o much_o power_n as_o for_o the_o recovery_n of_o a_o legacy_n or_o for_o the_o determine_n of_o the_o validity_n of_o the_o will_n in_o its_o general_a nature_n it_o be_v transmit_v to_o the_o ecclesiastical_a court._n chap._n lxiii_o of_o the_o militia_n of_o this_o kingdom_n during_o the_o reign_n of_o these_o king_n i_o undertake_v not_o the_o debate_n of_o right_n but_o as_o touch_v matter_n of_o fact_n short_o thus_o much_o that_o from_o the_o norman_a time_n the_o power_n of_o the_o militia_n rest_v upon_o two_o principle_n the_o one_o the_o allegiance_n for_o the_o common_a defence_n of_o the_o king_n person_n and_o honour_n and_o kingdom_n and_o in_o this_o case_n the_o king_n have_v the_o power_n to_o levy_v the_o force_n of_o the_o kingdom_n nevertheless_o the_o cause_n be_v still_o under_o the_o cognizance_n of_o the_o great_a council_n so_o far_o as_o to_o agree_v or_o disavow_v the_o war_n if_o they_o see_v cause_n as_o appear_v in_o the_o defection_n of_o the_o baron_n in_o the_o quarrel_n between_o king_n steven_n and_o the_o empress_n and_o between_o king_n john_n and_o his_o baron_n the_o other_o principle_n be_v the_o service_n due_a to_o the_o lord_n from_o the_o tenant_n and_o by_o virtue_n hereof_o especial_o whenas_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o commons_o be_v in_o question_n the_o militia_n be_v sway_v by_o the_o lord_n and_o they_o draw_v the_o people_n in_o arm_n either_o one_o way_n or_o the_o other_o as_o the_o case_n appear_v to_o they_o the_o experience_n whereof_o the_o king_n from_o time_n to_o time_n feel_v to_o their_o extreme_a prejudice_n and_o the_o kingdom_n
that_o they_o may_v not_o appear_v to_o be_v clerk_n 16._o justice_n itinerant_a do_v imprison_v clerk_n defame_v for_o felony_n or_o otherwise_o outlaw_n they_o if_o they_o do_v not_o appear_v and_o otherwise_o proceed_v against_o clerk_n after_o their_o purgation_n before_o the_o ordinary_a 17._o 18._o the_o lay-power_n seize_v upon_o the_o estate_n of_o clerk_n degrade_v for_o crime_n 19_o clergy_n be_v compel_v to_o answer_v and_o give_v satisfaction_n for_o offence_n against_o the_o forest-law_n before_o the_o lay-power_n 20._o and_o in_o case_n of_o default_n the_o bishop_n by_o distress_n be_v compel_v to_o order_n satisfaction_n 21._o as_o well_o in_o such_o case_n as_o in_o personal_a action_n 22._o privilege_n of_o sanctuary_n be_v invade_v by_o force_n 23._o executor_n of_o bishop_n be_v hinder_v from_o administer_a the_o estate_n without_o licence_n first_o obtain_v from_o the_o king._n 24._o the_o king_n tenant_n good_n be_v seize_v after_o their_o decease_n by_o the_o king_n bailiff_n 25._o intestates_fw-la good_n be_v seize_v by_o their_o lord_n and_o their_o ordinary_a hinder_v from_o administration_n 26._o the_o king_n prohibition_n pass_v in_o case_n of_o tithe_n and_o chapel_n 27._o the_o like_a in_o case_n of_o troth_n plight_n perjury_n cerage_n heriet_n or_o other_o church-duty_n as_o money_n for_o reparation_n of_o church_n and_o fence_n in_o churchyard_n pecuniary_a punishment_n for_o adultery_n 28._o and_o cost_n of_o suit_n in_o ecclesiastical_a court_n 40._o sacrilege_n excommunication_n for_o breach_n of_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o church_n 29._o contrary_a to_o the_o grand_a charter_n 30._o in_o case_n of_o prohibition_n if_o the_o ecclesiastical_a judge_n proceed_v contrary_a to_o the_o same_o he_o be_v attach_v and_o compel_v to_o show_v his_o act_n in_o court_n if_o the_o lay-judge_n determine_v the_o cause_n to_o be_v temporal_a the_o ecclesiastical_a judge_n be_v amerce_v if_o he_o proceed_v against_o the_o prohibition_n and_o it_o be_v try_v by_o witness_n of_o two_o ribauld_n and_o in_o case_n it_o be_v find_v for_o the_o ecclesiastical_a judge_n cognizance_n yet_o there_o be_v no_o cost_n allow_v for_o such_o vexation_n 31._o 32._o that_o jew_n in_o matter_n ecclesiastical_a aforesaid_a be_v by_o the_o king_n prohibition_n draw_v from_o the_o ecclesiastical_a judge_n unto_o the_o lay-magistrate_n 34._o question_v about_o land_n give_v in_o frankalmoin_n be_v try_v in_o the_o lay-court_n and_o by_o reason_n of_o such_o tenure_n 35._o the_o owner_n though_o clergy_n man_n be_v compel_v to_o do_v suit_n at_o the_o lay-court_n 36._o and_o be_v charge_v with_o imposition_n and_o be_v distrain_v hereunto_o 37._o although_o the_o lord_n have_v other_o land_n of_o the_o donor_n in_o frankalmoin_n subject_a to_o his_o distress_n 38._o 39_o prelate_n summon_v to_o high_a court_n be_v not_o allow_v to_o make_v attorney_n to_o appear_v for_o they_o in_o the_o inferior_a civil_a court_n 41._o grantee_n of_o murage_n or_o other_o unwonted_a imposition_n compel_v the_o churchman_n to_o pay_v the_o same_o 42_o &_o 43._o the_o clergy_n be_v charge_v with_o quarter_n cart-service_n and_o purvey_v 44._o the_o chancery_n send_v out_o new_a writ_n contrary_a to_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o church_n and_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n without_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n prince_n and_o prelate_n 45._o the_o king_n do_v compel_v the_o clergy_n to_o benevolence_n to_o the_o king_n at_o his_o voyage_n into_o foreign_a part_n 46._o amercement_n grant_v to_o clergyman_n be_v turn_v into_o fine_n by_o the_o justice_n and_o by_o they_o take_v 47._o clergyman_n be_v fine_v for_o want_n of_o appearance_n before_o the_o justice_n itinerant_a and_o of_o the_o forest_n upon_o common_a summons_n 48._o quo_fw-la warranto_n grant_v against_o the_o clergy_n for_o their_o liberty_n and_o the_o same_o seize_v unless_o they_o be_v set_v down_o in_o express_a word_n in_o their_o charter_n notwithstanding_o that_o by_o long_a custom_n they_o have_v enjoy_v the_o same_o 49._o and_o many_o time_n contrary_a to_o express_v grant_n 50._o this_o be_v the_o sum_n of_o their_o paper_n of_o grievance_n and_o because_o they_o find_v the_o king_n either_o wilful_a or_o unconstant_a they_o resolve_v upon_o a_o remedy_n of_o their_o own_o by_o excommunication_n and_o interdiction_n not_o spare_v the_o person_n of_o any_o principal_a or_o accessary_n nor_o their_o land_n no_o not_o of_o the_o king_n himself_o and_o for_o this_o they_o join_v all_o as_o one_o man._n now_o what_o scare_v this_o make_v i_o know_v not_o but_o henry_n the_o three_o in_o the_o stat._n of_o marlb_n and_o edward_n the_o first_o in_o his_o stat._n at_o westminster_n and_o other_o statute_n the_o first_o speak_v fair_a and_o seem_v to_o redress_v some_o of_o these_o complaint_n as_o also_o do_v edward_n the_o second_o and_o yet_o the_o common_a law_n lose_v little_a ground_n thereby_o that_o which_o henry_n the_o three_o do_v beside_o his_o promise_n of_o reform_v be_v do_v in_o the_o stat._n of_o marlbridge_n the_o successor_n of_o abbot_n 29._o prior_n and_o prelate_n etc._n etc._n shall_v have_v a_o action_n of_o trespass_n for_o trespass_n do_v nigh_o before_o the_o death_n of_o their_o decessor_n upon_o the_o estate_n of_o their_o corporation_n and_o shall_v prosecute_v a_o action_n begin_v by_o their_o predecessor_n and_o also_o shall_v have_v a_o assize_n against_o intruder_n into_o any_o of_o the_o possession_n belong_v to_o the_o say_a corporation_n whereof_o their_o predecessor_n die_v seize_v this_o may_v seem_v a_o remedy_n provide_v against_o the_o first_o malady_n complain_v of_o and_o questionless_a bind_v all_o but_o the_o king_n and_o so_o may_v perchance_o abate_v somewhat_o the_o edge_n of_o that_o article_n but_o it_o be_v the_o clergy_n reach_v to_o grow_v rich_a and_o the_o pope_n cunning_a to_o help_v on_o that_o work_n that_o they_o may_v be_v as_o store_v for_o supply_v of_o his_o treasury_n and_o have_v forbid_a abbot_n and_o other_o prelate_n etc._n etc._n the_o liberty_n of_o dispose_v their_o estate_n by_o last_o will_v king_n therefore_o as_o supreme_a patron_n to_o these_o body_n in_o their_o vacancy_n use_v to_o seize_v all_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o prelate_n with_o the_o temporality_n to_o their_o own_o use_n as_o well_o to_o preserve_v the_o riches_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o itself_o and_o the_o possession_n of_o such_o corporation_n from_o spoil_n as_o to_o be_v a_o cloak_n of_o their_o own_o covetousness_n and_o under_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o prelate_n or_o head_n of_o these_o corporation_n all_o the_o good_n and_o chattel_n belong_v to_o the_o say_a corporation_n be_v comprehend_v 25._o in_o regard_n that_o all_o be_v by_o law_n adjudge_v to_o be_v in_o the_o sole_a possession_n of_o such_o head_n and_o without_o who_o all_o the_o rest_n be_v account_v but_o as_o dead_a person_n no_o clergyman_n be_v bind_v to_o attend_v at_o the_o sheriff_n turn_v 10_o william_n the_o conqueror_n first_o exempt_v the_o person_n of_o the_o clergy_n from_o attendance_n upon_o temporal_a court_n yet_o they_o be_v still_o urge_v thereto_o 428._o and_o especial_o by_o a_o law_n in_o henry_n the_o first_o be_v time_n but_o by_o this_o law_n they_o be_v discharge_v 31._o and_o in_o some_o measure_n a_o provision_n make_v against_o the_o grievance_n in_o the_o 39th_o article_n beforementioned_a these_o amends_o we_o find_v make_v to_o the_o clergy_n by_o henry_n the_o three_o beside_o his_o confirm_v the_o grand_a charter_n and_o his_o son_n edward_n the_o first_o pursue_v the_o same_o course_n especial_o in_o his_o first_o time_n when_o he_o be_v but_o tender_o root_v as_o may_v appear_v in_o the_o statute_n of_o west_n 1._o clergyman_n nor_o their_o house_n shall_v be_v charge_v with_o quarter_n 1._o nor_o their_o good_n with_o purveyance_n or_o cart-service_n under_o peril_n of_o imprisonment_n and_o damage_n by_o action_n or_o imprisonment_n the_o great_a endowment_n of_o land_n rent_n and_o revenue_n give_v to_o the_o churchman_n by_o the_o laity_n be_v for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o hospitality_n and_o work_n of_o charity_n the_o founder_n and_o benefactor_n hereby_o obtain_v a_o right_a of_o corody_n or_o entertainment_n at_o such_o place_n in_o nature_n of_o freequarter_n which_o in_o the_o necessitous_a time_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o become_v so_o common_a that_o every_o one_o that_o have_v power_n never_o question_v right_a and_o the_o king_n above_o all_o the_o rest_n by_o mean_n whereof_o the_o church-revenue_n be_v exceed_o waste_a for_o remedy_n whereof_o all_o offender_n be_v by_o this_o statute_n make_v liable_a to_o fine_a and_o imprisonment_n and_o double_a damage_n in_o case_n of_o action_n of_o trespass_n the_o king_n only_o except_v against_o who_o they_o have_v no_o defence_n but_o will_v rather_o have_v win_v he_o to_o have_v be_v their_o defence_n against_o the_o exaction_n from_o rome_n that_o
6._o if_o they_o receive_v they_o stock_v the_o first_o of_o these_o be_v the_o law_n of_o common_a reason_n for_o it_o be_v contrary_a to_o guardianship_n to_o destroy_v that_o which_o by_o their_o office_n they_o ought_v to_o preserve_v as_o touch_v the_o word_n of_o the_o law_n the_o grantee_n be_v omit_v in_o the_o charter_n of_o king_n john_n and_o also_o their_o assignee_n albeit_o that_o doubtless_o they_o be_v within_o the_o intent_n and_o meaning_n of_o the_o law._n the_o matter_n declare_v plain_o not_o only_a the_o oppression_n of_o lord_n upon_o their_o ward_n but_o also_o the_o corruption_n even_o of_o the_o law_n itself_o that_o at_o the_o first_o aim_v at_o the_o good_a of_o the_o public_a and_o honour_n of_o knight-service_n but_o now_o be_v degenerate_v into_o the_o base_a desire_n of_o profit_n by_o make_v market_n of_o the_o ward_n estate_n and_o marriage_n that_o bring_v in_o strip_v and_o waste_v of_o estate_n and_o niggardly_a neglect_n of_o the_o education_n and_o train_n up_o of_o the_o person_n of_o the_o ward_n and_o a_o embase_v of_o the_o generation_n of_o mankind_n and_o spoil_v of_o time_n nor_o do_v these_o time_n ever_o espy_v or_o provide_v against_o the_o worst_a of_o these_o but_o only_o endeavour_v to_o save_v the_o estate_n by_o punish_v the_o waster_n in_o damage_n by_o this_o law_n 5._o and_o by_o forfeiture_n of_o the_o wardship_n by_o a_o law_n make_v in_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o and_o this_o as_o well_o for_o waste_v do_v during_o the_o time_n of_o the_o custody_n as_o in_o the_o life-time_n of_o his_o ancestor_n by_o another_o law_n in_o edward_n the_o first_o be_v time_o 1._o and_o because_o the_o escheator_n and_o their_o under-officer_n use_v to_o serve_v themselves_o out_o of_o the_o estate_n of_o minor_n before_o they_o certify_v to_o the_o king_n his_o right_n and_o those_o be_v not_o within_o the_o law_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la 18._o or_o at_o least_o not_o so_o repute_v it_o be_v therefore_o afterward_o provide_v that_o these_o also_o shall_v render_v damage_n in_o a_o writ_n of_o waste_a to_o be_v bring_v against_o they_o the_o marriage_n of_o ward_n shall_v be_v without_o disparagement_n 7._o it_o be_v a_o ancient_a law_n among_o the_o german_n germ._n and_o the_o saxon_n bring_v it_o hither_o and_o as_o a_o law_n settle_v it_o that_o marriage_n must_v be_v among_o equal_n charta_fw-la but_o this_o the_o dane_n and_o norman_n slight_v and_o yet_o it_o continue_v and_o be_v revive_v now_o as_o the_o lord_n have_v the_o tuition_n of_o the_o ward_n instead_o of_o the_o ancestor_n so_o have_v he_o the_o care_n of_o the_o marriage_n in_o such_o manner_n as_o the_o ancestor_n may_v have_v have_v if_o he_o have_v live_v for_o in_o case_n the_o ward_n be_v steal_v and_o marry_v the_o delinquent_n suffer_v fine_a and_o imprisonment_n or_o if_o the_o ward_n marry_v without_o the_o lord_n consent_n he_o shall_v have_v the_o double_a value_n and_o hold_v the_o land_n over_o till_o satisfaction_n 6._o but_o in_o case_n the_o lord_n marry_v the_o ward_n within_o fourteen_o year_n of_o age_n to_o its_o disparagement_n he_o shall_v lose_v his_o wardship_n thereby_o 7._o and_o if_o the_o ward_n refuse_v to_o accept_v of_o a_o marriage_n tender_v by_o the_o lord_n before_o her_o age_n of_o sixteen_o year_n 22._o the_o lord_n shall_v hold_v the_o land_n till_o he_o have_v receive_v the_o full_a value_n and_o in_o case_n where_o one_o tenant_n hold_v of_o divers_a lord_n the_o lord_n by_o priority_n shall_v have_v the_o marriage_n these_o law_n be_v in_o use_n during_o the_o reign_n of_o those_o king_n 16._o although_o it_o can_v be_v certain_o conclude_v hereby_o that_o the_o wife_n portion_n proper_o belong_v to_o the_o lord_n as_o for_o his_o own_o benefit_n partly_o because_o the_o female-ward_n shall_v have_v no_o advancement_n if_o it_o belong_v to_o the_o lord_n and_o partly_o because_o this_o forfeiture_n be_v give_v to_o the_o lord_n in_o nature_n of_o a_o penalty_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o frame_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o merton_n widow_n shall_v have_v their_o dower_n 8._o inheritance_n their_o inheritance_n which_o they_o have_v joint_o with_o their_o husband_n 2._o their_o marriage_n free_o and_o their_o quarentine_n 4._o with_o due_a regard_n of_o the_o opinion_n of_o other_o i_o shall_v propound_v my_o own_o it_o seem_v to_o i_o that_o the_o king_n be_v within_o this_o law_n as_o well_o as_o within_o the_o former_a law_n of_o the_o norman_n and_o those_o of_o henry_n the_o second_o that_o be_v of_o this_o kind_n and_o as_o he_o be_v within_o the_o compass_n of_o every_o law_n of_o this_o charter_n and_o that_o it_o be_v call_v the_o grand_a charter_n as_o most_o immediate_o come_v from_o the_o king_n to_o the_o people_n and_o not_o from_o the_o lord_n nor_o be_v there_o any_o ground_n that_o the_o law_n shall_v intend_v to_o give_v liberty_n to_o widow_n of_o ward_n belong_v to_o inferior_a lord_n to_o marry_v who_o they_o will_v and_o that_o only_o the_o king_n widow_n shall_v be_v bind_v nor_o do_v this_o suit_n with_o the_o contest_v between_o the_o baron_n and_o the_o king_n that_o their_o widow_n shall_v be_v bind_v unto_o the_o king_n charta_fw-la and_o the_o widow_n of_o their_o tenant_n discharge_v from_o their_o tuition_n and_o therefore_o i_o conceive_v by_o the_o word_n maritagium_fw-la be_v not_o mean_v liberty_n of_o marriage_n but_o her_o marriage-portion_n or_o rationabilis_fw-la pars_fw-la according_a to_o the_o forego_n law_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o and_o henry_n the_o second_o and_o the_o saxon_a custom_n but_o as_o touch_v the_o liberty_n of_o marriage_n it_o be_v define_v and_o express_v 12._o that_o the_o widow_n shall_v not_o be_v compel_v to_o marry_v nevertheless_o if_o they_o shall_v marry_v they_o must_v marry_v with_o the_o lord_n like_n otherwise_o he_o may_v have_v a_o enemy_n to_o be_v his_o tenant_n that_o may_v instead_o of_o homage_n and_o service_n prove_v traitor_n and_o be_v his_o ruin_n last_o touch_v the_o widow_n dwelling_n the_o law_n think_v it_o unreasonable_a that_o she_o shall_v immediate_o after_o the_o death_n of_o her_o husband_n be_v expose_v to_o be_v harbourless_o and_o therefore_o ordain_v that_o she_o may_v continue_v in_o her_o husband_n house_n forty_o day_n if_o it_o be_v not_o a_o castle_n and_o then_o she_o be_v to_o have_v another_o dwelling_n assign_v to_o she_o because_o by_o common_a intendment_n she_o be_v not_o suppose_v to_o be_v a_o person_n meet_v to_o defend_v a_o castle_n and_o this_o be_v call_v her_o quarentine_n which_o i_o meet_v not_o with_o among_o the_o saxon_a law_n and_o therefore_o suppose_v it_o to_o be_v of_o norman_a original_a no_o man_n land_n shall_v be_v seize_v for_o debt_n to_o the_o king_n so_o long_o as_o the_o personal_a estate_n will_v satisfy_v 10._o nor_o shall_v his_o pledge_n be_v trouble_v so_o long_o as_o the_o principal_a be_v sufficient_a unless_o he_o refuse_v to_o satisfy_v and_o then_o the_o pledge_n shall_v recover_v in_o value_n the_o first_o part_n hereof_o be_v the_o issue_n of_o the_o law_n concern_v elegit_fw-la former_o observe_v in_o the_o saxon_a time_n for_o the_o regard_n of_o law_n principal_o extend_v unto_o the_o person_n next_o unto_o the_o freehold_n and_o last_o unto_o the_o good_n the_o latter_a part_n of_o this_o law_n be_v the_o law_n of_o pledge_n or_o decenner_n in_o the_o same_o time_n unto_o which_o the_o reader_n may_v resort_v for_o further_a light_n herein_o the_o city_n of_o london_n 11._o and_o other_o city_n burrough_n and_o town_n and_o the_o cinque-port_n and_o other_o port_n shall_v enjoy_v their_o ancient_a liberty_n the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o the_o member_n thereof_o herein_o express_v have_v all_o their_o liberty_n save_v from_o the_o dint_n of_o conquest_n by_o the_o law_n of_o william_n the_o first_o char._n upon_o which_o although_o some_o of_o the_o succeed_a king_n do_v invade_v yet_o none_o of_o they_o make_v any_o absolute_a disseisin_n 192._o although_o disturbance_n in_o some_o particular_n but_o king_n john_n do_v not_o only_o confirm_v they_o by_o his_o grand_a charter_n but_o by_o particular_a charter_n to_o each_o corporation_n with_o some_o enlargement_n and_o in_o his_o grand_a charter_n insert_v one_o clause_n which_o in_o the_o grand_a charter_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o appear_v not_o which_o thus_o ensue_v et_fw-la ad_fw-la habendum_fw-la commune_v concilium_fw-la regni_fw-la de_fw-la auxiliis_fw-la assidendis_fw-la aliter_fw-la quam_fw-la in_o tribus_fw-la casibus_fw-la praedictis_fw-la which_o if_o the_o barbarism_n of_o the_o latin_a mislead_v i_o not_o be_v thus_o in_o english_a and_o to_o have_v right_a of_o common-council_n or_o to_o be_v of_o the_o common-council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o the_o assess_n of_o aid_n other_o than_o in_o three_o case_n aforesaid_a viz._n for_o
redemption_n of_o their_o captive_a king_n for_o knight_v of_o the_o king_n son_n and_o for_o his_o daughter_n marriage_n because_o these_o three_o may_v be_v due_a by_o the_o common-law_n the_o two_o latter_a by_o custom_n the_o former_a by_o common_a right_n although_o mention_v from_o the_o late_a disaster_n of_o king_n richard_n which_o king_n john_n may_v with_o shame_n enough_o remember_v and_o expect_v the_o same_o measure_n from_o the_o censure_n of_o a_o unquiet_a conscience_n i_o shall_v not_o enter_v into_o debate_n concern_v the_o omission_n hereof_o in_o the_o late_a charter_n possible_o it_o may_v seem_v a_o tautology_n nor_o concern_v the_o restriction_n as_o if_o it_o do_v imply_v that_o the_o burgess_n have_v vote_n only_o in_o case_n of_o general_a assessment_n but_o shall_v leave_v it_o to_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o reader_n no_o distress_n shall_v be_v take_v for_o great_a service_n or_o other_o matter_n than_o be_v due_a 12._o distress_n be_v in_o nature_n no_o other_o than_o a_o summons_n in_o act_n or_o the_o bring_n of_o a_o man_n to_o answer_v by_o seizure_n of_o part_n of_o his_o good_n and_o it_o be_v use_v by_o the_o saxon_n as_o have_v be_v show_v and_o because_o the_o rich_a man_n under_o colour_n of_o seek_v their_o right_n many_o time_n seek_v for_o wrong_n and_o though_o they_o can_v not_o prevail_v in_o the_o issue_n yet_o prevail_v so_o far_o that_o the_o defendant_n can_v not_o escape_v without_o charge_n and_o hindrance_n therefore_o the_o law_n provide_v a_o writ_n of_o remedy_n against_o unjust_a vexation_n 9_o which_o glanvil_n remember_v we_o of_o char._n and_o yet_o because_o that_o remedy_n also_o carry_v with_o it_o matter_n of_o charge_n and_o disturbance_n to_o the_o plaintiff_n and_o so_o the_o remedy_n may_v be_v worse_o than_o the_o disease_n therefore_o the_o law_n define_v distress_n by_o circumstance_n of_o person_n matter_n time_n and_o place_n under_o penalty_n of_o fine_a and_o amercement_n 1._o beside_o the_o recompense_n to_o the_o party_n first_o it_o must_v not_o be_v take_v 8._o but_o by_o leave_n from_o the_o king_n court_n unless_o in_o case_n of_o matter_n due_a by_o common_a right_n and_o upon_o complaint_n make_v by_o the_o plaintiff_n the_o king_n send_v out_o a_o summons_n in_o this_o manner_n 215._o henricus_fw-la rex_fw-la ang._n hominibus_fw-la abbatis_fw-la de_fw-fr ramsey_n salutem_fw-la precipio_fw-la quod_fw-la cito_fw-la &_o just_a reddatis_fw-la abbati_n domino_fw-la vestro_fw-la quicquid_fw-la ei_fw-la debetis_fw-la in_o censu_fw-la &_o firma_fw-la &_o debitis_fw-la &_o placitis_fw-la quod_fw-la si_fw-la nolueritis_fw-la ipse_fw-la vos_fw-la inde_fw-la constringat_fw-la per_fw-la pecuniam_fw-la vestram_fw-la and_o in_o all_o case_n of_o matter_n due_a by_o common_a right_n the_o distress_n never_o be_v do_v in_o a_o arbitrary_a way_n 15._o but_o by_o judicial_a act_n in_o the_o lord_n court._n second_o no_o distress_n for_o suit_n shall_v be_v make_v out_o of_o the_o fee_n nor_o against_o any_o person_n but_o such_o as_o be_v of_o that_o fee._n nor_o shall_v any_o distress_n be_v make_v in_o the_o king_n highway_n or_o open_a street_n but_o by_o the_o king_n officer_n and_o special_a writ_n because_o distress_n be_v incident_a to_o service_n and_o that_o be_v due_a as_o from_o the_o fee_n and_o therefore_o by_o common_a right_n the_o same_o must_v be_v recover_v from_o the_o fee_n and_o such_o as_o owe_v service_n in_o the_o same_o but_o the_o highway_n or_o open_a street_n be_v more_o proper_o a_o franchise_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n although_o the_o soil_n haply_o may_v be_v the_o lord_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v a_o old_a law_n that_o they_o shall_v be_v under_o the_o king_n safeguard_n inae_fw-la sit_fw-la pax_fw-la publica_fw-la per_fw-la commune_v vias_fw-la and_o no_o violence_n must_v be_v there_o tolerate_v but_o by_o the_o king_n be_v special_a writ_n which_o presuppose_v the_o especial_a notice_n take_v by_o the_o king_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o occasion_n a_o moderation_n also_o must_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o take_n of_o the_o distress_n for_o it_o must_v not_o be_v excessive_a and_o also_o in_o keep_v thereof_o for_o if_o the_o owner_n will_v he_o may_v replevy_v the_o same_o 12._o according_a to_o the_o ancient_a course_n and_o the_o sheriff_n must_v grant_v replevy_n if_o it_o be_v demand_v although_o former_o no_o replevy_n be_v without_o special_a writ_n and_o yet_o that_o also_o not_o always_o ready_o obey_v for_o the_o time_n be_v such_o as_o the_o lord_n be_v bold_a with_o the_o king_n court_n and_o minister_n and_o refuse_v the_o order_n of_o the_o law._n now_o in_o such_o case_n wherein_o the_o matter_n concern_v contempt_n of_o the_o king_n authority_n chart._n a_o fine_a be_v set_v upon_o the_o offender_n but_o in_o case_n it_o concern_v only_o a_o tort_n do_v to_o the_o party_n he_o be_v amerce_v the_o one_o be_v call_v redemption_n because_o the_o penalty_n otherwise_o must_v lie_v upon_o the_o person_n if_o it_o be_v not_o redeem_v by_o pecuniary_a fine_a the_o other_o be_v call_v amercement_n 3_o which_o be_v original_o a_o satisfaction_n unto_o the_o party_n wrong_v by_o recompense_n out_o of_o the_o personal_a estate_n of_o the_o delinquent_n three_o as_o touch_v the_o matter_n of_o the_o distress_n it_o must_v not_o be_v of_o plough_n beast_n or_o sheep_n 12._o unless_o in_o case_n of_o damage_n fesant_n if_o other_o distress_n may_v be_v have_v for_o the_o law_n have_v a_o care_n of_o such_o cattle_n as_o be_v most_o of_o public_a concernment_n and_o which_o be_v the_o main_a stock_n of_o subsistence_n so_o far_o as_o justice_n will_v allow_v and_o therefore_o the_o unjust_a take_n of_o any_o man_n cattle_n by_o any_o person_n whatsoever_o be_v liable_a to_o the_o same_o penalty_n that_o unjust_a distress_n be_v 16._o four_o concern_v the_o use_n of_o the_o distress_n it_o must_v not_o be_v sell_v no_o not_o in_o the_o king_n case_n till_o fifteen_o day_n be_v past_a after_o it_o be_v take_v nor_o must_v it_o be_v carry_v out_o of_o the_o county_n scac._n but_o it_o must_v be_v so_o impound_v as_o the_o owner_n may_v come_v to_o feed_v it_o and_o it_o must_v be_v discharge_v if_o the_o owner_n give_v security_n of_o satisfaction_n before_o the_o return_n of_o the_o writ_n 12._o five_o the_o intent_n of_o the_o distress_n must_v be_v that_o which_o be_v just_a and_o therefore_o not_o for_o other_o suit_n than_o by_o the_o feoffment_n be_v due_a or_o else_o by_o prescription_n and_o in_o case_n many_o be_v joint_o seize_v 9_o the_o suit_n shall_v be_v by_o one_o and_o the_o rest_n shall_v contribute_v nor_o must_v any_o man_n be_v compel_v to_o show_v his_o title_n to_o his_o land_n by_o distress_n 22._o the_o common-plea_n shall_v be_v hold_v in_o one_o certain_a place_n 13._o the_o office_n of_o judge_n of_o the_o common-plea_n be_v in_o my_o opinion_n distinct_a and_o several_a from_o that_o of_o the_o crown-plea_n nor_o though_o one_o and_o the_o same_o man_n may_v execute_v both_o authority_n do_v it_o therefore_o follow_v that_o it_o be_v by_o one_o and_o the_o same_o power_n as_o if_o be_v judge_n he_o have_v thereby_o power_n in_o all_o matter_n of_o the_o common-plea_n and_o also_o of_o the_o crown_n for_o though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o bracton_n say_v nostri_fw-la the_o king_n have_v one_o proper_a court_n wherein_o be_v the_o chief_a judge_n which_o both_o by_o his_o own_o testimony_n and_o briton_n also_o do_v hear_v and_o determine_v cause_n of_o all_o sort_n yet_o be_v it_o true_a also_o that_o it_o be_v by_o appeal_n or_o write_v of_o error_n as_o in_o case_n of_o false_a judgement_n and_o that_o the_o king_n have_v plures_fw-la curias_fw-la 20._o which_o doubtless_o have_v their_o proper_a work_n and_o in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o second_o it_o be_v clear_a that_o six_o be_v especial_o assign_v for_o the_o common-plea_n throughout_o the_o whole_a realm_n and_o yet_o by_o another_o especial_a commission_n or_o letters-patent_n the_o same_o man_n may_v also_o have_v power_n to_o determine_v matter_n of_o the_o crown_n as_o at_o this_o day_n in_o their_o several_a circuit_n this_o law_n therefore_o do_v not_o as_o i_o conceive_v work_v any_o alteration_n but_o only_o in_o this_o that_o whereas_o former_o the_o judge_n of_o common-plea_n attend_v on_o the_o king_n court_n continual_o as_o all_o other_o judge_n do_v and_o whither_o the_o king_n remove_v they_o do_v the_o like_a which_o be_v a_o great_a uncertainty_n and_o grievance_n unto_o the_o commons_o henceforth_o they_o be_v fix_v to_o a_o certain_a place_n assize_n of_o novel_a disseisin_n and_o mortdancester_n shall_v be_v determine_v in_o the_o proper_a county_n only_o 14._o and_o by_o the_o justice_n itinerant_a send_v by_o the_o king_n or_o his_o chief_a justice_n the_o law_n be_v so_o declare_v in_o henry_n the_o second_o be_v
legem_fw-la apparentem_fw-la se_fw-la purgare_fw-la nisi_fw-la prius_fw-la convictus_fw-la fuerit_fw-la vel_fw-la confessus_fw-la in_o curia_fw-la and_o therefore_o no_o man_n ought_v to_o be_v urge_v upon_o such_o difficulty_n unless_o by_o the_o express_a law_n of_o the_o land_n the_o old_a way_n of_o trial_n be_v first_o to_o bring_v in_o a_o complaint_n and_o witness_n ready_a to_o maintain_v the_o same_o and_o therefore_o both_o appeal_n and_o action_n then_o use_v to_o conclude_v their_o plea_n with_o the_o name_n of_o witness_n subjoin_v which_o at_o this_o day_n be_v imply_v in_o those_o general_a word_n in_o their_o conclusion_n et_fw-la inde_fw-la producit_fw-la sectam_fw-la svam_fw-la that_o be_v he_o bring_v his_o sect_n or_o suit_n hengham_n or_o such_o as_o do_v follow_v or_o affirm_v his_o complaint_n as_o another_o part_n also_o be_v imply_v in_o those_o word_n et_fw-la hoc_fw-la paratus_fw-la est_fw-la verificare_fw-la for_o if_o the_o plaintiff_n sect_n or_o suit_n of_o witness_n do_v not_o full_o prove_v the_o matter_n in_o fact_n the_o defendant_n averment_n be_v make_v good_a by_o his_o own_o oath_n and_o the_o oath_n of_o twelve_o man_n and_o so_o the_o trial_n be_v conclude_v no_o freeman_n shall_v be_v imprison_v or_o disseise_v of_o his_o freehold_a or_o liberties_n 31._o outlaw_v or_o banish_v or_o invade_v but_o by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n and_o judgement_n of_o his_o peer_n nor_o shall_v justice_n be_v sell_v delay_v or_o deny_v this_o be_v a_o comprehensive_a law_n and_o make_v up_o of_o many_o saxon_a law_n or_o rather_o a_o enforcement_n of_o all_o law_n and_o a_o remedy_n against_o oppression_n past_a present_a and_o to_o come_v and_o concern_v first_o the_o person_n than_o his_o livelihood_n as_o touch_v the_o person_n his_o life_n and_o his_o liberty_n his_o life_n shall_v be_v under_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o law_n and_o his_o liberty_n likewise_o so_o as_o he_o shall_v be_v shut_v into_o no_o place_n by_o imprisonment_n nor_o out_o of_o any_o place_n by_o banishment_n but_o shall_v have_v liberty_n of_o ingress_n and_o egress_n his_o estate_n both_o real_a and_o personal_a shall_v also_o be_v under_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o law_n and_o the_o law_n also_o shall_v be_v free_a neither_o deny_v nor_o delay_v i_o think_v it_o needless_a to_o show_v how_o this_o be_v no_o new_a law_n but_o a_o confirmation_n of_o the_o old_a and_o reparation_n add_v thereto_o be_v much_o impair_v by_o stormy_a time_n for_o the_o sum_n of_o all_o the_o forego_n discourse_n tend_v thereto_o merchant_n shall_v have_v free_a and_o safe_a passage_n 32._o and_o trade_n without_o unjust_a tax_n as_o by_o ancient_a custom_n they_o ought_v in_o time_n of_o war_n such_o as_o be_v of_o the_o enemy_n country_n shall_v be_v secure_v till_o it_o appear_v how_o the_o english_a merchant_n be_v use_v in_o their_o country_n that_o this_o be_v a_o ancient_a law_n the_o word_n thereof_o show_v beside_o what_o may_v be_v observe_v out_o of_o the_o law_n of_o aetheldred_n and_o other_o saxon_a law_n so_o as_o it_o appear_v that_o not_o only_o the_o english_a freeman_n and_o native_n have_v their_o liberty_n assert_v by_o the_o law_n but_o also_o foreigner_n if_o merchant_n have_v the_o like_a liberty_n for_o their_o person_n and_o good_n concern_v trade_n and_o maintenance_n of_o the_o same_o and_o be_v hereby_o enable_v to_o enjoy_v their_o own_o under_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o law_n as_o the_o freeman_n have_v and_o unto_o this_o law_n the_o charter_n of_o king_n john_n add_v this_o ensue_a it_o shall_v be_v lawful_a for_o every_o freeman_n to_o pass_v free_o to_o and_o from_o this_o kingdom_n save_v fealty_n to_o the_o king_n unless_o in_o time_n of_o war_n and_o then_o also_o for_o a_o short_a space_n as_o may_v be_v for_o the_o common_a good_a except_v prisoner_n outlaws_z and_o those_o countryman_n that_o be_v in_o enmity_n and_o merchant_n who_o shall_v be_v deal_v with_o as_o aforesaid_a and_o it_o seem_v that_o this_o law_n of_o free_a passage_n out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v not_o ancient_o fundamental_a but_o only_o ground_v upon_o reason_n of_o state_n although_o the_o freeman_n have_v liberty_n of_o free_a passage_n within_o the_o kingdom_n according_a to_o that_o original_a law_n sit_fw-la pax_fw-la publica_fw-la per_fw-la commune_v vias_fw-la and_o for_o that_o cause_n as_o i_o suppose_v it_o be_v whole_o omit_v in_o the_o charter_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o as_o be_v also_o another_o law_n concern_v the_o jew_n which_o because_o it_o leave_v a_o influence_n behind_o it_o after_o the_o jew_n be_v extinct_a in_o this_o nation_n and_o which_o continue_v even_o unto_o this_o day_n i_o shall_v insert_v it_o in_o this_o short_a sum_n after_o death_n of_o the_o jew_n debtor_n no_o usury_n shall_v be_v pay_v during_o the_o minority_n of_o the_o heir_n though_o the_o debt_n shall_v come_v into_o the_o king_n hand_n and_o the_o debt_n shall_v be_v pay_v save_v to_o the_o wife_n her_o dower_n and_o maintenance_n for_o the_o child_n according_a to_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o debtor_n land_n and_o save_v the_o lord_n service_n and_o in_o like_a manner_n of_o debt_n to_o other_o the_o whole_a doctrine_n of_o usury_n fall_v under_o the_o title_n of_o jew_n for_o it_o seem_v it_o be_v their_o trade_n and_o their_o proper_a trade_n hitherto_o it_o be_v first_o that_o i_o meet_v with_o 299._o forbid_v at_o a_o legatine_n council_n nigh_o 300_o year_n before_o the_o norman_n time_n but_o by_o the_o confessor_n law_n it_o be_v make_v penal_a to_o christian_n to_o the_o forfeiture_n of_o estate_n and_o banishment_n and_o therefore_o the_o jew_n and_o all_o their_o substance_n be_v hold_v to_o be_v in_o nature_n of_o the_o king_n villain_n as_o touch_v their_o estate_n 16._o for_o they_o can_v get_v nothing_o but_o be_v at_o his_o mercy_n and_o king_n do_v suffer_v they_o to_o continue_v this_o trade_n for_o their_o own_o benefit_n yet_o they_o do_v regulate_v it_o as_o touch_v infant_n as_o by_o this_o law_n of_o king_n john_n 5._o and_o the_o statute_n at_o merton_n do_v appear_v but_o henry_n the_o three_o do_v not_o put_v it_o into_o his_o charter_n as_o i_o think_v because_o it_o be_v no_o liberty_n of_o the_o subject_n 1._o but_o rather_o a_o prejudice_n thereto_o and_o therefore_o edward_n the_o first_o whole_o take_v it_o away_o by_o a_o statute_n make_v in_o his_o time_n and_o thereby_o abolish_v the_o jew_n tenant_n land_n 33._o hold_v of_o land_n escheat_v to_o the_o king_n shall_v hold_v by_o the_o same_o service_n as_o former_o in_o all_o alienation_n of_o land_n 34._o sufficient_a shall_v be_v leave_v for_o the_o lord_n distress_n submit_v to_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o learned_a 7._o i_o conceive_v that_o as_o well_o in_o the_o saxon_a time_n as_o until_o this_o law_n any_o tenant_n may_v alien_n only_a part_n of_o his_o land_n and_o reserve_v the_o service_n to_o the_o alienor_fw-la because_o he_o can_v not_o reserve_v service_n upon_o such_o alienation_n unto_o the_o lord_n paramount_n other_o than_o be_v former_o due_a to_o he_o without_o the_o lord_n consent_n and_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n can_v they_o not_o alien_a the_o whole_a tenancy_n to_o bind_v the_o lord_n without_o his_o express_a licence_n save_v the_o opinion_n in_o the_o book_n of_o assize_n because_o no_o tenant_n can_v be_v enforce_v upon_o any_o lord_n 17._o lest_o he_o may_v be_v his_o enemy_n nevertheless_o it_o seem_v that_o de_fw-fr facto_fw-la tenant_n do_v usual_o alien_a their_o whole_a tenancy_n and_o although_o they_o can_v not_o thereby_o bar_v the_o lord_n right_a yet_o because_o the_o lord_n can_v not_o in_o such_o case_n have_v the_o distress_n of_o his_o own_o tenant_n this_o law_n save_v so_o much_o from_o alienation_n as_o may_v serve_v for_o security_n of_o the_o lord_n distress_n but_o tenant_n be_v not_o thus_o satisfy_v the_o lord_n will_v not_o part_v with_o their_o tenant_n although_o the_o tenant_n necessity_n be_v never_o so_o urgent_a upon_o they_o to_o sell_v their_o land_n and_o therefore_o at_o length_n they_o prevail_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o quia_fw-la emptores_fw-la to_o have_v power_n to_o sell_v all_o 1._o save_v to_o the_o lord_n their_o service_n former_o due_a and_o thus_o the_o lord_n be_v necessitate_v to_o grant_v licenses_fw-la of_o alienation_n to_o such_o as_o the_o tenant_n can_v provide_v to_o buy_v their_o land_n nor_o be_v this_o so_o prejudicial_a to_o the_o lord_n in_o those_o day_n when_o the_o public_a quiet_n be_v settle_v as_o it_o will_v have_v be_v in_o former_a time_n of_o war_n whenas_o the_o lord_n right_a be_v maintain_v more_o by_o might_n and_o the_o aid_n of_o his_o tenant_n than_o by_o law_n which_o then_o be_v of_o little_a power_n the_o 35th_o chapter_n i_o have_v former_o mention_v in_o the_o chapter_n concern_v
espy_v the_o danger_n and_o how_o necessary_a it_o be_v for_o the_o people_n to_o be_v well_o arm_v in_o these_o time_n of_o general_a broil_n and_o upon_o that_o ground_n allow_v this_o law_n to_o pass_v that_o all_o such_o as_o have_v land_n worth_a 20_o l._n yearly_a beside_o reprizal_n shall_v be_v ready_a not_o to_o be_v knight_n nor_o under_o the_o favour_n of_o other_o be_v there_o any_o ancient_a precedent_n to_o warrant_v it_o but_o to_o find_v or_o to_o enter_v into_o the_o field_n with_o the_o arm_n of_o a_o knight_n or_o to_o provide_v some_o able_a person_n to_o serve_v in_o their_o stead_n unless_o they_o be_v under_o 21_o year_n of_o age_n and_o so_o not_o grow_v up_o to_o full_a strength_n of_o body_n nor_o their_o land_n in_o their_o own_o possession_n but_o in_o custody_n of_o their_o lord_n or_o guardian_n nevertheless_o of_o such_o as_o be_v grow_v to_o full_a age_n yet_o be_v maim_v impotent_a or_o of_o mean_a estate_n and_o tenant_n by_o service_n of_o a_o knight_n it_o be_v have_v into_o a_o way_n of_o moderation_n and_o order_v that_o such_o shall_v pay_v a_o reasonable_a fine_a for_o respite_n of_o such_o service_n nor_o further_o as_o concern_v 〈◊〉_d person_n be_v they_o bind_v but_o as_o touch_v such_o that_o be_v under_o present_a only_o and_o not_o perpetual_a disability_n of_o body_n upon_o they_o incumbent_n as_o often_o as_o occasion_v call_v they_o serve_v by_o their_o deputy_n or_o servant_n all_o which_o be_v ground_v not_o only_o upon_o the_o law_n of_o henry_n the_o second_o but_o also_o upon_o common_a right_n of_o tenure_n the_o arm_n that_o these_o man_n be_v to_o find_v be_v say_v to_o be_v those_o belong_v to_o a_o knight_n which_o be_v partly_o for_o defence_n and_o partly_o for_o offence_n of_o the_o first_o sort_n be_v the_o shield_n the_o helmet_n the_o hauberk_n or_o breastplate_n or_o coat_n of_o mail_n of_o the_o second_o sort_n be_v the_o sword_n and_o lance_n and_o unto_o all_o a_o horse_n must_v be_v 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the_o same_o i_o shall_v sum_v up_o all_o in_o this_o one_o conclusion_n if_o neither_o of_o these_o three_o have_v a_o absolute_a legislative_a power_n either_o in_o matter_n concern_v the_o church_n or_o commonwealth_n if_o no_o absolute_a jurisdiction_n in_o case_n either_o of_o life_n member_n or_o estate_n if_o they_o neither_o can_v create_v unite_v or_o alter_v any_o court_n either_o concern_v the_o trial_n and_o determine_v the_o estate_n of_o the_o people_n or_o their_o own_o revenue_n if_o not_o alter_v or_o make_v any_o new_a process_n in_o the_o court_n of_o law_n if_o not_o order_n common_a assurance_n of_o land_n or_o estate_n and_o last_o if_o they_o have_v no_o power_n in_o determine_v the_o last_o appeal_n and_o definitive_a sentence_n in_o matter_n of_o controversy_n but_o all_o must_v rest_v upon_o the_o sentence_n by_o parliament_n there_o must_v certain_o be_v find_v out_o a_o further_a
the_o church_n save_v to_o every_o one_o their_o proper_a debt_n and_o thus_o since_o the_o conquest_n the_o churchman_n encroach_v by_o degree_n unto_o a_o great_a power_n in_o matter_n testamentary_a i_o say_v by_o degree_n for_o as_o yet_o by_o this_o law_n it_o appear_v that_o they_o be_v but_o overseer_n or_o eye-witness_n for_o as_o yet_o right_a of_o order_v or_o dispose_v they_o have_v none_o as_o may_v appear_v in_o that_o case_n of_o a_o bastard_n die_v without_o issue_n and_o intestate_a 16._o the_o lord_n shall_v have_v his_o personal_a estate_n and_o in_o all_o case_n the_o executor_n have_v then_o nothing_o but_o bare_a asset_n and_o the_o overplus_n be_v assign_v between_o the_o wife_n and_o child_n according_a to_o their_o reasonable_a part_n or_o if_o the_o party_n die_v intestate_a the_o next_o friend_n do_v administer_v pay_v the_o debt_n and_o make_v dividend_n of_o the_o overplus_n into_o the_o reasonable_a part_n according_a to_o the_o ancient_a saxon_a custom_n still_o continue_v 33._o nor_o do_v the_o testimony_n cite_v out_o of_o bracton_n prove_v any_o other_o than_o that_o the_o ancestor_n have_v free_a power_n to_o order_v his_o estate_n as_o he_o please_v and_o that_o the_o child_n shall_v have_v no_o more_o than_o be_v leave_v unto_o they_o by_o their_o ancestor_n either_o in_o his_o will_n or_o in_o case_n of_o die_v intestate_a by_o the_o custom_n or_o law_n which_o be_v and_o ever_o be_v the_o rationabilis_fw-la pars_fw-la no_o purveyance_n for_o any_o castle_n out_o of_o the_o same_o town_n where_o the_o castle_n be_v 21._o but_o present_a satisfaction_n must_v be_v make_v and_o if_o in_o the_o same_o town_n satisfaction_n must_v be_v make_v within_o forty_o day_n purveyance_n be_v ancient_a provision_n for_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o public_a and_o so_o far_o be_v commendable_a see_v it_o be_v not_o the_o common_a case_n of_o all_o man_n to_o regard_v the_o public_a above_o their_o own_o private_a interest_n therefore_o the_o public_a must_v provide_v for_o itself_o by_o their_o mean_n in_o who_o the_o public_a be_v most_o concern_v and_o this_o be_v in_o those_o elder_a time_n but_o in_o two_o case_n viz._n of_o king_n and_o castle_n in_o the_o one_o of_o which_o the_o government_n be_v principal_o concern_v in_o the_o other_o the_o public_a defence_n for_o it_o may_v be_v well_o conjecture_v that_o castle_n be_v either_o first_o make_v in_o place_n commodious_a for_o habitation_n and_o great_a town_n gather_v to_o they_o for_o their_o better_a safety_n or_o that_o the_o town_n be_v first_o gather_v in_o place_n of_o commodious_a habitation_n and_o then_o castle_n be_v make_v for_o their_o better_a defence_n or_o if_o they_o be_v impose_v upon_o they_o by_o the_o victor_n to_o keep_v they_o in_o awe_n they_o be_v nevertheless_o by_o continuance_n together_o become_v tractable_a and_o conspire_v for_o the_o mutual_a defence_n of_o each_o other_o but_o as_o touch_v such_o citadel_n or_o castle_n that_o be_v set_v in_o solitary_a place_n they_o may_v seem_v rather_o first_o intend_v for_o the_o particular_a defence_n of_o some_o particular_a man_n and_o his_o family_n and_o neighbour_a tenant_n and_o therefore_o in_o the_o purveyance_n for_o castle_n it_o seem_v the_o proper_a town_n wherein_o it_o be_v principal_o liable_a to_o that_o duty_n because_o their_o safety_n be_v more_o principal_o interest_v and_o therefore_o prize_v there_o take_v may_v be_v pay_v at_o a_o day_n to_o come_v but_o in_o all_o other_o place_n immediate_o nevertheless_o this_o last_v not_o long_o for_o the_o soldier_n find_v out_o a_o trick_n of_o favour_v their_o own_o quarter_n and_o preserve_v they_o in_o heart_n against_o a_o back_n winter_n know_v that_o at_o such_o time_n it_o be_v better_a to_o seek_v for_o provision_n nigh_o than_o to_o be_v compel_v to_o seek_v far_o off_o but_o this_o stratagem_n be_v cut_v off_o by_o the_o next_o king_n who_o inhibit_v all_o manner_n of_o purveyance_n in_o any_o other_o town_n 7._o than_o in_o the_o same_o town_n wherein_o the_o castle_n be_v seat_v this_o be_v a_o charge_n that_o be_v but_o temporary_a and_o occasional_a that_o which_o be_v more_o last_a and_o burdensome_a upon_o the_o subject_n be_v purveyance_n for_o the_o king_n which_o nevertheless_o can_v be_v avoid_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o greatness_n of_o his_o retinue_n especial_o in_o those_o day_n and_o if_o they_o shall_v have_v their_o resort_n to_o the_o market_n the_o same_o can_v not_o be_v free_a to_o the_o people_n for_o that_o the_o first_o service_n must_v be_v for_o the_o king_n household_n and_o so_o what_o scrap_n will_v be_v leave_v for_o the_o commons_o 2._o no_o man_n can_v tell_v it_o be_v therefore_o necessary_a for_o the_o king_n family_n to_o be_v maintain_v by_o purveyance_n and_o to_o avoid_v the_o many_o inconvenience_n which_o may_v and_o do_v arise_v in_o those_o spoil_v time_n it_o be_v ordain_v 1._o that_o it_o shall_v be_v felony_n for_o any_o purveyor_n to_o purvey_v without_o warrant_n 2._o that_o none_o but_o the_o king_n purveyor_n must_v purvey_v for_o the_o king_n house_n and_o that_o he_o must_v purvey_v only_o for_o the_o king_n house_n and_o to_o purvey_v no_o more_o than_o be_v necessary_a and_o to_o pay_v for_o the_o thing_n they_o take_v and_o because_o king_n be_v oftentimes_o necessitate_v for_o removal_n from_o place_n to_o place_n purveyance_n of_o carriage_n be_v also_o allow_v 32._o and_o in_o case_n the_o subject_n be_v grieve_v either_o by_o more_o purveyance_n than_o be_v necessary_a or_o by_o nonpayment_n for_o the_o commodity_n so_o take_v or_o with_o composition_n for_o the_o king_n debt_n for_o such_o purveyance_n the_o offender_n be_v liable_a to_o fine_a and_o imprisonment_n 2._o or_o if_o they_o be_v grieve_v by_o purveyor_n without_o warrant_n the_o offender_n be_v to_o be_v proceed_v against_o as_o in_o case_n of_o felony_n he_o that_o serve_v in_o castleguard_n 22._o be_v not_o liable_a to_o payment_n of_o rent_n for_o that_o service_n nor_o be_v be_v compellable_n to_o either_o so_o long_o as_o be_v be_v in_o the_o service_n in_o the_o army_n by_o the_o ancient_a custom_n none_o but_o a_o knight_n may_v be_v charge_v with_o the_o guard_n of_o a_o castle_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n for_o the_o letter_n of_o this_o law_n mention_v only_o such_o and_o therefore_o to_o hold_v by_o castleguard_n be_v a_o tenure_n in_o knight-service_n and_o it_o seem_v that_o rent_n for_o castleguard_n original_o be_v consistent_a with_o knight-service_n and_o that_o it_o be_v not_o annual_a but_o promiscuous_o knight_n may_v either_o perform_v the_o service_n or_o pay_v rend_v in_o lieu_n thereof_o and_o upon_o occasion_n do_v neither_o if_o the_o king_n send_v they_o into_o the_o field_n and_o last_o that_o a_o knight_n may_v either_o do_v the_o service_n in_o his_o own_o person_n or_o by_o his_o esquire_n or_o another_o appoint_v by_o he_o thereto_o no_o knight_n nor_o lord_n nor_o churchmen_n carriage_n nor_o no_o man_n wood_n shall_v be_v take_v against_o the_o owner_n consent_n nor_o shall_v any_o man_n carriage_n be_v take_v 23._o if_o he_o will_v pay_v the_o hire_n limit_v by_o the_o law._n churchman_n be_v exempt_v from_o charge_n to_o the_o king_n carriage_n mere_o in_o favour_n to_o the_o canon_n which_o exempt_v the_o good_n of_o the_o clergy_n from_o such_o lay-service_n nevertheless_o the_o complaint_n of_o the_o clergy_n former_o mention_v show_v that_o this_o be_v not_o due_o observe_v knight_n and_o lord_n be_v discharge_v not_o only_o for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o their_o port_n but_o more_o principal_o because_o they_o be_v public_a servant_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o time_n of_o war_n and_o the_o kingdom_n be_v then_o equal_o serve_v by_o themselves_o and_o their_o equipage_n and_o their_o carriage_n as_o a_o necessary_a assistant_n thereunto_o the_o king_n shall_v have_v no_o more_o profit_n of_o felon_n land_n than_o the_o year_n and_o a_o day_n 24._o and_o the_o lord_n be_v to_o have_v the_o remainder_n ancient_o the_o lord_n have_v all_o the_o estate_n of_o felon_n be_v their_o tenant_n and_o the_o king_n have_v only_o a_o prerogative_n to_o waste_v they_o 2._o as_o a_o penalty_n or_o part_v thereof_o but_o afterward_o the_o lord_n by_o agreement_n yield_v unto_o the_o king_n the_o year_n and_o a_o day_n profit_n to_o save_v the_o land_n from_o spoil_n and_o in_o continuance_n of_o time_n the_o king_n have_v both_o the_o year_n and_o day_n and_o waste_v 137._o fugitive_n also_o be_v in_o the_o same_o case_n viz._n 16._o such_o as_o desert_v their_o country_n either_o in_o time_n of_o need_n or_o such_o as_o flee_v from_o the_o trial_n of_o law_n in_o criminal_a case_n for_o in_o both_o case_n the_o saxon_n account_v they_o as_o common_a felon_n nevertheless_o the_o two_o custom_n of_o gloucester_n
and_o kent_n be_v save_v out_o of_o this_o law_n by_o the_o statute_n the_o first_o whereof_o save_v the_o land_n to_o the_o heir_n from_o the_o lord_n and_o the_o second_o save_v the_o same_o to_o the_o heir_n male_n or_o for_o want_n of_o such_o to_o the_o heir_n female_n and_o to_o the_o wife_n her_o moiety_n until_o she_o be_v espouse_v to_o another_o man_n 11._o unless_o she_o shall_v forfeit_v the_o same_o by_o fornication_n during_o her_o widowhood_n and_o by_o the_o same_o law_n also_o the_o king_n have_v all_o escheat_n of_o the_o tenant_n of_o archbishop_n and_o bishop_n during_o the_o vacancy_n as_o a_o perquisite_a but_o escheat_n of_o land_n and_o tenement_n in_o city_n or_o burrough_n the_o king_n have_v they_o in_o jure_fw-la coronae_fw-la of_o whosoever_o they_o be_v hold_v all_o wear_v shall_v be_v destroy_v 25._o but_o such_o as_o be_v by_o the_o sea-coast_n the_o lieutenant_n of_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n as_o it_o seem_v claim_v a_o lordship_n in_o the_o thames_n and_o by_o virtue_n thereof_o have_v all_o the_o wear_v to_o his_o own_o use_n as_o appear_v by_o a_o charter_n make_v to_o the_o city_n of_o london_n recite_v in_o the_o second_o institutes_n upon_o this_o law_n and_o this_o be_v to_o the_o detriment_n of_o the_o freeman_n especial_o of_o the_o city_n of_o london_n in_o regard_n that_o all_o freeman_n be_v to_o have_v right_a of_o free_a passage_n through_o river_n as_o well_o as_o through_o highway_n and_o purpresture_n in_o either_o be_v equal_o noxious_a to_o the_o common_a liberty_n and_o therefore_o that_o which_o be_v set_v down_o under_o the_o example_n or_o instance_n of_o the_o river_n of_o thames_n and_o medway_n contain_v all_o the_o river_n in_o england_n albeit_o that_o other_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n have_v not_o the_o like_a present_a regard_n as_o the_o city_n of_o london_n have_v the_o writ_n of_o praecipe_n in_o capite_fw-la shall_v not_o be_v grant_v of_o any_o freehold_a 26._o whereby_o a_o man_n may_v be_v in_o danger_n of_o lose_v his_o court_n thereby_o it_o seem_v that_o it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o oppression_n in_o those_o time_n that_o if_o a_o suit_n be_v commence_v in_o the_o inferior_a or_o lord_n court_n concern_v a_o freehold_a a_o writ_n of_o praecipe_n in_o capite_fw-la may_v be_v have_v upon_o a_o surmise_n that_o the_o freehold_n be_v hold_v in_o capite_fw-la which_o may_v prove_v a_o absolute_a destruction_n to_o the_o inferior_a court_n and_o be_v the_o spoil_n of_o the_o demandant_n case_n and_o therefore_o i_o think_v the_o charter_n of_o king_n john_n instead_o of_o the_o word_n court_n have_v the_o word_n cause_n there_o shall_v be_v but_o one_o know_v weight_n and_o measure_n 27._o and_o one_o breadth_n of_o clothes_n throughout_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n this_o law_n of_o weight_n and_o measure_n be_v ancient_o establish_v among_o the_o saxon_n 8._o as_o former_o have_v be_v show_v and_o continue_v in_o the_o norman_n time_n and_o confirm_v by_o richard_n the_o first_o and_o king_n john._n and_o as_o touch_v the_o measure_n of_o the_o breadth_n of_o clothes_n although_o it_o may_v seem_v to_o abridge_v the_o liberty_n of_o particular_a person_n yet_o because_o it_o be_v prejudicial_a to_o the_o common_a trade_n of_o the_o kingdom_n it_o be_v settle_v in_o this_o manner_n to_o avoid_v deceit_n and_o to_o establish_v a_o know_a price_n of_o clothes_n and_o it_o seem_v that_o wine_n be_v ordinary_o make_v in_o england_n as_o well_o as_o ale_n otherwise_o the_o measure_n of_o wine_n can_v not_o have_v be_v establish_v by_o a_o law_n in_o england_n if_o they_o have_v be_v altogether_o make_v in_o other_o country_n inquisition_n of_o life_n and_o member_n shall_v be_v ready_o grant_v without_o fees._n 28._o this_o be_v a_o law_n of_o latter_a original_n make_v to_o take_v away_o a_o norman_a oppression_n for_o by_o the_o saxon_a law_n as_o have_v be_v already_o note_v no_o man_n be_v imprison_v for_o crime_n not_o bailable_a beyond_o the_o next_o county-court_n or_o sheriff_n tear_v but_o when_o those_o rural_a court_n begin_v to_o lose_v their_o power_n and_o the_o king_n court_n to_o devour_v trial_n of_o that_o nature_n especial_o by_o the_o mean_n of_o the_o justice_n itinerant_a which_o be_v but_o rare_a and_o for_o divers_a year_n many_o time_n intermit_v during_o all_o which_o time_n suppose_a offender_n must_v lie_v in_o prison_n which_o be_v quite_o contrary_a to_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o free_a man_n among_o the_o saxon_n this_o occasion_v a_o new_a device_n to_o save_v the_o common_a liberty_n by_o special_a writ_n sue_v out_o by_o the_o party_n imprison_v or_o under_o bail_n suppose_v himself_o circumvent_v by_o hatred_n and_o malice_n and_o by_o the_o same_o direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n and_o other_o a_o inquisition_n be_v take_v and_o trial_n make_v of_o the_o offence_n whether_o he_o deserve_v loss_n of_o life_n or_o member_n and_o if_o it_o be_v find_v for_o the_o suppose_a offender_n he_o be_v bail_v till_o the_o next_o come_v of_o the_o justice_n and_o for_o this_o the_o writ_n be_v call_v the_o writ_n of_o inquisition_n of_o life_n or_o member_n and_o sometime_o the_o writ_n de_fw-fr odio_fw-la &_o atia_fw-la but_o these_o inquest_n be_v soon_o become_v degenerate_a and_o subject_a to_o much_o corruption_n and_o therefore_o as_o soon_o meet_v with_o a_o countercheck_n from_o the_o law_n or_o first_o rather_o a_o regulation_n 11._o for_o it_o be_v ordain_v that_o the_o inquest_n shall_v be_v choose_v upon_o oath_n and_o that_o two_o of_o the_o inquest_n at_o least_o shall_v be_v knight_n and_o those_o not_o interest_v in_o the_o cause_n 9_o but_o yet_o this_o can_v not_o rectify_v the_o matter_n for_o it_o seem_v so_o impossible_a to_o do_v justice_n and_o show_v mercy_n this_o way_n that_o the_o writ_n be_v at_o length_n take_v away_o and_o man_n leave_v to_o their_o lot_n till_o the_o come_n of_o justice_n itinerant_a but_o this_o can_v not_o be_v endure_v above_o seven_o year_n 29._o for_o though_o the_o king_n be_v a_o brave_a soldier_n and_o prosperous_a yet_o the_o people_n overcome_v he_o and_o recover_v their_o writ_n de_fw-fr odio_fw-la &_o atia_fw-la again_o lord_n shall_v have_v the_o wardship_n of_o their_o tenant_n heir_n 29._o although_o they_o hold_v also_o of_o the_o king_n in_o petit_fw-fr serjeanty_n socage_n burgage_n or_o fee-farm_n inferior_a lord_n have_v the_o same_o right_n of_o wardship_n with_o the_o king_n for_o their_o tenor_n in_o knight-service_n although_o their_o tenant_n do_v hold_v also_o of_o the_o king_n unless_o they_o hold_v of_o he_o in_o knight-service_n which_o be_v a_o service_n do_v by_o the_o tenant_n own_o person_n or_o by_o the_o person_n of_o his_o esquire_n or_o other_o deputy_n in_o his_o stead_n but_o as_o touch_v such_o service_n as_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v do_v to_o he_o by_o render_v or_o serve_v he_o with_o arm_n or_o other_o utensil_n this_o be_v no_o knight-service_n 9_o though_o such_o utensil_n concern_v war_n but_o be_v call_v petit_n serjeanty_n as_o in_o the_o law-book_n do_v appear_v nevertheless_o henry_n the_o three_o have_v usurp_a wardship_n in_o such_o case_n also_o and_o the_o same_o among_o other_o occasion_v the_o baron_n war_n no_o judge_n shall_v compel_v a_o freeman_n to_o confess_v matter_n against_o himself_o upon_o oath_n 30._o without_o complaint_n first_o make_v against_o he_o nor_o shall_v receive_v any_o complaint_n without_o present_a proof_n this_o law_n in_o the_o original_a be_v set_v down_o in_o another_o kind_n of_o phrase_n in_o the_o first_o part_n thereof_o which_o be_v obscure_a by_o reason_n thereof_o in_o express_a word_n it_o be_v thus_o no_o judge_n shall_v compel_v any_o man_n ad_fw-la legem_fw-la manifestam_fw-la which_o imply_v that_o the_o matter_n be_v otherwise_o obscure_a if_o the_o party_n that_o be_v complain_v of_o or_o suspect_v do_v not_o manifest_v the_o same_o by_o his_o own_o declare_v of_o the_o truth_n or_o matter_n inquire_v after_o and_o therefore_o they_o use_v in_o such_o case_n to_o put_v he_o to_o oath_n and_o if_o he_o deny_v the_o matter_n or_o acquit_v himself_o the_o judge_n will_v sometime_o discharge_v he_o or_o otherwise_o put_v he_o to_o his_o compurgator_n and_o this_o be_v call_v lex_fw-la manifesta_fw-la or_o lex_fw-la apparens_fw-la and_o it_o be_v a_o trick_n first_o bring_v in_o by_o the_o clergy_n and_o the_o temporal_a judge_n imitate_v they_o therein_o and_o this_o become_v a_o snare_n and_o sore_a burden_n to_o the_o subject_n to_o avoid_v which_o they_o complain_v of_o this_o new_a kind_n of_o trial_n and_o for_o remedy_n of_o this_o usurpation_n this_o law_n revive_v and_o establish_v the_o only_a and_o old_a way_n of_o trial_n 106._o for_o glanvil_n say_v ob_fw-la infamiam_fw-la non_fw-la solet_fw-la juxta_fw-la legem_fw-la terrae_fw-la aliquis_fw-la per_fw-la
way_n be_v different_a from_o the_o common_a road_n both_o in_o its_o original_n and_o in_o the_o course_n of_o proceed_n nor_o can_v it_o otherwise_o be_v consider_v the_o condition_n of_o the_o nation_n and_o the_o people_n of_o the_o same_o interest_v in_o common_a traffic_n the_o people_n thus_o interest_v as_o much_o differ_v from_o the_o other_o sort_n of_o dry_a man_n if_o they_o may_v be_v so_o call_v as_o sea_n from_o land_n and_o be_v in_o nature_n but_o as_o marchman_n of_o several_a nation_n that_o must_v concentre_v in_o some_o three_o way_n for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o commerce_n for_o peace-sake_n and_o to_o the_o end_n that_o no_o nation_n may_v be_v under_o any_o other_o law_n than_o its_o own_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o nation_n in_o the_o time_n when_o civilise_a government_n begin_v to_o settle_v among_o they_o be_v to_o be_v under_o the_o roman_a emperor_n who_o have_v settle_v one_o law_n in_o the_o general_a ground_n throughout_o all_o nation_n make_v the_o sea_n likewise_o to_o serve_v under_o one_o rule_n which_o shall_v float_v up_o and_o down_o with_o it_o that_o man_n may_v know_v upon_o what_o term_n they_o hold_v their_o own_o wheresoever_o they_o go_v and_o upon_o what_o term_n to_o part_n with_o it_o for_o their_o best_a advantage_n in_o its_o original_n therefore_o this_o law_n may_v be_v call_v imperial_a and_o likewise_o in_o the_o process_n because_o it_o be_v direct_v in_o one_o way_n of_o trial_n and_o by_o one_o law_n which_o have_v its_o first_o birth_n from_o the_o imperial_a power_n and_o probable_o it_o have_v not_o be_v for_o the_o common_a benefit_n of_o europe_n to_o have_v be_v otherwise_o at_o other_o time_n or_o by_o other_o directory_n form_v nevertheless_o this_o become_v no_o gem_n of_o prerogative_n to_o the_o english_a crown_n for_o if_o england_n do_v comply_v with_o foreign_a native_n for_o its_o own_o benefit_n it_o be_v a_o island_n full_a of_o the_o sea_n and_o in_o the_o common_a road_n from_o the_o most_o part_n of_o europe_n that_o border_n upon_o the_o sea_n and_o of_o delight_n in_o merchandise_n it_o be_v but_o suitable_a to_o its_o self_n and_o it_o do_v so_o comply_v as_o it_o save_v the_o main_a stake_n by_o voluntary_a entertain_v those_o law_n without_o be_v impose_v upon_o by_o imperial_a power_n for_o the_o saxon_n come_v into_o this_o kingdom_n a_o free_a people_n and_o so_o for_o aught_o yet_o appear_v to_o i_o continue_v to_o this_o day_n i_o say_v that_o in_o those_o first_o time_n they_o do_v take_v into_o the_o consideration_n of_o parliament_n the_o regulate_v of_o the_o fluctuate_a motion_n of_o sea-law_n nor_o be_v they_o then_o or_o after_o proper_o impose_v by_o the_o king_n edict_n for_o though_o it_o be_v grant_v that_o richard_n the_o first_o reduce_v the_o sea-law_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o oleron_n yet_o that_o the_o same_o shall_v be_v do_v without_o advice_n of_o parliament_n in_o his_o return_n from_o the_o holy_a land_n be_v to_o i_o a_o riddle_n consider_v what_o history_n do_v hold_v forth_o concern_v his_o return_n through_o germany_n nor_o can_v that_o be_v good_a evidence_n to_o entitle_v king_n of_o england_n to_o a_o power_n to_o make_v and_o alter_v law_n according_a to_o their_o private_a pleasure_n and_o interest_n nor_o do_v that_o record_n mention_v in_o the_o institutes_n 144._o warrant_v any_o such_o matter_n but_o rather_o on_o the_o contrary_n ground_v the_o complaint_n upon_o law_n statute_n franchise_n and_o custom_n establish_v and_o that_o this_o establishment_n be_v by_o the_o king_n and_o the_o council_n this_o law_n be_v of_o a_o double_a nature_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n one_o part_n concern_v the_o plea_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o the_o other_o between_o party_n and_o party_n for_o proper_o the_o king_n authority_n in_o the_o admiralty_n be_v but_o a_o authority_n of_o judicature_n according_a to_o law_n establish_v which_o both_o for_o process_n and_o sentence_n be_v different_a from_o the_o common-law_n as_o much_o as_o the_o two_o element_n do_v differ_v yet_o not_o different_a in_o the_o power_n that_o make_v they_o i_o shall_v leave_v the_o particular_n to_o be_v inquire_v into_o by_o they_o that_o shall_v mind_v it_o elsewhere_o and_o only_o touch_v so_o much_o as_o shall_v reflect_v upon_o the_o main_a government_n this_o power_n be_v execute_v by_o deputy_n diverse_o according_a as_o the_o time_n and_o opportunity_n be_v for_o war_n or_o peace_n and_o either_o transitu_fw-la or_o portu_fw-la what_o be_v do_v in_o time_n of_o war_n or_o whilst_o the_o ship_n be_v out_o of_o the_o english_a sea_n come_v not_o to_o our_o purpose_n and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v not_o meddle_v with_o that_o further_o than_o this_o that_o in_o the_o first_o time_n king_n be_v wont_a to_o divide_v the_o work_n of_o judicature_n and_o of_o war_n into_o several_a hand_n the_o power_n of_o war_n and_o peace_n they_o commit_v unto_o man_n of_o approve_a courage_n and_o skill_n in_o that_o service_n and_o therefore_o general_o not_o to_o the_o man_n of_o high_a rank_n who_o have_v neither_o mind_n nor_o skill_n for_o a_o work_n of_o such_o labour_n diet_n and_o danger_n this_o power_n pass_v under_o divers_a name_n sometime_o by_o grant_n of_o the_o custody_n of_o the_o seacoast_n sometime_o of_o the_o part_n and_o sea_n coast_n sometime_o by_o be_v make_v captain_n of_o the_o seaman_n and_o mariner_n and_o sometime_o admiral_n of_o the_o ship_n it_o be_v a_o great_a power_n and_o have_v be_v much_o great_a but_o that_o it_o suffer_v a_o double_a diminution_n the_o one_o in_o the_o time_n for_o three_o or_o four_o year_n common_o make_v a_o end_n of_o the_o command_n of_o one_o man_n and_o at_o the_o best_a it_o be_v 16._o quam_fw-la diu_fw-la regi_fw-la placuerit_fw-la the_o other_o diminution_n be_v in_o circuit_n of_o the_o power_n for_o all_o the_o maritine_n coast_n be_v not_o ordinary_o under_o the_o power_n of_o one_o man_n but_o of_o many_o each_o have_v his_o proper_a precinct_n upon_o the_o south_n or_o north_n east_n or_o western_a shore_n and_o under_o the_o title_n of_o admiral_n in_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o and_o forward_o who_o bring_v that_o title_n from_o the_o holy_a land_n nevertheless_o about_o the_o end_n of_o the_o time_n whereof_o we_o now_o treat_v the_o custody_n of_o the_o whole_a sea_n begin_v to_o settle_v in_o one_o hand_n under_o the_o title_n of_o admiral_n of_o the_o english_a sea_n and_o the_o place_n be_v confer_v upon_o man_n of_o the_o great_a rank_n and_o so_o continue_v ever_o afterward_o the_o power_n of_o jurisdiction_n or_o judicature_n all_o this_o while_n remain_v distinct_a and_o it_o seem_v be_v settle_v in_o part_n in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o sheriff_n and_o justice_n for_o by_o the_o law_n the_o sheriff_n and_o justice_n have_v cognizance_n of_o matter_n between_o the_o high_a water_n and_o the_o low_a water_n mark_n and_o what_o be_v do_v super_fw-la altum_fw-la mare_fw-la be_v within_o the_o directory_n of_o the_o admiral_n these_o be_v but_o few_o thing_n and_o of_o small_a consideration_n the_o principal_a of_o they_o being_n concern_v war_n or_o peace_n and_o those_o only_o within_o the_o english_a sea_n but_o after_o edward_n the_o three_o have_v beat_v both_o the_o french_a and_o spaniard_n at_o sea_n the_o people_n grow_v much_o more_o towards_o the_o sea_n and_o become_v so_o famous_a that_o the_o great_a lord_n think_v the_o regiment_n of_o sea-affair_n worthy_a of_o the_o best_a of_o their_o rank_n and_o be_v please_v with_o the_o title_n of_o admiral_n whilst_o they_o leave_v the_o work_n to_o other_o and_o so_o the_o admiral_n become_v a_o person_n of_o more_o honour_n and_o less_o work_n than_o he_o have_v be_v former_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o honour_n of_o this_o place_n thus_o grow_v soon_o also_o begin_v to_o contract_v greatness_n of_o power_n beyond_o what_o it_o have_v former_o and_o this_o be_v principal_o in_o matter_n of_o jurisdiction_n for_o not_o content_v with_o the_o power_n of_o a_o chief_a justice_n of_o war_n and_o peace_n within_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v his_o proper_a dominion_n the_o lord_n admiral_n gain_v the_o same_o within_o the_o low_a water_n mark_v 199._o and_o in_o the_o main_a stream_n below_o the_o next_o bridge_n to_o the_o sea_n and_o in_o all_o place_n where_o ridel_n be_v set_v and_o yet_o these_o place_n be_v within_o the_o body_n of_o the_o county_n nor_o do_v he_o endeavour_v less_o to_o gain_v in_o matter_n of_o distributive_a justice_n for_o although_o he_o have_v a_o legal_a jurisdiction_n in_o thing_n do_v upon_o the_o sea_n so_o far_o as_o to_o defend_v order_n determine_v and_o cause_n restitution_n to_o be_v make_v in_o case_n of_o damage_n do_v unjust_o yet_o be_v it_o no_o less_o difficult_a to_o keep_v
this_o power_n within_o its_o own_o bound_n than_o the_o watery_a element_n upon_o which_o it_o sloat_v but_o it_o make_v continual_a wave_n upon_o the_o franchise_n of_o the_o land_n and_o for_o this_o cause_n no_o soon_o have_v these_o great_a man_n savour_v of_o the_o honour_n and_o authority_n of_o that_o dignity_n but_o come_v a_o statute_n to_o restrain_v their_o authority_n in_o the_o cognizance_n of_o case_n only_o unto_o such_o matter_n as_o be_v do_v upon_o the_o main_a sea_n 5_o as_o former_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v and_o within_o two_o year_n after_o that_o act_n of_o parliament_n be_v back_v by_o another_o act_n to_o the_o same_o purpose_n 5_o in_o more_o full_a expression_n save_v that_o for_o manslaughter_n the_o admiral_n power_n extend_v even_o to_o the_o high_a water-mark_a and_o into_o the_o main_a stream_n and_o this_o lead_v on_o the_o next_o consideration_n viz._n what_o be_v the_o subject_a matter_n of_o this_o jurisdiction_n and_o authority_n i_o shall_v not_o enter_v into_o the_o depth_n of_o particular_n but_o shall_v reduce_v all_o to_o the_o two_o head_n of_o peace_n and_o justice_n the_o lord_n admiral_n be_v as_o i_o former_o say_v a_o justice_n of_o peace_n at_o sea_n maintain_v the_o peace_n by_o power_n and_o restore_v the_o peace_n by_o set_v a_o order_n unto_o matter_n of_o difference_n as_o well_o between_o foreigner_n as_o between_o the_o english_a and_o foreigner_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o that_o plea_n in_o the_o four_o institutes_n former_o mention_v second_o that_o point_n of_o justice_n principal_o concern_v matter_n of_o contract_n and_o complaint_n for_o breach_n of_o contract_n of_o these_o the_o admiral_n be_v the_o judge_n to_o determine_v according_a to_o law_n and_o custom_n now_o as_o subservient_fw-fr unto_o both_o these_o he_o have_v authority_n of_o command_n over_o seaman_n and_o ship_n that_o belong_v to_o the_o state_n and_o over_o all_o seaman_n and_o ship_n in_o order_n to_o the_o service_n of_o the_o state_n to_o arrest_v and_o order_v they_o for_o the_o great_a voyage_n of_o the_o king_n and_o realm_n 3_o and_o during_o the_o say_a voyage_n but_o this_o he_o can_v do_v without_o express_a order_n because_o the_o determine_n of_o a_o voyage_n royal_a be_v not_o whole_o in_o his_o power_n last_o the_o lord_n admiral_n have_v power_n not_o only_o over_o the_o seaman_n serve_v in_o the_o ship_n of_o state_n but_o over_o all_o other_o seaman_n to_o arrest_v they_o for_o the_o service_n of_o the_o state_n and_o if_o any_o of_o they_o run_v away_o without_o leave_n from_o the_o admiral_n 4._o or_o power_n depute_v from_o he_o he_o have_v power_n by_o enquiry_n to_o make_v a_o record_n thereof_o and_o certify_v the_o same_o to_o the_o sheriff_n mayor_n bailiff_n etc._n etc._n who_o shall_v cause_v they_o to_o be_v apprehend_v and_o imprison_v by_o all_o which_o and_o divers_a other_o law_n not_o only_o the_o power_n of_o the_o admiral_n be_v declare_v but_o the_o original_n from_o whence_o it_o be_v derive_v namely_o from_o the_o legislative_a power_n of_o the_o parliament_n and_o not_o from_o the_o single_a person_n of_o the_o king_n or_o any_o other_o council_n whatsoever_o but_o enough_o have_v be_v already_o say_v of_o these_o court_n of_o state_n in_o their_o particular_a precinct_n one_o general_a interest_n befall_v they_o all_o that_o as_o they_o be_v lead_v by_o a_o law_n much_o different_a from_o the_o court_n of_o common-law_n so_o be_v they_o thereby_o the_o more_o endear_v to_o king_n as_o being_z subservient_fw-fr to_o their_o prerogative_n no_o less_o than_o the_o common-law_n be_v to_o the_o people_n liberty_n in_o which_o condition_n be_v look_v upon_o as_o corrival_n this_o principal_a maxim_n of_o government_n will_v thence_o arise_v that_o the_o bound_n of_o these_o several_a law_n be_v so_o to_o be_v regard_v that_o not_o the_o least_o gap_n of_o entrenchment_n be_v lay_v open_a each_o to_o other_o lest_o the_o fence_n once_o break_v prerogative_n or_o liberty_n shall_v become_v boundless_a and_o bring_v in_o confusion_n instead_o of_o law._n chap._n vi_o of_o the_o churchmen_n interest_n but_o the_o churchmen_n interest_n be_v yet_o more_o tart_a stand_v in_o need_n of_o no_o less_o allay_v than_o that_o of_o the_o king_n authority_n for_o that_o the_o king_n be_v no_o less_o concern_v therein_o than_o the_o people_n and_o the_o rather_o because_o it_o be_v now_o grow_v to_o that_o pitch_n that_o it_o be_v become_v the_o darling_n of_o king_n and_o continual_o henceforth_o court_v by_o they_o either_o to_o gain_v they_o from_o the_o papal_a jurisdiction_n to_o be_v more_o engage_v to_o the_o crown_n or_o by_o their_o mean_n to_o gain_v the_o papal_a jurisdiction_n to_o be_v more_o favourable_a and_o comply_v with_o the_o prerogative_n royal._n the_o former_a time_n be_v tumultuous_a and_o the_o pope_n be_v gain_v to_o join_v with_o the_o crown_n to_o keep_v the_o people_n under_o though_o by_o that_o mean_n what_o the_o crown_n save_v to_o itself_o from_o the_o people_n it_o lose_v to_o rome_n henceforth_o the_o course_n of_o affair_n grow_v more_o civil_a or_o if_o you_o will_v grace_v with_o a_o blush_n of_o religion_n and_o it_o be_v the_o policy_n of_o these_o time_n whereof_o we_o now_o treat_v to_o carry_v a_o benign_a aspect_n to_o the_o pope_n so_o far_o only_o as_o to_o slave_n he_o off_o from_o be_v a_o enemy_n whilst_o king_n drive_v on_o a_o new_a design_n to_o ingratiate_v and_o engage_v the_o church_n man_n of_o their_o own_o nation_n unto_o its_o own_o crown_n this_o they_o do_v by_o distinguish_v the_o office_n or_o dignity_n of_o episcopacy_n into_o the_o ministerial_a and_o honourable_a part_n the_o late_a they_o call_v prelacy_n and_o be_v superad_v for_o encouragement_n of_o the_o former_a and_o to_o make_v their_o work_n more_o acceptaple_n to_o man_n for_o their_o hospitalities_n sake_n for_o the_o maintenance_n whereof_o they_o have_v large_a endowment_n and_o advancement_n and_o then_o they_o reduce_v they_o to_o a_o right_a understanding_n of_o their_o original_a which_o they_o say_v be_v neither_o jus_fw-la divinum_fw-la nor_o romanum_n 6._o but_o that_o their_o lordship_n power_n and_o great_a possession_n be_v give_v they_o by_o the_o king_n and_o other_o of_o this_o realm_n and_o that_o by_o virtue_n thereof_o the_o patronage_n and_o custody_n of_o the_o possession_n in_o the_o vacancy_n ought_v to_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n and_o other_o the_o founder_n and_o that_o unto_o they_o the_o right_n of_o election_n into_o such_o advancement_n do_v belong_v &_o not_o unto_o the_o pope_n nor_o can_v he_o gain_v other_o title_n unto_o such_o power_n but_o by_o usurpation_n and_o encroachment_n upon_o the_o right_n of_o other_o but_o these_o great_a man_n be_v not_o to_o be_v win_v by_o syllogism_n ordinary_o they_o be_v beget_v between_o ambition_n and_o covetousness_n nourish_v by_o riches_n and_o honour_n and_o like_o the_o needle_n in_o the_o compass_n turn_v ever_o after_o that_o way_n edward_n the_o three_o therefore_o labour_v to_o win_v these_o man_n heap_a honour_n and_o privilege_n upon_o they_o that_o they_o may_v see_v the_o glean_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n to_o be_v better_a than_o the_o vintage_n of_o the_o triple_a crown_n doubtless_o he_o be_v a_o prince_n that_o know_v how_o to_o set_v a_o full_a value_n upon_o church_n man_n especial_o such_o as_o be_v devout_a and_o it_o may_v be_v do_v somewhat_o outreach_v in_o that_o course_n for_o though_o he_o see_v god_n in_o outward_a event_n more_o than_o any_o of_o his_o predecessor_n and_o disclaim_v all_o humane_a merit_n reflect_v much_o upon_o god_n mercy_n even_o in_o small_a blessing_n yet_o we_o find_v his_o letter_n reflect_v very_o much_o upon_o the_o prayer_n of_o his_o clergy_n he_o love_v to_o have_v their_o person_n nigh_o unto_o he_o put_v they_o into_o place_n of_o great_a trust_n for_o honour_n and_o power_n in_o judicature_n and_o not_o altogether_o without_o cause_n he_o have_v thereby_o purchase_v unto_o his_o kingdom_n the_o name_n and_o repute_v of_o be_v a_o kingdom_n of_o priest_n but_o all_o this_o be_v but_o personal_a and_o may_v give_v some_o like_n to_o the_o present_a incumbent_n but_o not_o to_o the_o expectant_n and_o therefore_o the_o royal_a favour_n extend_v so_o far_o in_o these_o time_n as_o to_o bring_v on_o the_o parliament_n to_o give_v countenance_n to_o the_o court_n and_o judiciary_n power_n of_o the_o ordinary_n by_o the_o positive_a law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n although_o former_o the_o canon_n have_v already_o long_o since_o make_v way_n thereto_o by_o practice_n i_o shall_v hereof_o note_v these_o few_o particular_n ensue_v ordinary_n shall_v not_o be_v question_v in_o the_o king_n court_n for_o commutation_n 6._o testamentary_a matter_n or_o matrimonial_a cause_n nor_o other_o thing_n touch_v jurisdiction_n of_o holy-church_n thing_n
six_o be_v in_o view_n and_o the_o mind_n of_o man_n leave_v unassure_v neither_o trust_v much_o to_o edward_n the_o four_o nor_o he_o to_o they_o and_o after_o that_o henry_n the_o six_o be_v go_v out_o of_o the_o way_n edward_z the_o four_o can_v not_o ready_o change_v his_o posture_n use_v argument_n of_o force_n and_o power_n and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n look_v like_o a_o man_n in_o arm_n with_o his_o hand_n on_o his_o sword_n ready_a to_o draw_v upon_o the_o next_o man_n that_o stand_v in_o his_o way_n thus_o be_v the_o people_n partly_o drive_v 〈…〉_z and_o partly_o draw_v into_o a_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n unto_o edward_n the_o four_o under_o peril_n of_o attainder_n and_o the_o parliament_n assure_v unto_o he_o once_o more_o for_o immediate_o upon_o the_o departure_n of_o edward_n the_o four_o beyond_o sea_n after_o ten_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n the_o parliament_n never_o stay_v for_o the_o issue_n of_o providence_n declare_v the_o throne_n void_a of_o edward_n the_o four_o and_o henry_n the_o six_o king._n the_o judge_n likewise_o of_o the_o court_n of_o westminster_n determine_v the_o same_o thing_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o law-report_n of_o those_o time_n in_o print_n wherein_o reattachment_n be_v often_o grant_v by_o they_o upon_o discontinuance_n of_o process_n by_o this_o demise_n of_o edward_n the_o four_o and_o thus_o henry_n the_o six_o be_v once_o more_o king_n for_o six_o month_n viz._n from_o october_n to_o april_n at_o which_o time_n the_o balance_n turn_v edward_n the_o four_o return_n get_v into_o the_o throne_n henry_n the_o six_o be_v again_o dethrone_v all_o thing_n be_v as_o they_o be_v and_o all_o confirm_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n for_o that_o body_n be_v ever_o wise_a enough_o to_o side_n with_o power_n rather_o than_o to_o spend_v much_o time_n upon_o fruitless_a order_n and_o vote_n that_o will_v pierce_v no_o armour_n and_o therefore_o like_o the_o time_n must_v needs_o be_v subject_a to_o fit_n of_o distemper_n at_o the_o come_n in_o of_o every_o tide_n and_o do_v build_v and_o pull_v down_o enact_v and_o disenact_v turn_v and_o return_v the_o english_a crown_n from_o york_n to_o lancaster_n and_o back_o again_o and_o in_o conclusion_n for_o some_o time_n do_v do_v little_a but_o undo_v nor_o can_v they_o be_v just_o censure_v herein_o for_o council_n of_o man_n be_v not_o ordain_v to_o hinder_v divine_a providence_n or_o over-rule_v fate_n but_o to_o foresee_v and_o close_o with_o occasion_n in_o the_o most_o advantageous_a way_n for_o the_o public_a good_a and_o when_o both_o wind_n and_o current_n be_v uncertain_a to_o ride_v at_o float_n till_o they_o can_v discern_v the_o most_o commodious_a haven_n to_o winter_n in_o to_o impute_v therefore_o fault_n unto_o the_o parliament_n in_o such_o case_n for_o want_v of_o uniformity_n and_o immutability_n of_o council_n be_v somewhat_o like_o the_o notion_n that_o bachelor_n conceit_n of_o wife_n they_o will_v have_v but_o they_o do_v not_o know_v what_o other_o 〈◊〉_d a_o idea_n of_o their_o own_o fancy_n now_o if_o it_o be_v inquire_v which_o course_n prevail_v in_o order_n either_o to_o the_o king_n royalty_n or_o the_o people_n liberty_n i_o shall_v answer_v neither_o of_o these_o but_o the_o house_n of_o york_n prevail_v to_o hold_v the_o crown_n and_o may_v have_v advance_v the_o authority_n thereof_o have_v they_o not_o fall_v out_o among_o themselves_o for_o the_o spoil_n and_o edward_n the_o four_o be_v not_o altogether_o dispose_v thereto_o the_o success_n that_o he_o have_v in_o the_o field_n and_o his_o soldiery_n make_v he_o look_v big_a like_o a_o king_n of_o the_o great_a size_n but_o king_n sleep_v not_o secure_o upon_o such_o pillow_n when_o the_o militia_n be_v on_o horseback_n it_o be_v as_o ready_a to_o be_v a_o guard_n upon_o the_o king_n as_o for_o he_o and_o when_o it_o be_v most_o sober_a not_o so_o easy_o govern_v as_o a_o commonwealth_n and_o therefore_o edward_n the_o four_o now_o in_o arm_n though_o he_o find_v it_o a_o hard_a notion_n to_o maintain_v the_o people_n liberty_n where_o no_o man_n be_v free_a from_o the_o soldier_n yet_o he_o incline_v thereto_o we_o read_v of_o a_o multitude_n of_o taxation_n of_o all_o sort_n and_o of_o benevolence_n the_o worst_a of_o all_o those_o sort_n for_o soldier_n must_v have_v money_n or_o if_o not_o they_o will_v have_v it_o but_o the_o king_n will_v not_o force_v thing_n so_o far_o as_o his_o power_n can_v reach_v he_o will_v have_v money_n but_o it_o shall_v be_v by_o order_n of_o the_o parliament_n he_o may_v have_v pretend_v much_o upon_o the_o commission_n of_o array_n yet_o do_v it_o not_o 8._o but_o choose_v rather_o to_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o because_o it_o be_v too_o great_a a_o farm_n for_o his_o private_a purse_n he_o pray_v aid_n of_o the_o parliament_n by_o the_o way_n of_o tumage_n and_o poundage_n 3._o which_o be_v in_o demand_n nine_o year_n before_o the_o parliament_n grant_v it_o and_o when_o it_o be_v grant_v it_o be_v with_o such_o restriction_n that_o it_o be_v evident_a the_o king_n prefer_v the_o right_n of_o the_o parliament_n therein_o above_o his_o private_a honour_n second_o title_n of_o honour_n be_v but_o windy_a notion_n and_o every_o one_o know_v what_o claim_n be_v make_v by_o king_n to_o have_v the_o sole_a interest_n in_o confer_v the_o same_o this_o edward_n the_o four_o neglect_v so_o far_o 16._o as_o he_o interest_v the_o parliament_n both_o in_o the_o confer_v of_o they_o and_o resume_v the_o same_o three_o the_o course_n of_o trade_n be_v now_o more_o especial_o look_v to_o not_o by_o the_o king_n and_o privy_a council_n but_o by_o the_o parliament_n and_o because_o it_o be_v much_o decay_v partly_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o ill_a government_n thereof_o and_o partly_o by_o the_o excessive_a lavishness_n of_o these_o time_n many_o law_n be_v make_v for_o remedy_n of_o both_o 1._o and_o first_o the_o staple_n be_v settle_v sometime_o at_o calis_n alone_o sometime_o at_o it_o and_o middleborough_n 2._o and_o by_o this_o mean_n england_n gain_v trade_n from_o both_o nation_n 5._o but_o the_o principal_a thanks_o be_v to_o be_v give_v to_o the_o interest_n between_o the_o king_n and_o the_o house_n of_o burgundy_n then_o course_n be_v take_v for_o the_o bring_n of_o the_o staple_n commodity_n only_o to_o those_o place_n 1._o and_o the_o return_n to_o be_v make_v in_o money_n and_o not_o commodity_n by_o exchange_n then_o for_o the_o well_o make_v of_o staple-manufacture_n and_o restrain_v importation_n of_o foreign_a manufacture_n of_o such_o kind_n 12._o then_o against_o transport_v of_o english_a coin_n 3._o and_o import_v of_o foreign_a coin_n 1._o other_o than_o bullion_n and_o as_o touch_v the_o second_o grievance_n it_o seem_v gallantry_n or_o vanity_n of_o apparel_n be_v a_o sore_a disease_n of_o these_o time_n which_o be_v become_v time_n of_o fashion_n and_o wherein_o the_o king_n lead_v the_o way_n by_o his_o own_o example_n for_o he_o desire_v to_o be_v brave_a and_o that_o he_o may_v be_v more_o brave_a 5._o he_o pass_v law_n that_o the_o people_n shall_v be_v less_o brave_a 1._o assess_v a_o sort_n of_o apparel_n for_o every_o degree_n and_o therein_o stoop_v so_o low_a 1._o as_o to_o define_v the_o fashion_n of_o their_o very_a shoe_n four_o the_o parliament_n retain_v their_o ancient_a right_n of_o reduce_v the_o course_n of_o judicature_n for_o whereas_o sheriff_n have_v hitherto_o hold_v their_o course_n of_o trial_n of_o the_o moan_a sort_n of_o felony_n and_o trespass_n and_o offence_n determinable_a only_o by_o imprisonment_n or_o fine_n and_o amerciament_n whereby_o man_n estate_n do_v lie_v under_o the_o continual_a pillage_n of_o these_o covetous_a and_o extort_v officer_n 2._o it_o be_v establish_v by_o the_o parliament_n that_o these_o man_n shall_v have_v for_o the_o future_a only_a power_n of_o enquiry_n and_o to_o certify_v at_o the_o next_o session_n and_o there_o the_o trial_n to_o be_v and_o fine_n and_o amerciament_n to_o be_v set_v tax_v and_o estreat_v unto_o the_o exchequer_n and_o from_o thence_o to_o be_v levy_v and_o thereof_o the_o sheriff_n give_v account_n this_o be_v a_o great_a security_n to_o the_o people_n estate_n but_o give_v they_o not_o a_o full_a remedy_n for_o though_o the_o trial_n be_v now_o more_o fair_a yet_o these_o officer_n be_v judge_n of_o suspicion_n and_o have_v still_o power_n upon_o suspicion_n to_o imprison_v their_o person_n and_o seize_v their_o estate_n under_o colour_n to_o save_v they_o for_o the_o king_n in_o case_n conviction_n follow_v for_o remedy_v hereof_o 3._o the_o justice_n of_o the_o peace_n have_v now_o power_n give_v they_o to_o bail_v in_o case_n of_o light_a suspicion_n and_o it_o be_v further_o declare_v that_o no_o man_n estate_n shall_v be_v first_o
seize_v till_o conviction_n and_o attainder_n first_o be_v have_v and_o because_o escheator_n grow_v no_o less_o burdensome_a in_o their_o way_n it_o be_v therefore_o order_v that_o no_o man_n shall_v be_v allow_v in_o such_o office_n unless_o he_o have_v land_n to_o the_o value_n of_o twenty_o pound_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la and_o that_o he_o shall_v be_v responsible_a for_o such_o wrong_n do_v by_o himself_o 9_o or_o by_o his_o deputy_n and_o farmer_n thus_o edward_n the_o four_o quit_v himself_o like_o a_o king_n in_o many_o regard_v but_o soon_o run_v himself_o out_o of_o breath_n give_v his_o lamp_n to_o his_o son_n that_o be_v too_o weak_a to_o hold_v it_o a_o three_o snatch_v it_o away_o and_o for_o two_o year_n carry_v it_o exceed_v well_o yield_v up_o all_o encroach_v royalty_n to_o the_o people_n 2._o and_o his_o crown_n and_o life_n to_o his_o successor_n chap._n xxv_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o clergy_n if_o any_o gain_n be_v have_v in_o these_o uncertain_a time_n the_o churchman_n may_v seem_v to_o have_v they_o have_v now_o this_o advantage_n that_o the_o commonalty_n be_v distract_v with_o uncertain_a interest_n of_o the_o succession_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o themselves_o only_o unite_v under_o the_o popedom_n now_o free_v from_o all_o schism_n and_o the_o popedom_n manage_v by_o sixtus_n the_o four_o who_o have_v the_o hap_n to_o be_v account_v more_o virtuous_a than_o any_o of_o his_o predecessor_n have_v be_v and_o to_o have_v all_o the_o christian_a prince_n naucler_n whole_o at_o his_o devotion_n and_o last_o both_o the_o clergy_n and_o the_o king_n be_v now_o joint_o engage_v against_o the_o rise_a power_n of_o religion_n then_o call_v heresy_n in_o order_n whereunto_o the_o clergy_n lead_v the_o way_n have_v the_o applause_n of_o they_o that_o follow_v upon_o a_o implicit_a faith_n that_o whatsoever_o be_v do_v be_v exceed_v well_o do_v nor_o be_v it_o wisdom_n for_o king_n that_o sit_v loose_a in_o their_o throne_n to_o stumble_v the_o good_a opinion_n of_o so_o considerable_a a_o party_n towards_o they_o and_o therefore_o edward_n the_o four_o in_o his_o first_o entrance_n grant_v to_o the_o clergy_n that_o which_o can_v never_o be_v by_o they_o obtain_v from_o any_o of_o the_o forego_n king_n 294._o viz._n free_a liberty_n of_o process_n in_o all_o case_n ecclesiastical_a and_o in_o tithe_n of_o wood_n above_o twenty_o year_n growth_n and_o in_o case_n they_o be_v trouble_v upon_o the_o statute_n of_o provisor_n they_o shall_v have_v their_o remedy_n in_o the_o chancery_n against_o those_o judge_n and_o their_o proceed_n in_o such_o case_n there_o to_o be_v cancel_v this_o be_v do_v by_o charter_n pasion_n and_o be_v sufficient_a to_o show_v what_o the_o desire_n of_o the_o clergy_n and_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o king_n be_v viz._n at_o once_o to_o favour_v the_o church_n and_o under_o colour_n of_o favour_n do_v to_o the_o clergy_n to_o cancel_v both_o common_a and_o statute-law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n by_o the_o power_n of_o the_o chancellor_n decree_n nevertheless_o all_o this_o be_v but_o the_o king_n breath_n the_o policy_n change_v never_o a_o whit_n the_o more_o for_o the_o common_a law_n hold_v on_o its_o course_n not_o only_o in_o case_n depend_v before_o the_o holy_a chair_n but_o also_o even_o before_o the_o bishop_n of_o the_o diocese_n at_o home_n 6._o so_o as_o neither_o the_o king_n be_v conclude_v from_o his_o suit_n 3._o nor_o the_o party_n endamage_v from_o his_o action_n by_o any_o such_o charter_n and_o so_o far_o be_v the_o judge_n of_o the_o common_a law_n from_o be_v bind_v by_o the_o chancery_n in_o such_o case_n littleton_n that_o they_o profess_v they_o will_v not_o delay_v to_o grant_v the_o habeas_fw-la corpus_fw-la 37._o to_o deliver_v any_o prisoner_n by_o decree_n of_o the_o chancellor_n in_o any_o case_n triable_a at_o the_o common_a law._n much_o less_o do_v the_o parliament_n favour_n these_o man_n so_o far_o as_o to_o give_v they_o any_o countenance_n in_o any_o way_n of_o gain_n upon_o themselves_o but_o rather_o make_v bold_a with_o what_o the_o churchman_n in_o former_a time_n challenge_v as_o their_o own_o and_o upon_o this_o account_n whereas_o former_o it_o have_v inhibit_v fair_n and_o market_n upon_o the_o lord_n day_n now_o it_o inhibit_v the_o sale_n of_o boot_n shoe_n etc._n etc._n upon_o that_o day_n though_o do_v never_o so_o private_o which_o they_o do_v at_o the_o first_o only_o within_o the_o city_n of_o london_n and_o three_o mile_n thereof_o i_o suppose_v it_o be_v make_v only_o by_o way_n of_o trial_n it_o be_v dangerous_a in_o such_o time_n to_o give_v a_o stop_n to_o all_o england_n at_o once_o otherwise_o it_o may_v be_v wonder_v why_o god_n honour_n shall_v be_v better_o regard_v in_o london_n than_o in_o all_o the_o realm_n beside_o of_o this_o encroachment_n we_o find_v no_o complaint_n make_v by_o the_o churchman_n another_o touch_v they_o to_o the_o quick_a although_o it_o befall_v only_o the_o archbishopric_a of_o york_n that_o hitherto_o hold_v ordinary_a jurisdiction_n over_o all_o the_o bishop_n of_o scotland_n as_o be_v their_o provincial_n now_o it_o be_v disclaim_v by_o they_o all_o and_o they_o be_v back_v therein_o by_o their_o king_n under_o pretence_n of_o great_a inconvenience_n to_o his_o bishop_n in_o their_o so_o far_a travel_n but_o in_o truth_n not_o unlike_a to_o jeroboam_n though_o he_o pretend_v it_o be_v too_o much_o for_o they_o yet_o he_o think_v it_o unsafe_a for_o himself_o that_o his_o bishop_n shall_v owe_v canonical_a obedience_n to_o the_o subject_a of_o another_o prince_n and_o upon_o this_o ground_n prevail_v with_o pope_n sixtus_n the_o four_o to_o make_v the_o divorce_n and_o leave_v it_o to_o future_a age_n to_o try_v the_o validity_n thereof_o if_o they_o will_v this_o be_v all_o that_o i_o shall_v observe_v of_o the_o government_n of_o these_o three_o king_n who_o reign_n in_o the_o whole_a exceed_v not_o twenty_o six_o year_n and_o their_o complete_a power_n therein_o not_o much_o above_o half_a so_o many_o chap._n xxvi_o a_o short_a sum_n of_o the_o reign_v of_o henry_n the_o seven_o and_o henry_n the_o eight_o the_o course_n of_o english_a policy_n hitherto_o wander_v in_o the_o different_a current_n spring_v from_o the_o double_a head_n of_o monarchy_n and_o democracie_n and_o in_o they_o likewise_o often_o toss_v up_o and_o down_o partly_o by_o the_o blast_n of_o windy_a title_n and_o pretension_n and_o partly_o by_o the_o rage_a tide_n from_o the_o roman_a see_v now_o begin_v to_o come_v to_o anchor_n within_o view_n of_o shore_n happy_a england_n if_o the_o same_o prove_v good_a harbourage_n for_o a_o faint_a nation_n two_o king_n now_o undertake_v the_o steerage_n the_o work_n of_o the_o first_o be_v to_o still_o the_o wind_n the_o other_o the_o sea_n and_o so_o to_o bring_v the_o adventure_n safe_a home_n henry_n the_o seven_o happen_v upon_o a_o good_a preparative_n for_o this_o work_n in_o that_o he_o deliver_v the_o kingdom_n from_o a_o tyrant_n who_o irregular_a and_o bloody_a way_n be_v so_o odious_a to_o the_o people_n that_o it_o set_v a_o foil_n upon_o his_o successor_n government_n and_o make_v his_o wisdom_n valour_n and_o justice_n appear_v great_a than_o possible_o it_o be_v his_o valour_n make_v way_n for_o the_o other_o two_o he_o have_v enough_o thereof_o to_o serve_v a_o wise_a man_n in_o case_n of_o extremity_n at_o other_o time_n he_o make_v more_o use_n of_o his_o majesty_n than_o manhood_n be_v confident_a that_o the_o people_n know_v not_o where_o to_o mend_v themselves_o but_o will_v be_v at_o his_o devotion_n so_o long_o as_o he_o be_v better_a than_o his_o predecessor_n though_o he_o care_v not_o how_o little_a his_o wisdom_n be_v his_o great_a part_n of_o which_o upon_o all_o occasion_n he_o make_v the_o great_a improvement_n he_o can_v without_o reflect_v upon_o conscience_n or_o religion_n whereof_o he_o have_v taste_v no_o more_o than_o will_v render_v he_o a_o civil_a man_n whereunto_o his_o education_n do_v lead_v the_o way_n thus_o though_o his_o valour_n bring_v he_o to_o the_o crown_n yet_o it_o be_v his_o wisdom_n that_o settle_v he_o in_o the_o throne_n for_o though_o he_o love_v himself_o so_o well_o that_o he_o be_v loath_a to_o pretend_v allowance_n of_o any_o access_n of_o foreign_a help_n to_o his_o own_o achievement_n in_o his_o title_n or_o that_o he_o be_v guilty_a in_o the_o least_o manner_n in_o his_o entry_n upon_o the_o throne_n yet_o to_o keep_v danger_n far_o off_o he_o provide_v one_o guard_n for_o his_o person_n and_o many_o for_o his_o title_n that_o of_o his_o person_n he_o only_o pretend_v as_o a_o ceremony_n of_o state_n bring_v from_o the_o french_a court_n and_o yet_o it_o be_v strange_a that_o it_o go_v so_o well_o down_o with_o a_o free_a people_n for_o