the_o exposition_n be_v not_o to_o be_v tie_v hereto_o so_o notwithstanding_o this_o exception_n these_o ground_n though_o gain_v since_o the_o statute_n be_v within_o the_o relief_n thereof_o the_o second_o cause_n wherefore_o these_o new_a ground_n shall_v not_o be_v within_o this_o law_n be_v because_o these_o land_n be_v increase_v beyond_o the_o bound_n since_o the_o make_n of_o these_o law_n and_o so_o it_o may_v be_v allege_v that_o they_o can_v extend_v to_o the_o new_a enlargement_n for_o mr._n blow_n in_o his_o com._n fol._n 129._o say_v that_o law_n com._n blow_n com._n and_o privilege_n tie_v to_o a_o certain_a place_n or_o precinct_n can_v be_v 129._o fol._n 129._o extend_v or_o enlarge_v beyond_o the_o ancient_a bound_n although_o the_o predinct_n be_v enlarge_v as_o the_o case_n in_o 7_o h._n 6._o fol._n 32._o 32._o 7_o h_n 6._o fol._n 32._o where_n in_o a_o nativo_fw-la habendo_fw-la a_o villain_n have_v remain_v a_o year_n and_o a_o day_n in_o london_n which_o be_v ancient_a demesn_a and_o there_o be_v a_o privilege_n that_o every_o villain_n and_o bondslave_n which_o have_v remain_v a_o day_n and_o a_o year_n in_o london_n the_o lord_n may_v not_o seize_v he_o and_o the_o villain_n plead_v that_o he_o have_v remain_v a_o year_n and_o a_o day_n there_o and_o so_o take_v himself_o to_o be_v within_o that_o privilege_n but_o because_o since_o the_o say_a liberty_n grant_v the_o bound_n of_o london_n be_v much_o increase_v therefore_o it_o be_v there_o hold_v that_o the_o say_a liberty_n and_o privilege_n do_v not_o extend_v to_o the_o new_a enlargement_n and_o the_o case_n be_v also_o put_v in_o the_o say_a comment_n that_o the_o bishop_n of_o durham_n have_v divers_a liberty_n in_o his_o land_n lie_v between_o the_o two_o river_n of_o tyne_n and_o tese_n and_o after_o he_o purchase_v other_o land_n there_o the_o say_a liberty_n do_v not_o extend_v to_o the_o say_v new_o purchase_v land_n and_o the_o like_a law_n be_v if_o one_o have_v a_o warren_n in_o his_o manor_n and_o land_n in_o dale_n after_o he_o purchase_v more_o ground_n there_o his_o warren_n do_v not_o extend_v unto_o they_o and_o so_o where_o one_o have_v by_o charter_n the_o land_n of_o person_n forfeit_v for_o treason_n he_o can_v not_o have_v by_o the_o say_v ancient_a charter_n land_n forfeit_v for_o treason_n by_o tenant_n in_o tail_n because_o the_o forfeiture_n of_o they_o be_v give_v by_o a_o late_a statute_n since_o the_o charter_n but_o his_o non_fw-la obstantibus_fw-la i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o this_o statute_n i_o now_o treat_v on_o extend_v to_o these_o new_a gain_v ground_n and_o i_o take_v a_o difference_n between_o a_o special_a law_n of_o privilege_n and_o liberty_n which_o be_v stint_v or_o bound_v either_o by_o statute_n charter_n or_o custom_n the_o same_o can_v by_o no_o construction_n be_v make_v to_o exceed_v the_o bound_n but_o the_o general_a law_n of_o this_o kingdom_n as_o this_o law_n of_o we_o be_v the_o extent_n thereof_o be_v as_o large_a as_o the_o whole_a realm_n be_v and_o they_o be_v not_o tie_v to_o stint_a limit_n as_o particular_a private_a charter_n and_o custom_n be_v and_o so_o i_o conclude_v that_o in_o point_n of_o extent_n this_o statute_n of_o 23_o h._n 8._o be_v tie_v to_o no_o other_o bound_n then_o to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n diversity_n between_o ground_n gain_v and_o ground_n leave_v the_o three_o matter_n be_v that_o which_o i_o have_v ground_v the_o conclusion_n of_o my_o case_n upon_o and_o that_o be_v whether_o the_o ground_n in_o my_o case_n new_o leave_v by_o the_o sea_n to_o the_o shore_n and_o the_o shore_n be_v such_o ground_n as_o be_v within_o this_o commission_n and_o in_o my_o opinion_n they_o be_v not_o and_o therefore_o to_o maintain_v my_o opinion_n herein_o i_o take_v a_o difference_n between_o ground_n leave_v by_o the_o sea_n and_o ground_n gain_v from_o the_o sea_n for_o ground_n leave_v be_v of_o no_o value_n and_o bring_v forth_o no_o fruit_n or_o increase_v at_o all_o but_o the_o uppermost_a part_n thereof_o be_v sand_n which_o these_o law_n take_v no_o hold_n of_o for_o the_o commission_n extend_v only_o to_o ground_n win_v and_o make_v profitable_a for_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o this_o realm_n which_o terra_n relicta_fw-la yield_v not_o for_o no_o profit_n at_o all_o thereof_o arise_v till_o the_o sand_n be_v in_v and_o gain_v and_o these_o law_n make_v the_o commissioner_n saviour_n and_o not_o gainer_n and_o therefore_o do_v extend_v the_o commission_n but_o to_o the_o utttermost_a bank_n and_o wall_n and_o leave_v the_o shore_n as_o ground_n possess_v by_o the_o sea_n and_o so_o be_v put_v pro_fw-la in_o defenso_fw-la by_o this_o law_n and_o therefore_o i_o do_v make_v my_o conclusion_n as_o follow_v first_o that_o the_o sea_n creek_n and_o bay_n be_v all_o within_o this_o statute_n in_o point_n of_o extent_n but_o that_o they_o and_o the_o shore_n and_o the_o relinquish_v ground_n be_v all_o of_o they_o out_o of_o this_o commission_n of_o sewer_n to_o be_v deal_v withal_o thereby_o second_o that_o port_n and_o havens_n be_v total_o the_o water_n as_o well_o as_o the_o wall_n and_o bank_n thereof_o within_o the_o commission_n of_o sewer_n three_o the_o shore_n and_o ground_n leave_v by_o the_o sea_n when_o they_o be_v put_v as_o in_o gainage_n be_v then_o and_o not_o before_o within_o the_o power_n of_o the_o commission_n of_o sewer_n four_o although_o the_o ground_n leave_v by_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o in_o point_n of_o defence_n within_o the_o commission_n of_o sewer_n yet_o a_o wall_n or_o bank_n may_v be_v thereon_o raise_v for_o the_o aid_n and_o succour_v of_o the_o country_n but_o not_o for_o any_o cause_n where_o the_o defence_n extend_v but_o to_o themselves_o and_o although_o the_o ground_n that_o have_v be_v gain_v from_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o county_n of_o lincoln_n and_o elsewhere_o in_o this_o realm_n yet_o that_o be_v do_v at_o the_o labour_n of_o private_a man_n and_o not_o by_o the_o commission_n of_o sewer_n which_o aim_v at_o the_o general_a good_a and_o not_o at_o private_a commodity_n so_o that_o super_fw-la totam_fw-la materiam_fw-la i_o be_o of_o opinion_n with_o the_o conclusion_n of_o my_o case_n that_o be_v that_o the_o say_v new_a island_n be_v the_o king_n the_o ground_n leave_v to_o the_o shore_n pertain_v to_o c._n the_o subject_n and_o that_o because_o they_o be_v all_o of_o they_o within_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n they_o be_v therefore_o within_o the_o extent_n of_o this_o statute_n but_o in_o regard_n they_o be_v ground_n leave_v only_o and_o not_o gain_v nor_o make_v profitable_a for_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o this_o realm_n they_o be_v not_o therefore_o within_o this_o commission_n and_o so_o i_o conclude_v my_o argument_n as_o i_o do_v my_o case_n in_o which_o i_o hope_v i_o have_v neither_o injure_v the_o subject_a in_o his_o private_a inheritance_n nor_o wrong_a prerogative_n in_o any_o point_n finis_fw-la primae_fw-la lecturae_fw-la initium_fw-la secundae_fw-la lecturae_fw-la forasmuch_o as_o the_o first_o day_n i_o go_v perambulation_n about_o the_o sea_n and_o of_o all_o which_o belong_v to_o her_o empire_n and_o dominion_n wherein_o i_o do_v survey_v her_o bound_n her_o quality_n and_o her_o government_n now_o i_o do_v intend_v to_o go_v a_o progress_n through_o the_o land_n and_o to_o take_v a_o view_n of_o the_o fair_a goodly_a river_n which_o make_v their_o voyage_n to_o the_o sea_n for_o these_o my_o statute_n have_v take_v into_o her_o protection_n and_o this_o second_o day_n i_o purpose_v to_o call_v a_o court_n of_o oyer_n and_o terminer_n and_o i_o do_v intend_v with_o your_o gentle_a patience_n to_o examine_v all_o the_o particular_n there_o arise_v and_o because_o the_o say_a statute_n of_o 23_o h._n 8._o must_v be_v my_o chief_a guide_n to_o direct_v my_o fair_a passage_n through_o these_o uncouth_a way_n i_o will_v pray_v aid_n thereon_o and_o i_o will_v now_o proceed_v to_o declare_v what_o business_n on_o land_n this_o law_n have_v undertake_v to_o defend_v and_o what_o offence_n it_o purpose_v to_o reform_v and_o according_o the_o say_a law_n do_v distribute_v itself_o into_o these_o particular_a branch_n i._o i._o first_o into_o matter_n of_o defence_n this_o statute_n maintain_v be_v these_o follow_v viz._n 1._o wall_n 2._o bank_n 3._o ditch_n 4._o gutter_n 5._o sewer_n 6._o goat_n 7._o calceys_n 8._o bridges_n second_o into_o matter_n of_o offence_n which_o this_o statute_n term_v let_v we_o impediment_n and_o annoyance_n which_o be_v to_o be_v put_v down_o or_o reform_v as_o cause_n shall_v require_v 1._o stream_n 2._o mill_n 3._o pond_n 4._o fishgarth_n 5._o mildam_n 6._o lock_n 7._o hebbingwer_n 8._o heck_n 9_o floodgate_n 10._o other_o like_a let_n and_o impediment_n and_o to_o the_o end_n i_o may_v full_o
case_n and_o so_o the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n and_o of_o the_o law_n may_v herein_o be_v satisfy_v now_o i_o hope_v i_o have_v full_o instruct_v the_o commissioner_n wherein_o they_o may_v learn_v who_o to_o imprison_v when_o to_o fine_a and_o how_o to_o amerce_v in_o a_o legal_a and_o orderly_a sort_n and_o according_a to_o the_o ancient_a and_o approve_a rule_n of_o law_n and_o of_o the_o grand_a charter_n for_o in_o those_o thing_n they_o be_v to_o direct_v their_o discretion_n by_o the_o say_a rule_n and_o they_o be_v to_o be_v guide_v thereby_o and_o be_v not_o to_o proceed_v therein_o according_a to_o their_o own_o will_n and_o herein_o i_o shall_v conclude_v the_o second_o point_n of_o this_o part_n of_o the_o law_n that_o be_v that_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n have_v power_n to_o imprison_v to_o fine_a and_o to_o amerce_v and_o that_o b._n for_o refuse_v to_o obey_v their_o order_n be_v just_o imprison_v and_o c._n be_v as_o just_o fine_v and_o for_o the_o reason_n and_o cause_n aforesaid_a the_o commissioner_n in_o their_o discretion_n though_o the_o offence_n of_o both_o be_v alike_o yet_o they_o have_v power_n to_o imprison_v the_o one_o and_o to_o fine_a the_o other_o and_o now_o i_o do_v intend_v to_o proceed_v to_o the_o four_o point_n of_o my_o case_n and_o the_o three_o point_n i_o intend_v to_o handle_v in_o a_o more_o convenient_a place_n distress_n the_o point_n of_o distress_n in_o my_o case_n be_v ground_v upon_o these_o point_n 4_o point_n word_n of_o this_o law_n viz._n and_o all_o those_o person_n and_o every_o of_o they_o to_o tax_v assess_v distrain_v and_o punish_v as_o well_o within_o the_o mete_n limit_n and_o bound_n of_o old_a time_n accustom_v or_o otherwise_o or_o elsewhere_o within_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n three_o sort_n of_o distress_n first_o there_o be_v divers_a kind_n of_o distress_n viz._n judicial_a which_o always_o issue_v out_o of_o the_o roll_n of_o the_o court._n second_o ministerial_a and_o such_o distress_n be_v to_o be_v perform_v by_o the_o officer_n of_o these_o law_n without_o any_o judgement_n direct_v the_o same_o three_o and_o there_o be_v a_o distress_n of_o common_a right_n not_o give_v nor_o award_v by_o judgement_n in_o court_n or_o by_o warrant_n of_o the_o commissioner_n but_o incident_a to_o the_o thing_n itself_o and_o first_o of_o the_o judicial_a distress_n which_o be_v award_v by_o the_o court_n upon_o a_o presentment_n find_v of_o a_o nusans_a or_o in_o the_o recovery_n of_o a_o assize_n of_o nusans_n or_o in_o a_o action_n of_o the_o case_n as_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o 42_o assiz_n plac_fw-la 15._o 32_o ed._n 3._o 23._o and_o 7_o h._n 4._o 8._o there_o a_o distringas_fw-la ad_fw-la amovendum_fw-la shall_v be_v 4._o 32_o ed._n 3._o 7_o h._n 4._o award_v to_o remove_v the_o nusans_a and_o so_o in_o case_n of_o a_o decay_n present_v as_o if_o i._n s._n suffer_v a_o bank_n or_o wall_n to_o decay_v and_o that_o be_v present_v a_o distringas_fw-la ad_fw-la reparandum_fw-la shall_v be_v direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n to_o distrain_v i._o s._n to_o repair_v the_o same_o second_o a_o distress_n ministerial_a be_v where_o one_o be_v assess_v or_o rate_v to_o pay_v a_o certain_a sum_n of_o money_n towards_o the_o repair_n of_o a_o wall_n bank_n sewer_n or_o goat_n here_o upon_o warrant_n from_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n the_o officer_n express_v in_o that_o warrant_n may_v distrain_v the_o cattle_n of_o the_o party_n which_o ought_v to_o pay_v the_o say_a rate_n and_o sess_n and_o which_o do_v neglect_v to_o pay_v the_o same_o and_o yet_o where_o there_o be_v a_o rate_n and_o sess_n impose_v upon_o one_o by_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o the_o collector_n or_o officer_n may_v distrain_v therefore_o without_o any_o express_a warrant_n from_o the_o commissioner_n so_o to_o do_v and_o my_o reason_n be_v ground_v upon_o the_o statute_n which_o be_v this_o because_o the_o statute_n and_o commission_n which_o be_v the_o general_a law_n do_v of_o themselves_o in_o this_o case_n give_v a_o distress_n and_o therefore_o in_o these_o case_n the_o warrant_n of_o the_o commissioner_n be_v superfluous_a like_a to_o the_o case_n in_o 20_o eliz._n dyer_n eliz._n 20_o eliz._n fol._n 362._o where_o a_o fine_a be_v levy_v of_o land_n to_o the_o intent_n that_o i._o s._n shall_v have_v and_o receive_v a_o yearly_a rent_n thereout_o although_o in_o the_o conveyance_n there_o be_v no_o mention_n make_v that_o the_o party_n may_v distrain_v for_o the_o same_o yet_o in_o that_o book_n it_o be_v mention_v to_o be_v adjudge_v that_o the_o owner_n of_o that_o rent_n may_v distrain_v for_o the_o same_o because_o the_o statute_n of_o 27_o h._n 8._o in_o 8._o 27_o h._n 8._o that_o case_n give_v a_o distress_n upon_o which_o statute_n the_o say_a conveyance_n be_v ground_v so_o if_o their_o be_fw-mi two_o coparcener_n to_o who_o land_n do_v descend_v and_o they_o make_v partition_n and_o for_o more_o equality_n she_o that_o have_v the_o better_a part_n do_v grant_v to_o the_o other_o and_o her_o heir_n a_o yearly_a rent_n out_o of_o her_o land_n but_o limit_n no_o clause_n or_o power_n of_o distress_n she_o to_o who_o this_o yearly_a rent_n be_v grant_v may_v distrain_v therefore_o and_o so_o may_v a_o bailiff_n distrain_v for_o a_o amerciament_n in_o a_o leet_n without_o a_o warrant_n because_o the_o general_a law_n give_v a_o distress_n in_o these_o case_n three_o and_o as_o touch_v a_o distress_n of_o common_a right_n it_o be_v in_o case_n where_o one_o do_v hold_v his_o land_n of_o his_o lord_n as_o of_o his_o manor_n to_o repair_v a_o bank_n wall_n or_o other_o work_n of_o sewer_n the_o lord_n of_o who_o these_o land_n be_v hold_v may_v distrain_v his_o tenant_n of_o common_a right_a to_o compel_v he_o to_o make_v these_o repair_n and_o the_o distress_n give_v in_o the_o say_a case_n of_o the_o coparcener_n and_o in_o the_o say_a case_n of_o amerciament_n in_o a_o court_n of_o leet_n seem_v both_o to_o be_v distress_n of_o common_a right_n and_o that_o the_o law_n be_v that_o a_o distress_n lie_v for_o a_o rate_n lot_n or_o tax_n impose_v by_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n it_o be_v manifest_a by_o the_o case_n of_o rook_n in_o cook_n 5_o report_n which_o be_v full_a and_o direct_a authority_n in_o the_o point_n in_o what_o place_n a_o distress_n be_v to_o be_v take_v now_o touch_v the_o place_n where_o these_o distress_n be_v to_o be_v take_v come_v next_o into_o our_o consideration_n wherein_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o matter_n distrain_v for_o and_o the_o power_n from_o whence_o the_o distress_n be_v derive_v be_v to_o be_v consider_v of_o and_o therefore_o if_o a_o lord_n do_v distrain_v his_o tenant_n ratione_fw-la tenurae_fw-la for_o to_o repair_v a_o wall_n bank_n or_o other_o defence_n this_o distress_n must_v be_v take_v on_o the_o ground_n hold_v by_o this_o tenure_n and_o not_o elsewhere_o for_o these_o ground_n be_v chargeable_a therewithal_o as_o the_o opinion_n of_o justice_n sylliard_n be_v 21_o ed._n 4._o fol._n 38._o but_o not_o as_o that_o case_n be_v but_o in_o point_n of_o tenure_n 4._o 21_o ed._n 4._o for_o there_o the_o case_n be_v that_o a_o presentment_n be_v find_v in_o hec_fw-la verba_fw-la videlicet_fw-la juratores_fw-la present_n '_o quod_fw-la est_fw-la communis_fw-la regius_fw-la via_fw-la in_o parochia_fw-la sancti_fw-la martini_n in_o campis_n in_o com'_n middlesex_n inter_fw-la hospitia_fw-la epis_n '_o dunelmensis_n &_o epis_n '_o norwich_n totalitur_fw-la superundat_fw-la '_o aquis_fw-la &_o quod_fw-la tam_fw-la domini_fw-la spirituales_fw-la quam_fw-la temporales_fw-la &_o justiciarii_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la &_o servientes_fw-la ad_fw-la legem_fw-la &_o omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la legis_fw-la ministri_fw-la &_o omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la per_fw-la viam_fw-la illam_fw-la versus_fw-la westmonaster_n '_o itinerante_v pro_fw-la legibus_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la ibidem_fw-la ministrandis_fw-la &_o observandis_fw-la sepius_fw-la impediuntur_fw-la per_fw-la quod_fw-la via_fw-la illa_fw-la totalliter_fw-la superinundata_fw-la existit_fw-la excessu_fw-la emanationis_fw-la aquae_fw-la pluvialis_fw-la ibidem_fw-la remanent_fw-la '_o quam_fw-la quidem_fw-la aquam_fw-la episcopus_fw-la norwicensis_fw-la rationae_fw-la tenurae_fw-la suae_fw-la ibidem_fw-la evacuaere_fw-la debuit_fw-la &_o quod_fw-la ipse_fw-la &_o omnes_fw-la predecessores_fw-la svi_fw-la ratione_fw-la tenurae_fw-la suae_fw-la ibidem_fw-la evacuaere_fw-la debent_fw-la and_o in_o this_o case_n i_o take_v it_o the_o land_n be_v charge_v not_o as_o in_o respect_n the_o bishop_n of_o norwich_n do_v hold_v the_o same_o of_o some_o lord_n by_o the_o tenure_n to_o repair_v the_o sewer_n to_o avoid_v the_o water_n but_o his_o land_n stand_v charge_v with_o the_o same_o as_o a_o charge_n impose_v thereon_o by_o custom_n or_o prescription_n as_o by_o the_o precedent_n itself_o appear_v for_o if_o the_o bishop_n of_o norwich_n have_v be_v
or_o grant_v to_o he_o as_o king_n but_o by_o record_n and_o in_o the_o same_o degree_n be_v a_o county_n palatine_n in_o his_o county_n because_o he_o have_v there_o jura_n regalis_fw-la and_o this_o livery_n and_o seisin_n may_v be_v actual_o and_o real_o do_v and_o perform_v or_o else_o it_o may_v be_v do_v within_o the_o view_n of_o the_o land_n intend_v to_o be_v convey_v and_o as_o touch_v livery_n and_o seisin_n to_o be_v actual_o effect_v if_o the_o feoffment_n contain_v land_n in_o two_o several_a county_n and_o livery_n and_o seisin_n be_v make_v in_o one_o county_n in_o name_n of_o both_o this_o will_v not_o pass_v the_o land_n in_o another_o county_n because_o the_o land_n pass_v by_o the_o livery_n which_o be_v local_a and_o not_o by_o the_o deed._n but_o in_o a_o exchange_n of_o land_n in_o two_o several_a county_n by_o deed_n the_o same_o be_v good_a for_o there_o the_o land_n pass_v by_o the_o deed._n but_o if_o one_o make_v a_o feoffment_n of_o a_o manor_n lie_v in_o demesn_a in_o the_o county_n of_o l._n and_o in_o service_n in_o the_o county_n of_o m._n these_o service_n and_o so_o rent_n will_v pass_v by_o attornment_n of_o the_o tenant_n though_o they_o lie_v in_o a_o foreign_a county_n and_o so_o of_o a_o advowson_n appendant_a and_o such_o like_a because_o those_o rent_n and_o service_n pass_v not_o by_o the_o local_a ceremony_n of_o livery_n and_o seisin_n but_o by_o the_o ceremony_n of_o attornment_n which_o be_v personal_a and_o depend_v upon_o the_o person_n which_o be_v transitory_a wherein_o i_o take_v this_o difference_n that_o if_o a_o feoffment_n be_v make_v of_o a_o manor_n by_o parol_n the_o advowson_n appendant_a villain_n regardant_a and_o rent_n and_o service_n by_o attornment_n of_o tenant_n will_v not_o pass_v to_o the_o feoffee_n till_o the_o demesn_n and_o land_n be_v first_o convey_v but_o if_o the_o feoffment_n be_v by_o deed_n than_o the_o rent_n and_o service_n will_v pass_v by_o attornment_n of_o the_o tenant_n and_o delivery_n of_o the_o deed_n before_o livery_n and_o seisin_n be_v make_v to_o pass_v the_o demesn_n then_o see_v that_o land_n in_o one_o county_n will_v not_o pass_v by_o feoffment_n by_o express_a livery_n make_v in_o a_o other_o county_n if_o then_o the_o same_o may_v be_v pass_v and_o convey_v by_o livery_n within_o the_o view_n be_v the_o question_n of_o our_o case_n and_o in_o my_o opinion_n they_o may_v because_o it_o be_v a_o ceremony_n perform_v by_o the_o eye_n which_o be_v a_o member_n or_o instrument_n which_o have_v his_o operation_n by_o aspect_n tam_fw-la procùl_fw-la quam_fw-la propè_fw-la but_o express_a livery_n and_o seisin_n which_o be_v do_v by_o the_o hand_n can_v in_o reason_n be_v extend_v to_o another_o place_n then_o where_o the_o body_n be_v and_o although_o the_o eye_n be_v fix_v in_o the_o head_n annex_v to_o the_o body_n yet_o like_o the_o sun_n his_o beam_n be_v carry_v afar_o of_o and_o this_o livery_n by_o the_o view_n be_v not_o a_o livery_n in_o the_o county_n where_o the_o body_n be_v but_o proper_o in_o the_o county_n where_o the_o land_n lie_v which_o be_v the_o object_n of_o the_o eye_n and_o in_o this_o case_n it_o be_v say_v to_o be_v livery_n only_o and_o not_o livery_n and_o seisin_n because_o the_o seisin_n be_v proper_o when_o the_o party_n enter_v and_o the_o entry_n of_o the_o party_n be_v that_o which_o perfect_v the_o work_n which_o be_v in_o proprio_fw-la commitatu_fw-la and_o for_o authority_n in_o the_o point_n 28._o ed._n 3._o foe_n 11._o there_o be_v a_o case_n according_a to_o my_o opinion_n where_o the_o husband_n at_o the_o church_n door_n when_o 11._o 18._o e._n 3._o foe_n 11._o he_o be_v to_o take_v one_o to_o wife_n he_o make_v a_o deed_n of_o feoffment_n of_o land_n lie_v in_o another_o county_n to_o the_o say_a woman_n and_o then_o deliver_v the_o deed_n to_o she_o and_o show_v she_o the_o land_n than_o they_o marry_v and_o he_o enter_v in_o claim_v to_o her_o use_n and_o these_o land_n be_v thereby_o well_o convey_v to_o the_o say_a woman_n by_o this_o livery_n within_o the_o view_n in_o another_o county_n now_o it_o be_v fit_a to_o be_v declare_v what_o view_n be_v sufficient_a for_o there_o be_v two_o manner_n of_o view_n the_o one_o general_n the_o other_o special_a in_o the_o special_a view_n every_o particular_a piece_n of_o ground_n be_v to_o be_v see_v but_o in_o the_o general_a view_n it_o suffice_v to_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o ground_n by_o the_o place_n they_o lie_v in_o and_o in_o my_o opinion_n the_o general_a view_n in_o my_o case_n will_v suffice_v for_o if_o one_o make_v a_o feoffment_n in_o fee_n of_o a_o whole_a island_n or_o of_o a_o whole_a manor_n or_o town_n and_o make_v livery_n thereof_o within_o the_o view_n this_o be_v good_a and_o yet_o it_o be_v not_o possible_a to_o view_v every_o particular_a piece_n of_o ground_n at_o once_o for_o tree_n house_n and_o hill_n may_v so_o be_v interpose_v that_o the_o view_n can_v not_o be_v take_v of_o some_o part_n thereof_o yet_o notwithstanding_o view_v of_o the_o rest_n will_v pass_v also_o if_o land_n be_v cover_v with_o water_n ice_n or_o snow_n these_o will_v pass_v well_o in_o a_o feoffment_n or_o livery_n in_o the_o view_n in_o brook_n title_n view_v plac_n 101._o the_o case_n there_o may_v give_v 101._o brook_z 101._o the_o rule_n to_o our_o case_n for_o there_o it_o be_v say_v in_o a_o writ_n of_o view_n it_o be_v not_o necessary_a that_o all_o particular_n in_o specie_fw-la shall_v be_v put_v in_o view_n but_o to_o see_v the_o field_n where_o the_o ground_n lie_v promiscuous_o it_o will_v suffice_v and_o be_v a_o good_a and_o perfect_a view_n sed_fw-la est_fw-la un_fw-fr auter_n diversity_n concernant_fw-la view_v carsi_n un_fw-fr fait_fw-fr feoffment_n de_fw-fr b._n acre_n que_fw-fr gist_n del_fw-it auter_n part_n dam_n mountain_n tout_fw-fr horse_n del_o view_v la_o liverey_n de_fw-fr ceo_fw-la nest_n bone_n sans_o express_v view_v tamen_fw-la tout_fw-fr voile_n passer_n per_n view_v de_fw-fr part_n &_o sic_fw-la in_o mon_fw-fr case_n on_o part_n '_o gist_n south_n le_fw-fr flood_n deal_v mere_a ceo_fw-la non_fw-la obstant_fw-la pass_v ut_fw-la parcel_n del_fw-it manor_n ascun_n aver_v teneus_fw-la &_o ceo_fw-la knightley_n pour_fw-fr un_fw-fr in_o 28._o h._n 8._o in_o 8._o 28._o h._n 8._o dier_n que_fw-fr livercy_fw-fr dein_n le_fw-fr view_v doit_fw-fr tout_fw-fr foit_n este_fw-la fait_fw-fr in_fw-la case_n the_o necessity_n ceo_fw-la urge_v in_o respect_n deal_v choose_v ou_fw-fr del_o person_n deal_v choose_v quia_fw-la leterre_fw-fr gist_n del_fw-it further_a side_n dun_a grand_a ewe_n ou_fw-fr in_o le_fw-fr ewe_n ou_fw-fr ne_fw-fr pvit_fw-fr host_n facile_a access_n del_fw-it person_n quia_fw-la que_fw-fr le_fw-fr feoffor_n ou_fw-fr feoffee_n soit_fw-fr lame_a ou_fw-fr infirm_a &_o detraher_o ceo_fw-la in_o question_n jeo_n aye_o miss_v mon_fw-fr case_n quia_fw-la le_fw-fr feoffment_n &_o liverey_n fuit_fw-la ad_fw-la plenitudinem_fw-la maris_fw-la tamen_fw-la jeo_n sue_v the_o opinion_n que_fw-fr liverey_n dein_n le_fw-fr view_v pvit_fw-fr este_fw-la fait_fw-fr sans_fw-fr ascun_fw-fr matter_n de_fw-fr necessity_n ceo_fw-la urge_v &_o ceo_fw-la jeo_n collect_v per_fw-mi le_fw-fr liver_n the_o 42._o ed._n 3._o fitz._n feoffment_n 54._o when_o the_o son_n do_v give_v back_o the_o land_n to_o his_o father_n as_o free_o as_o his_o father_n have_v 3._o 42._o ed._n 3._o former_o give_v the_o same_o to_o he_o and_o this_o be_v within_o the_o view_n and_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v that_o either_o this_o livery_n or_o the_o other_o make_v to_o the_o say_a woman_n in_o 28._o ed._n 3._o be_v make_v of_o any_o necessity_n urge_v the_o same_o and_o there_o be_v some_o person_n which_o can_v neither_o give_v nor_o take_v by_o livery_n within_o the_o view_n and_o that_o be_v where_o the_o feoffor_a or_o feoffee_n be_v blind_a so_o a_o major_a and_o commonalty_n dean_n and_o chapter_n or_o other_o corporate_a and_o politic_a capacity_n can_v give_v or_o take_v within_o the_o view_n some_o have_v hold_v a_o difference_n that_o a_o parson_n of_o a_o church_n may_v not_o take_v by_o livery_n within_o the_o view_n to_o he_o and_o his_o successor_n because_o that_o come_v to_o he_o in_o his_o politic_a capacity_n which_o have_v no_o eye_n but_o if_o he_o be_v seize_v in_o the_o right_n of_o his_o church_n that_o he_o may_v infeoff_v i._o s._n thereof_o by_o livery_n within_o the_o view_n because_o this_o be_v a_o wrong_n to_o the_o church_n and_o therefore_o conceit_n a_o conceit_n be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o his_o natural_a capacity_n which_o have_v eye_n but_o the_o main_a point_n in_o my_o case_n be_v whether_o livery_n within_o the_o view_n may_v be_v give_v and_o take_v by_o attorney_n and_o whether_o the_o view_n be_v so_o incident_a to_o the_o person_n that_o it_o
depend_v upon_o other_o and_o many_o such_o double_a contingent_n may_v be_v put_v the_o case_n of_o sir_n edward_n cook_n put_v in_o the_o end_n of_o the_o rector_n of_o cheddingtons_n case_n out_o of_o 12_o lib._n ass_n pl._n 5._o in_o my_o assize_n 12_o lib._n assize_n opinion_n do_v not_o disallow_v the_o second_o condition_n for_o there_o the_o case_n be_v that_o a._n lease_v to_o b._n upon_o condition_n that_o if_o a._n or_o his_o heir_n pay_v to_o b._n ten_o pound_n within_o a_o certain_a day_n that_o they_o may_v re-enter_v and_o if_o a._n nor_o his_o heir_n shall_v not_o pay_v the_o ten_o pound_n within_o the_o time_n then_o if_o b._n pay_v to_o a._n ten_o pound_n at_o another_o day_n that_o he_o shall_v have_v fee_n both_o a._n and_o b._n fail_v in_o payment_n and_o a._n enter_v and_o be_v put_v out_o bring_v a_o assize_n and_o nihil_fw-la caepit_fw-la per_fw-la breve_fw-la this_o do_v not_o prove_v that_o one_o condition_n can_v depend_v upon_o another_o neither_o can_v i_o see_v well_o what_o exposition_n to_o make_v of_o so_o uncertain_a a_o case_n so_o that_o i_o take_v this_o case_n to_o be_v no_o evidence_n against_o i_o but_o in_o the_o 14_o h._n 8._o fol._n 15._o there_o be_v a_o case_n which_o in_o my_o 15._o 14_o h._n 8._o fol._n 15._o opinion_n make_v more_o against_o my_o double_a condition_n then_o any_o other_o which_o be_v put_v by_o brudnel_n chief_a justice_n that_o be_v if_o a._n be_v bind_v in_o a_o obligation_n to_o b._n upon_o condition_n to_o infeoff_v i._o s._n before_o easter_n ensue_v than_o the_o obligation_n to_o be_v void_a and_o if_o he_o do_v not_o infeoff_v he_o then_o to_o pay_v ten_o pound_n at_o pentecost_n than_o the_o obligation_n to_o be_v void_a the_o feoffment_n be_v not_o make_v before_o easter_n therefore_o brudnel_n hold_v the_o obligation_n be_v forfeit_v and_o that_o the_o second_o condition_n be_v not_o good_a but_o there_o be_v a_o quaere_fw-la set_v upon_o that_o case_n and_o so_o it_o may_v well_o be_v for_o i_o see_v it_o common_o do_v that_o if_o a_o defesan_n be_v make_v of_o a_o statute_n which_o be_v break_v and_o so_o the_o statute_n become_v forfeit_a yet_o a_o new_a defesan_n may_v defeat_v it_o and_o so_o in_o my_o opinion_n may_v the_o second_o condition_n in_o this_o case_n avoid_v the_o obligation_n if_o the_o first_o conclusion_n have_v not_o be_v in_o the_o case_n i_o shall_v add_v this_o case_n also_o as_o a_o conceit_n that_o be_v a._n infeoff_n b._n upon_o condition_n if_o a._n go_v to_o lincoln_n he_o shall_v have_v the_o conceit_n a_o conceit_n land_n to_o he_o and_o the_o heir_n of_o his_o body_n and_o if_o he_o go_v to_o boston_n he_o shall_v have_v it_o for_o ten_o year_n and_o he_o go_v first_o to_o boston_n i_o do_v here_o hold_v these_o condition_n be_v put_v promiscuous_o without_o distinction_n of_o the_o time_n of_o the_o condition_n which_o shall_v be_v first_o perform_v and_o which_o the_o second_o that_o the_o fee_n be_v decrease_v into_o a_o estate_n for_o year_n and_o can_v never_o increase_v into_o a_o estate_n in_o tail_n by_o perform_v of_o the_o second_o condition_n because_o the_o livery_n out_o of_o which_o it_o shall_v grow_v be_v quite_o destroy_v by_o the_o first_o decreaser_n so_o that_o my_o intent_n point_n sâ—â—ond_a point_n appear_v that_o one_o condition_n may_v depend_v upon_o another_o upon_o the_o say_a distinction_n but_o whether_o by_o the_o performance_n of_o the_o first_o condition_n in_o my_o case_n there_o will_v a_o estate_n come_v to_o b._n or_o not_o i_o mean_v it_o for_o a_o question_n for_o b._n have_v before_o a_o estate_n for_o his_o own_o life_n then_o be_v it_o not_o possible_a that_o his_o estate_n can_v hereby_o be_v increase_v by_o have_v the_o land_n also_o for_o the_o life_n of_o c._n if_o it_o be_v admit_v argumenti_fw-la gratia_fw-la that_o b._n shall_v or_o may_v have_v both_o these_o estate_n stand_v in_o he_o both_o at_o one_o time_n for_o if_o c._n die_v first_o then_o be_v b._n never_o like_v to_o have_v any_o benefit_n thereof_o and_o if_o b._n himself_o shall_v die_v before_o c._n then_o also_o be_v it_o impossible_a for_o b._n to_o make_v any_o use_n of_o this_o estate_n for_o the_o life_n of_o c._n unless_o it_o be_v in_o he_o to_o grant_v away_o to_o another_o as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o office_n in_o the_o 1_o h._n 7._o where_o a_o office_n case_n 1_o h._n 7._o 29._o crofts_n case_n be_v grant_v to_o the_o king_n the_o king_n can_v not_o have_v the_o office_n himself_o and_o so_o in_o that_o point_n for_o the_o king_n to_o take_v by_o the_o grant_n he_o can_v not_o yet_o by_o that_o book_n it_o be_v in_o he_o to_o grant_v over_o to_o another_o which_o may_v have_v it_o and_o like_v to_o this_o be_v the_o case_n where_o i._o s._n be_v parson_n of_o the_o church_n of_o dale_n and_o the_o patron_n grant_v the_o next_o avoidance_n this_o grant_n can_v he_o himself_o take_v no_o benefit_n by_o unless_o he_o resign_v yet_o if_o he_o die_v it_o shall_v come_v to_o his_o executor_n but_o i_o take_v the_o law_n to_o be_v in_o my_o case_n that_o b._n shall_v not_o by_o the_o first_o condition_n have_v both_o the_o estate_n in_o he_o at_o once_o that_o be_v for_o his_o own_o life_n and_o after_o for_o the_o life_n of_o c._n but_o that_o the_o estate_n of_o b._n by_o the_o first_o condition_n shall_v be_v decrease_v or_o change_v from_o his_o own_o life_n into_o the_o life_n of_o c._n and_o shall_v be_v melt_v and_o new_o mould_v by_o this_o condition_n for_o a_o estate_n may_v as_o well_o decrease_v as_o increase_v by_o a_o condition_n and_o yet_o the_o lord_n staffords_n principal_a case_n be_v that_o queen_n elizabeth_n do_v grant_v the_o manor_n to_o tindal_n and_o the_o heir_n of_o his_o body_n upon_o condition_n upon_o payment_n of_o twenty_o shilling_n to_o she_o by_o tindal_n that_o he_o shall_v have_v the_o reversion_n to_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n and_o there_o it_o be_v hold_v for_o law_n that_o by_o the_o payment_n of_o twenty_o shilling_n the_o reversion_n in_o fee_n simple_a shall_v increase_v to_o tindal_n and_o shall_v not_o alter_v or_o drown_v the_o estate_n tail_n which_o be_v a_o excellent_a case_n but_o alter_v the_o put_n of_o that_o case_n and_o then_o it_o may_v alter_v the_o law_n also_o that_o be_v i_o give_v land_n to_o i._n s._n and_o the_o heir_n of_o his_o body_n upon_o condition_n conceit_n a_o conceit_n if_o he_o pay_v i_o twenty_o shilling_n that_o he_o shall_v have_v the_o say_v land_n to_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n in_o my_o conceit_n by_o the_o performance_n of_o this_o condition_n the_o estate_n tail_n be_v by_o increase_n change_v into_o a_o fee_n simple_a in_o which_o note_v the_o difference_n between_o tindals_n case_n and_o this_o where_o upon_o payment_n of_o 20._o s._n the_o reversion_n be_v grant_v to_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n and_o where_o the_o word_n be_v that_o upon_o payment_n of_o twenty_o shilling_n he_o shall_v have_v the_o land_n to_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n in_o the_o first_o case_n the_o fee-simple_n accrue_v shall_v not_o alter_v the_o estate_n tail_n but_o in_o the_o second_o case_n by_o the_o fee_n increase_v the_o estate_n tail_n be_v determine_v and_o change_v into_o a_o fee_n simple_a quod_fw-la quaere_fw-la admit_v the_o first_o condition_n do_v increase_v the_o estate_n of_o b._n from_o his_o own_o life_n to_o the_o life_n of_o c._n and_o the_o second_o condition_n be_v perform_v by_o the_o which_o another_o estate_n will_v accrue_v to_o b._n as_o i_o take_v it_o will_v because_o a_o estate_n decrease_v be_v parcel_n of_o the_o first_o estate_n then_o what_o estate_n b._n have_v get_v by_o this_o new_a limitation_n be_v the_o question_n and_o in_o my_o opinion_n he_o have_v at_o the_o most_o but_o get_v a_o estate_n again_o for_o his_o own_o life_n and_o that_o the_o limitation_n to_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o body_n of_o his_o father_n be_v utter_o void_a be_v his_o father_n dead_a or_o alive_a for_o if_o his_o father_n be_v dead_a his_o elder_a brother_n be_v the_o heir_n of_o his_o body_n within_o these_o word_n of_o limitation_n who_o can_v take_v the_o land_n by_o descent_n tail_n littleton_n estate_n tail_n from_o b._n his_o brother_n or_o from_o his_o father_n but_o as_o the_o case_n be_v put_v in_o littleton_n title_n tail_n and_o in_o the_o 4_o and_o 5_o ma._n in_o dier_n ereswould_v dier_n 4_o &_o 5_o ma._n dier_n case_n where_o land_n be_v give_v to_o the_o elder_a son_n and_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o body_n of_o his_o father_n this_o be_v a_o good_a estate_n in_o tail_n be_v make_v to_o the_o elder_a son_n because_o he_o be_v capable_a to_o take_v the_o land_n in_o
in_o their_o convocation_n house_n a_o council_n mere_o consist_v of_o the_o clergy_n and_o then_o be_v confirm_v in_o parliament_n of_o which_o house_n also_o they_o be_v a_o member_n and_o therefore_o in_o my_o opinion_n see_v tithe_n be_v so_o sacred_a a_o duty_n that_o a_o layman_n can_v not_o have_v any_o help_n for_o at_o the_o common_a law_n and_o be_v exempt_a from_o temporal_a and_o profane_a use_n i_o be_o therefore_o of_o opinion_n that_o they_o be_v not_o to_o be_v rate_v or_o tax_v by_o the_o general_a word_n of_o these_o law_n yet_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o tithe_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o a_o temporal_a or_o layman_n be_v to_o be_v rate_v by_o these_o law_n for_o when_o they_o be_v come_v into_o his_o hand_n tunc_fw-la res_fw-la spirituales_fw-la fiunt_fw-la temporales_fw-la &_o transeunt_fw-la decimae_fw-la in_o catalla_fw-la but_o i_o must_v here_o leave_v these_o ecclesiastical_a person_n and_o their_o church_n living_n there_o be_v another_o point_n of_o this_o law_n will_v reach_v unto_o some_o of_o their_o possession_n as_o to_o their_o gleab_n land_n which_o belong_v to_o their_o church_n and_o their_o meadow_n and_o pasture_n ground_n for_o these_o be_v not_o sacred_a as_o tithe_n be_v but_o come_v to_o they_o by_o the_o benevolent_a gift_n of_o layman_n and_o not_o ex_fw-la duo_fw-la dei_fw-la &_o evangelii_n as_o tithe_n do_v and_o so_o they_o take_v that_o burden_n with_o they_o from_o the_o lay-donor_n which_o after_o may_v be_v impose_v upon_o they_o and_o therefore_o such_o parson_n vicar_n or_o other_o spiritual_a person_n which_o hold_v a_o plough_n land_n in_o culture_n be_v chargeable_a by_o the_o statute_n of_o 2_o mar._n towards_o the_o repair_n of_o the_o highway_n as_o other_o lay_v man_n be_v but_o in_o that_o statute_n there_o be_v ecclesiastical_a officer_n use_v as_o churchwarden_n whereby_o it_o be_v conceive_v that_o that_o statute_n have_v a_o eye_n to_o bring_v ecclesiastical_a person_n within_o the_o reach_n of_o it_o and_o so_o for_o their_o house_n and_o ground_n i_o take_v they_o to_o be_v within_o these_o law_n of_o the_o sewer_n for_o the_o own_o land_n be_v also_o chargeable_a thereunto_o and_o yet_o on_o earth_n within_o his_o dominion_n he_o be_v say_v to_o be_v caput_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la and_o as_o much_o reason_n be_v it_o to_o exempt_v his_o possession_n as_o theris_fw-la if_o the_o respect_n of_o the_o person_n shall_v bear_v any_o such_o sway_n in_o the_o case_n also_o i_o do_v find_v by_o divers_a ancient_a record_n that_o abbey_n priory_n and_o other_o spiritual_a possession_n have_v be_v chargeable_a to_o the_o repair_n of_o bridge_n calceys_n banks_n and_o highway_n by_o custom_n and_o prescription_n as_o appear_v also_o by_o the_o book_n of_o 11_o h._n 4._o fol._n 82_o 83._o and_o 44_o ed._n 3._o fitz._n 3._o 11_o h_n 4._o 44._o e._n 3._o title_n bar._n pl._n 301._o and_o i_o take_v it_o that_o by_o a_o very_o express_v and_o special_a custom_n or_o prescription_n a_o portion_n of_o tithe_n in_o a_o clergy_n man_n hand_n may_v be_v charge_v with_o the_o the_o repair_v of_o bridge_n way_n wall_n or_o sea_n banks_n but_o not_o without_o a_o direct_a affirmative_a custom_n for_o i_o suppose_v that_o they_o may_v as_o well_o endure_v a_o charge_n in_o this_o kind_n as_o a_o charge_n in_o a_o modus_fw-la decimandi_fw-la and_o so_o i_o conclude_v this_o part_n of_o the_o case_n that_o the_o person_n be_v not_o to_o be_v sess_v for_o his_o tithe_n by_o the_o general_a word_n of_o of_o this_o law_n a_o copyholder_n here_o be_v also_o a_o copyholder_n tax_v within_o my_o case_n for_o his_o copyhold_n land_n and_o whether_o he_o for_o his_o copyhold_n and_o the_o lord_n for_o the_o freehold_a of_o that_o soil_n shall_v be_v assess_v therefore_o be_v another_o question_n a_o copyhold_n by_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o manor_n yield_v and_o afford_v to_o the_o lord_n seignory_n rent_n fines_n due_a upon_o admittance_n and_o such_o like_a duty_n but_o the_o copyholder_n have_v the_o real_a and_o visible_a profit_n of_o the_o soil_n &_o therefore_o both_o lord_n &_o copyholder_n receive_v et_fw-la commodum_fw-la &_o salvationem_fw-la by_o the_o say_a defence_n and_o therefore_o the_o word_n of_o this_o law_n be_v exceed_o copious_a and_o full_a in_o this_o point_n of_o sesse_v viz._n to_o inquire_v who_o have_v and_o hold_v any_o land_n or_o tenement_n or_o common_a of_o pasture_n or_o fish_v or_o have_v or_o may_v have_v any_o hurt_n or_o damage_n or_o loss_n by_o any_o mean_n in_o or_o near_o the_o say_a place_n and_o in_o this_o case_n the_o lord_n hold_v the_o say_a land_n in_o tenure_n though_o not_o in_o culture_n and_o many_o way_n may_v have_v hurt_v and_o damage_n as_o if_o the_o copyhold_n be_v overflow_v by_o the_o sea_n the_o lord_n shall_v lose_v his_o freehold_n of_o the_o soil_n his_o seignory_n yearly_a rent_n and_o fine_n for_o admittance_n and_o all_o other_o perquesites_n so_o that_o the_o say_v word_n of_o this_o stature_n beat_v main_o upon_o he_o but_o as_o there_o be_v reason_n to_o be_v urge_v against_o he_o so_o there_o be_v matter_n to_o exempt_v he_o from_o this_o charge_n and_o to_o lay_v the_o burden_n on_o the_o copyholder_n first_o though_o he_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o copyhold_n yet_o he_o be_v seize_v of_o the_o freehold_a thereof_o but_o in_o imagination_n and_o construction_n of_o the_o law_n for_o the_o copyholder_n be_v pernor_n and_o taker_n of_o the_o visible_a and_o substantial_a profit_n second_o the_o charge_n of_o repair_n respect_v the_o possessioner_n in_o presenti_fw-la which_o be_v easy_a to_o be_v find_v out_o and_o not_o imaginary_a owner_n as_o the_o lord_n be_v and_o three_o if_o the_o lord_n &_o owner_n shall_v both_o be_v charge_v pro_fw-la una_fw-la eademque_fw-la re_fw-la which_o the_o law_n do_v never_o permit_v for_o this_o be_v not_o like_o the_o case_n of_o lord_n and_o commoner_n they_o there_o shall_v be_v charge_v the_o one_o for_o his_o soil_n and_o the_o other_o for_o his_o common_a for_o in_o this_o case_n the_o lord_n be_v the_o immediate_a proprietor_n of_o the_o soil_n and_o he_o have_v the_o present_a and_o real_a occupation_n thereof_o as_o well_o as_o the_o commoner_n have_v the_o use_n of_o his_o common_a and_o therefore_o they_o shall_v both_o be_v tax_v to_o these_o repair_v diversis_fw-la tamen_fw-la respectis_fw-la but_o for_o the_o copyholder_n it_o may_v be_v object_v that_o he_o be_v not_o within_o this_o statute_n for_o in_o heidons_n case_n in_o sir_n edward_n case_n hcidons_n case_n cook_n 3_o report_n it_o be_v true_o say_v that_o a_o copyholder_n be_v not_o within_o the_o law_n and_o statute_n which_o alter_v the_o service_n tenure_n interest_n of_o the_o land_n or_o other_o thing_n in_o prejudice_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o this_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o a_o copyholder_n land_n can_v be_v extend_v or_o put_v in_o execution_n upon_o the_o statute_n of_o westminster_n the_o second_o nor_o in_o extent_n upon_o the_o statute_n of_o acton_n burnel_n and_o de_fw-fr mercatoribus_fw-la for_o if_o they_o shall_v then_o may_v the_o sheriff_n make_v the_o lord_n new_a tenant_n without_o surrender_n and_o admittance_n which_o be_v contrary_a to_o custom_n the_o life_n and_o essence_n of_o all_o copyhold_n yet_o there_o be_v another_o good_a rule_n put_v in_o the_o say_a case_n of_o heidon_n that_o be_v that_o where_o a_o statute_n be_v make_v for_o the_o general_a good_a and_o wealth_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o that_o no_o prejudice_n can_v come_v to_o the_o lord_n by_o alteration_n of_o tenure_n service_n estate_n or_o custom_n there_o copyhold_n may_v well_o be_v within_o those_o statute_n therefore_o now_o it_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v whether_o this_o statute_n of_o sewer_n will_v in_o any_o sort_n hurt_n or_o prejudice_v the_o lord_n or_o no_o for_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o these_o law_n tend_v as_o much_o to_o the_o wealth_n and_o welfare_n of_o this_o realm_n as_o any_o can_v do_v and_o in_o rate_v and_o assess_v these_o copyhold_n to_o the_o repair_v of_o bank_n wall_n and_o sewer_n etc._n etc._n it_o alter_v neither_o the_o copyholder_n interest_n nor_o the_o lord_n tenure_n nor_o do_v it_o in_o any_o sort_n prejudice_v the_o custom_n of_o the_o manor_n but_o than_o it_o may_v be_v object_v that_o if_o sesse_v be_v impose_v upon_o a_o copyholder_n for_o his_o land_n and_o be_v not_o pay_v these_o law_n give_v sale_n of_o land_n which_o indeed_o be_v the_o only_a clause_n of_o this_o statute_n which_o be_v material_a to_o exempt_v a_o copyholder_n out_o of_o these_o law_n for_o clear_o i_o take_v it_o that_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n have_v no_o power_n to_o decree_v the_o copyhold_n land_n away_o for_o nonpayment_n of_o the_o sesse_v yet_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o a_o copyholder_n though_o he_o be_v not_o within_o
argument_n as_o i_o do_v my_o case_n that_o the_o new_a bank_n new_a river_n and_o old_a sewer_n be_v well_o decree_v but_o that_o the_o assess_v be_v void_a in_o toto_fw-la &_o in_fw-la qualibet_fw-la parte_fw-la finis_fw-la secundae_fw-la lecturae_fw-la lectura_fw-la tertia_fw-la in_o my_o two_o precede_a case_n the_o main_a body_n of_o this_o great_a law_n be_v contrive_v and_o therefore_o i_o take_v a_o great_a &_o large_a compass_n in_o my_o argument_n therein_o then_o otherwise_o i_o will_v have_v do_v and_o i_o be_o now_o come_v to_o the_o execution_n of_o these_o law_n wherein_o the_o life_n and_o livelihood_n of_o all_o law_n consist_v and_o it_o may_v well_o be_v say_v of_o execution_n as_o mr._n plowden_n in_o zouch_n and_o stowel_n case_n come_v blow_n come_v in_o his_o commentary_n fol._n 358._o say_v of_o a_o fine_a that_o it_o be_v finis_fw-la fructus_fw-la exitus_fw-la &_o effectus_fw-la legis_fw-la so_o be_v execution_n the_o fruit_n issue_n and_o end_n of_o the_o law_n and_o without_o it_o nothing_o be_v effectual_a and_o till_o it_o come_v nothing_o be_v material_a for_o to_o begin_v a_o suit_n and_o stay_v at_o the_o declaration_n be_v a_o fruitless_a enterprise_n and_o to_o proceed_v on_o to_o judgement_n and_o to_o go_v no_o further_o be_v like_o a_o traveller_n which_o undertake_v a_o journey_n and_o return_n or_o sit_v down_o without_o further_a move_a before_o he_o come_v at_o the_o end_n of_o his_o intend_a progress_n law_n as_o cicero_n say_v be_v but_o mutus_fw-la magistratus_fw-la the_o magistrate_n be_v lex_fw-la loquens_fw-la but_o i_o shall_v add_v something_o which_o cicero_n cicero_n upon_o the_o matter_n be_v the_o sum_n of_o all_o thing_n that_o be_v that_o executio_fw-la est_fw-la lex_fw-la agens_fw-la and_o because_o i_o esteem_v the_o time_n to_o be_v almost_o lose_v or_o misspend_v which_o be_v prologue_v out_o in_o preamble_n i_o will_v therefore_o now_o brief_o divide_v this_o part_n of_o this_o statute_n into_o these_o ensue_a head_n either_o in_o punish_v the_o body_n and_o person_n of_o the_o delinquent_n with_o imprisonment_n fine_a or_o amerciament_n or_o in_o do_v execution_n upon_o the_o offender_n good_n by_o distress_n or_o by_o the_o absolute_a sale_n thereof_o or_o otherwise_o in_o extend_v upon_o the_o real_a estate_n by_o charge_v the_o land_n in_o perpetuity_n or_o temporary_o or_o by_o the_o absolute_a sale_n thereof_o the_o true_a and_o due_a execution_n of_o all_o these_o in_o a_o just_a legal_a equal_a and_o qualify_a decree_n require_v of_o all_o other_o part_n of_o law_n this_o great_a and_o true_a discretion_n consideration_n wisdom_n and_o judgement_n of_o the_o commissioner_n and_o i_o take_v it_o it_o may_v stand_v as_o a_o ground_n infallible_a that_o there_o be_v as_o many_o degree_n of_o punishment_n as_o there_o be_v offence_n it_o behoove_v therefore_o the_o commissioner_n to_o be_v circumspect_a that_o they_o apply_v to_o every_o offence_n his_o due_a punishment_n for_o it_o be_v injustice_n to_o punish_v the_o offence_n commit_v in_o a_o wrong_a degree_n to_o pronounce_v a_o traitor_n judgement_n upon_o a_o felon_n or_o a_o felon_n judgement_n upon_o a_o traitor_n be_v grand_a misprision_n to_o imprison_v the_o body_n or_o to_o fine_a the_o person_n where_o a_o amerciament_n be_v only_o due_a be_v not_o only_a injustice_n in_o the_o commissioner_n but_o thereby_o also_o their_o discretion_n be_v to_o be_v draw_v in_o question_n and_o censure_v and_o see_v the_o statute_n do_v so_o much_o lie_v upon_o discretion_n of_o the_o commissioner_n as_o in_o many_o part_n of_o this_o law_n it_o be_v mention_v it_o seem_v the_o parliament_n do_v give_v they_o to_o understand_v that_o such_o as_o be_v to_o meddle_v in_o those_o affair_n shall_v be_v both_o discreet_a and_o wise_a and_o shall_v strive_v to_o become_v learn_v in_o those_o affair_n and_o therefore_o for_o the_o better_a furnish_n of_o they_o with_o the_o true_a understanding_n of_o the_o say_a part_n of_o this_o statute_n i_o have_v frame_v a_o case_n thereupon_o which_o do_v give_v just_a occasion_n to_o treat_v full_o of_o they_o all_o the_o three_o case_n a._n give_v the_o office_n of_o a_o ranger_n of_o a_o forest_n to_o which_o a_o manor_n be_v belong_v to_o i._o s._n &_o abnepti_n and_o to_o the_o heir_n male_n and_o female_n of_o their_o body_n in_o frank_a marriage_n and_o die_v b._n and_o c._n their_o legitimate_a son_n and_o daughter_n and_o d._n their_o bastard_n daughter_n enter_v and_o die_v in_o seisin_n and_o e._n her_o daughter_n enter_v the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n at_o a_o court_n make_v a_o law_n that_o a_o goat_n shall_v be_v repair_v and_o assess_v several_o a._n b._n c._n and_o e._n to_o do_v it_o upon_o surmise_n that_o they_o all_o have_v benefit_n b._n and_o c._n refuse_v to_o obey_v for_o which_o b._n be_v imprison_v and_o c._n be_v fine_v a._n and_o e._n tender_a plea_n of_o discharge_n which_o be_v refuse_v and_o they_o be_v several_o amerce_v and_o a_o law_n make_v that_o a._n shall_v be_v distrain_v and_o for_o nonpayment_n the_o distress_n to_o be_v sell_v without_o allowance_n of_o replevin_n and_o the_o interest_n of_o e._n shall_v be_v also_o sell_v because_o she_o have_v nothing_o to_o be_v distrain_v by_o i_o conclude_v the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n have_v do_v due_a justice_n upon_o the_o offender_n in_o every_o part_n of_o this_o law_n argumentum_fw-la lectoris_fw-la the_o passage_n of_o this_o case_n be_v both_o at_o the_o common_a law_n and_o by_o this_o statute_n the_o common_a law_n be_v the_o mean_n but_o the_o statute_n be_v the_o matter_n i_o must_v insist_v upon_o but_o see_v the_o statute_n law_n can_v receive_v no_o due_a construction_n but_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o common_a law_n i_o have_v therefore_o make_v a_o harmonial_a composition_n of_o they_o both_o in_o my_o case_n and_o i_o do_v distinguish_v and_o branch_v out_o my_o case_n into_o these_o ensue_a point_n point_n at_o the_o common_a law_n imprimis_fw-la whether_o this_o office_n may_v be_v entail_v or_o not_o second_o whether_o it_o be_v a_o ordinary_a entail_n or_o a_o frank-mariage_n three_o whether_o the_o bastard_n be_v inheritable_a to_o this_o estate_n or_o not_o point_n upon_o the_o statute_n first_o whether_o the_o commissioner_n have_v a_o court_n or_o only_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o commission_n without_o a_o court_n second_o whether_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n have_v power_n to_o imprison_v and_o to_o fine_a if_o so_o then_o whether_o they_o have_v well_o behave_v themselves_o in_o this_o case_n or_o not_o three_o whether_o this_o law_n do_v admit_v of_o any_o plea_n and_o especial_o of_o plea_n of_o discharge_n four_o whether_o the_o law_n make_v touch_v the_o distress_n be_v well_o make_v because_o it_o seem_v prima_fw-la fancy_n to_o oppose_v a_o main_a point_n of_o the_o common_a law_n in_o deny_v of_o replevin_n five_o and_o last_o if_o the_o law_n make_v for_o sale_n of_o land_n of_o tenement_n in_o tail_n be_v warrant_v by_o this_o statute_n or_o not_o these_o be_v the_o material_n of_o this_o case_n wherein_o you_o may_v perceive_v by_o the_o beginning_n what_o you_o be_v to_o expect_v in_o the_o sequel_n and_o conclusion_n of_o my_o argument_n these_o point_n upon_o the_o statute_n be_v of_o great_a consequence_n and_o importance_n and_o tend_v much_o into_o the_o power_n of_o these_o law_n in_o the_o handle_n whereof_o according_a to_o my_o wont_a fashion_n i_o intend_v to_o maintain_v the_o affirmative_n of_o my_o case_n first_o point_n i_o do_v not_o intend_v it_o a_o point_n of_o any_o importance_n in_o my_o case_n whether_o land_n may_v belong_v to_o a_o office_n for_o that_o in_o the_o 1_o h._n 7._o fol._n 28._o in_o sir_n robert_n crofts_n case_n it_o be_v resolve_v it_o may_v for_o there_o land_n do_v belong_v to_o the_o office_n 7._o 1_o h._n 7._o of_o a_o forester_n and_o may_v belong_v to_o the_o office_n of_o the_o warden_n of_o the_o fleet_n and_o also_o to_o a_o corody_n which_o be_v no_o office_n and_o these_o as_o well_o as_o to_o a_o spiritual_a office_n parson_n vicar_n prebend_n or_o such_o like_a but_o whether_o or_o no_o these_o land_n may_v be_v part_v from_o the_o office_n by_o alienation_n i_o think_v that_o a_o argumentable_a point_n in_o 6_o h._n 8._o dyer_n f._n 2._o empsons_n case_n it_o be_v say_v 8._o 6_o h._n 8._o if_o the_o king_n create_v a_o duke_n &_o grant_v to_o he_o a_o anuity_n to_o maintain_v his_o dignity_n that_o annuity_n be_v so_o incident_a to_o his_o dignity_n as_o it_o can_v not_o be_v sever_v therefrom_o and_o so_o of_o land_n belong_v to_o a_o parson_n vicar_n bishop_n or_o such_o like_a because_o they_o be_v give_v to_o the_o maintenance_n of_o they_o in_o their_o place_n and_o therefore_o if_o these_o be_v sever_v they_o may_v be_v recontinue_a
again_o to_o their_o successor_n and_o in_o the_o case_n of_o sir_n henry_n nevil_n in_o plo._n com._n a_o office_n of_o a_o parker_n be_v grant_v to_o two_o and_o a_o annuity_n for_o the_o exercise_n of_o it_o and_o it_o be_v there_o resolve_v that_o the_o annuity_n may_v not_o be_v sever_v from_o the_o office_n and_o so_o it_o may_v be_v say_v in_o my_o case_n that_o the_o manor_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o office_n be_v at_o the_o first_o lay_v thereto_o or_o give_v therewithal_o for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o officer_n in_o his_o place_n by_o the_o founder_n and_o so_o may_v not_o be_v sever_v therefrom_o without_o his_o consent_n and_o touch_v the_o intail_v of_o the_o office_n of_o the_o ranger_n of_o a_o forest_n it_o be_v hold_v in_o mancel_v case_n in_o the_o comment_n of_o mr._n plowden_n that_o the_o office_n of_o a_o bailiff_n or_o receiver_n of_o the_o rent_n of_o a_o manor_n may_v be_v entail_v so_o a_o use_n and_o a_o copyhold_n because_o these_o concern_v and_o depend_v upon_o land_n but_o the_o office_n of_o the_o master_n of_o the_o hawk_n or_o the_o mastership_n of_o the_o horse_n can_v not_o be_v give_v in_o tail_n within_o the_o statute_n of_o west_n 2._o de_fw-la donis_fw-la conditionalibus_fw-la nor_o a_o annuity_n which_o charge_v the_o person_n yet_o all_o these_o may_v be_v give_v or_o grant_v within_o these_o entail_v limitation_n but_o yet_o they_o be_v no_o intail_v within_o that_o statute_n i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o the_o office_n of_o a_o ranger_n of_o a_o forest_n can_v of_o itself_o be_v give_v in_o tail_n but_o have_v a_o manor_n belong_v to_o it_o make_v the_o question_n of_o more_o moment_n for_o as_o the_o office_n dese_fw-fr be_v not_o intailable_a so_o the_o land_n per_fw-mi se_fw-mi may_v be_v entail_v but_o land_n in_o our_o case_n be_v not_o the_o principal_a but_o the_o accessary_a &_o accessorium_fw-la sequitur_fw-la suum_fw-la principale_n and_o therefore_o see_v the_o land_n follow_v the_o office_n as_o the_o shadow_n do_v the_o body_n and_o pass_v out_o of_o his_o own_o kind_n by_o the_o ceremony_n belong_v to_o the_o office_n and_o not_o by_o the_o ceremony_n by_o which_o land_n be_v transfer_v and_o pass_v i_o shall_v therefore_o take_v it_o that_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o land_n shall_v be_v such_o as_o the_o office_n of_o itself_o may_v bear_v which_o can_v not_o be_v entail_v yet_o because_o in_o the_o say_a case_n of_o the_o forester_n with_o land_n belong_v to_o it_o be_v take_v to_o be_v in_o tail_n in_o 1_o h._n 7._o aforesaid_a with_o a_o remainder_n 7._o 1_o h._n 7._o thereof_o over_o in_o fee_n i_o be_o therefore_o conclude_v to_o make_v any_o further_a question_n of_o it_o and_o so_o i_o leave_v it_o as_o i_o find_v it_o and_o do_v pass_v to_o the_o argument_n of_o the_o other_o point_n second_o point_n the_o second_o common_a law_n point_n be_v whether_o this_o gift_n in_o my_o case_n be_v a_o frank-mariage_n or_o another_o entail_v i_o have_v observe_v in_o book_n that_o there_o be_v five_o thing_n incident_a to_o a_o gift_n in_o frank-mariage_n viz._n first_o it_o must_v be_v to_o or_o with_o a_o cousin_n within_o the_o four_o degree_n second_o the_o word_n frank-mariage_n must_v be_v literal_o express_v three_o the_o reversion_n must_v be_v leave_v at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o gift_n in_o the_o donor_n and_o then_o there_o be_v two_o other_o thing_n follow_v as_o consequent_n four_o acquital_n of_o payment_n of_o rent_n and_o service_n and_o five_o warranty_n to_o secure_v the_o estate_n and_o the_o want_n of_o these_o or_o any_o of_o these_o in_o the_o creation_n do_v destroy_v that_o estate_n in_o the_o conception_n here_o seem_v to_o be_v two_o impediment_n in_o my_o case_n to_o hinder_v this_o gift_n to_o take_v root_n as_o a_o frank_n marriage_n it_o be_v make_v abnepti_fw-la which_o be_v the_o cousin_n in_o the_o four_o degree_n and_o the_o last_o in_o those_o gift_n whereby_o the_o gift_n that_o way_n can_v have_v his_o full_a operation_n for_o that_o the_o first_o heir_n of_o their_o body_n be_v out_o of_o the_o former_a privilege_n but_o in_o regard_n i_o take_v it_o that_o a_o frank_n marriage_n do_v more_o respect_n his_o original_a creation_n in_o incepto_fw-la than_o the_o descent_n of_o the_o privilege_n to_o the_o heir_n in_o svo_fw-la progressu_fw-la i_o take_v this_o to_o be_v no_o impediment_n to_o hinder_v this_o from_o be_v a_o gift_n in_o frank_n marriage_n but_o here_o the_o word_n in_o the_o gift_n precede_v the_o word_n frank_a marriage_n do_v differ_v much_o from_o it_o for_o by_o the_o special_a limitation_n the_o heir_n female_n shall_v inherit_v with_o the_o heir_n male_n simul_n &_o semel_fw-la as_o heir_n in_o common_a but_o in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o frank_n marriage_n heir_n males_n shall_v first_o inherit_v single_a and_o for_o want_v of_o they_o then_o the_o female_n i_o do_v agree_v the_o law_n that_o in_o case_n where_o the_o special_a word_n of_o limitation_n may_v in_o construction_n be_v make_v to_o agree_v with_o the_o word_n and_o limitation_n of_o art_n contain_v in_o frank_n marriage_n the_o gift_n shall_v be_v take_v a_o frank_a marriage_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o 2_o h._n 3._o it._n suff_v fitz._n mordanc_n plac_fw-la 52._o where_o land_n be_v give_v 3._o 2_o h._n 3._o in_o frank_n marriage_n to_o r._n s._n cum_fw-la alicia_n sorore_fw-la le_fw-fr donor_n it_o a_o quod_fw-la post_fw-la mortem_fw-la dictae_fw-la aliciae_fw-la &_o puerorum_fw-la suorum_fw-la the_o land_n shall_v revert_v to_o the_o donor_n and_o this_o be_v adjudge_v a_o gift_n in_o frank_n marriage_n and_o the_o word_n it_o a_o quod_fw-la be_v hold_v of_o no_o validity_n neither_o will_v the_o word_n of_o reservandum_fw-la redendum_fw-la tenendum_fw-la or_o warrantizandum_fw-la though_o they_o vary_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o frank_n marriage_n yet_o they_o shall_v not_o destroy_v the_o same_o as_o a_o habendum_fw-la may_v do_v which_o be_v the_o word_n who_o proper_a place_n be_v to_o create_v the_o estate_n and_o therefore_o if_o any_o thing_n come_v therein_o which_o be_v repugnant_a thereunto_o the_o same_o will_v alter_v the_o quality_n of_o the_o gift_n and_o with_o this_o agree_v the_o case_n in_o 45_o edward_n the_o 3._o title_n tail_n 14_o and_o 31._o where_o land_n be_v give_v to_o i._n s._n in_o frank_n marriage_n with_o b._n the_o daughter_n 3._o 45_o e._n 3._o of_o the_o donor_n habendum_fw-la to_o they_o and_o their_o heir_n and_o this_o be_v hold_v a_o fee_n simple_a and_o no_o frank_a marriage_n and_o the_o like_a law_n be_v where_o land_n be_v grant_v in_o frank_n marriage_n the_o remainder_n in_o fee_n to_o i._n s._n and_o his_o heir_n the_o frank_a marriage_n be_v defeat_v by_o the_o opinion_n in_o br._n case_n and_o so_o in_o my_o case_n because_o there_o can_v be_v no_o reconciliation_n between_o the_o special_a word_n of_o limitation_n in_o my_o case_n and_o the_o word_n frank_n marriage_n i_o be_o therefore_o of_o opinion_n that_o this_o gift_n be_v a_o estate_n in_o tail_n according_a to_o the_o special_a limitation_n and_o no_o frank_a marriage_n three_o point_n whether_o the_o bastard_n shall_v inherit_v to_o have_v a_o estate_n in_o tail_n be_v the_o three_o common_a law_n question_n for_o i_o be_o clear_a of_o opinion_n that_o a_o bastard_n can_v inherit_v to_o a_o gift_n in_o frank_n marriage_n because_o adultery_n and_o fornication_n which_o be_v the_o seed_n of_o every_o bastard_n be_v opposite_a to_o marriage_n and_o in_o breach_n of_o that_o powerful_a link_n and_o knot_n of_o matrimony_n which_o be_v a_o ordinance_n derive_v from_o the_o divine_a power_n of_o the_o almighty_a and_o therefore_o see_v marriage_n be_v the_o material_a consideration_n of_o such_o a_o gift_n bastardy_n the_o opposite_a can_v never_o be_v out_o of_o the_o consideration_n come_v within_o the_o privilege_n to_o inherit_v this_o estate_n so_o if_o i_o give_v land_n to_o i._o and_o s._n and_o to_o the_o heir_n of_o their_o two_o body_n lawful_o beget_v their_o bastard_n can_v inherit_v to_o this_o gift_n because_o he_o be_v not_o heir_n of_o their_o two_o body_n lawful_o beget_v but_o if_o the_o word_n lawful_o have_v be_v out_o of_o the_o limitation_n than_o i_o see_v no_o reason_n but_o that_o a_o bastard_n may_v inherit_v to_o a_o estate_n in_o tail_n as_o to_o a_o fee_n simple_a conditional_a which_o he_o may_v have_v do_v at_o the_o common_a law_n see_v a_o estate_n tail_n may_v be_v make_v before_o marriage_n as_o expect_v to_o be_v confirm_v thereby_o and_o so_o a_o bastard_n bear_v before_o marriage_n be_v by_o the_o consummation_n of_o a_o succeed_a marriage_n make_v capable_a to_o inherit_v to_o they_o if_o his_o possession_n continue_v without_o disturbance_n to_o his_o death_n yet_o in_o blow_n com._n
perpetual_a charge_n by_o any_o power_n or_o authority_n give_v by_o this_o statute_n but_o in_o the_o say_a case_n of_o romney_n marsh_n the_o custom_n there_o maintain_v this_o point_n yet_o not_o a_o bene_fw-la verba_fw-la huius_fw-la statuti_fw-la which_o be_v these_o viz._n and_o to_o make_v and_o ordain_v statute_n ordinance_n and_o provision_n from_o time_n to_o time_n as_o the_o case_n shall_v require_v for_o the_o safeguard_n conservation_n redress_n correction_n or_o reformation_n of_o the_o premise_n and_o every_o of_o they_o and_o the_o party_n liable_a to_o the_o same_o necessary_a and_o behooveful_a after_o the_o law_n &_o custom_n of_o romney_n marsh_n in_o the_o county_n of_o kent_n or_o otherwise_o by_o any_o way_n or_o mean_n after_o their_o own_o wisdom_n and_o discretion_n these_o be_v the_o word_n and_o this_o be_v the_o clause_n which_o must_v make_v good_a this_o perpetual_a charge_n for_o that_o it_o do_v former_o appear_v that_o such_o like_a law_n and_o custom_n there_o be_v in_o romney_n marsh_n as_o this_o be_v and_o therefore_o i_o may_v conclude_v this_o point_n that_o the_o commissioner_n in_o imitation_n of_o the_o say_a ordinance_n of_o romney_n marsh_n may_v make_v decree_n to_o bind_v land_n to_o perpetual_a charge_n yet_o sir_n edward_n cook_n in_o keighlies_n case_n set_v it_o down_o as_o resolve_v that_o the_o several_a commissioner_n of_o sewer_n throughout_o all_o england_n be_v not_o bind_v to_o pursue_v the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o romney_n marsh_n but_o in_o case_n where_o some_o particular_a place_n within_o their_o commission_n have_v such_o law_n &_o custom_n as_o romney_n marsh_n have_v there_o they_o may_v pursue_v they_o but_o in_o my_o own_o opinion_n the_o commissioner_n may_v if_o they_o please_v make_v ordinance_n and_o law_n like_v to_o those_o of_o romney_n marsh_n where_o there_o have_v not_o be_v any_o such_o use_n and_o the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n as_o i_o take_v it_o will_v bear_v that_o construction_n and_o the_o say_a opinion_n of_o sir_n edward_n cook_n be_v not_o direct_o against_o this_o and_o upon_o decree_n for_o sale_n of_o land_n it_o be_v usual_a in_o these_o decree_n to_o bind_v those_o land_n to_o the_o perpetual_a repair_n sales_n of_o land_n the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n which_o be_v make_v for_o sale_n of_o land_n be_v these_o provide_v always_o that_o if_o any_o person_n or_o person_n be_v assess_v or_o tax_v to_o any_o lot_n or_o charge_n for_o any_o land_n tenement_n or_o hereditament_n within_o the_o limit_n of_o any_o commission_n hereafter_o to_o be_v direct_v do_v not_o pay_v the_o say_a lot_n and_o charge_n according_a to_o the_o order_n and_o assignment_n of_o the_o commissioner_n have_v power_n of_o the_o execution_n of_o the_o say_a commission_n etc._n etc._n by_o reason_n whereof_o if_o it_o shall_v happen_v the_o say_a commissioner_n for_o lack_v of_o payment_n of_o such_o lot_n &_o charge_n to_o decree_n and_o ordain_v the_o say_a land_n and_o tenement_n from_o the_o owner_n or_o owner_n thereof_o and_o their_o heir_n and_o the_o heir_n of_o every_o of_o they_o to_o any_o person_n or_o person_n for_o term_n of_o year_n term_v of_o life_n fee_fw-mi simple_a or_o fee_n tail_n for_o payment_n of_o the_o same_o lot_n and_o charge_n then_o every_o such_o decree_n and_o ordinance_n so_o by_o they_o ingross_v into_o parchment_n and_o certify_v under_o their_o seal_n into_o the_o king_n court_n of_o chancery_n with_o the_o king_n royal_a assent_n have_v to_o the_o same_o shall_v bind_v all_o and_o every_o person_n and_o person_n that_o at_o the_o make_n of_o the_o same_o decree_n have_v any_o interest_n in_o such_o land_n tenement_n and_o hereditament_n in_o use_n possession_n reversion_n or_o remainder_n their_o heir_n and_o feoffee_n and_o every_o of_o they_o and_o not_o to_o be_v in_o any_o wise_a reform_a unless_o it_o be_v by_o authority_n in_o parliament_n hereafter_o to_o be_v summon_v and_o hold_v within_o the_o realm_n and_o also_o that_o the_o same_o law_n ordinance_n and_o decree_n to_o be_v make_v and_o ordain_v by_o the_o commissioner_n or_o any_o six_o of_o they_o by_o authority_n of_o the_o say_a commission_n shall_v bind_v as_o well_o the_o land_n tenement_n and_o hereditament_n of_o our_o sovereign_n the_o king_n as_o all_z and_o every_o other_o person_n and_o person_n and_o their_o heir_n and_o such_o their_o interest_n as_o they_o shall_v fortune_n to_o have_v in_o any_o land_n tenement_n and_o hereditament_n or_o other_o casual_a profit_n advantage_n or_o commodity_n whatsoever_o they_o be_v whereunto_o the_o say_v law_n ordinance_n and_o decree_n shall_v in_o any_o wise_a extend_v according_a to_o the_o true_a purport_n meaning_n and_o intent_n of_o the_o say_a law_n this_o clause_n or_o proviso_n be_v strange_o place_v in_o this_o statute_n as_o if_o this_o statute_n have_v not_o be_v the_o first_o father_n of_o it_o and_o as_o if_o this_o law_n have_v make_v some_o addition_n to_o a_o former_a law_n but_o i_o take_v it_o that_o this_o statute_n be_v and_o be_v the_o first_o and_o only_a law_n which_o give_v sale_n of_o land_n in_o case_n of_o sewer_n and_o this_o clause_n stand_v upon_o these_o four_o pillar_n imprimis_fw-la for_o what_o cause_n land_n may_v be_v sell_v by_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n second_o what_o land_n be_v to_o be_v sell_v within_o these_o law_n three_o what_o person_n what_o estate_n and_o interest_n be_v to_o be_v bind_v thereby_o four_o to_o what_o person_n these_o land_n may_v be_v sell_v or_o decree_v the_o statute_n be_v if_o any_o person_n sess_v do_v not_o pay_v whereby_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o land_n be_v to_o be_v sell_v for_o sess_v and_o charge_v impose_v by_o the_o commissioner_n which_o lie_v in_o payment_n only_o and_o they_o may_v not_o be_v decree_v away_o for_o any_o other_o cause_n or_o matter_n and_o therefore_o if_o one_o hold_v his_o land_n to_o repair_v a_o wall_n bank_n sewer_n or_o other_o work_n of_o sewer_n and_o he_o neglect_v to_o repair_v the_o same_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n can_v for_o this_o cause_n decree_v the_o land_n away_o from_o the_o owner_n because_o this_o charge_n lie_v not_o in_o payment_n and_o i_o can_v gather_v out_o of_o the_o word_n of_o this_o statute_n that_o land_n can_v be_v decree_v for_o any_o cause_n then_o for_o nonpayment_n of_o a_o lot_n sess_n or_o charge_n by_o reason_n this_o word_n payment_n be_v reiterated_a three_o or_o four_o time_n in_o this_o branch_n of_o the_o statute_n and_o no_o other_o word_n be_v couple_v with_o it_o to_o infer_v any_o other_o or_o large_a exposition_n if_o i._o s._n do_v hold_v his_o land_n of_o the_o lord_n of_o a_o manor_n by_o the_o payment_n of_o twenty_o shilling_n yearly_a or_o other_o sum_n towards_o the_o repair_n of_o a_o work_n of_o sewer_n and_o he_o do_v neglect_v to_o pay_v the_o same_o whereby_o the_o work_n be_v unrepaired_a although_o this_o be_v a_o charge_n which_o lie_v in_o payment_n yet_o because_o it_o grow_v due_a by_o tenure_n by_o the_o common_a law_n and_o be_v not_o impose_v by_o the_o force_n of_o this_o statute_n therefore_o the_o land_n of_o i._o s._n can_v be_v decree_v from_o he_o by_o the_o nonpayment_n thereof_o by_o the_o tenor_n and_o virtue_n of_o this_o law_n of_o sewer_n but_o if_o the_o land_n of_o one_o be_v general_o charge_v to_o repair_v such_o a_o wall_n or_o other_o work_n of_o sewer_n by_o prescription_n covenant_n or_o otherwise_o and_o the_o commissioner_n impose_v a_o sesse_v and_o rate_v upon_o he_o to_o repair_v it_o and_o he_o do_v not_o there_o in_o this_o case_n although_o the_o charge_n be_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o common_a law_n yet_o because_o the_o sesse_v and_o rate_n be_v set_v upon_o he_o by_o the_o power_n of_o this_o statute_n i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o for_o neglect_v of_o payment_n the_o say_a land_n may_v be_v sell_v by_o the_o decree_n of_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n so_o if_o one_o do_v hold_v his_o land_n for_o the_o payment_n of_o twenty_o shilling_n to_o repair_v a_o bank_n and_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n do_v order_v the_o party_n to_o pay_v the_o twenty_o shilling_n at_o a_o time_n by_o they_o prescribe_v not_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o usual_a day_n of_o payment_n and_o he_o do_v neglect_v to_o pay_v the_o commissioner_n may_v decree_v his_o land_n from_o he_o because_o this_o charge_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o say_a order_n have_v get_v the_o force_n and_o power_n of_o this_o statute_n if_o a_o charge_n be_v general_o lay_v upon_o a_o township_n hundred_o or_o rape_n which_o be_v not_o pay_v according_a to_o the_o commissioner_n order_n no_o land_n can_v be_v decree_v in_o this_o case_n because_o no_o person_n or_o land_n be_v in_o this_o case_n particular_o charge_v and_o the_o
decree_n of_o the_o sale_n must_v be_v direct_v by_o and_o depend_v upon_o the_o sesse_v but_o if_o after_o the_o general_n sesse_v be_v lay_v the_o same_o be_v after_o assess_v upon_o particular_a person_n by_o particular_a sum_n by_o the_o say_a commissioner_n then_o upon_o default_n of_o payment_n their_o land_n make_v default_n may_v be_v decree_v from_o they_o by_o the_o power_n of_o this_o statute_n if_o a_o assess_v or_o charge_v of_o payment_n be_v lay_v upon_o certain_a land_n without_o mention_v the_o owner_n the_o land_n can_v be_v decree_v from_o he_o by_o this_o law_n for_o the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n be_v that_o if_o any_o person_n or_o person_n assess_v to_o any_o lot_n or_o charge_n do_v not_o pay_v so_o that_o i_o shall_v take_v it_o that_o no_o decree_n for_o sale_n of_o land_n can_v be_v make_v but_o where_o there_o be_v a_o person_n certain_o assess_v by_o name_n land_n can_v be_v decree_v away_o from_o the_o owner_n for_o default_n of_o payment_n of_o fines_n amerciament_n or_o pain_n for_o though_o these_o be_v sum_n of_o money_n or_o charge_n impose_v by_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n of_o person_n certain_a for_o matter_n touch_v these_o law_n yet_o because_o they_o be_v not_o sess_v or_o rate_v towards_o the_o repair_n of_o any_o work_n of_o sewer_n but_o be_v set_v upon_o the_o party_n as_o mulct_n and_o punishment_n and_o be_v due_a to_o the_o king_n therefore_o no_o decree_n of_o land_n can_v be_v make_v for_o any_o of_o they_o now_o the_o second_o part_n of_o this_o clause_n be_v what_o land_n may_v be_v decree_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o say_a statute_n and_o thereby_o it_o appear_v they_o must_v be_v such_o land_n as_o lie_v and_o be_v within_o the_o power_n of_o this_o commission_n of_o sewer_n and_o herein_o rest_v a_o difference_n between_o the_o case_n of_o a_o distress_n for_o a_o sesse_v which_o may_v be_v take_v in_o any_o place_n within_o this_o realm_n and_o the_o decree_n of_o sale_n of_o land_n for_o nonpayment_n of_o a_o sesse_v which_o must_v lie_v within_o the_o bound_n and_o extent_n of_o the_o commission_n for_o this_o distress_n be_v circumscribe_v to_o the_o extent_n of_o the_o statute_n which_o be_v over_o the_o whole_a realm_n and_o the_o sale_n be_v tie_v to_o the_o limit_n of_o the_o commission_n and_o i_o be_o also_o of_o opinion_n that_o no_o land_n can_v be_v sell_v away_o by_o the_o decree_n of_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n but_o such_o as_o be_v charge_v with_o the_o sesse_v if_o one_o hold_v his_o land_n in_o comitat_fw-la '_o eborum_fw-la to_o repair_v a_o sea-bank_n in_o the_o county_n of_o lincoln_n and_o the_o owner_n be_v assess_v therefore_o and_o make_v default_n of_o payment_n the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n in_o the_o county_n of_o lincoln_n may_v give_v warrant_n to_o distrain_v for_o this_o sesse_v in_o the_o county_n of_o york_n but_o they_o can_v decree_v away_o by_o sale_n those_o land_n lie_v there_o which_o be_v charge_v with_o the_o sesse_v a_o copyholder_n land_n can_v be_v decree_v against_o he_o by_o this_o law_n for_o if_o it_o may_v than_o these_o customary_a land_n shall_v be_v transfer_v from_o one_o to_o another_o contrary_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o manor_n whereof_o they_o be_v parcel_n and_o it_o will_v infringe_v that_o rule_n which_o be_v deliver_v in_o heidons_n case_n case_n heidons_n case_n in_o cook_n 3_o report_n which_o be_v when_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n do_v alter_v the_o service_n tenure_n and_o interest_n of_o the_o land_n or_o other_o thing_n in_o prejudice_n of_o the_o lord_n or_o of_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o manor_n or_o of_o the_o tenant_n there_o the_o general_a word_n of_o such_o a_o statute_n do_v not_o extend_v to_o copyhold_n and_o in_o this_o case_n if_o any_o sale_n shall_v be_v make_v by_o the_o commissioner_n all_o the_o say_a rule_n shall_v be_v infringe_v for_o it_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o custom_n to_o pass_v these_o land_n without_o surrender_n it_o be_v in_o prejudice_n of_o the_o lord_n to_o have_v copyhold-land_n pass_v and_o he_o to_o have_v no_o fine_a and_o i_o be_o likewise_o of_o opinion_n that_o the_o freehold_a of_o these_o land_n can_v not_o be_v pass_v away_o for_o a_o sesse_v or_o a_o lay_n because_o the_o lord_n have_v but_o the_o shadow_n and_o the_o copyholder_n have_v the_o substance_n but_o if_o the_o lord_n rent_n of_o assize_n shall_v be_v assess_v as_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v and_o he_o do_v neglect_v to_o pay_v than_o these_o rent_n may_v be_v decree_v from_o he_o and_o so_o may_v all_o other_o land_n tenement_n and_o hereditament_n decree_v in_o respect_n whereof_o one_o be_v sessable_a and_o sess_v by_o the_o law_n the_o three_o branch_n of_o this_o clause_n be_v the_o direct_a point_n in_o my_o case_n viz._n what_o person_n &_o what_o estate_n be_v bind_v by_o these_o decree_n and_o first_o of_o the_o heir_n in_o tail_n whether_o they_o be_v bind_v by_o a_o decree_n make_v against_o the_o donee_n in_o tail_n their_o ancestor_n be_v the_o question_n in_o the_o handle_n whereof_o i_o hold_v it_o sit_v to_o show_v in_o what_o case_n the_o heir_n in_o tail_n have_v be_v bind_v by_o the_o act_n of_o their_o ancestor_n and_o the_o reason_n and_o cause_n thereof_o and_o therefore_o if_o a_o disseisor_n make_v a_o gift_n in_o tail_n and_o the_o donee_n in_o tail_n grant_v a_o rent_n to_o the_o dissessee_n for_o release_v of_o his_o right_n this_o will_v bind_v the_o heir_n in_o tail_n for_o that_o by_o this_o release_n his_o estate_n which_o before_o be_v defeisable_v be_v now_o confirm_v as_o by_o the_o book_n of_o 44_o ed._n 3._o 22._o and_o 20_o ed._n 4._o 13._o 3._o 44_o ed._n 3._o 20_o ed._n 4._o 46_o ed._n 3._o appear_v and_o so_o in_o 46_o ed._n 3._o a_o gift_n in_o tail_n be_v make_v ita_fw-la quod_fw-la the_o donee_n may_v alien_n to_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o heir_n in_o tail_n and_o and_o this_o by_o judge_n welbey_n be_v hold_v a_o condition_n which_o bind_v the_o heir_n in_o tail_n for_o his_o benefit_n and_o in_o 12._o ed._n 4._o 1._o tregouse_n and_o taltarm_n case_n be_v that_o a_o recovery_n against_o tenant_n 4._o 12_o ed._n 4._o in_o tail_n with_o a_o voucher_n by_o he_o over_o do_v bind_v the_o heir_n in_o tail_n by_o the_o common_a law_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o intend_a recompense_n which_o be_v to_o come_v to_o he_o by_o the_o voucher_n and_o so_o a_o lineal_a warranty_n with_o asset_n and_o a_o collateral_a warranty_n without_o asset_n be_v and_o be_v both_o of_o they_o bar_n to_o the_o issue_n by_o reason_n also_o of_o the_o intend_a recompense_n and_o these_o be_v thing_n which_o be_v original_o tie_v to_o those_o estate_n and_o be_v incident_n to_o they_o ab_fw-la initio_fw-la and_o therefore_o this_o shall_v suffice_v to_o treat_v of_o bar_n to_o the_o issue_n in_o tail_n by_o the_o common_a law_n and_o now_o i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o show_v in_o what_o case_n they_o be_v bar_v of_o their_o estate_n by_o the_o statute_n of_o this_o realm_n by_o the_o statute_n of_o 16_o r._n 2._o cap._n 5._o the_o land_n and_o tenement_n 2._o 16_o r._n 2._o of_o one_o attaint_n in_o a_o praemunire_n be_v to_o be_v forfeit_v to_o the_o king_n and_o in_o 21_o eliz._n one_o trudgin_n be_v tenant_n in_o tail_n el._n 11_o el._n and_o be_v attaint_v in_o a_o praemunire_n and_o the_o question_n be_v whether_o entail_v land_n be_v forfeit_v against_o the_o issue_n in_o tail_n or_o not_o and_o in_o doctor_n forster_n case_n in_o cook_n 11_o report_n rep._n c._n 11_o rep._n it_o be_v there_o say_v to_o be_v resolve_v that_o the_o general_a word_n of_o that_o statute_n do_v not_o repeal_v the_o statute_n of_o westminster_n 2._o of_o entail_v and_o so_o the_o forfeiture_n be_v there_o resolve_v to_o continue_v but_o for_o the_o life_n of_o trudgin_n and_o do_v not_o bind_v the_o issue_n in_o tail_n a_o judgement_n in_o debt_n against_o tenant_n in_o tail_n or_o if_o he_o be_v bind_v in_o a_o statute_n or_o in_o a_o recognizance_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o statute_n the_o land_n entail_v be_v not_o extendable_a nor_o to_o be_v hold_v in_o extent_n by_o the_o statute_n of_o westminster_n 2._o acton_n burnel_n or_o by_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr mercatoribus_fw-la by_o any_o of_o the_o general_a word_n of_o these_o law_n but_o the_o statute_n of_o 33_o h._n 8._o cap._n 39_o by_o express_a word_n bind_v the_o heir_n in_o tail_n for_o their_o land_n 8._o 23_o h._n 8._o who_o ancestor_n stand_v indebt_v to_o the_o king_n by_o judgement_n recognizance_n obligation_n or_o other_o specialty_n but_o the_o statute_n of_o 26_o h._n 8._o cap._n 13._o enact_n that_o every_o 8._o 26_o h._n 8._o one_o which_o shall_v be_v
the_o read_n of_o that_o famous_a and_o learned_a gentleman_n robert_n calais_n esq_n sergeant_n at_o law_n upon_o the_o statute_n of_o 23_o h._n 8._o cap._n 5._o of_o sewer_n as_o it_o be_v deliver_v by_o he_o at_o grays-inn_n in_o august_n 1622._o quod_fw-la omnes_fw-la tangit_fw-la ab_fw-la omnibus_fw-la supportari_fw-la debet_fw-la london_n print_v for_o william_n leak_n and_o be_v to_o be_v sell_v at_o his_o shop_n at_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o crown_n in_o fleetstreet_n between_o the_o temple-gate_n mdcxlvii_o reader_n among_o other_o decay_n in_o the_o commonwealth_n those_o of_o bridge_n calceys_n havens_n and_o port_n be_v not_o of_o the_o least_o consideration_n as_o the_o gate_n that_o open_a and_o let_v in_o commerce_n and_o the_o way_n that_o convey_v and_o lead_v it_o through_o the_o kingdom_n and_o it_o seem_v to_o i_o to_o be_v of_o so_o public_a a_o necessity_n that_o i_o do_v conceive_v this_o learned_a piece_n upon_o the_o law_n of_o sewer_n will_v come_v seasonable_o abroad_o and_o find_v a_o entertainment_n suitable_a to_o the_o usefulness_n of_o it_o at_o this_o time_n when_o the_o country_n be_v almost_o become_v unpassable_a by_o the_o late_a trouble_n wherein_o the_o endeavour_n be_v more_o to_o be_v secure_v at_o home_n from_o they_o that_o be_v abroad_o then_o to_o traffic_n with_o they_o if_o you_o can_v sit_v down_o to_o a_o cold_a read_n here_o be_v one_o serve_v out_o to_o you_o at_o my_o cost_n all_o that_o i_o shall_v add_v to_o your_o cheer_n be_v that_o i_o have_v public_a allowance_n to_o make_v the_o invitation_n if_o the_o printer_n have_v commit_v infanticidium_fw-la lay_v the_o blame_n upon_o he_o but_o if_o he_o have_v deliver_v the_o press_n of_o it_o so_o imperfect_o that_o it_o will_v be_v only_o fit_a to_o move_v pity_n and_o to_o beg_v withal_o the_o misfortune_n be_v i_o and_o i_o must_v keep_v it_o farewell_o â§_o the_o chief_a matter_n in_o this_o book_n as_o they_o lie_v dispose_v in_o each_o day_n work_v of_o the_o read_n in_o the_o first_o lecture_n the_o reader_n grave_a speech_n the_o cause_n wherefore_o he_o read_v on_o this_o statute_n antiquity_n of_o the_o law_n of_o sewer_n the_o extent_n of_o this_o law_n the_o necessary_a use_n of_o this_o law_n the_o division_n of_o this_o law_n the_o first_o case_n put_v for_o tbe_n first_o lecture_n the_o point_n of_o the_o first_o case_n the_o reader_n argument_n upon_o the_o first_o case_n the_o reader_n argument_n upon_o this_o statute_n and_o commission_n the_o definition_n of_o island_n etc._n etc._n what_o ground_n shall_v be_v say_v to_o be_v leave_v by_o the_o sea_n the_o reader_n tenet_n thereupon_o the_o shore_n what_o seacoast_n what_o creek_n what_o arm_v of_o the_o sea_n what_o diversity_n between_o a_o shore_n coast_n and_o creek_n bay_fw-mi fleet_n and_o mere_n what_o a_o port_n what_o diversity_n between_o creek_n haven_n and_o port._n diversity_n between_o ground_n gain_v and_o ground_n leave_v the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o reader_n upon_o his_o first_o lecture_n in_o the_o second_o lecture_n what_o business_n on_o land_n this_o law_n do_v defend_v and_o what_o offence_n it_o reform_v the_o case_n for_o the_o second_o lecture_n the_o point_n thereof_o both_o at_o the_o common_a law_n and_o on_o the_o statute_n the_o argument_n on_o the_o second_o case_n two_o conceit_n of_o the_o reader_n bank_n what_o wall_z what_o river_n what_o the_o property_n of_o run_a water_n in_o who_o a_o sewer_n what_o a_o gutter_n what_o ditch_n pool_n pond_n what_o stream_n conduit_n spring_n what_o case_n put_v by_o the_o reader_n upon_o they_o bridge_n and_o provision_n for_o they_o calcey_n what_o goat_n for_o what_o use_n new_a defence_n argument_n pro_fw-la &_o con_v for_o new_a defence_n the_o king_n counsel_n order_n what_o view_n and_o survey_n be_v what_o may_v be_v do_v by_o officer_n of_o sewer_n by_o survey_n only_o what_o may_v be_v do_v by_o jury_n what_o may_v be_v do_v by_o their_o discretion_n the_o several_a degree_n of_o discretion_n in_o what_o thing_n commissioner_n be_v to_o be_v rule_v by_o good_a discretion_n nine_o several_a way_n for_o keep_v and_o repair_v defence_n 1._o frontage_n 2._o ownership_n 3._o prescription_n 4._o custom_n 5._o tenure_n 6._o covenant_n 7._o usus_fw-la rei_fw-la 8._o township_n 9_o this_o law_n of_o sewer_n whether_o one_o may_v be_v tax_v for_o tithe_n by_o the_o law_n of_o sewer_n or_o not_o whether_o a_o copyholder_n for_o his_o copyhold_n and_o a_o lord_n for_o his_o freehold_n of_o that_o soil_n shall_v be_v assess_v four_o tenet_n concern_v copyholder_n what_o land_n and_o other_o thing_n and_o what_o person_n and_o in_o what_o degree_n they_o be_v to_o be_v assess_v towards_o repair_v by_o this_o law_n in_o this_o case_n 1._o high_a mountainous_a ground_n by_o prescription_n custom_n and_o tenure_n 2._o dean_n and_o chapter_n etc._n etc._n for_o a_o annuity_n 3_o for_o common_a of_o pischary_n in_o fen_n etc._n etc._n 4._o for_o a_o ferry_n 5._o for_o herbage_n 6._o for_o free_a passage_n on_o a_o river_n park_n warrens_n cum_fw-la multis_fw-la aliis_fw-la the_o large_a extent_n of_o the_o word_n tenement_n charge_v on_o the_o level_n by_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n nine_o several_a way_n the_o reader_n conclusion_n of_o the_o second_o lecture_n in_o the_o three_o lecture_n what_o law_n be_v the_o case_n for_o the_o three_o lecture_n this_o case_n divide_v into_o three_o point_n at_o the_o common_a law_n and_o five_o upon_o the_o statute_n 1._o point_v whether_o a_o office_n may_v be_v entail_v or_o not_o 2._o whether_o it_o be_v a_o ordinary_a entail_n or_o franck-mariage_n and_o what_o thing_n incident_a to_o franck-mariage_n 3._o how_o a_o bastard_n may_v inherit_v land_n the_o sewer_n a_o court_n of_o justice_n how_o court_v have_v their_o beginning_n the_o reason_n that_o sewer_n be_v a_o count_n imprisonment_n by_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n in_o what_o case_n commissioner_n may_v imprison_v fine_a and_o amerce_v the_o quality_n of_o a_o fine_a amerciament_n what_o a_o distress_n and_o the_o several_a kind_n of_o it_o in_o what_o place_n a_o distress_n may_v be_v take_v who_o good_n may_v be_v distrain_v where_o property_n of_o good_n be_v alterable_a without_o consent_n sale_n of_o good_n by_o the_o law_n of_o sewer_n who_o good_n may_v be_v sell_v by_o this_o law_n where_o a_o replevin_n lie_v and_o where_o not_o case_n reconcile_v concern_v replevin_n a_o perpetual_a charge_n upon_o land_n sales_n of_o land_n for_o what_o cause_n land_n may_v be_v sell_v what_o land_n be_v to_o be_v sell_v what_o person_n and_o estate_n be_v bind_v hereby_o to_o who_o land_n may_v be_v decree_v by_o this_o law_n legal_a proceed_n where_o traversable_a and_o where_o not_o whether_o the_o law_n of_o sewer_n will_v permit_v any_o exemption_n the_o reader_n conclusion_n on_o the_o three_o lecture_n in_o the_o four_o lecture_n three_o point_n at_o the_o common_a law_n and_o four_o upon_o the_o statute_n how_o a_o competent_a commissioner_n must_v be_v qualify_v and_o if_o not_o how_o punish_v what_o quality_n make_v a_o free_a citizen_n a_o competent_a commissioner_n the_o punishment_n the_o roman_a law_n do_v inflict_v upon_o stranger_n exile_v describe_v abjuration_n a_o legal_a exile_n what_o a_o man_n exile_v forfeit_v how_o many_o way_n a_o freeman_n of_o a_o city_n or_o borough_n may_v be_v make_v what_o kind_n of_o habitation_n the_o freeman_n shall_v be_v of_o what_o be_v and_o what_o be_v not_o valueable_a substance_n what_o good_n will_v enable_v one_o to_o be_v a_o commissioner_n and_o what_o not_o what_o be_v hereditament_n in_o this_o law_n a_o utter_a barrister_n be_v a_o fit_a comissioner_n whether_o a_o woman_n may_v be_v a_o competent_a commissioner_n within_o this_o statute_n a_o infant_n above_o fourteen_o and_o under_o twenty_o one_o year_n a_o commissioner_n whether_o law_n and_o ordinance_n make_v by_o a_o disable_v commissioner_n be_v void_a or_o not_o ten_o impediment_n or_o annoyance_n this_o statute_n speak_v of_o viz._n 1._o stream_n 2._o mill_n 4._o bridges_n 3._o pond_n 5._o fishgarth_n 6._o mildam_n 7._o lock_n 8._o hebbingwere_n 9_o heck_n and_o 10._o floodgate_n these_o impediment_n and_o annoyance_n discourse_v of_o to_o make_v a_o stream_n navigable_a the_o reader_n conclusion_n on_o the_o four_o lecture_n in_o the_o five_o lecture_n a_o short_a speech_n of_o the_o reader_n a_o brief_a repetition_n what_o be_v handle_v in_o the_o four_o former_a lecture_n commissioner_n of_o sewer_n have_v power_n to_o make_v constitute_v and_o ordain_v law_n ordinance_n and_o decree_n and_o the_o same_o to_o amend_v or_o make_v new_a thing_n considerable_a in_o make_v new_a law_n and_o ordinance_n a_o law_n ordinance_n and_o decree_n what_o they_o be_v and_o their_o difference_n law_n and_o ordinance_n for_o sale_n of_o land_n how_o to_o be_v perfect_v and_o in_o
leave_v to_o the_o king_n ratione_fw-la regiae_fw-la dignitatis_fw-la suae_fw-la who_o office_n do_v as_o the_o philosopher_n true_o say_v contain_v in_o it_o great_a virtue_n high_a understanding_n and_o divine_a wisdom_n to_o who_o high_a government_n as_o well_o our_o person_n as_o our_o law_n be_v commit_v and_o the_o defence_n thereof_o be_v apply_v to_o his_o grave_a foresight_n and_o true_o i_o have_v take_v upon_o i_o to_o read_v on_o those_o law_n of_o sewer_n as_o mr._n marrow_n do_v in_o former_a time_n take_v upon_o he_o to_o expound_v in_o his_o read_v the_o law_n of_o the_o justice_n of_o peace_n hope_v this_o work_n of_o i_o may_v prove_v as_o acceptable_a to_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n as_o that_o of_o his_o be_v beneficial_a to_o the_o justice_n of_o peace_n the_o use_n whereof_o being_n no_o less_o commodious_a to_o the_o commonwealth_n then_o that_o of_o the_o peace_n be_v both_o general_a law_n of_o great_a use_n and_o esteem_v and_o myself_o be_v for_o many_o year_n past_o a_o commissioner_n in_o the_o county_n of_o lincoln_n i_o find_v that_o these_o law_n be_v dark_a and_o intricate_a and_o come_v not_o usual_o within_o the_o reach_n and_o understanding_n of_o such_o as_o be_v not_o well_o see_v and_o study_v in_o the_o law_n and_o because_o i_o find_v the_o use_n of_o they_o to_o be_v wondrous_o necessary_a i_o do_v intend_v when_o occasion_n serve_v i_o to_o break_v the_o ice_n and_o enter_v serious_o into_o the_o exposition_n of_o they_o and_o therefore_o see_v these_o law_n be_v in_o time_n most_o ancient_a in_o extent_n most_o large_a and_o for_o the_o use_n most_o necessary_a i_o have_v with_o your_o kind_a favour_n make_v choice_n of_o they_o to_o frame_v my_o read_n upon_o wherein_o if_o upon_o your_o perusal_n you_o find_v any_o escape_n or_o error_n which_o may_v soon_o fall_v from_o opinion_n haec_fw-la amice_fw-la corrige_n and_o such_o of_o they_o as_o you_o shall_v bestow_v your_o like_n upon_o hiis_fw-la vtere_fw-la mecum_fw-la and_o this_o shall_v suffice_v touch_v my_o choice_n make_v of_o this_o statute_n and_o as_o i_o have_v former_o declare_v and_o deliver_v the_o cause_n which_o stir_v i_o up_o and_o the_o reason_n which_o confirm_v i_o to_o read_v upon_o this_o statute_n now_o i_o do_v intend_v to_o break_v it_o up_o and_o i_o do_v divide_v it_o into_o these_o several_a branch_n or_o part_n first_o to_o make_v provision_n to_o resist_v the_o over_o flow_v of_o the_o sea_n upon_o the_o large_a marsh_n ground_n lie_v in_o the_o maritine_n country_n which_o common_o be_v the_o sure_a for_o soundness_n the_o great_a for_o compass_n and_o the_o best_a for_o profit_n of_o all_o the_o sheep-walk_n and_o commons_o of_o this_o realm_n which_o take_v prejudice_n and_o loss_n only_o by_o the_o rage_n of_o the_o sea_n second_o to_o provide_v also_o that_o the_o great_a fresh_a river_n and_o stream_n may_v have_v their_o passage_n make_v clear_a and_o that_o their_o wall_n bank_n and_o other_o defence_n be_v repair_v keep_v and_o maintain_v whereby_o the_o fair_a delightful_a pleasant_a and_o fruitful_a meadow_n and_o pasture_n ground_n which_o lie_v in_o the_o great_a abundance_n upon_o or_o near_o the_o river_n brook_n and_o stream_n may_v be_v preserve_v from_o the_o inundation_n of_o fresh_a water_n which_o many_o time_n annoy_v they_o to_o the_o great_a and_o inestimable_a damage_n of_o his_o majesty_n subject_n which_o be_v owner_n and_o farmer_n thereof_o three_o whereas_o navigation_n both_o for_o the_o export_n of_o our_o homebred_a commodity_n and_o for_o the_o import_v of_o foreign_a merchandize_n be_v the_o chief_a enrich_n of_o this_o nation_n therefore_o port_n havens_n rivers_n and_o other_o navigable_a stream_n and_o their_o dependency_n be_v put_v within_o the_o defence_n of_o this_o law_n be_v ostia_n &_o janua_fw-la regni_fw-la for_o that_o by_o the_o maintenance_n of_o these_o the_o wealth_n of_o the_o realm_n be_v increase_v and_o the_o inland_a city_n borough_n and_o town_n be_v make_v partaker_n with_o ease_n and_o small_a cost_n of_o the_o sea_n commodity_n four_o likewise_o this_o law_n give_v redress_n and_o remedy_n for_o the_o remove_n of_o such_o let_n and_o impediment_n as_o be_v either_o hindrance_n to_o navigation_n or_o stop_v whereby_o the_o abundant_a water_n can_v have_v their_o free_a passage_n to_o the_o sea_n and_o five_o because_o in_o the_o surround_v ground_n there_o be_v most_o common_o the_o great_a use_n of_o bridge_n calceys_n passage_n and_o way_n therefore_o this_o statute_n have_v take_v order_n for_o they_o also_o whereby_o his_o majesty_n people_n may_v in_o those_o place_n for_o their_o person_n and_o their_o good_n have_v both_o salvum_fw-la &_o securum_fw-la conductum_fw-la in_o these_o five_o part_n be_v all_o the_o whole_a material_n of_o this_o great_a and_o worthy_a law_n contain_v and_o therefore_o according_a to_o the_o say_a division_n i_o have_v frame_v a_o case_n for_o the_o first_o lecture_n upon_o this_o law_n the_o first_o case_n a._n lease_v to_o b._n a_o manor_n on_o the_o sea_n coast_n for_o year_n which_o have_v incrementum_fw-la &_o decrementum_fw-la maris_fw-la by_o prescription_n in_o the_o county_n of_o chester_n and_o the_o city_n there_o where_o a_o commission_n of_o sewer_n be_v remainder_n to_o c._n in_o fee_n livery_n be_v give_v and_o take_v by_o attorney_n at_o full_a sea_n within_o the_o view_n the_o sea_n than_o leave_v one_o hundred_o acre_n of_o land_n with_o the_o shore_n divide_v in_o part_n from_o the_o continent_n by_o a_o navigable_a haven_n the_o lease_n expire_v c._n enter_v the_o prince_n eject_v he_o and_o the_o king_n seize_v this_o relinquish_v ground_n my_o opinion_n be_v that_o the_o king_n have_v a_o part_n the_o prince_n a_o part_n and_o the_o subject_a a_o part_n of_o this_o ground_n and_o that_o it_o be_v all_o within_o this_o statute_n but_o no_o part_n thereof_o within_o this_o commission_n point_n of_o the_o common_a law_n the_o point_n of_o this_o case_n be_v three_o at_o the_o common_a law_n and_o five_o by_o this_o statute_n first_o whether_o livery_n of_o land_n may_v be_v make_v within_o the_o view_n in_o another_o county_n or_o not_o second_o whether_o livery_n by_o the_o view_n may_v be_v give_v or_o take_v by_o attorney_n or_o not_o three_o whether_o in_o this_o case_n livery_n and_o seisin_n may_v be_v make_v by_o attorney_n or_o that_o of_o necessity_n it_o must_v be_v make_v to_o the_o lessee_n for_o year_n and_o who_o must_v join_v in_o make_v of_o the_o letter_n of_o attorney_n to_o take_v the_o livery_n all_o which_o point_n i_o must_v maintain_v affirmative_o else_o c._n the_o subject_n can_v have_v any_o land_n at_o all_o point_n on_o this_o statute_n first_o whether_o the_o english_a sea_n be_v within_o this_o realm_n of_o england_n and_o what_o interest_n the_o king_n have_v there_o and_o what_o interest_n a_o subject_a may_v have_v therein_o by_o custom_n and_o prescription_n and_o what_o be_v mean_v by_o the_o say_a word_n incrementum_fw-la &_o decrementum_fw-la maris_fw-la second_o who_o these_o new_a island_n be_v which_o arise_v there_o and_o wherhe_a they_o be_v say_v to_o be_v within_o the_o realm_n and_o what_o law_n govern_v the_o same_o for_o that_o it_o appear_v in_o my_o case_n that_o the_o ground_n leave_v between_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o haven_n be_v a_o island_n three_o whether_o the_o king_n shall_v have_v all_o the_o ground_n by_o his_o prerogative_n or_o the_o subject_a by_o the_o say_a prescription_n or_o the_o prince_n as_o participate_v of_o both_o or_o whether_o every_o one_o shall_v have_v a_o part_n thereof_o according_a to_o my_o conclusion_n four_o whether_o the_o ground_n leave_v by_o the_o sea_n be_v within_o this_o statute_n and_o commission_n both_o or_o either_o of_o they_o or_o neither_o of_o they_o five_o what_o a_o haven_n a_o shore_n and_o the_o coast_n be_v in_o definition_n and_o the_o several_a property_n thereof_o the_o reader_n argument_n and_o as_o it_o come_v to_o my_o turn_n i_o intend_v to_o maintain_v the_o conclusion_n of_o my_o case_n and_o first_o of_o the_o first_o point_n livery_n and_o seisin_n be_v one_o of_o the_o most_o ancient_a approve_a ceremony_n of_o the_o law_n which_o have_v be_v use_v for_o convey_v of_o land_n and_o the_o law_n have_v a_o more_o respect_n thereto_o then_o to_o any_o other_o and_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o that_o it_o be_v the_o most_o perfect_a form_n of_o any_o by_o the_o which_o the_o freehold_a and_o inheritance_n of_o land_n be_v transfer_v from_o one_o to_o another_o and_o all_o subject_n may_v give_v and_o take_v land_n by_o this_o ceremony_n but_o the_o king_n only_o be_v except_v who_o prerogative_n be_v such_o that_o as_o land_n can_v be_v take_v from_o he_o as_o king_n but_o by_o record_n so_o land_n can_v be_v give_v
can_v be_v impart_v to_o another_o it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o personal_a view_n can_v be_v lend_v to_o another_o or_o divide_v from_o the_o person_n no_o more_o can_v the_o personal_a touch_n or_o act_v of_o my_o hand_n be_v impart_v to_o another_o and_o yet_o express_v livery_n which_o be_v the_o deed_n and_o act_n of_o the_o hand_n may_v be_v do_v per_fw-la auter_n main_a sir_n francis_n englefields_n case_n in_o the_o seven_o report_n of_o sir_n case_n 7._o report_n englefields_n case_n edward_n cook_n give_v we_o a_o pretty_a difference_n where_o the_o act_n to_o be_v do_v be_v unseparable_o tie_v to_o one_o person_n and_o where_o not_o as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o thomas_n duke_n of_o norfolk_n where_o upon_o conveyance_n of_o divers_a manor_n to_o philip_n earl_n of_o arundel_n his_o son_n there_o be_v a_o proviso_n that_o the_o duke_n may_v revoke_v the_o same_o upon_o signify_v of_o his_o mind_n under_o his_o own_o proper_a hand_n in_o writing_n etc._n etc._n this_o power_n of_o revocation_n be_v not_o transfer_v to_o the_o queen_n by_o the_o attainder_n of_o the_o duke_n because_o it_o be_v inseparable_o tie_v to_o his_o own_o proper_a hand_n but_o the_o principal_a case_n there_o of_o englefield_n where_o the_o case_n canc._n in_o combs_n case_n land_n be_v settle_v upon_o his_o kinsman_n with_o power_n that_o upon_o tender_a of_o a_o ring_n by_o he_o he_o may_v revoke_v the_o use_n and_o this_o be_v forfeit_a by_o his_o attainder_n and_o the_o queen_n by_o a_o letter_n of_o attorney_n make_v to_o two_o do_v tender_v the_o ring_n for_o this_o be_v not_o precise_o or_o literal_o tie_v to_o englefields_n person_n no_o more_o than_o payment_n of_o money_n or_o such_o like_a and_o so_o in_o our_o case_n though_o by_o the_o law_n i_o take_v it_o that_o livery_n within_o the_o view_n must_v be_v in_o the_o view_n of_o both_o the_o party_n yet_o this_o may_v be_v do_v by_o attorney_n for_o as_o my_o own_o hand_n be_v not_o precise_o tie_v by_o the_o law_n to_o a_o express_a livery_n no_o more_o be_v my_o own_o eye_n express_o tie_v to_o this_o view_n and_o we_o see_v in_o view_n in_o a_o assize_n the_o under_o sheriff_n or_o dier_n 36._o h._n 8._o dier_n the_o sheriff_n bailiff_n by_o his_o direction_n may_v make_v the_o view_n and_o yet_o the_o writ_n be_v direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n to_o do_v the_o same_o case_n morse_n &_o penningtons_n case_n and_o in_o those_o case_n a_o intellectual_a view_n will_v serve_v as_o if_o the_o juror_n know_v the_o land_n but_o such_o a_o intellectual_a view_n will_v not_o serve_v in_o a_o feoffment_n but_o there_o the_o view_n must_v be_v actual_a yet_o i_o take_v this_o difference_n that_o if_o a_o letter_n of_o attorney_n be_v direct_v to_o a._n b._n to_o make_v livery_n and_o seisin_n he_o can_v do_v the_o same_o within_o the_o view_n for_o therein_o he_o do_v not_o pursue_v his_o warrant_n but_o if_o the_o letter_n of_o attorney_n be_v special_a to_o give_v or_o take_v livery_n within_o the_o view_n i_o be_o of_o opinion_n than_o the_o livery_n may_v in_o such_o a_o case_n be_v give_v and_o take_v by_o attorney_n within_o the_o view_n as_o well_o as_o in_o comb_n case_v in_o sir_n edward_n cook_n 9_o report_n where_o it_o be_v affirm_v that_o a_o surrender_n of_o a_o copyhold_n may_v be_v give_v and_o take_v by_o attorney_n which_o be_v as_o personal_a as_o this_o be_v in_o the_o take_a part_n because_o fealty_n ought_v to_o be_v make_v some_o thing_n may_v in_o this_o case_n be_v further_o allege_v in_o this_o three_o point_n which_o i_o now_o have_v in_o hand_n that_o be_v who_o must_v make_v the_o letter_n of_o attorney_n on_o the_o feoffee_n part_n whether_o the_o lessee_n for_o year_n or_o he_o in_o the_o remainder_n or_o both_o of_o they_o for_o lessee_n for_o year_n it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o his_o estate_n have_v not_o any_o perfection_n thereby_o and_o he_o seem_v himself_o but_o a_o deputy_n and_o if_o so_o than_o a_o deputy_n can_v make_v a_o deputy_n but_o yet_o he_o be_v not_o mere_o a_o deputy_n for_o if_o there_o be_v two_o lessee_n the_o remainder_n in_o fee_n to_o i._n s._n one_o of_o the_o lessee_n may_v take_v the_o livery_n and_o seisin_n yet_o if_o a_o letter_n of_o attorney_n be_v make_v to_o two_o joint_o one_o of_o they_o can_v take_v it_o and_o if_o in_o our_o case_n the_o lessee_n have_v dye_v before_o entry_n the_o livery_n may_v have_v be_v make_v to_o his_o executor_n and_o power_n and_o authority_n can_v be_v apportion_v and_o come_v to_o executor_n in_o such_o manner_n ergo_fw-la it_o be_v more_o than_o a_o power_n of_o a_o letter_n of_o attorney_n for_o the_o reason_n aforesaid_a and_o for_o these_o ensue_a for_o the_o lessee_n for_o year_n can_v be_v prohibit_v from_o take_v his_o livery_n by_o the_o lessor_n but_o a_o letter_n of_o attorney_n may_v be_v countermand_v yet_o the_o lessee_n alone_o can_v make_v this_o letter_n of_o attorney_n neither_o can_v he_o in_o the_o remainder_n make_v the_o same_o because_o he_o can_v not_o himself_o accept_v of_o the_o present_a livery_n neither_o can_v he_o meddle_v with_o the_o present_a possession_n which_o a_o livery_n and_o scisin_n yield_v but_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o lessee_n for_o year_n and_o he_o in_o remainder_n must_v join_v in_o the_o letter_n of_o attorney_n for_o these_o reason_n first_o they_o be_v both_o one_o party_n to_o the_o deed_n so_o ought_v they_o to_o be_v to_o the_o letter_n of_o attorney_n which_o be_v to_o give_v life_n thereunto_o second_o they_o be_v but_o in_o law_n one_o tenant_n three_o they_o shall_v join_v in_o advoury_a and_o in_o many_o case_n the_o lessee_n shall_v have_v aid_n of_o he_o in_o remainder_n for_o the_o privity_n between_o their_o estate_n and_o although_o the_o lessee_n get_v no_o estate_n by_o the_o livery_n yet_o he_o assist_v himself_o thereby_o with_o the_o aid_n and_o strength_n of_o he_o in_o the_o remainder_n and_o the_o livery_n go_v through_o his_o estate_n and_o so_o pass_v into_o the_o remainder_n therefore_o my_o conclusion_n be_v that_o they_o shall_v join_v in_o this_o letter_n of_o attorney_n and_o hereby_o i_o suppose_v i_o have_v convey_v a_o good_a estate_n in_o the_o manner_n to_o i._o s._n in_o the_o remainder_n to_o maintain_v my_o position_n for_o he_o in_o the_o end_n of_o my_o case_n and_o here_o i_o end_v my_o three_o common_a law_n point_n and_o now_o be_o come_v to_o the_o statute_n the_o reader_n argument_n upon_o the_o statute_n and_o commission_n the_o sea_n within_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n first_o touch_v our_o mare_n anglicum_fw-la in_o who_o the_o interest_n therein_o be_v and_o by_o what_o law_n the_o government_n thereof_o be_v be_v a_o fit_a question_n and_o worth_n the_o handle_n and_o in_o my_o argument_n therein_o i_o hope_v to_o make_v it_o manifest_a by_o many_o proof_n and_o precident_n of_o great_a worth_n and_o esteem_n that_o the_o king_n have_v therein_o these_o power_n and_o property_n videlicet_fw-la 1._o imperium_fw-la regale_n 2._o potestatem_fw-la legalem_fw-la 3._o proprietatem_fw-la tam_fw-la soli_fw-la quam_fw-la aquae_fw-la 4._o possessionem_fw-la &_o proficuum_fw-la tam_fw-la real_a quam_fw-la personale_fw-la and_o all_o these_o he_o have_v by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n in_o the_o 6._o r._n 2._o fitz._n prot._n 46._o it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v within_o 2._o 6._o r._n 2._o the_o legiance_n of_o the_o king_n as_o of_o his_o crown_n of_o england_n this_o prove_v that_o on_o the_o sea_n the_o king_n have_v dominationem_fw-la &_o imperium_fw-la ut_fw-la rex_fw-la angliae_fw-la and_o this_o by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n the_o charter_n of_o the_o admiral_n of_o england_n have_v these_o word_n charter_n admiral_n charter_n in_o it_o quod_fw-la habeat_fw-la potestatem_fw-la in_o causis_fw-la maritimis_fw-la ac_fw-la omne_fw-la bona_fw-la waviata_fw-la flotsan_fw-la jetsan_n &_o lagan_n ac_fw-la omne_fw-la bona_fw-la mercimonia_fw-la &_o catalla_fw-la in_o mare_fw-la depordita_fw-la seu_fw-la extra_fw-la mare_fw-la projecta_fw-la ac_fw-la omne_fw-la &_o singula_fw-la casualia_fw-la tam_fw-la in_o vel_fw-la super_fw-la mare_fw-la vel_fw-la littora_fw-la crecas_fw-la vel_fw-la coster_fw-la as_o maris_fw-la quam_fw-la in_o vel_fw-la super_fw-la aquas_fw-la dulces_fw-la portus_fw-la flumina_fw-la rivos_fw-la aut_fw-la alios_fw-la locos_fw-la superinundatos_fw-la quoscunque_fw-la inter_fw-la fluxum_fw-la &_o refluxum_fw-la maris_fw-la ceu_fw-la aquae_fw-la ad_fw-la plenitudinem_fw-la à _fw-la quibuscunque_fw-la primis_fw-la pontibus_fw-la versus_fw-la mare_fw-la per_fw-la totum_fw-la regnum_fw-la angliae_fw-la imprimis_fw-la this_o charter_n be_v under_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n quod_fw-la est_fw-la lex_fw-la angliae_fw-la the_o king_n grant_v to_o the_o admiral_n thereby_o power_n in_o maritine_n cause_n which_o prove_v the_o king_n legal_a power_n and_o jurisdiction_n on_o
the_o sea_n he_o grant_v to_o he_o bona_fw-la in_o mare_fw-la deperdita_fw-la super_fw-la mare_fw-la emergentia_fw-la &_o extra_fw-la mare_fw-la projecta_fw-la which_o be_v profit_n arise_v on_o the_o sea_n and_o all_o these_o be_v say_v to_o be_v per_fw-la totum_fw-la regnum_fw-la angliae_fw-la ergo_fw-la the_o sea_n be_v infra_fw-la regnum_fw-la angliae_fw-la in_o the_o eleven_o chapt._n de_fw-la prerogativa_fw-la regis_fw-la it_o be_v declare_v quod_fw-la rex_fw-la habebit_fw-la wreccum_fw-la maris_fw-la per_fw-la totum_fw-la regnum_fw-la &_o 11._o prerogativa_fw-la regis_fw-la cap._n 11._o balenas_n &_o sturgiones_n captos_fw-la in_o mari_n vel_fw-la alibi_fw-la infra_fw-la regnum_fw-la angliae_fw-la and_o this_o be_v by_o the_o common_a law_n before_o ever_o this_o statute_n be_v make_v for_o as_o the_o king_n be_v and_o be_v rhe_n most_o excellent_a creature_n within_o his_o realm_n so_o the_o most_o excellent_a thing_n which_o land_n and_o sea_n afford_v be_v appropriate_a unto_o he_o and_o this_o statute_n also_o prove_v the_o sea_n to_o be_v infra_fw-la regnum_fw-la angliae_fw-la and_o that_o the_o profit_n therein_o and_o thereon_o arise_v belong_v to_o the_o king_n by_o the_o temporal_a law_n of_o england_n in_o the_o case_n of_o sir_n henry_n constable_n in_o the_o five_o report_n of_o sir_n e._n cook_n it_o be_v say_v that_o flotsan_n jetsan_n and_o lagan_n be_v good_n case_n sir_n henry_n constables_z case_n on_o or_o in_o the_o sea_n and_o that_o they_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n and_o the_o king_n by_o his_o charter_n grant_v they_o to_o the_o admiral_n the_o statute_n of_o the_o 18._o edward_n 3_o let_v the_o sea_n be_v open_a to_o all_o 8._o stat_n 18._o e._n 3._o 28._o h._n 8._o stranger_n and_o the_o statute_n of_o 28._o h._n 8._o chapt._n 15._o if_o any_o treason_n murder_n or_o other_o felony_n be_v do_v on_o the_o sea_n coast_n the_o offender_n shall_v be_v try_v in_o such_o county_n as_o the_o king_n shall_v appoint_v by_o commission_n to_o be_v direct_v to_o the_o admiral_n and_o other_o to_o try_v the_o same_o per_fw-la sacramentum_fw-la duodecem_fw-la which_o be_v by_o jury_n and_o the_o statute_n 31._o h._n 6._o chapt._n 4._o there_o be_v a_o restraint_n 6._o 31._o h._n 6._o that_o no_o subject_n do_v attach_v any_o stranger_n in_o amity_n within_o this_o realm_n on_o the_o sea_n here_o the_o statute_n law_n be_v in_o force_n on_o the_o sea_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o example_n but_o these_o seem_v to_o tie_v the_o person_n only_o davies_n sir_n john_n davies_n and_o in_o the_o irish_a report_n of_o sir_n john_n davies_n in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o royal_a pischary_n of_o the_o banne_n it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v the_o king_n proper_a inheritance_n and_o mr._n bracton_n lib._n 2._o chap._n 12._o in_o his_o title_n de_fw-fr acquirendo_fw-la 12._o bracton_n l._n 2._o ch._n 12._o rexum_fw-la dominio_fw-la set_v forth_o a_o prescription_n in_o these_o word_n quod_fw-la i._n s._n &_o antecessores_fw-la svi_fw-la fuerunt_fw-la quiet_n '_o de_fw-fr theolonio_n &_o aliis_fw-la consuetudinibus_fw-la dandis_fw-la per_fw-la totum_fw-la regnum_fw-la angliae_fw-la tam_fw-la per_fw-la terram_fw-la quam_fw-la per_fw-la mare_fw-la and_o many_o time_n in_o that_o chapter_n he_o reiterate_v the_o same_o word_n which_o be_v a_o strong_a proof_n that_o the_o sea_n be_v infra_fw-la regnum_fw-la angliae_fw-la and_o that_o the_o king_n govern_v there_o by_o his_o common_a law_n of_o england_n for_o that_o prescription_n be_v a_o main_a and_o material_a point_n of_o the_o common_a law_n and_o the_o like_a be_v allege_v in_o sir_n henry_n constable_n case_n by_o way_n of_o custom_n in_o the_o citizen_n as_o of_o bristol_n to_o have_v flotsan_n on_o the_o sea_n between_o the_o high_a water_n and_o the_o low_a water_n mark_n so_o i_o take_v it_o i_o have_v prove_v the_o king_n full_a lord_n and_o owner_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o that_o the_o sea_n be_v within_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n and_o that_o i_o have_v also_o prove_v it_o by_o ancient_a book_n and_o authority_n of_o the_o law_n and_o by_o charter_n statute_n custom_n and_o prescription_n that_o the_o government_n therein_o be_v by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o this_o realm_n one_o case_n and_o one_o statute_n seem_v to_o sway_v to_o the_o contrary_a case_n lacy_n case_n and_o that_o be_v lacy_n case_n where_o one_o be_v strike_v on_o the_o sea_n and_o die_v on_o the_o land_n that_o the_o common_a law_n can_v not_o try_v this_o murder_n it_o be_v true_a because_o that_o trial_n be_v to_o be_v by_o jury_n which_o must_v come_v out_o of_o a_o proper_a county_n which_o can_v not_o in_o this_o case_n because_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o within_o county_n ground_n and_o so_o no_o jury_n can_v be_v summon_v there_o and_o i_o acknowledge_v that_o the_o king_n rule_v on_o the_o sea_n by_o the_o law_n imperial_a as_o by_o the_o roll_n of_o oleron_n and_o other_o but_o that_o oleron_n le_fw-fr roll_n de_fw-fr oleron_n be_v only_o in_o the_o particular_a case_n of_o ship_n and_o for_o merchant_n and_o mariner_n but_o the_o king_n have_v neither_o the_o property_n of_o the_o sea_n nor_o the_o real_a and_o personal_a profit_n there_o arise_v but_o by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n and_o in_o proof_n thereof_o the_o book_n 15._o and_o 16._o eliz._n in_o dyer_n where_o the_o ground_n gain_v from_o the_o sea_n pertain_v to_o the_o queen_n which_o must_v dyer_n 15._o 16._o eliz._n dyer_n needs_o be_v by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n for_o no_o law_n give_v the_o king_n any_o soil_n but_o only_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n so_o this_o be_v sufficient_a proof_n for_o the_o real_a profit_n and_o for_o the_o personal_a profit_n the_o charter_n of_o the_o admiralty_n and_o other_o case_n aforesaid_a make_v it_o manifest_a and_o there_o be_v a_o statute_n make_v in_o 1._o r._n 2._o chapt._n which_o restrain_v admiralty_n 1_o r._n 2._o rast_n admiralty_n the_o admiral_n that_o he_o do_v not_o meddle_v with_o any_o thing_n do_v within_o the_o realm_n but_o on_o the_o sea_n by_o which_o it_o may_v be_v collect_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o within_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n but_o in_o my_o opinion_n the_o intent_n of_o that_o statute_n do_v rather_o limit_v the_o admiral_n how_o far_o he_o shall_v extend_v his_o jurisdiction_n than_o any_o way_n to_o set_v forth_o the_o bound_n of_o this_o realm_n wherein_o my_o conclusion_n herein_o be_v that_o my_o statute_n have_v his_o extent_n within_o all_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n and_o that_o english_a sea_n be_v within_o the_o realm_n be_v within_o the_o bound_n of_o my_o say_a statute_n of_o sewer_n and_o that_o statute_n law_n be_v in_o full_a power_n on_o the_o sea_n as_o by_o the_o case_n and_o statute_n mention_v former_o do_v appear_v of_o island_n because_o in_o my_o case_n in_o matter_n though_o not_o in_o express_a insulis_fw-la de_fw-fr insulis_fw-la word_n there_o be_v a_o island_n therefore_o it_o come_v now_o fit_o in_o turn_n to_o declare_v who_o the_o same_o be_v in_o ownership_n and_o what_o law_n the_o same_o be_v to_o be_v govern_v by_o and_o first_o of_o the_o definition_n thereof_o justinian_n in_o suis_fw-la institutionibus_fw-la say_v that_o insule_n difinitio_fw-la insule_n insula_fw-la est_fw-la locus_fw-la undique_fw-la circumdatus_fw-la aquis_fw-la pag._n 153._o and_o with_o this_o agree_v britton_n in_o his_o title_n of_o purchase_n england_n of_o anglia_fw-it anglia_fw-it itself_o be_v not_o insula_n because_o it_o be_v not_o undique_fw-la circumdatus_fw-la aquis_fw-la but_o england_n and_o scotland_n be_v one_o entire_a island_n and_o the_o most_o scotia_n scotia_n famous_a in_o the_o whole_a world_n england_n take_v it_o per_fw-la se_fw-la est_fw-la peninsula_fw-la that_o be_v penè_fw-la insula_fw-la almost_o a_o island_n for_o on_o all_o part_n it_o peninsula_n peninsula_n join_v to_o the_o sea_n but_o towards_o some_o part_n of_o scotland_n gernsey_n and_o jernsey_n be_v island_n on_o the_o sea_n but_o it_o seem_v by_o the_o resolution_n in_o calvin_n case_n 7._o report_n that_o they_o be_v jernsey_n gernsey_n jernsey_n not_o within_o the_o realm_n nor_o govern_v by_o these_o law_n because_o the_o king_n have_v they_o by_o his_o title_n of_o france_n the_o isle_n of_o man_n be_v in_o time_n past_o a_o petty_a kingdom_n and_o have_v a_o king_n but_o he_o be_v only_o as_o a_o viceroy_n and_o under_o the_o man._n man._n king_n of_o england_n as_o by_o a_o record_n where_o artold_v king_n of_o man_n make_v suit_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n to_o come_v into_o england_n but_o whether_o man_n be_v within_o the_o realm_n or_o not_o seem_v to_o be_v put_v without_o question_n in_o sir_n edward_n cook_n case_n of_o calvin_n and_o by_o kelwayes_o report_v 11._o h._n 8._o that_o it_o be_v not_o for_o there_o a_o office_n find_v after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o derby_n by_o a_o writ_n out_o of_o the_o
not_o parcel_n wales_n wales_n thereof_o till_o the_o statute_n of_o 12._o e._n 1._o so_o make_v it_o and_o although_o that_o statute_n so_o annex_v wales_n to_o england_n yet_o be_v but_o by_o the_o word_n or_o figure_n adjuncta_fw-la the_o law_n of_o england_n be_v not_o total_o in_o force_n there_o till_o the_o statute_n 27._o h._n 8._o so_o declare_v they_o as_o be_v hold_v in_o rice_n thomas_n case_n in_o plo._n com._n but_o notwithstanding_o whether_o wales_n be_v within_o my_o statute_n or_o not_o be_v questionable_a for_o these_o reason_n follow_v first_o it_o be_v clear_a that_o a_o general_a law_n unstint_v and_o unbounded_a shall_v extend_v to_o wales_n as_o well_o as_o to_o england_n but_o our_o law_n grant_v commission_n within_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n and_o so_o precise_o prescribe_v it_o to_o bound_n and_o it_o may_v seem_v that_o the_o parliament_n take_v it_o so_o in_o 1._o mar._n cap._n 11._o where_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n be_v authorize_v in_o the_o county_n of_o glamorgan_n which_o as_o may_v be_v object_v need_v not_o if_o wales_n have_v be_v former_o comprise_v and_o some_o new_a statute_n as_o that_o of_o alehouse_n in_o 1._o ja._n cap._n 9_o and_o that_o of_o rogue_n 1._o ja._n cap._n 7._o extend_v the_o same_o to_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n and_o dominion_n of_o wales_n as_o if_o wales_n shall_v not_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o word_n the_o realm_n of_o england_n yet_o notwithstanding_o in_o my_o opinion_n this_o statute_n of_o 23._o h._n 8._o extend_v to_o wales_n for_o although_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 1._o mar._n give_v power_n to_o commissioner_n in_o glamorganshire_n that_o be_v for_o a_o special_a purpose_n which_o as_o be_v conceive_v the_o statute_n of_o 23._o h._n 8._o do_v not_o in_o england_n extend_v thereunto_o that_o as_o for_o the_o carry_v away_o of_o the_o sand_n which_o be_v throw_v upon_o their_o ground_n but_o in_o that_o statute_n it_o may_v well_o be_v perceive_v that_o the_o statute_n of_o 23._o h._n 8._o be_v of_o force_n there_o and_o insert_v the_o word_n dominion_n of_o wales_n in_o the_o say_a statute_n of_o poor_a and_o rogue_n be_v rather_o of_o superabundance_n to_o satisfy_v some_o which_o may_v nodum_fw-la in_o scirpo_fw-la querere_fw-la make_v a_o doubt_n where_o none_o be_v then_o that_o they_o be_v there_o put_v for_o any_o necessity_n require_v the_o same_o but_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o in_o this_o new_a spring_v up_o island_n the_o law_n of_o england_n be_v there_o in_o force_n because_o when_o it_o be_v sea_n the_o same_o be_v under_o the_o government_n of_o these_o law_n and_o although_o the_o nature_n and_o quality_n thereof_o be_v change_v viz._n dry_v land_n for_o full_a sea_n yet_o the_o same_o law_n and_o government_n remain_v in_o force_n so_o that_o i_o hold_v this_o new_a island_n within_o the_o statute_n and_o that_o the_o property_n thereof_o be_v the_o king_n now_o occasion_n and_o time_n give_v i_o fit_a opportunity_n to_o treat_v of_o ground_n which_o be_v new_o gain_v from_o the_o sea_n if_o as_o i_o have_v former_o declare_v the_o ground_n be_v the_o king_n when_o they_o be_v cover_v with_o water_n it_o must_v needs_o be_v hold_v a_o infallible_a ground_n that_o they_o be_v also_o the_o king_n when_o the_o water_n have_v leave_v they_o dry_a and_o when_o the_o water_n have_v their_o be_v on_o the_o same_o the_o whole_a profit_n there_o arise_v do_v appertain_v to_o the_o king_n yet_o i_o have_v know_v in_o some_o country_n where_o the_o frontager_n have_v claim_v those_o ground_n so_o leave_v by_o a_o pretend_a custom_n of_o frontager_n and_o some_o probable_a reason_n may_v be_v show_v wherefore_o they_o shall_v have_v the_o same_o for_o as_o their_o ground_n be_v near_a the_o sea_n and_o so_o next_o to_o the_o charge_n to_o repair_v the_o defence_n and_o next_o to_o the_o loss_n where_o any_o overflow_v happen_v it_o may_v therefore_o seem_v reasonable_a that_o as_o they_o be_v put_v to_o the_o great_a charge_n and_o in_o peril_n of_o the_o loss_n of_o their_o land_n that_o so_o if_o land_n be_v leave_v by_o the_o sea_n affront_v they_o that_o these_o land_n may_v accrue_v unto_o they_o as_o a_o reciprocal_a consideration_n for_o their_o charge_n and_o loss_n but_o i_o take_v it_o that_o of_o late_a the_o law_n have_v in_o these_o case_n be_v oftentime_o rule_v for_o the_o king_n against_o the_o subject_a for_o at_o cross_v in_o the_o county_n of_o lincoln_n 1600._o acre_n be_v gain_v from_o the_o sea_n affront_v the_o manor_n of_o sir_n valentine_n brown_n there_o yet_o he_o be_v put_v to_o obtain_v a_o grant_n from_o the_o king_n thereof_o and_o one_o bushey_n of_o st._n kegneys_n claim_v ground_n leave_v by_o the_o sea_n by_o the_o say_v pretend_a custom_n of_o frontage_n but_o they_o be_v decree_v against_o he_o in_o the_o court_n of_o ward_n in_o 12._o jac._n r._n in_o which_o case_n i_o be_v of_o counsel_n for_o it_o be_v inconvenient_a that_o the_o subject_n shall_v have_v frontage_n and_o yet_o no_o bound_n prescribe_v thereto_o so_o that_o ten_o thousand_o acre_n may_v be_v leave_v affront_n a_o man_n manor_n which_o be_v not_o fit_v a_o subject_n shall_v have_v this_o large_a inheritance_n by_o pretence_n of_o such_o allow_a custom_n and_o i_o suppose_v i_o may_v herein_o say_v in_o this_o case_n as_o mr._n plowden_n do_v of_o his_o silver_n mine_n that_o it_o be_v inconvenient_a a_o subject_n shall_v have_v the_o silver_n mine_n in_o his_o ground_n for_o so_o may_v he_o become_v rich_a than_o the_o king_n so_o it_o be_v not_o fit_v that_o a_o subject_n shall_v have_v the_o ground_n leave_v by_o the_o sea_n when_o so_o much_o may_v happen_v to_o be_v leave_v as_o the_o king_n own_o land_n in_o the_o realm_n come_v to_o and_o so_o because_o nimium_fw-la se_fw-la exaltat_fw-la in_o prerogativam_fw-la regis_fw-la i_o be_o of_o opinion_n the_o new_a gain_v ground_n from_o the_o sea_n appertain_v to_o the_o king_n as_o a_o royal_a escheat_n and_o not_o to_o the_o subject_n but_o in_o my_o case_n here_o be_v a_o prescription_n where_o the_o owner_n of_o the_o manor_n have_v incrementum_fw-la &_o decrementum_fw-la maris_fw-la of_o what_o force_n this_o be_v of_o be_v now_o to_o be_v argue_v therefore_o i_o will_v now_o declare_v what_o interest_n a_o subject_n can_v or_o may_v challenge_v in_o the_o sea_n in_o ground_n gain_v therefrom_o personal_n profit_v arise_v on_o the_o sea_n subject_n may_v have_v and_o challenge_v by_o custom_n and_o prescription_n as_o to_o have_v free_a pischary_n on_o the_o sea_n and_o a_o parson_n have_v tithe_n of_o fish_n get_v in_o the_o sea_n by_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o his_o parish_n &_o yet_o the_o sea_n nor_o any_o part_n thereof_o be_v not_o in_o any_o parish_n but_o it_o follow_v the_o person_n in_o sir_n henry_n constable_n case_n the_o citizen_n of_o bristol_n case_n sir_n henry_n constables_z case_n claim_v flotsan_n which_o be_v good_n float_v in_o the_o sea_n by_o custom_n in_o bracton_n chap._n 12._o one_o allege_v to_o be_v discharge_v bracton_n bracton_n of_o toll_n or_o custom_n on_o the_o sea_n by_o prescription_n in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o swan_n in_o sir_n edward_n cook_n 7._o report_n one_o prescribe_v to_o have_v a_o game_n of_o wild_a swan_n at_o abbotberry_n in_o a_o creek_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v a_o member_n or_o arm_n of_o swan_n case_n of_o swan_n the_o sea_n and_o in_o sir_n henry_n constable_n aforesaid_a it_o be_v take_v and_o receive_v for_o law_n that_o a_o subject_n manor_n may_v extend_v to_o the_o low_a water-mark_a by_o prescription_n and_o see_v all_o these_o a_o subject_n may_v have_v in_o and_o on_o the_o sea_n wherefore_o then_o shall_v he_o not_o have_v all_o the_o ground_n leave_v by_o the_o sea_n by_o prescription_n to_o that_o i_o answer_v that_o he_o can_v have_v claim_n in_o any_o thing_n by_o prescription_n and_o custom_n but_o that_o which_o lie_v in_o use_n which_o be_v the_o life_n of_o they_o both_o but_o land_n and_o ground_n which_o have_v always_o be_v sea_n can_v not_o be_v nor_o lie_v in_o use_n and_o therefore_o they_o can_v be_v claim_v nor_o the_o same_o can_v be_v bound_v out_o by_o prescription_n or_o custom_n yet_o land_n between_o the_o high-water_n mark_v and_o low-water_n mark_v the_o bound_n thereof_o may_v be_v prescribe_v to_o belong_v to_o or_o to_o be_v parcel_n of_o the_o manor_n because_o in_o every_o twelve_o hour_n or_o in_o every_o day_n they_o lie_v dry_a and_o so_o a_o subject_a all_o that_o time_n may_v have_v use_n of_o they_o and_o so_o of_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o say_a thing_n but_o in_o that_o which_o never_o lie_v in_o use_n no_o custom_n or_o prescription_n can_v take_v hold_v on_o insomuch_o that_o in_o my_o opinion_n no_o prescription_n
or_o custom_n can_v fetch_v land_n further_o than_o the_o low_a water-mark_a ground_n leave_v but_o now_o what_o ground_n shall_v be_v say_v a_o leave_v by_o the_o sea_n be_v a_o point_n in_o my_o case_n also_o for_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o at_o springtide_n the_o sea_n use_v to_o overflow_v the_o marsh_n in_o lincolnshire_n and_o norfolk_n and_o return_v within_o a_o short_a space_n again_o these_o be_v usual_a and_o annual_a be_v not_o account_v ground_n leave_v or_o gain_v from_o the_o sea_n so_o because_o the_o marsh_n in_o lincolnshire_n and_o the_o sand_n in_o lincolnshire_n be_v overflow_v every_o twelve_o hour_n and_o then_o dry_a again_o be_v not_o account_v ground_n leave_v or_o gain_v from_o the_o sea_n because_o the_o sea_n have_v daily_o her_o recourse_n thereon_o and_o therefore_o in_o 15_o and_o 16_o eliz._n in_o dier_n foe_n 326._o 326._o 15._o eliz._n dyer_n 326._o in_o the_o case_n there_o be_v a_o quantity_n of_o ground_n be_v leave_v by_o the_o sea_n and_o whether_o the_o king_n or_o he_o who_o ground_n be_v adjoin_v shall_v have_v they_o be_v there_o make_v a_o question_n but_o in_o that_o case_n there_o be_v a_o excellent_a precedent_n set_v down_o very_o apt_a for_o the_o handle_n of_o this_o point_n put_v in_o 43_o e._n 3._o contra_fw-la 3._o 43._o e._n 3._o abbot'de_fw-mi ramsey_n de_fw-fr quodam_fw-la processu_fw-la in_o scacario_fw-la facto_fw-la versus_fw-la dict'_fw-it abbot_n ad_fw-la ostendendum_fw-la quare_fw-la sexagint_n '_o acrae_fw-la marisci_fw-la in_o manus_fw-la dom_n '_o regis_fw-la non_fw-la debent_fw-la sesiri_fw-la quas_fw-la predict_v '_o abbess_n appropriavit_fw-la sibi_fw-la &_o domui_fw-la suae_fw-la sine_fw-la licentia_fw-la regis_fw-la super_fw-la quandam_fw-la presentation_n virtute_fw-la cujusdam_fw-la generalis_fw-la commission_n '_o de_fw-fr terris_fw-la à _fw-la rege_fw-la detentis_fw-la &_o concelatis_fw-la abbas_n respondit_fw-la quod_fw-la ipse_fw-la tenet_fw-la manner_n '_o de_fw-fr braunce_v quod_fw-la scituatum_fw-la est_fw-la juxta_fw-la mare_fw-la et_fw-la quod_fw-la est_fw-la ibid._n quidam_fw-la mariscus_fw-la qui_fw-la aliquando_fw-la per_fw-la fluxum_fw-la maris_fw-la minoratur_fw-la &_o aliquando_fw-la per_fw-la de_fw-la fluxum_fw-la maris_fw-la augetur_fw-la absque_fw-la hoc_fw-la quod_fw-la appropriavit_fw-la sibi_fw-la prout_fw-la per_fw-la presentation_n '_o predic_n '_o supponebatur_fw-la and_o the_o attorney_n of_o the_o king_n maintain_v the_o contrary_a and_o thereupon_o the_o king_n and_o the_o abbot_n be_v at_o a_o issue_n so_o by_o the_o case_n i_o gather_v these_o matter_n first_o that_o if_o by_o little_a the_o sea_n sometime_o decrease_v and_o leave_v some_o parcel_n to_o the_o land_n and_o some_o other_o time_n run_v over_o the_o same_o again_o this_o ground_n belong_v not_o to_o the_o king_n for_o these_o be_v ground_n whereto_o the_o subject_n may_v have_v a_o property_n as_o in_o the_o ground_n of_o the_o shore_n but_o otherwise_o it_o be_v where_o great_a quantity_n of_o ground_n which_o have_v always_o be_v drown_v before_o be_v leave_v that_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n also_o by_o this_o precedent_n the_o law_n be_v take_v to_o be_v that_o these_o ground_n leave_v by_o the_o sea_n to_o the_o land_n be_v in_o the_o county_n of_o norfolk_n whereto_o they_o do_v adjoyn_v and_o in_o my_o opinion_n within_o that_o parish_n whereto_o they_o lie_v for_o there_o be_v a_o presentment_n which_o be_v by_o a_o jury_n of_o nofolk_n and_o the_o jury_n take_v to_o try_v a_o issue_n must_v be_v de_fw-la viceneto_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la commitatus_fw-la but_o note_v there_o the_o presentment_n be_v by_o a_o jury_n de_fw-fr corpore_fw-la commitatus_fw-la in_o 22._o lib._n assis_n pl._n 93._o the_o case_n be_v that_o 93._o 22._o lib._n ass_n pl._n 93._o a_o river_n of_o water_n do_v run_v between_o two_o lordship_n and_o the_o soil_n of_o one_o side_n together_o with_o the_o river_n of_o water_n do_v whole_o belong_v to_o one_o of_o the_o say_a lordship_n and_o the_o river_n by_o little_a and_o little_o do_v gather_v upon_o the_o soil_n of_o the_o other_o lord_n but_o so_o slow_o that_o if_o one_o have_v fix_v his_o eye_n a_o whole_a day_n thereon_o together_o it_o can_v not_o be_v perceive_v by_o this_o petty_a and_o unperceivable_a increase_n the_o increasement_n be_v get_v to_o the_o owner_n of_o the_o river_n but_o if_o the_o river_n by_o a_o sudden_a and_o unusual_a flood_n have_v gain_v hasty_o a_o great_a parcel_n of_o the_o other_o lord_n ground_n he_o shall_v not_o thereby_o have_v lose_v the_o same_o and_o so_o of_o petty_a and_o unperceivable_a increasement_n from_o the_o sea_n the_o king_n gain_v no_o property_n for_o de_fw-fr minimis_fw-la non_fw-la curate_n rex_fw-la but_o put_v the_o case_n the_o sea_n overflow_v a_o field_n where_o divers_a man_n gound_n lie_v promiscuous_o and_o there_o continue_v so_o long_o that_o the_o same_o be_v account_v parcel_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o then_o after_o many_o year_n the_o sea_n go_v back_o and_o leave_v the_o same_o but_o the_o ground_n be_v so_o deface_v as_o the_o bound_n thereof_o be_v clean_o extinct_a and_o grow_v out_o of_o knowledge_n it_o may_v be_v the_o king_n shall_v have_v those_o ground_n yet_o in_o history_n i_o find_v that_o nilus_n every_o year_n so_o overflow_v the_o ground_n adjoin_v that_o their_o bound_n be_v deface_v thereby_o yet_o they_o be_v able_a to_o set_v they_o out_o by_o the_o art_n of_o geometry_n these_o ground_n in_o my_o case_n which_o be_v leave_v by_o the_o sea_n and_o chester_n the_o prince_n count_v palatine_n of_o chester_n lie_v from_o the_o haven_n next_o to_o the_o shore_n be_v as_o i_o have_v former_o deliver_v it_o within_o the_o county_n palatine_n of_o chester_n and_o therefore_o whether_o the_o prince_n or_o the_o king_n shall_v have_v they_o be_v now_o my_o question_n the_o prince_n have_v not_o only_a jura_n regalia_z but_o also_o escheta_n regalia_z within_o his_o say_a palatinate_n and_o so_o in_o my_o opinion_n be_v not_o only_a owner_n of_o the_o county_n but_o lord_n of_o the_o prerogative_n there_o and_o all_o jurisdiction_n be_v to_o the_o prince_n only_o a_o writ_n of_o error_n lie_v in_o the_o king_n bench_n of_o a_o judgement_n there_o like_o a_o appeal_n to_o caesar_n than_o he_o be_v lord_n of_o those_o law_n by_o which_o the_o freehold_a and_o inheritance_n of_o those_o land_n be_v rule_v wherefore_o then_o shall_v not_o these_o land_n belong_v to_o his_o grace_n and_o first_o it_o be_v usual_a to_o have_v a_o commission_n direct_v to_o inquire_v of_o these_o land_n ut_fw-mi de_fw-mi terris_fw-la concelatis_fw-la and_o this_o inquiry_n shall_v be_v by_o commission_n if_o that_o commission_n be_v to_o issue_n out_o of_o the_o county_n palatine_n of_o chester_n than_o the_o land_n will_v questionless_a fall_n to_o the_o prince_n and_o the_o inquiry_n to_o be_v make_v of_o the_o freeholder_n of_o the_o say_a county_n palatine_n the_o case_n put_v in_o barkleys_n case_n in_o the_o comment_n of_o mr._n plowden_n foe_n 129._o do_v force_n much_o against_o the_o prince_n title_n for_o there_o it_o be_v put_v that_o the_o bishop_n of_o durham_n have_v liberties_n and_o privilege_n in_o terris_fw-la suis_fw-la inter_fw-la fluvios_fw-la de_fw-la tyne_n de_fw-fr tese_n and_o afterward_o purchase_v more_o land_n between_o these_o two_o river_n the_o say_a liberty_n and_o privilege_n shall_v not_o extend_v thereto_o and_o so_o if_o one_o have_v a_o warren_n in_o his_o land_n in_o dayle_n and_o he_o purchase_v other_o land_n there_o his_o warren_n can_v be_v extend_v upon_o these_o new_a purchase_a land_n for_o say_v the_o book_n thing_n or_o privilege_n confine_v to_o certain_a precinct_n or_o dominion_n can_v be_v extend_v further_o though_o the_o dominion_n be_v enlarge_v and_o that_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v enlarge_v with_o the_o enlargement_n but_o the_o county_n palatine_n vest_v in_o the_o prince_n be_v prescribe_v within_o no_o other_o bound_n then_o the_o word_n county_n do_v confine_v it_o and_o therefore_o this_o fall_v to_o be_v within_o the_o county_n shall_v be_v proper_o he_o and_o as_o i_o be_o imform_v the_o prince_n have_v special_a word_n therefore_o in_o his_o charter_n if_o it_o be_v grant_v that_o these_o ground_n can_v be_v claim_v by_o charter_n but_o i_o be_o clear_a of_o opinion_n that_o no_o increase_n of_o the_o new_a leave_v ground_n can_v possible_o become_v within_o the_o county_n of_o the_o city_n of_o chester_n for_o the_o bound_n thereof_o can_v extend_v over_o that_o circle_n which_o their_o charter_n have_v confine_v they_o to_o and_o so_o for_o the_o cause_n and_o reason_n former_o declare_v i_o take_v it_o that_o the_o say_a island_n be_v the_o king_n the_o ground_n leave_v between_o the_o haven_n and_o the_o ancient_a shore_n belong_v to_o the_o prince_n as_o earl_n of_o chester_n and_o the_o shore_n because_o of_o the_o say_a prescription_n appertain_v to_o c._n the_o subject_a as_o parcel_n of_o the_o say_a manor_n and_o so_o
examine_v this_o part_n of_o the_o statute_n which_o produce_v these_o matter_n i_o have_v frame_v a_o case_n which_o do_v give_v occasion_n in_o this_o day_n exercise_v to_o dispute_v of_o all_o they_o the_o case_n for_o the_o second_o lecture_n a._n lease_v his_o manor_n in_o the_o county_n of_o lincoln_n in_o which_o case_n second_o case_n be_v copyhold_n to_o b._n a_o young_a son_n for_o his_o life_n upon_o condition_n to_o have_v it_o for_o the_o life_n of_o c._n upon_o condition_n to_o have_v it_o to_o he_o and_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o body_n of_o his_o father_n a_o copyhold_n be_v forfeit_a the_o first_o condition_n be_v perform_v the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n in_o that_o county_n upon_o view_n survey_v and_o by_o their_o discretion_n decree_v a_o new_a bank_n where_o none_o be_v before_o to_o resist_v the_o sea_n and_o a_o new_a river_n to_o be_v cut_v to_o drain_v the_o superfluous_a water_n in_o s._n and_o a_o old_a sewer_n in_o d._n to_o be_v repair_v and_o by_o inquisition_n assess_v b._n the_o lessee_n for_o the_o manor_n the_o copyholder_n for_o the_o copyhold_n land_n and_o the_o town_n of_o s._n and_o also_o the_o parson_n there_o for_o his_o tithe_n because_o they_o lie_v all_o in_o the_o level_n the_o second_o condition_n be_v perform_v b._n enter_v in_o the_o copyhold_n my_o conclusion_n be_v that_o this_o new_a bank_n new_a river_n and_o old_a sewer_n be_v well_o decree_v but_o the_o say_v sesse_v be_v void_a in_o toto_fw-la &_o in_fw-la qualibet_fw-la parte_fw-la point_n at_o the_o common_a law_n the_o point_n of_o this_o case_n be_v three_o at_o the_o common_a law_n and_o three_o upon_o this_o statute_n but_o all_o of_o they_o be_v so_o weave_v within_o another_o that_o every_o one_o of_o they_o go_v hand_n in_o hand_n from_o the_o begin_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o case_n imprimis_fw-la whether_o the_o duplicate_v condition_n be_v good_a or_o not_o second_o what_o estate_n b._n the_o young_a son_n have_v by_o the_o first_o condition_n and_o what_o estate_n he_o have_v get_v by_o the_o second_o three_o a_o copyhold_n become_v forfeit_a to_o the_o lord_n and_o before_o the_o lord_n take_v advantage_n of_o it_o his_o estate_n be_v change_v whether_o by_o the_o change_n of_o his_o estate_n the_o benefit_n of_o the_o forfeiture_n be_v lose_v or_o not_o point_n upon_o the_o statute_n imprimis_fw-la whether_o commissioner_n have_v power_n to_o decree_v a_o new_a bank_n a_o new_a drain_v and_o other_o new_a defence_n or_o not_o and_o herein_o the_o quality_n and_o property_n of_o river_n stream_n and_o bank_n and_o their_o dependent_n be_v to_o be_v treat_v of_o second_o whether_o they_o may_v decree_v the_o say_v new_a defence_n by_o view_n and_o survey_v and_o herein_o be_v to_o be_v handle_v what_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n may_v do_v by_o survey_n and_o what_o they_o may_v do_v by_o their_o discretion_n and_o what_o they_o may_v do_v by_o jury_n three_o in_o what_o case_n assess_v and_o tax_n may_v be_v lay_v and_o impose_v and_o on_o what_o thing_n and_o in_o what_o manner_n they_o be_v to_o be_v impose_v and_o whether_o the_o rate_n set_v upon_o the_o person_n in_o any_o case_n be_v well_o do_v or_o not_o and_o where_o the_o fault_n be_v if_o any_o be_v argumentum_fw-la lectoris_fw-la see_v it_o have_v be_v the_o ancient_a order_n for_o the_o reader_n of_o this_o place_n to_o maintain_v the_o conclusion_n of_o his_o case_n i_o shall_v therefore_o endeavour_v myself_o to_o perform_v that_o order_n which_o custom_n have_v impose_v upon_o i_o and_z according_o as_o i_o have_v conclude_v so_o i_o take_v the_o law_n to_o be_v and_o touch_v the_o first_o point_n it_o have_v be_v challenge_v and_o draw_v in_o question_n upon_o some_o opinion_n deliver_v in_o the_o rector_n of_o cheddingtons_n case_n in_o sir_n edward_n cook_n first_o report_n where_o it_o say_v that_o one_o contingent_a can_v depend_v upon_o another_o report_n sir_n ed._n cook_n 1_o report_n but_o more_o strict_o it_o be_v call_v to_o a_o account_n in_o the_o lord_n staffords_n case_n in_o sir_n edward_n cook_n eight_o report_n for_o there_o it_o be_v 8._o cook_n rep._n 8._o hold_v that_o one_o possibility_n can_v depend_v upon_o another_o possibility_n and_o this_o case_n be_v there_o put_v that_o if_o a._n let_v land_n to_o b._n for_o year_n upon_o condition_n to_o have_v it_o for_o life_n and_o upon_o condition_n to_o have_v fee_n that_o the_o fee_fw-mi simple_a can_v never_o increase_v by_o the_o second_o condition_n but_o as_o he_o say_v in_o another_o case_n amicus_fw-la plato_n amicus_fw-la socrates_n sed_fw-la magis_fw-la amica_fw-la veritas_fw-la his_o rule_n take_v in_o the_o first_o case_n be_v very_o general_a and_o the_o lord_n staffords_n case_n admit_v distinction_n which_o in_o my_o argument_n i_o shall_v apply_v myself_o unto_o and_o some_o difference_n i_o shall_v take_v in_o this_o point_n in_o question_n therefore_o i_o shall_v thus_o distinguish_v that_o if_o upon_o performance_n of_o the_o first_o condition_n the_o original_a estate_n be_v determine_v upon_o which_o both_o the_o first_o and_o second_o condition_n be_v build_v and_o ground_v the_o second_o condition_n and_o increase_n thereupon_o be_v utter_o void_a but_o if_o the_o first_o estate_n be_v not_o destroy_v nor_o confound_v upon_o the_o first_o condition_n perform_v the_o second_o condition_n and_o estate_n thereof_o which_o shall_v be_v get_v thereby_o may_v then_o well_o grow_v upon_o the_o old_a stock_n to_o explain_v this_o by_o example_n if_o a._n give_v land_n to_o b._n in_o fee_n simple_a upon_o condition_n to_o have_v the_o land_n in_o tail_n upon_o condition_n to_o have_v for_o life_n here_o because_o the_o first_o estate_n and_o livery_n by_o the_o first_o condition_n be_v not_o destroy_v therefore_o the_o second_o condition_n shall_v well_o stand_v in_o force_n so_o i_o do_v make_v a_o lease_n to_o a._n for_o twenty_o year_n upon_o condition_n to_o have_v the_o land_n for_o forty_o year_n upon_o condition_n to_o have_v fee_n this_o first_o condition_n and_o second_o condition_n may_v have_v both_o their_o full_a operation_n for_o by_o the_o performance_n of_o the_o first_o condition_n the_o lease_n of_o twenty_o year_n be_v not_o destroy_v but_o stand_v on_o foot_n and_o therefore_o the_o original_a estate_n remain_v unconfound_v the_o fee_n simple_a may_v well_o increase_v by_o the_o performance_n of_o the_o second_o condition_n but_o if_o a_o lease_n be_v make_v to_o a._n for_o his_o life_n upon_o condition_n to_o have_v in_o tail_n upon_o condition_n to_o have_v fee_n the_o second_o condition_n here_o be_v utter_o void_a because_o by_o the_o performance_n of_o the_o first_o condition_n a._n have_v a_o estate_n in_o tail_n which_o drown_v and_o destroy_v his_o estate_n for_o life_n and_o so_o because_o every_o decrease_a and_o increase_a estate_n be_v to_o depend_v upon_o the_o first_o estate_n which_o receive_v the_o livery_n which_o be_v the_o life_n of_o all_o therefore_o the_o second_o estate_n can_v never_o accrue_v in_o this_o case_n and_o this_o be_v true_a reason_n as_o i_o take_v it_o of_o the_o say_a case_n put_v in_o the_o lord_n staffords_n case_n for_o there_o the_o case_n for_o year_n be_v destroy_v by_o the_o lease_n for_o life_n which_o come_v by_o the_o first_o case_n lord_z staffords_z case_n condition_n and_o so_o the_o fee_fw-mi simple_a there_o can_v never_o accrue_v by_o the_o second_o condition_n and_o in_o answer_n to_o the_o say_v general_a ground_n take_v in_o the_o rector_n of_o cheddingtons_n case_n that_o one_o case_n rector_n de_fw-fr cheddingtons_n case_n contingent_a or_o possibility_n can_v depend_v upon_o another_o under_o favour_n i_o take_v it_o not_o that_o i_o be_o bind_v thereby_o neither_o be_v it_o the_o meaning_n of_o sir_n edward_n cook_n as_o i_o take_v it_o to_o extend_v the_o same_o so_o large_o as_o they_o be_v there_o put_v because_o i_o find_v many_o authority_n of_o great_a account_n which_o be_v against_o the_o say_a general_a position_n and_o first_o in_o the_o 38_o h._n 8._o br._n feoffment_n pl._n 71._o a_o feoffment_n s._n 38_o h._n s._n be_v make_v to_o the_o use_n of_o a._n and_o his_o heir_n until_o i._o s._n pay_v he_o ten_o pound_n and_o then_o to_o i._o s._n and_o his_o heir_n and_o so_o to_o the_o three_o person_n and_o what_o be_v this_o but_o one_o condition_n contingent_a and_o possibility_n to_o depend_v upon_o another_o for_o these_o contingent_n there_o be_v hold_v good_a and_o be_v build_v upon_o a_o sure_a foundation_n and_o so_o in_o dig_v case_n in_o sir_n edward_n cook_n report_v where_o a_o feoffment_n be_v make_v to_o the_o use_n of_o a._n and_o his_o heir_n with_o case_n dig_v case_n power_n of_o revocation_n and_o after_o of_o new_a limitation_n of_o estate_n these_o be_v also_o contingent_n and_o possibility_n
both_o degree_n and_o in_o 2_o e._n 3._o the_o case_n 3._o 2_o e._n 3._o be_v famous_a and_o be_v know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o roberges_n case_n where_o land_n be_v give_v to_o she_o and_o to_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o husband_n of_o her_o body_n beget_v and_o it_o be_v there_o hold_v that_o if_o her_o husband_n be_v then_o dead_a and_o leave_v any_o heir_n which_o he_o have_v by_o she_o they_o may_v take_v joint_o with_o she_o for_o that_o it_o be_v not_o possible_a to_o take_v by_o descent_n from_o the_o say_v roberges_n because_o he_o which_o take_v it_o must_v not_o be_v heir_n to_o she_o but_o to_o the_o husband_n who_o never_o hold_v any_o estate_n therein_o and_o so_o to_o be_v short_a i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o no_o estate_n of_o inheritance_n be_v gain_v by_o b._n by_o these_o word_n the_o heir_n of_o the_o body_n of_o his_o father_n the_o case_n upon_o the_o three_o point_n be_v this_o a_o manor_n be_v grant_v point_n three_o point_n to_o one_o for_o his_o life_n upon_o condition_n to_o have_v it_o for_o the_o life_n of_o c._n then_o a_o copyhold_n be_v forfeit_a and_o before_o the_o lord_n seize_v his_o estate_n be_v alter_v or_o change_v if_o now_o he_o can_v take_v advantage_n of_o this_o forfeiture_n or_o not_o wherein_o the_o alter_n of_o the_o estate_n of_o one_o to_o another_o be_v of_o like_a force_n as_o where_o it_o alter_v in_o the_o party_n self_n against_o which_o it_o may_v be_v say_v that_o if_o tenant_n for_o life_n make_v waste_n and_o then_o he_o in_o the_o reversion_n grant_v over_o the_o reversion_n the_o grantee_n shall_v not_o now_o punish_v this_o waste_n and_o so_o mr._n perkins_n fol._n 20._o if_o a_o tenant_n alien_n in_o mortmain_n and_o 20._o perkins_n so_o 20._o then_o the_o lord_n grant_v away_o his_o signiory_n the_o grantee_n shall_v not_o enter_v for_o this_o mortmain_n so_o by_o fitz._n in_o his_o nat._n breed_v in_o his_o admeasurement_n brc._a fitz._n har._n nat._n brc._a of_o dower_n if_o a_o garden_n assign_v to_o a_o woman_n more_o dower_n than_o she_o ought_v to_o have_v and_o then_o grant_v his_o gardenship_n over_o the_o grantee_n can_v have_v a_o admeasurement_n of_o dower_n against_o she_o and_o so_o binghams_n case_n in_o sir_n edward_n cook_n 2._o rep._n where_o there_o be_v tenant_n for_o life_n remainder_n in_o fee_n of_o a_o tenancy_n hold_v rep._n binghams_n case_n cook_n 2_o rep._n by_o knight_n service_n and_o he_o in_o remainder_n die_v his_o heir_n within_o age_n and_o then_o the_o lord_n grant_v away_o his_o signiory_n and_o then_o tenant_n for_o life_n die_v by_o which_o the_o say_a heir_n be_v to_o have_v be_v in_o ward_n yet_o because_o the_o signiory_n be_v grant_v away_o after_o the_o inception_n of_o the_o wardship_n before_o it_o be_v perfect_o due_a it_o be_v there_o hold_v that_o neither_o the_o grant_n nor_o the_o grantee_n shall_v have_v the_o same_o so_o lessee_n for_o life_n without_o impeachment_n dicr_n bokenhams_n case_n in_o dicr_n of_o waist_n remainder_n for_o his_o own_o life_n the_o privilege_n be_v lose_v but_o yet_o notwithstanding_o i_o do_v hold_v that_o in_o this_o case_n b._n after_o he_o have_v by_o the_o performance_n of_o the_o condition_n alter_v his_o estate_n which_o he_o have_v when_o the_o forfeiture_n be_v commit_v yet_o shall_v he_o afterward_o take_v advantage_n thereof_o well_o enough_o as_o if_o there_o be_v tenant_n for_o life_n the_o remainder_n for_o life_n to_o i._o s._n and_o the_o first_o tenant_n for_o life_n commit_v waste_n or_o forfeiture_n he_o in_o the_o reversion_n can_v punish_v this_o during_o the_o life_n of_o he_o in_o the_o remainder_n for_o life_n but_o after_o his_o death_n he_o may_v also_o if_o one_o make_v a_o lease_n for_o year_n upon_o condition_n to_o be_v void_a and_o the_o lessor_n grant_v away_o his_o reversion_n the_o grantee_n may_v enter_v for_o breach_n of_o this_o condition_n by_o 11_o h._n 7._o 17._o and_o yet_o here_o the_o estate_n in_o reversion_n be_v alter_v from_o 17._o 11_o h._n 7._o 17._o one_o to_o another_o and_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o if_o a_o tenant_n for_o life_n be_v the_o remainder_n in_o fee_n to_o another_o of_o a_o manor_n and_o a_o copyhold_n be_v forfeit_a and_o then_o tenant_n for_o life_n die_v that_o he_o in_o remainder_n may_v enter_v into_o this_o copyhold_n and_o yet_o this_o estate_n be_v alter_v into_o a_o possession_n from_o a_o remainder_n and_o in_o the_o case_n although_o the_o estate_n in_o b._n be_v alter_v yet_o it_o be_v by_o decreaser_n and_o so_o thereby_o it_o be_v parcel_n of_o the_o old_a estate_n he_o have_v before_o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v like_a to_o a_o case_n where_o the_o husband_n and_o wife_n be_v tenant_n in_o special_a tail_n and_o they_o recover_v by_o assize_n and_o then_o the_o husband_n die_v and_o after_o his_o death_n without_o issue_n the_o wife_n estate_n be_v alter_v from_o a_o estate_n tail_n into_o a_o estate_n of_o possibility_n of_o issue_n extinct_a be_v again_o put_v out_o and_o disseize_v and_o she_o bring_v a_o writ_n of_o redisseisin_n 77._o 2_o h._n 4._o 17._o &_o 26_o h._n 6._o title_n aid_v pl._n 77._o which_o will_v not_o lie_v but_o on_o the_o first_o estate_n and_o against_o the_o first_o party_n and_o yet_o it_o be_v maintain_v because_o it_o be_v parcel_n of_o her_o former_a estate_n and_o so_o in_o this_o case_n although_o the_o estate_n of_o b._n be_v alter_v from_o his_o own_o life_n into_o the_o life_n of_o c._n yet_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o he_o may_v take_v advantage_n of_o this_o forfeiture_n because_o the_o customary_a estate_n be_v utter_o void_a thereby_o point_n upon_o the_o statute_n i_o be_o determine_v before_o i_o enter_v into_o the_o discourse_n of_o new_a defence_n in_o my_o case_n to_o deliver_v my_o opinion_n touch_v the_o wall_n bank_n and_o other_o ancient_a defence_n which_o have_v have_v their_o be_v time_n out_o of_o memory_n and_o in_o truth_n be_v the_o very_a material_n and_o memorial_n of_o antiquity_n and_o because_o bank_n and_o wall_n be_v the_o first_o name_v in_o the_o commission_n they_o shall_v therefore_o have_v the_o first_o place_n in_o my_o argument_n be_v the_o most_o ancient_a and_o approve_a defence_n as_o well_o against_o the_o rage_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o against_o the_o violence_n of_o fresh_a water_n that_o either_o art_n or_o nature_n have_v produce_v bank_n the_o bank_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v the_o utmost_a border_n of_o dry_a land_n and_o be_v of_o the_o same_o material_n with_o the_o ground_n wherein_o and_o whereon_o it_o stand_v it_o be_v sometime_o natural_a and_o in_o some_o place_n artificial_a natural_a as_o mountain_n raise_v high_a than_o other_o ground_n adjoin_v as_o it_o please_v the_o creator_n when_o the_o first_o huge_a chaos_n be_v separate_v divide_a and_o distribute_v artificial_a when_o it_o be_v cast_v by_o man_n hand_n justinian_n the_o emperor_n treat_v of_o these_o in_o his_o institutes_n and_o his_o title_n de_fw-fr rerum_fw-la divisione_n describe_v they_o in_o this_o manner_n riparum_fw-la usus_fw-la est_fw-la publicus_fw-la illar_n '_o verò_fw-la domin_v '_o ad_fw-la eos_fw-la pertinet_fw-la qui_fw-la proximior_fw-la praediis_fw-la domini_fw-la sunt_fw-la itaque_fw-la nave_n ad_fw-la eas_fw-la appellere_fw-la funes_fw-la arboribus_fw-la ibi_fw-la natis_fw-la religare_fw-la onus_fw-la aliquod_fw-la in_o his_o reponere_fw-la cuilibet_fw-la liberum_fw-la est_fw-la by_o which_o authority_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o ownership_n and_o property_n of_o the_o sea_n bank_n and_o bank_n of_o great_a river_n be_v to_o they_o who_o ground_n be_v next_o thereto_o adjoin_v and_o the_o tree_n grass_n and_o other_o thing_n thereon_o grow_v belong_v to_o the_o owner_n of_o the_o soil_n but_o the_o use_n of_o the_o bank_n be_v common_a to_o all_o the_o king_n liege_n people_n as_o to_o tie_v the_o ship_n and_o boat_n to_o the_o tree_n and_o to_o tow_v they_o to_o and_o fro_o and_o to_o lade_v and_o unlade_v their_o merchandize_n thereon_o and_o for_o fisher_n to_o dry_v their_o net_n on_o and_o as_o the_o owner_n of_o the_o soil_n and_o proprietor_n of_o the_o ground_n can_v justify_v the_o dig_v or_o cast_v of_o they_o down_o whereby_o the_o people_n shall_v be_v hinder_v of_o their_o necessary_a use_n thereof_o no_o more_o can_v the_o people_n which_o have_v but_o necessarium_fw-la usum_fw-la fall_v up_o the_o tree_n or_o mow_v the_o grass_n thereon_o grow_v neither_o aught_o they_o to_o dig_v ballast_n there_o but_o every_o one_o as_o well_o owner_n as_o user_n sic_fw-la uti_fw-la svo_fw-la ut_fw-la alienum_fw-la non_fw-la laedat_fw-la i_o can_v more_o apt_o compare_v a_o bank_n of_o the_o sea_n or_o of_o a_o navigable_a river_n then_o to_o a_o highway_n for_o that_o the_o property_n thereof_o be_v to_o he_o who_o ground_n be_v next_o adjoin_v and_o the_o
a_o sewer_n be_v common_a and_o of_o a_o gutter_n peculiar_a and_o by_o express_a word_n also_o a_o gutter_n be_v within_o these_o law_n &_o ceo_fw-la est_fw-la sic_fw-la mention_n '_o 39_o h._n 6._o 31._o ditch_n a_o ditch_n fossa_n be_v also_o describe_v in_o our_o book_n as_o in_o 12_o h._n 4._o 7._o where_o a_o action_n upon_o the_o case_n be_v bring_v against_o the_o mr._n of_o s._n mark_v in_o bristol_n for_o that_o he_o be_v bind_v by_o the_o tenure_n of_o his_o land_n to_o cleanse_v a_o ditch_n there_o he_o do_v neglect_v to_o do_v the_o same_o by_o mean_n whereof_o the_o water_n therein_o be_v stop_v and_o do_v thereby_o surround_v the_o plaintiff_n ground_n so_o that_o hereby_o it_o be_v apparent_a that_o a_o ditch_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o current_n of_o water_n in_o infimo_fw-la gradu_fw-la and_o mr._n cambden_n in_o sva_fw-la lincolniensi_fw-la historia_fw-la do_v there_o describe_v fosdyke_n to_o be_v fossa_n incibis_fw-la cambden_n cambden_n quam_fw-la henricus_fw-la prinus_n per_fw-la septem_fw-la miliaria_fw-la à _fw-la withania_n in_o trentum_n perduxit_fw-la ut_fw-la lincolniensibus_fw-la ad_fw-la subvehenda_fw-la necessaria_fw-la usui_fw-la esset_fw-la this_o ditch_n be_v at_o this_o day_n a_o current_n and_o passage_n for_o boat_n of_o small_a burden_n in_o winter_n but_o in_o summer_n none_o at_o all_o though_o of_o late_a great_a sum_n of_o money_n have_v be_v expend_v thereupon_o sed_fw-la tamen_fw-la ad_fw-la huc_fw-la nihil_fw-la inde_fw-la boni_fw-la venit_fw-la at_o the_o best_a it_o be_v the_o worst_a in_o all_o that_o country_n and_o be_v of_o so_o slow_a a_o current_n ut_fw-la non_fw-la videtur_fw-la currere_fw-la omnino_fw-la it_o serve_v in_o many_o place_n for_o a_o fence_n to_o divide_v lordship_n and_o be_v a_o great_a trough_n to_o swallow_v up_o water_n thereabouts_o which_o otherwise_o will_v lie_v upon_o the_o level_n and_o of_o it_o i_o say_v no_o more_o but_o spero_fw-la meliora_fw-la &_o expecto_fw-la other_o famous_a ditch_n there_o be_v as_o that_o in_o the_o north-east_n part_n of_o the_o city_n of_o york_n which_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n a_o stand_a water_n and_o there_o be_v a_o old_a forlorn_a dike_n on_o the_o fen_n side_n in_o the_o county_n of_o lincoln_n call_v caredike_n more_o ancient_a than_o profitable_a for_o it_o do_v as_o many_o other_o of_o those_o unusual_a ditch_n do_v run_v cross_a to_o the_o ordinary_a current_n of_o water_n in_o those_o part_n for_o where_o the_o sea_n for_o example_n stand_v east_n from_o the_o main_a land_n and_o so_o the_o ordinary_a current_n run_v all_o from_o west_n to_o east_n direct_o towards_o the_o sea_n this_o run_v north_n and_o south_n obvious_a and_o cross_a to_o the_o natural_a current_n of_o the_o water_n which_o be_v the_o true_a cause_n wherefore_o their_o current_n be_v so_o slow_a small_a or_o none_o at_o all_o there_o be_v another_o of_o they_o on_o newmarket_n heath_n quae_fw-la admiranda_fw-la fossa_n vocat_fw-la '_o the_o devil_n dike_n and_o in_o wiltshire_n there_o be_v a_o ditch_n famous_a call_v wansdike_n or_o mercurii_n fossa_n which_o serve_v for_o a_o division_n of_o country_n and_o so_o be_v fossa_n limitania_n and_o be_v either_o altogether_o dry_a dikes_n and_o contain_v common_o no_o more_o water_n then_o those_o that_o fall_v into_o they_o none_o of_o these_o ditch_n be_v within_o these_o law_n but_o such_o of_o they_o which_o have_v a_o kind_n of_o current_n and_o which_o in_o some_o sort_n partake_v with_o the_o river_n pool_n a_o pool_n be_v a_o mere_a stand_a water_n without_o any_o current_n at_o all_o and_o have_v seldom_o or_o never_o any_o issue_n to_o convey_v away_o the_o water_n but_o a_o ditch_n have_v no_o constant_a stand_n nor_o any_o apparent_a current_n a_o pool_n be_v proper_o the_o inheritance_n of_o some_o private_a but_o a_o fosse_n or_o ditch_n be_v in_o use_n common_a pool_n be_v not_o within_o this_o law_n for_o two_o cause_n the_o one_o because_o both_o in_o property_n and_o use_n they_o be_v private_a and_o peculiar_a the_o other_o be_v because_o these_o law_n seem_v to_o extend_v to_o ground_n casual_o and_o not_o continual_o drown_v &_o ad_fw-la eaquae_fw-la frequentius_fw-la accidunt_fw-la jura_n ad_fw-la aptantur_fw-la yet_o all_o pool_n be_v not_o exclude_v from_o the_o help_n of_o these_o law_n for_o such_o as_o adjoyn_v to_o great_a river_n and_o lie_v upon_o the_o side_n thereof_o without_o division_n they_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n part_n of_o the_o river_n and_o of_o their_o kind_n be_v the_o two_o famous_a pool_n call_v brayford_n and_o swanpool_n both_o near_a unto_o the_o city_n of_o lincoln_n pond_n a_o pond_n be_v a_o stand_a ditch_n cast_v by_o labour_n of_o man_n hand_n in_o his_o private_a ground_n for_o his_o private_a use_n to_o serve_v his_o house_n and_o household_n with_o necessary_a water_n but_o a_o pool_n be_v a_o low_a plat_n of_o ground_n by_o nature_n and_o be_v not_o cast_v by_o man_n hand_n i_o find_v a_o pond_n within_o my_o law_n i_o read_v on_o in_o expressis_fw-la terminis_fw-la not_o as_o a_o thing_n defend_v thereby_o but_o as_o a_o let_v and_o impediment_n and_o have_v i_o not_o find_v he_o therein_o name_v i_o shall_v not_o by_o any_o exposition_n have_v here_o bring_v it_o in_o among_o the_o water_n instrument_n for_o i_o much_o marvel_v what_o impediment_n a_o pond_n can_v be_v at_o all_o unless_o by_o cast_v of_o trench_n from_o the_o river_n to_o the_o same_o it_o shall_v be_v a_o mean_n to_o take_v thereinto_o some_o of_o the_o water_n of_o the_o river_n and_o may_v thereby_o hinder_v navigation_n but_o this_o be_v far_o fetch_v stream_n stream_n be_v not_o any_o of_o these_o for_o all_o these_o have_v their_o proper_a peculiar_a bank_n bound_n and_o channel_n and_o be_v put_v in_o among_o they_o but_o a_o stream_n be_v proper_o a_o current_n of_o water_n run_v over_o the_o level_n at_o random_n and_o be_v not_o keep_v in_o with_o bank_n or_o wall_n and_o so_o linwood_n say_v that_o flumen_n which_o be_v a_o stream_n nihil_fw-la aliud_fw-la est_fw-la quam_fw-la ipsa_fw-la aqua_fw-la conduit_n a_o conduit_n or_o aught_o thereto_o belong_v be_v not_o within_o these_o law_n in_o any_o sort_n whether_o it_o pertain_v to_o a_o private_a person_n or_o to_o a_o town_n or_o corporation_n spring_n spring_v i_o find_v within_o this_o statute_n but_o couple_v with_o such_o a_o word_n that_o they_o thereby_o seem_v to_o be_v exclude_v and_o exile_v quite_o from_o claim_v any_o privilege_n of_o defence_n by_o these_o law_n for_o the_o word_n outrageous_a be_v join_v therewith_o do_v signify_v the_o meaning_n of_o these_o law_n to_o take_v they_o to_o be_v hurtful_a and_o not_o helpful_a but_o all_o this_o come_v of_o the_o word_n outrageous_a which_o be_v but_o a_o quality_n annex_v upon_o accident_n may_v upon_o just_a occasion_n be_v take_v away_o and_o the_o word_n spring_v of_o itself_o be_v both_o in_o appellation_n and_o operation_n very_o beneficial_a for_o the_o commonwealth_n for_o i_o may_v just_o term_v they_o the_o vital_a spirit_n of_o many_o the_o great_a and_o royal_a river_n of_o this_o kingdom_n as_o of_o thames_n trent_n and_o such_o like_a and_o therefore_o i_o be_o willing_a to_o let_v such_o of_o they_o as_o be_v not_o outrageous_a and_o hurtful_a to_o take_v up_o a_o place_n of_o defence_n within_o these_o law_n for_o the_o trent_n at_o the_o head_n be_v derive_v from_o spring_n as_o many_o other_o river_n be_v and_o i_o give_v both_o the_o essence_n and_o assistance_n to_o they_o and_o so_o in_o my_o opinion_n they_o be_v worthy_a the_o protection_n of_o these_o law_n and_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o the_o water_n issue_v and_o gush_v from_o the_o outrageous_a spring_n may_v by_o the_o provident_a &_o discreet_a care_n of_o the_o commissioner_n be_v so_o order_v as_o the_o same_o may_v be_v apply_v &_o employ_v to_o necessary_a use_n so_o now_o i_o have_v run_v through_o like_o a_o swift_a stream_n the_o quality_n of_o these_o river_n gutter_n sewer_n and_o ditch_n and_o of_o all_o their_o dependency_n and_o wherein_o they_o be_v to_o have_v aid_n and_o assistance_n of_o these_o law_n of_o sewer_n be_v in_o truth_n the_o very_a material_n of_o these_o law_n yet_o for_o a_o little_a better_a explanation_n of_o their_o several_a nature_n and_o kind_n i_o shall_v therefore_o put_v these_o case_n first_o if_o the_o town_n of_o a._n want_v water_n by_o the_o dryness_n of_o the_o season_n for_o the_o use_n of_o their_o cattle_n or_o for_o other_o household_n affair_n as_o for_o brew_v wash_v and_o such_o like_a and_o in_o the_o town_n of_o b._n which_o do_v adjoyn_v thereto_o there_o be_v plenty_n of_o water_n more_o perhaps_o then_o be_v necessary_a for_o use_v there_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n have_v no_o power_n by_o any_o of_o these_o law_n for_o any_o of_o the_o say_a
in_o other_o case_n of_o like_a quality_n as_o in_o 22_o h._n 6._o foe_n 18._o where_o it_o be_v say_v 6._o 2d_o h._n 6._o that_o if_o lessee_n for_o year_n suffer_v a_o house_n to_o fall_v down_o and_o before_o a_o action_n of_o waste_n be_v bring_v against_o he_o he_o build_v another_o in_o the_o same_o place_n where_o the_o former_a stand_v of_o the_o same_o quality_n and_o quantity_n that_o shall_v excuse_v he_o in_o the_o action_n of_o waste_n but_o so_o will_v it_o not_o have_v do_v if_o he_o have_v build_v the_o same_o in_o all_o point_v answerable_a in_o another_o place_n for_o the_o one_o be_v renew_v the_o other_o a_o new_a one_o and_o in_o the_o 10_o h._n 7._o fol._n 18._o in_o the_o 18._o 10._o h._n 7._o fol._n 18._o abbot_n of_o thorntons_n case_n the_o word_n in_o a_o lease_n be_v that_o the_o lessee_n shall_v repair_v a_o chapel_n lease_v to_o he_o and_o the_o same_o de_fw-fr novo_fw-la construere_fw-la &_o constructam_fw-la curare_fw-la which_o word_n there_o bear_v the_o same_o sense_n in_o exposition_n and_o the_o statute_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la cap._n 16._o seem_v touch_v bank_n to_o sway_v 16._o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la cap._n 16._o the_o same_o way_n for_o there_o the_o statute_n be_v quod_fw-la nullae_fw-la repariae_fw-la defendantur_fw-la nisi_fw-la illae_fw-la quae_fw-la fuerunt_fw-la in_o defenso_fw-la tempore_fw-la henrici_fw-la regis_fw-la avi_fw-la nostri_fw-la &_o per_fw-la eosdem_fw-la locos_fw-la &_o eosdem_fw-la terminos_fw-la sicut_fw-la esse_fw-la consueverunt_fw-la tempore_fw-la svo_fw-la this_o make_v much_o against_o erect_v of_o new_a bank_n if_o it_o be_v in_o force_n for_o if_o no_o person_n shall_v be_v bind_v to_o repair_v such_o as_o be_v build_v since_o that_o time_n then_o be_v it_o vain_a to_o build_v new_a one_o sir_n edward_n cook_n in_o his_o case_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o ely_n be_v strong_o of_o the_o same_o opinion_n ely_n case_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o ely_n that_o no_o new_a river_n shall_v be_v make_v and_o cast_v by_o the_o power_n of_o this_o commission_n for_o the_o case_n there_o be_v that_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n in_o those_o part_n make_v a_o order_n and_o decree_n that_o a_o new_a river_n shall_v be_v cut_v out_o of_o the_o old_a river_n there_o call_v owse_n through_o the_o main_a land_n seven_o mile_n unto_o another_o part_n of_o the_o say_a river_n and_o the_o question_n there_o be_v whether_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n have_v any_o such_o power_n or_o not_o and_o he_o there_o deliver_v his_o opinion_n express_o that_o they_o have_v not_o and_o affirm_v it_o that_o it_o be_v dangerous_a and_o incovenient_a that_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n shall_v have_v any_o such_o power_n and_o authority_n for_o than_o they_o may_v thereby_o stop_v up_o the_o havens_n which_o be_v the_o port_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o for_o the_o justify_n of_o this_o opinion_n therein_o he_o allege_v fitzher_o na._n bre._n fol._n 225._o and_o the_o register_n fol._n 252._o fitz._n na._n 13._o fol._n 225._o regist_n 252._o 252._o that_o in_o case_n where_o a_o new_a river_n or_o stream_n be_v desire_v to_o be_v make_v the_o writ_n of_o ad_fw-la quod_fw-la damn_z '_o be_v to_o be_v award_v which_o shall_v first_o be_v direct_v to_o the_o escheator_n of_o that_o county_n to_o the_o end_n he_o must_v inquire_v and_o certify_v what_o damage_n it_o may_v be_v if_o such_o a_o cut_n shall_v be_v make_v or_o a_o new_a trench_n cast_v and_o so_o conclude_v direct_o against_o the_o make_n of_o new_a river_n and_o drain_v by_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n and_o true_o there_o be_v one_o thing_n more_o which_o make_v strong_a on_o that_o side_n which_o be_v that_o a_o new_a river_n drain_v or_o cut_v can_v be_v make_v but_o through_o some_o man_n private_a inheritance_n and_o to_o the_o prejudice_n thereof_o which_o be_v a_o matter_n very_o considerable_a so_o that_o all_o these_o thing_n lay_v together_o may_v very_o well_o move_v sir_n edward_n cook_n to_o be_v of_o the_o say_a opinion_n that_o no_o such_o new_a river_n or_o drain_v can_v be_v make_v by_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n by_o the_o power_n of_o these_o law_n argumentum_fw-la in_o contrarium_fw-la the_o reason_n and_o authority_n put_v on_o the_o other_o part_n be_v weighty_a and_o ponderous_a and_o require_v a_o very_a good_a answer_n which_o i_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o give_v thereto_o it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o word_n of_o this_o statute_n and_o commission_n bear_v much_o with_o the_o say_v former_a exposition_n so_o i_o hope_v to_o find_v word_n in_o this_o it_o the_o law_n itself_o in_o word_n extend_v to_o it_o statute_n also_o which_o will_v tend_v as_o much_o the_o other_o way_n and_o they_o be_v in_o the_o forepart_n thereof_o viz._n that_o daily_o consider_v the_o great_a damage_n and_o loss_n which_o have_v happen_v in_o many_o and_o divers_a part_n of_o this_o realm_n as_o well_o by_o the_o contagious_a flow_a surge_n and_o course_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o and_o upon_o marsh_n ground_n and_o other_o low_a place_n heretofore_o through_o politic_a wisdom_n win_v and_o make_v profitable_a for_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o this_o realm_n etc._n etc._n and_o these_o ground_n which_o have_v be_v so_o win_v can_v not_o be_v so_o keep_v and_o preserve_v but_o by_o bank_v and_o new_a fence_n in_o which_o prove_v direct_o that_o the_o say_v new_a bank_n and_o new_a fence_n may_v be_v make_v for_o the_o inning_n and_o keep_v of_o the_o say_v new_o win_v ground_n and_o also_o the_o statute_n exposition_n the_o expire_a law_n of_o h._n 6._o give_v aid_n to_o this_o exposition_n of_o 6_o hen._n 6._o cap._n 5._o give_v the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n power_n to_o repair_v the_o ancient_a bank_n and_o wall_n and_o fence_n &_o eadem_fw-la &_o alia_fw-la de_fw-la novo_fw-la construere_fw-la by_o which_o word_n the_o commissioner_n which_o have_v their_o power_n from_o that_o statute_n may_v make_v new_a defence_n as_o bank_n wall_n and_o such_o like_a and_o so_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o sir_n edward_n cook_n deliver_v upon_o the_o say_a statute_n of_o h._n 6._o in_o his_o case_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o ely_n which_o be_v observe_v and_o grant_v make_v strong_o for_o this_o part_n for_o that_o the_o statute_n of_o 23_o h._n 8._o do_v not_o only_o confirm_v all_o former_a statute_n of_o the_o sewer_n then_o in_o esse_fw-la but_o also_o give_v authority_n to_o the_o commissioner_n to_o do_v after_o the_o tenure_n and_o effect_n of_o all_o and_o singular_a the_o statute_n and_o ordinance_n before_o that_o time_n make_v and_o although_o the_o say_a statute_n of_o h._n 6._o be_v in_o time_n then_o expire_v yet_o the_o form_n and_o effect_n of_o it_o may_v be_v follow_v and_o observe_v and_o to_o that_o end_n i_o take_v this_o diversity_n between_o a_o law_n repeal_v and_o a_o law_n expire_v for_o a_o repeal_v law_n be_v make_v void_a and_o frustrate_v as_o either_o unworthy_a or_o unnecessary_a for_o some_o respect_n to_o be_v any_o long_o continue_v or_o put_v in_o execution_n and_o therefore_o be_v forbid_v to_o be_v use_v or_o practise_v but_o a_o law_n expire_v in_o time_n though_o it_o have_v lose_v his_o vigour_n and_o force_n yet_o it_o be_v like_o a_o virtuous_a man_n decease_v his_o life_n and_o action_n may_v be_v worthy_a imitation_n though_o the_o date_n of_o day_n be_v at_o a_o end_n but_o a_o law_n repeal_v be_v like_o a_o man_n condemn_v for_o some_o offence_n who_o life_n and_o action_n be_v neither_o of_o they_o worthy_a imitation_n unless_o it_o be_v to_o do_v the_o contrary_a and_o the_o say_a statute_n of_o h._n 6._o be_v a_o worthy_a law_n which_o this_o statute_n intend_v not_o to_o come_v short_a on_o but_o to_o extend_v further_o than_o the_o limit_n of_o that_o law_n do_v reach_v unto_o also_o the_o say_a statute_n of_o h._n 6._o be_v use_v by_o sir_n edward_n cook_n in_o the_o plead_n of_o rook_n case_n in_o his_o 15._o rep._n where_o he_o can_v case_n rook_n case_n make_v there_o no_o other_o use_n of_o it_o see_v it_o be_v in_o time_n expire_v then_o only_o by_o way_n of_o imitation_n also_o we_o must_v conceive_v that_o these_o law_n of_o sewer_n be_v of_o great_a and_o urgent_a necessity_n and_o use_n for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o whole_a exposition_n the_o equity_n of_o this_o law_n will_v help_v this_o exposition_n commonwealth_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o therefore_o the_o intent_n thereof_o may_v be_v extend_v in_o exposition_n beyond_o the_o letter_n of_o the_o word_n for_o the_o word_n be_v and_o the_o same_o to_o make_v new_a which_o according_a to_o the_o bare_a word_n in_o a_o literal_a construction_n can_v extend_v to_o new_a one_o where_o none_o be_v before_o but_o to_o the_o re-edify_n of_o the_o decay_a old_a one_o but_o the_o learned_a expositor_n who_o
discretion_n omit_v many_o other_o because_o i_o have_v rather_o trust_v to_o the_o worst_a certain_a law_n then_o to_o give_v too_o much_o way_n to_o the_o uncertain_a discretion_n of_o the_o commissioner_n according_a to_o the_o old_a say_n quoad_fw-la fieri_fw-la possit_fw-la quà m_fw-la plurima_fw-la legibus_fw-la ipsis_fw-la definiantur_fw-la ret._n aristotle_n ret._n quam_fw-la paucissima_fw-la vero_fw-la judicis_fw-la arbitrio_fw-la relinquantur_fw-la and_o herein_o i_o suppose_v i_o have_v make_v good_a my_o word_n in_o this_o that_o i_o have_v prove_v by_o my_o argument_n that_o the_o say_v new_a bank_n and_o new_a river_n may_v well_o be_v decree_v by_o the_o view_n and_o survey_v of_o the_o commissioner_n and_o by_o their_o good_a discretion_n and_o so_o may_v the_o say_v old_a sewer_n be_v repair_v and_o therefore_o these_o be_v end_v i_o will_v now_o proceed_v to_o the_o handle_n of_o the_o rest_n remain_v my_o former_a labour_n have_v be_v to_o expound_v and_o declare_v what_o defence_n as_o well_o against_o the_o overflow_a of_o the_o sea_n as_o against_o the_o inundation_n of_o fresh_a water_n be_v and_o be_v to_o be_v maintain_v and_o also_o new_o erect_v by_o the_o tenor_n and_o power_n of_o these_o law_n so_o that_o now_o it_o come_v very_o apt_o to_o be_v handle_v for_o what_o cause_n consideration_n and_o matter_n one_o shall_v or_o may_v be_v tie_v to_o the_o repair_n and_o keep_v thereof_o which_o i_o take_v to_o be_v these_o nine_o several_a way_n 1._o by_o frontage_n 2._o by_o ownership_n 3._o by_o prescription_n 4._o by_o custom_n 5._o by_o tenure_n 6._o by_o covenant_n 7._o per_fw-la usum_fw-la rei_fw-la 8._o a_o township_n 9_o by_o these_o law_n of_o sewer_n i_o suppose_v i_o shall_v produce_v sufficient_a warrant_n and_o authority_n for_o to_o maintain_v all_o these_o distinction_n wherein_o i_o be_o desirous_a that_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n for_o who_o learning_n and_o instruction_n i_o have_v take_v these_o pain_n will_v apply_v themselves_o to_o do_v their_o duty_n and_o service_n herein_o careful_o and_o advise_o and_o like_a to_o skilful_a physician_n will_v apply_v fit_v medicine_n to_o the_o cure_n of_o every_o disease_n else_o shall_v they_o oftentimes_o opprimere_fw-la insontes_fw-la &_o dimittere_fw-la reos_fw-la but_o if_o they_o will_v serious_o cast_v their_o eye_n upon_o these_o ensue_a case_n they_o will_v be_v very_o helpful_a to_o they_o in_o their_o proceed_n frontage_n frontage_n be_v where_o the_o ground_n of_o any_o man_n do_v join_v with_o the_o brow_n or_o front_n thereof_o to_o the_o sea_n or_o to_o great_a or_o royal_a stream_n and_o in_o case_n of_o the_o sea_n or_o royal_a river_n the_o property_n of_o the_o bank_n and_o ground_n adjoin_v be_v and_o belong_v to_o the_o subject_n who_o land_n do_v but_o and_o bind_v thereon_o but_o the_o soil_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o royal_a river_n do_v appertain_v to_o the_o king_n as_o former_o in_o my_o tractate_n of_o river_n may_v appear_v but_o in_o case_n of_o petty_a and_o mean_a river_n and_o stream_n the_o soil_n of_o they_o as_o well_o as_o the_o bank_n thereof_o do_v appertain_v to_o they_o who_o ground_n adjoyn_v thereto_o so_o that_o frontage_n and_o ownership_n in_o base_a inferior_a river_n do_v not_o differ_v but_o in_o great_a stream_n and_o the_o sea_n they_o do_v vary_v as_o aforesaid_a and_o in_o 37_o lib._n assiz_n plac_fw-la 10._o it_o seem_v that_o the_o frontager_n be_v bind_v to_o 10._o 37_o assiz_n pl._n 10._o the_o repair_v and_o in_o 8_o h._n 7._o he_o who_o ground_n be_v next_o adjoin_v to_o a_o highway_n be_v bind_v to_o repair_v the_o same_o and_o by_o 7._o 8_o h._n 7._o these_o case_n there_o be_v no_o difference_n touch_v repair_v of_o the_o high_a stream_n and_o the_o highway_n in_o my_o opinion_n ownership_n the_o ownership_n of_o a_o bank_n wall_n or_o other_o defence_n be_v a_o sufficient_a warrrant_v to_o impose_v the_o charge_n of_o the_o repair_v thereof_o upon_o he_o without_o be_v tie_v thereto_o by_o prescription_n as_o appear_v in_o 8_o h._n 7._o fol._n 5._o and_o it_o stand_v with_o 7._o 8_o h._n 7._o reason_n that_o every_o man_n shall_v be_v bind_v to_o repair_v his_o own_o and_o the_o consideration_n be_v also_o move_v for_o that_o his_o ground_n which_o lie_v near_a the_o water_n be_v soon_o subject_a to_o drown_v and_o if_o any_o increase_n be_v upon_o the_o small_a river_n it_o fall_v to_o his_o share_n prescription_n and_o custom_n prescription_n and_o custom_n be_v much_o of_o one_o quality_n for_o in_o both_o of_o they_o the_o efficient_a matter_n be_v use_n to_o repair_v and_o the_o law_n have_v take_v notice_n of_o they_o in_o many_o of_o our_o book_n prescription_n do_v not_o bind_v or_o tie_v one_o to_o the_o repair_n of_o any_o thing_n unless_o it_o be_v ratione_fw-la terrae_fw-la and_o in_o this_o it_o do_v differ_v from_o custom_n for_o if_o it_o be_v present_v that_o a._n b._n and_o his_o ancestor_n have_v time_n out_o of_o memory_n use_v to_o repair_v such_o a_o bank_n wall_n or_o other_o defence_n this_o presentment_n be_v void_a and_o do_v not_o bind_v the_o party_n pro_fw-la ut_fw-la constat_fw-la in_o 21_o e._n 4._o 38._o 3._o 21_o ed._n 4._o 7_o h._n 4._o 19_o h._n 7._o 45_o e._n 3._o 7_o h._n 4._o 31._o 19_o h._n 7._o kelwey_n fol._n 52._o and_o 45_o e._n 3._o but_o body_n politic_a or_o coprorate_a may_v be_v by_o custom_n bind_v to_o repair_n without_o make_v mention_n in_o the_o presentment_n or_o indictment_n that_o they_o be_v to_o do_v the_o same_o ratione_fw-la talis_fw-la messuagii_fw-la terrae_fw-la aut_fw-la tenementi_fw-la and_o to_o that_o purpose_n be_v the_o book_n of_o 21_o e._n 4._o 38_o and_o 44_o ed._n 3._o fitzherb_n title_n bar._n plac_n 103._o for_o 3._o 21._o e._n 4._o 44_o e._n 3._o there_o a_o prior_n be_v present_v that_o he_o and_o his_o predecessor_n have_v use_v time_n out_o of_o memory_n to_o repair_v such_o a_o bridge_n which_o be_v in_o decay_n and_o this_o presentment_n though_o it_o charge_v no_o land_n be_v good_a and_o in_o 19_o hen._n 7._o aforesaid_a it_o be_v 7._o 19_o h._n 7._o say_v that_o one_o may_v be_v bind_v to_o repair_v a_o bank_n or_o wall_n ratione_fw-la resiantiae_fw-la but_o this_o can_v not_o be_v otherwise_o take_v but_o that_o he_o be_v charge_v to_o do_v the_o same_o for_o the_o house_n he_o dwell_v in_o for_o resiantia_fw-la import_v so_o much_o also_o if_o a_o man_n and_o his_o ancestor_n have_v voluntary_o make_v a_o defence_n for_o a_o long_a season_n this_o will_v not_o bind_v his_o heir_n thereto_o though_o he_o have_v asset_n descend_v to_o he_o in_o fee-simple_n for_o descend_v charge_n will_v not_o bind_v the_o heir_n unless_o he_o descend_v have_v asset_n as_o a_o equal_a consideration_n to_o bind_v he_o thereto_o neither_o will_v descend_a asset_n of_o land_n bind_v a_o heir_n in_o this_o case_n unless_o the_o land_n itself_o be_v real_o tie_v and_o charge_v tenure_n a_o man_n by_o the_o tenure_n of_o his_o land_n may_v be_v bind_v to_o repair_v a_o wall_n bank_n or_o other_o defence_n mention_v in_o this_o 7._o 11_o h._n 7._o law_n and_o in_o proof_n thereof_o the_o book_n case_n of_o 11_o h._n 7._o fol._n 12._o be_v full_a in_o the_o point_n where_o it_o be_v say_v that_o if_o before_o the_o statute_n of_o westminster_n the_o three_o a_o man_n have_v make_v a_o feoffment_n in_o fee_n or_o if_o since_o that_o statute_n one_o have_v make_v a_o gift_n in_o tail_n to_o hold_v the_o same_o by_o repair_v a_o bridge_n the_o say_a feoffee_n and_o donee_n and_o his_o heir_n shall_v have_v be_v bind_v by_o the_o say_a tenure_n to_o repair_v the_o say_a 7._o 12_o h._n 7._o bridge_n and_o with_o this_o agree_v the_o book_n of_o 12_o h._n 7._o 18._o and_o 8._o 24_o h._n 8._o 24_o h._n br._n case_n fel._n 9_o and_o in_o porter_n case_n in_o sir_n edward_n cook_n case_n porter_n case_n first_o report_n it_o be_v say_v that_o if_o land_n be_v give_v to_o repair_v way_n bridge_n calceys_n or_o such_o like_a this_o do_v bind_v the_o owner_n of_o those_o land_n to_o do_v those_o repair_v in_o perpetuity_n and_o in_o the_o case_n of_o 12_o h._n 4._o fol._n 7._o the_o prior_n of_o st._n mark_v in_o bristol_n be_v oblige_v and_o bind_v by_o the_o tenor_n of_o his_o land_n to_o repair_v a_o common_a sewer_n and_o this_o enough_o to_o satisfy_v this_o point_n covenant_n so_o likewise_o a_o man_n may_v be_v bind_v by_o his_o covenant_n to_o repair_v a_o wall_n bank_n sewer_n or_o other_o such_o like_a matter_n and_o he_o may_v bind_v himself_o and_o his_o heir_n to_o do_v the_o same_o but_o yet_o this_o covenant_n will_v not_o bind_v his_o heir_n after_o his_o death_n unless_o there_o be_v leave_v asset_n in_o fee_n simple_a to_o descend_v to_o the_o say_a
heir_n from_o the_o say_a ancestor_n which_o make_v the_o covenant_n 33._o 28_o &_o 29_o h._n 8._o dier_n fol._n 33._o wherein_o i_o take_v this_o difference_n between_o a_o covenant_n to_o bind_v a_o heir_n and_o a_o prescription_n for_o by_o covenant_n the_o heir_n shall_v be_v bind_v to_o the_o repair_v if_o he_o have_v asset_n descend_v to_o he_o from_o that_o ancestor_n but_o the_o heir_n shall_v not_o be_v bind_v by_o prescription_n to_o repair_v though_o he_o have_v asset_n descend_v from_o his_o ancestor_n who_o repair_v the_o say_v defence_n but_o if_o land_n be_v charge_v therewithal_o by_o tenure_n or_o otherwise_o as_o a_o charge_n impose_v upon_o land_n by_o prescription_n than_o the_o say_a land_n be_v therewithal_o chargeable_a in_o cujuscunque_fw-la manus_fw-la devenerint_fw-la quod_fw-la nota_fw-la it_o appear_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o 43_o el._n cap._n 4._o that_o if_o land_n rent_n annuity_n good_n or_o chattel_n be_v give_v towards_o 4._o 43_o el._n 4._o the_o repair_n of_o bridge_n port_n havens_n calceys_n or_o sea_n bank_n that_o the_o same_o shall_v be_v so_o employ_v by_o that_o statute_n so_o that_o good_n chattel_n and_o annuity_n be_v chargeable_a to_o these_o repair_v by_o the_o force_n of_o that_o statute_n as_o well_o as_o land_n house_n and_o ground_n in_o case_n any_o such_o thing_n shall_v happen_v to_o come_v before_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n but_o note_v beside_o all_o the_o former_a matter_n that_o a_o heir_n shall_v not_o be_v bind_v by_o the_o covenant_n of_o his_o ancestor_n though_o he_o have_v asset_n descend_v unless_o he_o be_v bind_v express_o by_o the_o word_n heir_n in_o the_o covenant_n usus_fw-la rei_fw-la i_o now_o intend_v to_o declare_v where_o use_n shall_v tie_v one_o to_o the_o repair_v of_o the_o defence_n mention_v in_o this_o law_n i_o do_v not_o hereby_o mean_v that_o use_n which_o i_o have_v former_o mention_v in_o prescription_n and_o custom_n which_o be_v use_v to_o repair_v but_o the_o use_n i_o intend_v in_o this_o place_n be_v the_o use_n which_o one_o be_v to_o have_v of_o the_o defence_n or_o thing_n which_o be_v to_o be_v repair_v as_o where_o one_o and_o his_o ancestor_n have_v use_v to_o have_v the_o use_n of_o the_o river_n or_o water_n by_o sail_v up_o and_o down_o the_o same_o or_o have_v use_v to_o have_v a_o ferry_n on_o or_o over_o they_o or_o a_o staith_o to_o go_v up_o and_o down_o or_o a_o crane_n to_o draw_v up_o water_n or_o some_o other_o engine_n to_o draw_v up_o the_o water_n for_o the_o use_n of_o their_o house_n these_o use_n which_o man_n have_v of_o these_o thing_n may_v be_v cause_n and_o consideration_n sufficient_a to_o tie_v they_o to_o the_o repair_v of_o the_o wall_n bank_n and_o river_n assiz_n 37_o lib._n assiz_n and_o for_o warrant_v in_o this_o learning_n be_v the_o book_n of_o 37_o lib._n assiz_n plac_fw-la 10._o for_o there_o be_v some_o person_n which_o be_v bind_v to_o repair_v the_o river_n because_o they_o have_v passage_n on_o it_o with_o their_o boat_n and_o other_o be_v charge_v because_o they_o have_v free_a fish_n in_o the_o river_n and_o in_o my_o opinion_n it_o stand_v with_o good_a reason_n and_o agreeable_a to_o law_n that_o those_o person_n before_o other_o shall_v be_v bind_v and_o tie_v to_o the_o repair_v of_o such_o thing_n whereof_o they_o have_v peculiar_a and_o several_a profit_n and_o use_n of_o more_o than_o other_o have_v and_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o this_o very_a statute_n aim_v full_a at_o this_o point_n when_o it_o direct_v that_o such_o person_n shall_v be_v rate_v tax_v and_o sess_v towards_o the_o repair_n which_o have_v profit_n of_o fish_v and_o other_o commodity_n in_o the_o river_n but_o least_o some_o may_v mistake_v my_o meaning_n and_o learn_v also_o in_o the_o say_v former_a case_n i_o will_v therefore_o make_v the_o same_o plain_a by_o distinction_n which_o be_v this_o that_o frontage_n ownership_n and_o this_o use_n i_o last_o speak_v of_o do_v not_o bind_v any_o to_o the_o repair_n and_o maintain_v of_o wall_n bank_n bridges_n sewer_n or_o other_o defence_n when_o and_o where_o any_o other_o man_n or_o corporation_n be_v bind_v to_o do_v the_o same_o by_o prescription_n custom_n tenure_n or_o covenant_n for_o the_o say_v three_o part_n frontage_n ownership_n and_o usus_fw-la rei_fw-la be_v but_o implicit_a tie_n only_o in_o construction_n of_o law_n and_o serve_v the_o turn_n only_o when_o no_o other_o person_n or_o person_n be_v bind_v express_o thereunto_o and_o this_o distinction_n may_v be_v maintain_v by_o the_o book_n of_o 8_o h._n 7._o 7._o 8._o h._n 7._o fol._n 5._o and_o other_o book_n where_o it_o be_v say_v that_o he_o who_o ground_n be_v next_o adjoin_v be_v bind_v to_o repair_v unless_o some_o other_o be_v bind_v to_o do_v the_o same_o by_o tenure_n or_o prescription_n whereby_o it_o follow_v that_o if_o one_o be_v bind_v to_o do_v the_o same_o by_o special_a tenure_n or_o prescription_n it_o free_v the_o frontager_n note_v also_o another_o difference_n that_o in_o case_n where_o a_o frontager_n and_o one_o who_o have_v liberum_fw-la passagium_fw-la on_o the_o river_n and_o a_o man_n which_o have_v a_o free_a pischary_n there_o be_v not_o any_o one_o of_o they_o bind_v to_o make_v the_o repair_v alone_o but_o all_o alike_o together_o and_o so_o be_v the_o book_n of_o 37_o assiz_n plac_fw-la 10._o and_o i_o suppose_v the_o book_n of_o 38_o assiz_n plac_fw-la 15._o maintain_v this_o point_n with_o i_o for_o there_o the_o law_n be_v declare_v to_o be_v that_o he_o which_o assiz_n 37_o 38_o assiz_n be_v bind_v by_o prescription_n to_o repair_v be_v bind_v peremptory_o alone_a to_o do_v the_o work_n and_o not_o any_o other_o and_o if_o no_o such_o person_n can_v be_v find_v than_o the_o party_n who_o ground_n do_v adjoyn_v and_o those_o which_o have_v free_a fish_n in_o the_o river_n and_o free_a passage_n thereon_o be_v all_o of_o they_o to_o do_v and_o perform_v the_o same_o joint_o and_o no_o one_o of_o they_o be_v a_o discharge_n for_o the_o other_o because_o they_o shall_v be_v in_o consimili_fw-la casu_fw-la so_o by_o this_o which_o have_v be_v say_v touch_v these_o matter_n the_o commissioner_n may_v see_v and_o behold_v how_o careful_o and_o understand_o the_o law_n of_o this_o realm_n have_v endeavour_v to_o do_v equal_a justice_n and_o my_o desire_n be_v that_o they_o will_v as_o careful_o put_v they_o in_o execution_n a_o township_n assess_v it_o have_v be_v hold_v for_o a_o great_a question_n whether_o a_o township_n or_o hundred_o in_o general_n may_v be_v assess_v and_o tax_v to_o the_o sewer_n without_o impose_v the_o same_o on_o particular_a person_n and_o sir_n edward_n cook_n in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o ely_n be_v of_o opinion_n direct_o that_o a_o tax_n rate_v or_o a_o sesse_n ely_n case_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o ely_n can_v not_o nay_o might_n not_o be_v set_v or_o impose_v upon_o a_o town_n or_o upon_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o a_o town_n for_o say_v he_o the_o taxation_n sessment_n or_o charge_n ought_v to_o have_v these_o quality_n it_o ought_v to_o be_v according_a to_o the_o quantity_n of_o their_o land_n by_o number_n of_o acre_n and_o perche_n or_o by_o the_o tenor_n of_o profit_n of_o fish_v and_o common_a of_o pasture_n which_o if_o it_o shall_v be_v lay_v upon_o a_o town_n it_o will_v hold_v none_o of_o those_o proportion_n and_o his_o opinion_n be_v not_o alone_o in_o this_o very_a point_n for_o in_o the_o ancient_a charter_n of_o rumney_n marsh_n case_n rumney_n marsh_n case_n pag._n 50._o it_o be_v say_v quod_fw-la unusquisque_fw-la proportione_fw-la ac_fw-la periculo_fw-la incumbentium_fw-la aequae_fw-la contribuat_fw-la and_o page_n 12_o and_o 39_o of_o the_o same_o charter_n the_o taxation_n be_v express_v to_o be_v acre_n perch_n and_o carucate_n and_o our_o statute_n in_o express_a wordsis_n and_o all_o those_o person_n and_o every_o of_o they_o to_o tax_v and_o assess_v charge_n distrain_v and_o punish_v as_o well_o within_o the_o limit_n leet_n and_o bound_n of_o old_a time_n accustom_v or_o otherwise_o or_o elsewhere_o within_o this_o realm_n of_o england_n after_o the_o quantity_n of_o their_o land_n tenement_n and_o rent_n and_o by_o the_o number_n of_o acre_n and_o perch_n and_o after_o the_o rate_n of_o every_o person_n portion_n tenure_n or_o profit_n or_o after_o the_o quantity_n of_o their_o common_a of_o pasture_n or_o fish_v by_o such_o way_n and_o mean_n as_o you_o the_o lord_n fitz_n william_n sir_n francis_n vane_n and_o sir_n thomas_n mounson_n knight_n and_o baronet_n sir_n edward_n dimock_n sir_n william_n armin_n sir_n thomas_n grantham_n sir_n george_n ftiz_n william_n knight_n richard_z totheby_o and_o edward_n king_n esquire_n whereof_o three_o to_o be_v of_o the_o quorum_fw-la shall_v
that_o part_n of_o the_o statute_n which_o give_v sale_n of_o land_n yet_o he_o be_v within_o the_o other_o part_n thereof_o for_o divers_a reason_n one_o i_o find_v by_o experience_n and_o in_o divers_a precedent_n that_o many_o copyhold_n have_v be_v and_o be_v charge_v with_o repair_n of_o bridge_n and_o other_o defence_n in_o divers_a part_n of_o this_o realm_n by_o custom_n also_o if_o a_o lord_n grant_v a_o copyhold_n to_o i.s._n and_o his_o heir_n by_o copy_n tenendum_fw-la by_o the_o repair_v of_o such_o a_o wall_n bank_n or_o bridge_n this_o bind_v this_o copyhold_n thereto_o in_o point_n of_o charge_n and_o last_o this_o statute_n bind_v such_o to_o the_o repair_v which_o may_v have_v good_a by_o the_o do_n or_o hurt_v by_o the_o neglect_n and_o it_o be_v apparent_a that_o by_o over_o flow_v or_o inundation_n a_o copy-holders_n land_n sustain_v equal_a damage_n with_o other_o land_n and_o for_o these_o reason_n i_o resolve_v that_o a_o copyhold_n be_v within_o these_o law_n and_o short_o touch_v copyhold_n i_o do_v confine_v they_o to_o these_o four_o head_n my_o four_o tenant_n concern_v copyhold_n first_o a_o copyhold_n be_v sessable_a towards_o these_o repair_n for_o his_o copyhold_n second_o that_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o copyhold_n be_v not_o to_o be_v tax_v for_o the_o soil_n of_o the_o copyhold_n for_o although_o he_o may_v come_v to_o it_o by_o forfeiture_n commit_v yet_o that_o be_v a_o foreign_a possibility_n and_o although_o he_o be_v seize_v in_o law_n of_o the_o freehold_a yet_o because_o the_o issue_n and_o profit_n go_v with_o the_o copyholder_n this_o law_n therefore_o will_v not_o charge_v he_o for_o the_o soil_n three_o in_o respect_n the_o copyhold_n rend_v be_v a_o rent_n of_o assize_n and_o rent_n be_v within_o the_o express_a letter_n of_o this_o statute_n and_o because_o his_o rent_n by_o the_o overflow_a of_o the_o sea_n be_v lose_v therefore_o the_o lord_n shall_v be_v assess_v for_o it_o if_o it_o be_v of_o value_n four_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o a_o copyhold_n may_v not_o be_v sell_v by_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n and_o yet_o copy-holders_n be_n within_o other_o part_n of_o this_o law_n now_o because_o it_o be_v a_o high_a point_n in_o this_o statute_n in_o what_o manner_n to_o rate_n tax_v and_o assess_v by_o the_o judicious_a power_n of_o these_o law_n and_o in_o regard_v my_o case_n touch_v all_o manner_n of_o sess_v and_o rate_n which_o be_v or_o may_v be_v impose_v by_o these_o law_n i_o will_v therefore_o spread_v it_o abroad_o and_o i_o do_v intend_v to_o treat_v of_o what_o land_n and_o other_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v assess_v towards_o the_o repair_n in_o my_o case_n and_o what_o person_n to_o be_v assess_v and_o in_o what_o degree_n wherein_o first_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o one_o be_v not_o to_o be_v assess_v for_o his_o high_a and_o descend_a ground_n for_o so_o it_o appear_v register_n register_n be_v the_o opinion_n of_o brudnel_n in_o the_o 12_o h._n 8._o fol._n 3._o where_o he_o say_v that_o if_o a_o man_n ground_n be_v surround_v with_o water_n he_o may_v make_v a_o trench_n in_o his_o own_o ground_n to_o let_v the_o water_n run_v downward_o and_o to_o descend_v upon_o his_o neighbour_n ground_n for_o water_n be_v a_o element_n descendable_a jure_fw-la naturae_fw-la and_o also_o high_a descend_v ground_n can_v have_v no_o such_o use_n of_o wall_n and_o bank_n as_o other_o ground_n situate_a lower_v may_v have_v for_o the_o water_n can_v have_v no_o force_n against_o they_o and_o therefore_o the_o owner_n be_v not_o chargeable_a therefore_o and_o the_o word_n of_o the_o commission_n express_v in_o the_o register_n be_v qui_fw-la defentionem_fw-la commodum_fw-la &_o salvationem_fw-la per_fw-la predict_v as_o wallias_n guttur_fw-la as_o pontes_fw-la calceta_n &_o gurgite_n habere_fw-la poterint_fw-la nullatènus_fw-la parcantur_fw-la and_o the_o charter_n of_o rumney_n marsh_n seem_v to_o bear_v the_o same_o sense_n viz._n quod_fw-la pro_fw-la securitate_fw-la dicti_fw-la marisci_fw-la districtiones_fw-la fiant_fw-la ita_fw-la quod_fw-la aequè_fw-la fiant_fw-la secundum_fw-la portiones_fw-la majores_fw-la &_o minores_fw-la quas_fw-la homines_fw-la habent_fw-la in_o eodem_fw-la marisco_fw-la but_o high_a ground_n by_o nature_n need_v not_o engine_n of_o art_n to_o defend_v they_o and_o in_o rook_n case_n in_o sir_n case_n rook_n case_n edward_n cook_n 5._o report_n and_o keighleys_n case_n it_o be_v true_o declare_v that_o the_o ground_n lie_v on_o the_o level_n which_o be_v in_o apparent_a danger_n subject_n to_o surrounder_n be_v only_o chargeable_a to_o repair_v by_o this_o law_n but_o yet_o ground_n lie_v on_o high_a mountainous_a place_n may_v be_v by_o custom_n prescription_n or_o tenure_n liable_a and_o stand_v chargeable_a to_o repair_v of_o wall_n bank_n sewer_n goat_n and_o other_o defence_n and_o in_o such_o case_n though_o they_o be_v never_o so_o high_a yet_o these_o law_n will_v reach_v unto_o they_o but_o no_o charge_n be_v to_o be_v impose_v on_o they_o by_o this_o statute_n and_o by_o force_n thereof_o only_o without_o a_o special_a custom_n or_o prescription_n to_o warrant_v the_o same_o annuity_n if_o a_o dean_n and_o chapter_n or_o other_o corporate_a person_n or_o body_n politic_n be_v by_o prescription_n to_o pay_v a_o yearly_a annuity_n to_o i._o s._n and_o his_o heir_n i._n s._n be_v not_o sessable_a for_o his_o annuity_n yet_o the_o say_v corporate_a or_o politic_a person_n pay_v the_o same_o in_o respect_n of_o their_o land_n which_o lie_v in_o danger_n of_o surround_v and_o so_o the_o ground_n be_v subject_a to_o these_o law_n but_o it_o issue_v not_o thereout_o and_o the_o say_v corporate_a and_o politic_a person_n be_v not_o charge_v in_o their_o land_n but_o in_o respect_n of_o their_o land_n to_o pay_v the_o same_o commons_o those_o person_n which_o have_v common_a of_o pischary_n turbary_n or_o of_o pasture_n in_o great_a fen_n marsh_n and_o waste_v may_v be_v charge_v but_o commoner_n in_o agris_fw-la seminatis_fw-la after_o the_o corn_n sever_v as_o stock_n commons_o which_o be_v of_o a_o small_a value_n be_v not_o to_o be_v charge_v for_o their_o commons_o but_o for_o their_o land_n ferry_n he_o which_o have_v a_o ferry_n over_o a_o river_n be_v in_o 37_o lib._n assiz_n pl._n 10._o charge_v to_o repair_v the_o river_n and_o so_o for_o a_o ferry_n one_o may_v be_v charge_v by_o this_o law_n herbage_n he_o which_o have_v the_o vesture_n or_o herbage_n of_o ground_n as_o prima_fw-la tonsura_fw-la vel_fw-la vestura_fw-la terrae_fw-la may_v be_v charge_v to_o the_o repair_v free_a passage_n it_o appear_v likewise_o that_o those_o person_n which_o have_v passage_n for_o their_o boat_n on_o the_o river_n be_v to_o be_v rate_v towards_o the_o repair_n in_o 37_o lib._n assiz_n pl._n 10._o but_o this_o be_v to_o be_v intend_v of_o those_o person_n which_o have_v free_a and_o customary_a passage_n thereon_o as_o a_o liberty_n and_o inheritance_n and_o be_v not_o mean_v nor_o intend_v of_o poor_a boatman_n which_o come_v thereon_o with_o their_o boat_n accidental_o by_o the_o general_a custom_n of_o the_o realm_n park_n warrens_n chase_n a_o man_n for_o his_o park_n of_o dear_a and_o warren_n of_o coney_n shall_v be_v charge_v if_o these_o liberty_n lie_v within_o the_o level_n but_o for_o chase_n i_o suppose_v one_o be_v not_o chargeable_a only_o for_o dear_a which_o be_v ferae_fw-la naturae_fw-la not_z bind_v to_o certain_a precinct_n but_o in_o that_o case_n the_o owner_n be_v only_o to_o be_v tax_v for_o the_o soil_n mart_n fair_a or_o market_n also_o if_o one_o have_v only_o the_o liberty_n of_o a_o mart_n fair_a or_o market_n to_o be_v keep_v in_o a_o place_n which_o be_v subject_a to_o surrounder_v in_o my_o opinion_n because_o they_o be_v but_o casual_a in_o their_o profit_n and_o not_o continual_a in_o their_o be_v although_o they_o be_v conscribe_v to_o place_n and_o circuit_n yet_o be_v no_o part_n of_o the_o soil_n nor_o of_o the_o issue_n and_o profit_n thereof_o they_o be_v not_o taxable_a within_o these_o law_n office_n the_o office_n of_o the_o clerk_n of_o the_o market_n town_n clerk_n or_o such_o like_a although_o these_o officer_n be_v confine_v to_o a_o certain_a place_n and_o precinct_n within_o the_o level_n which_o be_v subject_a to_o surrounder_v be_v notwithstanding_o exempt_a from_o these_o taxation_n proxy_n synod_n he_o which_o have_v proxy_n or_o synod_n of_o annual_a sum_n of_o money_n such_o as_o be_v in_o the_o case_n of_o proxy_n in_o the_o irish_a report_n be_v not_o sessable_a within_o this_o law_n for_o although_o the_o person_n be_v charge_v therefore_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o ground_n yet_o the_o same_o do_v not_o issue_n thereout_o the_o morgager_n for_o the_o title_n he_o have_v by_o the_o condition_n to_o reduce_v the_o land_n back_o again_o to_o he_o or_o he_o which_o have_v
petty_a matter_n the_o lessee_n for_o year_n shall_v be_v at_o the_o sole_a charge_n for_o these_o may_v be_v spend_v in_o his_o own_o time_n so_o i_o suppose_v my_o meaning_n be_v herein_o well_o perceive_v which_o be_v that_o in_o petty_a annual_a and_o ordinary_a repair_n the_o lessee_n alone_o shall_v do_v the_o same_o but_o where_o the_o same_o want_n in_o great_a timber_n or_o when_o a_o new_a defence_n be_v to_o be_v build_v they_o shall_v both_o be_v at_o the_o charge_n and_o with_o this_o the_o statute_n of_o 7_o jac._n cap._n 20._o do_v direct_o in_o reason_n agree_v withal_o out_o of_o 20._o 7_o jac._n cap._n 20._o which_o statute_n it_o be_v plain_o to_o be_v observe_v that_o in_o the_o great_a repair_n as_o also_o in_o the_o new_a building_n as_o well_o the_o lessor_n as_o the_o lessee_n shall_v be_v both_o at_o the_o charge_n yet_o in_o the_o statute_n of_o 3_o ed._n 6._o cap._n 8._o there_o be_v a_o clause_n in_o effect_n that_o all_o lot_n scot_n and_o sum_n of_o money_n hereafter_o to_o be_v rate_v by_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n upon_o the_o king_n land_n shall_v be_v gather_v or_o levy_v by_o distress_n on_o those_o ground_n as_o in_o case_n of_o other_o person_n and_o that_o all_o bill_n of_o acquittance_n sign_v with_o the_o hand_n of_o such_o receiver_n or_o collector_n shall_v be_v a_o sufficient_a warrant_n to_o the_o auditor_n and_o receiver_n and_o other_o the_o king_n officer_n for_o allowance_n to_o the_o farmer_n or_o tenant_n to_o the_o king_n majesty_n whereby_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o farmer_n of_o the_o king_n shall_v not_o be_v at_o the_o charge_n but_o his_o majesty_n yet_o by_o the_o statute_n 13_o eliz._n cap._n 9_o it_o may_v be_v collect_v that_o the_o lessor_n for_o year_n shall_v be_v charge_v but_o all_o 9_o 13_o eliz_n cap._n 9_o these_o be_v to_o be_v reconcile_v with_o my_o say_a diversity_n but_o now_o it_o may_v be_v object_v to_o i_o sir_n do_v you_o think_v it_o reasonable_a or_o possible_a for_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n to_o take_v notice_n at_o the_o nota._n nota._n first_o of_o every_o private_a man_n inheritance_n and_o the_o several_a estate_n which_o the_o party_n have_v therein_o when_o it_o will_v scarce_o be_v possible_a by_o private_a search_n to_o find_v they_o out_o to_o this_o i_o answer_v that_o it_o be_v not_o reasonable_a to_o tie_v the_o commissioner_n to_o such_o difficult_a and_o obscure_a business_n but_o it_o be_v sufficient_a for_o the_o commissioner_n to_o impose_v or_o lay_v the_o rate_n tax_v or_o sesse_v on_o the_o ground_n or_o on_o the_o visible_a possessor_n thereof_o and_o if_o the_o money_n so_o rate_v be_v demand_v on_o the_o lessee_n for_o year_n or_o for_o life_n or_o if_o the_o good_n be_v distrain_v therefore_o or_o they_o be_v compel_v to_o pay_v the_o same_o than_o they_o may_v come_v before_o the_o commissioner_n and_o show_v forth_o their_o lease_n and_o make_v it_o appear_v that_o i._o s._n have_v the_o reversion_n and_o as_o the_o case_n be_v to_o be_v charge_v as_o well_o as_o himself_o and_o upon_o due_a proof_n thereon_o make_v the_o commissioner_n upon_o hear_v the_o party_n on_o both_o side_n may_v apportion_v the_o tax_n on_o either_o of_o they_o as_o in_o justice_n discretion_n and_o true_a judgement_n be_v requisite_a and_o so_o if_o a_o tax_v be_v set_v upon_o land_n the_o owner_n may_v come_v in_o before_o the_o commissioner_n and_o make_v it_o to_o appear_v before_o they_o that_o i._o d._n have_v a_o common_a and_o rend_v thereout_o and_o upon_o proof_n thereof_o make_v the_o commissioner_n be_v to_o lay_v the_o charge_n according_o and_o so_o it_o shall_v not_o tie_v the_o commissioner_n at_o the_o first_o to_o lay_v the_o charge_n upon_o every_o particular_a person_n for_o that_o be_v opus_fw-la in_o finitum_fw-la &_o impossibile_fw-it but_o to_o relieve_v the_o party_n upon_o their_o complaint_n and_o this_o may_v be_v easy_o do_v and_o it_o stand_v with_o the_o justice_n of_o these_o law_n so_o to_o do_v and_o if_o the_o party_n grieve_v will_v not_o complain_v for_o relief_n let_v it_o be_v just_o account_v their_o own_o folly_n and_o no_o injustice_n of_o the_o commissioner_n for_o the_o very_a statute_n direct_v that_o such_o as_o be_v 12._o 1_o h._n 4._o ch_n 12._o grieve_v shall_v have_v relief_n upon_o their_o complaint_n which_o confirm_v my_o opinion_n in_o this_o point_n tax_n rate_n and_o sessment_n impose_v mere_o by_o the_o law_n of_o sewer_n i_o have_v former_o put_v nine_o several_a matter_n to_o tie_v man_n to_o the_o repair_v and_o this_o by_o the_o law_n of_o sewer_n be_v the_o last_o but_o not_o the_o least_o of_o they_o i_o propose_v these_o to_o be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o sewer_n because_o they_o be_v not_o back_v help_v aid_v or_o assist_v by_o custom_n prescription_n common_a right_n or_o by_o any_o other_o rule_n of_o the_o common_a law_n or_o by_o tenure_n or_o covenant_n or_o any_o act_n of_o the_o party_n as_o all_o the_o rest_n be_v but_o be_v only_o compose_v make_v order_v and_o direct_v by_o the_o sole_a power_n and_o authority_n of_o these_o law_n of_o sewer_n and_o these_o be_v such_o as_o fall_v out_o of_o all_o the_o fome_a rule_n and_o therefore_o in_o nova_fw-la causa_fw-la novum_fw-la remedium_fw-la est_fw-la adhibendum_fw-la but_o yet_o before_o i_o enter_v into_o my_o own_o work_n i_o will_v set_v down_o and_o declare_v the_o opinion_n deliver_v in_o rook_n and_o keighleys_n case_n which_o seem_v one_o of_o they_o opposite_a to_o the_o other_o for_o in_o rook_n case_v it_o be_v say_v that_o if_o one_o be_v bind_v in_o respect_n of_o his_o land_n to_o repair_v a_o wall_n or_o bank_n by_o tenure_n prescription_n or_o otherwise_o that_o yet_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n can_v not_o assess_v the_o say_a party_n alone_o to_o repair_v the_o same_o and_o say_v that_o the_o commissioner_n be_v not_o tie_v to_o the_o rule_n of_o prescription_n tenure_n custom_n or_o otherwise_o but_o aught_o to_o assess_v all_o the_o level_n to_o do_v the_o same_o which_o be_v to_o have_v good_a thereby_o but_o this_o be_v mistake_v be_v very_o just_o and_o discreet_o alter_v in_o the_o say_a case_n of_o keighley_n by_o the_o author_n himself_o for_o how_o can_v it_o be_v presume_v that_o the_o learned_a maker_n of_o this_o worthy_a law_n will_v have_v strike_v down_o at_o one_o blow_n so_o many_o thousand_o prescription_n custom_n tenor_n covenant_n and_o use_n as_o be_v within_o this_o realm_n which_o be_v tie_v and_o bind_v to_o do_v and_o make_v the_o repair_v in_o this_o kind_n some_o in_o consideration_n of_o house_n and_o land_n other_o for_o yearly_a rent_n and_o for_o other_o cause_n which_o to_o have_v set_v at_o liberty_n and_o to_o have_v impose_v the_o charge_n on_o the_o leveller_n will_v have_v wrought_v and_o bring_v a_o wondrous_a innovation_n change_n and_o alteration_n in_o these_o work_n all_o which_o by_o this_o exposition_n be_v free_v and_o save_v but_o yet_o there_o be_v certain_a case_n which_o of_o mere_a necessity_n lie_v the_o charge_n upon_o the_o level_n which_o be_v as_o follow_v the_o charge_n upon_o the_o level_n first_o if_o any_o ground_n be_v heretofore_o by_o custom_n prescription_n tenure_n or_o otherwise_o oblige_v and_o bind_v to_o repair_v any_o wall_n bank_n river_n sewer_n goat_n sluice_n jetty_a or_o other_o defence_n which_o ground_n so_o charge_v have_v be_v of_o late_o devour_v and_o overflow_v by_o the_o sea_n and_o so_o remain_v the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n be_v in_o that_o case_n tie_v to_o lay_v the_o charge_n now_o upon_o the_o level_n which_o stand_v in_o danger_n of_o take_v hurt_v by_o the_o not_o make_v the_o repair_v or_o which_o be_v to_o receive_v good_a by_o the_o do_v thereof_o second_o also_o if_o a._n b._n be_v bind_v by_o the_o tenure_n of_o his_o land_n to_o repair_v a_o bridge_n calcey_n or_o bank_n and_o he_o die_v without_o heir_n whereby_o the_o land_n escheat_v to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o fee_n in_o this_o case_n the_o tenure_n be_v end_v and_o the_o chief_a lord_n be_v not_o bind_v to_o the_o repair_v and_o therefore_o now_o the_o charge_n must_v lie_v on_o the_o the_o level_n and_o so_o be_v the_o law_n if_o this_o tenure_n have_v be_v in_o other_o sort_n extinguish_v three_o where_o no_o person_n or_o ground_n can_v be_v know_v which_o ought_v to_o make_v the_o repair_v by_o tenure_n prescription_n custom_n covenant_n or_o otherwise_o than_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n be_v to_o lay_v the_o charge_n on_o the_o level_n four_o if_o john_n à _fw-fr stile_n be_v chargeable_a to_o make_v the_o repair_v and_o be_v not_o able_a to_o do_v the_o same_o here_o the_o level_n be_v to_o be_v charge_v to_o assist_v he_o therein_o as_o appear_v in_o keighleys_n
case_n five_o if_o i._o s._n by_o reason_n of_o his_o land_n or_o otherwise_o be_v tie_v to_o repair_v the_o sea_n bank_n but_o the_o hazard_n be_v so_o apparent_a dangerous_a to_o the_o country_n that_o i._o s._n in_o all_o likelihood_n can_v repair_v the_o same_o and_o so_o the_o country_n may_v be_v in_o danger_n to_o be_v overflow_v ere_o i._n s._n alone_o can_v do_v it_o here_o also_o the_o country_n on_o that_o level_n be_v to_o be_v rate_v and_o tax_v towards_o the_o same_o keighleys_n case_n six_o if_o the_o sea_n at_o the_o spring_n tide_n or_o at_o extraordinary_a casual_a swell_a tide_n or_o flood_n have_v break_v down_o the_o fence_n and_o overthrow_v the_o bank_n and_o drown_v the_o country_n without_o any_o default_n in_o the_o party_n who_o be_v tie_v to_o have_v repair_v the_o same_o the_o level_n shall_v in_o this_o case_n make_v up_o the_o breach_n for_o thing_n which_o happen_v extraordinary_o by_o the_o sea_n or_o great_a water_n which_o neither_o policy_n of_o man_n can_v prevent_v nor_o industry_n or_o force_n can_v resist_v be_v count_v irevitable_a and_o undefenceable_a and_o so_o be_v the_o law_n in_o the_o case_n of_o lessee_n for_o year_n or_o for_o life_n if_o they_o suffer_v by_o neglect_v their_o bank_n or_o wall_n to_o be_v break_v down_o and_o their_o ground_n surround_v they_o be_v punishable_a in_o a_o action_n of_o waste_n but_o if_o those_o ground_n by_o the_o extraordinary_a rage_n and_o violence_n of_o the_o sea_n or_o water_n be_v bear_v down_o and_o their_o ground_n surround_v thereby_o they_o be_v in_o this_o case_n free_v from_o all_o waste_v and_o in_o proof_n thereof_o the_o case_n in_o 28_o and_o 29_o h._n 8._o dier_n fol._n 33._o be_v much_o to_o this_o purpose_n where_o one_o dier_n 28_o h._n 8._o dier_n make_v a_o lease_n for_o year_n of_o ground_n to_o i._o s._n lie_v near_o the_o river_n of_o eye_n and_o the_o lessee_n covenant_v to_o repair_v the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n to_o preserve_v the_o meadow_n from_o surrounder_n yet_o after_o a_o extraordinary_a flood_n the_o bank_n be_v break_v down_o and_o the_o meadow_n be_v surround_v and_o it_o be_v there_o hold_v to_o be_v no_o breach_n of_o covenant_n nota_fw-la this_o be_v in_o ☞_o ☞_o the_o case_n of_o a_o fresh_a river_n whereby_o in_o this_o case_n the_o law_n must_v lay_v the_o charge_n of_o the_o level_n if_o any_o danger_n be_v likely_a to_o ensue_v by_o the_o protract_n of_o time_n seven_o if_o one_o do_v hold_v his_o land_n by_o the_o yearly_a payment_n of_o ten_o shilling_n towards_o the_o repair_n of_o a_o wall_n if_o this_o money_n will_v not_o defray_v the_o charge_n the_o rest_n must_v be_v lay_v on_o the_o level_n eight_o if_o a_o new_a wall_n or_o bank_n be_v to_o be_v erect_v or_o a_o new_a sewer_n trench_n or_o river_n to_o be_v cast_v or_o sluice_n or_o new_a goat_n to_o be_v build_v in_o these_o case_n the_o commissioner_n must_v lay_v the_o charge_n on_o the_o level_n which_o be_v to_o take_v benefit_n thereby_o as_o well_o for_o new_a build_n thereof_o as_o with_o the_o maintain_n of_o they_o for_o in_o the_o case_n of_o new_a defence_n there_o can_v be_v no_o prescription_n custom_n or_o tenure_n bind_v to_o do_v the_o same_o and_o last_o in_o case_n there_o be_v a_o great_a port_n in_o the_o country_n by_o the_o which_o the_o whole_a country_n have_v benefit_n for_o the_o port_n and_o havens_n as_o have_v be_v say_v be_v ostia_n &_o januae_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o be_v the_o defence_n to_o the_o whole_a country_n tempore_fw-la pacis_fw-la &_o tempore_fw-la belli_fw-la and_o be_v these_o place_n by_o mean_n whereof_o the_o upland_n country_n be_v make_v partaker_n of_o the_o sea_n commodity_n therefore_o in_o my_o opinion_n the_o extraordinary_a repair_n of_o these_o be_v not_o altogether_o tie_v to_o the_o level_n as_o in_o other_o case_n nor_o to_o prescription_n or_o custom_n of_o repair_v which_o extend_v but_o to_o ordinary_a defect_n but_o upon_o great_a and_o urgent_a necessity_n for_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o port_n upon_o the_o welfare_n whereof_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o country_n do_v depend_v the_o whole_a country_n be_v oblige_v and_o bind_v to_o contribute_v towards_o the_o repair_v for_o these_o reason_n follow_v first_o for_o that_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n it_o be_v the_o gate_n which_o open_v itself_o to_o let_v in_o from_o foreign_a part_n the_o ship_n and_o bark_n which_o bring_v hither_o to_o this_o island_n such_o merchandize_n ware_n and_o commodity_n both_o for_o our_o profit_n and_o pleasure_n as_o we_o have_v need_v to_o use_v second_o at_o these_o port_n we_o ship_n out_o to_o foreign_a nation_n our_o excess_n of_o corn_n cloth_n skin_n lead_v and_o other_o ware_n wherewithal_o we_o do_v abound_v and_o receive_v in_o truck_v therefore_o other_o thing_n more_o useful_a and_o necessary_a for_o we_o three_o in_o time_n of_o war_n we_o have_v ship_v here_o for_o our_o soldier_n and_o mean_n at_o the_o easy_a charge_n to_o transport_v they_o to_o such_o place_n as_o the_o king_n and_o council_n shall_v direct_v four_o in_o those_o port_n be_v common_o great_a havens_n which_o be_v the_o chief_a receptacle_n of_o all_o our_o fresh_a water_n into_o which_o the_o water_n which_o drown_v the_o ground_n of_o the_o country_n adjoin_v be_v convey_v and_o last_o it_o appear_v by_o divers_a author_n that_o a_o country_n well_o furnish_v with_o port_n and_o havens_n be_v not_o more_o strengthen_v then_o honour_v thereby_o and_o if_o it_o be_v as_o lawful_a as_o convenient_a to_o put_v a_o case_n of_o chronicle_n law_n upon_o it_o in_o the_o 28_o year_n eliz._n in_o holingshead_n chronicle_n it_o appear_v what_o great_a care_n the_o queen_n and_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o privy_a counsel_n and_o the_o cron._n hol._n cron._n knight_n and_o gentleman_n of_o kent_n take_v for_o the_o repair_n of_o dover_n haven_n what_o preparation_n be_v make_v for_o it_o what_o money_n levy_v and_o how_o forward_o all_o the_o country_n be_v to_o effect_v that_o work_n may_v be_v a_o spectacle_n to_o other_o for_o to_o lend_v their_o help_a hand_n to_o the_o maintain_n of_o such_o worthy_a work_n be_v of_o all_o other_o the_o most_o honourable_a to_o our_o nation_n and_o the_o most_o useful_a to_o the_o enrich_n thereof_o for_o which_o cause_v in_o my_o opinion_n because_o the_o mountain_n as_o well_o as_o the_o valley_n have_v both_o salvationem_fw-la defentionem_fw-la &_o commodum_fw-la thereby_o therefore_o in_o time_n of_o need_n the_o one_o as_o well_o as_o the_o other_o shall_v be_v charge_v by_o the_o power_n of_o this_o commission_n to_o contribute_v to_o the_o extraordinary_a repair_n of_o the_o same_o i_o have_v now_o proceed_v in_o this_o point_n of_o sess_n so_o far_o that_o i_o take_v it_o i_o may_v just_o here_o make_v my_o full_a period_n of_o this_o day_n exercise_v and_o i_o have_v take_v up_o the_o more_o time_n herein_o because_o thereupon_o a_o main_a part_n and_o strength_n of_o this_o law_n consist_v and_o therefore_o i_o will_v now_o apply_v myself_o to_o my_o conclusion_n in_o the_o which_o i_o have_v already_o proceed_v so_o far_o that_o i_o have_v make_v it_o in_o some_o sort_n to_o appear_v that_o some_o of_o the_o sess_v in_o particular_a be_v not_o well_o impose_v as_o the_o lessee_n in_o case_n of_o the_o new_a defence_n be_v not_o alone_o chargeable_a for_o that_o he_o in_o the_o reversion_n be_v to_o contribute_v thereto_o and_o that_o no_o imposition_n ought_v to_o have_v be_v lay_v upon_o the_o parson_n for_o his_o tithe_n but_o the_o owner_n of_o the_o soil_n be_v to_o be_v charge_v for_o all_o so_o that_o these_o two_o be_v already_o rule_v for_o i_o but_o yet_o if_o any_o of_o the_o sess_v shall_v be_v good_a than_o i_o shall_v fail_v in_o my_o conclusion_n i_o shall_v therefore_o set_v forth_o in_o few_o word_n that_o all_o the_o sess_v be_v void_a and_o the_o cause_n be_v this_o that_o the_o drain_n of_o the_o superfluous_a water_n in_o s._n appear_v by_o my_o case_n to_o be_v only_o commodious_a for_o s._n and_o that_o d._n the_o other_o town_n have_v no_o good_a thereby_o and_o it_o appear_v also_o that_o by_o the_o repair_n of_o the_o ancient_a sewer_n in_o d._n that_o town_n only_o have_v benefit_n thereby_o therefore_o to_o assess_v s._n to_o repair_v in_o d._n and_o d._n to_o contribute_v to_o s._n where_o in_o those_o case_n there_o can_v be_v no_o benefit_n be_v direct_o against_o the_o letter_n and_o sense_n of_o these_o law_n but_o herein_o either_o of_o they_o ought_v to_o have_v be_v at_o charge_n with_o that_o by_o the_o which_o it_o take_v benefit_n and_o that_o not_o otherwise_o and_o therefore_o the_o mixture_n mar_v all_o the_o matter_n and_o so_o upon_o all_o this_o i_o conclude_v my_o
fol._n 57_o in_o winbish_n and_o tailboys_n case_n it_o be_v say_v that_o if_o there_o be_v a_o bastard_n eigne_n and_o mulier_fw-la puisne_n and_o the_o bastard_n after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o ancestor_n enter_v into_o entail_v land_n and_o die_v seize_v this_o do_v not_o bind_v the_o mulier_fw-la in_o case_n of_o estate_n tail_n as_o it_o do_v in_o a_o estate_n of_o fee_n simple_a and_o vouch_v for_o authority_n in_o the_o point_n 39_o ed._n 3._o plac_fw-la ultimo_fw-la where_o the_o case_n be_v that_o land_n be_v give_v in_o tail_n to_o i._o s._n the_o remainder_n 3._o 39_o ed._n 3._o in_o tail_n to_o c._n and_o i._n s._n have_v issue_n by_o a_o woman_n a_o bastard_n and_o die_v seize_v and_o then_o the_o bastard_n die_v seize_v have_v issue_n he_o in_o the_o remainder_n may_v recover_v the_o land_n against_o the_o issue_n of_o the_o bastard_n affirm_v that_o the_o continuance_n of_o possession_n in_o the_o bastard_n shall_v not_o be_v prejudicial_a to_o he_o in_o remainder_n to_o which_o opinion_n i_o do_v subscribe_v because_o he_o in_o the_o remainder_n be_v a_o stranger_n in_o blood_n and_o so_o can_v be_v conclude_v as_o the_o mulier_fw-la shall_v be_v for_o a_o mulier_fw-la indeed_o be_v like_o a_o graft_n draw_v out_o of_o both_o the_o blood_n of_o father_n and_o mother_n so_o the_o bastard_n be_v a_o slip_n which_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o same_o stock_n and_o have_v his_o be_v therefrom_o and_o for_o my_o own_o opinion_n consider_v the_o statute_n of_o westminster_n 2._o de_fw-fr donis_n do_v accept_v of_o gift_n in_o tail_n make_v before_o marriage_n upon_o the_o hope_n and_o expectation_n of_o a_o succeed_a marriage_n to_o perfect_v the_o same_o even_o so_o the_o marriage_n succeed_v to_o a_o bastard_n birth_n give_v he_o and_o his_o issue_n a_o privilege_n in_o these_o case_n of_o descent_n which_o be_v deny_v to_o other_o bastard_n or_o mere_a stranger_n and_o i_o see_v no_o reason_n wherefore_o that_o maxim_n and_o principle_n of_o law_n shall_v be_v alter_v by_o the_o say_a statute_n of_o west_n 2._o but_o because_o mountagues_n opinion_n in_o mr._n blow_n com._n sway_v the_o other_o way_n i_o will_v therefore_o submit_v this_o point_n to_o man_n of_o great_a judgement_n than_o my_o own_o so_o that_o if_o the_o law_n fall_v out_o for_o the_o bastard_n issue_n than_o she_o shall_v have_v title_n to_o the_o half_a part_n belong_v to_o the_o female_n and_o to_o no_o part_n belong_v to_o the_o heir_n males_n and_o with_o this_o conclusion_n i_o do_v here_o end_v my_o common_a law_n point_n and_o will_v now_o resort_v to_o the_o handle_n of_o my_o statute_n point_n the_o sewer_n be_v a_o court_n of_o justice_n i_o be_o desirous_a to_o attribute_v to_o this_o law_n all_o the_o honour_n and_o dignity_n which_o may_v in_o any_o sort_n belong_v to_o it_o and_o therefore_o i_o be_o unwilling_a to_o forget_v any_o thing_n which_o may_v material_o tend_v to_o the_o uphold_v and_o maintain_v thereof_o wherein_o among_o the_o rest_n and_o the_o chief_a of_o they_o all_o it_o be_v to_o prove_v the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n a_o court_n of_o justice_n i_o know_v some_o opinion_n have_v be_v to_o the_o contrary_a and_o hold_v that_o the_o commissioner_n have_v only_o the_o power_n of_o a_o commission_n and_o not_o any_o court_n and_o i_o suppose_v much_o may_v be_v say_v to_o maintain_v that_o opinion_n first_o because_o in_o expressis_fw-la terminis_fw-la there_o be_v no_o court_n ordain_v by_o this_o statute_n or_o by_o any_o other_o and_o without_o word_n express_v in_o the_o point_n they_o can_v have_v no_o court._n second_o by_o precedent_n in_o the_o like_a case_n it_o have_v be_v hold_v no_o court_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o city_n of_o london_n in_o sir_n edward_n cook_n 8_o report_n the_o king_n grant_v to_o the_o major_a and_o commonalty_n plenum_fw-la &_o integrum_fw-la scrutinium_fw-la gubernationem_fw-la london_n the_o case_n of_o the_o city_n of_o london_n &_o correctionem_fw-la omnium_fw-la &_o singularum_fw-la misteriarum_fw-la and_o it_o be_v resolve_v that_o they_o have_v no_o court_n in_o this_o case_n because_o no_o court_n be_v grant_v to_o they_o by_o the_o patent_n as_o it_o be_v hold_v in_o doctor_n bonham_n case_n fol._n 119_o in_o the_o same_o report_n wherein_o the_o principal_a case_n there_o put_v sway_v the_o same_o way_n for_o there_o the_o physician_n have_v power_n to_o imprison_v and_o to_o fine_a offender_n yet_o they_o have_v not_o any_o court_n thereby_o and_o so_o if_o a_o commission_n issue_n out_o of_o the_o chancery_n to_o examine_v matter_n in_o a_o suit_n there_o depend_v and_o to_o oyer_n and_o terminer_n the_o same_o yet_o hereby_o these_o commissioner_n have_v not_o any_o court_n for_o in_o that_o case_n the_o commission_n be_v derive_v out_o of_o the_o proper_a power_n of_o the_o chancery_n which_o be_v the_o court_n for_o that_o cause_n eo_fw-la instant_n when_o it_o be_v in_o commission_n and_o one_o cause_o can_v uno_fw-la eodemque_fw-la tempore_fw-la depend_v in_o several_a court_n neither_o have_v the_o commissioner_n upon_o the_o statute_n of_o bankrupt_n and_o charitable_a use_n any_o court_n nor_o the_o commissioner_n in_o the_o case_n of_o 1_o &_o 2_o eliz._n dier_n fol._n 175._o which_o have_v power_n to_o hear_v and_o determine_v the_o office_n of_o the_o exigenter_fw-la have_v not_o any_o court_n but_o only_o the_o power_n of_o a_o commission_n for_o in_o truth_n these_o be_v all_o of_o they_o rather_o ministerial_a then_o judicial_a commission_n and_o so_o a_o court_n be_v not_o proper_a to_o they_o yet_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n have_v a_o eminent_a court_n of_o record_n it_o be_v true_a that_o court_n have_v their_o beginning_n in_o three_o sort_n first_o by_o prescription_n second_o by_o charter-grant_a from_o the_o crown_n and_o three_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1._o the_o court_n hundred_o and_o leet_n begin_v by_o custom_n and_o so_o do_v the_o eminent_a court_n of_o westminster-hall_n 2._o court_n in_o corporation_n most_o of_o they_o take_v their_o beginning_n by_o charter_n and_o 3._o the_o court_n of_o first_o fruit_n and_o ten_o and_o the_o court_n of_o ward_n and_o livery_n be_v erect_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n the_o one_o in_o 32_o the_o other_o in_o 33_o hen._n 8._o but_o to_o bring_v the_o question_n near_a home_n to_o our_o statute_n of_o sewer_n which_o be_v but_o additamentum_fw-la legibus_fw-la antiquis_fw-la sewerarum_fw-la for_o they_o have_v be_v use_v from_o the_o begin_n of_o law_n though_o perhaps_o not_o know_v by_o that_o name_n and_o yet_o before_o the_o 6_o h._n 6._o they_o be_v know_v by_o that_o name_n as_o by_o the_o perusal_n of_o that_o statute_n may_v be_v collect_v and_o therefore_o for_o the_o cause_n and_o reason_n hereafter_o ensue_v i_o hold_v the_o same_o to_o be_v a_o court._n first_o for_o that_o the_o statute_n of_o 12_o ed._n 4._o cap._n 7._o and_o our_o very_a statute_n of_o 23_o h._n 8._o call_v the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n 4._o 12_o ed._n 4._o justice_n and_o one_o can_v proper_o be_v a_o justice_n or_o a_o judge_n but_o in_o a_o court._n second_o here_o be_v legal_a proceed_n and_o process_n for_o this_o statute_n say_v that_o the_o commissioner_n may_v make_v and_o direct_v all_o writ_n precept_n warrant_n and_o other_o commandment_n to_o all_o sheriff_n bailiff_n and_o other_o minister_n etc._n etc._n and_o the_o statute_n of_o 1_o h._n 4._o cap._n 12._o have_v these_o word_n in_o it_o that_o he_o that_o think_v 4._o 1_o h._n 4._o himself_o grieve_a may_v pursue_v and_o he_o shall_v have_v right_a and_o where_o there_o be_v legal_a proceed_n and_o where_o party_n grieve_v may_v come_v in_o and_o have_v remedy_n for_o the_o wrong_n and_o injury_n do_v to_o they_o there_o be_v proper_o a_o court_n of_o justice_n to_o have_v they_o in_o but_o in_o doctor_n bonham_n case_v the_o physician_n have_v no_o legal_a proceed_n and_o therefore_o party_n grieve_v can_v have_v no_o remedy_n which_o be_v the_o reason_n they_o have_v not_o a_o court._n and_o three_o the_o chief_a reason_n wherefore_o i_o take_v it_o that_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n have_v a_o court_n be_v because_o the_o commission_n of_o sewer_n be_v a_o member_n of_o the_o ancient_a and_o renown_a court_n of_o oyer_n and_o terminer_n which_o be_v and_o be_v a_o court_n of_o great_a esteem_n power_n and_o authority_n and_o so_o it_o be_v needless_a to_o erect_v a_o new_a court_n in_o this_o case_n as_o it_o be_v needful_a to_o erect_v and_o find_v the_o court_n of_o ward_n and_o first_o fruit_n the_o first_o will_v else_o have_v remain_v in_o the_o chancery_n to_o the_o which_o primary_o it_o do_v belong_v and_o the_o other_o be_v a_o new_a revenue_n and_o want_v a_o court_n to_o direct_v or_o
by_o the_o tenure_n of_o his_o house_n or_o land_n bind_v to_o avoid_v the_o water_n there_o need_v no_o prescription_n to_o have_v be_v allege_v also_o in_o 5_o h._n 7._o fol._n 3._o there_o be_v a_o like_a presentment_n make_v 7._o 5_o h._n 7._o against_o a_o abbot_n quod_fw-la ipse_fw-la &_o predecessores_fw-la svi_fw-la aught_o to_o repair_v a_o gutter_n ratione_fw-la tenurae_fw-la terrar_fw-it '_o suar_fw-mi '_o but_o because_o in_o that_o case_n the_o presentment_n do_v not_o set_v forth_o where_o those_o land_n lay_v which_o be_v charge_v the_o presentment_n for_o that_o cause_n be_v hold_v to_o be_v void_a so_o that_o there_o be_v a_o great_a difference_n between_o a_o tenure_n charge_n and_o a_o charge_n impose_v upon_o land_n by_o prescription_n for_o in_o the_o case_n where_o a_o tenant_n hold_v his_o land_n to_o repair_v a_o bridge_n wall_n or_o bank_n of_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o fee_n the_o lord_n in_o this_o case_n may_v distrain_v the_o tenant_n of_o common_a right_n by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n but_o where_o one_o land_n be_v charge_v by_o prescription_n and_o custom_n there_o be_v no_o remedy_n to_o force_v and_o compel_v the_o tenant_n to_o do_v the_o repair_v but_o by_o presentment_n and_o upon_o a_o presentment_n process_n may_v be_v award_v against_o he_o to_o distrain_v he_o to_o make_v the_o repair_v and_o if_o upon_o a_o presentment_n make_v by_o the_o law_n of_o sewer_n i._n s._n be_v charge_v to_o repair_v a_o sewer_n and_o a_o distringas_fw-la ad_fw-la reparandum_fw-la be_v award_v against_o he_o the_o sheriff_n may_v distrain_v the_o party_n in_o any_o place_n within_o the_o power_n of_o the_o commission_n of_o sewer_n but_o this_o be_v a_o judicial_a distress_n which_o issue_v out_o of_o the_o roll_n the_o justice_n be_v tie_v to_o the_o limit_n and_o bound_n of_o the_o commission_n yet_o in_o 19_o h._n 6._o fol._n 7._o the_o 6._o 19_o h._n 6._o case_n be_v that_o the_o admiral_n of_o england_n have_v jurisdiction_n in_o cause_n arise_v only_o on_o the_o sea_n and_o he_o have_v no_o jurisdiction_n or_o power_n to_o meddle_v with_o any_o thing_n do_v upon_o the_o land_n yet_o upon_o a_o presentment_n make_v in_o the_o admiral_n court_v one_o be_v present_v and_o amerce_v and_o a_o distress_n for_o this_o amerciament_n be_v take_v on_o the_o land_n and_o exception_n be_v thereto_o take_v that_o the_o distress_n be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o that_o court_n but_o there_o newton_n chief_a justice_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o justice_n say_v that_o the_o power_n of_o the_o admiral_n to_o hold_v plea_n be_v restrain_v by_o statute_n to_o matter_n arise_v on_o the_o sea_n but_o execution_n be_v not_o so_o and_o i_o have_v further_o observe_v by_o the_o book_n of_o 8._o r._n 2._o fitzher_n 2._o 8._o r._n 2._o avoury_a 253._o that_o where_o no_o place_n be_v certain_o prescribe_v to_o distrain_v in_o that_o in_o such_o a_o case_n the_o distress_n may_v be_v take_v in_o any_o place_n within_o the_o power_n and_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o court_n out_o of_o which_o the_o writ_n or_o warrant_n of_o distress_n do_v issue_n as_o if_o one_o be_v amerce_v in_o a_o court_n leet_n or_o in_o a_o court_n baron_fw-fr he_o may_v be_v distrain_v for_o these_o amerciament_n in_o any_o place_n within_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o these_o court_n and_o for_o a_o amerciament_n set_v and_o impose_v in_o the_o sheriff_n turn_v a_o distress_n may_v be_v take_v for_o it_o in_o any_o place_n of_o the_o county_n for_o so_o far_o the_o power_n of_o that_o court_n do_v extend_v itself_o but_o in_o the_o case_n of_o a_o sess_v rate_n or_o tax_v impose_v by_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n a_o distress_n for_o any_o of_o those_o may_v be_v take_v in_o any_o place_n within_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n for_o in_o this_o case_n the_o distress_n be_v mere_o ground_v upon_o the_o statute_n and_o be_v bound_v by_o the_o same_o limit_n which_o be_v as_o large_a as_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n and_o hereupon_o by_o this_o construction_n make_v in_o this_o legal_a manner_n all_o the_o word_n in_o the_o say_a clause_n of_o this_o statute_n have_v their_o full_a operation_n and_o although_o in_o rook_n case_n the_o distress_n be_v there_o take_v on_o the_o ground_n charge_v yet_o that_o do_v not_o prove_v but_o that_o a_o distress_n may_v have_v be_v take_v in_o any_o other_o place_n for_o i_o very_o take_v it_o that_o the_o place_n where_o the_o distress_n be_v take_v in_o that_o case_n be_v not_o intend_v any_o material_a point_n though_o in_o my_o succeed_a argument_n for_o another_o purpose_n i_o shall_v make_v it_o one_o so_o that_o my_o opinion_n touch_v distress_n to_o be_v take_v in_o case_n of_o sewer_n appear_v to_o stand_v upon_o these_o three_o distinction_n first_o that_o the_o lord_n of_o who_o the_o ground_n be_v hold_v to_o make_v the_o repair_v must_v distrain_v on_o the_o the_o ground_n so_o hold_v and_o not_o elsewhere_o second_o that_o upon_o a_o distringas_fw-la ad_fw-la reparandum_fw-la or_o amovendum_fw-la upon_o a_o presentment_n which_o issue_v out_o of_o the_o roll_n of_o that_o court_n and_o be_v a_o judicial_a process_n a_o distress_n must_v thereupon_o be_v take_v within_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o commission_n of_o sewer_n exit_fw-la congruitate_fw-la three_o a_o distress_n for_o a_o rate_n or_o sesse_v or_o tax_v assess_v and_o impose_v by_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n may_v be_v take_v in_o any_o part_n or_o place_n within_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n for_o this_o be_v a_o distress_n ground_v upon_o the_o statute_n and_o be_v as_o large_a as_o the_o extent_n thereof_o and_o so_o the_o difference_n appear_v where_o the_o distress_n be_v guide_v by_o the_o commission_n and_o where_o by_o the_o statute_n who_o good_n may_v be_v distrain_v it_o come_v now_o in_o turn_n to_o be_v handle_v who_o good_n may_v be_v distrain_v and_o take_v within_o these_o law_n for_o the_o word_n of_o distress_n be_v put_v so_o general_o in_o this_o statute_n that_o they_o must_v receive_v their_o exposition_n by_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o common_a law_n in_o regard_n these_o law_n do_v give_v no_o special_a direction_n therein_o and_o therefore_o the_o distress_n mention_v in_o rook_n case_n may_v in_o this_o place_n be_v question_v for_o there_o carter_n be_v assess_v but_o the_o good_n of_o rook_n be_v distrain_v and_o take_v for_o the_o say_v assess_v and_o no_o challenge_n or_o exception_n be_v there_o make_v of_o it_o and_o no_o marvel_n for_o it_o be_v special_o find_v that_o the_o good_n be_v take_v and_o distrain_v on_o the_o ground_n charge_v for_o otherwise_o that_o distress_n have_v be_v tortuous_a wherein_o i_o take_v this_o diversity_n that_o where_o ground_n be_v chargeable_a to_o repair_v of_o defence_n and_o a_o sess_n be_v thereon_o impose_v by_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n the_o good_n of_o a_o stranger_n may_v be_v take_v therefore_o on_o the_o ground_n sess_v and_o this_o be_v warrant_v by_o rook_n case_n but_o rook_n be_v a_o stranger_n his_o good_n can_v not_o in_o any_o sort_n have_v be_v take_v for_o the_o sess_n impose_v upon_o carter_n but_o on_o the_o ground_n charge_v and_o the_o like_a law_n for_o rent_n and_o service_n issue_v out_o of_o land_n the_o good_n of_o a_o stranger_n levant_n and_o couchant_a on_o the_o ground_n so_o hold_v may_v be_v distrain_v for_o rent_n and_o service_n by_o 7_o h._n 7._o 2._o and_o 11_o h._n 7._o 4._o 7._o 7_o h._n 7._o 11_o h._n 7._o but_o put_v the_o case_n a_o little_a further_o that_o in_o the_o session_n court_n of_o the_o sewer_n a._n b._n be_v amerce_v for_o nonpayment_n of_o his_o sesse_n towards_o the_o repair_n of_o a_o work_n of_o sewer_n and_o in_o this_o case_n i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o the_o proper_a good_n of_o a._n b._n be_v to_o be_v distrain_v for_o this_o amerciament_n and_o not_o the_o good_n of_o a_o stranger_n go_v on_o his_o ground_n charge_v to_o the_o say_v assess_v because_o this_o amerciament_n be_v a_o collateral_a charge_n which_o fall_v on_o the_o person_n of_o the_o offendor_n who_o be_v to_o pay_v the_o assel_n and_o do_v not_o in_o any_o sort_n charge_v the_o ground_n and_o this_o opinion_n have_v warrant_n from_o the_o case_n in_o 41_o ed._n 3._o fol._n 26._o br._n leet_n 4._o for_o there_o a._n b._n be_v amerce_v in_o a_o 3._o 41_o ed._n 3._o court_n of_o leet_n for_o receive_v and_o keep_v one_o in_o his_o house_n which_o be_v not_o swear_v to_o the_o king_n in_o which_o case_n it_o be_v hold_v that_o no_o good_n can_v be_v distrain_v for_o this_o amerciament_n but_o only_o the_o proper_a good_n of_o the_o party_n amerce_v although_o the_o good_n of_o other_o be_v levant_n and_o couchant_a on_o his_o ground_n and_o
for_o a_o distress_n take_v in_o the_o king_n court_n for_o that_o they_o be_v of_o a_o superior_a authority_n and_o jurisdiction_n to_o these_o inferior_a court_n of_o sewer_n and_o therefore_o the_o replevin_n which_o our_o statute_n aim_v to_o give_v way_n to_o be_v intend_v to_o be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o king_n court_n which_o in_o law_n and_o justice_n ought_v to_o be_v obey_v and_o not_o from_o the_o sheriff_n or_o his_o officer_n by_o virtue_n of_o their_o office_n only_o but_o in_o my_o case_n the_o commissioner_n make_v a_o law_n that_o the_o good_n of_o a._n shall_v be_v sell_v without_o allowance_n of_o replevin_n which_o be_v a_o good_a law_n upon_o the_o distinction_n and_o diversity_n aforesaid_a that_o be_v that_o a._n who_o be_v the_o person_n assess_v may_v not_o have_v or_o take_v a_o replevin_n because_o he_o be_v a_o person_n bind_v express_o by_o the_o law_n nor_o that_o the_o sheriff_n or_o his_o officer_n exit_fw-la officio_fw-la may_v grant_v a_o replevin_n to_o deliver_v the_o same_o be_v under_o the_o power_n of_o this_o law_n of_o sewer_n but_o the_o king_n court_n at_o westminster_n may_v in_o those_o case_n of_o sewer_n deliver_v the_o distress_n and_o this_o construction_n make_v of_o this_o statute_n as_o i_o take_v it_o stand_v with_o law_n and_o reason_n and_o in_o the_o 31_o ed._n 3._o brook_z replevin_n plac_n 60._o the_o case_n be_v put_v a_o man_n do_v grant_v to_o a._n b._n a_o rent_n out_o of_o his_o ground_n 3._o 13_o ed._n 3._o with_o power_n that_o if_o it_o be_v behind_o that_o he_o may_v distrain_v therefore_o and_o detain_v the_o distress_n against_o gauge_n and_o pledge_n and_o yes_o it_o be_v adjudge_v that_o if_o the_o rent_n be_v behind_o and_o the_o grantor_n distrain_v he_o can_v not_o detain_v this_o distress_n against_o the_o replevin_n yet_o here_o be_v the_o direct_a word_n of_o the_o party_n himself_o to_o the_o contrary_a but_o his_o word_n can_v not_o over-rule_v the_o law_n so_o that_o upon_o all_o these_o matter_n i_o hold_v these_o tenant_n follow_v imprimis_fw-la to_o make_v a_o general_a law_n to_o restrain_v all_o replevin_n grant_v either_o from_o the_o sheriff_n or_o the_o king_n court_n be_v no_o good_a law_n or_o ordinance_n of_o sewer_n for_o that_o replevin_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la be_v in_o such_o case_n grantable_a out_o of_o the_o king_n court_n and_o such_o a_o general_a law_n savour_v too_o much_o of_o oppression_n in_o stop_v up_o the_o gate_n of_o justice_n second_o for_o a_o sheriff_n or_o his_o deputy_n to_o grant_v and_o award_n warrant_v of_o replevin_n exit_fw-la officio_fw-la to_o deliver_v good_n or_o cattle_n distrain_v and_o detain_v for_o a_o tax_n and_o law_n of_o sewer_n be_v in_o my_o opinion_n against_o law_n and_o need_v not_o to_o be_v obey_v for_o that_o the_o distress_n be_v sub_n protectione_n superioris_fw-la curiae_fw-la which_o be_v of_o a_o high_a degree_n than_o a_o sheriff_n ministerial_a warrant_n three_o if_o a_o distress_n be_v take_v and_o sell_v for_o a_o sesse_n of_o sewer_n a_o replevin_n lie_v against_o the_o buyer_n for_o by_o the_o sale_n the_o good_n and_o cattle_n be_v put_v out_o of_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o court_n of_o sewer_n four_o if_o a_o rate_n or_o tax_n be_v impose_v by_o the_o law_n of_o sewer_n upon_o i._n s._n &_o the_o good_n of_o john_n a_o down_n be_v take_v therefore_o on_o the_o ground_n of_o i._n s._n which_o be_v charge_v i._n d._n may_v sue_v a_o replevin_n of_o his_o say_a cattle_n from_o the_o sheriff_n for_o that_o he_o nor_o his_o good_n be_v not_o express_o bind_v by_o the_o law_n of_o sewer_n five_o a_o replevin_n lie_v out_o of_o the_o king_n court_n of_o westminster_n to_o deliver_v a_o distress_n take_v and_o detain_v by_o the_o law_n of_o sewer_n for_o that_o they_o be_v court_n de_fw-fr altiore_fw-la natura_fw-la six_o a_o distress_n take_v by_o a_o lord_n on_o his_o tenant_n for_o not_o repair_v a_o work_n of_o sewer_n which_o by_o the_o tenure_n of_o his_o land_n he_o ought_v to_o do_v and_o repair_v the_o tenant_n may_v sue_v a_o replevin_n from_o the_o sheriff_n exit_fw-la officio_fw-la to_o deliver_v the_o distress_n for_o that_o this_o distress_n be_v not_o take_v or_o detain_v by_o warrant_n judgement_n or_o decree_n of_o sewer_n seven_o if_o upon_o a_o judgement_n give_v in_o the_o king_n court_n or_o upon_o a_o decree_n make_v in_o this_o court_n of_o sewer_n a_o writ_n or_o warrant_n of_o distringas_fw-la ad_fw-la reparandum_fw-la or_o of_o that_o nature_n be_v award_v and_o the_o party_n good_n be_v thereby_o take_v these_o good_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v deliver_v by_o replevin_n to_o be_v take_v either_o out_o of_o this_o court_n or_o out_o of_o any_o other_o court_n of_o the_o king_n because_o it_o be_v a_o execution_n out_o of_o a_o judgement_n eight_o although_o one_o grant_v a_o rent_n out_o of_o his_o land_n with_o clause_n of_o distress_n and_o with_o grant_n or_o covenant_n that_o the_o grantee_n may_v distrain_v and_o detain_v this_o distress_n till_o he_o shall_v be_v satisfy_v his_o rent_n yet_o a_o replevin_n lie_v in_o that_o case_n a_o perpetual_a charge_n so_o now_o i_o have_v full_o and_z at_o large_a declare_v my_o opinion_n touch_v distress_n and_o replevin_n wherein_o i_o hope_v i_o have_v full_o satisfy_v the_o first_o point_n of_o my_o case_n i_o intend_v therefore_o now_o to_o proceed_v to_o the_o six_o point_n which_o concern_v charge_n and_o sale_n of_o land_n to_o be_v make_v by_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n by_o the_o power_n and_o authority_n of_o this_o law_n and_o first_o i_o suppose_v the_o question_n may_v be_v extend_v to_o this_o that_o be_v whether_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n can_v impose_v a_o perpetual_a charge_n upon_o land_n to_o repair_v a_o work_n of_o sewer_n for_o ever_o by_o the_o power_n of_o these_o law_n i_o do_v here_o acknowledge_v that_o this_o be_v a_o knotty_a point_n yet_o something_o may_v be_v allege_v in_o maintenance_n of_o this_o opinion_n affirmative_o for_o in_o the_o part_n of_o holland_n in_o the_o county_n of_o lincoln_n almost_o every_o one_o know_v which_o part_n he_o be_v to_o repair_v and_o maintain_v in_o perpetuity_n and_o experientia_fw-la est_fw-la optima_fw-la interpres_fw-la rerum_fw-la and_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o charter_n of_o romney_n marsh_n pag._n 12._o that_o the_o use_n there_o be_v to_o impose_v perpetual_a charge_n on_o singular_a person_n 12._o char._n romney_n marsh_n pag._n 12._o for_o the_o word_n there_o be_v these_o juratores_fw-la per_fw-la eor_fw-la '_o sacrament_n '_o mensur_fw-fr abunt_fw-la per_fw-la perticam_fw-la omnes_fw-la terr_v as_o &_o tenementa_fw-la quae_fw-la infra_fw-la dictum_fw-la mariscum_fw-la periculo_fw-la subiacent_a quibus_fw-la mensueration_n '_o factis_fw-la viginti_fw-la quatuor_fw-la per_fw-la communitatem_fw-la prius_fw-la electi_fw-la &_o jurati_fw-la habito_fw-la respectu_fw-la ad_fw-la quantitatem_fw-la walliar_n '_o terrar_n '_o &_o tenement_n '_o quae_fw-la periculo_fw-la subiacent_a per_fw-la eor_fw-la '_o sacramentum_fw-la ordinabunt_fw-la quantum_fw-la ad_fw-la predictarum_fw-la walliar_n '_o sustentationem_fw-la &_o reperationem_fw-la faciend_n '_o &_o sustinend_v '_o add_v quemlibet_fw-la pertineat_fw-la ita_fw-la quod_fw-la proportion_n '_o acrar_n '_o terrar_n '_o periculo_fw-la subiacent_a '_o singulis_fw-la assignetur_fw-la sva_fw-la portio_fw-la perticar_n '_o &_o predict_v '_o assignatio_fw-la fiat_fw-la per_fw-la locos_fw-la certos_fw-la ita_fw-la ut_fw-la scietur_fw-la ubi_fw-la &_o per_fw-la quae_fw-la loca_fw-la ad_fw-la quantum_fw-la singuli_fw-la defendere_fw-la teneantur_fw-la these_o word_n in_o this_o charter_n seem_v to_o be_v plain_a that_o by_o the_o law_n establish_v in_o romney_n marsh_n the_o commissioner_n have_v power_n to_o assign_v to_o every_o man_n his_o portion_n to_o repair_v in_o perpetuity_n but_o i_o find_v no_o such_o word_n in_o our_o statute_n and_o whereas_o it_o may_v be_v say_v that_o our_o commissioner_n have_v power_n to_o make_v sale_n of_o the_o land_n ergo_fw-la they_o may_v charge_v they_o perpetual_o but_o this_o be_v a_o non_fw-la sequitur_fw-la for_o that_o for_o the_o sale_n they_o have_v express_v warrant_n but_o not_o so_o for_o the_o charge_n and_o power_n and_o authority_n must_v be_v due_o pursue_v and_o be_v not_o to_o be_v take_v by_o equitable_a or_o argumentable_a collection_n or_o implication_n so_o that_o it_o may_v seem_v the_o law_n of_o sewer_n be_v never_o hold_v so_o perdurable_a as_o to_o bind_v man_n land_n with_o perpetual_a charge_n and_o therefore_o this_o difference_n i_o take_v that_o by_o the_o custom_n of_o a_o town_n or_o country_n every_o one_o may_v know_v his_o particular_a portion_n which_o the_o owner_n of_o ground_n be_v oblige_v and_o bind_v to_o repair_v perpetual_o but_o without_o such_o a_o custom_n it_o have_v be_v hold_v that_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n can_v bind_v any_o man_n inheritance_n to_o a_o
attaint_v of_o treason_n shall_v forfeit_v the_o land_n whereof_o he_o be_v seize_v of_o any_o estate_n of_o inheritance_n and_o by_o this_o statute_n entail_v land_n be_v forfeit_v and_o the_o word_n of_o any_o estate_n of_o inheritance_n be_v the_o word_n which_o give_v that_o forfeiture_n the_o one_o in_o fee_n simple_a the_o other_o in_o fee_n tail_n and_o the_o word_n any_o presuppose_v more_o estate_n of_o inheritance_n than_o one_o but_o whether_o a_o decree_n of_o sale_n of_o land_n make_v by_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n shall_v bind_v the_o heir_n in_o tail_n be_v the_o point_n of_o my_o case_n and_o in_o my_o opinion_n i_o think_v they_o shall_v be_v bar_v for_o the_o cause_n and_o reason_n follow_v first_o the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o sewer_n be_v that_o such_o a_o decree_n shall_v bind_v all_o and_o every_o person_n and_o person_n that_o at_o the_o make_n of_o the_o same_o decree_n have_v any_o interest_n in_o such_o land_n tenement_n &_o hereditament_n in_o uso_n possession_n remainder_n or_o reversion_n their_o heir_n and_o assign_v so_o that_o by_o express_a word_n it_o bind_v the_o heir_n and_o it_o will_v have_v bind_v the_o heir_n of_o a_o tenant_n in_o fee_n simple_a without_o the_o word_n heir_n express_v in_o the_o statute_n therefore_o the_o word_n heir_n need_v not_o but_o only_o for_o the_o bind_n of_o the_o heir_n in_o tail_n also_o if_o these_o land_n be_v charge_v by_o prescription_n as_o many_o land_n be_v than_o be_v the_o land_n original_o bind_v and_o the_o heir_n in_o tail_n stand_v charge_v with_o these_o sess_v as_o well_o as_o land_n in_o fee_n simple_a and_o last_o this_o be_v a_o law_n enact_v for_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o commonweal_n and_o be_v more_o to_o be_v favour_v then_o particular_a estate_n of_o heir_n in_o tail_n but_o the_o case_n of_o the_o praemunire_n be_v penal_a in_o point_n of_o a_o forfeiture_n which_o be_v to_o be_v strict_o take_v for_o the_o king_n and_o favourable_o for_o the_o subject_n and_o therefore_o in_o my_o opinion_n the_o heir_n in_o tail_n shall_v be_v bind_v in_o these_o case_n of_o sale_n and_o the_o rather_o because_o they_o be_v within_o the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n videlicet_fw-la heir_n general_o put_v which_o extend_v to_o heir_n in_o tail_n as_o well_o as_o to_o heir_n in_o fee_n simple_a and_o because_o the_o sesse_v and_o charge_n shall_v bind_v both_o alike_o so_o in_o my_o opinion_n the_o sale_n shall_v bind_v both_o in_o regard_n the_o sale_n depend_v upon_o the_o charge_n and_o sesse_v if_o a_o prebend_n parson_n or_o vicar_n dean_n bishop_n or_o such_o like_a which_o be_v seize_v of_o land_n in_o their_o politic_a capacity_n be_v sess_v to_o repair_v of_o work_n of_o sewer_n their_o land_n can_v be_v decree_v away_o from_o they_o in_o such_o sort_n as_o to_o bind_v their_o successor_n for_o as_o this_o statute_n of_o sewer_n extend_v to_o bind_v land_n by_o decree_n in_o perpetuity_n so_o the_o statute_n of_o 1_o and_o 13_o and_o 14_o eliz._n restrain_v alienation_n and_o where_o those_o statute_n restrain_v they_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o this_o general_a statute_n of_o sewer_n do_v not_o dispense_v with_o those_o statute_n in_o croft_n case_n crofts_n and_o howel_n case_n and_o howel_n case_v in_o blow_n comment_fw-fr a_o fine_a with_o proclamation_n and_o non-claim_a by_o five_o year_n do_v bind_v the_o corporation_n of_o the_o mystery_n of_o the_o cook_n in_o london_n for_o their_o right_n in_o land_n and_o so_o all_o other_o corporation_n which_o be_v absolute_a of_o themselves_o and_o need_v not_o the_o assent_n of_o any_o other_o as_o major_n and_o commonalty_n dean_n and_o chapter_n master_n and_o fellow_n of_o college_n but_o the_o law_n be_v otherwise_o of_o parson_n vicar_n prebend_n and_o such_o like_a and_o the_o like_a exposition_n do_v i_o make_v of_o they_o in_o this_o statute_n of_o sewer_n but_o i_o will_v here_o make_v a_o distinction_n i_o be_o notwithstanding_o of_o opinion_n that_o the_o parson_n vicar_n prebend_n and_o such_o like_a for_o their_o own_o neglect_n be_v bind_v during_o their_o time_n but_o not_o their_o successor_n after_o they_o and_o note_v this_o statute_n though_o it_o mention_v heir_n yet_o it_o do_v not_o at_o all_o mention_n successor_n which_o be_v worthy_a of_o consideration_n also_o and_o in_o my_o opinion_n this_o statute_n as_o to_o decree_n to_o be_v make_v of_o land_n will_v bind_v woman_n covert_a baron_n infant_n person_n that_o be_v non_fw-la sanae_fw-la mentis_fw-la and_o such_o like_a because_o it_o be_v a_o law_n make_v for_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o so_o it_o be_v hold_v in_o zouche_n case_n in_o the_o com._n that_o the_o statute_n of_o 4_o h._n 7._o of_o fine_n have_v bind_v infant_n idiot_n and_o woman_n court_v baron_n have_v they_o not_o be_v except_v in_o that_o statute_n a_o forciori_fw-la case_n zouch_v case_n shall_v they_o be_v comprise_v in_o this_o statute_n for_o the_o statute_n of_o fine_n be_v make_v for_o the_o peace_n of_o the_o weal-public_a but_o the_o statute_n of_o sewer_n be_v make_v for_o the_o safety_n thereof_o if_o there_o be_v two_o tenant_n in_o common_a which_o be_v sess_v towards_o the_o repair_n of_o a_o wall_n bank_n or_o such_o like_a work_n of_o sewer_n and_o one_o of_o they_o do_v neglect_v to_o pay_v his_o proportionable_a part_n whether_o commissioner_n may_v decree_v a_o moiety_n without_o partition_n both_o of_o the_o sesse_v and_o land_n be_v a_o question_n for_o their_o estate_n be_v several_a though_o there_o be_v a_o community_n in_o take_v of_o the_o profit_n and_o therefore_o the_o matter_n be_v whether_o the_o assess_v shall_v attend_v upon_o the_o possession_n which_o be_v in_o common_a or_o upon_o their_o estate_n which_o be_v several_a and_o although_o commissioner_n in_o assess_v be_v not_o bind_v to_o take_v notice_n of_o their_o estate_n yet_o if_o they_o take_v upon_o they_o to_o decree_v a_o man_n land_n from_o he_o they_o be_v then_o to_o take_v notice_n of_o his_o estate_n and_o of_o all_o other_o circumstance_n necessary_o depend_v thereupon_o in_o 22_o h._n 6._o fol._n 12._o if_o a_o trespass_n be_v do_v upon_o land_n which_o be_v hold_v in_o common_a they_o be_v to_o join_v in_o a_o action_n but_o if_o one_o of_o they_o die_v that_o action_n shall_v survive_v for_o though_o they_o be_v joint_a in_o the_o personalty_n yet_o they_o disjoin_v in_o the_o realty_n and_o if_o two_o tenant_n in_o common_a of_o land_n join_v in_o a_o grant_n of_o ten_o pound_n rend_v charge_v out_o of_o their_o land_n the_o grantee_n shall_v have_v ten_o pound_n yearly_a of_o either_o by_o the_o opinion_n of_o mr._n perkins_n but_o if_o a_o sesse_v of_o ten_o pound_n be_v lay_v and_o impose_v upon_o they_o by_o this_o law_n of_o sewer_n this_o sesse_v shall_v not_o double_a as_o the_o rent_n shall_v yet_o in_o this_o case_n of_o a_o joint_n assess_v impose_v upon_o tenant_n in_o common_a and_o one_o will_v pay_v his_o moiety_n and_o his_o companion_n refuse_v the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n can_v sell_v a_o moiety_n of_o the_o land_n for_o that_o it_o be_v a_o joint_n sess_v and_o be_v not_o impose_v by_o moiety_n and_o the_o sale_n do_v depend_v upon_o the_o sess_v and_o all_o may_v not_o be_v sell_v for_o that_o one_o tenant_n in_o common_a can_v prejudice_v his_o companion_n in_o thing_n of_o realty_n the_o four_o matter_n be_v to_o who_o land_n may_v be_v decree_v by_o this_o law_n for_o by_o the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o commissioner_n have_v power_n to_o decree_v land_n for_o default_n of_o payment_n for_o year_n for_o life_n in_o tail_n or_o in_o fee_n simple_a whereby_o the_o law_n intend_v they_o shall_v make_v their_o decree_n for_o sale_n according_a to_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o sess_v and_o so_o shall_v use_v moderation_n in_o the_o estate_n they_o make_v or_o sell_v therefore_o and_o it_o be_v not_o intend_v they_o shall_v sell_v the_o feesimple_n away_o for_o sess_v which_o may_v be_v satisfy_v with_o the_o make_n of_o a_o less_o estate_n and_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o this_o decree_n do_v make_v the_o estate_n with_o the_o help_n of_o this_o statute_n according_a to_o the_o limitation_n which_o shall_v therein_o be_v declare_v and_o that_o the_o party_n shall_v have_v estate_n according_a as_o the_o same_o be_v thereby_o limit_v unto_o he_o and_o this_o be_v no_o equitable_a decree_n which_o bind_v the_o person_n only_o as_o chancery_n decree_v be_v but_o it_o bind_v the_o land_n and_o therefore_o the_o commissioner_n may_v not_o decree_v land_n to_o a_o corporation_n as_o to_o a_o major_a and_o commonalty_n dean_n and_o chapter_n or_o such_o like_a which_o be_v mortmain_n for_o the_o general_a word_n of_o this_o statute_n
disposition_n and_o of_o good_a estate_n shall_v be_v put_v into_o these_o commission_n of_o sewer_n the_o statute_n do_v make_v choice_n of_o four_o honourable_a person_n to_o have_v and_o take_v the_o nomination_n of_o such_o as_o shall_v for_o their_o integrity_n learning_n wealth_n wisdom_n and_o experience_n be_v worthy_a to_o be_v put_v into_o this_o commission_n and_o therefore_o the_o lord_n chancellor_n lord_n treasurer_n and_o the_o two_o lord_n chief_a justice_n for_o the_o time_n be_v have_v by_o this_o statute_n the_o nomination_n of_o our_o commissioner_n but_o as_o these_o great_a person_n of_o honour_n by_o their_o high_a place_n be_v most_o common_o busy_v in_o matter_n of_o great_a importance_n they_o many_o time_n refer_v these_o matter_n to_o other_o by_o mean_n whereof_o divers_a person_n in_o some_o country_n have_v of_o late_a year_n creep_v into_o commission_n which_o this_o statute_n do_v not_o allow_v of_o which_o do_v not_o only_o want_v knowledge_n and_o experience_n but_o which_o be_v also_o transport_v and_o carry_v away_o with_o selfwill_n and_o serve_v most_o common_o to_o make_v a_o faction_n of_o the_o great_a number_n to_o carry_v away_o business_n when_o the_o grave_a and_o wise_a sort_n be_v force_v be_v overload_v with_o popular_a voice_n to_o give_v way_n to_o run_v into_o contrary_a course_n and_o be_v make_v to_o surcease_v from_o make_v good_a and_o wholesome_a law_n and_o ordinance_n and_o sometime_o be_v as_o it_o be_v force_v to_o agree_v to_o those_o which_o be_v who_o even_o as_o the_o roman_a dictator_n fabius_n have_v join_v to_o he_o the_o froward_a minutius_n be_v by_o the_o violent_a stream_n of_o his_o colleague_n so_o cross_v and_o oversway_v not_o out_o of_o judgement_n but_o selfwill_n that_o he_o be_v force_v to_o give_v way_n to_o minutius_n frowardness_n though_o it_o tend_v almost_o to_o the_o hazard_n and_o the_o overthrow_n of_o the_o whole_a roman_a army_n and_o because_o the_o commissioner_n be_v the_o person_n through_o who_o hand_n the_o execution_n of_o all_o these_o law_n must_v pass_v i_o think_v it_o therefore_o very_o convenient_a to_o take_v into_o examination_n this_o part_n of_o the_o statute_n which_o touch_n and_o concern_v they_o and_o i_o intend_v to_o purge_v the_o commission_n of_o such_o of_o they_o as_o these_o law_n have_v disalow_v and_o to_o that_o purpose_n i_o have_v frame_v this_o ensue_a case_n which_o i_o take_v it_o will_v give_v we_o occasion_n to_o call_v they_o all_o into_o question_n and_o to_o sever_v the_o just_a from_o the_o unjust_a the_o sufficient_a from_o the_o unsufficient_a and_o the_o learned_a from_o the_o illiterate_a the_o case_n a._n demise_v to_o b._n and_o c._n land_n of_o the_o yearly_a value_n of_o sixty_o pound_n cum_fw-la stauro_fw-la of_o the_o value_n of_o two_o hundred_o pound_n for_o their_o life_n the_o remainder_n to_o d._n a_o free_a citizen_n of_o lincoln_n b._n and_o d._n disseise_v c._n of_o the_o land_n and_o take_v the_o stock_n c._n release_v to_o d._n the_o good_n absolute_o and_o the_o land_n upon_o condition_n d._n die_v in_o exile_n e._n his_o son_n and_o heir_n enter_v b._n and_o c._n who_o enter_v for_o the_o condition_n break_v e_o and_o francis_n countess_n dowager_n of_o warwick_n and_o three_o other_o commissioner_n of_o the_o quorum_fw-la of_o sewer_n make_v a_o law_n to_o raise_v a_o be_v erect_v upon_o a_o river_n navigable_a at_o the_o cost_n of_o the_o party_n because_o it_o hinder_v the_o current_n of_o water_n my_o conclusion_n be_v that_o here_o be_v competent_a commissioner_n in_o number_n and_o in_o estate_n which_o make_v this_o law_n and_o that_o this_o law_n be_v well_o decree_v within_o this_o statute_n the_o case_n i_o do_v distribute_v in_o these_o point_n viz._n three_o at_o the_o common_a law_n and_o four_o upon_o this_o statute_n the_o point_n i_o intend_v by_o the_o common_a law_n be_v these_o first_o whether_o the_o sixty_o pound_n stock_n can_v be_v demise_v and_o let_v for_o life_n with_o the_o remainder_n over_o as_o this_o case_n be_v second_o whereas_o b._n and_o c._n be_v two_o joyntenant_n in_o possession_n whether_o one_o of_o the_o joyntenant_n and_o a_o stranger_n can_v so_o disseise_v the_o other_o joyntenant_fw-fr as_o to_o transfer_v thereby_o a_o interest_n and_o estate_n to_o the_o stranger_n three_o because_o the_o release_n depend_v upon_o the_o disseisin_n the_o question_n be_v in_o what_o manner_n it_o do_v inure_v and_o whether_o it_o shall_v expel_v b._n out_o of_o that_o moiety_n because_o it_o be_v make_v to_o the_o stranger_n and_o than_o what_o be_v reduce_v by_o the_o condition_n whether_o a_o possession_n action_n or_o a_o right_n point_n upon_o this_o statute_n first_o whether_o the_o son_n of_o the_o free_a citizen_n exile_v be_v a_o disable_v commissioner_n in_o respect_n of_o his_o person_n and_o whether_o he_o have_v such_o a_o estate_n either_o in_o land_n or_o good_n as_o will_v satisfy_v this_o law_n second_o whether_o the_o countess_n may_v be_v a_o competent_a commissioner_n within_o this_o statute_n three_o whether_o a_o joint_a interest_n in_o land_n or_o good_n will_v make_v the_o joyntenant_fw-fr a_o sufficient_a enable_v commissioner_n within_o this_o statute_n four_o whether_o the_o be_v as_o this_o case_n be_v be_v race_v down_o or_o not_o and_o hereupon_o i_o intend_v to_o lay_v open_a the_o whole_a division_n touch_v the_o let_n impediment_n and_o annoyance_n which_o this_o statute_n speak_v of_o argumentum_fw-la lectoris_fw-la i_o mean_v it_o not_o for_o a_o point_n in_o this_o case_n whether_o good_n may_v be_v let_v with_o land_n nor_o whether_o a_o stock_n may_v be_v lease_v with_o a_o farm_n because_o i_o find_v the_o book_n of_o 1_o h._n 6._o 1._o and_o many_o other_o full_a in_o the_o point_n that_o they_o may_v and_o although_o by_o the_o take_n of_o they_o back_o again_o by_o the_o lessor_n they_o will_v thereby_o suspend_v no_o rent_n yet_o in_o the_o original_a demise_n they_o may_v be_v a_o cause_n to_o increase_v the_o rent_n but_o my_o point_n herein_o be_v double_a first_o whether_o they_o will_v pass_v in_o remainder_n as_o my_o case_n do_v limit_v they_o second_o whether_o they_o will_v enable_v b._n and_o c._n to_o be_v commissioner_n of_o sewer_n allow_v by_o this_o statute_n i_o do_v not_o only_o find_v stock_n let_v with_o farm_n but_o also_o join_v in_o real_a action_n with_o land_n for_o in_o the_o writ_n of_o assize_n the_o word_n be_v quod_fw-la vicecome_v faciat_fw-la tenement_n '_o illud_fw-la reseisiri_fw-la de_fw-la catallis_fw-la quae_fw-la in_o ipso_fw-la capta_fw-la fuerint_fw-la &_o ipsum_fw-la tenement_n '_o cum_fw-la catallis_fw-la esse_fw-la in_o pace_fw-la usque_fw-la etc._n etc._n these_o doubtless_o be_v such_o good_n as_o stock_v the_o ground_n and_o which_o usual_o go_v with_o the_o same_o for_o in_o ancient_a time_n when_o any_o farm_a ground_n they_o usual_o farm_a the_o stock_n thereon_o go_v and_o this_o appear_v by_o ancient_a precedent_n sed_fw-la nunc_fw-la aliud_fw-la tempus_fw-la in_o the_o writ_n of_o ejectione_n firmae_fw-la in_o the_o register_n be_v contain_v these_o word_n ostensum_fw-la quare_fw-la vi_fw-la &_o armis_fw-la manerium_fw-la de_fw-la dale_n quod_fw-la c._n prefat_n '_o a._n dimisit_fw-la ad_fw-la terminum_fw-la qui_fw-la nondum_fw-la preteriit_fw-la intravit_fw-la &_o bona_fw-la &_o catalla_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la a._n ad_fw-la valentiam_fw-la etc._n etc._n in_o eodem_fw-la manerio_fw-la inuenta_fw-la caepit_fw-la &_o asportavit_fw-la so_o that_o in_o those_o writ_n of_o assize_n and_o exjectione_n firmae_fw-la the_o one_o to_o recover_v the_o freehold_a the_o other_o the_o leasehold_n we_o find_v good_n which_o go_v with_o the_o manor_n or_o farm_n make_v parcel_n of_o the_o plaint_n and_o i_o take_v it_o damage_n shall_v be_v increase_v therefore_o for_o these_o be_v such_o good_n as_o stock_v the_o farm_n and_o in_o wrotsly_n and_o adam_n case_n in_o plo._n com._n exception_n be_v case_n wrotsley_n and_o adam_n case_n take_v in_o abatement_n of_o the_o writ_n because_o the_o word_n bona_fw-la &_o catalla_fw-la be_v leave_v out_o of_o the_o same_o yet_o in_o my_o opinion_n no_o estate_n neither_o in_o presenti_fw-la nor_o in_o remainder_n can_v be_v make_v of_o good_n or_o cattle_n neither_o shall_v they_o go_v with_o the_o land_n in_o point_n of_o estate_n but_o shall_v pass_v to_o the_o lessee_n and_o after_o to_o he_o in_o the_o remainder_n as_o a_o dependency_n upon_o the_o farm_n and_o the_o heir_n shall_v have_v heir-loom_n together_o with_o the_o mansion_n house_n as_o thing_n necessary_a concurrent_a therewithal_o yet_o the_o heir-loom_n have_v no_o descend_v quality_n but_o they_o do_v go_v with_o and_o wait_v upon_o the_o house_n as_o necessary_a instrument_n fit_v to_o be_v use_v therewith_o neither_o can_v it_o be_v gather_v by_o the_o book_n of_o 37_o h._n 6._o fol._n 30._o that_o the_o book_n call_v the_o grail_n which_o
be_v devise_v by_o will_n to_o a._n one_o of_o the_o executor_n 6._o 37_o h._n 6._o to_o have_v the_o occupation_n during_o his_o life_n the_o remainder_n thereof_o in_o like_a manner_n to_o b._n for_o his_o life_n and_o after_o to_o be_v dispose_v by_o the_o executor_n to_o the_o churchwarden_n of_o dale_n that_o it_o do_v pass_v to_o a._n and_o b._n in_o point_n of_o estate_n but_o only_o the_o use_n and_o occupation_n thereof_o be_v dispose_v to_o be_v rule_v according_a to_o the_o say_a limitation_n but_o the_o property_n remain_v in_o the_o executor_n so_o in_o paramore_n and_o yardleys_n case_n in_o the_o com._n and_o case_n paramore_n yardleys_n case_n mannning_n case_n in_o matthew_n manning_n case_n in_o cook_n report_n a_o term_n of_o year_n can_v not_o be_v devise_v to_o a._n for_o life_n the_o remainder_n thereof_o to_o b._n for_o his_o life_n to_o pass_v in_o this_o manner_n in_o point_n of_o estate_n neither_o can_v these_o estate_n be_v make_v thereof_o but_o by_o construction_n the_o same_o be_v dispose_v of_o to_o go_v by_o way_n of_o executory_a devise_n and_o so_o the_o stock_n in_o my_o case_n be_v not_o transfer_v in_o point_n of_o estate_n with_o the_o land_n but_o in_o point_n of_o executory_a disposition_n of_o the_o occupation_n and_o use_n thereof_o only_o and_o therefore_o if_o one_o let_v a_o stock_n of_o cattle_n or_o sheep_n with_o ground_n at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o term_n the_o good_n as_o accessary_a with_o the_o land_n as_o principal_a shall_v return_v to_o the_o lessor_n and_o during_o the_o term_n the_o lessor_n have_v the_o property_n of_o they_o and_o the_o lessee_n the_o possession_n thereof_o and_o the_o lessee_n shall_v have_v the_o yearly_a profit_n thereof_o for_o his_o rent_n and_o here_o i_o do_v end_n this_o first_o point_n and_o will_v proceed_v to_o the_o rest_n the_o second_o point_n there_o be_v two_o joyntenant_n and_o one_o of_o they_o and_o a_o estranger_fw-fr do_v disseise_v the_o other_o what_o interest_n the_o stranger_n gain_v thereby_o be_v the_o question_n i_o be_o clear_a of_o opinion_n as_o many_o book_n be_v that_o one_o joyntenant_n may_v disseise_v his_o companion_n by_o a_o express_a ouster_n but_o when_o a_o stranger_n join_v therein_o in_o what_o part_n that_o do_v alter_v the_o case_n be_v the_o matter_n for_o if_o the_o stranger_n shall_v get_v a_o joint_a estate_n in_o possession_n with_o the_o joyntenant_n who_o he_o join_v withal_o that_o be_v to_o make_v a_o double_a joynt-tenancy_n in_o uno_fw-la eodemque_fw-la gradu_fw-la for_o the_o joyntenant_v which_o commit_v the_o disseisin_n which_o have_v the_o possession_n and_o the_o joyntenant_v which_o be_v disseise_v and_o which_o have_v the_o right_a do_v hold_v joyntenancy_n still_o for_o by_o 36_o ed._n 3._o right_o may_v hold_v 3._o 36_o ed._n 3._o joyntenancy_n with_o a_o possession_n and_o the_o one_o may_v take_v by_o survivor_n from_o the_o other_o in_o 9_o h._n 7._o fol._n 23._o that_o he_o in_o remainder_n and_o a_o stranger_n may_v disseise_v tenant_n for_o life_n and_o shall_v be_v both_o disseisor_n but_o in_o that_o case_n they_o be_v both_o stranger_n to_o the_o particular_a estate_n also_o it_o be_v manifest_v that_o one_o joyntenancy_n may_v be_v build_v upon_o another_o as_o if_o two_o joyntenant_n be_v disseise_v by_o other_o two_o joyntenant_n of_o the_o right_n semel_fw-la but_o not_o simul_fw-la but_o in_o our_o principal_a case_n whether_o one_o joyntenant_n may_v hold_v the_o possession_n of_o a_o moiety_n with_o his_o first_o companion_n in_o jointure_n with_o his_o moiety_n in_o right_n and_o can_v also_o uno_fw-la tempore_fw-la hold_v joyntenancy_n in_o possession_n with_o a_o stranger_n of_o the_o moiety_n upon_o which_o the_o disseisin_n be_v commit_v i_o suppose_v he_o can_v because_o than_o he_o shall_v hold_v partnership_n with_o both_o of_o one_o thing_n and_o therefore_o in_o my_o opinion_n the_o stranger_n get_v nothing_o in_o my_o case_n but_o be_v only_o a_o coadjutor_n and_o no_o disseisor_n which_o get_v the_o tenancy_n the_o three_o point_n but_o admit_v the_o stranger_n do_v get_v a_o moiety_n of_o a_o moiety_n by_o join_v in_o the_o disseisin_n than_o what_o alteration_n this_o release_n will_v work_v in_o my_o case_n be_v the_o next_o question_n it_o be_v true_a as_o mr._n littelton_n say_v that_o if_o there_o be_v two_o littleton_n littleton_n disseisor_n and_o the_o disseisee_fw-mi release_v to_o one_o of_o they_o he_o shall_v hold_v his_o companion_n out_o of_o all_o the_o like_a law_n be_v in_o my_o case_n of_o two_o abater_n and_o two_o intruder_n but_o if_o two_o disseisor_n be_v and_o they_o make_v a_o lease_n for_o year_n render_v rend_v and_o then_o the_o disseisee_fw-mi release_v to_o one_o of_o the_o disseisor_n i_o suppose_v this_o release_n shall_v inure_v to_o both_o because_o the_o lessee_n for_o year_n who_o estate_n shall_v be_v strengthen_v by_o this_o release_n be_v in_o by_o the_o title_n under_o both_o of_o they_o and_o now_o they_o be_v tenant_n of_o a_o reversion_n only_o and_o of_o a_o rent_n thereto_o incident_a which_o be_v not_o get_v by_o the_o disseisin_n but_o be_v compose_v by_o the_o legal_a contract_n of_o the_o party_n so_o if_o two_o be_v admit_v to_o a_o copyhold_n by_o tort_n or_o to_o a_o office_n in_o a_o court_n of_o justice_n unlawful_o though_o their_o entry_n be_v unlawful_a yet_o because_o they_o come_v in_o by_o admittance_n which_o be_v at_o the_o door_n of_o justice_n i_o suppose_v therefore_o that_o if_o a_o release_n be_v make_v to_o one_o of_o they_o by_o the_o disseisee_fw-mi it_o shall_v inure_v to_o both_o because_o they_o have_v some_o colour_n and_o countenance_n to_o enter_v more_o than_o express_v disseisor_n or_o intrudor_n have_v but_o if_o a_o son_n and_o a_o stranger_n disseise_v the_o father_n and_o after_o the_o father_n die_v and_o the_o right_n descend_v to_o the_o son_n by_o this_o release_n in_o law_n and_o by_o the_o accession_n of_o the_o right_n by_o descent_n to_o the_o tortuous_a possession_n it_o do_v inure_v only_o to_o the_o son_n and_o although_o this_o release_n be_v upon_o condition_n which_o by_o the_o breach_n thereof_o seem_v to_o set_v the_o relessor_n in_o the_o same_o state_n he_o be_v before_o yet_o it_o do_v not_o admit_v the_o joint_a disseisor_n which_o be_v expel_v thereby_o to_o become_v a_o copartner_n again_o with_o his_o fellow_n as_o if_o the_o son_n and_o a_o stranger_n disseise_v the_o father_n and_o the_o father_n die_v the_o stranger_n hereby_o be_v expel_v by_o the_o descent_n of_o this_o right_n to_o the_o son_n yet_o if_o after_o a_o more_o near_a heir_n be_v bear_v as_o the_o elder_a brother_n die_v his_o wife_n einsent_n with_o a_o son_n which_o after_o the_o decease_n of_o the_o grandfather_n be_v bear_v whereby_o the_o inheritance_n of_o this_o land_n be_v he_o yet_o the_o other_o joint_a disseisor_n which_o be_v expel_v by_o the_o descent_n of_o the_o right_n of_o his_o fellow_n disseisor_n by_o the_o departure_n of_o the_o right_n with_o the_o possession_n can_v enter_v upon_o his_o fellow_n disseisor_n in_o my_o opinion_n but_o now_o the_o question_n be_v further_a what_o be_v reduce_v by_o this_o condition_n the_o right_a only_o which_o be_v release_v or_o the_o possession_n together_o with_o this_o right_n for_o if_o but_o a_o right_a be_v reduce_v than_o a_o descent_n happen_v may_v perchance_o toll_n the_o entry_n of_o the_o relessor_n and_o so_o he_o may_v be_v put_v to_o his_o writ_n of_o right_n in_o fee_n and_o if_o it_o be_v a_o right_a of_o a_o inferior_a degree_n as_o in_o our_o case_n it_o be_v but_o for_o life_n than_o he_o shall_v be_v with_o out_o remedy_n but_o in_o my_o opinion_n where_o the_o release_n do_v inure_v by_o way_n of_o 3._o 17_o assiz_n pl._n 2._o 17._o ed._n 3._o entry_n and_o feoffment_n be_v upon_o condition_n it_o may_v in_o that_o case_n by_o the_o breach_n of_o the_o condition_n reduce_v the_o possession_n and_o give_v the_o relessor_n a_o reentry_n because_o in_o intelligenti_fw-la a_o legis_fw-la the_o land_n be_v pass_v thereby_o and_o not_o a_o right_a only_o but_o if_o it_o have_v inute_v by_o way_n of_o mitter_n le_fw-fr droit_fw-fr only_a i_o take_v it_o report_n bevils_n case_n 4_o report_n then_o it_o will_v reduce_v but_o a_o right_a but_o in_o our_o case_n i_o suppose_v if_o it_o have_v have_v any_o work_n at_o all_o it_o be_v by_o entry_n and_o feoffment_n yet_o i_o think_v nothing_o do_v inure_v thereby_o to_o the_o stranger_n which_o in_o my_o case_n be_v call_v d._n because_o he_o want_v the_o freehold_a whereupon_o it_o shall_v inure_v and_o so_o i_o end_v my_o common_a law_n point_n and_o i_o will_v now_o in_o hand_n with_o my_o statute_n the_o part_n of_o the_o statute_n whereupon_o i_o do_v ground_n my_o subsequent_a
matter_n do_v contain_v in_o it_o these_o word_n viz._n that_o if_o any_o person_n or_o person_n of_o what_o estate_n or_o degree_n soever_o he_o or_o they_o be_v of_o that_o from_o henceforth_o do_v take_v upon_o he_o or_o they_o to_o sit_v by_o virtue_n of_o the_o say_a commission_n not_o be_v first_o swear_v according_a to_o the_o tenor_n of_o the_o oath_n express_v in_o the_o statute_n or_o if_o any_o person_n so_o name_v and_o swear_v do_v sit_v not_o have_v land_n tenement_n or_o other_o hereditament_n in_o fee-simple_n fee_n tail_n or_o for_o term_n of_o life_n to_o the_o clear_a yearly_a value_n of_o forty_o mark_n above_o all_o charge_n to_o his_o own_o use_n except_o he_o be_v resciant_fw-la and_o free_a of_o any_o city_n borough_n or_o town_n corporate_a have_v movable_a substance_n of_o the_o clear_a value_n of_o one_o hundred_o pound_n or_o else_o be_v learn_v in_o the_o law_n of_o this_o realm_n in_o and_o concern_v the_o same_o that_o be_v to_o say_v admit_v in_o one_o of_o the_o principal_a inn_n of_o court_n for_o a_o utter_a barrister_n shall_v forfeit_v forty_o pound_n for_o every_o time_n that_o he_o shall_v attempt_v so_o to_o do_v the_o one_o moiety_n to_o the_o king_n the_o other_o moiety_n to_o the_o party_n that_o will_v sue_v therefore_o etc._n etc._n so_o that_o by_o this_o clause_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o every_o one_o that_o be_v not_o qualify_v in_o one_o of_o these_o degree_n be_v no_o competent_a commissioner_n within_o this_o statute_n first_o that_o he_o be_v a_o utter_a barrister_n in_o one_o of_o the_o four_o inn_n of_o court_n second_o or_o have_v land_n tenement_n or_o hereditament_n of_o the_o clear_a yearly_a value_n of_o forty_o mark_n above_o all_o charge_n in_o fee_n simple_a fee_n tail_n or_o for_o life_n three_o or_o be_v free_a or_o resciant_fw-la in_o some_o city_n borough_n or_o town_n corporate_a and_o have_v movable_a substance_n of_o the_o clear_a value_n of_o one_o hundred_o pound_n and_o that_o person_n which_o be_v not_o within_o one_o of_o the_o say_v three_o part_n and_o yet_o do_v take_v upon_o he_o to_o sit_v in_o the_o execution_n of_o this_o commission_n incur_v two_o penalty_n the_o one_o the_o forfeiture_n of_o his_o discretion_n for_o his_o presumption_n the_o other_o of_o forty_o pound_n for_o his_o contempt_n and_o therefore_o for_o the_o more_o clear_a examination_n of_o these_o thing_n i_o will_v observe_v that_o method_n in_o my_o argument_n which_o my_o case_n have_v former_o prescribe_v to_o i_o and_o first_o of_o all_o i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o the_o personal_a ability_n and_o first_o of_o the_o son_n of_o the_o free_a citizen_n of_o lincoln_n i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o every_o commissioner_n of_o this_o kind_n must_v be_v endow_v with_o these_o three_o quality_n first_o he_o must_v be_v free_a of_o a_o city_n etc._n etc._n if_o he_o want_v any_o of_o these_o than_o he_o be_v out_o of_o this_o branch_n of_o this_o statute_n second_o he_o must_v be_v there_o resciant_fw-la and_o three_o he_o must_v have_v in_o clear_a movable_a substance_n one_o hundred_o pound_n and_o therefore_o what_o person_n be_v such_o a_o freeman_n be_v now_o to_o be_v handle_v i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o every_o subject_a bear_v within_o the_o king_n dominion_n be_v a_o freeman_n of_o this_o realm_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o grand_a charter_n cap._n 14._o yea_o though_o he_o be_v a_o bondslave_n to_o a_o subject_a but_o a_o stranger_n bear_v be_v no_o freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n till_o the_o king_n have_v make_v he_o denizen_n in_o who_o power_n alone_o without_o the_o help_n of_o any_o other_o one_o may_v be_v make_v free_a and_o to_o be_v a_o freeman_n of_o the_o realm_n the_o place_n of_o his_o birth_n be_v hold_v more_o material_a than_o the_o quality_n of_o his_o parent_n for_o if_o alien_n have_v a_o child_n in_o england_n it_o be_v free_a of_o the_o kingdom_n yet_o by_o the_o opinion_n of_o hussey_n chief_a justice_n in_o 1_o r._n 3._o fol._n 4._o and_o in_o calvin_n case_n of_o the_o post_n nati_n it_o be_v hold_v for_o law_n that_o if_o ambassador_n of_o this_o realm_n have_v child_n bear_v in_o france_n or_o elsewhere_o where_o the_o father_n and_o mother_n be_v natural_a bear_v subject_n the_o child_n be_v free_a of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n but_o if_o either_o the_o father_n or_o the_o mother_n of_o such_o child_n be_v a_o alien_n then_o be_v not_o those_o child_n free_a one_o out_o of_o the_o king_n protection_n be_v as_o i_o take_v it_o for_o that_o time_n no_o freeman_n of_o the_o realm_n but_o in_o what_o case_n a_o man_n exile_v be_v in_o sort_v the_o near_a to_o our_o question_n exile_n be_v one_o of_o the_o eight_o punishment_n which_o the_o roman_a law_n do_v inflict_v upon_o stranger_n which_o be_v videlicet_fw-la 1._o damnum_fw-la 2._o imprisonamentum_fw-la 3._o plagae_fw-la 4._o compensatio_fw-la 5._o ignominia_fw-la 6._o exilium_fw-la 7._o servitudo_fw-la 8._o mors._n mr._n bracton_n do_v in_o this_o manner_n describe_v exile_n that_o be_v certi_fw-la loci_fw-la interdictio_fw-la and_o do_v distribute_v it_o into_o four_o head_n that_o be_v to_o say_v 1._o specialis_fw-la hoc_fw-la est_fw-la interdictio_fw-la talis_fw-la provinciae_fw-la civitatis_fw-la burgi_n aut_fw-la villae_fw-la 2._o generalie_n interdictio_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la &_o aliquando_fw-la est_fw-la 3._o temporaria_fw-la pro_fw-la duobus_fw-la tribus_fw-la quatuor_fw-la aut_fw-la pluribus_fw-la annis_fw-la aut_fw-la etc._n etc._n 4._o perpetua_fw-la pro_fw-la termino_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la &_o exilium_fw-la est_fw-la aliquando_fw-la ex_fw-la arbitrio_fw-la principis_fw-la sicut_fw-la in_o exiliando_fw-la deuce_n hertferdiae_fw-la &_o norfolciae_fw-la per_fw-la regem_fw-la richardum_fw-la secundum_fw-la et_fw-la aliquando_fw-la per_fw-la judicium_fw-la terra_fw-la ut_fw-la sit_fw-la in_o casu_fw-la piers_n de_fw-fr gaveston_n &_o etiam_fw-la in_o casu_fw-la hugonis_fw-la de_fw-fr le_fw-fr spencer_n junioris_fw-la qui_fw-la ambo_fw-la fuorunt_fw-la exilit_fw-la '_o per_fw-la judicium_fw-la in_o parliamento_fw-la abjuration_n also_o be_v a_o legal_a exile_n by_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o common_a law_n as_o also_o by_o the_o statute_n law_n and_o in_o the_o statute_n of_o westminster_n the_o second_o cap._n 35._o he_o which_o ravish_v a_o ward_n and_o can_v render_v the_o ward_n unmarried_a or_o the_o value_n of_o his_o marriage_n must_v abjure_v the_o realm_n and_o this_o be_v a_o general_a abjuration_n and_o by_o a_o statute_n make_v in_o 31_o ed._n 1._o 1._o 31_o ed._n 1._o butcher_n be_v to_o be_v abjure_v the_o town_n if_o they_o offend_v the_o four_o time_n in_o sell_v measled_a flesh_n and_o this_o be_v a_o special_a abjuration_n but_o i_o must_v put_v this_o case_n to_o a_o further_a question_n which_o be_v what_o a_o man_n exile_v do_v forfeit_n thereby_o and_o in_o my_o opinion_n he_o forfeit_v these_o thing_n follow_v first_o he_o lose_v thereby_o the_o freedom_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o nation_n out_o of_o which_o he_o be_v exile_v second_o he_o forfeit_v his_o freedom_n in_o the_o borough_n or_o city_n where_o he_o be_v free_a for_o he_o which_o forfeit_v the_o freedom_n of_o the_o whole_a realm_n by_o consequence_n forfeit_v his_o freedom_n in_o every_o part_n thereof_o three_o he_o be_v of_o as_o little_a esteem_n in_o our_o law_n as_o if_o he_o be_v dead_a for_o his_o heir_n may_v enter_v and_o so_o may_v his_o wife_n enter_v into_o she_o own_o land_n and_o may_v sue_v a_o action_n as_o a_o woman_n sole_a by_o 31_o ed._n 1._o &_o 1_o h._n 4._o 1._o 31_o ed._n 1._o 1_o h._n 4._o 1._o and_o fourthly_a in_o my_o opinion_n he_o shall_v forfeit_v those_o land_n to_o the_o king_n which_o he_o shall_v purchase_v in_o the_o realm_n during_o his_o banishment_n que_v vide_fw-la 15_o ed._n 3._o fitz._n petition_v '_o plac_n 2._o but_o there_o in_o that_o case_n hugh_n spencer_n be_v banish_v by_o a_o judgement_n in_o parliament_n which_o give_v a_o forfeiture_n of_o his_o land_n howsoever_o i_o take_v he_o as_o strong_o bar_v from_o purchase_v in_o the_o realm_n during_o his_o banishment_n as_o a_o alien_n be_v for_o fit_a alienigina_fw-la by_o his_o banishment_n and_o he_o be_v in_o a_o worse_a case_n than_o a_o alien_n because_o he_o take_v with_o he_o indignatio_fw-la principis_fw-la but_o a_o banish_a man_n forfeit_v neither_o title_n of_o honour_n as_o knighthood_n which_o be_v de_fw-fr jure_fw-la gentium_fw-la nor_o the_o land_n he_o have_v before_o he_o be_v exile_v unless_o by_o special_a judgement_n give_v in_o a_o legal_a course_n they_o be_v so_o decree_v then_o our_o case_n go_v further_a that_o e._n be_v not_o exile_v himself_o but_o d._n his_o father_n be_v exile_v who_o heir_n e._n be_v now_o whether_o by_o the_o exilement_n of_o the_o father_n the_o liberty_n and_o freedom_n which_o e._n might_n claim_v in_o the_o city_n of_o lincoln_n by_o be_v the_o son_n and_o heir_n
of_o a_o freeman_n be_v forfeit_a for_o his_o father_n banishment_n or_o not_o be_v the_o matter_n of_o my_o case_n a_o freeman_n of_o a_o city_n or_o borough_n may_v be_v make_v divers_a manner_n of_o way_n as_o appeareth_z in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o city_n of_o london_n in_o sir_n edward_n cook_n 8_o report_n fol._n 126._o that_o be_v to_o say_v first_o by_o service_n in_o his_o apprenticeship_n second_o by_o birth_n by_o be_v the_o son_n of_o a_o freeman_n three_o by_o purchase_n and_o that_o be_v by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o city_n and_o at_o bristol_n by_o marriage_n in_o the_o chronicle_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o richard_n the_o 2._o it_o be_v say_v freedom_n be_v obtain_v but_o by_o two_o mean_n videlicet_fw-la by_o service_n and_o by_o birth_n yet_o it_o seem_v it_o may_v be_v obtain_v by_o purchase_n because_o the_o centurion_n claim_v his_o freedom_n thereby_o in_o the_o 22_o chapter_n of_o the_o act_n of_o the_o apostle_n in_o the_o irish_a report_n 8._o act_n 22._o 8._o fol._n 12._o it_o be_v say_v that_o one_o may_v be_v a_o freeman_n by_o birth_n marriage_n and_o service_n saint_n paul_n indeed_o be_v bear_v at_o tarsus_n in_o cicilia_n which_o be_v under_o the_o obedience_n of_o the_o roman_n he_o challenge_v therefore_o to_o be_v a_o citizen_n of_o rome_n but_o i_o take_v it_o the_o text_n there_o take_v it_o but_o to_o be_v national_a freedom_n which_o be_v such_o a_o general_a freedom_n as_o calvin_n be_v bear_v in_o scotland_n claim_v &_o have_v in_o england_n because_o he_o be_v bear_v under_o the_o obedience_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n but_o that_o make_v not_o saint_n paul_n free_a of_o the_o private_a custom_n privilege_n and_o franchise_n of_o rome_n no_o more_o than_o calvin_n birth_n make_v he_o a_o free_a citizen_n of_o lincoln_n to_o the_o peculiar_a custom_n of_o that_o city_n if_o one_o be_v bear_v in_o a_o city_n of_o parent_n that_o be_v not_o free_a the_o child_n hereby_o be_v no_o citizen_n by_o birth_n and_o if_o one_o be_v bear_v of_o free_a parent_n out_o of_o the_o place_n of_o privilege_n as_o out_o of_o lincoln_n he_o yet_o be_v a_o freeman_n by_o birth_n yet_o in_o the_o charter_n grant_v of_o yarmouth_n the_o word_n be_v concessimus_fw-la burgensibus_fw-la de_fw-la magna_fw-la yermutha_n de_fw-fr villa_n predict_v '_o oriundis_fw-la that_o they_o shall_v have_v such_o liberty_n and_o such_o so_o that_o it_o may_v be_v the_o special_a word_n of_o the_o charter_n may_v alter_v the_o case_n yet_o in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o city_n of_o london_n cook_n 8._o report_n the_o king_n rep._n cook_n 8_o rep._n by_o his_o letter_n patent_n can_v not_o make_v one_o a_o freeman_n of_o london_n yet_o he_o may_v thereby_o make_v he_o a_o freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o whether_o those_o that_o be_v free_a by_o birth_n service_n or_o marriage_n be_v freeman_n within_o my_o statute_n or_o not_o be_v a_o question_n because_o the_o word_n thereof_o be_v absolutè_fw-la posita_fw-la to_o all_o purpose_n and_o therefore_o i_o take_v it_o that_o this_o statute_n intend_v it_o of_o such_o as_o have_v challenge_v their_o freedom_n and_o which_o have_v take_v the_o freeman_n oath_n and_o be_v admit_v into_o the_o society_n and_o fellowship_n of_o the_o freeman_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n for_o in_o james_n bag_n case_n in_o the_o 11_o rep._n such_o a_o one_o be_v take_v for_o a_o perfect_a freeman_n and_o no_o other_o so_o in_o my_o opinion_n e._n the_o son_n of_o d._n be_v no_o competent_a freeman_n of_o the_o city_n of_o lincoln_n within_o the_o branch_n of_o this_o statute_n but_o admit_v he_o be_v than_o it_o may_v be_v object_v to_o i_o that_o by_o the_o exilement_n of_o the_o father_n the_o freedom_n of_o the_o son_n be_v forfeit_v by_o reason_n he_o be_v by_o this_o exilement_n become_v no_o free_a citizen_n but_o in_o answer_n thereunto_o i_o say_v brief_o that_o if_o theson_n have_v attain_v this_o freedom_n by_o the_o death_n of_o his_o father_n as_o a_o thing_n descendible_a than_o it_o have_v be_v forfeit_a by_o his_o father_n banishment_n but_o the_o son_n have_v this_o freedom_n by_o his_o own_o birth_n as_o a_o purchase_n and_o not_o by_o the_o death_n of_o his_o father_n by_o descent_n ergo_fw-la it_o be_v not_o forfeit_v by_o his_o father_n exilement_n like_o to_o the_o case_n where_o i._o s._n have_v many_o child_n and_o then_o he_o confess_v himself_o villain_n to_o i._o d._n in_o a_o court_n of_o record_n yet_o his_o child_n former_o bear_v be_v freemen_n and_o no_o villain_n because_o they_o be_v free_a by_o their_o own_o birth_n but_o the_o inheritance_n be_v enthral_v because_o it_o be_v to_o come_v to_o the_o heir_n by_o descent_n so_o that_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o if_o e._n have_v otherwise_o be_v a_o competent_a freeman_n as_o he_o be_v not_o than_o the_o exilement_n of_o his_o father_n can_v not_o have_v disable_v he_o our_o freeman_n which_o this_o statute_n speak_v of_o must_v not_o only_o be_v free_a of_o the_o city_n or_o borough_n but_o he_o must_v also_o there_o be_v resciant_fw-la for_o these_o word_n be_v material_o place_v in_o the_o say_a law_n and_o here_o e._n be_v the_o son_n of_o d._n a_o free_a citizen_n of_o lincoln_n who_o do_v there_o reside_v and_o dwell_v and_o every_o child_n be_v part_n of_o the_o father_n family_n for_o the_o husband_n and_o wife_n father_n and_o child_n master_n and_o servant_n be_v of_o a_o family_n and_o a_o ward_n be_v part_n of_o his_o guardian_n family_n but_o in_o our_o case_n when_o d._n be_v banish_v he_o then_o forgo_v his_o local_a habitation_n and_o so_o his_o say_a son_n can_v not_o then_o be_v of_o his_o family_n nor_o can_v be_v intend_v to_o dwell_v with_o he_o who_o have_v no_o habitation_n in_o the_o realm_n and_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o this_o statute_n require_v a_o actual_a habitation_n or_o resciancy_n and_o not_o a_o mathematical_a or_o imaginary_a resciancy_n such_o a_o one_o as_o be_v in_o geffries_n case_n in_o cook_n 5_o report_n for_o there_o the_o case_n be_v that_o one_o do_v personal_o and_o local_o dwell_v and_o reside_v at_o dale_n case_n jeffreys_n case_n and_o occupy_v land_n in_o sale_n here_o the_o party_n be_v in_o law_n but_o not_o in_o fact_n a_o inhabitant_n in_o sale_n and_o be_v there_o assess_v as_o a_o inhabitant_n to_o the_o repair_n of_o that_o church_n but_o this_o commissioner_n of_o we_o be_v bind_v to_o such_o resciancy_n as_o a_o minister_n be_v to_o his_o resciancy_n which_o in_o butler_n and_o goodhals_n case_n in_o cook_n report_v aught_o to_o be_v local_o and_o personal_o abide_v in_o the_o parish_n where_o his_o parsonage_n or_o vicarage_n house_n be_v for_o resciancy_n or_o residency_n have_v a_o like_a signification_n and_o be_v both_o of_o they_o word_n of_o that_o efficacy_n as_o they_o tie_v a_o man_n to_o his_o personal_a and_o actual_a abode_n and_o habitation_n with_o their_o family_n but_o put_v the_o case_n that_o in_o lincoln_n there_o be_v place_n exempt_v out_o of_o the_o freedom_n of_o the_o city_n and_o yet_o within_o the_o circle_n of_o the_o wall_n as_o saint_n martin_n do_v in_o london_n i_o take_v it_o if_o a_o freeman_n dwell_v there_o this_o be_v no_o resciancy_n intend_v within_o this_o statute_n because_o the_o word_n of_o our_o law_n be_v that_o he_o be_v resciant_fw-la and_o free_a of_o the_o city_n which_o go_v together_o draw_v his_o habitation_n to_o the_o place_n where_o his_o freedom_n be_v and_o with_o this_o agree_v the_o decree_n make_v for_o london_n touch_v tithe_n in_o anno_fw-la dom._n 1535._o which_o do_v not_o extend_v to_o saint_n martin_n because_o it_o be_v in_o but_o not_o of_o london_n doctor_n grant_v case_n cook_n 11_o report_n our_o freeman_n must_v also_o have_v in_o clear_a movable_a substance_n to_o the_o value_n of_o a_o hundred_o pound_n this_o word_n substance_n will_v have_v extend_v as_o well_o to_o one_o real_a estate_n as_o to_o his_o personal_a if_o it_o have_v go_v alone_o but_o be_v couple_v with_o the_o word_n movable_a declare_v plain_o that_o it_o only_o extend_v to_o the_o personal_a estate_n and_o i_o take_v it_o that_o these_o word_n movable_a substance_n do_v not_o only_o contain_v and_o extend_v to_o such_o thing_n quae_fw-la dese_fw-fr movere_fw-la possint_fw-la as_o live_v good_n horse_n ox_n sheep_n and_o such_o like_a but_o also_o to_o such_o thing_n quae_fw-la de_fw-la se_fw-la movere_fw-la non_fw-la possint_fw-la as_o plate_n jewel_n ready_a money_n utensil_n of_o house_n mercery_n drapery_n and_o other_o ware_n and_o good_n of_o value_n hay_o corn_n good_n of_o husbandry_n and_o housewifery_n but_o bird_n and_o beast_n of_o park_n and_o warrens_n and_o dove_n in_o dovehouse_n be_v not_o valueable_a sustance_n a_o hive_n of_o bee_n
and_o a_o villain_n for_o year_n and_o a_o captive_n take_v in_o the_o war_n be_v for_o there_o shall_v be_v pay_v for_o he_o a_o ransom_n as_o be_v mention_v in_o the_o register_n fol._n 102._o money_n due_a upon_o statute_n judgement_n recognizance_n bond_n bill_n or_o contract_n be_v not_o valueable_a substance_n within_o this_o statute_n for_o by_o this_o statute_n it_o must_v be_v clear_a and_o not_o doubtful_a or_o accidental_a as_o money_n out_o of_o hand_n be_v which_o be_v like_a to_o a_o bird_n in_o the_o bush_n yet_o these_o be_v all_o valueable_a and_o be_v value_v in_o inventory_n take_v in_o the_o ecclesiastical_a court_n but_o yet_o the_o executor_n or_o administrator_n shall_v not_o be_v charge_v for_o asset_n for_o they_o till_o they_o have_v receive_v they_o and_o in_o 25_o h._n 8._o in_o dier_n fol._n 5._o obligation_n be_v not_o hold_v valueable_a but_o thing_n in_o action_n and_o if_o one_o 8._o 25_o h._n 8._o have_v get_v good_n by_o tort_n and_o wrong_n to_o the_o value_n of_o one_o hundred_o pound_n yet_o this_o be_v clear_a valueable_a substance_n within_o this_o law_n for_o although_o the_o word_n clear_v be_v insert_v into_o the_o statute_n yet_o that_o relate_v to_o the_o value_n and_o not_o to_o the_o title_n of_o those_o good_n and_o if_o one_o have_v good_n as_o executor_n or_o administrator_n these_o be_v not_o his_o own_o and_o therefore_o do_v not_o enable_v he_o to_o be_v a_o commissioner_n within_o this_o law_n neither_o do_v the_o good_n of_o the_o church_n enable_v the_o parson_n vicar_n or_o curate_n nor_o the_o good_n of_o a_o corporation_n do_v not_o enable_v the_o major_a and_o alderman_n or_o citizen_n of_o a_o city_n or_o town_n corporate_a for_o these_o do_v not_o belong_v to_o their_o particular_a person_n neither_o do_v this_o stock_n in_o my_o case_n which_o be_v demise_v to_o b._n and_o c._n make_v they_o competent_a commissioner_n within_o this_o statute_n because_o they_o have_v not_o the_o property_n therein_o but_o only_o the_o use_n and_o occupation_n thereof_o and_o although_o in_o this_o statute_n it_o be_v not_o declare_v in_o what_o place_n these_o good_n which_o shall_v enable_v a_o man_n to_o be_v a_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n shall_v be_v in_o it_o will_v suffice_v if_o the_o party_n have_v they_o in_o any_o place_n within_o the_o realm_n for_o this_o very_a law_n call_v they_o movable_a substance_n and_o herein_o i_o end_v my_o free_a citizen_n and_o in_o my_o opinion_n e._n have_v neither_o freedom_n in_o his_o person_n nor_o real_a estate_n in_o land_n nor_o movable_a substance_n in_o any_o sort_n to_o make_v he_o a_o competent_a commissioner_n within_o this_o law_n yet_o if_o a_o freeman_n be_v destitute_a of_o good_n or_o want_v perfection_n in_o his_o freedom_n if_o notwithstanding_o he_o have_v land_n to_o the_o value_n of_o forty_o mark_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la than_o he_o shall_v be_v allow_v a_o commissioner_n within_o this_o statute_n touch_v which_o point_n of_o land_n i_o now_o intend_v to_o proceed_v in_o in_o the_o handle_n of_o this_o matter_n it_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v which_o be_v hereditament_n within_o this_o law_n for_o the_o other_o two_o word_n land_n and_o tenement_n need_v no_o exposition_n wherein_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o message_n cortage_n toâ—â—s_n crofts_n house_n land_n meadow_n pasture_n feeding_n moor_n marsh_n heath_n fur_n mill_n orchard_n garden_n hopyard_n rent_n of_o annuity_n prima_fw-la vestura_fw-la terrae_fw-la pischaries_n tithe_n pension_n portion_n proxy_n park_n warrens_n be_v all_o of_o they_o hereditament_n within_o this_o part_n of_o this_o law_n for_o the_o word_n hereditament_n be_v a_o word_n of_o the_o large_a size_n and_o large_a extent_n in_o our_o law_n be_v omne_fw-la quod_fw-la haereditari_fw-la potest_fw-la and_o yet_o every_o hereditament_n be_v not_o within_o this_o branch_n for_o it_o have_v two_o other_o word_n join_v therewithal_o videlicet_fw-la yearly_a value_n and_o therefore_o franchise_n and_o liberty_n as_o waif_n stray_n felon_n good_n deodan_n fines_n amerciament_n profit_v of_o court_n fair_n market_n ferries_n hundred_o leet_n and_o such_o like_a be_v all_o of_o they_o out_o of_o this_o statute_n in_o this_o point_n because_o they_o be_v not_o of_o a_o certain_a yearly_a value_n but_o be_v accidental_a and_o depend_v in_o contingency_n by_o the_o opinion_n in_o butler_n and_o baker_n case_n cook_n 3_o report_n but_o as_o it_o be_v there_o say_v if_o these_o thing_n have_v heretofore_o be_v usual_o let_v and_o demise_v for_o certain_a yearly_a rent_n than_o they_o may_v be_v hereditament_n of_o clear_a yearly_a value_n within_o this_o law_n all_o office_n and_o vocation_n as_o physician_n chirurgeon_n or_o trade_n as_o merchant_n mercer_n grocer_n draper_n and_o such_o like_a be_v neither_o hereditary_a nor_o of_o certain_a yearly_a value_n and_o therefore_o they_o be_v not_o within_o this_o law_n though_o perhaps_o one_o gain_n thereby_o five_o hundred_o pound_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la also_o dry_a reversion_n or_o remainder_n depend_v upon_o estate_n for_o life_n be_v out_o of_o this_o branch_n for_o the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n be_v have_v which_o be_v in_o praesenti_fw-la and_o not_o futuro_fw-la neither_o be_v a_o advowson_n of_o force_n in_o this_o point_n though_o it_o be_v asset_n in_o a_o formdon_n yet_o it_o be_v no_o asset_n in_o a_o action_n of_o debt_n bring_v against_o executor_n homage_n fealty_n escuage_n heriot_n relief_n nomine_fw-la paene_n and_o such_o like_a be_v hereditament_n but_o because_o they_o be_v not_o of_o yearly_a value_n they_o be_v not_o therefore_o within_o this_o law_n also_o if_o a_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n be_v seize_v of_o a_o rent_n or_o annuity_n payable_a every_o second_o year_n it_o do_v not_o enable_v he_o to_o sit_v because_o it_o be_v not_o annual_a which_o be_v intend_v yearly_o and_o every_o year_n as_o the_o prior_n of_o plymptons_n case_n in_o dier_n fol._n 133._o be_v but_o if_o one_o do_v grant_n to_o i._o s._n a_o annuity_n or_o rent_n of_o forty_o mark_n in_o fee_n payable_a at_o the_o feast_n of_o easter_n yearly_a if_o the_o grantee_n will_v then_o come_v for_o it_o to_o such_o a_o place_n be_v of_o certain_a yearly_a value_n within_o this_o law_n but_o put_v the_o case_n that_o a._n be_v seize_v of_o land_n in_o fee_n and_o grant_v to_o b._n forty_o mark_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la for_o his_o life_n only_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o b._n be_v no_o sufficient_a qualify_v commissioner_n within_o this_o law_n but_o if_o a._n be_v seize_v of_o a_o rent_n of_o forty_o mark_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la in_o fee_n and_o he_o grant_v the_o same_o to_o b._n for_o his_o life_n he_o be_v a_o competent_a commissioner_n within_o this_o law_n differentia_fw-la apparet_fw-la our_o statute_n go_v on_o in_o these_o word_n that_o the_o commissioner_n which_o will_v sit_v without_o exception_n must_v have_v in_o land_n tenement_n or_o hereditament_n of_o the_o clear_a yearly_a value_n of_o forty_o mark_n to_o his_o own_o use_n therefore_o a_o man_n seize_v of_o land_n to_o that_o value_n in_o the_o right_n of_o his_o wife_n although_o he_o take_v the_o rent_n and_o profit_n to_o his_o own_o use_n yet_o this_o will_v not_o enable_v he_o to_o be_v a_o commissioner_n within_o this_o law_n but_o he_o must_v have_v they_o in_o ejus_fw-la usu_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la ejus_fw-la usum_fw-la a_o feoffee_n to_o a_o use_n before_o the_o statute_n of_o 27_o h._n 8._o of_o use_n be_v no_o competent_a commissioner_n within_o our_o statute_n for_o he_o have_v the_o land_n then_o to_o another_o man_n use_n neither_o be_v cestui_fw-fr que_fw-fr use_n sufficient_o qualify_v to_o be_v a_o commissioner_n two_o tenant_n in_o common_a or_o coparcener_n of_o forty_o pound_n land_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la be_v neither_o of_o they_o of_o sufficient_a ability_n to_o be_v commissioner_n within_o this_o law_n and_o the_o like_a law_n be_v of_o two_o joyntenant_n of_o land_n of_o that_o yearly_a value_n for_o though_o they_o be_v seize_v per_fw-mi my_o and_z per_n tout_fw-fr yet_o in_o truth_n and_o in_o a_o legal_a construction_n either_o of_o they_o be_v seize_v but_o of_o a_o moiety_n so_o that_o if_o two_o joyntenant_n tenant_n in_o common_a or_o coparcener_n be_v seize_v of_o land_n of_o the_o yearly_a value_n of_o threescore_o pound_n either_o of_o they_o may_v sit_v by_o this_o commission_n a_o dean_n and_o chapter_n major_a and_o commonalty_n master_n of_o a_o college_n and_o fellow_n which_o be_v seize_v of_o land_n and_o tenement_n of_o the_o yearly_a value_n of_o a_o hundred_o pound_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la be_v not_o in_o respect_n thereof_o to_o sit_v if_o a_o bishop_n dean_n chancellor_n archdeacon_n prebend_n parson_n or_o vicar_n be_v seize_v of_o land_n in_o jure_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la of_o the_o clear_a yearly_a value_n of_o forty_o mark_n i_o suppose_v these_o may_v
sit_v commissioner_n by_o this_o statute_n for_o they_o have_v these_o land_n in_o eorum_fw-la usu_fw-la during_o the_o time_n they_o continue_v in_o their_o place_n which_o in_o intendment_n of_o law_n be_v for_o their_o life_n but_o yet_o by_o the_o intendment_n of_o law_n they_o be_v not_o to_o sit_v in_o the_o execution_n of_o any_o humane_a affair_n and_o therefore_o see_v their_o person_n be_v out_o of_o the_o intendment_n of_o this_o law_n so_o likewise_o shall_v their_o church_n living_n be_v but_o this_o be_v but_o a_o conceit_n for_o although_o they_o be_v not_o person_n have_v these_o land_n within_o the_o statute_n of_o 32_o h._n 8._o of_o will_n which_o be_v a_o have_v to_o dispose_v yet_o they_o may_v be_v within_o our_o statute_n which_o be_v a_o have_v to_o retain_v if_o a_o executor_n have_v a_o villain_n for_o year_n which_o purchase_v land_n of_o forty_o mark_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la he_o may_v sit_v in_o the_o execution_n of_o this_o commission_n for_o till_o his_o lord_n enter_v he_o have_v they_o to_o his_o own_o use_n but_o if_o the_o executor_n enter_v than_o neither_o the_o villain_n nor_o executor_n can_v sit_v a_o commissioner_n by_o this_o law_n if_o a_o alien_a purchase_n land_n of_o sufficient_a value_n in_o fee_n he_o in_o respect_n of_o his_o person_n be_v a_o disable_v person_n to_o sit_v neither_o be_v he_o a_o person_n have_v land_n because_o he_o be_v not_o seize_v thereof_o to_o his_o own_o use_n but_o to_o the_o use_n of_o the_o king_n but_o if_o he_o be_v make_v a_o denizen_n then_o in_o his_o person_n he_o be_v make_v capable_a the_o warden_n of_o the_o fleet_n who_o have_v land_n belong_v to_o his_o office_n may_v in_o respect_n thereof_o sit_v a_o commissioner_n by_o this_o law_n but_o shall_v a_o termor_n or_o lessee_n for_o year_n of_o land_n of_o good_a value_n be_v thrust_v out_o of_o commission_n and_o be_v count_v neither_o a_o sufficient_a land_a man_n nor_o his_o term_n and_o lease_n to_o be_v accept_v movable_a substance_n and_o not_o only_o so_o but_o that_o his_o farm_n shall_v be_v a_o further_a disablement_n unto_o he_o as_o the_o statute_n of_o 13_o el._n cap._n 9_o seem_v to_o purport_n the_o word_n of_o which_o statute_n be_v that_o no_o farmer_n or_o farmer_n for_o term_n of_o year_n of_o any_o manner_n land_n or_o tenement_n lie_v or_o be_v within_o the_o precinct_n or_o limit_n of_o any_o such_o commission_n of_o sewer_n which_o be_v or_o which_o hereafter_o may_v be_v order_v and_o chargeable_a by_o any_o law_n ordinance_n and_o construction_n make_v or_o to_o be_v make_v by_o virtue_n of_o any_o such_o commission_n wherein_o he_o or_o they_o shall_v be_v name_v or_o appoint_v commissioner_n or_o commissioner_n not_o have_v estate_n in_o freehold_n within_o the_o realm_n of_o or_o in_o manor_n land_n or_o tenement_n of_o the_o yearly_a value_n of_o forty_o pound_n shall_v any_o time_n hereafter_o have_v power_n to_o sit_v or_o in_o any_o wise_a intermeddle_v with_o the_o execution_n of_o such_o commission_n or_o commission_n during_o the_o time_n he_o or_o they_o shall_v continue_v or_o be_v such_o farmer_n or_o farmer_n of_o any_o such_o manner_n land_n and_o tenement_n and_o shall_v not_o have_v estate_n of_o freehold_a as_o aforesaid_a but_o that_o every_o such_o commission_n have_v respect_n only_o to_o every_o such_o person_n or_o person_n for_o such_o and_o so_o long_a time_n as_o he_o or_o they_o shall_v be_v or_o continue_v farmer_n or_o farmer_n of_o any_o such_o manor_n land_n or_o tenement_n shall_v be_v deny_v and_o judge_v in_o law_n as_o void_a but_o yet_o in_o the_o close_n up_o of_o that_o statute_n of_o 13_o el._n there_o be_v a_o proviso_n to_o this_o effect_n provide_v always_o that_o it_o shall_v be_v lawful_a for_o any_o commissioner_n be_v also_o a_o farmer_n and_o not_o have_v land_n or_o tenement_n to_o the_o clear_a yearly_a value_n of_o forty_o pound_n of_o freehold_n to_o sit_v by_o virtue_n of_o the_o say_a commission_n and_o have_v his_o voice_n and_o full_a authority_n with_o other_o to_o make_v and_o establish_v ordinance_n for_o sewer_n according_a to_o the_o tenure_n of_o the_o commission_n touch_v and_o concern_v all_o land_n and_o tenement_n within_o the_o precinct_n of_o every_o such_o commission_n other_o than_o such_o land_n and_o tenement_n as_o he_o or_o they_o for_o the_o time_n hold_v and_o enjoy_v as_o farmer_n as_o he_o or_o they_o may_v have_v do_v before_o the_o make_n of_o that_o statute_n but_o he_o can_v not_o have_v sit_v in_o execution_n of_o this_o commission_n before_o the_o make_n of_o this_o statute_n unless_o he_o have_v beside_o his_o lease_n land_n to_o the_o value_n of_o forty_o mark_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la and_o therefore_o a_o lease_n for_o year_n be_v no_o inablement_n at_o all_o but_o a_o disablement_n as_o this_o statute_n declare_v but_o the_o time_n when_o this_o have_v of_o land_n etc._n etc._n will_v suffice_v to_o qualify_v a_o commissioner_n to_o sit_v within_o this_o law_n be_v now_o to_o be_v consider_v of_o wherein_o i_o be_o opinion_n that_o the_o when_o have_v must_v be_v refer_v to_o the_o then_o sit_v for_o the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n be_v that_o none_o take_v upon_o he_o to_o sit_v not_o have_v land_n to_o the_o yearly_a value_n of_o forty_o mark_n so_o that_o if_o he_o have_v not_o land_n of_o that_o value_n when_o he_o be_v first_o make_v a_o commissioner_n yet_o if_o he_o have_v so_o much_o when_o he_o sit_v upon_o the_o commission_n it_o will_v satisfy_v this_o law_n and_o if_o once_o he_o have_v land_n of_o that_o value_n and_o sit_v and_o after_o sell_v the_o land_n away_o or_o if_o they_o be_v evict_v from_o he_o he_o be_v then_o disable_v to_o sit_v as_o a_o commissioner_n by_o this_o statute_n and_o so_o if_o he_o be_v but_o tenant_n for_o the_o life_n of_o i._o s._n and_o i._n s._n die_v he_o ought_v not_o to_o sit_v in_o 12_o h._n 7._o 7._o a_o juror_n which_o be_v to_o pass_v upon_o trial_n of_o land_n be_v to_o have_v forty_o shilling_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la of_o freehold_n and_o 7._o 12_o h._n 7._o 7._o after_o he_o be_v impanel_v and_o before_o he_o be_v swear_v he_o sell_v away_o his_o land_n and_o when_o he_o come_v to_o be_v swear_v he_o be_v challenge_v for_o want_v of_o freehold_n but_o the_o challenge_n be_v disalow_v for_o after_o he_o be_v impanel_v his_o land_n though_o after_o sell_v away_o be_v chargeable_a with_o the_o issue_n which_o he_o after_o may_v lose_v in_o that_o matter_n and_o with_o this_o agree_v 14_o h._n 7._o 2._o by_o frowick_n but_o our_o statute_n be_v more_o precise_o pen_v which_o be_v that_o none_o do_v presume_v to_o sit_v unless_o he_o have_v land_n of_o that_o value_n or_o be_v etc._n etc._n therefore_o when_o he_o sit_v he_o must_v have_v the_o land_n and_o if_o a._n do_v bargain_n and_o sell_v his_o land_n to_o b._n by_o deed_n intend_v of_o that_o value_n and_o before_o the_o inrolment_n of_o the_o deed_n b._n do_v sit_v as_o commissioner_n and_o after_o the_o deed_n be_v enrol_v yet_o this_o do_v not_o qualify_v his_o offence_n and_o the_o relation_n of_o the_o work_n of_o this_o deed_n do_v not_o assist_v he_o to_o take_v off_o the_o penalty_n of_o this_o law_n also_o a_o man_n disseise_v be_v during_o the_o disseisin_n disable_v to_o sit_v for_o he_o have_v not_o then_o power_n to_o devise_v the_o land_n by_o the_o statute_n of_o 32_o h._n 8._o of_o will_n for_o that_o statute_n do_v as_o we_o do_v use_v the_o word_n have_v in_o presenti_fw-la and_o not_o in_o futuro_fw-la and_o thus_o much_o i_o think_v convenient_a upon_o this_o occasion_n to_o deliver_v my_o opinion_n when_o the_o commissioner_n must_v have_v his_o land_n of_o forty_o mark_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la to_o enable_v he_o to_o sit_v as_o a_o commissioner_n within_o this_o statute_n to_o treat_v of_o the_o utter_a barister_fw-mi i_o need_v not_o for_o when_o he_o have_v take_v the_o oath_n mention_v in_o the_o statute_n he_o be_v a_o absolute_a and_o complete_a commissioner_n within_o this_o law_n to_o all_o purpose_n although_o he_o have_v neither_o land_n or_o good_n according_a as_o the_o statute_n appoint_v other_o to_o have_v the_o second_o question_n the_o second_o question_n in_o my_o case_n touch_v this_o statute_n be_v whether_o the_o countess_n of_o warwick_n be_v a_o compatible_a commissioner_n within_o this_o statute_n although_o it_o be_v uncouth_a in_o our_o law_n to_o have_v woman_n justice_n and_o commissioner_n and_o to_o sit_v in_o place_n of_o judicature_n yet_o by_o the_o authority_n ensue_v you_o shall_v find_v this_o a_o point_n worth_n insist_v upon_o both_o in_o humane_a and_o in_o divine_a learning_n for_o in_o genesis_n chapter_n the_o first_o after_o the_o creation_n 1._o
be_v always_o before_o cover_v with_o water_n but_o shore_n and_o such_o ground_n which_o alternis_fw-la vicibus_fw-la be_v wet_a and_o dry_a be_v not_o account_v relinquish_v ground_n and_o that_o relinquish_v ground_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n but_o the_o shore_n and_o casual_a drown_a ground_n may_v belong_v to_o a_o subject_n the_o personal_a profit_n of_o the_o sea_n do_v consist_v in_o wreck_n flotsan_n jetfan_n ligan_n and_o great_a fish_n which_o be_v due_a to_o the_o king_n by_o the_o royal_a prerogative_n of_o his_o crown_n but_o subject_n may_v have_v the_o inheritance_n of_o the_o first_o four_o by_o prescription_n and_o of_o the_o last_o by_o charter_n from_o the_o king_n then_o i_o descend_v into_o island_n which_o be_v of_o two_o sort_n first_o on_o the_o sea_n old_a one_o and_o new_a one_o that_o both_o be_v within_o the_o king_n power_n and_o the_o new_a one_o he_o in_o property_n fresh_a island_n in_o the_o land_n may_v belong_v to_o subject_n the_o nature_n of_o they_o all_o be_v that_o they_o be_v undique_fw-la circumdatae_fw-la aquis_fw-la i_o then_o land_v at_o the_o shore_n which_o in_o definition_n contain_v those_o ground_n which_o extend_v from_o the_o low_a ebb_n to_o the_o high_a flood_n that_o the_o king_n have_v the_o property_n thereof_o de_fw-la jure_fw-la a_o subject_n may_v have_v it_o ex_fw-la perquisito_fw-la and_o the_o people_n have_v their_o usum_fw-la necessarium_fw-la i_o proceed_v further_o to_o the_o coast_n who_o content_a and_o contingent_a i_o describe_v so_o near_o as_o by_o history_n i_o can_v inform_v myself_o and_o shore_n and_o coast_n i_o hold_v they_o to_o be_v maris_fw-la accessoria_fw-la from_o these_o i_o proceed_v to_o creek_n havens_n and_o port_n and_o these_o i_o set_v forth_o in_o their_o several_a kind_n and_o i_o conclude_v with_o the_o compass_n of_o my_o statute_n and_o my_o commission_n and_o with_o the_o diversity_n thereof_o that_o within_o the_o circle_n of_o my_o statute_n sea_n iss_n shores_n coast_n port_n havens_n creek_n gain_v and_o relinquish_v ground_n be_v comprehend_v because_o that_o may_v depend_v in_o posse_fw-la but_o yet_o the_o commissioner_n which_o be_v in_o presenti_fw-la operative_a do_v extend_v but_o to_o the_o utmost_a bank_n and_o wall_n towards_o the_o sea_n and_o i_o conclude_v the_o point_n of_o my_o case_n with_o the_o difference_n between_o ground_n leave_v and_o ground_n gain_v from_o the_o sea_n and_o thus_o i_o end_v my_o first_o lecture_n the_o second_o lecture_n in_o my_o second_o lecture_n i_o come_v on_o land_n and_o take_v upon_o i_o to_o set_v forth_o her_o friend_n from_o her_o foe_n her_o friend_n i_o count_v such_o as_o have_v defend_v she_o from_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o from_o inundation_n of_o salt_n water_n and_o these_o be_v her_o friend_n viz._n bank_n sewer_n goat_n calceys_n and_o bridges_n these_o be_v to_o be_v maintain_v and_o repair_v and_o be_v the_o defence_n which_o i_o full_o treat_v of_o and_o these_o be_v the_o enemy_n stream_n mill_n pond_n fishgarth_n mildam_n lock_n hebbingwere_n heck_n and_o floodgate_n these_o be_v let_n and_o impediment_n which_o this_o statute_n speak_v of_o and_o be_v to_o be_v correct_v reform_a or_o put_v down_o as_o cause_n shall_v require_v i_o show_v then_o that_o river_n be_v of_o two_o kind_n royal_a and_o common_a river_n that_o there_o be_v other_o inferior_a kind_n of_o those_o watery_a instrument_n which_o may_v take_v place_n after_o river_n as_o ditch_n gutter_n sewer_n pool_n pond_n spring_n that_o water_n be_v the_o substantive_a of_o all_o these_o and_o if_o it_o be_v a_o run_a water_n at_o random_n than_o it_o be_v a_o stream_n if_o it_o be_v a_o run_a water_n and_o pen_v within_o wall_n or_o bank_n than_o it_o be_v a_o river_n gutter_n ditch_n or_o sewer_n these_o in_o their_o several_a kind_n i_o do_v distinguish_v and_o spring_v i_o hold_v to_o be_v the_o vital_a spirit_n of_o they_o all_o i_o then_o describe_v the_o commissioner_n manner_n of_o proceed_n which_o may_v be_v three_o manner_n of_o way_n by_o view_n and_o survey_v and_o wherein_o they_o consist_v by_o jury_n and_o on_o what_o part_n that_o stand_v by_o discretion_n and_o the_o diversity_n and_o definition_n thereof_o after_o these_o i_o take_v upon_o i_o by_o how_o many_o several_a way_n the_o defence_n may_v be_v maintain_v which_o be_v nine_o in_o in_o number_n 1._o frontage_n 2._o ownership_n 3._o prescription_n 4._o custom_n 5._o tenure_n 6._o covenant_n 7._o usus_fw-la rei_fw-la 8._o a_o township_n and_o 9_o by_o the_o law_n of_o sewer_n all_o these_o i_o prove_v by_o reason_n precedent_n and_o authority_n and_o do_v at_o large_a discourse_n of_o they_o then_o i_o come_v by_o the_o course_n of_o this_o case_n to_o treat_v of_o sess_v tax_n and_o lay_v set_v by_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n whereby_o i_o find_v some_o inheritance_n there_o be_v which_o be_v subject_a to_o these_o sess_v as_o those_o that_o follow_v house_n land_n meadow_n pasture_n wood_n heath_n fur_n moor_n marsh_n rent_n ferries_n pischaries_n commons_o free_a passage_n park_n warrens_n and_o many_o inheritance_n i_o find_v in_o reason_n free_v from_o these_o tax_n and_o lay_n as_o tithe_n in_o spiritual_a hand_n annuity_n chase_n pension_n proxy_n portion_n mart_n fair_n market_n office_n thing_n in_o action_n condition_n contingent_n uses_n presentation_n foundership_n i_o also_o find_v these_o sess_v of_o three_o kind_n viz._n customary_a and_o then_o they_o may_v bind_v the_o mountain_n as_o well_o as_o the_o valley_n hereditary_a and_o then_o the_o particular_a tenant_n and_o the_o reversion_n must_v both_o contribute_v temporary_a which_o bind_v the_o possessor_n and_o here_o i_o end_v my_o second_o day_n lecture_n the_o three_o lecture_n my_o three_o lecture_n i_o do_v distribute_v into_o three_o general_a head_n which_o be_v mere_o the_o ground_n of_o the_o execution_n of_o these_o law_n which_o consist_v either_o in_o punish_v the_o body_n and_o person_n of_o the_o delinquent_n with_o 1._o imprisonment_n 2._o fine_a and_o 3._o amerciament_n or_o in_o do_v execution_n upon_o the_o offender_n estate_n 1._o by_o distress_n or_o 2._o by_o sale_n thereof_o or_o otherwise_o in_o extend_v it_o upon_o a_o man_n personal_a estate_n by_o 1._o charge_v of_o the_o land_n perpetual_o or_o 2._o by_o the_o absolute_a sale_n thereof_o and_o under_o these_o general_a rule_n i_o comprise_v these_o particular_n which_o follow_v first_o for_o the_o honour_n of_o this_o commission_n and_o for_o the_o more_o necessary_a execution_n of_o these_o law_n i_o find_v they_o out_o a_o court_n wherein_o i_o set_v forth_o in_o what_o case_n commissioner_n may_v imprison_v the_o body_n of_o delinquent_n and_o in_o what_o case_n they_o may_v impose_v a_o fine_a and_o when_o amerciament_n be_v due_a and_o then_o i_o show_v that_o for_o some_o transgression_n neither_o imprisonment_n fine_a nor_o amerciament_n be_v to_o be_v impose_v i_o than_o come_v to_o distress_n and_o hold_v a_o treble_a distinction_n of_o they_o videlicet_fw-la that_o some_o be_v 1._o judicial_a and_o issue_v out_o of_o the_o judicial_a record_n of_o this_o court_n 2._o other_o ministerial_a 3._o the_o three_o legal_a wherein_o all_o these_o diversity_n i_o screw_v out_o by_o prove_v authority_n then_o i_o show_v in_o what_o place_n these_o distress_n may_v be_v take_v when_o upon_o the_o land_n charge_v when_o within_o any_o place_n within_o the_o extent_n of_o this_o commission_n and_o sometime_o within_o any_o place_n of_o this_o realm_n and_o when_o the_o proper_a good_n of_o the_o party_n may_v be_v take_v and_o when_o the_o good_n of_o stranger_n and_o when_o good_n may_v be_v sell_v by_o this_o law_n afterward_o according_a to_o the_o order_n prescribe_v i_o by_o my_o case_n i_o declare_v that_o there_o be_v some_o interrupter_n to_o the_o execution_n of_o these_o distress_n the_o one_o be_v by_o sue_v replevin_n wherein_o i_o take_v these_o diversity_n that_o a_o sheriff_n be_v a_o inferior_a officer_n can_v not_o of_o his_o own_o power_n deliver_v a_o distress_n take_v by_o warrant_n of_o sewer_n but_o that_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n be_v bind_v to_o obey_v a_o replevin_n come_v out_o of_o the_o king_n court_n at_o westminster_n quia_fw-la de_fw-la altiori_fw-la natura_fw-la thus_o yet_o notwithstanding_o good_n take_v by_o a_o judgement_n be_v exempt_v from_o that_o replevin_n then_o i_o proceed_v to_o the_o charge_n of_o land_n whether_o a_o perpetual_a charge_n may_v be_v impose_v or_o not_o and_o from_o thence_o i_o come_v to_o sales_n and_o those_o i_o distribute_v into_o four_o point_n first_o for_o what_o cause_n 2._o what_o land_n 3._o who_o land_n 4._o to_o who_o these_o land_n may_v be_v sell_v i_o after_o come_v into_o the_o tractate_n of_o legal_a proceed_n which_o may_v be_v use_v in_o our_o court_n of_o
alter_v former_a law_n it_o appear_v in_o esther_n that_o the_o law_n of_o the_o mede_n and_o persian_n be_v so_o perdurable_a as_o they_o can_v never_o be_v change_v and_o in_o my_o opinion_n there_o be_v require_v as_o great_a foresight_n judgement_n and_o as_o sound_v discretion_n and_o mature_a deliberation_n in_o repeal_n of_o old_a law_n as_o in_o make_v new_a one_o for_o quae_fw-la preter_fw-la consuetudinem_fw-la &_o morem_fw-la major_n '_o fiunt_fw-la neque_fw-la placent_fw-la neque_fw-la recta_fw-la videmur_fw-la i_o have_v note_v how_o careful_o and_o constant_a the_o lord_n of_o the_o parliament_n house_n be_v in_o the_o 20_o year_n of_o h._n 3._o when_o they_o all_o cry_v out_o aloud_o nolumus_fw-la leges_fw-la angliae_fw-la mutare_fw-la see_v therefore_o there_o ought_v to_o be_v great_a care_n in_o make_v law_n so_o must_v there_o be_v great_a heed_n take_v in_o repeal_n of_o law_n and_o because_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n have_v power_n herein_o i_o will_v therefore_o deliver_v my_o opinion_n how_o far_o that_o power_n will_v extend_v and_o if_o one_o note_v this_o branch_n of_o the_o statute_n well_o he_o shall_v well_o perceive_v the_o judicious_a care_n take_v by_o the_o parliament_n in_o pen_v of_o it_o for_o the_o word_n be_v that_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n shall_v have_v power_n and_o authority_n to_o make_v constitute_v and_o ordain_v law_n ordinance_n and_o decree_n and_o the_o same_o law_n and_o ordinance_n omit_v the_o word_n decree_v to_o alter_v repeal_n and_o make_v void_a for_o a_o decree_n be_v a_o judgement_n and_o be_v finis_fw-la operis_fw-la and_o a_o judgement_n can_v be_v reverse_v without_o a_o writ_n of_o error_n neither_o can_v a_o sentence_n or_o a_o decree_n in_o chancery_n be_v reverse_v without_o a_o bill_n of_o review_n neither_o can_v the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n reverse_v a_o judgement_n or_o decree_n of_o sewer_n judicious_o pronounce_v which_o be_v a_o judgement_n upon_o a_o trial_n betwixt_o the_o king_n and_o the_o party_n or_o betwixt_o party_n and_o party_n without_o a_o bill_n of_o reversal_n for_o it_o be_v true_o say_v quod_fw-la naturale_fw-la est_fw-la unum_fw-la quod_n dissolvi_fw-la eo_fw-la ligamine_fw-la quo_fw-la ligatum_fw-la est_fw-la a_o writ_n of_o error_n lay_v at_o the_o common_a law_n for_o to_o reverse_v a_o judgement_n give_v by_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n when_o the_o commission_n be_v in_o latin_a as_o be_v set_v forth_o in_o the_o register_n be_v then_o one_o of_o the_o special_a commission_n of_o oyer_n and_o terminer_n but_o since_o the_o commission_n be_v put_v into_o the_o english_a frame_n the_o writ_n of_o error_n cease_v a_o law_n for_o sale_n of_o land_n ingross_v into_o parchment_n and_o certify_v into_o the_o king_n court_n of_o chancery_n with_o the_o king_n royal_a assent_n have_v thereto_o be_v not_o reversable_a without_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n but_o then_o the_o say_a sale_n must_v be_v make_v according_a to_o the_o form_n frame_n and_o power_n of_o this_o statute_n for_o put_v the_o case_n that_o a._n b._n hold_v his_o land_n of_o i._o s._n by_o the_o payment_n of_o twenty_o shilling_n yearly_a towards_o the_o repair_n of_o such_o a_o bridge_n bank_n or_o wall_n it_o fortune_v that_o a._n b._n pay_v the_o twenty_o shilling_n yearly_a to_o his_o lord_n for_o that_o purpose_n who_o neglect_v to_o pay_v it_o though_o he_o be_v thereto_o order_v and_o assess_v to_o pay_v the_o same_o to_o the_o say_a repair_n by_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n the_o seignory_n of_o twenty_o shilling_n yearly_o be_v to_o be_v decree_v and_o not_o the_o land_n for_o that_o the_o fault_n be_v in_o i._o s._n and_o not_o in_o a._n b._n the_o owner_n of_o the_o land_n if_o any_o person_n be_v by_o prescription_n custom_n tenure_n covenant_n or_o otherwise_o bind_v to_o repair_v wall_n bank_n or_o other_o defence_n of_o sewer_n the_o commissioner_n have_v not_o any_o power_n by_o their_o commission_n to_o repeal_v alter_v or_o make_v void_a any_o of_o these_o because_o these_o be_v establish_v by_o the_o common_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o not_o by_o the_o power_n of_o the_o commission_n of_o sewer_n but_o their_o power_n be_v to_o repeal_v alter_v or_o make_v void_a law_n and_o ordinance_n make_v by_o themselves_o or_o by_o the_o power_n of_o their_o commission_n and_o so_o the_o word_n of_o their_o commission_n plain_o describe_v it_o for_o thereby_o they_o have_v power_n to_o make_v law_n and_o ordinance_n and_o the_o same_o to_o repeal_v alter_v and_o make_v void_a so_o they_o must_v be_v the_o same_o and_o no_o other_o and_o herein_o i_o end_v all_o my_o argument_n and_o discourse_n upon_o this_o statute_n for_o i_o account_v all_o the_o rest_n which_o remain_v unspoken_a of_o not_o to_o be_v worthy_a of_o a_o reader_n dialect_n because_o i_o have_v full_o handle_v all_o the_o material_n of_o this_o worthy_a law_n and_o therefore_o i_o may_v just_o â—â—â—clude_v my_o argument_n with_o this_o that_o finitum_fw-la est_fw-la hoc_fw-la opus_fw-la â—_o consumatum_fw-la finis_fw-la