to_o their_o intent_n and_o not_o in_o so_o precise_a a_o form_n as_o grant_n or_o plead_n but_o as_o verdict_n yet_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o matter_n ought_v to_o appear_v either_o by_o express_a word_n or_o by_o word_n equivalent_a or_o by_o those_o that_o do_v amount_v thereunto_o but_o it_o be_v good_a that_o award_v be_v draw_v up_o by_o some_o that_o be_v skilful_a for_o the_o avoid_n of_o controversy_n which_o otherwise_o may_v arise_v about_o the_o same_o agreement_n a_o agreement_n be_v make_v between_o the_o party_n themselves_o there_o must_v be_v a_o satisfaction_n make_v to_o either_o party_n present_o or_o remedy_n for_o the_o recompense_n or_o else_o it_o be_v but_o a_o endeavour_n to_o agree_v tender_v of_o money_n without_o payment_n or_o agreement_n to_o pay_v money_n at_o a_o day_n to_o come_v be_v not_o any_o satisfaction_n before_o the_o day_n be_v come_v and_o the_o money_n be_v pay_v it_o can_v be_v plead_v in_o bar_n in_o a_o action_n of_o trespass_n for_o that_o as_o the_o other_o party_n have_v no_o mean_n to_o compel_v the_o other_o to_o pay_v the_o money_n so_o he_o may_v refuse_v it_o at_o the_o day_n if_o he_o will_v otherwise_o in_o a_o arbitrament_n but_o money_n pay_v at_o a_o day_n before_o the_o action_n bring_v be_v a_o good_a plea._n finis_fw-la a_o treatise_n of_o particular_a estate_n write_a by_o sir_n john_n doddridge_n knight_n london_n print_v anno._n dom._n 1651._o a_o treatise_n of_o particular_a estate_n particular_a estate_n a_o particular_a estate_n be_v such_o as_o be_v derive_v from_o a_o general_a estate_n by_o separation_n of_o one_o from_o the_o other_o as_o if_o a_o man_n seize_v in_o fee_n simple_a of_o land_n or_o tenement_n do_v thereof_o cheat_v by_o gift_n or_o grant_v a_o â—state_n tail_n or_o by_o demise_n a_o lease_n for_o life_n or_o â—…y_a estate_n for_o year_n these_o be_v in_o the_o donee_n or_o leasee_v particular_a estate_n in_o possession_n derive_v â—nd_o separate_v from_o the_o fee_n simple_a in_o the_o deâ—…nor_n or_o leasor_n in_o reversion_n also_o if_o land_n be_v demise_v to_o a._n for_o life_n the_o remainder_n to_o b._n and_o the_o heir_n of_o his_o body_n the_o remainder_n to_o c._n and_o his_o heir_n the_o estate_n for_o life_n limit_v to_o a._n the_o estate_n tail_n limit_v to_o b._n be_v particular_a estate_n derive_v ut_fw-la supra_fw-la and_o separate_v in_o interest_n from_o the_o fee_n simple_a the_o remainder_n give_v to_o c._n albeit_o the_o same_o remainder_n do_v depend_v upon_o those_o particular_a estate_n and_o of_o particular_a estate_n some_o be_v create_v by_o agreement_n between_o the_o party_n and_o the_o particular_a estate_n before_o specify_v and_o some_o by_o act_n of_o law_n as_o the_o state_n in_o tail_n apres_fw-fr possibility_n de_fw-fr issue_n extinct_a estate_n by_o the_o courtesy_n of_o england_n dower_n and_o wardship_n for_o albeit_o a_o estate_n in_o dower_n be_v not_o complete_a until_o it_o be_v assign_v which_o oftentime_n be_v do_v by_o assent_n and_o agreement_n between_o party_n yet_o because_o the_o party_n that_o so_o assign_v the_o same_o be_v compellable_n so_o to_o do_v by_o coarse_n of_o law_n that_o estate_n be_v also_o say_v to_o be_v create_v by_o law_n also_o a_o estate_n at_o will_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o particular_a estate_n but_o yet_o not_o such_o as_o make_v any_o division_n of_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o lessor_n be_v seize_v for_o notwithstanding_o such_o a_o estate_n the_o lessor_n be_v seize_v of_o the_o land_n in_o this_o demeâ—…sure_n as_o for_o fee_n in_o possession_n and_o not_o in_o reversion_n also_o a_o estate_n at_o will_n be_v not_o such_o particular_a estate_n whereupon_o a_o remainder_n may_v depend_v but_o of_o all_o the_o estate_n before_o mention_v many_o fruitful_a rule_n and_o observation_n be_v both_o general_o and_o particular_o so_o lively_o set_v forth_o by_o the_o say_a mr._n littleton_n in_o the_o 1_o 2_o 3_o 4_o 5_o 6_o 7_o and_o 8._o chapter_n of_o his_o first_o book_n which_o be_v extant_a as_o well_o in_o english_a as_o in_o french_a whereunto_o i_o refer_v you_o possession_n it_o be_v further_a to_o be_v observe_v that_o all_o estate_n that_o have_v their_o be_v be_v in_o possession_n reversion_n remainder_n or_o in_o right_n but_o of_o all_o these_o possession_n be_v the_o principal_a there_o be_v two_o degree_n of_o the_o first_o and_o chief_a possession_n in_o fait_fw-fr poss_n in_o law_n or_o deed_n be_v such_o as_o be_v before_o speak_v of_o and_o that_o be_v most_o proper_a to_o a_o estate_n which_o be_v present_a and_o immediate_a but_o yet_o such_o possession_n of_o the_o immediate_a estate_n if_o it_o be_v not_o great_a than_o a_o term_n do_v operate_v and_o enure_v to_o make_v the_o like_a possession_n of_o the_o freehold_n or_o reversion_n when_o a_o man_n be_v say_v to_o have_v a_o term_n it_o be_v to_o be_v intend_v for_o year_n when_o it_o be_v say_v a_o man_n to_o have_v the_o fee_n of_o land_n it_o be_v also_o to_o be_v intend_v a_o fee_n simple_a possession_n be_v that_o possession_n which_o the_o law_n itself_o cast_v upon_o a_o man_n before_o any_o entry_n or_o pernancy_n of_o the_o profit_n as_o if_o there_o be_v father_n and_o son_n and_o the_o father_n die_v seize_v of_o land_n in_o fee_n and_o the_o same_o do_v descend_v to_o the_o son_n as_o his_o next_o heir_n in_o this_o case_n before_o any_o entry_n the_o same_o have_v a_o possession_n in_o law_n so_o it_o be_v also_o of_o a_o reversion_n exportant_fw-la or_o a_o remainder_n dependent_a upon_o particular_a estate_n or_o life_n in_o which_o case_n if_o tenant_n for_o life_n die_v he_o in_o reversion_n or_o remainder_n before_o his_o entry_n have_v only_o possession_n in_o law_n all_o manner_n of_o possession_n that_o be_v not_o possession_n in_o fait_fw-fr be_v only_a possession_n in_o law_n and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v then_o if_o a_o man_n have_v a_o great_a estate_n in_o land_n then_o for_o year_n the_o proper_a phrase_n of_o speech_n be_v that_o he_o be_v thereof_o seize_v but_o if_o it_o be_v for_o year_n only_o than_o he_o be_v thereof_o possess_v but_o yet_o nevertheless_o the_o substantive_n possession_n be_v proper_a as_o well_o to_o the_o one_o as_o to_o the_o other_o reversion_n a_o reversion_n be_v proper_o a_o estate_n which_o the_o law_n reserve_v to_o the_o donor_n grantor_n or_o lessor_n or_o such_o like_a which_o he_o do_v dispose_v parcel_n of_o his_o estate_n when_o he_o do_v dispose_v less_o estate_n in_o law_n then_o that_o whereof_o he_o be_v seize_v at_o the_o time_n of_o such_o disposition_n as_o if_o a_o man_n seize_v of_o land_n in_o fee_n do_v give_v the_o same_o to_o another_o and_o the_o heir_n of_o his_o body_n or_o if_o he_o do_v dismiss_v the_o same_o for_o life_n or_o year_n in_o these_o case_n the_o same_o reserve_v the_o reversion_n thereof_o in_o fee_n to_o the_o donor_n or_o lessor_n and_o his_o heir_n because_o he_o depart_v not_o with_o his_o whole_a estate_n but_o only_o with_o a_o particular_a estate_n which_o be_v less_o than_o his_o estate_n in_o fee_n and_o such_o reversion_n be_v say_v to_o be_v expectance_n upon_o the_o particular_a estate_n also_o if_o he_o that_o be_v but_o tenant_n for_o life_n for_o land_n and_o do_v by_o deed_n or_o paroll_n give_v the_o same_o s._n in_o tail_n or_o for_o term_v of_o his_o life_n which_o be_v a_o great_a estate_n than_o he_o may_v lawful_o dispose_v in_o this_o case_n the_o law_n reserve_v a_o reversion_n in_o fee_n in_o such_o donor_n though_o he_o be_v former_o but_o tenant_n for_o life_n and_o the_o reason_n thereof_o be_v for_o that_o by_o such_o unlawful_a disposition_n which_o by_o deed_n or_o word_n can_v be_v without_o livery_n and_o seisin_n he_o do_v by_o wrong_n pluck_v out_o the_o rightful_a state_n in_o fee_n from_o he_o that_o be_v thereof_o former_o seize_v in_o reversion_n or_o remainder_n and_o thereof_o by_o a_o priority_n of_o time_n gain_v in_o a_o instance_n he_o be_v seize_v of_o a_o fee_n simple_a at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o executon_n thereof_o but_o if_o a_o man_n seize_v of_o land_n in_o fee_n simple_a give_v the_o same_o to_o a._n and_o his_o heir_n until_o b._n do_v die_v without_o heir_n of_o his_o body_n in_o this_o case_n the_o law_n reserve_v no_o reversion_n in_o the_o donor_n because_o the_o state_n be_v dispose_v to_o a._n be_v a_o fee_n simple_a determinable_a be_v in_o nature_n so_o great_a as_o the_o state_n which_o the_o donor_n have_v at_o the_o time_n of_o such_o gift_n and_o consequent_o he_o depart_v thereby_o with_o all_o his_o state_n and_o thereby_o a_o apparent_a difference_n be_v between_o a_o gift_n make_v to_o a._n and_o the_o heir_n of_o his_o own_o body_n and_o a_o gift_n make_v
to_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n until_o b._n die_v without_o heir_n of_o his_o body_n for_o in_o the_o one_o case_n the_o donor_n have_v but_o a_o estate_n tail_n and_o in_o the_o other_o a_o fee_n simple_a determinable_a have_v a_o possibility_n of_o revertor_n for_o if_o b._n die_v without_o heir_n of_o his_o body_n then_o whether_o a._n be_v live_v or_o dead_a shall_v revert_v to_o the_o donor_n but_o such_o possibility_n of_o reversion_n for_o he_o that_o have_v but_o such_o a_o possibility_n have_v no_o estate_n nor_o have_v he_o power_n to_o give_v his_o possibility_n but_o in_o the_o other_o case_n the_o donor_n have_v estate_n in_o fee_n and_o therefore_o he_o have_v power_n to_o dispose_v thereof_o at_o his_o pleasure_n remainder_n a_o remainder_n be_v a_o remnant_n of_o a_o estate_n dispose_v to_o another_o at_o the_o time_n of_o creation_n of_o such_o particular_a estate_n whereupon_o it_o do_v depend_v as_o if_o s._n seize_v of_o land_n in_o fee_n demise_v the_o same_o to_o b._n for_o life_n the_o remainder_n to_o c._n and_o the_o heir_n of_o his_o body_n the_o remainder_n to_o d._n and_o his_o heir_n in_o this_o case_n i._o s._n have_v a_o particular_a estate_n of_o the_o lessor_n be_v then_o also_o dispose_v to_o c._n and_o d._n ut_fw-la supra_fw-la whereby_o b._n have_v a_o estate_n for_o life_n c._n a_o remainder_n in_o tail_n and_o d._n a_o remainder_n in_o fee_n depend_v in_o order_n upon_o the_o particular_a estate_n in_o possession_n and_o in_o every_o remainder_n five_o thing_n be_v requisite_a first_o that_o it_o depend_v upon_o some_o particular_a estate_n second_o that_o it_o pass_v out_o of_o the_o grantor_n donor_n or_o lessor_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o creation_n of_o the_o particular_a estate_n whereon_o it_o must_v depend_v three_o that_o it_o veste_fw-la during_o the_o particular_a estate_n or_o at_o the_o instant_a time_n of_o the_o determination_n thereof_o four_o that_o when_o the_o particular_a estate_n be_v create_v there_o be_v a_o remnant_n of_o a_o estate_n leave_v to_o the_o donor_n to_o be_v give_v by_o way_n of_o remainder_n five_o that_o the_o person_n or_o body_n to_o who_o the_o remainder_n be_v limit_v be_v either_o capable_a at_o the_o time_n of_o limitation_n thereof_o or_o else_o in_o potentia_fw-la propanqua_fw-la to_o be_v thereof_o capable_a during_o the_o particular_a estate_n if_o land_n be_v give_v to_o i._n s._n and_o his_o heir_n the_o remainder_n for_o default_n of_o such_o heir_n to_o i._o d._n and_o his_o heir_n that_o remainder_n be_v void_a because_o it_o do_v not_o depend_v upon_o any_o particular_a estate_n but_o if_o land_n be_v give_v to_o i._n d._n the_o life_n of_o i._o d._n the_o remainder_n to_o i._o b._n his_o remainder_n be_v good_a for_o it_o be_v not_o limit_v to_o depend_v upon_o a_o fee-simple_n but_o upon_o a_o particular_a estate_n which_o be_v only_o call_v a_o estate_n for_o life_n of_o i._o b._n descendable_a if_o land_n be_v give_v to_o b._n for_o 11._o year_n if_o c._n do_v so_o long_o live_v the_o remainder_n after_o the_o death_n of_o c._n to_o d._n in_o fee_n this_o remainder_n be_v void_a for_o in_o this_o case_n it_o can_v pass_v out_o of_o the_o lessor_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o creation_n of_o the_o particular_a estate_n for_o year_n but_o if_o a_o lease_n be_v make_v to_o b._n for_o life_n the_o remainder_n to_o the_o heir_n of_o c._n who_o be_v then_o live_a this_o remainder_n be_v good_a upon_o a_o contingency_n that_o if_o c._n die_v in_o the_o life_n of_o b._n for_o that_o remainder_n may_v well_o pass_v out_o of_o the_o leassor_n present_o without_o be_v yaunce_n without_o any_o inconveniency_n because_o only_o the_o inheritance_n separate_v from_o the_o freehold_n be_v in_o abeyance_n if_o land_n be_v give_v for_o life_n with_o a_o remainder_n to_o the_o right_a heir_n of_o i._o s._n and_o the_o tenant_n for_o life_n die_v in_o the_o life_n of_o i._o s._n this_o remainder_n be_v void_a because_o it_o die_v not_o vest_n or_o settle_a either_o during_o the_o particular_a estate_n or_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o determination_n thereof_o for_o until_o i._o s._n die_v no_o person_n be_v thereof_o capable_a by_o the_o name_n of_o the_o heir_n but_o if_o land_n be_v give_v to_o i._n s._n for_o term_n of_o his_o life_n the_o remainder_n to_o his_o right_a heir_n in_o the_o singular_a number_n and_o the_o heir_n of_o his_o body_n and_o after_o i._o s._n have_v issue_v a_o son_n and_o die_v that_o be_v a_o good_a remainder_n and_o the_o son_n have_v thereby_o a_o estate_n tail_n for_o although_o it_o be_v unpossible_a that_o such_o remainder_n shall_v vest_n during_o the_o particular_a estate_n because_o during_o his_o life_n none_o can_v be_v his_o heir_n yet_o it_o may_v be_v and_o do_v vest_n at_o the_o instant_n of_o his_o death_n which_o be_v at_o the_o time_n of_o his_o determination_n of_o the_o particular_a estate_n concern_v the_o four_o thing_n if_o a_o man_n seize_v of_o land_n in_o fee_n grant_v out_o of_o the_o same_o a_o rent_n or_o common_a to_o pasture_n or_o such_o like_a thing_n which_o before_o the_o grant_n have_v no_o be_v to_o i._o s._n for_o term_n of_o life_n the_o remainder_n to_o i._o d._n in_o fee_n this_o remainder_n be_v void_a because_o of_o this_o thing_n grant_v there_o be_v no_o remnant_n in_o the_o grant_n to_o dispose_v and_o because_o some_o heretofore_o have_v be_v of_o opinion_n that_o albeit_o the_o same_o can_v take_v no_o effect_n as_o another_o grant_n of_o a_o new_a rent_n or_o common_a vtres_fw-la magis_fw-la valeat_fw-la quam_fw-la operat_fw-la this_o be_v a_o rule_n in_o law_n that_o a_o thing_n enjoy_v in_o a_o superior_a degree_n shall_v not_o pass_v under_o the_o name_n of_o a_o thing_n in_o any_o inferior_a degree_n and_o therefore_o if_o land_n be_v give_v unto_o two_o person_n and_o unto_o the_o heir_n of_o one_o of_o they_o unto_o the_o husband_n and_o wife_n and_o heir_n of_o the_o husband_n and_o he_o that_o have_v the_o estate_n of_o inheritance_n grant_v the_o version_n of_o the_o same_o land_n to_o another_o in_o fee_n such_o grant_n be_v void_a because_o the_o grantor_n be_v thereof_o seize_v in_o a_o superior_a degree_n viz._n in_o possession_n and_o not_o in_o reversion_n as_o appear_v 22._o ed._n 4._o fol._n 2_o &_o 13._o ed._n 3._o brook_n title_n of_o grant_n 137._o and_o concern_v the_o first_o and_o last_o thing_n if_o a_o lease_n be_v make_v of_o land_n for_o term_v of_o life_n the_o remainder_n to_o the_o major_a and_o commonalty_n of_o d._n whereas_o there_o be_v no_o such_o corporation_n therein_o be_v this_o remainder_n be_v mere_o void_a albeit_o the_o king_n majesty_n by_o his_o letter_n patent_n do_v create_v such_o corporation_n during_o the_o particular_a estate_n for_o at_o the_o time_n of_o such_o grant_n the_o remainder_n be_v void_a because_o then_o there_o be_v no_o such_o body_n corporate_a thereof_o capable_a or_o potentia_fw-la propanqua_fw-la to_o be_v create_v and_o make_v capable_a thereof_o during_o the_o particular_a estate_n but_o the_o possibility_n thereof_o be_v then_o foreign_a and_o probable_o intend_v the_o like_a law_n be_v if_o a_o remainder_n be_v limit_v to_o i._o the_o son_n of_o t._n s._n who_o have_v then_o no_o son_n and_o afterward_o during_o the_o particular_a estate_n a_o son_n be_v bear_v who_o be_v name_v john_n yet_o this_o remainder_n be_v void_a for_o at_o the_o time_n of_o such_o a_o grant_n as_o be_v not_o to_o be_v probable_o in_o tender_a that_o t._n s._n shall_v have_v any_o son_n of_o that_o name_n also_o before_o the_o dissolution_n of_o abbey_n if_o a_o lease_n of_o land_n be_v make_v to_o i._o s._n for_o life_n the_o remainder_n to_o one_o that_o then_o be_v a_o monk_n such_o remainder_n be_v void_a for_o the_o cause_n before_o allege_v albeit_o we_o be_v deraign_v during_o the_o particular_a estate_n but_o if_o such_o remainder_n have_v be_v limit_v to_o the_o first_o beget_v son_n of_o i._n s._n it_o have_v be_v good_a and_o shall_v according_o have_v vest_v in_o such_o a_o son_n afterward_o bear_v during_o the_o particular_a estate_n right_n a_o right_n in_o land_n be_v either_o clothe_v or_o naked_a a_o right_o clothe_v be_v when_o it_o be_v wrap_v in_o a_o possession_n reversion_n or_o remainder_n a_o naked_a right_n which_o be_v also_o most_o common_o call_v a_o right_n be_v when_o the_o same_o be_v separate_v from_o the_o possession_n or_o remainder_n by_o dissessin_n discontinuance_n or_o the_o divest_v and_o separate_v of_o the_o possession_n as_o for_o example_n if_o a_o lease_n of_o land_n be_v make_v for_o life_n to_o i._o s._n the_o remainder_n to_o i._o d._n in_o fee_n in_o this_o case_n i._o s._n have_v a_o right_o clothe_v with_o a_o remainder_n
but_o if_o a_o strange_a that_o have_v no_o right_a or_o title_n do_v in_o the_o same_o case_n enter_v into_o the_o land_n by_o wrong_n and_o put_v i._o s._n out_o of_o possession_n such_o entry_n by_o wrong_n be_v call_v a_o disseisin_n and_o therefore_o the_o possession_n be_v move_v from_o the_o right_n by_o reason_n thereof_o the_o disseisor_n be_v seize_v of_o the_o land_n and_o i._o d._n have_v also_o the_o like_a naked_a clothing_n to_o the_o remainder_n by_o such_o dissessin_n be_v likewise_o devest_v and_o pluck_v out_o of_o he_o can_v be_v reve_v in_o he_o during_o the_o right_n of_o such_o particular_a estate_n unless_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o particular_a tenement_n but_o therewith_o reve_v which_o must_v be_v by_o this_o entry_n or_o recovery_n by_o action_n and_o by_o such_o entry_n of_o the_o particular_a tenement_n or_o by_o his_o recovery_n with_o execution_n the_o remainder_n shall_v be_v invest_v as_o well_o as_o the_o particular_a estate_n and_o so_o there_o be_v a_o right_n in_o good_n and_o chattel_n as_o well_o as_o land_n tenement_n and_o hereditament_n which_o be_v also_o clothe_v with_o a_o possession_n so_o long_o as_o the_o rightful_a proprietor_n have_v the_o same_o but_o if_o another_o do_v take_v they_o from_o he_o by_o wrong_n he_o now_o have_v only_o a_o naked_a right_n to_o the_o same_o which_o can_v be_v by_o he_o grant_v for_o the_o cause_n before_o allege_v but_o yet_o he_o may_v release_v his_o right_n there_o unto_o he_o that_o be_v thereof_o possess_v for_o the_o same_o reason_n that_o be_v before_o allege_v if_o a_o release_n of_o right_n happen_v to_o be_v forfeit_v to_o the_o king_n his_o highness_n may_v grant_v the_o same_o by_o his_o prerogative_n finis_fw-la certain_a observation_n concern_v a_o deed_n of_o feoffament_n by_o t._n h._n gent._n cujus_fw-la posse_fw-la est_fw-la velle_fw-la london_n print_v anno_fw-la dom._n 1651._o certain_a observation_n concern_v a_o deed_n of_o feoffament_n the_o premise_n you_o may_v find_v in_o the_o premise_n first_o the_o direct_a nomination_n as_o well_o of_o the_o feoffor_a as_o of_o the_o feoffee_n together_o with_o their_o place_n of_o residence_n habitation_n or_o dwelling_n and_o their_o quality_n estate_n addition_n or_o condition_n second_o the_o certain_a expressement_n and_o set_v down_o of_o the_o land_n convey_v in_o com._n norff._n comitatus_fw-la dicitur_fw-la a_o comitando_fw-la of_o accompany_v together_o for_o general_o at_o assize_n and_o session_n those_o of_o that_o county_n where_o such_o assize_n or_o session_n be_v keep_v use_n to_o be_v empanel_v upon_o juries_n etc._n etc._n for_o trial_n of_o issue_n take_v upon_o the_o fact_n betwixt_o party_n and_o party_n and_o not_o those_o in_o another_o county_n and_o it_o be_v a_o common_a presumption_n that_o all_o person_n within_o their_o county_n take_v notice_n of_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v there_o public_o do_v hereupon_o it_o happen_v that_o where_o land_n etc._n etc._n lie_v in_o divers_a county_n if_o they_o be_v convey_v by_o feoffament_n etc._n etc._n livery_n of_o seisin_n must_v be_v make_v in_o every_o county_n where_o any_o parcel_n of_o the_o land_n etc._n etc._n do_v lie_v otherwise_o it_o be_v of_o two_o parcel_n of_o land_n in_o one_o and_o the_o same_o county_n the_o name_n county_n be_v in_o understand_v all_o one_o with_o shire_n which_o be_v so_o call_v from_o divide_v and_o either_o of_o they_o contain_v a_o certain_a portion_n of_o the_o realm_n which_o be_v part_v into_o county_n or_o shire_n for_o the_o better_a government_n thereof_o and_o the_o more_o easy_a administration_n of_o justice_n hence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o there_o be_v no_o parcel_n of_o this_o kingdom_n which_o lie_v not_o within_o the_o circuit_n or_o precinct_n of_o some_o county_n or_o shire_n there_o be_v reckon_v in_o england_n 41_o county_n or_o shire_n and_o in_o wales_n 12._o the_o county_n of_o norfolk_n lie_v northward_o be_v so_o call_v in_o opposition_n to_o suffolk_n which_o lie_v towards_o the_o south_n each_o one_o in_o respect_n of_o other_o gain_v his_o name_n the_o addition_n give_v to_o the_o feoffor_a you_o may_v perceive_v to_o be_v yeoman_n the_o etymology_n whereof_o mr._n verstegan_n fetch_v from_o gemen_n a_o word_n ancient_o use_v among_o the_o teutonic_n which_o as_o my_o author_n say_v signify_v vulgar_a or_o common_a and_o so_o the_o letter_n g._n by_o corruption_n be_v turn_v into_o the_o letter_n y._n instead_o of_o gemen_n we_o say_v and_o read_v yemen_n or_o yeoman_n other_o how_o probable_o i_o dare_v not_o affirm_v derive_v it_o by_o contraction_n from_o these_o two_o word_n viz._n young_a men._n famous_a master_n cambden_n in_o his_o britannia_n after_o he_o have_v reckon_v up_o sundry_a degree_n both_o of_o nobility_n and_o gentry_n rank_v yeoman_n in_o order_n next_o gentleman_n name_v they_o ingenuous_a in_o which_o sense_n i_o apprehend_v yeoman_n to_o be_v mention_v in_o a_o certain_a statute_n make_v 16_o r._n 2._o and_o in_o divers_a other_o statute_n and_o although_o the_o derivation_n of_o word_n be_v convenient_o require_v in_o the_o law_n &_o in_o every_o liberal_a science_n for_o ignoratis_fw-la termiignoratur_fw-la &_o ars_fw-la yet_o to_o use_v the_o expression_n of_o a_o learned_a divine_a though_o speak_v in_o another_o case_n melius_n est_fw-la dubitare_fw-la de_fw-fr occultis_fw-la quam_fw-la litigare_fw-la de_fw-la incertis_fw-la so_o i_o must_v leave_v you_o to_o your_o own_o conceit_n concern_v the_o original_n of_o the_o word_n yeoman_n have_v only_o set_v you_o down_o one_o or_o two_o opinion_n about_o it_o however_o i_o must_v not_o forget_v what_o sir_n thomas_n smith_n say_v in_o his_o repub._n anglorum_fw-la who_o very_o true_o and_o proper_o call_v he_o a_o yeoman_n who_o the_o law_n of_o england_n call_v legalem_fw-la hominem_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o free_a man_n bear_v and_o m._n lambert_n in_o his_o eirenarcha_fw-la will_v excellent_o inform_v you_o who_o be_v and_o who_o be_v not_o probi_fw-la &_o legales_fw-la homines_fw-la there_o be_v no_o special_a but_o only_o a_o general_a consideration_n express_v in_o the_o feoffament_n neither_o of_o which_o as_o i_o conceive_v be_v in_o such_o case_n absolute_o material_a though_o i_o may_v say_v formal_a in_o regard_n of_o the_o notoriety_n of_o deed_n of_o feoffament_n etc._n etc._n for_o livery_n and_o seisin_n as_o shall_v be_v say_v afterward_o be_v essential_o require_v to_o make_v they_o perfect_a which_o can_v be_v without_o the_o knowledge_n of_o other_o beside_o the_o party_n themselves_o and_o a_o feoffament_n do_v thereby_o always_o import_v a_o free_a and_o willing_a consent_n otherwise_o peradventure_o it_o may_v have_v happen_v in_o a_o bargain_n and_o sale_n before_o 27._o h._n 8._o cap._n 16._o for_o the_o better_a illustration_n whereof_o take_v this_o example_n you_o and_o another_o man_n agree_v together_o theat_v you_o shall_v give_v he_o a_o certain_a sum_n of_o money_n for_o a_o parcel_n of_o land_n and_o that_o he_o shall_v make_v you_o a_o assurance_n of_o it_o you_o pay_v he_o the_o money_n but_o he_o make_v you_o no_o assurance_n in_o this_o case_n although_o the_o state_n of_o the_o land_n be_v still_o in_o he_o nevertheless_o the_o equity_n in_o conscientia_fw-la boni_fw-la viri_fw-la be_v with_o you_o which_o equity_n be_v call_v the_o use_n for_o which_o until_o the_o 27._o h._n 8._o cap._n 10._o there_o be_v no_o remedy_n as_o say_v sir_n francis_n bacon_n and_o that_o very_o true_o except_o in_o the_o court_n of_o chancery_n but_o the_o same_o statute_n conjoyn_v and_o annex_v the_o land_n and_o the_o use_n together_o so_o you_o by_o this_o mean_n for_o the_o consideration_n have_v the_o land_n itself_o without_o any_o further_a conveyance_n which_o be_v call_v a_o bargain_n and_o sale_n but_o those_o grave_a senator_n and_o worthy_a state_n man_n who_o make_v the_o say_a act_n of_o the_o 2d_o h._n 8._o cap._n 10._o for_o the_o transfer_v of_o use_n into_o possession_n wise_o foreseeing_a that_o it_o will_v be_v very_o inconvenient_a and_o prejudicious_a nay_o mischevous_a that_o man_n possession_n shall_v upon_o such_o a_o sudden_a by_o the_o payment_n of_o a_o little_a money_n be_v transport_v from_o they_o and_o perhaps_o in_o a_o tavern_n or_o alehouse_n and_o upon_o straynable_a advantage_n do_v discreet_o provide_v in_o the_o same_o parliament_n the_o say_a act_n of_o 27._o h._n 8._o cap._n 16._o that_o land_n etc._n etc._n upon_o the_o payment_n of_o money_n as_o aforesaid_a shall_v not_o pass_v without_o a_o deed_n indent_a and_o enrol_v as_o by_o the_o purport_n of_o the_o same_o act_n may_v appear_v now_o see_v that_o before_o the_o say_a act_n of_o 27_o h._n 8._o c._n 16._o land_n may_v pass_v by_o bargain_n and_o sale_n upon_o consideration_n without_o deed_n indent_v and_o enrol_v and_o may_v not_o pass_v without_o consideration_n in_o such_o
manner_n therefore_o i_o have_v hear_v lawyer_n say_v that_o consideration_n be_v still_o require_v in_o a_o bargain_n and_o sale_n though_o it_o be_v by_o deed_n indent_a and_o enrol_v according_a to_o the_o same_o statute_n sure_o i_o be_o that_o regular_o in_o a_o deed_n of_o feoffament_n it_o be_v not_o so_o as_o former_o be_v declare_v and_o for_o the_o reason_n before_o express_v dedisse_fw-la the_o word_n dedi_fw-la by_o force_n of_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n make_v 4._o ed._n 1._o c._n 4._o common_o call_v the_o statute_n de_fw-fr bigamis_fw-la imply_v a_o warranty_n to_o the_o feoffee_n and_o his_o heir_n during_o the_o life_n of_o the_o feoffor_a whereupon_o fitz_n herbert_n in_o his_o natura_fw-la brevium_fw-la foe_fw-mi 134._o h._n put_v a_o case_n to_o this_o effect_n viz._n if_o a_o man_n give_v land_n to_o one_o in_o fee_n by_o deed_n by_o the_o word_n dedi_fw-la concessi_fw-la etc._n etc._n hereby_o he_o shall_v be_v bind_v to_o warrant_v the_o land_n of_o the_o feoffee_n by_o virtue_n of_o those_o word_n and_o if_o the_o feoffee_n be_v implead_v he_o shall_v have_v his_o writ_n of_o warrant_n '_o chart._n against_o the_o feoffor_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o word_n dedi_fw-la concessi_fw-la etc._n etc._n but_o not_o against_o his_o heir_n for_o the_o heir_n shall_v not_o be_v bind_v to_o warranty_n except_o the_o father_n bind_v himself_o and_o his_o heir_n to_o warranty_n etc._n etc._n by_o express_v word_n in_o the_o deed_n i_o know_v some_o allege_v that_o because_o as_o well_o the_o statute_n as_o fitzh_n mention_v not_o only_a dedi_fw-la but_o concessi_fw-la also_o therefore_o the_o one_o without_o the_o other_o imply_v no_o warranty_n to_o who_o it_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o the_o statute_n itself_o do_v plain_o prove_v against_o they_o for_o the_o conclusion_n thereof_o have_v these_o word_n ipse_fw-la tamen_fw-la feoffator_fw-la invita_fw-la sua_fw-la ratione_fw-la proprii_fw-la doni_fw-la svi_fw-la tenetur_fw-la warrantizare_fw-la and_o also_o the_o testimony_n of_o sir_n edward_n coke_n may_v be_v produce_v herein_o who_o affirm_v that_o the_o statute_n of_o bigamis_fw-la anno_fw-la 14._o eliz._n in_o the_o court_n of_o common_a plea_n be_v expound_v as_o above_o be_v mention_v namely_o that_o dedi_fw-la do_v imply_v the_o warranty_n and_o mr._n perkins_n cap._n 2._o say_v that_o dedi_fw-la in_o a_o deed_n of_o feoffament_n comprehend_v in_o it_o a_o warranty_n against_o the_o feoffor_a and_o so_o do_v not_o the_o word_n concessi_fw-la concessisse_fw-la i_o conceive_v the_o word_n concessi_fw-la in_o feoffament_n and_o grant_n the_o employ_v warranty_n except_v which_o dedi_fw-la create_v to_o be_v of_o the_o same_o effect_n with_o dedi_fw-la &_o also_o with_o confirmavi_fw-la especial_o in_o some_o case_n to_o which_o purpose_n hear_v what_o littleton_n speak_v in_o his_o chapter_n of_o discontinuance_n also_o say_v he_o in_o some_o case_n this_o verb_n dedi_fw-la or_o this_o verb_n concessi_fw-la have_v the_o same_o effect_n in_o substance_n and_o shall_v enure_v to_o the_o same_o intent_n as_o the_o verb_n confirmavi_fw-la as_o if_o i_o be_v disseise_v of_o a_o carve_v of_o land_n and_o i_o make_v such_o a_o deed_n sciant_fw-la present_n etc._n etc._n quod_fw-la dedi_fw-la to_o the_o disseisor_n etc._n etc._n or_o quod_fw-la concessi_fw-la to_o the_o say_a disseisor_n the_o say_v carve_v etc._n etc._n and_o i_o deliver_v only_o the_o deed_n to_o he_o without_o any_o livery_n of_o seisin_n of_o the_o land_n this_o be_v a_o good_a confirmation_n and_o as_o strong_a in_o law_n as_o if_o there_o have_v be_v in_o the_o deed_n this_o verb_n confirmavi_fw-la etc._n etc._n liberasse_fw-la the_o word_n liberavi_fw-la i_o take_v to_o be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n with_o tradidi_fw-la which_o i_o have_v often_o see_v in_o feoffament_n whereof_o it_o be_v remarkable_a that_o hephron_n the_o hittite_n when_o he_o assure_v the_o field_n of_o machpelah_n to_o abraham_n gen._n 32._o 11._o use_v the_o word_n trado_fw-la agrum_fw-la trado_fw-la tibi_fw-la that_o be_v to_o abraham_n as_o hieromes_n translation_n read_v it_o feoffasse_n this_o word_n come_v from_o feudum_fw-la or_o feodum_fw-la which_o signify_v fee_n and_o be_v always_o or_o for_o the_o most_o part_n use_v in_o feoffament_n as_o participate_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n confirmasse_fw-la concern_v the_o word_n confirmo_fw-la somewhat_o may_v be_v gather_v from_o what_o have_v be_v speak_v about_o the_o verb_n concessisse_fw-la yet_o i_o can_v forget_v how_o hierome_n render_v the_o expresment_n of_o the_o say_a assurance_n of_o the_o say_a field_n of_o machpelah_n to_o abraham_n for_o a_o possession_n in_o these_o word_n co_fw-la firmatus_fw-la est_fw-la agre_z etc._n etc._n gen._n 23._o 17._o and_o now_o i_o come_v to_o the_o second_o thing_n considerable_a in_o the_o premise_n namely_o the_o feoffee_n who_o addition_n be_v gentroso_fw-la gentroso_fw-la generosus_fw-la in_o english_a we_o read_v gentleman_n which_o some_o derive_v from_o the_o two_o french_a word_n gentil-houme_a denote_v such_o a_o one_o as_o be_v make_v know_v by_o his_o birth_n stock_n and_o race_n sir_n tho._n smith_n call_v all_o those_o gentleman_n that_o be_v above_o the_o degree_n of_o yeoman_n whence_o it_o may_v be_v conclude_v that_o every_o nobleman_n may_v be_v right_o term_v a_o gentleman_n sed_fw-la non_fw-la with_fw-mi verse_v master_n cowel_n conceive_v the_o reason_n of_o the_o appellation_n to_o grow_v because_o they_o observe_v gentilitatem_fw-la svam_fw-la the_o propagation_n of_o their_o blood_n by_o give_v or_o bear_v of_o arm_n whereby_o they_o be_v difference_v from_o other_o and_o show_v from_o what_o family_n they_o be_v descend_v haeredi_n &_o assignatis_fw-la suis_fw-la some_o will_n have_v a_o heir_n so_o call_v quia_fw-la haeret_fw-la in_o haereditate_fw-la or_o quia_fw-la haeret_fw-la in_o se_fw-la haereditas_fw-la but_o to_o let_v such_o conceit_n of_o witty_a invention_n pass_v it_o be_v certain_a that_o a_o heir_n be_v so_o call_v from_o the_o latin_a word_n haeres_fw-la littleton_n in_o his_o chap._n of_o fee-simple_n say_v that_o these_o word_n his_o heir_n only_o make_v the_o estate_n of_o inheritance_n in_o all_o feoffament_n and_o grant_n etc._n etc._n sure_o then_o it_o be_v necessary_a for_o he_o that_o purchase_v land_n etc._n etc._n in_o fee_n simple_a to_o have_v the_o feoffament_v run_v to_o himself_o &_o haeredibus_fw-la suis_fw-la for_o if_o it_o run_v only_o to_o himself_o &_o assignatis_fw-la suis_fw-la although_o livery_n and_o seisin_n be_v make_v according_o and_o agreeable_a to_o the_o deed_n yet_o thereby_o only_o a_o estate_n for_o life_n shall_v pass_v because_o there_o want_v word_n of_o inheritance_n and_o without_o livery_n and_o seisin_n in_o the_o case_n aforesaid_a only_o a_o estate_n at_o will_n shall_v pass_v and_o the_o reason_n why_o the_o law_n be_v so_o strict_a in_o this_o thing_n as_o in_o many_o other_o for_o to_o prescribe_v and_o appoint_v such_o certain_a word_n to_o create_v and_o make_v a_o estate_n of_o inheritance_n be_v as_o master_n plowden_n say_v in_o his_o commentary_n for_o the_o eschew_v and_o avoid_v of_o incertainty_n the_o very_a fountain_n and_o spring_n from_o whence_o flow_v all_o manner_n of_o confusion_n and_o disorder_n which_o the_o law_n utter_o contemn_v and_o abhor_v what_o herein_o have_v be_v say_v be_v to_o be_v apprehend_v and_o understand_v of_o person_n in_o and_o according_a to_o their_o natural_a capacity_n yet_o perhaps_o a_o estate_n of_o inheritance_n may_v sometime_o pass_v in_o a_o deed_n of_o feoffament_n by_o word_n which_o may_v have_v reference_n and_o will_v relate_v to_o a_o certainty_n for_o certume_a quod_fw-la certum_fw-la reddi_fw-la potest_fw-la as_o for_o example_n you_o enfeoffe_v i_o and_o my_o heir_n of_o a_o certain_a piece_n of_o land_n to_o hold_v to_o i_o &_o my_o heir_n etc._n etc._n and_o i_o re-enfeoffe_a you_o in_o as_o large_a ample_a and_o beneficial_a manner_n as_o you_o enfeoff_v i_o in_o this_o case_n they_o say_v you_o have_v a_o fee_n simple_a for_o the_o reason_n above_o express_v so_o i_o come_v next_o to_o see_v what_o observation_n the_o deed_n of_o feoffament_n further_o afford_v totam_fw-la ill_o pec_fw-la three_fw-mi cont_n very_o necessary_a and_o convenient_a it_o be_v in_o deed_n of_o feoffament_n etc._n etc._n to_o have_v the_o land_n etc._n etc._n thereby_o intend_v to_o be_v convey_v certain_o and_o express_o to_o be_v set_v down_o aswell_o how_o much_o by_o estimation_n in_o quantity_n they_o do_v contain_v as_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o same_o whether_o meadow_n pasture_n etc._n etc._n be_v the_o species_n of_o land_n which_o be_v the_o genus_fw-la and_o the_o place_n where_o and_o manner_n how_o they_o exist_v and_o lie_v the_o better_a to_o shun_v and_o avoid_v doubt_n and_o ambiguity_n which_o oftentimes_o stir_v up_o occasion_n of_o unkind_a suit_n and_o contention_n betwixt_o party_n and_o party_n i_o know_v that_o grammarian_n read_v the_o word_n peciam_fw-la will_v be_v ready_a
be_v grant_v joynt-tenant_n may_v have_v several_a estate_n a_o joynt-tenant_n can_v grant_v a_o rent-charge_n but_o for_o term_v of_o his_o own_o life_n a_o joynt-tenant_n may_v make_v a_o lease_n for_o life_n or_o for_o year_n of_o his_o part_n or_o release_v and_o the_o lessee_n for_o year_n may_v enter_v although_o the_o lessor_n die_v before_o the_o lease_n begin_v and_o his_o heir_n shall_v have_v the_o rent_n but_o the_o survivor_n the_o reversion_n a_o joynt-tenant_n may_v have_v a_o writ_n of_o partition_n by_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 31._o of_o h._n 8._o cap._n 32._o a_o partition_n make_v by_o joynt-tenant_n or_o tenant_n in_o common_a of_o estate_n of_o inheritance_n must_v be_v by_o indenture_n by_o word_n it_o be_v void_a chap._n vii_o tenant_n in_o common_a tenant_n in_o common_a be_v those_o that_o hold_v land_n and_o tenement_n by_o several_a title_n they_o may_v join_v in_o action_n personal_a but_o they_o must_v have_v several_a action_n real_a they_o may_v have_v a_o writ_n of_o partition_n by_o the_o stat._n of_o 31._o h._n 8._o cap._n 32._o if_o one_o parcener_n joynt-tenant_n or_o tenant_n in_o common_a take_v all_o the_o other_o have_v no_o remedy_n but_o by_o ejectione_n firm_a or_o such_o like_a or_o waste_v gavil-kinde-land_n tenant_n by_o the_o courtesy_n of_o kent_n whether_o he_o have_v issue_n or_o no_o until_o he_o marry_v and_o so_o forth_o he_o may_v not_o commit_v waste_a chap._n viii_o tenant_n in_o dower_n a_o woman_n shall_v be_v endow_v of_o all_o sort_n of_o inheritance_n of_o her_o husband_n where_o the_o issue_n that_o she_o have_v by_o he_o may_v inherit_v as_o heir_n to_o his_o father_n by_o meet_v and_o bound_n of_o a_o three_o part_n she_o shall_v have_v houseroom_n and_o meat_n and_o drink_v in_o common_a for_o forty_o day_n but_o she_o may_v not_o kill_v a_o bullock_n within_o those_o 40._o day_n after_o the_o death_n of_o her_o husband_n in_o which_o time_n her_o dower_n ought_v to_o be_v assign_v she_o the_o assignment_n by_o he_o that_o have_v the_o franktenement_n be_v good_a but_o by_o he_o that_o be_v guardian_n in_o soccage_n or_o tenant_n by_o elegit_fw-la verte_a elegit_fw-la or_o statute_n or_o lessee_n for_o year_n be_v not_o she_o be_v to_o demand_v her_o dower_n on_o the_o land_n she_o shall_v recover_v damage_n when_o her_o husband_n die_v seize_v from_o the_o death_n of_o her_o husband_n if_o the_o heir_n be_v not_o ready_a at_o the_o first_o day_n to_o assign_v her_o dower_n she_o shall_v have_v all_o her_o chattel_n real_a again_o execept_n her_o husband_n sell_v they_o he_o may_v not_o charge_v they_o or_o give_v they_o by_o his_o will_n and_o likewise_o her_o bond_n if_o the_o money_n be_v due_a in_o the_o life_n of_o her_o husband_n and_o all_o convenient_a apparel_n but_o if_o she_o have_v more_o than_o be_v fit_a for_o her_o degree_n it_o will_v be_v asset_n a_o woman_n shall_v be_v bar_v of_o her_o dower_n so_o long_o as_o she_o detain_v the_o body_n of_o the_o heir_n be_v ward_n or_o the_o write_n of_o the_o son_n land_n a_o woman_n shall_v not_o be_v endow_v of_o any_o land_n that_o her_o husband_n joint_o hold_v with_o another_o at_o the_o time_n of_o his_o death_n dower_n of_o gavil-kind_n land_n if_o the_o woman_n shall_v be_v endow_v of_o one_o half_a so_o long_o as_o she_o be_v unmarried_a and_o chaste_a and_o it_o may_v be_v hold_v with_o the_o heir_n in_o common_a it_o be_v of_o land_n and_o tenement_n and_o not_o of_o a_o fair_a or_o such_o like_a where_o the_o heir_n lose_v not_o his_o inheritance_n there_o she_o lose_v not_o her_o dower_n jointure_n if_o a_o woman_n have_v a_o jointure_n be_v before_o marriage_n she_o may_v claim_v no_o dower_n 27._o hen._n 8._o if_o it_o be_v make_v during_o marriage_n she_o may_v enter_v into_o her_o jointure_n present_o if_o she_o enter_v or_o accept_v of_o it_o she_o shall_v not_o be_v endow_v if_o she_o shall_v be_v expulse_v of_o any_o part_n of_o her_o jointure_n she_o shall_v be_v endow_v of_o the_o residue_n of_o her_o husband_n land_n chap_n ix_o tenant_n for_o term_n of_o life_n tenant_n for_o term_n of_o life_n be_v he_o that_o have_v land_n or_o tenement_n for_o term_n of_o his_o life_n or_o another_o man_n life_n and_o none_o of_o lesser_a estate_n may_v have_v a_o freehold_n if_o a_o tenant_n for_o life_n sow_v the_o land_n and_o die_v before_o the_o corn_n be_v reap_v his_o executor_n shall_v have_v it_o but_o not_o the_o grass_n nor_o other_o fruit_n if_o a_o tenant_n for_o life_n be_v empanel_v upon_o a_o inquest_n and_o forfeit_a issue_n and_o die_v they_o shall_v be_v levy_v upon_o he_o in_o the_o reversion_n and_o so_o likewise_o if_o the_o husband_n on_o the_o land_n of_o the_o wife_n chap._n x._o tenant_n for_o term_n of_o year_n tenant_n for_o term_n of_o year_n be_v where_o a_o man_n let_v land_n or_o tenement_n to_o another_o for_o certain_a year_n he_o may_v enter_v when_o he_o will_v the_o death_n of_o the_o lessor_n be_v no_o let_v and_o may_v grant_v away_o his_o term_n before_o it_o begin_v but_o before_o he_o enter_v he_o can_v surrender_v nor_o have_v any_o action_n of_o trespass_n nor_o take_v a_o release_n he_o be_v bind_v to_o repair_v the_o tenement_n the_o lessor_n may_v enter_v to_o see_v what_o reparation_n or_o waste_v there_o be_v and_o he_o may_v distrain_v for_o his_o rent_n or_o have_v a_o action_n of_o debt_n if_o tenant_n for_o life_n or_o year_n grant_v a_o great_a estate_n than_o he_o have_v himself_o he_o do_v forfeit_v his_o term_n chap._n xi_o tenant_n at_o will._n tenant_n at_o will_n be_v he_o that_o hold_v land_n or_o tenement_n at_o the_o will_n of_o another_o the_o lessor_n may_v reserve_v a_o yearly_a rent_n and_o may_v distrain_v for_o it_o or_o have_v a_o action_n of_o debt_n the_o lessee_n be_v not_o bind_v to_o repair_v the_o tenement_n the_o will_n be_v determine_v by_o the_o death_n of_o the_o lessor_n or_o of_o a_o woman_n lessee_n by_o her_o marriage_n or_o when_o the_o lessee_n will_v take_v upon_o he_o to_o do_v that_o which_o none_o but_o the_o lessor_n may_v do_v lawful_o it_o determine_v the_o will_n and_o possession_n and_o the_o lessor_n may_v have_v a_o action_n of_o trespass_n for_o it_o the_o lessee_n shall_v have_v reasonable_a time_n to_o have_v away_o his_o good_n and_o his_o corn_n but_o he_o shall_v lose_v his_o fallow_a and_o his_o dung_n carry_v forth_o chap._n xii_o remainder_n a_o remainder_n be_v the_o residue_n of_o a_o estate_n at_o the_o same_o time_n appoint_v over_o and_o must_v be_v ground_v upon_o some_o particular_a estate_n give_v before_o grant_v for_o year_n or_o for_o like_a and_o so_o forth_o and_o aught_o to_o begin_v in_o possession_n when_o the_o particular_a estate_n end_v there_o may_v be_v no_o mean_a time_n between_o either_o by_o grant_n or_o will._n no_o remainder_n can_v be_v of_o a_o chattel_n personal_a a_o remainder_n can_v depend_v on_o a_o matter_n ex_fw-la post_fw-la facto_fw-la as_o upon_o estate_n tail_n upon_o condition_n that_o if_o the_o tenant_n in_o tail_n sell_v than_o the_o land_n to_o remain_v to_o another_o be_v a_o void_a remainder_n chap._n xiii_o reversion_n a_o reversion_n be_v the_o residue_n of_o a_o estate_n that_o be_v leave_v after_o some_o particular_a estate_n grant_v out_o in_o the_o grantor_n as_o if_o a_o man_n grant_v land_n for_o life_n without_o further_a grant_n the_o reversion_n of_o the_o fee-simple_n be_v in_o the_o lessor_n chap._n fourteen_o waste_v waste_n lie_v against_o a_o tenant_n by_o the_o courtesy_n for_o life_n for_o year_n or_o in_o dower_n and_o they_o shall_v lose_v the_o place_n waste_v and_o treble_a damage_n waste_n lie_v not_o against_o a_o tenant_n by_o elegit_fw-la statute-merchant_n or_o staple_n but_o account_n after_o the_o debt_n or_o damage_n levy_v waste_v or_o account_n will_v lie_v against_o a_o tenant_n in_o mortgage_n because_o he_o have_v fee_fw-mi conditional_a waste_n be_v not_o give_v to_o the_o heir_n for_o waste_v in_o the_o life_n of_o his_o father_n waste_n be_v give_v against_o the_o assign_v of_o the_o tenant_n for_o life_n or_o of_o another_o life_n but_o not_o against_o the_o assignee_n of_o a_o tenant_n in_o dower_n or_o of_o the_o courtesy_n it_o be_v to_o be_v bring_v against_o themselves_o it_o be_v waste_a to_o pull_v up_o the_o form_n bench_n door_n window_n wall_n filbert-tree_n or_o willow_n plant_v chap._n xv._n discontinuance_n discontinuance_n be_v where_o a_o man_n that_o have_v the_o present_a possession_n by_o make_v a_o large_a estate_n than_o he_o may_v dive_v the_o inheritance_n of_o the_o land_n or_o tenement_n out_o of_o another_o and_o die_v and_o the_o other_o have_v right_a to_o have_v they_o but_o he_o may_v not_o enter_v
not_o fix_v with_o screwes_n tenant_n in_o tail_n may_v make_v a_o lease_n for_o such_o land_n or_o inheritance_n as_o have_v be_v common_o let_v to_o farm_n if_o the_o old_a lease_n be_v expire_v surrender_v or_o end_v within_o one_o year_n after_o the_o make_n of_o the_o new_a but_o not_o without_o impeachment_n of_o waste_n nor_o above_o 21_o year_n or_o three_o life_n from_o the_o day_n of_o the_o make_n reserve_v the_o old_a rent_n or_o more_o 32._o h._n 8._o by_o indenture_n of_o lease_n by_o tenant_n in_o tail_n for_o 21_o year_n make_v according_a to_o the_o form_n of_o the_o statute_n render_v the_o ancient_a or_o more_o rent_n if_o the_o tenant_n in_o tail_n die_v it_o be_v a_o good_a lease_n against_o â—his_n issue_n but_o if_o a_o tenant_n in_o tail_n die_v without_o issue_n the_o donor_n may_v avoid_v this_o lease_n by_o entry_n 32._o h._n 8._o 28._o and_o if_o he_o in_o the_o remainder_n do_v accept_v the_o rent_n it_o shall_v not_o tie_v he_o for_o that_o the_o tail_n be_v determine_v the_o lease_n be_v determine_v and_o void_a ed._n â—_o 19_o the_o husband_n may_v make_v such_o a_o lease_n of_o his_o wife_n land_n by_o indenture_n in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o husband_n and_o wife_n and_o she_o to_o seal_v thereunto_o and_o the_o rent_n must_v be_v reserve_v to_o the_o husband_n and_o his_o wife_n and_o to_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o wife_n according_a to_o her_o estate_n of_o inheritance_n a_o lease_n make_v by_o the_o husband_n alone_o of_o the_o land_n of_o his_o wife_n be_v void_a after_o his_o death_n but_o the_o lessee_n shall_v have_v his_o corne._n by_o the_o husband_n and_o wife_n voidable_a if_o it_o be_v not_o make_v as_o aforesaid_a if_o a_o man_n do_v let_v land_n for_o year_n or_o for_o life_n reserve_v a_o rent_n and_o do_v enter_v into_o any_o part_n thereof_o and_o take_v the_o profit_n thereof_o the_o whole_a rent_n be_v extinguish_v and_o shall_v be_v suspend_v during_o his_o hold_v thereof_o the_o aceptation_n of_o a_o re-demise_n to_o begin_v present_o be_v suspension_n of_o the_o rent_n before_o any_o entry_n otherwise_o of_o a_o re-demise_n to_o begin_v in_o suturo_fw-la reservation_n and_o exception_n there_o be_v divers_a word_n by_o which_o a_o man_n may_v reserve_v a_o rent_n and_o such_o like_a which_o he_o have_v not_o before_o or_o to_o keep_v that_o which_o he_o have_v as_o tenendum_fw-la reservandum_fw-la solvendum_fw-la saciendum_fw-la it_o must_v be_v out_o of_o a_o message_n and_o where_o a_o distress_n may_v be_v take_v and_o not_o out_o of_o a_o rent_n and_o it_o must_v be_v comprehend_v within_o the_o purport_n of_o the_o same_o word_n exception_n of_o part_n ought_v always_o to_o be_v oâ—_n such_o thing_n which_o the_o grantor_n have_v in_o possession_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o grant_n the_o heir_n shall_v not_o have_v that_o which_o be_v reserve_v if_o it_o be_v not_o reserve_v to_o he_o by_o special_a word_n if_o a_o man_n make_v a_o feoffment_n of_o land_n and_o reserve_v any_o part_n of_o the_o profit_n thereof_o as_o the_o grass_n or_o the_o wood_n that_o reservation_n be_v void_a because_o it_o be_v repugnant_a to_o the_o feoffment_n a_o man_n by_o a_o feoffment_n release_v confirmation_n or_o fine_a may_v grant_v all_o his_o right_n in_o the_o land_n save_v unto_o he_o his_o rent-charge_n etc._n etc._n thing_n that_o be_v give_v only_o by_o take_v and_o use_v as_o pasture_n for_o four_o bullock_n or_o two_o load_n of_o wood_n can_v be_v reserve_v but_o by_o way_n of_o indenture_n and_o then_o they_o shall_v take_v effect_n by_o way_n of_o grant_n of_o the_o grantor_n during_o his_o life_n and_o no_o long_o without_o special_a word_n exception_n of_o thing_n as_o wood_n i_o quarry_n marle_n or_o such_o like_a if_o they_o be_v use_v it_o be_v imply_v by_o the_o law_n that_o they_o shall_v be_v use_v and_o the_o thing_n without_o which_o they_o can_v be_v have_v be_v imply_v to_o be_v except_v although_o no_o etc._n etc._n but_o otherwise_o if_o they_o be_v not_o use_v than_o the_o way_n and_o such_o like_a must_v be_v except_v a_o assignee_n may_v be_v make_v of_o land_n give_v in_o fee_fw-mi or_o for_o life_n or_o for_o year_n or_o of_o a_o rent-charge_n although_o no_o mention_n be_v make_v of_o the_o assignee_n in_o the_o grant_n but_o otherwise_o it_o be_v of_o a_o promise_n covenant_n or_o grant_v or_o warranty_n if_o a_o lessee_n do_v assign_v over_o his_o term_n the_o lessor_n may_v charge_v the_o lessee_n or_o assign_v at_o be_v pleasure_n but_o if_o the_o lessor_n accept_v of_o the_o rent_n of_o the_o assignee_n know_v of_o the_o assignment_n he_o have_v determine_v his_o acception_n and_o shall_v not_o have_v a_o action_n of_o debt_n against_o the_o lessee_n for_o rent_n due_a after_o the_o assignment_n if_o after_o the_o assignment_n of_o the_o lessee_n the_o lessor_n do_v grant_v away_o his_o reversion_n the_o grantee_n may_v not_o have_v a_o action_n of_o debt_n against_o the_o lessee_n if_o a_o lessee_n do_v assign_v over_o his_o interest_n and_o die_v his_o executor_n shall_v not_o be_v charge_v for_o rend_v due_a after_o his_o death_n if_o the_o executor_n of_o a_o lessee_n do_v assign_v over_o his_o interest_n a_o action_n of_o debt_n do_v not_o lie_v against_o he_o for_o rend_v due_a after_o the_o assignment_n if_o the_o lessor_n enter_v for_o a_o condition_n break_v or_o the_o lessee_n do_v surrender_v or_o the_o term_n end_n the_o lessor_n may_v have_v a_o action_n of_o debt_n for_o the_o arrearage_n a_o lease_n for_o year_n vend_v rend_v with_o a_o condition_n that_o if_o the_o lessee_n assign_v his_o term_n the_o lessor_n may_v re-enter_v the_o lessee_n assign_v the_o lessor_n receive_v the_o rent_n of_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o assignee_n not_o know_v of_o the_o assignment_n it_o shall_v not_o exclude_v the_o lessor_n of_o his_o entry_n a_o thing_n in_o a_o condition_n may_v be_v assign_v over_o for_o good_a cause_n as_o just_a debt_n as_o whereas_o a_o man_n be_v indebt_v unto_o i_o 20._o pound_n and_o another_o do_v owe_v he_o 20._o pound_n he_o may_v assign_v over_o his_o obligation_n unto_o i_o in_o satisfaction_n of_o my_o debt_n and_o i_o may_v justify_v the_o sue_n for_o the_o same_o in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o other_o at_o my_o own_o proper_a cost_n and_o charge_n also_o where_o one_o have_v bring_v a_o action_n of_o debt_n against_o i._n n._n which_o promise_v i_o that_o if_o i_o will_v aid_v he_o against_o i._o n._n i_o shall_v be_v pay_v out_o of_o the_o sum_n in_o demand_n i_o may_v aid_v he_o a_o assignee_n of_o land_n if_o he_o be_v not_o name_v in_o the_o condition_n yet_o he_o may_v pay_v the_o money_n to_o save_v his_o land_n but_o he_o shall_v receive_v none_o if_o he_o be_v not_o name_v the_o tender_a shall_v be_v to_o the_o executor_n of_o the_o feoffee_n assignee_n shall_v always_o be_v intend_v he_o that_o have_v the_o whole_a estate_n of_o the_o assignor_n that_o be_v assignable_a a_o condition_n be_v not_o assignable_a and_o not_o of_o a_o executor_n or_o administrator_n if_o there_o be_v such_o a_o assignee_n the_o law_n will_v not_o allow_v a_o assignee_n in_o the_o law_n if_o there_o be_v a_o assignee_n indeed_o so_o long_o as_o any_o part_n of_o the_o estate_n remain_v to_o the_o assignor_n the_o tender_a aught_o to_o be_v make_v to_o he_o or_o his_o heir_n it_o serve_v yet_o a_o colourable_a payment_n to_o the_o heir_n shall_v not_o veste_fw-la the_o estate_n out_o of_o the_o assignee_n as_o a_o true_a payment_n will_v viz._n covenant_n chap._n xxxvi_o surrenders_n a_o surrender_n be_v a_o instrument_n testify_v with_o apt_a word_n that_o the_o particular_a tenant_n of_o land_n or_o tenement_n for_o life_n or_o year_n do_v sufficient_o consent_v that_o he_o which_o have_v the_o next_o immediate_a remainder_n or_o reversion_n thereof_o shall_v also_o have_v the_o particular_a estate_n of_o the_o same_o in_o possession_n and_o that_o he_o yield_v or_o give_v the_o same_o to_o he_o for_o ever_o surrender_v aught_o forthwith_o to_o give_v a_o present_a possession_n of_o the_o thing_n surrender_v unto_o he_o which_o have_v such_o a_o estate_n where_o it_o may_v be_v drown_v a_o joynt-tenant_n can_v surrender_v to_o his_o fellow_n estate_v of_o thing_n that_o may_v not_o be_v grant_v without_o a_o deed_n may_v be_v determine_v by_o the_o surrender_n of_o the_o deed_n to_o the_o tenant_n of_o the_o land_n lease_n for_o year_n can_v surrender_v before_o his_o term_n begin_v he_o may_v grant_v he_o can_v surrender_v part_n of_o his_o lease_n surrender_n be_v in_o two_o manner_n in_o deed._n in_o law_n a_o surrender_n in_o law_n be_v when_o the_o lessee_n for_o year_n do_v take_v a_o new_a lease_n for_o more_o year_n a_o surrender_n
in_o deed_n must_v have_v sufficient_a word_n to_o prove_v the_o assent_n and_o will_v of_o the_o surrendere_a to_o surrender_v and_o that_o the_o other_o do_v also_o thereunto_o agree_v the_o husband_n may_v surrender_v his_o wife_n dower_n for_o his_o life_n and_o her_o lease_n for_o ever_o by_o deed_n indent_v a_o man_n may_v surrender_v upon_o condition_n chap._n xxxvii_o release_v a_o release_n be_v the_o give_v or_o discharge_v of_o a_o right_n or_o action_n which_o a_o man_n have_v or_o claim_v against_o another_o or_o out_o of_o or_o in_o his_o land_n a_o release_n or_o confirmation_n make_v by_o he_o that_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o make_v thereof_o have_v no_o right_n be_v void_a if_o a_o right_n come_v to_o he_o afterward_o unless_o it_o be_v with_o warranty_n and_o then_o it_o shall_v bar_v he_o of_o all_o right_n that_o shall_v come_v to_o he_o after_o the_o warranty_n make_v release_v or_o confirmation_n make_v to_o he_o that_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o release_n or_o confirmation_n make_v have_v nothing_o in_o the_o land_n be_v void_a it_o behove_v he_o to_o have_v a_o freehold_n or_o a_o possession_n and_o privity_n a_o release_v make_v to_o a_o lessee_n for_o year_n before_o his_o entry_n be_v void_a a_o man_n may_v not_o release_v upon_o a_o condition_n nor_o for_o a_o time_n nor_o for_o part_n but_o either_o the_o condition_n be_v void_a and_o the_o time_n be_v void_a and_o the_o release_n shall_v enure_v to_o the_o party_n to_o who_o it_o be_v make_v for_o ever_o for_o the_o whole_a by_o way_n of_o extinguishment_n but_o a_o man_n may_v deliver_v a_o release_n to_o another_o as_o a_o escrowe_n to_o deliver_v to_o i._o s._n as_o his_o act_n and_o deed_n if_o i._n s._n do_v perform_v such_o a_o thing_n or_o release_v upon_o a_o condition_n by_o deed_n indent_v may_v be_v good_a a_o joynt-tenant_n or_o a_o rent-charge_n may_v release_v yet_o all_o the_o rent_n be_v not_o extinct_a nor_o yet_o if_o he_o purchase_v the_o land_n his_o fellow_n shall_v have_v the_o rent_n still_o if_o the_o grantee_n release_v parcel_n of_o a_o rent-charge_n to_o the_o grantor_n yet_o all_o the_o rent_n be_v not_o extinct_a a_o release_n to_o charge_v a_o estate_n aught_o to_o have_v these_o word_n heir_n or_o word_n to_o show_v what_o estate_n he_o shall_v have_v a_o release_n make_v to_o he_o that_o have_v a_o reversion_n or_o a_o remainder_n in_o deed_n shall_v serve_v and_o help_v he_o that_o have_v the_o franktenement_n so_o shall_v a_o release_v make_v to_o a_o tenane_n for_o life_n or_o a_o tenant_n in_o tail_n inure_v to_o he_o in_o the_o reversion_n or_o remainder_n if_o they_o may_v show_v it_o and_o so_o to_o trespassor_n and_o feoffee_n but_o not_o to_o disseisor_n a_o release_n of_o all_o manner_n of_o action_n do_v not_o take_v away_o a_o entry_n nor_o the_o take_n of_o one_o good_n again_o nor_o be_v any_o plea_n against_o a_o executor_n a_o release_n of_o all_o demand_n extinguish_v all_o action_n real_a and_o personal_a appeal_n execution_n rent-charge_n common_a of_o pasture_n rent-service_n and_o all_o right_a and_o seizure_n and_o all_o right_n in_o land_n and_o property_n in_o chattel_n but_o not_o a_o possibility_n or_o future_a duty_n as_o a_o rent_n payable_a after_o my_o death_n and_o such_o like_a chap._n xxxviii_o confirmation_n confirmation_n be_v when_o one_o ratify_v the_o possession_n as_o by_o deed_n to_o make_v his_o passession_n perfect_a or_o to_o discharge_v his_o estate_n that_o may_v be_v defeat_v by_o another_o entry_n as_o if_o a_o tenant_n for_o life_n will_v grant_v a_o rent-charge_n in_o fee_n than_o he_o in_o the_o reversion_n may_v confirm_v the_o same_o grant_n whereas_o a_o man_n by_o his_o entry_n may_v defeat_v a_o estate_n there_o by_o his_o deed_n of_o confirmation_n he_o may_v make_v the_o estate_n good_a a_o confirmation_n can_v charge_v a_o estate_n that_o be_v determine_v by_o express_a condition_n or_o limitation_n to_o confirm_v a_o estate_n for_o a_o hour_n if_o it_o be_v for_o tenant_n for_o life_n it_o be_v good_a for_o life_n if_o to_o tenant_n in_o fee_n for_o ever_o a_o lease_n for_o year_n may_v be_v confirm_v for_o a_o time_n or_o upon_o condition_n or_o for_o a_o piece_n of_o the_o land_n but_o if_o a_o franktenement_n be_v it_o shall_v enure_v to_o the_o whole_a absolute_o a_o confirmation_n to_o charge_v a_o estate_n must_v have_v word_n to_o show_v what_o estate_n he_o shall_v have_v to_o confirm_v the_o estate_n of_o tenant_n for_o life_n to_o his_o heir_n can_v be_v but_o by_o habendum_fw-la the_o land_n to_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v good_a to_o have_v such_o a_o habendum_fw-la in_o all_o confirmation_n in_o a_o confirmation_n new_a service_n may_v not_o be_v reserve_v old_a may_v be_v abridge_v a_o confirmation_n make_v to_o one_o disseizor_n shall_v be_v voidable_a to_o the_o other_o so_o shall_v not_o a_o release_n chap._n thirty-nine_o condition_n there_o be_v two_o manner_n of_o condition_n one_o express_v by_o word_n another_o employ_v by_o the_o law_n the_o one_o call_v a_o condition_n in_o deed_n the_o other_o a_o condition_n in_o law_n estate_n make_v and_o the_o condition_n against_o the_o law_n the_o estate_n be_v good_a the_o condition_n void_a if_o the_o estate_n begin_v by_o the_o condition_n than_o both_o be_v void_a bond_n with_o condition_n express_o against_o the_o law_n be_v void_a condition_n repugnant_a the_o estate_n good_a the_o condition_n void_a condition_n impossible_a be_v void_a the_o estate_n good_a it_o shall_v not_o enlarge_v any_o estate_n by_o plead_v a_o man_n may_v not_o defeat_v a_o estate_n of_o franktenement_n by_o force_n of_o a_o condition_n in_o deed_n without_o he_o show_v the_o condition_n of_o record_n or_o in_o write_v seal_v yet_o the_o jury_n may_v help_v a_o man_n where_o the_o judge_n will_v take_v their_o verdict_n at_o large_a of_o chatttel_n he_o may_v promise_n do_v make_v a_o condition_n but_o when_o it_o do_v depend_v upon_o another_o sentence_n or_o have_v reference_n to_o another_o part_n of_o the_o deed_n it_o make_v no_o condition_n but_o a_o qualification_n or_o limitation_n of_o the_o sentence_n or_o of_o that_o part_n of_o the_o deed_n as_o provide_v that_o the_o person_n of_o the_o grantee_n shall_v not_o be_v charge_v he_o which_o have_v interest_n in_o a_o condition_n may_v fulfil_v the_o same_o for_o safeguard_n of_o himself_o between_o the_o party_n it_o be_v not_o requisite_a the_o condition_n be_v perform_v in_o every_o thing_n if_o the_o other_o do_v agree_v but_o to_o a_o stranger_n it_o must_v if_o the_o obligee_n be_v party_n to_o any_o act._n by_o which_o the_o condition_n can_v be_v perform_v then_o the_o obligor_fw-la shall_v be_v discharge_v so_o he_o shall_v be_v by_o the_o act_n of_o the_o condition_n where_o the_o first_o act_n in_o the_o condition_n be_v to_o be_v perform_v by_o the_o obligee_n and_o he_o will_v not_o do_v it_o there_o the_o obligation_n be_v not_o forfeit_v where_o no_o time_n be_v set_v if_o the_o condition_n be_v for_o the_o good_a of_o a_o stranger_n or_o of_o the_o obligee_n than_o it_o be_v to_o be_v perform_v within_o convenient_a time_n if_o for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o obligor_fw-la at_o any_o time_n during_o their_o life_n immediate_o shall_v not_o have_v such_o a_o strict_a construction_n but_o that_o it_o shall_v suffice_v if_o it_o be_v do_v in_o convenient_a time_n if_o a_o man_n be_v bind_v to_o pay_v money_n or_o farm_n rent_n he_o must_v seek_v the_o party_n but_o if_o he_o be_v bind_v to_o perform_v all_o payment_n if_o he_o render_v his_o farm_n on_o the_o land_n it_o suffice_v if_o the_o feoffee_n or_o feoffor_o die_v before_o the_o day_n of_o payment_n the_o tender_a shall_v be_v to_o the_o executor_n although_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o feoffee_n do_v enter_v if_o the_o heir_n be_v not_o name_v vide_fw-la assignee_n in_o assignment_n the_o money_n must_v be_v tender_v so_o long_o before_o sunset_n that_o the_o receiver_n may_v see_v to_o tell_v it_o to_o pay_v part_n of_o a_o sum_n at_o the_o day_n can_v be_v satisfaction_n for_o the_o whole_a sum_n as_o a_o horse_n or_o a_o robe_n be_v but_o before_o the_o day_n or_o at_o another_o place_n at_o the_o day_n of_o the_o request_n and_o acceptance_n of_o the_o obligee_n be_v full_a satisfaction_n a_o acquittance_n be_v a_o good_a bar_n if_o nothing_o be_v pay_v in_o all_o case_n of_o condition_n a_o payment_n of_o a_o certain_a sum_n in_o gross_a touch_v land_n or_o tenement_n if_o lawful_a tender_n be_v once_o refuse_v he_o which_o make_v the_o tender_a be_v discharge_v forever_o and_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o tender_a and_o payment_n shall_v be_v direct_v by_o he_o that_o make_v it_o and_o not_o by_o he_o that_o
hereupon_o it_o will_v not_o be_v much_o devious_a or_o out_o of_o the_o way_n to_o make_v some_o mention_n of_o those_o fashion_n which_o in_o the_o manner_n of_o seal_v and_o subscribe_v of_o deed_n have_v be_v ancient_o use_v by_o our_o ancestor_n some_o report_n that_o the_o saxon_n in_o their_o time_n before_o the_o conquest_n use_v to_o subscribe_v their_o name_n to_o their_o deed_n add_v the_o sign_n of_o the_o cross_n and_o set_v down_o in_o the_o end_n the_o name_n of_o certain_a witness_n without_o any_o kind_n of_o seal_v at_o all_o but_o when_o the_o norman_n come_v in_o as_o man_n love_v their_o own_o country_n guise_n they_o per_fw-la petit_fw-la &_o petit_fw-la change_v that_o custom_n as_o also_o many_o other_o which_o they_o find_v here_o and_o ingulphus_n who_o be_v make_v abbot_n of_o croyland_n in_o a_o dom_n 1075._o seem_v to_o confirm_v this_o opinion_n in_o these_o word_n normanni_n cheirographorum_fw-la confectionem_fw-la cum_fw-la crucibus_fw-la aureis_fw-la &_o aliis_fw-la signaculis_fw-la sacris_fw-la in_o anglia_fw-it firmari_fw-la solitam_fw-la in_fw-la cera_fw-la impressa_fw-la mutant_fw-la yet_o i_o have_v read_v of_o a_o seal_a charter_n in_o england_n before_o the_o conquest_n namely_o that_o of_o st._n ed._n make_v to_o the_o abbey_n of_o westminster_n yet_o sure_o this_o do_v not_o altogether_o repugn_v that_o which_o have_v be_v former_o say_v for_o i_o have_v see_v in_o master_n fabian_n chronicle_n and_o elsewhere_o that_o saint_n ed._n be_v educate_v in_o normandy_n and_o it_o be_v not_o unlikely_a but_o he_o may_v in_o some_o thing_n incline_v to_o their_o fashion_n the_o frenchman_n have_v a_o proverb_n rome_n n'a_fw-fr este_fw-la bastie_n tout_fw-fr en_fw-fr un_fw-fr jour_fw-fr and_o we_o in_o england_n use_v the_o same_o namely_o rome_n be_v not_o build_v in_o one_o day_n so_o it_o can_v be_v conceive_v that_o the_o norman_n in_o a_o instnat_fw-la do_v alter_v the_o saxon_a custom_n whole_o in_o this_o particular_a but_o that_o it_o do_v change_v by_o degree_n and_o perhaps_o at_o the_o first_o the_o king_n and_o some_o nigh_o unto_o and_o about_o he_o do_v use_v the_o impression_n of_o a_o seal_n which_o i_o be_o somewhat_o persuade_v to_o believe_v from_o a_o certain_a story_n which_o i_o have_v hear_v concern_v richard_n de_fw-fr lucy_n chief_a justice_n of_o england_n who_o in_o the_o time_n of_o h._n 2._o be_v say_v to_o have_v chide_v a_o ordinary_a man_n because_o he_o have_v seal_v a_o deed_n with_o a_o private_a seal_n quant_fw-fr ceopertaine_v all_o roy_fw-fr &_o nobility_n solement_n in_o the_o day_n of_o edward_n the_o three_o seal_v and_o seal_n be_v very_o usual_a among_o all_o man_n for_o proof_n whereof_o i_o need_v not_o produce_v any_o other_o testimony_n but_o the_o deed_n themselves_o whereof_o almost_o every_o man_n have_v some_o but_o i_o must_v remember_v that_o sir_n ed._n coke_n in_o the_o first_o part_n of_o his_o institutes_n foe_n 7._o a._n seem_v to_o overthrow_v the_o former_a opinion_n about_o the_o first_o use_v of_o seal_n in_o england_n the_o seal_n of_o charter_n and_o deed_n say_v he_o be_v much_o more_o ancient_a than_o some_o have_v imagine_v for_o the_o charter_n of_o king_n edwin_n brother_n of_o king_n edgar_n bearing_z date_n a_o dom_n 956._o make_v of_o the_o land_n call_v jecklea_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o ely_n be_v not_o only_o seal_v with_o his_o own_o seal_n which_o appear_v by_o these_o word_n ego_fw-la edwinus_fw-la gratia_fw-la dei_fw-la totius_fw-la britannicae_n telluris_fw-la rex_fw-la meum_fw-la donum_fw-la proprio_fw-la figillo_fw-la confirmavi_fw-la but_o also_o the_o bishop_n of_o winchester_n put_v to_o his_o seal_n ego_fw-la aelfwinus_fw-la winton_n '_o ecclesiae_fw-la divinus_fw-la speculator_n proprium_fw-la sigillum_fw-la impressi_fw-la and_o the_o charter_n of_o king_n offa_n whereby_o he_o give_v the_o peter-pence_n do_v yet_o remain_v under_o seal_n the_o either_o of_o which_o two_o charter_n be_v much_o more_o ancient_a than_o that_o of_o saint_n edw._n before_o mention_v yet_o happy_o there_o may_v be_v some_o reason_n probable_o affirm_v why_o as_o well_o king_n edwin_n and_o the_o bishop_n of_o winchester_n as_o offa_n who_o be_v king_n of_o mereia_n about_o the_o year_n 788._o do_v annex_v their_o seal_n to_o their_o charter_n which_o no_o king_n of_o england_n or_o nobleman_n do_v before_o or_o after_o they_o except_o saint_n ed._n until_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o conqueror_n that_o ever_o i_o can_v learn_v hear_v or_o read_v of_o in_o any_o author_n nevertheless_o i_o must_v of_o necessity_n leave_v the_o search_n of_o such_o reason_n to_o other_o better_a study_a in_o the_o commentation_n and_o alteration_n of_o person_n time_n and_o custom_n than_o i_o myself_o however_o i_o never_o hear_v any_o one_o deny_v but_o that_o the_o frequent_a use_n of_o seal_v deed_n do_v commence_v in_o the_o time_n of_o ed._n 3._o and_o be_v not_o ordinary_o use_v among_o private_a man_n until_o then_o as_o have_v be_v former_o touch_v of_o the_o date_n dat'_n in_o this_o clause_n the_o style_n of_o the_o king_n at_o large_a the_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n and_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n god_n according_a to_o the_o computation_n and_o account_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n together_o with_o the_o day_n of_o the_o month_n be_v express_v in_o former_a time_n deed_n be_v often_o make_v without_o date_n and_o that_o of_o purpose_n that_o they_o may_v be_v allege_v within_o the_o time_n of_o prescription_n as_o sir_n ed._n coke_n in_o his_o say_a book_n of_o institutes_n foe_n 6._o very_o worthy_o observe_v and_o moreover_o that_o the_o date_n of_o deed_n be_v common_o add_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o ed._n 2_o and_o ed._n 3._o and_o so_o ever_o since_o to_o who_o i_o refer_v you_o who_o in_o the_o place_n last_o quote_v have_v very_o excellent_a matter_n and_o observation_n thereabouts_o and_o thus_o to_o perform_v what_o i_o promise_v i_o will_v speak_v a_o word_n or_o two_o concern_v livery_n of_o seisin_n and_o so_o conclude_v livery_n of_o seisin_n livery_n of_o seisin_n be_v a_o ceremony_n in_o law_n use_v in_o the_o conveyance_n of_o a_o estate_n of_o freehold_n at_o the_o least_o in_o land_n and_o other_o thing_n corporeal_a but_o in_o a_o lease_n for_o year_n at_o will_n etc._n etc._n livery_n of_o seisin_n be_v not_o require_v it_o be_v only_o a_o chattel_n and_o no_o freehold_n by_o livery_n of_o seisin_n the_o feoffor_a do_v declare_v his_o willingness_n to_o part_v with_o that_o whereof_o he_o make_v the_o livery_n and_o the_o feoffee_n acceptance_n thereof_o be_v thereby_o make_v know_v and_o manifest_a the_o author_n of_o the_o new_a term_n of_o the_o law_n say_v that_o it_o be_v invent_v as_o a_o open_a and_o notorious_a thing_n by_o mean_n whereof_o the_o common_a people_n may_v have_v knowledge_n of_o the_o pass_a or_o alteration_n of_o estate_n from_o man_n to_o man_n that_o thereby_o they_o may_v be_v the_o better_a able_a to_o try_v in_o who_o the_o right_a and_o possession_n of_o land_n and_o tenement_n be_v if_o they_o shall_v be_v impanel_v on_o juries_n or_o otherwise_o have_v to_o do_v concern_v the_o same_o the_o usual_a and_o common_a manner_n in_o these_o day_n of_o deliver_v of_o seisin_n i_o know_v to_o be_v so_o frequent_a that_o of_o purpose_n i_o will_v omit_v it_o but_o i_o pray_v you_o note_v with_o i_o before_o i_o make_v a_o end_n that_o livery_n of_o sesin_n be_v of_o 2_o sort_n viz._n livery_n of_o seisin_n in_o deed_n and_o livery_n of_o seisin_n in_o law_n which_o be_v sometime_o term_a livery_n of_o seisin_n within_o the_o view_n livery_n of_o seisin_n within_o the_o view_n can_v be_v good_a or_o effectual_a except_o the_o feoffee_n do_v enter_v into_o the_o land_n etc._n etc._n whereof_o the_o livery_n of_o seisin_n be_v make_v unto_o he_o in_o the_o life_n time_n of_o the_o feoffor_a &_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v pass_v over_o in_o silence_n that_o a_o livery_n in_o law_n may_v sometime_o be_v perfect_v by_o a_o entry_n in_o law_n as_o if_o a_o man_n make_v a_o deed_n of_o feoffament_n and_o deliver_v seisin_n within_o the_o view_n the_o feoffee_n dare_v not_o enter_v for_o fear_n of_o death_n but_o claim_v the_o same_o this_o shall_v vest_n the_o freehold_a and_o inheritance_n in_o he_o to_o which_o effect_n you_o may_v see_v the_o opinion_n of_o certain_a justice_n 38._o assis_n pl._n 23._o upon_o a_o verdict_n of_o assize_n in_o the_o county_n of_o dorc._n and_o i_o conceive_v that_o this_o ve_n of_o a_o new_a estate_n in_o the_o say_a case_n in_o the_o feoffee_n make_v his_o claim_n be_v he_o dare_v not_o enter_v stand_v upon_o the_o same_o reason_n for_o contrariorum_fw-la eadem_fw-la est_fw-la ratio_fw-la that_o the_o reve_v of_o a_o ancient_a estate_n and_o right_n in_o the_o disseisee_fw-mi do_v by_o such_o claim_n whereof_o you_o may_v read_v plentiful_o in_o littleton_n his_o chapter_n of_o continual_a claim_n it_o be_v worth_a the_o observation_n that_o no_o man_n can_v constitute_v another_o to_o receive_v livery_n for_o he_o within_o the_o view_n nor_o yet_o to_o deliver_v as_o i_o have_v hear_v my_o master_n say_v for_o none_o can_v take_v by_o force_n or_o virtue_n of_o a_o livery_n in_o law_n but_o he_o that_o take_v the_o freehold_n himself_o &_o è_fw-la contra_fw-la otherwise_o it_o be_v to_o take_v and_o give_v livery_n of_o seisin_n in_o deed_n for_o there_o aswell_o the_o feoffee_n in_o the_o one_o case_n may_v ordain_v and_o make_v his_o attorney_n or_o attorney_n in_o his_o name_n and_o stead_n to_o take_v livery_n as_o the_o feoffor_a in_o the_o other_o case_n to_o give_v livery_n concurrentibus_fw-la iis_fw-la quae_fw-la in_o jure_fw-la requiruntur_fw-la and_o now_o let_v delivery_n of_o the_o deed_n to_o be_v add_v to_o the_o seal_v thereof_o and_o the_o state_n execute_v of_o the_o land_n thereby_o convey_v and_o then_o i_o presume_v none_o will_v refuse_v to_o allow_v that_o every_o thing_n have_v be_v name_v which_o be_v essential_o require_v to_o the_o perfection_n of_o a_o bare_a deed_n of_o feoffament_n and_o although_o i_o have_v mention_v the_o delivery_n of_o the_o deed_n in_o the_o last_o place_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o the_o least_o thing_n or_o of_o the_o least_o consequence_n or_o moment_n for_o after_o a_o deed_n be_v seal_v if_o it_o be_v not_o deliver_v est_fw-la anul_v purpose_n it_o be_v to_o no_o purpose_n and_o the_o delivery_n must_v be_v by_o the_o party_n himself_o or_o his_o sufficient_a warrant_n so_o it_o may_v be_v gather_v from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v that_o seal_v of_o deed_n without_o delivery_n be_v nothing_o and_o that_o delivery_n without_o seal_v will_v make_v no_o deed_n but_o that_o both_o seal_v and_o delivery_n must_v concur_v and_o meet_v together_o to_o make_v perfect_a deed_n i_o hope_v such_o as_o be_v present_a at_o the_o seal_v and_o deliver_v of_o deed_n of_o feoffament_n and_o the_o state_n execute_v thereupon_o will_v not_o forget_v to_o subscribe_v their_o name_n or_o mark_n as_o witness_n thereof_o whereby_o they_o may_v the_o better_o be_v enable_v to_o remember_v what_o therein_o have_v be_v do_v if_o peradventure_o there_o shall_v be_v occasion_n to_o make_v use_n of_o they_o and_o it_o be_v not_o amiss_o here_o before_o i_o end_v to_o observe_v that_o although_o upon_o deed_n of_o feoffament_n etc._n etc._n it_o be_v not_o usual_a before_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o hen._n 8._o or_o thereabouts_o to_o endorse_v or_o make_v mention_n upon_o such_o deed_n of_o the_o seal_v and_o deliver_v of_o the_o deed_n or_o state_n execute_v of_o the_o land_n etc._n etc._n intend_v thereby_o to_o be_v convey_v for_o i_o myself_o have_v many_o deed_n of_o feoffament_n which_o do_v testify_v as_o much_o yet_o it_o be_v to_o be_v credible_o suppose_v and_o not_o without_o some_o manifest_a probability_n that_o such_o person_n who_o name_n be_v insert_v after_o a_o certain_a clause_n in_o such_o deed_n begin_v with_o hiis_fw-la testibus_fw-la be_v eye-witness_n of_o all_o thus_o desire_v you_o to_o take_v notice_n that_o i_o have_v call_v the_o say_v six_o part_n of_o the_o feoffament_n formal_a because_o they_o be_v not_o absolute_o of_o the_o essence_n of_o deed_n etc._n etc._n manebo_fw-la in_o hoc_fw-la gyro_fw-la i_o will_v here_o conclude_v request_v all_o those_o to_o who_o any_o sight_n hereof_o shall_v or_o may_v happen_v to_o come_v friendly_a to_o admonish_v i_o of_o my_o fail_n herein_o whereby_o they_o shall_v ever_o engage_v i_o thankful_o finis_fw-la