come flocking al on a deaw so shaking the moisture vppon the Church doo purge it Then they rouse their feathers afterwarde as hauing doone their deuotion depart again Here vppon it is reported y â— Diomedes coÌ„panions were â—urned into birds Certainely before y â— comming of y â— Aetolian Captaine they were not called Diomedes birds but euer since they haue had that name The running forth of Italy through the Lâ—burnians which are a people that came out of Asia extendeth to the foote of Dalmatia and Dalmatia vnto the borders of Illyrick in which coast y â— Dardanians haue their dwelling a people descended of the line of Troy but growne wilde and sauage and degenerated into barbarous manners On the otherside it extendeth by the marches of Lombardie vnto the Prouince of Narbone in which the Phocenses beeing in olde time chased out of theyr Countrey by the comming of the Persians builded the Cittie of Marsills in y e fiue and forteth Olympiâ—d Caius Marius in the tyme of the warre against the Cymbrians did let in y e Sea in Channels made wyth mans hand mittigated the dangerous sayling of the riuer Rhone which faling down froÌ„ the Alps rusheth first through Swicerland carying with him a nuÌ„ber of waters that meete him by the way and afterward by his continuall encrease becommeth more troublesome then the very Sea wherinto it falleth vnlesse it bee when the Sea is raised with the wyndes Rhone is rough euen in calme wether and therefore they account him among the greatest Ryuers of Europe In the same place also florished Sexties bathes sometimâ— the Consulles winter garrison and afterward garnished with walles the feruent heate whereof beeing breathed out is vanished awaie by continuaunce of time and it is not nowe according to the auncient report thereof If we haue a mind to the Greekes it is best to looke to the Seacoast of Tarent from whence that is to saie from the Promontorie or Headlonde which they call * Acra Iapigia is the shortest cutt for such as wil sayle to Achaya-ward CAP. VIII Of certaine base Iles of the Tyrrhene Sea which lye against Italy Of Corsica and of the stone Catochites FRom hence our style is to bee directed another waie and other lands call vs to treate of their matters it were a long péece of woorke to goe leysurelie along the Seacoast to all the Ilandes that face the Promontories of Italy although for that they bee scattered in most delectable outnookes and set by nature as it were to the shewe they were not to be omitted But how farre should I steppe aside if delaying the chiefe thinges I should of a certaine slothfulnesse treate of Pandataria or of Prochita or Ilba plentifull of yron or Capraria which the Greekes call Aegila or Planasia so called of the leuelnesse of the Sea or of Vlisses straying or * Dooue Ilande the mother of the byrdes that beare that name or Ithacesia which is reported to haue been the watch towre of Vlisses or Anaria named of Homer Iuarimee and other no lesse fruitfull then these Among which manie hauing some what more largely treated of Corsica in wryting haue moste exquisitlie comprised it to the full and nothing is omitted which were not superfluous to be touched againe As howe the Ligurians sent first inhabiters thither how towns were there builded How Marius and Sylla sent people a newe to refresh it and howe it is beaten vpon with the Saltwater of the Lygustick sea But let all this géere passe Neuerthelesse the Country of Corsica which is a peculiar thing to that land doth onely bring forth the stone which they call Catochites most worthie to be spoken of It is bigger theÌ„ the rest that are ordeined to decking and it is not so much a Iewell as a common stone If a man lay his handes vppon it it holdeth them downe so fastening it selfe vnto seuerall substances that it cleaueth to the thinges that it is touched of For there is in it I cannot tell what a kinde of clammy glew and gummishnesse I haue heard say that Dâ—mocritus the Abderite didde oftentimes vse to boast of this stone to proue the hid power of nature in the contentions that he hadde against the wyzardes CAP. IX Of the Ile Sardinia of the Shonnsunne of the hearbe Sardonia and of the wonderfull power of waters SArdinia which we reade of in Timaeus by the name of Sandaliotes and in Chrysippus by the name of Ichnusa is sufficiently knowen in what Sea it lyeth and who were firste inhabiters thereof Wherefore it is to no purpose to tell howe Sardus was begotten of Hercules and Norax of Mercurie and howe the one comming from Lybye and the other from as far as Tartesus in Spaine into these quarters the Lande tooke his name of Sardus the Towne of Nora tooke his name of Norax Or howe anon after Aristaeus reigning ouer them vnited the people of bothe the races together into the next Cittie Caralis which himselfe had builded and knitt the two sundry Nations which hetherto had béene disseuered together into one order of lyuing in such sorte as the strangnesse thereof made them not disdaine to become hys Subiects This Aristaeus also begatte Ioâ—aus who inhabited the Countrie thereabouts Further more wée wyll passe ouer both the Ilians and Locrines Sardinia is without Serpents But looke what noysomnesse Serpents bring to other places the same noysomnesse bringeth the Shonsunne to the Countrey of Sardinia It is a verie little Worme and like to a Spyder in shape and it is called a Shonsunne because it shunneth the daie light It lyeth moste in Syluer Mynes for the soile of that Land is rich of Siluer It tréepeth priuily and casteth the plague vppon such as sitte vpon it vnwares To the furtheraunce of thys mischiefe cometh also the Hearbe Sardonia which groweth much more plentifully theÌ„ néedeth in groues where springes runne If it be eaten it draweth together the sinewes and wryeth the mouth so y â— such as thereby draw vnto death doo die with resemblance of laughter Contrariwise all the waters of that Ile doo serue to diuers commodities The standing pooles are full of fish The Winters rayne is kept to releeue the Sommers browght and the Men of Sardinia haue much aduauntage of raynie water For they gather it and kéepe it in store that it may doo them ease when the springes faile them which serued them for theyr meate drinke In some places doo bubble vp warme and holesâ—me springes which serue for cures in knitting of broken bones or expulsing y â— poysonâ—e sheadded by the Shonsunnes or in dryuing away diseases of the eyes But those that remedy y â— eyes haue power also to discouer théeues For whosoeuer denyeth the theft wyth an oath washeth his eyes with thys water If hys oath bee true his sight becommeth the clearer if he forsware
is found at the charges of the Realme Hee is not suffered to haue anie woman to himselfe but whomsoeuer he hath minde vnto he borroweth her for a tyme and so others by turnes Wherby it commeth to passe that he hath neither desire nor hope of issue The seconde Harborough betwéene the maine lande and the Hebuds is the Orcâ—des which are froÌ„ the Hebuds seauen dayes and as manie nyghts sayling There bée but thrée of them no man dwelleth in theÌ„ they haue no 〈…〉 are ouergrowne with rushye wéedes and the rest of them is nothing but sand and bare Rocks From the Orcades vnto Thule is fyue dayes and fiue nights sayling But Thule is plentiful in store of fruits that will last Those that dwel there doo in the bâ—ginning of the spring time liue on hearbs among Cattell and afterward by milke and againste Winter they lay vppe the fruiteâ— of their trées They vse their women in common and no manne hath any wife The whole circuit of Bâ—itaine is foure thousand eyght hundred thréescore and fiftéene miles In which space are great and 〈…〉 and hoâ—e Bathes finelie kept to the vse of men the souer 〈◊〉 of which Bathes is the Goddesse Minerua in whose Chappell the fire burneth continuallie and the â—oles do neuer â—urne into ashes but as soone as y e embars wexe dead it is turned into â—alles of stone Moreouer to the intent to passe thâ— large aboundance of sundry mettals wherof Britaine hath many rich veynâ—s on all sides Here is store of the stone called Geate and y e best kind of it If ye demaund y e beautie of it it is a black Iewell if the qualitie it is of no weight if the nature it burneth in water and goeth out in Oyle if the power rubbe it till it be warme and it holdeth such things as are laide to it as Amber doth The Realme is partlie inhabited of barbarous people who euen froÌ„ theyr childhoode haue shapes of diuers beastes cunninglye impressed and incorporate in theyr bodyes so that béeing engraued as it were in theyr bowels as the man groweth so growe the marks painted vpon him neyther doo those Nations couâ—t any thing almost to be a greater token of patience then y â— their bodyes shoulde by manifest scarres drinke in the déepest colour CAP. XXXV Of Spayne and the Iles about it Of the Ocean and the Midland Sea and of theyr sundry names and what the Phylosophers haue left in wryting concerning the ebbing and flowing therof NOwe that I am come again to y e maine laÌ„d the matters of Spayne call me The coast of this CouÌ„trey is coÌ„parable with the the beste and inferiour to none whether yee haue respecte to the fatnesse of the soyle or to the reuenewes of the Uyneyardes or to the fruitfulnes of the Trees It aboundeth in all kind of things whatsoeuer is costlie of price or necessary to be occupyed If yee séeke siluer or golde it hath theÌ„ the yron mynes neuer wast it gyueth place to no Countrey for Uines and for Oliues it passeth all others It is deuided into thrée prouinces and in the second warres against Carthage it became ours Nothing is in it idle nothing barraine Whatsoeuer grounde is not able to beare corne beareth good pasture euen the places that are drye and barraine yéelde stuffe for ship men to make Cables of They séeth not salt there but dyg it out of the grounde They scoure the fine sparks of dust and make Sinople of it and therwith dye theyr wooll that they may afterward make it the better into a scarlet engraynde In Lusitania is a Promontorie which some cal Artabrum and some call it the Promontory of Lysbone It disseuereth both ayre land and Sea By land it finisheth the one side of Spayne and it deuideth the ayre and the Seas in such wyse at the circuit thereof the French Ocean and the North coast begin and the Athlantish Ocean and the West doo end There is the Cittie of Lysbone builded by V lisses and there is the Ryuer Tagus preferred before other Ryuers for hys golden sandes In the marches of Lysbone the Mares excéede in fruitfulnesse after a wondrous manner For they conceiue by the blaste of the Southwest wynde and theyr lust is as well spedde with the breath of the ayre as if they were couered wyth Horses The Ryuer Iberus gaue name to y e whole Realme of Spaine and the Ryuer Baetis to the prouince of Baetica bothe of them are famous streames The Cittye Carthage in Spayne was builded by the Carthagenenses of Affrick and replenished also with people of that Countrey The Scipios builded Tarracon and therefore it is the head of the prouince called Tarraconensis The Seacoast of Lusitania hath greate plenty of the precious stones called Ceraunie which is preferred before the Ceraunie of Inde The colour of this Ceraunie is like the Carbuncle and the vertue therof is tried by fire the which if it be able to abide without perrishing or blemish it is thought to bee good against the force of ligtning The Iles 〈◊〉 ridâ—s but against y â— side of Celtiberia very fertile of leade so 〈◊〉 also the fortunate Iles of which there is nothing worth the noting saue the name onely Ebusus one of the Iles called Baleares which is distant froÌ„ Dianiuâ— seaâ—en hundred furlongs hath no Serpent for the soile thereof driueth away Serpents But the Ile Colubraâ—â—â— which is towarde Sucro swarmeth with Snakes The Baleares were sometime y e king dome of Boccharis and there was such store of Connyes that they vtterlie destroyed all kinde of fruites At the Hearde of Betica where as is the vttermoste point of the knowne world there is an Ilande about seauen hundred paces from the mayne land which the Tyrians because they came from the red Sea called Erythraea and the people of Affrick in theyr language called Gadir that is to say the Hedge There are many monuments to prooue that Gerion dwelled héere albeit some think that Hercules fetched his kyne out of another Iland which lyeth ouer against Lusitaâ—â—â— But the narrowe Sea betwéene Affricke and Spayne tooke his name of the Ilands called Gades At that place the Athlantish Ocean sendeth in our Sea which deuideth the world For the Ocean which the Greekes so call because of the swiftnesse thereof breaking in at the Sun going downe raseth Europe on the left side and Affricke on the right and hauing cut a sunder the Mountaines Calpe and Abila which are called Hercules Pyllars rusheth in betwéene the Mores and the Spanyards And at this streight which is in length fiftéene miles and in breadth scarcely seauen as it were at a gate he openeth the barres of the inner Sea and wyndeth himselfe into the mydlande coasts which he beateth vppon from place to place euen vnto the East Where it beateth vppon Spaine it beareth y e name
to call backe my penne into Aethyop For as wee haue alreadye tolde howe the Athlantish Sea taketh his beginning at the west and at Spayne so it is also conuenient to be declared from whence hee beginneth first to beare the name of Atlas in these partes of the worlde also The Azanian Sea holdeth on vnto the Coaste of Aethyop The Aethiopian Sea continueth from thence to the Promontorie Mossylicum and from thence forth it taketh againe the name of the Athlantish Ocean Therefore whereas many haue helde opinion that all that part is not possible to bee sayled by reason of the excéeding heate Iuba auoucheth the contrarye And for assured proofe that the matter is so indéede hée maketh a rehearsall of the Nations Ilandes by the way giuing vs to vnderstande that all that Sea is saylable from Inde vnto the straights of Marrock so as it be when the wynde lyeth Southwest by west the blast whereof is able to driue anie Nauie by Arabie Egypt and Mauritanie so they direct theyr course from that Promontory of Inde which some call Lepten acran and othersome name Drepanum Moreouer he added the places of harbrough and the distance of them one from another For from the promontorie of Inde to the Ilande Malachus they affyrme to bee fiftéene hundred myles From Malachus to Scaeneon two hundred twenty fiue miles From thence to the Ilande Sadanus a hundred and fiftie myles and so is made to the open Sea eyght hundred thréescore and fiftéene myles The same Iâ—ba so striueth against the opinion of manie which saie that most parte of this Coast is vninhabitable of mankind by reason of the heate of the Sunne that he affyrmeth the Merchantmen to bee troubled in their passage out of the Iles of Arabie which the Arabians called Ascitae possesse who haue that name of their dooings For they ioyne borders together and couer them ouer with Leather and sayling forth in this kinde of Shyppe assaile the passengâ—rs with venomâ—d Darts And hee affyrmeth also that the scorched Countries of Aethiop are inhabited by the nations of the Iâ—thyophages and Troglodits of whom the Troglodits are so swift a foote that they ouertake the wilde Beastes whom they chace The Icthyophags are able to swim in the salt water as well as the verye Beastes of the Sea In serching the Athlantish Sea euen to the west bee maketh mention of the Iles of the Gorgons also The Gorgon Iles as we vnderstand are ouer against the Promontorie which wee call Hesperionkeras These are inhabited by the Monstars called Gorgons and surelie a monstrous nation possesseth them yet They are distant from the maine land two dayes sayling Xenophon Lampsacenus hath reported that Hanno King of the Afers wasted ouer into them and founde women there as swyft as byrds and that of all the number that were séene but two could bee taken which were so rough and rugged of bodye that for a remembraunce of the strange sight hee hung vp theyr two skinnes for a wonder among other gyfts in the Temple of Iuno which continued there vnto the destruction of Carthage Beyond the Gorgons are the Iles of the Hesperides which as Sebosus affyrmeth are withdrawn fortie dayes sayling into the innermost hart of the Sea They report that the fortunate Iles lye against the left side of Mauritanie which Iuba sayth are situate vnder the South but next vnto the West By reason of the names of these I suppose a great wonder is looked for but the matter is not equall to the same of the worde In the first of them which is called Ombrion neither is nor hath béene anie houses The toppes of the Hyls are watry with Pooles Réedes growe vp to the bygnes of Trées Those of them that be blacke when they be pressed yéelde a most bitter liquor but thosâ— that bée white yéeld a iuyce good to make drinke of They say that another of those Iles is named Iunoma wherein are a fewe cotages ilfauoredly pyked at the toppes The third is néere vnto this and of y â— same name but all is bare and naked The fourth is called Capraria which swarmeth beyond al measure with monstrous great Lucerts Next followeth Niuaria where the ayre is thick and clowdie and therefore euer snowing And lastlie Canaria replenished with Dogs of excéeding hugenesse whereof two were presented to King Iuba In that Ile remain some foundations of buildings Ther is great plenty of byrds fieldes full of fruitful Trées places bearing Dates great store of Pyneapples aboundance of Honney and Ryuers swarming wyth Fyshes called Silures Also it is sayde that the wauing Sea casteth vppe monstrous beastes vppon the land which lying styll there and rotting infect all thinges wyth an horrible stinche and therefore the qualitie of those Ilands agrée not altogether to their name FINIS Opinions concerning the name of Rome Valentia * That is about the 19. day of December The time of the buildinge of Rome Hercules Cacus Tarchon Marsias Megales a Phâ—ygian the firste founder of the arte of Birdspelling among the Sabines Nicostrate couÌ„ted one of the nine Sybilles Hercules Chappell and the institution of hys Ceremonies Myagrus the God of Flyes The Treasorie of Saturne The dwelling of Nicostrate Wherof the Romane Pallace tooke that name * That is to saâ— of Romulus * The time of the building of Rome by Romulus the 19. of Aprill The first Tryumph * The seconde day of Iuly Tatius king of the Sabines Numa Pompilius the second K. of the Romains Tullus Hostiliuâ— Ancus Martiuâ— Tarquine the Elder Seruius Tullius Tarquine the proude Opynions of the time of the building of Rome An Olimpiad and what it contayneth Of the sundry gouernments in Rome Caesar Augustus The mis-fortunes of the Emperour Augustus * Her 〈…〉 Foretokens of the death of Augustus Monstruous fruitfulnesse of Women Twentie ChildreÌ„ at three câ—â—ld beddes * He was also called Methymâ—us The byrth of Hercules and Iphicluâ— Of the conception of Man Of such as are borne wyth theyr feete forwarde The first Caesar among the Romaines Zoroastres king of the Bactrians Crassus * That is to saye laughterlesse Socrates Heraclitus and Diogines Examples of singuler streÌ„gth * Running leaping buffeting wrestling and throwing of the Sledge * The Cock-stone * A seely how Of straungers that resembled one another Of the talenes and goodly personages of men in olde time Pusio and Secundilla Gabbara Orestes A dead body of monstrous bignesse An ouerswifâ— growth The manner of measuring a Manne Naturall reuerence in bodyes disceased Of Swiftnes Ladas Polymestor Phylippides Antistius and Philonides Quickâ—â—â—tednes Strabo Callicrates A race of strange Women Valiantnes Lucius Sicinius Marcus Sergius the Father of Catiline C. Iuliusâ— Caesar. Cyrus King of Persia. Lucius Scipio Cyneas Methridates Memorie made by Arte. The perishing and losse of memorie Messala Coruinus Feare Athis the Sonne of king Craesus Excellency of manners Cato Scipio Aemilianus Scipio Nasica
Chyld it causeth more aboundant swallowing of spettle and béeing receiued into the mouth it melteth but therewithall it perisheth the gyft of memory Thys stone is founde in Nylus and Achelous and not in any third place Néere vnto the Towne of Patrae is a place called Scioessa shadowed with the couert of nine Hylls and not renowmed for any other cause then that the beames of the Sunne come almoste neuer there In Laconia is an issue out of the earth called Taenarus Taenarus is also the Headlonde against Affricke where as is the Chappell of Arion of Methymna who was brought thither by a Dolphin as hys Image of brasse witnesseth there portrayted out liuely according as the chaunce happened and as the thing was doone indéede Moreouer y â— very time expressed there namelie the twenty and nine Olympiad in which the same Arion is recorded victor at the gaming in Sicill aâ—oucheth the selfe same thing to haue béene doone There is also a Towne called Taenaron of noble antiquitie Furthermore there are certaine Citties and among them Leutrae somewhat famous by reason of the shamefull ende that the Lacedemonians made there of late and Amyclae brought to destruction in olde time through theyr owne silence and Sparta renowmed with the Temple of Castor and Pollux and also with the tytles of Otryas a manne of greate fame And Theramuâ—â— from whence first sprang the worshipping of Diana and Pitanâ— which Archâ—silaus the Stoicke who was borne there did bring to lyght by the desert of his wyseâ—ome And Anthea and Cardamilee where was sometime y â— Cittie Thyre which now is but the name of a place where was fought a notable battell betwéene the Lacedemonians and the Argyues the seauentéenth yéere of the raigne of Romulus For the Mountaine Taygeta and the Ryuer Eurotas are better knowne then that they néede to bée written of Inachus a Ryuer of Achaia cutteth throgh all the Country of Argoly which tooke his name of Inachus the first founder of the nobility of Argos The beautie of Epidaurus is the Chappell of Aesculapius where sicke and diseased personnes lodging are informed by dreames of remedyes for their maladies It is sufficient to put you in remembraunce that there is in Arcady a towne called PallanteuÌ„ which by meanes of Euander the Arcadian gaue the name to our Pallace In Arcady are the Mountaines Cyllen Lyâ—aeus and Menalus renowmed with the Gods that were fostered in them among which Erymanthus is not obscure Also among the Riuers is Erymanthus springing out of the Hill Erymanthus and the famous Ladon Héereabouts the encounters of Hercules are apparant Varro affirmeth that there is a Fountaine in Arcady which killeth as manie as drinke of it In this part of the world we finde this thing not vnworthy to be mentioned concerning byrds that whereas in other places Mauisses be yellowe as golde about Cyllen they are as whyte as milke Neyther is the stone to be despised which Arcady sendeth The name thereof is Asbest It is of the colour of yron and béeing sette on fire it cannot be quenched Into the Baye of Megara shooteth the Isthmos which is renowmed with gamings kept there euery fift yéere wyth the Temple of Neptune The said gamings as is reported were instituted in resemblance of the fiue coastes of Peloponnesus which are beaten vpon wyth fiue sundrie Seas On the Northside with the Ionian sea on the West with the Sicilian Sea on y â— Southweste with the Aegean Sea on the Northeast with the Myrtoan Sea and on the South with the Candian Sea This pastime béeing put downe by the Tyrant Cypselus was by the Corinthians restored to the former solemnitie in the fortie and nine Olimpiad But the name of Peloponnesus declareth that Pelops was king of that Countrey The platforme of it is like y â— leafe of a Plane trée with Créekes and nookes and it maketh a diuorce betwéene the Ionian Sea and the Aâ—gaean Sea disseuering the one shore from the other with a slender balke not aboue foure myles broade which for the narrownesse thereof man call Isthmos From hence beginneth Hellas which properlye they would haue to bée the true Greece That Countrey which is nowe called Attick was in former time called Actee Therâ—in is the Cittie Athens néere wherto adioyneth Scyrons Rocke extending sixe myles in length so named in honour of Theseus his victorie and in remembraunce of the notable punishment of Seyron From this Rocke Ino casting her selfe headlonge into the déepe increased the number of the Goddes of the Sea But we will not so slightlie passe ouer the Mountaines of Attick There are Icary Brilesse Lycabet and Aegialus But Hymet dooth most woorthelie beare the bell among them all because that béeing verie full of flowres the Honny therof excelleth y â— Honnie of all other places not onely of forraigne Lands but also of the same Countrey in pleasaunt sauor and taste They wonder at the Fountaine Callyrhoee yet they make not therefore the lesse account of another Fountayne called â—â—unesos The place of iudgment among y â— Athenians is called Ariopagus The plaine of Marathon was made famous by y â— report of a most bloody battell foughten there Manie Iles lye ouer against the maine Lande of Attick but Salamis Sunium Cos and Ceos which as Varro witnesseth yéelded the first Garments of fine spynning y â— were made of wooll for the decking of Women are almoste suburbes to the Cittie Baeotia is renowmed with Thebae which Cittie was builded by Amphion Not that he drew stones together with the sound of his Harpe for it cannot séeme likely that anie such thing should be doone but for that with the swéetnesse of his eloquence he allured menne that dwelt in Rocks who were altogether sauage and vnnurtured to become obedient to ciuil order and discipline This Citty glorieth in the Godds that were borne within her wals as they affirme which with holy verses doo set out the commendations of Hercules and Bacchus At Thebae is the Grouâ— Helicon the Forrest Cytheron the Riuer Ismenius and the Fountaines Arethusa Ocdipus Psamatee and Dircee but before all others Aganippe and Hippocrenâ—e which because Caâ—mus the first inuenter of Letters founde out as he rode about to searche what manner of Country he was come vnto the Poets ranne vpon the brydle of liberty publishing in theyr writinges bothe that the one of them was raised by the stamping of a winged Horses hoofe and that the other béeing tasted of did endue mennes mindes with eloquence and also that the winged Horses hoofe was opened and that the waters there of beeing dronke inspired folke wyth learning The Ilande Eubâ—a by shooting his side against the Coaste of the maine Lande dooth make the Hauen of Aulis renowmed in all ages for rememberaunce of the confederacie of Gréece The Baeotians are the same people
this is not doone without a difference For the better man he is y â— déeper colour he dyeth himselfe so that it is a token of lowe degrée to bee lightlie painted After them are the Anthropophags who like cursed caytiues féede on Mans fleshe The which custome of that wicked nation the Countryes adioyning beare witnesse of by lying continuallie waste the inhabiters of them abandoning them and running away for feare of that cruell outrage and this is the cause that from thence to the sea which they cal Tabis al along that coast which lyeth toward the Northeast the land is vtterly without inhabiter and altogether wyldernesse vntill yee come to the Seres The Chalibyes and Dahyes which inhabit a part of that Scythia that is in Asia doo differ nothing in cruelnesse from the most outragious of all But the Albanes inhabiters of the Seacoast by the Caspian Sea who will haue themselues thought to be the posteritie of Iason are borne with white hayre and haue hore heads as soone as theyr hayre buddeth the colour whereof hath giuen name to the nation The apple of theyr eyes is of colour bright gray and therefore they sée better by night then by day The dogges that are bredde in this Countrey excell all other beastes for they pull downe Bulles kill Lyons and hold whatsoeuer they are put at In consideration whereof they deserued to be spoken of in Chronicles We read that as Alexander was going toward Inde the King of Albanie sent him two dogs for a present Of which the one so disdained Swine and Beares brought before him that béeing offended with the basenes of the pray he lay still a great while and would not once â—turre at them Alexander thinking him to bee but a cowardly curre because he knewe not hys properties commanded him to be killed But the other at the information of them that brought the present béeing put to a Lyon kylled him And anon after spying an Oliphant hee made a great leaping and skypping for ioy and beeing put to him first tyred the Beaste with cunning fyght and afterward to the great feare of them that looked on pulled him downe to the grounde These kinde of Dogs groweth to a very large syse and make a farre terribler noyse in theyr barking then is the roaringe of a Lyon These things are peculiar to y â— dogs of Albanie the rest are common to all dogges All dogs generally doo loue their Maisters as is manifest by examples In Epyre a dogge descrying the murtherer of his Master in a great thronge bewrayed him by barking When Iason of Lycia was slayne hys dogge forsaking meate dyed for hunger When the fire was kindled wherein the corse of King Lysimachus should be burned his dog threwe himselfe into the flame was consumed wyth him Two hundred dogs brought home the King of the Garamants out of exile and ouercame them in battell that withstoode them The Colophonians Castabalenses carryed dogges with them to the warres and made theyr foreward alwayes of them In the time that Appius Iunius and Publius Silius were Consulles a dogge folowed his Master that was condemned to pryson and could not bee driuen away and anone after when he was executed hee followed howling after him And when the people of Rome for pittie gaue him meate he carryed and layd it to his dead Masters mouth Lastly when the carkasse was caste into Tiber he swamme to it and endeuoured to beare it aboue the streame Onely dogges know their owne names and remember the wales that they haue gone The Indians when their Bitches goe proud tie them in the Forrestes to haue them limed by Tygers of whom they caste away the firste litter and likewise the seconde as the which will serue to no purpose because of their excéeding cruelnesse the thyrde they kéepe vppe The dogs of Aegypt neuer lap of the Nyle but running for auoyding the Crocodiles which lye in wait for theÌ„ Among the Anthropophags in y e part of Asia are numbred the Essedons who likewise are embrewed with the same vngracious foode It is the manner of the Essedons to follow the corses of theyr Parents singing and calling together a knot of their next Neighbours to teare the carkesses a sunder with their téeth dressing them with other flesh of beastes to make a feast with them The skulles of them thâ—y binde about with Golde and vse them as mazers to drinke in The Scythotaurians offer vppe straungers in sacrifice The Nomades giue themselues to grazing The Georges that are situate in Europe occupie Tillage The Axiaks béeing likewise situate in Europe neyther couet other mens goods nor set anye store by their owne The Satarches vtterly condenâ—ning the vse of Gold and Siluer haue banished couetousnes out of their CoÌ„mon weale for euer The Scythians that dwell more into the firme lande liue much more straightlie They kéepe in Caues they make themselues drinking Cuppes not as the Essedons do but of the skulls of their enemies they loue fighting they sucke the blood out of the woundes of them that are slayne their reputation encreaseth by the number of slaughters from which it is a reproche among them to haue cléere handes they make leagues by drinking eche of others bloode wherein they not onely keepe the custome of theyr owne Countrey but also borrowe the manner of the Medes In that warre that was helde the fortie and nine Olympiade which was the sixe hundred and fourth yéere after the wynning of Troy betwéene Alyattes King of Lydia and Astiages King of Media the league was confirmed after the same fashion Amphitus and Telchius the wagoners of Castor and Pollux builded Dioscorias the chiefe Cittie of Colchos from whence the nation of the Henioches had their beginning Beyond the Sauromats that are in Asia where Methridates hid himselfe and from whence the Medes had theyr originall The Thalians march vpoÌ„ those nations which East ward lie vpon the entring of the Caspian Sea which entrance after a maruellous manner dooth emptye 〈◊〉 and encrease by drowght Out of the Mountains of y e Henioches issueth Araxes out of y e mountaines of the Moscouits issueth Phasis But Araxes rayseth his head a little way from the spring of Euphrates and from thence runneth into the Caspian Sea The Arimaspes which are â—ituat about Gesglithron are a people that haue but one eye Beyâ—nde them and the Mountaine Ryphey is a Countrey continually câ—uered with Snowe called Pteropheron For the incessant falling of the hore frosts and Snow maketh there a likelihood of fethers a damned parte of the worlde is it and drowned by nature it selfe in the clowde of endlesse darknes and vtterly shut vppe in extreame colde as in a pryson euen vnder the very Northpole Onelie of all Landes it knoweth no distinction of times neyther receyueth it any thynge else of the ayre then euerlastyng Winter In the the
a Country full of rowgh woods plentiful of cruell wilde Beastes and stored aboundantly with Tygers a kinde of Beastes notable for the goodlye spottes wherewith their coates are powdred and for theyr swiftnes Their colour is a bright yellowe which béeing powdred with drops of black make a very trim show by reason of the varietie therof I am not able to say whither it be their nimblenesse or their eagernes that furthereth their swiftnes For nothing is so long but they passe it ouer in short time nothing is gone so farre afore them but they ouertake it by and by But most of all they show what they are able to doo when they haue littered and when they pursue them that haue stolne away their whelps For though poste horses be layd by the way and that they worke neuer so subtillie to goe cléere away with theyr bootie yet if the Sea â—e not at hand to rescue them all their endeuour is in vaine And it is noted in them oftentimes that if perchaunce they sée the stealers that haue carryed away their welppes sayling away againe after they haue raged in vaine they cast themselues headlong into the Sea as it were to punish their owne slownesse by wylful drowning themselues and yet of all their whelps which are manie in number scarsely may one be coÌ„â—eied awaie Of Panthers also is great store in Hyrcanie which are spotted with little round specks in such sort that the hayre of their skins which is either white or of a skye colour is beset with round eyes of yellow It is reported that cattell are wonderfullie delighted with the sent beholding of theÌ„ and that as soone as they perceiue them they hearde together in hast and are not afraid but onely of the grimnesse of their looke For which cause the Panthers hiding their heads sette forth the rest of their bodyes to looke vpon to the intent that when the Cattell are astonied in gazing they may fall vpon them and deuour them without danger But the Hyrcans as mans nature is euer full of deuises kill them more commonly with poyson then with weapon They stéepe flesh in y e iuyce of Lybardbane and caste it in the waies where diuers pathes meete the which as soone as the Panthers haue eaten by by their throats are troubled with y e squince and therfore the wéede is called in Gréeke Pardalianches But the Panthers against this venome deuoure mans dunge and so by a remedie of their own finding withstande their destruction They are very long in dying in so much that they liue a greate while after that their bowels are taken out In these wooddy couÌ„tries are also Lybards a second kind of Panthers sufficientlie knowne and therfore not to be entreated of with further circumstaunce Betwéene these and the Lyonesses matching against kinde are engendred bastarde Lyons without force or courage CAP. XXVII From whence the Midland Seas haue theyr beginning FOrasmuch as we are in the matters of Pontus it is not to bee omitted from whence the Mydland Seas doo rayse theyr heads For some are of opinioÌ„ that they take their beginning at the streights of Marrok and that they haue none other originall than the waues of the Ocean breaking in at that place the liuely operation wherof sheading it selfe abroade canseth the flowings ebbings of the tydes on diuers coasts of the mayneland as for examples sake in a part of Italy They that are of the contrarie opinion say how all that flowing coÌ„meth from the mouth of Pontus and thys they auouche wyth no tryfling argument because the tyde that commeth out of Pontus neuer ebbeth backe againe CAP. XXVIII Of certaine Iles in Scythia FOurscore myles from the Bosphor of Thrace is y â— Ile of the Apollonits situate on thys side Ister froÌ„ whence Marcus Lucullus brought vnto vs the Apollo of the Capitoll Against the mouth of Borysthenes is the Iland of Achilles with a Church wherein commeth no byrde and if any come by chaunce shee flyeth away againe with all the spéede she can make CAP. XXIX Of the North Ocean of the Caspian Sea and of the Iland Baltia THe North Ocean on that part where Paropamisus a Ryuer of Scythia washeth into it is named of Hecataeus Amalchium which in y e language of that nation signifieth the Frozen sea Phylaemon saith that from the Cimbrians to the Promontorie Rubeas it is called Morimarusa which is as much to saie as the dead Sea Whatsoeuer is beyonde Rubeas is called Cronium That the Caspian Sea on the otherside of Pontus beyonde the Massagets and the Scythians called Apellaeans in the coast of Asia is swéete of taste it was tried by Alexander the great and afterwarde by Pompâ—y the great who in his warres against Methridates as Varro one of his fellow Souldiours reporteth would néedes knowe whither it were true or no by drinking of it himselfe It is reported that it commeth so to passe by reason of the number of Riuers whereof there falleth such a sort into it that they alter the nature of y e Sea I must not let passe that at the same time the said Alexander was able to come in eyght daies out of Inde from Bactria vnto the Riuer Iâ—arus which runneth into the Riuer Oxus and from thence to y e Caspian sea and so by the Caspian to passe into y â— streame of the Ryuer Cyrus which runneth betwéene the marches of Iberia and Armenie From Cyrus also conueying his Shippes after him by lande hee came in fiue daies at the most to the Channell of Phasis at whose issue it is manifestlie proued that those which come out of Inde may be brought into Pontus Xenophon of Lampsacum affirmeth that we may saile from the sea coast of Scythia to the Ilande Baltia in thrée dayes the greatnesse whereof is vnmeasurable and almoste like vnto a maine land from whence it is not farre to the Ilands called Oones the inhabiters whereof liue by egges of Sea-foules and the séede of wylde Dates and that other Iles adioyning therevnto doo liue after the same sort or which the people that are called Hyppopodes béeing shaped in all points like men downe to the instep haue féete like horses He sayth also howe there are other Ilandes and a nation called Phanesians whose eares are of such an vnmeasurable syse that they couer the rest of theyr bodyes with theÌ„ and néede none other apparrell to clothe theyr limbes with then theyr owne flappes CAP. XXX Of Harts and Tragelaphâ—s BBefore we steppe aside froÌ„ Scythia me thinks it a matter of conscience to passe ouer what beastes are peculiar to that Countrey There is greate store of Harts in this lande therefore we wil treate of Harts firste The male Déere of this kinde when rutting time comes are madd fonde ouer the Hyndes Although the Hyndes bee bukt before yet are they not wyth fawne vntill the star Arcturus ryse neither
degree and therefore not altogether so famous béeing with much adooe and after much serching oftentimes of the Gaolers leaste shee shoulde haue carryed any meate in with her suffered to goe to her father who was condemned to the punishment of perpetuall prysonne was founde to séede him with the milke of her breasts which thing consecrated bothe the déede and the place For the Father which was condemned to death béeing gyuen vnto his daughter was reserued in remembraunce of so woorthy a déede and the place béeing dedicated to the power that wrought the déede was made a Chappell and entitled the Chappell of godlines The ship that brought the holy misteries out of Phrygia in following y e hearelace of Claudia gaue vnto her the preheminence of chastitie But Sulpitia the daughter of Paterculus and wyfe of Marcus Fuluius Flaccus was by the verdite of all the Ladyes in Rome aduisedlie chosen out of a hundred of the vertuousest of them to dedicate the Image of Venus according as y â— bokes of Sybill gaue warning to be done As touching the title of happinesse hee is not yet found that may rightly be iudged happy For Cornelius Sylla was happie rather in name then in déede Surelie Cortiua iudged onelie Aglaus to be blessed who béeing owner of a poore péece of ground in y â— narrowest nooke of all Arcadie was neuer founde to haue passed out of the boundes of his naturall soyle CAP. VII Of Italy and the prayse therof and of many peculiar thinges that are founde therein AS concerninge Man I haue saide sufficient Now to the intent we may returne to our determined purpose our stile is to be directed to the recital of places and chiefelie and principally to Italy y e beautie whereof we haue alreadie touched lightly in the Cittie of Rome But Italie hath béene written of so throughlie by all menne and specially by Marcus Cato that there cannot bée found that thing which the diligence of former Authors hath not preuented for the Country is so excellent as it ministreth matter of praise aboundantly while the notablest writers consider the healthfulnesse of y â— places the temperatenesse of the ayre the fruitfulnes of the soyle the open prospects of the Hills the coole shadowes of the woods the vnhurtful lowe grounds the plentifull increase of Uines and Oliues the Sheepes courses the pasture groundes so manye Riuers so great Lakes places that beare flowers twice a yéere together with the Mountaine Veseuus casting vppe a breath of flaming fire as if it had a soule the Bathes with their springes of warme water the continuall beautifing of the Land with newe Citties so goodlie a sight of auncient Townes which first y e Aborigens Arunks Pelasgians Arcadians Sicilians and lastlie the inhabiters of all parts of Greece and aboue all others the victorious Romaines haue builded Besides this it hath shoares full of Hauens and coastes with large Bayes and harbouring places meete for trafficke from all places of the world Neuerthelesse least it may séeme altogether vntouched of our part I think it not vnconuenient to busie my wittes about those thinges that haue béene least beaten and slightly to trauell through those thinges y e haue béene but lightly touched and tasted by others For who knoweth not that IaniculuÌ„ was either named or builded by Ianus Or that Latium was called so Saturnia of Saturne Or that Ardea was builded by Danace Polydee by the companions of Hercules Pompeios in Campane by Hercules himselfe because that after his victory in Spayne hee draue his Oxen with a pompe that way Or that the stonie fieldes in Lombardy tooke theyr names of that that Iupiter fighting against y e Gyants is supposed to haue rayned downe stones thither Or that the Region Ionica tooke his name of Ionee the daughter of Naulochus whom Hercules is reported to haue slaine because he malepartlie stopped y e waies against him Or that Alcippe was builded by Marsias king of the Lidians which béeing afterward swallowed with an Earthquake was dissolued into the Lake Fucinus Or that the Temple of Iuno of Argos was founded by Iason Pisae by Pelops the Dawnians by Cleolans the Sonne of Minos the Iapigians by Iapix the Sonne of Daedalus the Tyrrhenians by Tyrrhenus King of Lydia Cora by Dardanus Argilla by the Pelasgians who also brought Letters first into Latium Phalisca by Halesus the Argiue the Phalerians by Phalerius the Argiue Fescininum also by the Argiues the Hauen of Parthenium by the Phocenses Tybur as Cato witnesseth by Catillus the Arcadian the Admirall of Euanders fléete or as Sextius saith by the youth of Argos For Catillus the Sonne of Amphiaraus after the monstrous destruction of his Father at Thebae béeing sent by his Grandfather Oecleus with all his issue or ceremonies into Italy begot there thrée Sonnes Tyburtus Cora and Catillus who dryuing out of the Towne the Sicanes of Sicill y â— anncient inhabiters thereof called the Cittie after the name of the elder brother Tyburt Anon after was the Temple of Minerua builded by Vlisses among the Brutians The Ilande of Ligaea tooke his name of the bodie of the Meremaid Ligâ—a cast a land there Parthenopee was so called of the Meremaide Parthenopees Tombe which towne it pleased Augustus afterward to call Naples Prenestee as Zenodotus reporteth tooke his name of Praenest the Nephewe of Vlisses and Sonne of Latinus or as the bookes of y â— Prenestines make mention of Caeculus whom the Sisters of the Digitians found by the fatall fires as the bruite goeth It is knowne that Petilia was founded by Philoctete Arpos and Beneuent by Diomed Padua by Antenor Metapont by the Pylians Scyllace by the Athenians Sybaris by the Troyzenians and by Sagaris the sonne of Aiax of Locres Salentum by the Lycians Ancon by the Sicilians Gabye by Galace and Bius of Sicill brothers Tarent by the posteritie of Hercules the Ilande Teâ—sa by the Ionians rest by the Dorians Croton by Myscell and Archia Rhegium by the Chalcidians Cawlon and Terin by the Crotonians Locros by the Naritians Heret by the Greekes in the honour of Iuno whom they call Hera Aritia by Archilocus the Sicilian whereof the name as liketh Cassius Hermina is deriued In thys place Orestes by admonishment of the Oracle hallowed the Image of Diana of Scythia which he had fetched from Taurica before hee went with it to Argos The Zanclenses builded Metawre and the Locrines builded that Metapont which is now called Vibo Baccbus saith plainelie that the Vmbrians are the auncient of-spring of the Galles Marcus Antonius affirmeth that they were called Vmbrians in Greeke because that in the time of the generall destructioÌ„ that was by water they escaped the daunger thereof Licinius is of the opinion that the originall of Messapia which was giuen by Messapus a Gréeke was afterwarde turned into the name of Calabrie which in the first beginning Peucerius the Brother of Oenotrius had named Peâ—ceria The like agreement also
himselfe the fact is detected by blindnesse and he is driuen to confesse hys faulte in darknesse with the losse of hys eyes CAP. X. Of Sicill and the Land Pelorias and the nature of the waters there of the Mountaine Aetna and many other wonders of that Ile and of the seauen Iles called Vulcanes Iles. ANd if wee haue respecte to the order of the times or of the places after Sardinia the matters of Sicill doo call vs next First because that bothe those Iles béeing broughts in subiection to the Romains were made Prouinces both at one time For Marcus Valerius was made Gouernour of Sardinia and C. Flaminius Pretor of Sicill all in one yéere and secondly for that immediatly after you are out of the straighte of Sicill the Sea beareth the name of the Sardine Sea Sicill therefore which thing is firste and formost to bee marked by reason of his heads shooting foorth is platted thrée cornered Pachynnus lookes toward Peloponnesus and the South coast Pelorus beholdeth Italy butting Westward vppon it Lylibye shooteth towarde Affrick Among which the Countrey about Pelorus is commended for the temprature of y e soyle inasmuch as it neyther washeth away into durt through ouermuch moysture nor crumbleth into dust through ouermuch drynesse Where it goeth further into the maine land-warde and enlargâ—â—h in wydenesse it hath three Lakes Of the one that it is well stored with fish I count no great wonder But the next vnto it for that in the thirke groues among the shadowy shrubbes of young trées it nourisheth wilde beastes and admitteth hunters by drye pathes wherein they may haue accesse a foote by land seruing to bothe vses of hunting fishing is numbred among the notable thinges The third is prooued to bee holie by an Altar standing in the mids which deuideth the shallowes from the deepes All the waie that leadeth vnto it the water is but midde legge déepe Whatsoeuer is beyonde may neither be gaged nor touched If it be he that attempteth it is punished for his labour and looke howe much of himselfe he putteth into the water so much he goeâ—h about to destroy They say that a certaine man threw a line as farre as he coulde into the déepes and y â— as to recouer it againe he thrust his arme into the water to the intent to haue y e more strength to pull his hand became rotten The coaste of Polorias is peopled with inhabitants of Tauromiuâ— which Men in old time called Naxus The towne of Messana is sette diâ—ectly oueragainst Rhegium of Italy vnto the which Rhegium the Greekes gaue that name by reason of the breaking of that place Pachinnum is moste plentifull of Tunnyes and alother Sea fish and therefore there is alwaies great fishing The beautie of the Headlond of Lyliby is the Towne Lyliby with the Tombe of Sybill Long before the sâ—edge of Troy King Sicanus arryuing in the Ile with an Hoste of Spanyards named it Sicanie Afterwarde Siculus the Sonne of Neptune called it Sicill Into this land reâ—oâ—ted many of the Corâ—nthyans Argiuâ—s 〈◊〉 Dorians and Men of Candy Among whom also the Master of all Carpenters Masons hath the chiefe Cittie Syracuse in which euen in winter season when fayre wether is hidden the Sunne shyneth euery day Moreouer the Fountaine Arâ—thusa is in this Cittie The highest hylles in it are Aetna and Eryx Aetna is hallowed vnto Vulâ—ane and Eryx vnto Venus In the toppe of Aetna are two chinkes which are named Cuppes at which the vapor bursteth out with a great roaring going before which runneth rumbling a long while together in the bowels of the earth through the burning brakes of hollow holes within Neither doo the flake of strorâ—se out vntill such time as the roaring rumbling wythin haue gone before This is a great wonder And it is no lesse wonder that in that burning heate nature is so stubborne that it bringeth foorth snowe mingled wyth the fire and that although it boyle in outragious heare yet the toppe of it is whyte with snowe as if it were continuall winter There is therefore aninuincible force in bothe so that neyther the heate is abated by the colde nor the colde asswaged by the heate There are also two hyls Buckhyll and Neptunes hyll Uppon Neptunes is a watchtowre that looketh into the Tuskane and Adriatish Seas Buckhyll taketh hys name of the store of redde and fallowe Déere that walke vp and down there in heards Whatsoeuer Sicill bringeth foorth whither it bee by the nature of the soyle or by the dâ—uice of Man it is next those thinges that are iudged to be the best sauing that in the fruits of the earth there is none comparable to the fruite of Centuripe Heere was the Commedy inuented heere came the sporting of Iesters firste vppon the Stage heere was the house of Archimedes who accordynge to the Sryence of Astronomie was the fyrste inuenter of Engynes Héere was that Lais that hadde rather choose her Countrey then bee knowne of her Countrey The great Caues vnder the grounde beare witnesse of the race of the Cyclops The place wherein the Lestryâ—oâ—s dwelt beareth theyr name still Of that Country was Ceres the Ladie of â—â—llage and husbandry In the selfe same place is the fielde of Aenna continuallie full of Flowres and freshe like the spring euerye day of the yeere by which there is a hole sunken into the grounde whereat Dis the Father of Hell hadde frée passage into the worlde as â—ame goeth when hee raâ—ished Proserpine Betwéene Catina and Syracuse is contention for the memoriall of the two famous Brethren whose names eche part chaleâ—geth seuerallie to themselues If we giue eare to the Caâ—nenses it was Anapias and Amphinomus If we credite that which the Sâ—acusans would willingly haue we must thinke they were Acâ—â—â—nthius and Critâ—o Neuerthelesse the cause of y â— déede procéeded from the Countrie of Catina Into which at such time as the fire of Aetna had burst out two young-men taking vppe theyr Parents carryed them out through the flames vnhurt of the fire They y â— came after didde so reuerence the memorie of these younge men that the place where they were buried was named the field of the godly As touching Arâ—thusa and Alpheus it is true vnto thys day that the fountaine the Ryuer méete both in one channell In the Riuer is the greatest store of wonders If any man that is not of chast cleane life take of y â— water of y â— fountaine Diana which runneth by Camerine the liquor of the wine and the liquor of the water will not ioyne in one substance Among the Segestans the Ryuer Herbesus séething vp suddainlye in the mids of the streame becommeth excéeding hote Acis for all that it issueth out of the Mountaine Aetna yet can no Riuer be colder then it is Hymeâ—us is altered with the Coast of the
aduentures should be brought vp priuilie héere The Childe bearing his Fathers name as he grew to mans estate so also grewe in courage and stomacke méete for hys royall race and conquering all that extendeth to the Coast of Macedony and the Adriatish Sea hee called the Land whereof he was ruler Orestide Phlaegra in which place before there was anye Towne there the report goeth y â— a battell was fought betwéene the hoste of Heauen and the Gyants dooth put vs in minde to declare throughlie with how great proofes of soueraigntie there the tokens of that Heauenlie warfare haue and doo continue it vnto thys day If at any time as it commeth to passe indéede the brookes ryse with foule weather and the excesse of waters breaking theyr bankes doo shoote themselues ouer violently into the fields they say that euen now through the gulling of the water are discouered benâ—s like to mens carkasses but farre bigger which for the vnmeasurable hugenesse of them are reported to haue béene the bodies of that monstruous Army And thys opinion is furthered with the euidence of excessyue great stones wherewith heauen was thought to haue béene assaulted I will procéede to the residue which extende into Thessaly and Aemony For they be heigher then that in anie place the height of the Mountain is able to reache theruntâ— Neither is there any thing in anie Land vnder Heauen that may woorthely bee compared héereâ—nto in height as wherevnto only the rage of water neuer attained when y â— flood ouerwhelmed all thinges els with woozie moistnesse There remaine yet prints of no small credite whereby it appeareth that these places were aboue the stormy flood For in the darke Caues of the Hilles which at that time were eaten hollow with the strugling of the water the shelles of Fishes are left behinde and many other things which are cast vppe by the working of the rowgh Sea so that although to sée to the places bée mayne Land yet they haue a resemblaunce of y â— Sea shore Nowe will I speake of the Inhabiters Aemathius who was the first that obtained soueraigntie in Amathia whither it be because the knowledge of his pedegrée is worne out by time or because it is a matter farre fette is counted to bee bredde of the earth After him the name of Aemathia which procéeded froÌ„ him continued to the Realme of Macedony But Macedo the Nephewe of Dâ—ucalion by the Mothers side who onelie with the familie of his housholde scaped from the general destruction chaunged the name and called it Macedony after himselfe After Macedo followed Caranus Captaine of a companie of Peloponesians who according to the aunswere gyuen by Apollo builded a Citty in the same place where he had séene a hearde of Goates sitte and named it Aegaea in which place the custome was to bury theyr Kings neyther was it lawfull among the auncient Macedones to burie their chiefe states in anie other place than there After Caranus succéeded Perdicas in y â— two and twentith Olimpiad who was the firste that bare the name of King after whom came Alexander the Sonne of Amintas who was counted rich and not without cause For he had so good successe in encreasing his substaunce that he first of all men sent Images of cleane golde for a gyft one to Apollo at Delphos and another to Iupiter at Elis. He was greatlie giuen to delight hys hearing insomuch that for hys pleasures sake he entertained with honourable pensions as long as he liued manie that were cunning vppon Instruments among whom was Pyndarus the Harper From this man Archelaus receiued the kingdome who was a politick Prince in feates of warre and the firste deuiser of battell vppon the Sea Thys Archelaus was so great a louer of learning y â— he made Euripides the Tragicall Poet one of his priuie Counsell At whose burial he was not content to follow the Herse onelie but also he shore his hayre and vttered in countenauâ—ce the sorrowe that he conceiued in hys hart The same Archelaus winning the wager in running with Chariots at the gaminges of Pythia and Olimpus shewed himselfe rather to haue the hart of a glorious Greeke then of a royall King in séeking that kind of prayse After Archelaus the state of Macedony béeing troubled with dissention at last was stayed in the raigne of Amyntas who had thrée Sons of whom Alexander succéeded his Father who béeing dispatched out of the way the fruition of that great preheminence was first giuen to Perdicas by whose decease the Kingdome was left by inheritance vnto his Brother Philip who as we tolde you before lost hys right eye at Methone of which maine there had gone a fore token before For at his marriage â—easte it is reported that the Musitians which serued that daie sung as it were in sport a song of the one eyed Gyants called Cyclops Thys Phillip begat great Alexander howbeit that Olympias Alexanders Mother coueting to purchase hym a nobler Father auouched him to haue béene begotten by a Dragon But howsoeuer the case stoode Alexander so behaued himselfe that he was beléeued to be the Sonne of a God He trauailed ouer the worlde vsing the direction of Aristotle and Callisthenes Hee conquered Asia the lesse Armeny Iberia Albany Cappadocia Syria and Aegypt He passed ouer y e Mountaines Taurus and Caucasus He subdued the Bactrians hée raigned ouer the Medes and Persians Hée wan Inde and went beyond all that Liber and Hercules reached vnto He was of personage more statelie than Man with long and straight necke chéerefull cléere eyes chéekes ruddy with a pleasantnesse and comely featured in all proportions of bodye not without a certaine maiestie Béeing conqueror of all men hee was hymselfe a thrall to wyne and wrath Through surfette of drunkennesse he died at Babylon somewhat after a more base and vncomely sorte then he had lyued Wée finde that those that came after him were borne rather to increase the glory of the Romaines then to inherite so great renowne Macedony bringeth foorth a stone which they call Paeantis The common reporte goeth that this stone doth helpe Women bothe in the time of theyr conception and in the time of their labour It is founde much about the Tombe of Tyresias CAP. XIIII Of the manners and customes of the Thracians Of the places and peoples of Thrace Of Cranes and Swallowes Of Hellespont Of the Ilande Clarob and of the Aegaeum Sea NOw it is time to take our iourneye into Thrace and to sette sayle toward the puissantest Nations of Europe which whosoeuer will looke vpon aduisedlie shall easily finde that there is a contempt of life in the barbarous Thracians through a certaine discipline of moother wytt They agrée all to die willingly some of them beléeuing that the soules of them that decease returne againe and othersome thinking that they die not but are in a more happie and blisful state Among most of them
that these foules are in the tuition of Latona They are not to bée séene at all seasons but haue theyr time of comming which is when Sommer is gone When they passe ouer the Seas they flye leysurely at y e first cherryshing theyr strength wyth flying softly for feare of a longer iourney But as soone as they spy Lande they cluster on a flock and thronging close together make all the spéede they can which hast of theyrs doth oftentimes turne to the destruction of them that are vpon the Sea For it happeneth in the nights that they rende the tackling and bearing the sayleclothes before them by violeâ—ce turne the bottomes of the kéeles vpwarde They neuer settâ— foorth whyle the Southerne winde bloweth for feare of the force of a more swelling foggie blaste They commonly coÌ„mitt themselues to the Northerne wyndes to the intent that the gale thereof béeing more drie and more vehement may the easlyer carrie their bodies which are somewhat fatte and by reason therof somewhat slow also Hée that guydeth the flocke is called Ortygometra As soone as he draweth towarde the Land the Gossehawke which watcheth for the nonce seazeth vppon him and therefore it is all theyr séeking to get them a guyde of a straunge broode by whom to escape the first daunger Their chiefe delight is to féede vpoÌ„ the séede of venemous hearbs and therefore wisemen haue forbidden them their Tables And thys lyuinge creature onely sauing manne suffereth the falling sicknesse CAP. XVIII Of the Ile Eubaea nowe called Nigropont THe Ile of Eubaea is disseuered with so small a cut from the maine land of Baeotia that it is to bee doubted whether it bee to be numbred amoÌ„g Ilands or no. For on that syde which they call Eurypus it is ioyned to the Lande with a brydge and is gone vnto a foote by the frame of a very short Engine It shooteth into the North with the Promontorie Caeneum and with two other it extendeth into the South whereof Gerastus faceth the Countrey of Athens and Caphreus looketh into Hellespont where after the destructioÌ„ of Troy whether it were through the wrath of Minerua or as the certainer report goeth through the influence of the Starre Arcturus the Gréeâ—â—iâ—h Nauie suffered great losse by shipwrack CAP. XIX Of the Ilande Paros and the stone Sarda PAros is renowmed for the Marble that is in it Next Delos it is the beste inhabited w t townes But before it hadd y â— name of Paros it was called Minoia For béeing conquered by Minos as long as it coÌ„tinued vnder the Cretish dominion it was called Minoia Besides the Marble it yéeldeth the stone Sarda which is better then Marble but yet accounted as basest of all Iewels Eyghtéene myle from Delos is the Ile of Naxos wherin is the Towne of Srongyle But before it was called Naxus it bare the name of Dyonisia eyther because it was the harborough of Bacchus or els because it excelled the rest in fruitfulnes of Uines Besides these there be many moe of y e Circle Iles but y â— things that are chiefly worthy to be remembred are in the Iles aforesaid CAP. XX. Of the Ilande Icaros and of the Phylosopher Pythagoras of the Ilands Melos Carpathos Rhodes and Lemnos and of the shaddowe of Mount Athos ICaros also is one of the Ilands called Sporades and gaue the name to the Icarish Sea Thys Ile shooting forth in Rocks betwéene Samos and Myconus is altogether harbourlesse and because it hath no Bay nor Hauen to arryue at it is ill spoken of for the daungerousnesse of the Coastes of it Varro therefore is of opinion that Icarus of Crete perished there by shipwrack and that the place tooke hys name of the mis-fortune of the man In Samos nothing is more notable then y â— Pythagoras was that Countryman borne who béeing â—ffended at the Lordlinesse of the Tyrants forsooke hys natiue Country and arryued in Italy in the tyme that Brutus which draue the Kings out of Rome was Consull Melos which Callymachus calleth Melanis hard by Aâ—olia is the roundest of all the Iles. For Carpathus is the same whereof the Carpathian sea hath hys name The ayre is neuer so clowdye but the Sunne shyneth vppon the Rhodes The Lemnians worshippe Vâ—ulcane and therefore the chiefe Cittie of Lemnos is called Haephestia There is also y â— towne of Myrina into y e Marketsted wherof the Mountaine Athos casteth his shaddowe out of Macedonie which thing not without cause men haue noted for a wonder forasmuch as Athos is fourescore and sixe miles of froÌ„ Lemnos Surely Athos is of such a height y â— it is supposed to bee higher then from whence the rayne falleth Which opinion hath got credite héere vpon for that the ashes which are left vpon the Altars y â— stande on the toppe of it are neuer washt awaie nor doo in anie wise diminish but doo alwaies continue euen in the same heape that they were raked vppe in On the toppe of it was sometime y â— Towne Acrothon wherin the Inhabiters liued halfe so long againe as the inhabiters of other places and therfore the Greekes cal the people thereof Macrobians which is as much to say in our language as longliued CAP. XXI Of Hellespont Propontis the Bosphor of Thrace and of the maruellous nature of the fishes called Dolphins THe fourth coast of Europe beginneth at Hellespont and endeth at the mouth of Maeotis Al the saide widenesse which deuideth Europe and Asia a sunder gathereth into a straight of seaueÌ„ furlongs This is Hellespont héere did Xerxes make a brydge of shippes and passe ouer a foote From thence stretcheth a narrowe arme of the Sea to a Cittie of Aâ—ia called Priapus which Alexander the great sayled vnto and gotte it into his handes when he went about to conquer the worlde From thence wydning into a mayne Sea it groweth narrow againe toward Propontis and by and by gathereth into halfe a mile breadth and is called the Bosphor of Thrace at which place Darius conuaied ouer his armie These Seas haue manie Dolphins which haue in them many straunge things to be wondred at First and formost the Seas bréede not anie thing swifter or nimbler then them insomuch as oft-times in their leaping vpp they shóote theÌ„selues quite ouer the topps of the maine sailes of the ships Whersoeuer they become they goe by couples They bring foorth pigs and the tenth month is the ful time of their farrying and they farroe euer in Sommertime and giue their pigs sucke and while they bee verie yonge they take them in at their mouth and they wayt vpon them for a time till they wexe strong They liue thirtie yéeres as hath béene tryed by experience in cutting of theyr tailes for a marke to knowe them by They haue theyr mouthes not in y e same place where other Beastes haue but almost in theyr bellies and contrâ—rie to
of the Spanish Balearish Sea where it runneth by the prouince of Narbon it is called the Sea of Gall then Lygusticum from thence to Sicill Tuscane which y â— Greekes call Ionian or TyrrhaeniaÌ„ and the Italians the nether sea From Sicill to the Ile of Candy it is called the sea of Sicill from thence to Pamphylia and the Aegiptian Sea it is called the Cretish sea The same gull of waters wrything hys side first into the North and fetching great circuits by the Greeke lands and by Illyrik through Hellespont draweth into the straights of Propontis the which Propontis disseuering Europe and Asia extendeth to Maeontis Of the originall of the names there is no one vniforme reason It is called Asiaticke and Phaenician of the Countries Carpathian Aegaean Icarian Balearick and Cyprian of the Ilands Ausonian Dalmatian Lygustian and Thuscane of the nations Adriatish Argolicke Corynthian and Tyrian of the Townes Myrtoan or Hellespontian of the mischances of men Ionian in remembraunce of a King of that name Bosphor of the passing ouer of an Oxe or of the streights which an Oxe might swim through of the natures of the dwellers by Euxinus or as it was called before Axenus and of the order of the flowing Propontis The Egyptian sea is allotted to Asia the Gallik sea to Europe and the Affrick sea to Lybia and as the sea approcheth to any of the seueral parts of these Countries so taketh it name therafter These are in the bowels of the world But the Ocean beclippeth the vttermost coastes which according to the shoares it beateth vpon is named Arabick Persian Indian Easterne Serick Hercanish Caspian Scythick German French or British Athlaâ—tish Lybick and Aethâ—opick The flowing of the tydes whereof doth rise exceeding high about the Sea coasts of Inde and make verie great breaches ther which happeneth eyther because the waters swelling by force of heate are helde vp beyond their stint or els because that in that part of the world is farre greater aboundance of springs and Ryuers The matter is yet in question what should be the cause that the Ocean should swel or why it should fal again into it selfe considering the sâ—perfluitie thereof and it is euident y â— many things haue béene vttered rather to showe the wits of y â— disputers then to the setting forth of the trueth But to omitte the doubtfull debatings of the Demurrers we haue found thâ—se opinions to haue most likelihoode of trueth The naturall Philosophers hold opinion that the world is a liuing creature and that being compact of the diuers bodies of the Elements it is mooued by a soule and gouerned by a minde bothe which béeing shed through all the members doo put in vre the force of theyr eternalâ— moouing and therefore that like as in our bodies there is an intercourse of the breath and the soule so in the déepes of the Ocean there are as it were certaine nostrils appointed at which y e breache béeing sent out or drawne in againe dooth one whyle puffe vppe the Seas and another while call theÌ„ backe againe But they that folow the knowledge of Astronomie affyrme that these goings and comminges are mooued by the course of the Moone and that the interchaungablenesse of the ebbings and flowinges depende vppon the increasing and decreasing of her insomuch as they keepe not alwaies one ordinary stint but altar from tyme to tyme according to her approching or going away CAP. XXXVI of Lybia of the Orchyardes of the Sisters called Hesperides and of Mount Atlas OVt of Spayne my next start is into Lybia For when yee are loosened from Belon which is a Towne of Betica the next arriuall on the furtherside of that Sea which is thrée thirty miles broade is Tingie nowe a Towne inhabited with people of Mauritanie wherof Antaeus was the founder Moreouer because in that circuit the Sea of Aegypt endeth and the Sea of Lybie beginneth it hath séemed good to meÌ„ to call Affrick by the name of Lybie Some notwithstanding haue auouched that Lybie was so named of Lybia the daughter of Epaphus and Affrick of Afer the Sonne of Hercules the Lybian Liâ— also another newe inhabited Towne standeth on the same coast where was sometime the Palace of Antaeus who béeing perfecter in wynding vnwinding of knots vpon the ground then els where as if he had béene the natiue Sonne of the earth was there vanquished and put to death by Hercules As concerning the Orchyardes of the Hesperides and y e waking Dragon least the liberty of Fame might be infringed this is the very truth Out of the Sea commeth a crooked arme with so wreathed and wynding banks that to such as beholde the broken turnings of it a far of it resembleth the glyding of a Snake and it enuironeth the place that they called the Orchyard Wherevppon interpreting it to bee the kéeper of the Apples they opened a gappe to deuise lyes vpon But thys Iland so wreathed about with the wynding Channell running forward and backward which is situate in a certaine circle of the Sea hath nothing in it to prolong the memoriall of antiquitie with sauing a fewe Trées like wylde Olyues and an Altar consecrated vnto Hercules But this is a greater wonder then the golden fruite Trées or the leauie gold that though the grounde be lower then the leuell of the Sea yet the tyde neuer ouerfloweth it but the water béeing kept off by the prouidence of nature as by a Iettie stayeth at the very brimme and the waues of theyr owne accorde stand still in a circle at the innermost brewes of the Sea bankes and so through the wonderfull disposition of nature the leuell grounde continueth styl dry though the Seas come falling downeward vpon it Upon the Ryuer Sala standeth the Towne of Sala From hence by the nation of the Autolians the way lyeth to the wyldernes of Atlas The Mountaine Atlas rising out of the mids of the waste and sandy Countries and growing into a circle like the halfe moone lifteth his head aboue y e câ—wdes Where it reacheth to the Ocean that is named after him no Fountaines spring out of him but all lyeth horrible wast all is stéepe cliffs and Rocks all is loth some and barraine the grounde bare and no grasse growing thereon But where he turneth backe to Affrick warde he is rich of all kinde of fruites springing of theyr owne accorde and he is shadowed with bygh Trées the sent whereof is ranke and y e leaues like Cypresse leaues and they are couered with a kind of downe of no lesse value then silke On that side also groweth plentiously the hearbe â—â—phrobia y e iuyce whereof cléereth the eye sight and many wayes preserueth health and greatly expulseth the force of venims The top of this hyll is euermore couered wyth snowe the launes thereof are haunted with foure footed beastes and Serpents
concerning her deserts she that by the sentence of y â— Iudges is deemed to haue béene more dutifull seruicable then the rest receiueth thys reward of her victory that at her pleasure shee may leape into the fire where her Husbande is a burning and offer herselfe as a sacrifice vpon hys herse The rest lyue wyth infamie The hugenesse of theyr Serpents is so excessyue that they swallow vp Harts and other beasts of lyke bygnesse whole yea and as great as the Indian Ocean is they swym through it and passe ouer into Ilands a great way distant from the firme â—ande to séeke feeding And the selfe same thing is a good argument to proue theyr hugenesse that they haue force to passe ouer such a bredth of salt water and to attaine to the places that they ayme at There are many and wonderfull beasts out of the which multitude I wyll pick some to treate of The Leucocrote passeth all wylde Beastes in swiftnesse It is of the bygnesse of an Asse haunched like a Stagge breasted and legged like a Lyon headed like a Cammell clouen cléed mouthed vp to bothe the eares and wyth one whole round bone instéede of téeth Thus much as to his shape In voyce hee counterfetteth the spéech of man There is an Eale otherwyse like a horse tayled like an Olyphant of colour blacke chapped like a Bore armed with hornes aboue a cubit long plyable to what vse soeuer he lyst to put them For they are not stife but are bowed as neede shall require in fighting of which he putteth out the one when he fighteth and rolleth vp the other that if by any stripe the point of the one be blunted the other may succéede sharpe in hys roome He is compared to the Waterhorses and to say y e truth he delighteth in waters to The Bulls of Inde are of colour bright yellowe excéeding wight of foote with their hayre growing the contrarie way and as much mouth as head These also beare hornes plyable to what purpose they liste so hard hyded that nothing is able to enter so vnmercifullie cruell that béeing caught they kill themselues for moodinesse Among these bréedeth also y â— Manticora wyth three sette of téeth in his head checkquerwise one against another faced like a man gray eyed sanguine coloured bodied like a Lyon tayled like a Scorpion wyth a stinging pricke in the ende with so shrill a voyce that it counterfetteth the tunes of pypes and the harmony of Trumpets Hée séeketh most gréedilie after mans flesh He is so swift of foote and so nimble in leaping that there is no space so long that may forslowe hym nor anie thing so broade that can let him of hys way There are also Oâ—en with one horne and thrée horns whole hooued and not clouen cléed But the cruellest is the Unicorne a Monstar that belloweth horriblie bodyed like a horse footed like an Oliphant tayled like a Swyne and headed like a Stagge His horne sticketh out of the midds of hys â—orehead of a wonderfull brightnesse about foure foote long so sharp that whatsoeuer he pusheth at he striketh it through easily Hée is neuer caught aliue kylled he may be but taken he cannot bée The waters also bréede no lesse wonders Ganges bréedeth Eeles of fortie foote long and Statius Sebosus saith that the same Ryuer among the chiefest miracles swarmeth with wormes bothe in name and colour gray These haue as it were armes not vnder sixe cubits long a péece so boystrous of strength that with the hande thereof they take holde of Olyphants that come thither to drinke and hale them so rudelye that they pull them vnder the water The Indian Seas haue Fyshes called Thyrlpooles aboue the bygnesse of foure Acres of grounde There are also which they call Physeters which béeing huge beyonde the measure of great Pyllars lift themselues aboue the sayleyards of Shyppes and puffe out the water that they haue haled in at theyr venting pipes in such wise that many times they sinkâ— the vessels wyth the rage of water that they let fall vppon the Marryners Only Inde bréedeth the Poppiniey of colour gréene wyth a redde list about hys neck whose byll is so hard that when he is throwne from high vpon a stone he saueth himselfe vppon his byll vsing it as an extraordinary defence of hys infirmitie And his heade is so stronge that if at any time he haue néede of stripes to put him in mind of hys lesson for he learneth to speake like a man he must be knockt on the pate wyth a wande of yron While he is a Chicken and as yet vnder two yeeres old he learneth the things that are taught him more spéedilie and beareth them more stedfastly in remembraunce Aboue that age hee is somewhat more slow of taking forgetfull and vâ—apt to be taught The number of toes maketh the difference betwéene the nobler and the rascaller sorte The better haue fiue toes on a foote the worse haue thrée Hys tongue is broade and much broader then the tongues of other byrds and that is the cause of his perfection in vttering words so distinctly This naâ—ure of his made the Romaines to haue so great pleasure and delight in him that the barbarous people made a merchandise of their Poppinieyes The trées if Inde grow vp in such an excessiue height that they cannot shoote an arrowe ouer them The Orchyards haue Fig trées the bodies whereof are thréescore paces about and theyr boughes shadow two furlongs euerie way the largenesse of their leaues is compared to the shielde of the Amazons and the fruit is of verie singuler swéetnes The Fenny grounds bring foorth a Réede of such grosenes that betwéene knot and knot they make boates of theÌ„ to rowe in Out of the rootes whereof is pressed a swéete iuyce as pleasant as honny There is an Iland of Inde called Tylos which beareth Date trées bringeth forth Olyues and aboundeth in Uynes It surmounteth all landes in this one wonder that what tree soeuer groweth therein is neuer without leaues There beginneth Mount Caucasus which wyth his continuall ridge peirceth through the most part of the worlde The same hyll on hys front that faceth the Sunne beareth Pepper Trées which men affyrme to be like the Iuniper Trée and to bring forth sundrie fruits That fruite that commeth forth first is like the agglets of Hasles and is called long Pepper That which is vncorrupted is called white Pepper That which hath the skynne wrinckled and scorched wyth the heate is called black Pepper Lastly that which falleth downe and is parched with the burning Sun taketh â—ys name of hys colour But that which is stripped of the Trée as it is is called white Pepper And as onely Inde yéeldeth Pepper so alonely yéelddeth it Ebonye yet not in all places but in a verie little part of the Countrey doth it yéelde thys kynd of woode The Trée
the Rocks or els among the Dogfishes They swymme in scoles Some one is Captaine of the whole scole If he be taken euen those that escaped returne into the nett againe Inde yéeldeth perles and so doth the Seacoast of Brytaine as Iulius Caesar by the inscription y â— was written vpon if witnesseth that the brestplate which be dedicated to his mother Venus in her Temple was made of British perles It is a thing coÌ„monly knowne that Lollia Paulina the wyâ—e of the Emperour Caius had a gowne of perles valued then at foure hundred thousande Sestertius through couetousnes in getting whereof her father Marcus Lollius for spoyling the Kinges of the East offended Caius Caesar the sonne of Augustus and was put out of the Princes fauor for sorrow whereof â—e poysoned himselfe This is also registred by the diligence of old men that perles were first brought to Rome in the time of Sylla CAP. LXVI The Iournall of Inde FRom the Ilande Ausea there is a directe cut to the firme land Therfore from the Iland Taprobane let vs returne back to Inde for the thinges of Inde are worth the seing But if I shoulde make tariance about the Citties nations of Inde I should passe the bounds of my prepurposed abridgment Next vnto the Ryuer Indus they had a Cittie named Capissa which Cyrus rased Arachosia standing vppon the Ryuer Arachota was builded by Semyramis Alexander the great builded the Towne of Cadrusiâ— by Mount Caucasus wheras also is Alexandria which is thirty furlongs wyde There are manie other also but these are of the most renowmed After the Indians the Iâ—thyophags possesse the Hill Countryes whom great Alexander subduing forbad them to eate fish for they liued thereby before Beyond these are the deserts of Carmania then Persia and so a iourney by Sea wherein is the Iland of the Sunne which is alwayes red and not able to be come vnto by any liuing creature for it killeth all lyuing things that are brought into it As men returne out of Inde the first sight that they haue of Charlsis waine is at Hyâ—anis a Ryuer of Carmania They say that the dwelling of Achaemenides was in this Coaste Betwéene the Promontorie of Carmania and Arabie is fifty miles Then are there thrée Iles about which there come forth salt water Snakes of twenty cubits long Hâ—ere it is to be declared howe the way lyeth from Alexandria in Egypt vnto Inde Fyrst yée must goe by water vppe the Nyle wyth a Northeast wynde vnto Copton Then by lande vnto Hydreum From thence passing ouer certaine mansions ye come to Berenice wheras is a HaueÌ„ of the red Sea After that ye must arriue at a Hauen of Arabie called Ocelis The next arriuall vnto that is MuziruÌ„ a Marte Towne of Inde diffamed for Sea Rouers Afterward by diuers Hauens yée come to Cottonare to which Towne they conuey theyr pepper in boates made of one whole Trunke Those that goe to Inde take water eyther before the beginning of the dogge dayes or immediatly after the beginning of them in the mids of Summer And when they come backe againe they saile in December The spéediest wynd out of Inde warde is the Northeast But when they come to the Red sea then must eyther a Southeast or a full South winde serue The largenesse of Inde is reported to be seauen thousand and fifty myles The space of Carmania is a hundred myles a part wherof is not wythout Uynes Moreouer they haue a kind of men that liue by nothing els but by the flesh of Tortoyles rugged and hayrie all sauing the face which alonelie hath a thynne skinne and they be clad in skynnes of fishes They are named Chelonophages CAP. LXVII of the Gulfe of Persia and the Gulfe of Arabie and of the Azanian Sea THe red sea breaketh into these Coasts and is deuided into two Gulfs Whereof that which is toward the East is called the Gulfe of Persia because the Persians inhabit that coast It is in compasse sixe thousande and twenty myles about The other Gulfe oueragainst which lyeth Arabie is called the Arabick Gulfe and the Ocean that floweth in there is called the Azanian Sea Uppon Carmania ioyneth Persia which beginneth at the Ilande Aphrodisia welthy of sundry sortes of ryches translated sometime into y â— name of Parthians stretching fiftie myles along the sea coast where it faceth the West The noblest Towne of that Realme is Susa in which is the temple of Susia Diana A hundred and fiue and thirty myles from Susa is the towne Babytace all the inhabiters whereof for the hatred they beare to golde doo bye vp this kynde of metall and delue it déepe in the ground to the intent they shoulde not be defiled with the vse thereof and so worke vnrighteously for couetousnesse sake Héereabouts is most vncertaine measuring of grounds and not wythout cause inasmuch as some nations about Persis méet theyr lands by Schaenes some by Parasanges and othersome after an vnknowne manner so that theyr vncertaine order in méeting maketh that a man cannot tell what measure to trust vnto CAP. LXVIII of Parthia and of King Cyrus tombe PArthia is so large a Country that on y â— south-side it encloseth the red sea and on the North side the Hyrcanian Sea In it are eightéene Kingdoms which are deuided into two parts Eleuen of them which are called the vpper kingdoms beginne at the borders of Armenie and passe along the Caspian sea coast to the land of the Scithians with whom they liue like good peaceable neighbors The other seauen nether kingdoms for so they terme theÌ„ haue on the East the Aries and Arians on the South Carmania on the West the Medes and on the North the Hyrcanians And Media if selfe running ouerthwart on the west side encloseth both the kingdoms of Parthia On the North it is bounded with Armenia on the East it beholdeth the Caspians on y â— South Persis and from thence this Coast passeth foorth to a Castle which the Wysemen call Passargada and here is the Tombe of King Cyrus CAP. LXIX of Babylon of the Athlantish Ocean of the Ilands of the Gorgons and of the fortunate Iles. THe heade of the Countrey Chaldea is Babylon builded by Semyramis so renowmed that for the noblenesse thereof both the Assyrians and Mesopotamians yéelded into the name of Babilon the Cittie is in compasse thréescore myles enuironed wyth walles two hundred foote hygh and fiftie foote broade euery foote béeing longer then the foote which we measure wyth by the bredth of thrée of our longest fingers The Ryuer Euphrates runneth through it There is the Temple of Belus lupiter whom euen the religion it selfe that beléeueth there is a God reporteth to haue béene the founder of that heauenly discipline In spyght of thys Citty the Parthyans builded Ctesiphon But nowe it is time to retyre to the Coasts of the Ocean and
Eloquence or learning The singuler estimation of learning in those dayes Archilocus the Poet. Sophocles the Tragedy wryter Pindarus the Harper Possidonius the Philosopher Quintus Ennius Plato Socrates Godlinesse A poore child-bearing woman Chastitie Claudia Sulpitia Happynes Cornelius Sylla Aglaus The founders of the cheefe Citties and places in Italie Who brought Letters first into the shyre where Rome is The time of the comming of Aeneas into Italy Sybill of Cumes Sybill of Delphos Sybill of Aerithra The description of Italie The length of Italy The breadth of Italie The whole circuit of Italy * Now called mount Cimera The Ryuer Po. * Nowe called Lombardy A certaine kindred priuiledged from hurt of fire A people vnable to be hurt by Serpents Circe Augitia and Medea the daughters of Octas King of Colchos A horrible kind of Viper A wonderfull kind of Snake Wolues Hartwolues Lynxes The stone Lyncurion * That is to say Lynxpisse Dumb Grashop pers * The Sea of Genoa Corall The Syrtite oâ— sandstone The VeieÌ„tane Stone * This Ilande is nowe called S. Maryes of Trinitie Diomedes birds The wonderfull nature of them Dalmatia and Illyrick are novâ— one countrey and are called Sclauoni The founding of the Citty of Marsilles The description of the Ryuer of Rhone Saint Mary of Leke * Palmaria or Palmarosa * Procida * Elba * Caprara * Pianosa * Ischia * The sea of Genoa The Catochite The Shonsunne The Heaâ—be Sardonia The wholesomnesse and commoditie of the waters of Sardinia A water that discouereth theft The Plat of Cicilye a Capo passaro b Morea c The heade of the fare d Capo Boey A Lake that serues both for hunting and fishing A straunge Lake * Messana The first inhabiters of Sicill * Archimedes * Mount Gibell and the wonderfulnesse thereof * Caâ—torby * That place is now called Anna * Catanea * Saragoza A notable example of loue toward the Parents The Fountaine Arethusa and the Riuer Alpheus The Well of Diana Herbesus Acis Hymerus Saltmynes * Gergent A dauncing Fountaine A stincking Poole Vulcans Hyll See howe the deuill can worke false miracles * The Agate The Ring of king Pyrrhuâ—â— Coralagats The whole circuit of Sicilie Vâ—lcans Iles. * Maretam * Strombolie * Aâ—â—cur * Faelicaâ—â—â— * Cimera of Albany * Albanye A well of strang nature Dodon Delphos The situation of Acarnania * The Galacâ—â—â—â— or Milk-stone Scioessa * The Country about Lacedemon The storie of Arion the Mufician that was brought thether through the Sea vppon a Dolphins backe * Called also Lacedemon and now called Miâ—ithra Taygeta Inachus Epidaurus nowe called Rhagusia and Dubronik Arcady * This Fountaine was named Phineus White Mauisses The stone called Asbest The gamings of Isthmos * Now called Morea The description of Peloponnesus The true Greece Athens nowe called Satmes Mount Hymet The Fountaine Callyâ—hoe This battell waâ— betweene the Persians and Athenians Baeotia Thebae nowe called Thiua Helicon * Horsewell * Negroponâ— The Hauen of Aulis Two wonderfull Ryuers The Partriches of Baeotia The nature of Partriches in generall * Betweene Caesar and Pompey Mount Olimpus * Modon Philoctetes The bounds of Macedonie * The people of Seruia Rascia The Orestides The Gyants war agaynst Heauen The descent of the kinges of Macedoni * Which may be interpreted Goteham King Alexander a louer of Musick Kinge Archelaus a louer of Learning King Phillip Great Alexandeâ— The stone Paeantis * Romania The manners and customes of the auncient Thracians The Ryuer Hebrus Mount Haemus Abdera Democritus Of the nature and order of Cranes * It may be interpreted Goldenhorne * Constantinople * Durazo * The Sea of Constantâ—nople The nature of Swallowes * That is to say a narrow balke of grounde betweene two seas * It may be interpreted Hartsted * Dogs Tombe or dogs graue * Danow or Tonware * Corâ—u * Now Candiâ— The situation of Candy * Or Gotesea The auncient names of Candy * The blessed Ile Of things first founded in that Ile Mount Ida. The manners and customes of the auncient Candians Illusion of the deuill by walking Ghostes What thinges Candy breedetâ— * Hungarlesse * The Fingerstone * Brasselande * Negropont * Sdiles * Quaylland Of Qâ—ayleâ— and of theyr propertyes * The Quailguyde The headlond of Capharew * The Stone Sarda Naxus now called Nâ—xia Now it is called Nicaria Samos Pythagoras * Now called Mylo * Scarpanto * Stalimene The exceeding height of Mounâ— Athos * Saint Geoâ—ges arme * The Sea of Constantinople * The straighte of Constantiple and it signifieth the Oxeforde The wonderful nature of Dolphins and their loue towardes manne * Pozzolo * Neptune Tunnyes * Danow or Tonware 〈◊〉 Agats and Porphyris * They are nowe a part of Moscouia * May be interpâ—eted Fayrfeete they are also a people of Mosâ—ouia * Nepar The Neuers are now a part of Moscouia * The manners and customes of the auncient Moscouites * These were afterward called Getes and nowe are Tartarians * These also are now Tartariaâ—s * Meneaters or Cannibals * Theyr Countrey is now called Zuira Seroan Wonderful dogs of the nature and property of dogs in general Examples of the loue of dogges toward theyr Masters * It is nowe called Albanie Dogs vsed in battell The Essedons deuourers of mans fleshe * Grâ—syers * Tillmen The manners of the Vplandish Tartarians in olde time * Sebastâ—ople The wonderfull nature of the enterie into the Caspian Sea Araxes * The Arimaspes * It may be englished Fetherlande Gryffons Emerawdes Etesiaâ— Cyanies * This should seeme to be the stone called Lapis Lazulus Crystall The Hiperboreans â—he Arymphaeâ—anâ— The Cimmerians and Amazons Hircanie Of Tygers Pantherâ— A Panther and a Lybard is all one kinde of Beaste This Hearbe iâ— also called Woolfwort Lybardeâ— * Now called Nepar The Frozen Sea The water of the Caspian Sea is sweete of taste * It is nowe found to be many Ilands * They may be called Egge Ilands * Hors-feete Vnmeasurable cares Of the nature of Harts The Hearbe Dittayne The Artichoke A speciall preseruatiue against poyson A remedy against the burning Ague Gotebucks The boâ—nds the auncient Germaniâ— * They were Indwellers * Hertswalde * Elb. * Wixell Strange byrdâ— The be also câ—lled Buffles or wylde Oxen Vres Alâ—â— Sconeland * Munster taketh this beast to be the Alce * Now called Sudawe Of Amber * That is to say by the latin name of it which is Succinum The stone Callais * They may bee interpreted black â—oppes The Ceraunie or thunderstone The more part of it is now the Realme of Fraunce * The Mountaine of Geneua or the Mountaines of Auuerne * The Mountaine of Saint Claude * Sweuia * The Lake of Constance * Bauyer * Austrich anâ— Hungary * Walachy A wonderfull Oyle Britayne which nowe is England Scotland * Catenâ—sse Ireland and the
manners of the Irish men in old time not altogether altered to thys day This is founde nowe to be contrarie * It should seemâ— to be the Ile of Manne * The Ile of Wyght * Iseland * Catenesse 〈◊〉 Scotlande * The West Iles of Scotland of them are now founde aboue fortie * Orkney of them be nowe xxx Bathe Geate The plentifulnes of Spayne * Poâ—â—ingale This fable was made of the Genets because of theyr swiftnes * Granat and Andolosia * Guadalqueuer * Arragon * The thunder-stone * The Iles 〈…〉 * Byâ—â—ay * The 〈◊〉 * Euisa * Adderlanâ— * Mallorca and Menorca * Granadâ— * Cales Maleâ— * Portingaâ—â— * The streighâ— of Gibraltar 〈◊〉 Marocke Now the Sea of Fraunce * The Sea of Genoa Now the Candian Sea * Saint Georges arme * The Sea of CoÌ„stantinople * The Sea of Zabacca * Harboursome * Harbourlesse Why the tydes be higher in the East parts of thâ— worlde Reasons of the swelling of the Ocean Of Affrick and the sundry names therof * Tanger Antaeus Liâ— The Orchards of the Hesperides * The deserts of Nuâ—idie The description of Mount Atlas called of those Countrimen Dâ—ris * It shoulde seeme to be Cotton The herbe Fuphoâ—bia which some suppose to bee Eybright These seeme to be all one wyth the Fayries which appeared to men in the time of popyshe darknesse Waterhorses Crocodâ—les Called Sanguia Draconis Oliphants and of the natures and properties of them * Seren. * It signifieth the number of twenty * That is to say Grazyers Of the nature and property of Beares The Syrts 〈◊〉 whashes of Affrick * 〈◊〉 * Bona. * Coros * Tripolie Carthage Of Lyons and of the noble nature and properties of them The beast called Lyons-bane The Hyene and of hys wonderfull nature The stone â—alled Hyeuie A Crocute Wyld Asses Serpents The Cerast or Horneworme The Amphisbene or doubleâ—eade The Darter The Scytale Red Adders A Thirstworme A Sleepeworme The bloodworm The Prester The rotworme * A sandcreeper * A Leaperworme * A watersnake * The Earthdragon The stone Helytrope or Turn stone The alteration of the land like to the tydes of the Sea The Syrts or Whaâ—hes Meninx The Psylls The Nasamones The Loteaters * Minerua Cyrene Ammons horne Ammoniacke Syrpe * This is Affrick the lesse where Carthage stoode The Cockatrice and of his horrible nature God hath prouided a remedye for euery mischiefe Fiue pounde sterling The Ryuer Lethon Berenice Apes Monkyes Dogheads Sphinxes Satyres The fairhayres * Cauecreepers Carbuncles The Asbysts A wonderfull Fountaine The Garamants Strange Cattell The Ilande Gaulos * Senega The beastly manners of the Garmants of Aethyope The Aethiopians The Nomads The Syrbots The Asaches The Sambres The Agriophages or wyldeaters The Pamphags or eateals Meneaters or Cannibals Bytch â—ylkers Arthabathits * Guaguâ—ra * The Macrobians or long lyued and their manners * The Sunnes Table A strange Lake Monstrous Nations Dragons The stone called Draconce The Nabis Celphies The Hornynose The Catoblepe Wonderfull Ants. The Lycaon The Tarrandâ— The Fish Polipus * Land lyons The Woolues of Aethiop The Porkpyne The bird Pegasus The Tragop or Goteface Of Cynnamom The Iacinâ— Crysolamp The Haematiâ—e or bloodstone The Athlantians The Troglodites or Cauecreepers The stone called the threescore stone or the Sixtistone The Augyles The Gamphasants The Blemmyes The Satyrs or Woodwards The Goatefeete The crookelegs The Pharusianâ— Of Nyle Nowe called Guaguera Coniectures of the increase of Nyle * The nineteenth day of Iuly Apis the God of Egypt See howe the deuil can delude Idolaters by false Miracles Of Crocodyleâ— The bird called Trochylos The beast called the Enhydre The Dolphins of Nyle Skinks The Waterhorse The bird Ibiâ— The Fygtree of Egypt The Date Tree of Egypt Thirstlesse A straunge finding of the beginning of the yeere Thebae of Egypt Abydos in Egypt Alexandria Pharos Pyramideâ— This is Arabie â—he Desert A strange spring Arsinoe * Dwellers in Tents * Blessed 〈◊〉 happy The estimation had in old time to the water of the Riuer Eulaeus Of Frankencence What the worde Arabie signifieth Myrrhe The Phaenix Helâ—opolis What a great yeere is The Cinnamom Byrde The manners of the Arabians Not at all tymes of the yeere but openly while the Sun is in Cancer and that is but in the South part of Arabie onely Snakeaters Sardonix The Molochyte The Iris or Rainbow stone The Androdamant or Male Diamond * The Pederote called also Opalius * Edom * Now called Port Iaffe Of Andromada and the Monster The Ryuer Iordan * The dead Sea The Lake of Genezareth The Lake of Tyberias Ierusalem Iericho * Fairestreame Of Balme Sodom and Gomorrhe The secte of the Esseyes Scythoplis Mount Casius Euphrates Tygris A strange Lake The Smilax The Sagda The Myrrhite The Mythridax The Tecolythe The Ammochrise or gold-sand The Aetite or Aeglest one The Pyrrhite or Fyrestone The Chalazias or Haylstone The Echite or Adderstone The Dyonisias or Winestone The Glossopetre or Tongue-stone The Iewell of the Sunne Venus hayre Selenite or the Moonestone The Meconite or Poppy stone The Myrmecite or Antstone The Chalcophthong or brasseâ—ounde The Syderite or Ironstone The Phlogite or flame stone The Authracias or the colestone The Enydros or Waterstone The bounds of Cilicia in olde time Tarsus The Ryuer Cydnus Choaspes Corycus A description of the Caue of Corycus Soloe The description of Mount Taurus The names of Mount Taurus Mount Chimaera Asia the lesse now called Natolia Ephesus The desire of vaine glory The byrth of Alexander the great Dinocrates Horrible earthquakes Famous Poets The famous wryters of Hystories Sages Philosophers Phrygie * Pypewell The crooked Riuer Maeander Phrigya Pactolus * Goldstreame The beaste Bonasus Ionia Colophon Maeonie The prince of all Ryuers in the lesser Asia Hermus Homers byrtâ—â— and death Hesiodus * Achilleâ— Memnons birds Teuthranie * The Chameleon or earthlyon * Village Of Storks Galatia * People of Amiens The names of Bithinia The place where Hanniball was buried The Ryuer Sangaris The Hauen of Acone The Caue of Acheruse * Precop The originall of the Venetians The bounds of Cappadocia The Ryuer Lycus The nature of horses Bucephalus the horse of great Alexander The horse of Caius Caesar A Kings horse of Scythia The horse of king Nicomedes The horse of Centaretrius A horse named Opus * It is called the knappe The place of encounter between Alexander and Darius Perfumes open the Gate to excesse The Apple of Media Margiana The Bactrians The bounds of Liber Hercules Seâ—yramis and Cyrus The Ryuer Iaxartes Demodamâ—â— Of Cammels Of Sylke The bounds of East India * Goldland * Siluer land The Manners and behauioâ—r of the Indians The Aspagons Gymnosophists Strange kynd of people The Monoscelans or one legged people The hugenesse of Serpents The Leucocrote The Eale The Bulls of Inde The Manticora Strange Oxen The Vnicorne Strange Eeles * Spowters Popinieyes and Parrets Of Figtrees Reedes The prerogatiue of the Iland Tylos Of Pepper and of the Pepper-tree Ebony Calamus odoratus The Diamond and the â—undry sorts and natures of them The Syderite The Lodestone The Lychnite or Lampstone The Beryll The Chrysoberill or goldberill The châ—ysoprase or goldenâ—eeke The bastarde Iaciâ—ts The first discouerers of the Ile of Taprobane now called Zeilan Margarits or moother perleâ— A shalow Sea * They bee also called Pleiades and Athlantides Sayling by the flight of birds * Now called Rasigut A description of the personages and manners of the people of 〈◊〉 The choosing of theyr king The executing of Iustice The King is subiect to the Lawes Theyr pastymeâ— Monstrous Seâ— Tortoyses Of the Margarite or Moother perle Of Perles Vnions Perles * In stedde of Ausea it shoulde be Taprobane Arachosia * Fisheaters The Iland of the Sunne * Rasigut The way from Alexandria in Egypt vnto Indâ— * Tortoysâ—aterâ— The Gulfe of Persia The Gulfe of Arabie Persia Susa The vncertaintie of measuring in Persia Media Babylon Câ—eâ—iphoâ— The nauigation from Iâ—de to Spayne For Askos in Greeke signifieth a bottle or a Tubbe The Troglodits The Gorgon Iles. * The westerne horne The Canaries * Goateland * Snowland * Dogland Much like a Sturgion