if thou refuse to let him goe behold I will slay thy son even thy first born Exod. 4.22 23. And often he had brought them out to the confusion of mighty Pharoah and all their opposites and supplied their wants What heart would not melt to ponder that affectionate winning speech And now Israel what doth thy Lord thy God require of thee but to fear thy God and to walk in his waies and to love him and to serve thy Lord thy God with all thy heart and with all thy soul Deuter. 10. More patheticall is that if it may be concerning their hard usage though deserved from Assur and Babel Israel is a scattered sheep the lyons have driven him away first the King of Assyria hath devoured him and last this Nebuchadnezzar hath broken his bones Therefore thus saith the Lord of hosts behold I will punish the King of Babylon and his land as I have punished the King of Assyria and I will bring Israel again into his habitation and he shall feed in Carmel and Bashan and his soul shall be satisfied upon mount Ephraim and Gilead In those dayes and at that time saith the Lord the iniquity of Israel shall be sought for and there shall be none and the sins of Judah and they shall not be found for I will pardon them whom I reserve Go up against the land of the rebells over against it and against the inhabitants of Pekoda that are to be visited waste and utterly destroy after them saith the Lord and do according to all that I have commanded thee Jerem. 50. If this love take not what should the considerations worke 1. that it is the Lord that woeth us that made us and not we our selves 2. that loved so the world being his enemies Joh. 3.16 Rom. 5.10 Col. 1.21 that he sent his only begotten son to redeem us from hellish slavery to an everlasting kingdome 3. that sent his holy spirit to be our comforter Joh. 16. to helpe our infirmities Rom. 8.26 and to cry Abba father 4. Psal 119. his word to be a perpetuall lanthorn unto our feet and a light unto our pathes 5. his blessing for our supply in all necessaries all conveniences Verily thou shalt be fed Psal 37.3 When young lyons do lack and suffer hunger those that seek the Lord shall not want any good thing Psal 34.10 his protection and safe conduct from the roaring Lion 1 Pet. 5.8.0 and his complices that walketh about seeking whom he may devoure 7. his deliverance from all contempts Psal 107.41 and pressures Motives to preserve love our selves What can be more patheticall then that of our Saviour What is a man profited if he shall gain the whole world and lose his owne soul or what shall a man give in exchange for his soul Matth 16.26 or that of Job What is the hope of the hypocrit though he hath gaine When God taketh away his soul will God hear his cry when trouble commeth upon him Will he delight himselfe in the Almighty will he all way call upon God Job 26.8 Or that of the Apostle Know you not that your members are the the members of Christ shal I take the members of Christ and make them the members of an harlot God forbid 1 Cor. 6.15 Know ye not that ye are the temple of God and the spirit of God dwelleth in you if any man defileth the temple of God him God will destroy For the Temple of God is holy whose temple ye are 1 Cor. 3.16 17. Ye are not your own ye are bought with a price therefore glorify God in your body and your spirit which are Gods 1 Cor. 6.19 20. For the loving of Gods Church and our neighbours and enemies what can be more pathetical then that speech watered with teares of our Saviour over Jerusalem When he was come neer he beheld the city wept over it saying If thou hadst known even in this thy day the things that belong unto thy peace but now they are hid from thine eyes Luk. 19.41 42. The Aposiopesis makes it more passionate As that of Moses for the people O this people have sinned a great sin and made them Gods of gold yet now if thou wilt forgive their sin If not blot me I pray thee out of the book which thou hast written Exod. 32.31 32. which St. Paul professeth in plainer speech I say the truth in Christ I ly not my conscience bearing me witnesse in the holy ghost that I have great heavynesse and continuall sorrow in my heart For I could wish my selfe were accursed from Christ for my brethren my kinsmen acording to the flesh Rom. 9.1 2 3. And what a lamentation have we of Davids for Saul his enemy 2 Sam. 1.17 And of Jeremiah for Zedekiah and Jerusalem that had used him so barbarously in his passionate Threnes Which are a sufficient pattern where love should be opened and placed which our Saviour urgeth as the cheife mark of his followers A new commandement I give you that ye love one another as I have loved you that ye also love one another By this shall all men knovv that ye are my disciples if ye love one another Joh. 13.34 35. Which is farther urged by that beloved disciple 1 Joh. 4. from the 7 v. to the end of the Chapter Motives to hatred May be especially bent against 1. sluggishnesse 2. impertinences 3. sordid avarice 4. bestiall luxury 5. brutish inhumanity 6. persidious breach of promises oathes and vowes 7. and rebellion against such as God hath set over us For the first To the Ant thou sluggard consider her wayes and be wise which having no guid overseer or ruler provideth her food in the summer and gathereth her food in the harvest How long wilt thou sleep ô sluggard when wilt thou arise out of thy sleep yet a little sleep a little slumber a little folding of thy hands to sleep So shall thy poverty come as one that travelleth and thy vvant as an armed man Pro. 6. Why stand ye here Idle Matth. 20. Belly-gods vvhose glory is their shame Phil. 3 r9 to whom the Apostle would have no victuall afforded 2 Thess 3.10 Notwithstanding 2. such pragmaticall 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and busy-bodies will work not at all as they should but disorder all 2 Thess 3.11 these will be digging a pit which themselves fall into breaking hedges till a serpent bite them removing stones and cleaving wood whereby they shall be hurt and endangered Eccles 10.8 and slaves on hors-back when Princes goe on foot ib. Promising liberty to others when they themselves are the servants of corruption 2 Pet. 2.19 Women will have their share amongst them with their tattling 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and idle running from house to house 1 Tim. 5.13 And some of the pick-thanke tencher-chaplaines who will take upon them to epis copize it in other mens diocesses 1 Pet. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 4.13 till a judgment
of the world worketh death 2 Cor. 7.8.9.10 Motives to Godly sorrow are frequently met with in Scripture For 1. private corruptions 2. publick calamities 3. praevayling pressures and insultations of Satan and his adhaerents to the scandall of christian religion and professon 1. What an heart-breaking was this to David Behold I was shapen in iniquity and in sin did my mother conceive or warme m◠Psal 51.5 Mine iniquities are gone over my head and are a sore burden for me too heavy for me to beare Psal 38 4. Innumerable troubbles are come about me my sins have taken such hold upon me that I am not able to looke up yea they are more in number then the hairs of my head and my heart hath failed me O Lord let it be thy pleasure to deliver me make haste O Lord to help me Psal 40.15 16. When thou with rebukes dost chasten man for sin thou makest his beauty to consume avvay as it vvere a moth fretting of a garment Every man therefore is but vanity Psal 39.12 whence St. Paul bemoans himselfe I delight in the law of God after the inward man Rom. 7. but I see another law in my members warring against the law of my mind bringing me into captivity to the law of sin which is in my members O wretched man that I am who shall deliver me from the body of this death sin must needs bring sadnesse to many that proved so odious to God's nature that it ruined the angells bereaved Adam of Gods favour and Paradise could not be expiated but by the son of God who knew no sin yet was made sin for us that we might be made the righteousnes of God in him 2 Cor. 5.21 2. How publick calamities affect the heart with sorrow of all those that are true of heart may be gathered by those passionate passages of Isaiah Look away from me for I will weep bitterly labour not to comfortmè because of the spoyling of the daughter of my people Isa 22.4 Of Jeremy My bowells my bowels I am pained to the very heart The vvall of my heart makes a noyse vvithin we I cannot hold my peace because thou hast heard O my soule the sound of the trumpet the alarm of war Destruction upon destruction is cryed for the vvhole land is spoyled Suddainly are my tents spoyled and my curtaines in a moment Hovv long shall I see the standard and hear the sound of the trumpet For my people is foolish they have not knowen me they are sottish children they have not understanding they are wise to do evill but to do good they have no knowledg Jerem. 4 O that my head were waters and mine eyes a fountain of teares that I might weep day and night for the slain of the daughter of my people Oh that I had in the Wildernesse a lodging place of wayfaring men that I might leave my people and go from them for they be all adulterers an assembly of treacherous men Jer. 9.1 Thus Jerusalem is bemoaned made drunk with the cup of fury that had none of her sons to take her by the hand to guide her of all those she hath brought up but lay as a bull in a net at the head of all the streets Isa 51. 3. Complaints of Sataincall insultations are The ungodly for his own lust doth persecute the poore He is so proud that he careth not for God neither is God in all his thoughts His wayes are always grievous thy judgments are far above out of his sight and therefore defieth he all his enemies For he hath said in his heart Tush I shall never be cast down there shall no harm happen unto me Psal 10. This complaint is taken up again Psal 73. To which satisfaction is given Psal 37. and 49. Jeremy harps upon the same string Wherefore doth the way of the wicked prosper wherefore are they happy that deal very treacherously Thou hast planted them yea they have taken root they grow yea they bring forth fruit Thou art neer in their mouthes but far from their reines But it followes Those that have so trodden downe the Lords portion and desolated the land shall reap Thornes instead of Wheat put themselves to pain without profit For they shall be asham'd of their revenues because of the fierce anger of the Lord Jer. 12. Motives to Zeal Zeal which may be good or bad Good is either 1 for Gods honour 2 house or 3 people The first was of Elias I have been very jealous for the Lord God of hosts because the children have forsaken thy Covenant thrown down thy altars and slain thy people with the sword and I even I onely am left and they seek my life to take it away 1 King 19.14 For this zeal Phineas is commended of God Phineas the son of Eliezar the son of Aaron the priest hath turned my wrath away from the children of Israel while he was zealous for my sake amongst them that I consumed not the children of Israel in my jealousy Num. 25.11 Of this zeal Jehu boasted Come with me and see my zeal for the Lord so they made him ride in his chariot 2 King 10.16 The 2d sort of zeale may be typified in David The zeale of thy house hath eaten me up and the reproaches of them that reproached thee are fallen upon me Psal 69.9 My zeale hath consumed me because mine enemies have forgotten thy words Psal 119.139 But practised by our Saviour when he found in the temple those that sold oxen and sheep and doves and the changers of money sitting He made a scourge of small cords and drove them out of the Temple and the sheep and the oxen and poured out the changers-mony and over-threw the tables and said unto them that sold doves Take these things hence and make not my Fathers house an house of merchandize And the disciples remembred that it was written The zeale of thine house hath caten me up Joh. 2.14 Much different from the zeale of our modern zealots the zeale of whom eateth up God's house 3. For zeale to Gods people The zeale of Moses and St. Paul are notoriously eminent which was seconded by that of that resolute Priest Mattathias who when he saw a Jew sacrificing to idols was inflamed with zeale and his reins trembled neither could he forbeare to shew his anger according to judgment wherefore he ran and slew him upon the altar Also the Kings commissioners who compelled men to sacrifice he killed at that time and the altar he pulled downe Thus dealt he zealously for the law of God as Phineas did to Zambri the son of Salom. 1 Maccab. 1. Bad zeale spendeth it selfe either in Nemesis 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Zelotypia 1 revenge 2 rejoycing at others ruines or 3 in impetuous undertakings and pursuances not acording to knowledg Belonging to the first kind was that of Saul for rooting out the Gibeonites 2 Sam. 21.2 And those more then forty that had bound themselves under a curse
SACRED ELOQUENCE Or the Art of RHETORICK As it is layd down in Scripture By the Right Reverend Father JOHN PRIDEAVX late Lord Bishop of VVORCESTER 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 2 Tim. 3.16 17. LONDON Printed by W. Wilson for George Sawbridge and are to be sold at his Shop at the signe of the Bible on Ludgate-Hill 1659. SACRED ELOQUENCE OR The Art of Rhetorick as it is laid down in Scripture CHAP. I. SACRED ELOQUENCE is a Logicall kind of Rhetorick to be used in Prayer Preaching or Conference to the glory of God and the convincing instructing and strengthning our brethren The meditation of which gave David more understanding than all his teachers Psal Psal 119.19 119.19 proved a Hammer to Jeremy that breaketh the rocks in pieces Jer. 23.29 chap. 23.29 was St. Pauls Engine for the pulling down of strong holds and casting down imaginations and every high thing that exaltâ—th it self against the knowledge of God bringing into captivity every thought to the obedience of Christ 2 Cor. 10.4 2 Cor. 10.4 5. 5. At which used by our Saviour the people were astonished For he taught them as one having authority Matth 7.28 and not as the Scribes Matth. 7.28 His perverse Country-men of Nazareth bare him witnesse and wondred at the gratious words that proceeded out of his mouth Luk. 4.22 Luk. 4.22 And the fee'd Officers sent to apprehend him returned with this excuse Never man spake like this man Joh. 7.46 Joh. 7.46 For it pricketh in the hearts of the hearers Act. 2.37 Act. 2.37 The word of God is quick and powerfull and sharper then any two-edged sword piercing even to the dividing assunder of soul and spirit and of the joynts and marrow and is a discerner of the thoughts and intents of the heart Heb. Heb. 4.12 4 12. In this especially may be observed 1. Tropes 2. Figures 3. Schemes 4. Patheticks * Darbenoth stimuli 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 quibus boves punguniur Masmeroth clavi qui retinent illud cui infiguntur Eccl. â— 12.11 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Act. 2.37 5. Characters 6. Antisheses * 1 Tim 6.20 Oppofits Gal. 5.17 7. Parallels * Allusions 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 cor-espondencies CHAP. II. Of * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 vertere To turn A flourish of speech whereby a word is turned or changed from his genuine signification into another Cicero de c'ar Orat. calleth them Verborum immutationes in his Partitions Verba modificata It differeth from a Figure or Scheme because the one doth alter the habit of or make a change in the Words onely the other in the Speech 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Pâ—utarâ—â— in vit Homer Dictionum vero immutatio appellatur Trepaâ—â— compositionis contrà Schema Both the species of Elocution Tropes TRopes carry with them in Scripture the phraseologie of the sacred Tongues far differing in weight and majesty from Ethnick Ashdodism Most usefull amongst these may be noted 1 Hyperbole and Catachresis are by some modern Rhetoritians accounted affections of a Trope rather than Tropes themselves because there is no Trope but may be set forth in too harsh and unequall a dresse which is a Catachresis or be screwed up too high in hyperbolicall expressions Yet neither Tully Quintilian nor any of the Antients observe this exactnesse but number them amongst Tropes as doth the Author 1. Hyperbole 2 Hyperbole and Catachresis are by some modern Rhetoritians accounted affections of a Trope rather than Tropes themselves because there is no Trope but may be set forth in too harsh and unequall a dresse which is a Catachresis or be screwed up too high in hyperbolicall expressions Yet neither Tully Quintilian nor any of the Antients observe this exactnesse but number them amongst Tropes as doth the Author 2. Catachresis 3 Emphasis is rather a Figure than Trope in precisnesse of speech it belongeth not to the adorning of a word but sentence which by this Figure is so pronounced or otherwise notified that what lyeth hid and muffled under a clowd doth manifestly appear Emphasis est etiam inter figuras cum ex aliquo dicto latens aliquid eruitur But the Author taketh a Trope in the same latitude Quintilian doth l. 9. c. 2. Tropus est sermo à naturali principali fignificatione ad aliam ornandae oracionis gratiâ and so Emphasis may be permitted to stand where it doth 3. Emphasis 4. Metonymia 5. Ironia 6. Metaphora 7. Synecdoche * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Excedere superare An excesse of truth either by elevating it too high or depressing it as low Superlatio ac trajectio veritatis minuendi augendive causâ Cicer. de Orat. l. 3. So all amplifications and extenuations beyond or below their just measure may be termed Hyperbolicall although the words whereby they are expressed be not borrowed but proper Whence that of Virgil Eclog. 9. Candidior cygnis hederâ formosior albâ that of Plaut in Aulular Pumex non aequè est aridus atque hic senex and such like are taken by Rhetoritians to be hyperbolicall expressions though the words remain unaltered from their native habit and signification This Beumler will not endure and therefore hath excogitated a double Hyperbole the one Logicall the other Rhetoricall the Logicall where in proper words the thing is hyperbolically set forth Rhetoricall where there are improper or borrowed tearms used for the amplyfying or extenuating a thing Hyperbole Hyperbolicall speeches are these or the like in the old Testament Judah shall bind his fole unto the vine and his asses-colt unto the choise vine and wash his garments in wine and his cloths in the blood of the grape Gen. 49.11 expressing the extraordinary plenty of wine that shall stream in his coast So Exod. 3.17 A land flowing with milk and hony The rivers the floods the brooks of hony and butter Job 20.17 hyperbolically speak an incredible abundance With hony out of the rock should I have satisfied thee Psal 81.16 i.e. By means which could not be expected In like manner the fiercenesse of the Horse is set forth by swallowing the ground with his rage and saying Ha ha amongst the trumpets Job 39.24 25. The vastnesse of the Behemoth by drinking up a river and trusting that he can draw up Jordan into his mouth Job 40.23 The hideousnesse of the Leviathan whose eyes are like the eye-lids of the morning out of whose mouth go burning lamps whose breath kindleth coals that maketh the deep to boyle like a pot and the sea like a pot of oyntment by reason of whose plunging the mighty through fear purgant alvum saith one purifie themselves so our Translation Job 41.25 which set forth an unutterable terriblenesse not to be reached in other Languages So the skipping of mountains like Rams and of little Hills like Lambs Psal 114. would have us to conceive the shattering of the finest