depend_v upon_o other_o and_o many_o such_o double_a contingent_n may_v be_v put_v the_o case_n of_o sir_n edward_n cook_n put_v in_o the_o end_n of_o the_o rector_n of_o cheddingtons_n case_n out_o of_o 12_o lib._n ass_n pl._n 5._o in_o my_o assize_n 12_o lib._n assize_n opinion_n do_v not_o disallow_v the_o second_o condition_n for_o there_o the_o case_n be_v that_o a._n lease_v to_o b._n upon_o condition_n that_o if_o a._n or_o his_o heir_n pay_v to_o b._n ten_o pound_n within_o a_o certain_a day_n that_o they_o may_v re-enter_v and_o if_o a._n nor_o his_o heir_n shall_v not_o pay_v the_o ten_o pound_n within_o the_o time_n then_o if_o b._n pay_v to_o a._n ten_o pound_n at_o another_o day_n that_o he_o shall_v have_v fee_n both_o a._n and_o b._n fail_v in_o payment_n and_o a._n enter_v and_o be_v put_v out_o bring_v a_o assize_n and_o nihil_fw-la caepit_fw-la per_fw-la breve_fw-la this_o do_v not_o prove_v that_o one_o condition_n can_v depend_v upon_o another_o neither_o can_v i_o see_v well_o what_o exposition_n to_o make_v of_o so_o uncertain_a a_o case_n so_o that_o i_o take_v this_o case_n to_o be_v no_o evidence_n against_o i_o but_o in_o the_o 14_o h._n 8._o fol._n 15._o there_o be_v a_o case_n which_o in_o my_o 15._o 14_o h._n 8._o fol._n 15._o opinion_n make_v more_o against_o my_o double_a condition_n then_o any_o other_o which_o be_v put_v by_o brudnel_n chief_a justice_n that_o be_v if_o a._n be_v bind_v in_o a_o obligation_n to_o b._n upon_o condition_n to_o infeoff_v i._o s._n before_o easter_n ensue_v than_o the_o obligation_n to_o be_v void_a and_o if_o he_o do_v not_o infeoff_v he_o then_o to_o pay_v ten_o pound_n at_o pentecost_n than_o the_o obligation_n to_o be_v void_a the_o feoffment_n be_v not_o make_v before_o easter_n therefore_o brudnel_n hold_v the_o obligation_n be_v forfeit_v and_o that_o the_o second_o condition_n be_v not_o good_a but_o there_o be_v a_o quaere_fw-la set_v upon_o that_o case_n and_o so_o it_o may_v well_o be_v for_o i_o see_v it_o common_o do_v that_o if_o a_o defesan_n be_v make_v of_o a_o statute_n which_o be_v break_v and_o so_o the_o statute_n become_v forfeit_a yet_o a_o new_a defesan_n may_v defeat_v it_o and_o so_o in_o my_o opinion_n may_v the_o second_o condition_n in_o this_o case_n avoid_v the_o obligation_n if_o the_o first_o conclusion_n have_v not_o be_v in_o the_o case_n i_o shall_v add_v this_o case_n also_o as_o a_o conceit_n that_o be_v a._n infeoff_n b._n upon_o condition_n if_o a._n go_v to_o lincoln_n he_o shall_v have_v the_o conceit_n a_o conceit_n land_n to_o he_o and_o the_o heir_n of_o his_o body_n and_o if_o he_o go_v to_o boston_n he_o shall_v have_v it_o for_o ten_o year_n and_o he_o go_v first_o to_o boston_n i_o do_v here_o hold_v these_o condition_n be_v put_v promiscuous_o without_o distinction_n of_o the_o time_n of_o the_o condition_n which_o shall_v be_v first_o perform_v and_o which_o the_o second_o that_o the_o fee_n be_v decrease_v into_o a_o estate_n for_o year_n and_o can_v never_o increase_v into_o a_o estate_n in_o tail_n by_o perform_v of_o the_o second_o condition_n because_o the_o livery_n out_o of_o which_o it_o shall_v grow_v be_v quite_o destroy_v by_o the_o first_o decreaser_n so_o that_o my_o intent_n point_n sâ—â—ond_a point_n appear_v that_o one_o condition_n may_v depend_v upon_o another_o upon_o the_o say_a distinction_n but_o whether_o by_o the_o performance_n of_o the_o first_o condition_n in_o my_o case_n there_o will_v a_o estate_n come_v to_o b._n or_o not_o i_o mean_v it_o for_o a_o question_n for_o b._n have_v before_o a_o estate_n for_o his_o own_o life_n then_o be_v it_o not_o possible_a that_o his_o estate_n can_v hereby_o be_v increase_v by_o have_v the_o land_n also_o for_o the_o life_n of_o c._n if_o it_o be_v admit_v argumenti_fw-la gratia_fw-la that_o b._n shall_v or_o may_v have_v both_o these_o estate_n stand_v in_o he_o both_o at_o one_o time_n for_o if_o c._n die_v first_o then_o be_v b._n never_o like_v to_o have_v any_o benefit_n thereof_o and_o if_o b._n himself_o shall_v die_v before_o c._n then_o also_o be_v it_o impossible_a for_o b._n to_o make_v any_o use_n of_o this_o estate_n for_o the_o life_n of_o c._n unless_o it_o be_v in_o he_o to_o grant_v away_o to_o another_o as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o office_n in_o the_o 1_o h._n 7._o where_o a_o office_n case_n 1_o h._n 7._o 29._o crofts_n case_n be_v grant_v to_o the_o king_n the_o king_n can_v not_o have_v the_o office_n himself_o and_o so_o in_o that_o point_n for_o the_o king_n to_o take_v by_o the_o grant_n he_o can_v not_o yet_o by_o that_o book_n it_o be_v in_o he_o to_o grant_v over_o to_o another_o which_o may_v have_v it_o and_o like_v to_o this_o be_v the_o case_n where_o i._o s._n be_v parson_n of_o the_o church_n of_o dale_n and_o the_o patron_n grant_v the_o next_o avoidance_n this_o grant_n can_v he_o himself_o take_v no_o benefit_n by_o unless_o he_o resign_v yet_o if_o he_o die_v it_o shall_v come_v to_o his_o executor_n but_o i_o take_v the_o law_n to_o be_v in_o my_o case_n that_o b._n shall_v not_o by_o the_o first_o condition_n have_v both_o the_o estate_n in_o he_o at_o once_o that_o be_v for_o his_o own_o life_n and_o after_o for_o the_o life_n of_o c._n but_o that_o the_o estate_n of_o b._n by_o the_o first_o condition_n shall_v be_v decrease_v or_o change_v from_o his_o own_o life_n into_o the_o life_n of_o c._n and_o shall_v be_v melt_v and_o new_o mould_v by_o this_o condition_n for_o a_o estate_n may_v as_o well_o decrease_v as_o increase_v by_o a_o condition_n and_o yet_o the_o lord_n staffords_n principal_a case_n be_v that_o queen_n elizabeth_n do_v grant_v the_o manor_n to_o tindal_n and_o the_o heir_n of_o his_o body_n upon_o condition_n upon_o payment_n of_o twenty_o shilling_n to_o she_o by_o tindal_n that_o he_o shall_v have_v the_o reversion_n to_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n and_o there_o it_o be_v hold_v for_o law_n that_o by_o the_o payment_n of_o twenty_o shilling_n the_o reversion_n in_o fee_n simple_a shall_v increase_v to_o tindal_n and_o shall_v not_o alter_v or_o drown_v the_o estate_n tail_n which_o be_v a_o excellent_a case_n but_o alter_v the_o put_n of_o that_o case_n and_o then_o it_o may_v alter_v the_o law_n also_o that_o be_v i_o give_v land_n to_o i._n s._n and_o the_o heir_n of_o his_o body_n upon_o condition_n conceit_n a_o conceit_n if_o he_o pay_v i_o twenty_o shilling_n that_o he_o shall_v have_v the_o say_v land_n to_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n in_o my_o conceit_n by_o the_o performance_n of_o this_o condition_n the_o estate_n tail_n be_v by_o increase_n change_v into_o a_o fee_n simple_a in_o which_o note_v the_o difference_n between_o tindals_n case_n and_o this_o where_o upon_o payment_n of_o 20._o s._n the_o reversion_n be_v grant_v to_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n and_o where_o the_o word_n be_v that_o upon_o payment_n of_o twenty_o shilling_n he_o shall_v have_v the_o land_n to_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n in_o the_o first_o case_n the_o fee-simple_n accrue_v shall_v not_o alter_v the_o estate_n tail_n but_o in_o the_o second_o case_n by_o the_o fee_n increase_v the_o estate_n tail_n be_v determine_v and_o change_v into_o a_o fee_n simple_a quod_fw-la quaere_fw-la admit_v the_o first_o condition_n do_v increase_v the_o estate_n of_o b._n from_o his_o own_o life_n to_o the_o life_n of_o c._n and_o the_o second_o condition_n be_v perform_v by_o the_o which_o another_o estate_n will_v accrue_v to_o b._n as_o i_o take_v it_o will_v because_o a_o estate_n decrease_v be_v parcel_n of_o the_o first_o estate_n then_o what_o estate_n b._n have_v get_v by_o this_o new_a limitation_n be_v the_o question_n and_o in_o my_o opinion_n he_o have_v at_o the_o most_o but_o get_v a_o estate_n again_o for_o his_o own_o life_n and_o that_o the_o limitation_n to_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o body_n of_o his_o father_n be_v utter_o void_a be_v his_o father_n dead_a or_o alive_a for_o if_o his_o father_n be_v dead_a his_o elder_a brother_n be_v the_o heir_n of_o his_o body_n within_o these_o word_n of_o limitation_n who_o can_v take_v the_o land_n by_o descent_n tail_n littleton_n estate_n tail_n from_o b._n his_o brother_n or_o from_o his_o father_n but_o as_o the_o case_n be_v put_v in_o littleton_n title_n tail_n and_o in_o the_o 4_o and_o 5_o ma._n in_o dier_n ereswould_v dier_n 4_o &_o 5_o ma._n dier_n case_n where_o land_n be_v give_v to_o the_o elder_a son_n and_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o body_n of_o his_o father_n this_o be_v a_o good_a estate_n in_o tail_n be_v make_v to_o the_o elder_a son_n because_o he_o be_v capable_a to_o take_v the_o land_n in_o
that_o part_n of_o the_o statute_n which_o give_v sale_n of_o land_n yet_o he_o be_v within_o the_o other_o part_n thereof_o for_o divers_a reason_n one_o i_o find_v by_o experience_n and_o in_o divers_a precedent_n that_o many_o copyhold_n have_v be_v and_o be_v charge_v with_o repair_n of_o bridge_n and_o other_o defence_n in_o divers_a part_n of_o this_o realm_n by_o custom_n also_o if_o a_o lord_n grant_v a_o copyhold_n to_o i.s._n and_o his_o heir_n by_o copy_n tenendum_fw-la by_o the_o repair_v of_o such_o a_o wall_n bank_n or_o bridge_n this_o bind_v this_o copyhold_n thereto_o in_o point_n of_o charge_n and_o last_o this_o statute_n bind_v such_o to_o the_o repair_v which_o may_v have_v good_a by_o the_o do_n or_o hurt_v by_o the_o neglect_n and_o it_o be_v apparent_a that_o by_o over_o flow_v or_o inundation_n a_o copy-holders_n land_n sustain_v equal_a damage_n with_o other_o land_n and_o for_o these_o reason_n i_o resolve_v that_o a_o copyhold_n be_v within_o these_o law_n and_o short_o touch_v copyhold_n i_o do_v confine_v they_o to_o these_o four_o head_n my_o four_o tenant_n concern_v copyhold_n first_o a_o copyhold_n be_v sessable_a towards_o these_o repair_n for_o his_o copyhold_n second_o that_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o copyhold_n be_v not_o to_o be_v tax_v for_o the_o soil_n of_o the_o copyhold_n for_o although_o he_o may_v come_v to_o it_o by_o forfeiture_n commit_v yet_o that_o be_v a_o foreign_a possibility_n and_o although_o he_o be_v seize_v in_o law_n of_o the_o freehold_a yet_o because_o the_o issue_n and_o profit_n go_v with_o the_o copyholder_n this_o law_n therefore_o will_v not_o charge_v he_o for_o the_o soil_n three_o in_o respect_n the_o copyhold_n rend_v be_v a_o rent_n of_o assize_n and_o rent_n be_v within_o the_o express_a letter_n of_o this_o statute_n and_o because_o his_o rent_n by_o the_o overflow_a of_o the_o sea_n be_v lose_v therefore_o the_o lord_n shall_v be_v assess_v for_o it_o if_o it_o be_v of_o value_n four_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o a_o copyhold_n may_v not_o be_v sell_v by_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n and_o yet_o copy-holders_n be_n within_o other_o part_n of_o this_o law_n now_o because_o it_o be_v a_o high_a point_n in_o this_o statute_n in_o what_o manner_n to_o rate_n tax_v and_o assess_v by_o the_o judicious_a power_n of_o these_o law_n and_o in_o regard_v my_o case_n touch_v all_o manner_n of_o sess_v and_o rate_n which_o be_v or_o may_v be_v impose_v by_o these_o law_n i_o will_v therefore_o spread_v it_o abroad_o and_o i_o do_v intend_v to_o treat_v of_o what_o land_n and_o other_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v assess_v towards_o the_o repair_n in_o my_o case_n and_o what_o person_n to_o be_v assess_v and_o in_o what_o degree_n wherein_o first_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o one_o be_v not_o to_o be_v assess_v for_o his_o high_a and_o descend_a ground_n for_o so_o it_o appear_v register_n register_n be_v the_o opinion_n of_o brudnel_n in_o the_o 12_o h._n 8._o fol._n 3._o where_o he_o say_v that_o if_o a_o man_n ground_n be_v surround_v with_o water_n he_o may_v make_v a_o trench_n in_o his_o own_o ground_n to_o let_v the_o water_n run_v downward_o and_o to_o descend_v upon_o his_o neighbour_n ground_n for_o water_n be_v a_o element_n descendable_a jure_fw-la naturae_fw-la and_o also_o high_a descend_v ground_n can_v have_v no_o such_o use_n of_o wall_n and_o bank_n as_o other_o ground_n situate_a lower_v may_v have_v for_o the_o water_n can_v have_v no_o force_n against_o they_o and_o therefore_o the_o owner_n be_v not_o chargeable_a therefore_o and_o the_o word_n of_o the_o commission_n express_v in_o the_o register_n be_v qui_fw-la defentionem_fw-la commodum_fw-la &_o salvationem_fw-la per_fw-la predict_v as_o wallias_n guttur_fw-la as_o pontes_fw-la calceta_n &_o gurgite_n habere_fw-la poterint_fw-la nullatènus_fw-la parcantur_fw-la and_o the_o charter_n of_o rumney_n marsh_n seem_v to_o bear_v the_o same_o sense_n viz._n quod_fw-la pro_fw-la securitate_fw-la dicti_fw-la marisci_fw-la districtiones_fw-la fiant_fw-la ita_fw-la quod_fw-la aequè_fw-la fiant_fw-la secundum_fw-la portiones_fw-la majores_fw-la &_o minores_fw-la quas_fw-la homines_fw-la habent_fw-la in_o eodem_fw-la marisco_fw-la but_o high_a ground_n by_o nature_n need_v not_o engine_n of_o art_n to_o defend_v they_o and_o in_o rook_n case_n in_o sir_n case_n rook_n case_n edward_n cook_n 5._o report_n and_o keighleys_n case_n it_o be_v true_o declare_v that_o the_o ground_n lie_v on_o the_o level_n which_o be_v in_o apparent_a danger_n subject_n to_o surrounder_n be_v only_o chargeable_a to_o repair_v by_o this_o law_n but_o yet_o ground_n lie_v on_o high_a mountainous_a place_n may_v be_v by_o custom_n prescription_n or_o tenure_n liable_a and_o stand_v chargeable_a to_o repair_v of_o wall_n bank_n sewer_n goat_n and_o other_o defence_n and_o in_o such_o case_n though_o they_o be_v never_o so_o high_a yet_o these_o law_n will_v reach_v unto_o they_o but_o no_o charge_n be_v to_o be_v impose_v on_o they_o by_o this_o statute_n and_o by_o force_n thereof_o only_o without_o a_o special_a custom_n or_o prescription_n to_o warrant_v the_o same_o annuity_n if_o a_o dean_n and_o chapter_n or_o other_o corporate_a person_n or_o body_n politic_n be_v by_o prescription_n to_o pay_v a_o yearly_a annuity_n to_o i._o s._n and_o his_o heir_n i._n s._n be_v not_o sessable_a for_o his_o annuity_n yet_o the_o say_v corporate_a or_o politic_a person_n pay_v the_o same_o in_o respect_n of_o their_o land_n which_o lie_v in_o danger_n of_o surround_v and_o so_o the_o ground_n be_v subject_a to_o these_o law_n but_o it_o issue_v not_o thereout_o and_o the_o say_v corporate_a and_o politic_a person_n be_v not_o charge_v in_o their_o land_n but_o in_o respect_n of_o their_o land_n to_o pay_v the_o same_o commons_o those_o person_n which_o have_v common_a of_o pischary_n turbary_n or_o of_o pasture_n in_o great_a fen_n marsh_n and_o waste_v may_v be_v charge_v but_o commoner_n in_o agris_fw-la seminatis_fw-la after_o the_o corn_n sever_v as_o stock_n commons_o which_o be_v of_o a_o small_a value_n be_v not_o to_o be_v charge_v for_o their_o commons_o but_o for_o their_o land_n ferry_n he_o which_o have_v a_o ferry_n over_o a_o river_n be_v in_o 37_o lib._n assiz_n pl._n 10._o charge_v to_o repair_v the_o river_n and_o so_o for_o a_o ferry_n one_o may_v be_v charge_v by_o this_o law_n herbage_n he_o which_o have_v the_o vesture_n or_o herbage_n of_o ground_n as_o prima_fw-la tonsura_fw-la vel_fw-la vestura_fw-la terrae_fw-la may_v be_v charge_v to_o the_o repair_v free_a passage_n it_o appear_v likewise_o that_o those_o person_n which_o have_v passage_n for_o their_o boat_n on_o the_o river_n be_v to_o be_v rate_v towards_o the_o repair_n in_o 37_o lib._n assiz_n pl._n 10._o but_o this_o be_v to_o be_v intend_v of_o those_o person_n which_o have_v free_a and_o customary_a passage_n thereon_o as_o a_o liberty_n and_o inheritance_n and_o be_v not_o mean_v nor_o intend_v of_o poor_a boatman_n which_o come_v thereon_o with_o their_o boat_n accidental_o by_o the_o general_a custom_n of_o the_o realm_n park_n warrens_n chase_n a_o man_n for_o his_o park_n of_o dear_a and_o warren_n of_o coney_n shall_v be_v charge_v if_o these_o liberty_n lie_v within_o the_o level_n but_o for_o chase_n i_o suppose_v one_o be_v not_o chargeable_a only_o for_o dear_a which_o be_v ferae_fw-la naturae_fw-la not_z bind_v to_o certain_a precinct_n but_o in_o that_o case_n the_o owner_n be_v only_o to_o be_v tax_v for_o the_o soil_n mart_n fair_a or_o market_n also_o if_o one_o have_v only_o the_o liberty_n of_o a_o mart_n fair_a or_o market_n to_o be_v keep_v in_o a_o place_n which_o be_v subject_a to_o surrounder_v in_o my_o opinion_n because_o they_o be_v but_o casual_a in_o their_o profit_n and_o not_o continual_a in_o their_o be_v although_o they_o be_v conscribe_v to_o place_n and_o circuit_n yet_o be_v no_o part_n of_o the_o soil_n nor_o of_o the_o issue_n and_o profit_n thereof_o they_o be_v not_o taxable_a within_o these_o law_n office_n the_o office_n of_o the_o clerk_n of_o the_o market_n town_n clerk_n or_o such_o like_a although_o these_o officer_n be_v confine_v to_o a_o certain_a place_n and_o precinct_n within_o the_o level_n which_o be_v subject_a to_o surrounder_v be_v notwithstanding_o exempt_a from_o these_o taxation_n proxy_n synod_n he_o which_o have_v proxy_n or_o synod_n of_o annual_a sum_n of_o money_n such_o as_o be_v in_o the_o case_n of_o proxy_n in_o the_o irish_a report_n be_v not_o sessable_a within_o this_o law_n for_o although_o the_o person_n be_v charge_v therefore_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o ground_n yet_o the_o same_o do_v not_o issue_n thereout_o the_o morgager_n for_o the_o title_n he_o have_v by_o the_o condition_n to_o reduce_v the_o land_n back_o again_o to_o he_o or_o he_o which_o have_v
argument_n as_o i_o do_v my_o case_n that_o the_o new_a bank_n new_a river_n and_o old_a sewer_n be_v well_o decree_v but_o that_o the_o assess_v be_v void_a in_o toto_fw-la &_o in_fw-la qualibet_fw-la parte_fw-la finis_fw-la secundae_fw-la lecturae_fw-la lectura_fw-la tertia_fw-la in_o my_o two_o precede_a case_n the_o main_a body_n of_o this_o great_a law_n be_v contrive_v and_o therefore_o i_o take_v a_o great_a &_o large_a compass_n in_o my_o argument_n therein_o then_o otherwise_o i_o will_v have_v do_v and_o i_o be_o now_o come_v to_o the_o execution_n of_o these_o law_n wherein_o the_o life_n and_o livelihood_n of_o all_o law_n consist_v and_o it_o may_v well_o be_v say_v of_o execution_n as_o mr._n plowden_n in_o zouch_n and_o stowel_n case_n come_v blow_n come_v in_o his_o commentary_n fol._n 358._o say_v of_o a_o fine_a that_o it_o be_v finis_fw-la fructus_fw-la exitus_fw-la &_o effectus_fw-la legis_fw-la so_o be_v execution_n the_o fruit_n issue_n and_o end_n of_o the_o law_n and_o without_o it_o nothing_o be_v effectual_a and_o till_o it_o come_v nothing_o be_v material_a for_o to_o begin_v a_o suit_n and_o stay_v at_o the_o declaration_n be_v a_o fruitless_a enterprise_n and_o to_o proceed_v on_o to_o judgement_n and_o to_o go_v no_o further_o be_v like_o a_o traveller_n which_o undertake_v a_o journey_n and_o return_n or_o sit_v down_o without_o further_a move_a before_o he_o come_v at_o the_o end_n of_o his_o intend_a progress_n law_n as_o cicero_n say_v be_v but_o mutus_fw-la magistratus_fw-la the_o magistrate_n be_v lex_fw-la loquens_fw-la but_o i_o shall_v add_v something_o which_o cicero_n cicero_n upon_o the_o matter_n be_v the_o sum_n of_o all_o thing_n that_o be_v that_o executio_fw-la est_fw-la lex_fw-la agens_fw-la and_o because_o i_o esteem_v the_o time_n to_o be_v almost_o lose_v or_o misspend_v which_o be_v prologue_v out_o in_o preamble_n i_o will_v therefore_o now_o brief_o divide_v this_o part_n of_o this_o statute_n into_o these_o ensue_a head_n either_o in_o punish_v the_o body_n and_o person_n of_o the_o delinquent_n with_o imprisonment_n fine_a or_o amerciament_n or_o in_o do_v execution_n upon_o the_o offender_n good_n by_o distress_n or_o by_o the_o absolute_a sale_n thereof_o or_o otherwise_o in_o extend_v upon_o the_o real_a estate_n by_o charge_v the_o land_n in_o perpetuity_n or_o temporary_o or_o by_o the_o absolute_a sale_n thereof_o the_o true_a and_o due_a execution_n of_o all_o these_o in_o a_o just_a legal_a equal_a and_o qualify_a decree_n require_v of_o all_o other_o part_n of_o law_n this_o great_a and_o true_a discretion_n consideration_n wisdom_n and_o judgement_n of_o the_o commissioner_n and_o i_o take_v it_o it_o may_v stand_v as_o a_o ground_n infallible_a that_o there_o be_v as_o many_o degree_n of_o punishment_n as_o there_o be_v offence_n it_o behoove_v therefore_o the_o commissioner_n to_o be_v circumspect_a that_o they_o apply_v to_o every_o offence_n his_o due_a punishment_n for_o it_o be_v injustice_n to_o punish_v the_o offence_n commit_v in_o a_o wrong_a degree_n to_o pronounce_v a_o traitor_n judgement_n upon_o a_o felon_n or_o a_o felon_n judgement_n upon_o a_o traitor_n be_v grand_a misprision_n to_o imprison_v the_o body_n or_o to_o fine_a the_o person_n where_o a_o amerciament_n be_v only_o due_a be_v not_o only_a injustice_n in_o the_o commissioner_n but_o thereby_o also_o their_o discretion_n be_v to_o be_v draw_v in_o question_n and_o censure_v and_o see_v the_o statute_n do_v so_o much_o lie_v upon_o discretion_n of_o the_o commissioner_n as_o in_o many_o part_n of_o this_o law_n it_o be_v mention_v it_o seem_v the_o parliament_n do_v give_v they_o to_o understand_v that_o such_o as_o be_v to_o meddle_v in_o those_o affair_n shall_v be_v both_o discreet_a and_o wise_a and_o shall_v strive_v to_o become_v learn_v in_o those_o affair_n and_o therefore_o for_o the_o better_a furnish_n of_o they_o with_o the_o true_a understanding_n of_o the_o say_a part_n of_o this_o statute_n i_o have_v frame_v a_o case_n thereupon_o which_o do_v give_v just_a occasion_n to_o treat_v full_o of_o they_o all_o the_o three_o case_n a._n give_v the_o office_n of_o a_o ranger_n of_o a_o forest_n to_o which_o a_o manor_n be_v belong_v to_o i._o s._n &_o abnepti_n and_o to_o the_o heir_n male_n and_o female_n of_o their_o body_n in_o frank_a marriage_n and_o die_v b._n and_o c._n their_o legitimate_a son_n and_o daughter_n and_o d._n their_o bastard_n daughter_n enter_v and_o die_v in_o seisin_n and_o e._n her_o daughter_n enter_v the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n at_o a_o court_n make_v a_o law_n that_o a_o goat_n shall_v be_v repair_v and_o assess_v several_o a._n b._n c._n and_o e._n to_o do_v it_o upon_o surmise_n that_o they_o all_o have_v benefit_n b._n and_o c._n refuse_v to_o obey_v for_o which_o b._n be_v imprison_v and_o c._n be_v fine_v a._n and_o e._n tender_a plea_n of_o discharge_n which_o be_v refuse_v and_o they_o be_v several_o amerce_v and_o a_o law_n make_v that_o a._n shall_v be_v distrain_v and_o for_o nonpayment_n the_o distress_n to_o be_v sell_v without_o allowance_n of_o replevin_n and_o the_o interest_n of_o e._n shall_v be_v also_o sell_v because_o she_o have_v nothing_o to_o be_v distrain_v by_o i_o conclude_v the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n have_v do_v due_a justice_n upon_o the_o offender_n in_o every_o part_n of_o this_o law_n argumentum_fw-la lectoris_fw-la the_o passage_n of_o this_o case_n be_v both_o at_o the_o common_a law_n and_o by_o this_o statute_n the_o common_a law_n be_v the_o mean_n but_o the_o statute_n be_v the_o matter_n i_o must_v insist_v upon_o but_o see_v the_o statute_n law_n can_v receive_v no_o due_a construction_n but_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o common_a law_n i_o have_v therefore_o make_v a_o harmonial_a composition_n of_o they_o both_o in_o my_o case_n and_o i_o do_v distinguish_v and_o branch_v out_o my_o case_n into_o these_o ensue_a point_n point_n at_o the_o common_a law_n imprimis_fw-la whether_o this_o office_n may_v be_v entail_v or_o not_o second_o whether_o it_o be_v a_o ordinary_a entail_n or_o a_o frank-mariage_n three_o whether_o the_o bastard_n be_v inheritable_a to_o this_o estate_n or_o not_o point_n upon_o the_o statute_n first_o whether_o the_o commissioner_n have_v a_o court_n or_o only_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o commission_n without_o a_o court_n second_o whether_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n have_v power_n to_o imprison_v and_o to_o fine_a if_o so_o then_o whether_o they_o have_v well_o behave_v themselves_o in_o this_o case_n or_o not_o three_o whether_o this_o law_n do_v admit_v of_o any_o plea_n and_o especial_o of_o plea_n of_o discharge_n four_o whether_o the_o law_n make_v touch_v the_o distress_n be_v well_o make_v because_o it_o seem_v prima_fw-la fancy_n to_o oppose_v a_o main_a point_n of_o the_o common_a law_n in_o deny_v of_o replevin_n five_o and_o last_o if_o the_o law_n make_v for_o sale_n of_o land_n of_o tenement_n in_o tail_n be_v warrant_v by_o this_o statute_n or_o not_o these_o be_v the_o material_n of_o this_o case_n wherein_o you_o may_v perceive_v by_o the_o beginning_n what_o you_o be_v to_o expect_v in_o the_o sequel_n and_o conclusion_n of_o my_o argument_n these_o point_n upon_o the_o statute_n be_v of_o great_a consequence_n and_o importance_n and_o tend_v much_o into_o the_o power_n of_o these_o law_n in_o the_o handle_n whereof_o according_a to_o my_o wont_a fashion_n i_o intend_v to_o maintain_v the_o affirmative_n of_o my_o case_n first_o point_n i_o do_v not_o intend_v it_o a_o point_n of_o any_o importance_n in_o my_o case_n whether_o land_n may_v belong_v to_o a_o office_n for_o that_o in_o the_o 1_o h._n 7._o fol._n 28._o in_o sir_n robert_n crofts_n case_n it_o be_v resolve_v it_o may_v for_o there_o land_n do_v belong_v to_o the_o office_n 7._o 1_o h._n 7._o of_o a_o forester_n and_o may_v belong_v to_o the_o office_n of_o the_o warden_n of_o the_o fleet_n and_o also_o to_o a_o corody_n which_o be_v no_o office_n and_o these_o as_o well_o as_o to_o a_o spiritual_a office_n parson_n vicar_n prebend_n or_o such_o like_a but_o whether_o or_o no_o these_o land_n may_v be_v part_v from_o the_o office_n by_o alienation_n i_o think_v that_o a_o argumentable_a point_n in_o 6_o h._n 8._o dyer_n f._n 2._o empsons_n case_n it_o be_v say_v 8._o 6_o h._n 8._o if_o the_o king_n create_v a_o duke_n &_o grant_v to_o he_o a_o anuity_n to_o maintain_v his_o dignity_n that_o annuity_n be_v so_o incident_a to_o his_o dignity_n as_o it_o can_v not_o be_v sever_v therefrom_o and_o so_o of_o land_n belong_v to_o a_o parson_n vicar_n bishop_n or_o such_o like_a because_o they_o be_v give_v to_o the_o maintenance_n of_o they_o in_o their_o place_n and_o therefore_o if_o these_o be_v sever_v they_o may_v be_v recontinue_a
again_o to_o their_o successor_n and_o in_o the_o case_n of_o sir_n henry_n nevil_n in_o plo._n com._n a_o office_n of_o a_o parker_n be_v grant_v to_o two_o and_o a_o annuity_n for_o the_o exercise_n of_o it_o and_o it_o be_v there_o resolve_v that_o the_o annuity_n may_v not_o be_v sever_v from_o the_o office_n and_o so_o it_o may_v be_v say_v in_o my_o case_n that_o the_o manor_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o office_n be_v at_o the_o first_o lay_v thereto_o or_o give_v therewithal_o for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o officer_n in_o his_o place_n by_o the_o founder_n and_o so_o may_v not_o be_v sever_v therefrom_o without_o his_o consent_n and_o touch_v the_o intail_v of_o the_o office_n of_o the_o ranger_n of_o a_o forest_n it_o be_v hold_v in_o mancel_v case_n in_o the_o comment_n of_o mr._n plowden_n that_o the_o office_n of_o a_o bailiff_n or_o receiver_n of_o the_o rent_n of_o a_o manor_n may_v be_v entail_v so_o a_o use_n and_o a_o copyhold_n because_o these_o concern_v and_o depend_v upon_o land_n but_o the_o office_n of_o the_o master_n of_o the_o hawk_n or_o the_o mastership_n of_o the_o horse_n can_v not_o be_v give_v in_o tail_n within_o the_o statute_n of_o west_n 2._o de_fw-la donis_fw-la conditionalibus_fw-la nor_o a_o annuity_n which_o charge_v the_o person_n yet_o all_o these_o may_v be_v give_v or_o grant_v within_o these_o entail_v limitation_n but_o yet_o they_o be_v no_o intail_v within_o that_o statute_n i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o the_o office_n of_o a_o ranger_n of_o a_o forest_n can_v of_o itself_o be_v give_v in_o tail_n but_o have_v a_o manor_n belong_v to_o it_o make_v the_o question_n of_o more_o moment_n for_o as_o the_o office_n dese_fw-fr be_v not_o intailable_a so_o the_o land_n per_fw-mi se_fw-mi may_v be_v entail_v but_o land_n in_o our_o case_n be_v not_o the_o principal_a but_o the_o accessary_a &_o accessorium_fw-la sequitur_fw-la suum_fw-la principale_n and_o therefore_o see_v the_o land_n follow_v the_o office_n as_o the_o shadow_n do_v the_o body_n and_o pass_v out_o of_o his_o own_o kind_n by_o the_o ceremony_n belong_v to_o the_o office_n and_o not_o by_o the_o ceremony_n by_o which_o land_n be_v transfer_v and_o pass_v i_o shall_v therefore_o take_v it_o that_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o land_n shall_v be_v such_o as_o the_o office_n of_o itself_o may_v bear_v which_o can_v not_o be_v entail_v yet_o because_o in_o the_o say_a case_n of_o the_o forester_n with_o land_n belong_v to_o it_o be_v take_v to_o be_v in_o tail_n in_o 1_o h._n 7._o aforesaid_a with_o a_o remainder_n 7._o 1_o h._n 7._o thereof_o over_o in_o fee_n i_o be_o therefore_o conclude_v to_o make_v any_o further_a question_n of_o it_o and_o so_o i_o leave_v it_o as_o i_o find_v it_o and_o do_v pass_v to_o the_o argument_n of_o the_o other_o point_n second_o point_n the_o second_o common_a law_n point_n be_v whether_o this_o gift_n in_o my_o case_n be_v a_o frank-mariage_n or_o another_o entail_v i_o have_v observe_v in_o book_n that_o there_o be_v five_o thing_n incident_a to_o a_o gift_n in_o frank-mariage_n viz._n first_o it_o must_v be_v to_o or_o with_o a_o cousin_n within_o the_o four_o degree_n second_o the_o word_n frank-mariage_n must_v be_v literal_o express_v three_o the_o reversion_n must_v be_v leave_v at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o gift_n in_o the_o donor_n and_o then_o there_o be_v two_o other_o thing_n follow_v as_o consequent_n four_o acquital_n of_o payment_n of_o rent_n and_o service_n and_o five_o warranty_n to_o secure_v the_o estate_n and_o the_o want_n of_o these_o or_o any_o of_o these_o in_o the_o creation_n do_v destroy_v that_o estate_n in_o the_o conception_n here_o seem_v to_o be_v two_o impediment_n in_o my_o case_n to_o hinder_v this_o gift_n to_o take_v root_n as_o a_o frank_n marriage_n it_o be_v make_v abnepti_fw-la which_o be_v the_o cousin_n in_o the_o four_o degree_n and_o the_o last_o in_o those_o gift_n whereby_o the_o gift_n that_o way_n can_v have_v his_o full_a operation_n for_o that_o the_o first_o heir_n of_o their_o body_n be_v out_o of_o the_o former_a privilege_n but_o in_o regard_n i_o take_v it_o that_o a_o frank_n marriage_n do_v more_o respect_n his_o original_a creation_n in_o incepto_fw-la than_o the_o descent_n of_o the_o privilege_n to_o the_o heir_n in_o svo_fw-la progressu_fw-la i_o take_v this_o to_o be_v no_o impediment_n to_o hinder_v this_o from_o be_v a_o gift_n in_o frank_n marriage_n but_o here_o the_o word_n in_o the_o gift_n precede_v the_o word_n frank_a marriage_n do_v differ_v much_o from_o it_o for_o by_o the_o special_a limitation_n the_o heir_n female_n shall_v inherit_v with_o the_o heir_n male_n simul_n &_o semel_fw-la as_o heir_n in_o common_a but_o in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o frank_n marriage_n heir_n males_n shall_v first_o inherit_v single_a and_o for_o want_v of_o they_o then_o the_o female_n i_o do_v agree_v the_o law_n that_o in_o case_n where_o the_o special_a word_n of_o limitation_n may_v in_o construction_n be_v make_v to_o agree_v with_o the_o word_n and_o limitation_n of_o art_n contain_v in_o frank_n marriage_n the_o gift_n shall_v be_v take_v a_o frank_a marriage_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o 2_o h._n 3._o it._n suff_v fitz._n mordanc_n plac_fw-la 52._o where_o land_n be_v give_v 3._o 2_o h._n 3._o in_o frank_n marriage_n to_o r._n s._n cum_fw-la alicia_n sorore_fw-la le_fw-fr donor_n it_o a_o quod_fw-la post_fw-la mortem_fw-la dictae_fw-la aliciae_fw-la &_o puerorum_fw-la suorum_fw-la the_o land_n shall_v revert_v to_o the_o donor_n and_o this_o be_v adjudge_v a_o gift_n in_o frank_n marriage_n and_o the_o word_n it_o a_o quod_fw-la be_v hold_v of_o no_o validity_n neither_o will_v the_o word_n of_o reservandum_fw-la redendum_fw-la tenendum_fw-la or_o warrantizandum_fw-la though_o they_o vary_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o frank_n marriage_n yet_o they_o shall_v not_o destroy_v the_o same_o as_o a_o habendum_fw-la may_v do_v which_o be_v the_o word_n who_o proper_a place_n be_v to_o create_v the_o estate_n and_o therefore_o if_o any_o thing_n come_v therein_o which_o be_v repugnant_a thereunto_o the_o same_o will_v alter_v the_o quality_n of_o the_o gift_n and_o with_o this_o agree_v the_o case_n in_o 45_o edward_n the_o 3._o title_n tail_n 14_o and_o 31._o where_o land_n be_v give_v to_o i._n s._n in_o frank_n marriage_n with_o b._n the_o daughter_n 3._o 45_o e._n 3._o of_o the_o donor_n habendum_fw-la to_o they_o and_o their_o heir_n and_o this_o be_v hold_v a_o fee_n simple_a and_o no_o frank_a marriage_n and_o the_o like_a law_n be_v where_o land_n be_v grant_v in_o frank_n marriage_n the_o remainder_n in_o fee_n to_o i._n s._n and_o his_o heir_n the_o frank_a marriage_n be_v defeat_v by_o the_o opinion_n in_o br._n case_n and_o so_o in_o my_o case_n because_o there_o can_v be_v no_o reconciliation_n between_o the_o special_a word_n of_o limitation_n in_o my_o case_n and_o the_o word_n frank_n marriage_n i_o be_o therefore_o of_o opinion_n that_o this_o gift_n be_v a_o estate_n in_o tail_n according_a to_o the_o special_a limitation_n and_o no_o frank_a marriage_n three_o point_n whether_o the_o bastard_n shall_v inherit_v to_o have_v a_o estate_n in_o tail_n be_v the_o three_o common_a law_n question_n for_o i_o be_o clear_a of_o opinion_n that_o a_o bastard_n can_v inherit_v to_o a_o gift_n in_o frank_n marriage_n because_o adultery_n and_o fornication_n which_o be_v the_o seed_n of_o every_o bastard_n be_v opposite_a to_o marriage_n and_o in_o breach_n of_o that_o powerful_a link_n and_o knot_n of_o matrimony_n which_o be_v a_o ordinance_n derive_v from_o the_o divine_a power_n of_o the_o almighty_a and_o therefore_o see_v marriage_n be_v the_o material_a consideration_n of_o such_o a_o gift_n bastardy_n the_o opposite_a can_v never_o be_v out_o of_o the_o consideration_n come_v within_o the_o privilege_n to_o inherit_v this_o estate_n so_o if_o i_o give_v land_n to_o i._o and_o s._n and_o to_o the_o heir_n of_o their_o two_o body_n lawful_o beget_v their_o bastard_n can_v inherit_v to_o this_o gift_n because_o he_o be_v not_o heir_n of_o their_o two_o body_n lawful_o beget_v but_o if_o the_o word_n lawful_o have_v be_v out_o of_o the_o limitation_n than_o i_o see_v no_o reason_n but_o that_o a_o bastard_n may_v inherit_v to_o a_o estate_n in_o tail_n as_o to_o a_o fee_n simple_a conditional_a which_o he_o may_v have_v do_v at_o the_o common_a law_n see_v a_o estate_n tail_n may_v be_v make_v before_o marriage_n as_o expect_v to_o be_v confirm_v thereby_o and_o so_o a_o bastard_n bear_v before_o marriage_n be_v by_o the_o consummation_n of_o a_o succeed_a marriage_n make_v capable_a to_o inherit_v to_o they_o if_o his_o possession_n continue_v without_o disturbance_n to_o his_o death_n yet_o in_o blow_n com._n
perpetual_a charge_n by_o any_o power_n or_o authority_n give_v by_o this_o statute_n but_o in_o the_o say_a case_n of_o romney_n marsh_n the_o custom_n there_o maintain_v this_o point_n yet_o not_o a_o bene_fw-la verba_fw-la huius_fw-la statuti_fw-la which_o be_v these_o viz._n and_o to_o make_v and_o ordain_v statute_n ordinance_n and_o provision_n from_o time_n to_o time_n as_o the_o case_n shall_v require_v for_o the_o safeguard_n conservation_n redress_n correction_n or_o reformation_n of_o the_o premise_n and_o every_o of_o they_o and_o the_o party_n liable_a to_o the_o same_o necessary_a and_o behooveful_a after_o the_o law_n &_o custom_n of_o romney_n marsh_n in_o the_o county_n of_o kent_n or_o otherwise_o by_o any_o way_n or_o mean_n after_o their_o own_o wisdom_n and_o discretion_n these_o be_v the_o word_n and_o this_o be_v the_o clause_n which_o must_v make_v good_a this_o perpetual_a charge_n for_o that_o it_o do_v former_o appear_v that_o such_o like_a law_n and_o custom_n there_o be_v in_o romney_n marsh_n as_o this_o be_v and_o therefore_o i_o may_v conclude_v this_o point_n that_o the_o commissioner_n in_o imitation_n of_o the_o say_a ordinance_n of_o romney_n marsh_n may_v make_v decree_n to_o bind_v land_n to_o perpetual_a charge_n yet_o sir_n edward_n cook_n in_o keighlies_n case_n set_v it_o down_o as_o resolve_v that_o the_o several_a commissioner_n of_o sewer_n throughout_o all_o england_n be_v not_o bind_v to_o pursue_v the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o romney_n marsh_n but_o in_o case_n where_o some_o particular_a place_n within_o their_o commission_n have_v such_o law_n &_o custom_n as_o romney_n marsh_n have_v there_o they_o may_v pursue_v they_o but_o in_o my_o own_o opinion_n the_o commissioner_n may_v if_o they_o please_v make_v ordinance_n and_o law_n like_v to_o those_o of_o romney_n marsh_n where_o there_o have_v not_o be_v any_o such_o use_n and_o the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n as_o i_o take_v it_o will_v bear_v that_o construction_n and_o the_o say_a opinion_n of_o sir_n edward_n cook_n be_v not_o direct_o against_o this_o and_o upon_o decree_n for_o sale_n of_o land_n it_o be_v usual_a in_o these_o decree_n to_o bind_v those_o land_n to_o the_o perpetual_a repair_n sales_n of_o land_n the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n which_o be_v make_v for_o sale_n of_o land_n be_v these_o provide_v always_o that_o if_o any_o person_n or_o person_n be_v assess_v or_o tax_v to_o any_o lot_n or_o charge_n for_o any_o land_n tenement_n or_o hereditament_n within_o the_o limit_n of_o any_o commission_n hereafter_o to_o be_v direct_v do_v not_o pay_v the_o say_a lot_n and_o charge_n according_a to_o the_o order_n and_o assignment_n of_o the_o commissioner_n have_v power_n of_o the_o execution_n of_o the_o say_a commission_n etc._n etc._n by_o reason_n whereof_o if_o it_o shall_v happen_v the_o say_a commissioner_n for_o lack_v of_o payment_n of_o such_o lot_n &_o charge_n to_o decree_n and_o ordain_v the_o say_a land_n and_o tenement_n from_o the_o owner_n or_o owner_n thereof_o and_o their_o heir_n and_o the_o heir_n of_o every_o of_o they_o to_o any_o person_n or_o person_n for_o term_n of_o year_n term_v of_o life_n fee_fw-mi simple_a or_o fee_n tail_n for_o payment_n of_o the_o same_o lot_n and_o charge_n then_o every_o such_o decree_n and_o ordinance_n so_o by_o they_o ingross_v into_o parchment_n and_o certify_v under_o their_o seal_n into_o the_o king_n court_n of_o chancery_n with_o the_o king_n royal_a assent_n have_v to_o the_o same_o shall_v bind_v all_o and_o every_o person_n and_o person_n that_o at_o the_o make_n of_o the_o same_o decree_n have_v any_o interest_n in_o such_o land_n tenement_n and_o hereditament_n in_o use_n possession_n reversion_n or_o remainder_n their_o heir_n and_o feoffee_n and_o every_o of_o they_o and_o not_o to_o be_v in_o any_o wise_a reform_a unless_o it_o be_v by_o authority_n in_o parliament_n hereafter_o to_o be_v summon_v and_o hold_v within_o the_o realm_n and_o also_o that_o the_o same_o law_n ordinance_n and_o decree_n to_o be_v make_v and_o ordain_v by_o the_o commissioner_n or_o any_o six_o of_o they_o by_o authority_n of_o the_o say_a commission_n shall_v bind_v as_o well_o the_o land_n tenement_n and_o hereditament_n of_o our_o sovereign_n the_o king_n as_o all_z and_o every_o other_o person_n and_o person_n and_o their_o heir_n and_o such_o their_o interest_n as_o they_o shall_v fortune_n to_o have_v in_o any_o land_n tenement_n and_o hereditament_n or_o other_o casual_a profit_n advantage_n or_o commodity_n whatsoever_o they_o be_v whereunto_o the_o say_v law_n ordinance_n and_o decree_n shall_v in_o any_o wise_a extend_v according_a to_o the_o true_a purport_n meaning_n and_o intent_n of_o the_o say_a law_n this_o clause_n or_o proviso_n be_v strange_o place_v in_o this_o statute_n as_o if_o this_o statute_n have_v not_o be_v the_o first_o father_n of_o it_o and_o as_o if_o this_o law_n have_v make_v some_o addition_n to_o a_o former_a law_n but_o i_o take_v it_o that_o this_o statute_n be_v and_o be_v the_o first_o and_o only_a law_n which_o give_v sale_n of_o land_n in_o case_n of_o sewer_n and_o this_o clause_n stand_v upon_o these_o four_o pillar_n imprimis_fw-la for_o what_o cause_n land_n may_v be_v sell_v by_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n second_o what_o land_n be_v to_o be_v sell_v within_o these_o law_n three_o what_o person_n what_o estate_n and_o interest_n be_v to_o be_v bind_v thereby_o four_o to_o what_o person_n these_o land_n may_v be_v sell_v or_o decree_v the_o statute_n be_v if_o any_o person_n sess_v do_v not_o pay_v whereby_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o land_n be_v to_o be_v sell_v for_o sess_v and_o charge_v impose_v by_o the_o commissioner_n which_o lie_v in_o payment_n only_o and_o they_o may_v not_o be_v decree_v away_o for_o any_o other_o cause_n or_o matter_n and_o therefore_o if_o one_o hold_v his_o land_n to_o repair_v a_o wall_n bank_n sewer_n or_o other_o work_n of_o sewer_n and_o he_o neglect_v to_o repair_v the_o same_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n can_v for_o this_o cause_n decree_v the_o land_n away_o from_o the_o owner_n because_o this_o charge_n lie_v not_o in_o payment_n and_o i_o can_v gather_v out_o of_o the_o word_n of_o this_o statute_n that_o land_n can_v be_v decree_v for_o any_o cause_n then_o for_o nonpayment_n of_o a_o lot_n sess_n or_o charge_n by_o reason_n this_o word_n payment_n be_v reiterated_a three_o or_o four_o time_n in_o this_o branch_n of_o the_o statute_n and_o no_o other_o word_n be_v couple_v with_o it_o to_o infer_v any_o other_o or_o large_a exposition_n if_o i._o s._n do_v hold_v his_o land_n of_o the_o lord_n of_o a_o manor_n by_o the_o payment_n of_o twenty_o shilling_n yearly_a or_o other_o sum_n towards_o the_o repair_n of_o a_o work_n of_o sewer_n and_o he_o do_v neglect_v to_o pay_v the_o same_o whereby_o the_o work_n be_v unrepaired_a although_o this_o be_v a_o charge_n which_o lie_v in_o payment_n yet_o because_o it_o grow_v due_a by_o tenure_n by_o the_o common_a law_n and_o be_v not_o impose_v by_o the_o force_n of_o this_o statute_n therefore_o the_o land_n of_o i._o s._n can_v be_v decree_v from_o he_o by_o the_o nonpayment_n thereof_o by_o the_o tenor_n and_o virtue_n of_o this_o law_n of_o sewer_n but_o if_o the_o land_n of_o one_o be_v general_o charge_v to_o repair_v such_o a_o wall_n or_o other_o work_n of_o sewer_n by_o prescription_n covenant_n or_o otherwise_o and_o the_o commissioner_n impose_v a_o sesse_v and_o rate_v upon_o he_o to_o repair_v it_o and_o he_o do_v not_o there_o in_o this_o case_n although_o the_o charge_n be_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o common_a law_n yet_o because_o the_o sesse_v and_o rate_n be_v set_v upon_o he_o by_o the_o power_n of_o this_o statute_n i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o for_o neglect_v of_o payment_n the_o say_a land_n may_v be_v sell_v by_o the_o decree_n of_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n so_o if_o one_o do_v hold_v his_o land_n for_o the_o payment_n of_o twenty_o shilling_n to_o repair_v a_o bank_n and_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n do_v order_v the_o party_n to_o pay_v the_o twenty_o shilling_n at_o a_o time_n by_o they_o prescribe_v not_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o usual_a day_n of_o payment_n and_o he_o do_v neglect_v to_o pay_v the_o commissioner_n may_v decree_v his_o land_n from_o he_o because_o this_o charge_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o say_a order_n have_v get_v the_o force_n and_o power_n of_o this_o statute_n if_o a_o charge_n be_v general_o lay_v upon_o a_o township_n hundred_o or_o rape_n which_o be_v not_o pay_v according_a to_o the_o commissioner_n order_n no_o land_n can_v be_v decree_v in_o this_o case_n because_o no_o person_n or_o land_n be_v in_o this_o case_n particular_o charge_v and_o the_o
decree_n of_o the_o sale_n must_v be_v direct_v by_o and_o depend_v upon_o the_o sesse_v but_o if_o after_o the_o general_n sesse_v be_v lay_v the_o same_o be_v after_o assess_v upon_o particular_a person_n by_o particular_a sum_n by_o the_o say_a commissioner_n then_o upon_o default_n of_o payment_n their_o land_n make_v default_n may_v be_v decree_v from_o they_o by_o the_o power_n of_o this_o statute_n if_o a_o assess_v or_o charge_v of_o payment_n be_v lay_v upon_o certain_a land_n without_o mention_v the_o owner_n the_o land_n can_v be_v decree_v from_o he_o by_o this_o law_n for_o the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n be_v that_o if_o any_o person_n or_o person_n assess_v to_o any_o lot_n or_o charge_n do_v not_o pay_v so_o that_o i_o shall_v take_v it_o that_o no_o decree_n for_o sale_n of_o land_n can_v be_v make_v but_o where_o there_o be_v a_o person_n certain_o assess_v by_o name_n land_n can_v be_v decree_v away_o from_o the_o owner_n for_o default_n of_o payment_n of_o fines_n amerciament_n or_o pain_n for_o though_o these_o be_v sum_n of_o money_n or_o charge_n impose_v by_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n of_o person_n certain_a for_o matter_n touch_v these_o law_n yet_o because_o they_o be_v not_o sess_v or_o rate_v towards_o the_o repair_n of_o any_o work_n of_o sewer_n but_o be_v set_v upon_o the_o party_n as_o mulct_n and_o punishment_n and_o be_v due_a to_o the_o king_n therefore_o no_o decree_n of_o land_n can_v be_v make_v for_o any_o of_o they_o now_o the_o second_o part_n of_o this_o clause_n be_v what_o land_n may_v be_v decree_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o say_a statute_n and_o thereby_o it_o appear_v they_o must_v be_v such_o land_n as_o lie_v and_o be_v within_o the_o power_n of_o this_o commission_n of_o sewer_n and_o herein_o rest_v a_o difference_n between_o the_o case_n of_o a_o distress_n for_o a_o sesse_v which_o may_v be_v take_v in_o any_o place_n within_o this_o realm_n and_o the_o decree_n of_o sale_n of_o land_n for_o nonpayment_n of_o a_o sesse_v which_o must_v lie_v within_o the_o bound_n and_o extent_n of_o the_o commission_n for_o this_o distress_n be_v circumscribe_v to_o the_o extent_n of_o the_o statute_n which_o be_v over_o the_o whole_a realm_n and_o the_o sale_n be_v tie_v to_o the_o limit_n of_o the_o commission_n and_o i_o be_o also_o of_o opinion_n that_o no_o land_n can_v be_v sell_v away_o by_o the_o decree_n of_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n but_o such_o as_o be_v charge_v with_o the_o sesse_v if_o one_o hold_v his_o land_n in_o comitat_fw-la '_o eborum_fw-la to_o repair_v a_o sea-bank_n in_o the_o county_n of_o lincoln_n and_o the_o owner_n be_v assess_v therefore_o and_o make_v default_n of_o payment_n the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n in_o the_o county_n of_o lincoln_n may_v give_v warrant_n to_o distrain_v for_o this_o sesse_v in_o the_o county_n of_o york_n but_o they_o can_v decree_v away_o by_o sale_n those_o land_n lie_v there_o which_o be_v charge_v with_o the_o sesse_v a_o copyholder_n land_n can_v be_v decree_v against_o he_o by_o this_o law_n for_o if_o it_o may_v than_o these_o customary_a land_n shall_v be_v transfer_v from_o one_o to_o another_o contrary_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o manor_n whereof_o they_o be_v parcel_n and_o it_o will_v infringe_v that_o rule_n which_o be_v deliver_v in_o heidons_n case_n case_n heidons_n case_n in_o cook_n 3_o report_n which_o be_v when_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n do_v alter_v the_o service_n tenure_n and_o interest_n of_o the_o land_n or_o other_o thing_n in_o prejudice_n of_o the_o lord_n or_o of_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o manor_n or_o of_o the_o tenant_n there_o the_o general_a word_n of_o such_o a_o statute_n do_v not_o extend_v to_o copyhold_n and_o in_o this_o case_n if_o any_o sale_n shall_v be_v make_v by_o the_o commissioner_n all_o the_o say_a rule_n shall_v be_v infringe_v for_o it_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o custom_n to_o pass_v these_o land_n without_o surrender_n it_o be_v in_o prejudice_n of_o the_o lord_n to_o have_v copyhold-land_n pass_v and_o he_o to_o have_v no_o fine_a and_o i_o be_o likewise_o of_o opinion_n that_o the_o freehold_a of_o these_o land_n can_v not_o be_v pass_v away_o for_o a_o sesse_v or_o a_o lay_n because_o the_o lord_n have_v but_o the_o shadow_n and_o the_o copyholder_n have_v the_o substance_n but_o if_o the_o lord_n rent_n of_o assize_n shall_v be_v assess_v as_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v and_o he_o do_v neglect_v to_o pay_v than_o these_o rent_n may_v be_v decree_v from_o he_o and_o so_o may_v all_o other_o land_n tenement_n and_o hereditament_n decree_v in_o respect_n whereof_o one_o be_v sessable_a and_o sess_v by_o the_o law_n the_o three_o branch_n of_o this_o clause_n be_v the_o direct_a point_n in_o my_o case_n viz._n what_o person_n &_o what_o estate_n be_v bind_v by_o these_o decree_n and_o first_o of_o the_o heir_n in_o tail_n whether_o they_o be_v bind_v by_o a_o decree_n make_v against_o the_o donee_n in_o tail_n their_o ancestor_n be_v the_o question_n in_o the_o handle_n whereof_o i_o hold_v it_o sit_v to_o show_v in_o what_o case_n the_o heir_n in_o tail_n have_v be_v bind_v by_o the_o act_n of_o their_o ancestor_n and_o the_o reason_n and_o cause_n thereof_o and_o therefore_o if_o a_o disseisor_n make_v a_o gift_n in_o tail_n and_o the_o donee_n in_o tail_n grant_v a_o rent_n to_o the_o dissessee_n for_o release_v of_o his_o right_n this_o will_v bind_v the_o heir_n in_o tail_n for_o that_o by_o this_o release_n his_o estate_n which_o before_o be_v defeisable_v be_v now_o confirm_v as_o by_o the_o book_n of_o 44_o ed._n 3._o 22._o and_o 20_o ed._n 4._o 13._o 3._o 44_o ed._n 3._o 20_o ed._n 4._o 46_o ed._n 3._o appear_v and_o so_o in_o 46_o ed._n 3._o a_o gift_n in_o tail_n be_v make_v ita_fw-la quod_fw-la the_o donee_n may_v alien_n to_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o heir_n in_o tail_n and_o and_o this_o by_o judge_n welbey_n be_v hold_v a_o condition_n which_o bind_v the_o heir_n in_o tail_n for_o his_o benefit_n and_o in_o 12._o ed._n 4._o 1._o tregouse_n and_o taltarm_n case_n be_v that_o a_o recovery_n against_o tenant_n 4._o 12_o ed._n 4._o in_o tail_n with_o a_o voucher_n by_o he_o over_o do_v bind_v the_o heir_n in_o tail_n by_o the_o common_a law_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o intend_a recompense_n which_o be_v to_o come_v to_o he_o by_o the_o voucher_n and_o so_o a_o lineal_a warranty_n with_o asset_n and_o a_o collateral_a warranty_n without_o asset_n be_v and_o be_v both_o of_o they_o bar_n to_o the_o issue_n by_o reason_n also_o of_o the_o intend_a recompense_n and_o these_o be_v thing_n which_o be_v original_o tie_v to_o those_o estate_n and_o be_v incident_n to_o they_o ab_fw-la initio_fw-la and_o therefore_o this_o shall_v suffice_v to_o treat_v of_o bar_n to_o the_o issue_n in_o tail_n by_o the_o common_a law_n and_o now_o i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o show_v in_o what_o case_n they_o be_v bar_v of_o their_o estate_n by_o the_o statute_n of_o this_o realm_n by_o the_o statute_n of_o 16_o r._n 2._o cap._n 5._o the_o land_n and_o tenement_n 2._o 16_o r._n 2._o of_o one_o attaint_n in_o a_o praemunire_n be_v to_o be_v forfeit_v to_o the_o king_n and_o in_o 21_o eliz._n one_o trudgin_n be_v tenant_n in_o tail_n el._n 11_o el._n and_o be_v attaint_v in_o a_o praemunire_n and_o the_o question_n be_v whether_o entail_v land_n be_v forfeit_v against_o the_o issue_n in_o tail_n or_o not_o and_o in_o doctor_n forster_n case_n in_o cook_n 11_o report_n rep._n c._n 11_o rep._n it_o be_v there_o say_v to_o be_v resolve_v that_o the_o general_a word_n of_o that_o statute_n do_v not_o repeal_v the_o statute_n of_o westminster_n 2._o of_o entail_v and_o so_o the_o forfeiture_n be_v there_o resolve_v to_o continue_v but_o for_o the_o life_n of_o trudgin_n and_o do_v not_o bind_v the_o issue_n in_o tail_n a_o judgement_n in_o debt_n against_o tenant_n in_o tail_n or_o if_o he_o be_v bind_v in_o a_o statute_n or_o in_o a_o recognizance_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o statute_n the_o land_n entail_v be_v not_o extendable_a nor_o to_o be_v hold_v in_o extent_n by_o the_o statute_n of_o westminster_n 2._o acton_n burnel_n or_o by_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr mercatoribus_fw-la by_o any_o of_o the_o general_a word_n of_o these_o law_n but_o the_o statute_n of_o 33_o h._n 8._o cap._n 39_o by_o express_a word_n bind_v the_o heir_n in_o tail_n for_o their_o land_n 8._o 23_o h._n 8._o who_o ancestor_n stand_v indebt_v to_o the_o king_n by_o judgement_n recognizance_n obligation_n or_o other_o specialty_n but_o the_o statute_n of_o 26_o h._n 8._o cap._n 13._o enact_n that_o every_o 8._o 26_o h._n 8._o one_o which_o shall_v be_v
attaint_v of_o treason_n shall_v forfeit_v the_o land_n whereof_o he_o be_v seize_v of_o any_o estate_n of_o inheritance_n and_o by_o this_o statute_n entail_v land_n be_v forfeit_v and_o the_o word_n of_o any_o estate_n of_o inheritance_n be_v the_o word_n which_o give_v that_o forfeiture_n the_o one_o in_o fee_n simple_a the_o other_o in_o fee_n tail_n and_o the_o word_n any_o presuppose_v more_o estate_n of_o inheritance_n than_o one_o but_o whether_o a_o decree_n of_o sale_n of_o land_n make_v by_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n shall_v bind_v the_o heir_n in_o tail_n be_v the_o point_n of_o my_o case_n and_o in_o my_o opinion_n i_o think_v they_o shall_v be_v bar_v for_o the_o cause_n and_o reason_n follow_v first_o the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o sewer_n be_v that_o such_o a_o decree_n shall_v bind_v all_o and_o every_o person_n and_o person_n that_o at_o the_o make_n of_o the_o same_o decree_n have_v any_o interest_n in_o such_o land_n tenement_n &_o hereditament_n in_o uso_n possession_n remainder_n or_o reversion_n their_o heir_n and_o assign_v so_o that_o by_o express_a word_n it_o bind_v the_o heir_n and_o it_o will_v have_v bind_v the_o heir_n of_o a_o tenant_n in_o fee_n simple_a without_o the_o word_n heir_n express_v in_o the_o statute_n therefore_o the_o word_n heir_n need_v not_o but_o only_o for_o the_o bind_n of_o the_o heir_n in_o tail_n also_o if_o these_o land_n be_v charge_v by_o prescription_n as_o many_o land_n be_v than_o be_v the_o land_n original_o bind_v and_o the_o heir_n in_o tail_n stand_v charge_v with_o these_o sess_v as_o well_o as_o land_n in_o fee_n simple_a and_o last_o this_o be_v a_o law_n enact_v for_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o commonweal_n and_o be_v more_o to_o be_v favour_v then_o particular_a estate_n of_o heir_n in_o tail_n but_o the_o case_n of_o the_o praemunire_n be_v penal_a in_o point_n of_o a_o forfeiture_n which_o be_v to_o be_v strict_o take_v for_o the_o king_n and_o favourable_o for_o the_o subject_n and_o therefore_o in_o my_o opinion_n the_o heir_n in_o tail_n shall_v be_v bind_v in_o these_o case_n of_o sale_n and_o the_o rather_o because_o they_o be_v within_o the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n videlicet_fw-la heir_n general_o put_v which_o extend_v to_o heir_n in_o tail_n as_o well_o as_o to_o heir_n in_o fee_n simple_a and_o because_o the_o sesse_v and_o charge_n shall_v bind_v both_o alike_o so_o in_o my_o opinion_n the_o sale_n shall_v bind_v both_o in_o regard_n the_o sale_n depend_v upon_o the_o charge_n and_o sesse_v if_o a_o prebend_n parson_n or_o vicar_n dean_n bishop_n or_o such_o like_a which_o be_v seize_v of_o land_n in_o their_o politic_a capacity_n be_v sess_v to_o repair_v of_o work_n of_o sewer_n their_o land_n can_v be_v decree_v away_o from_o they_o in_o such_o sort_n as_o to_o bind_v their_o successor_n for_o as_o this_o statute_n of_o sewer_n extend_v to_o bind_v land_n by_o decree_n in_o perpetuity_n so_o the_o statute_n of_o 1_o and_o 13_o and_o 14_o eliz._n restrain_v alienation_n and_o where_o those_o statute_n restrain_v they_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o this_o general_a statute_n of_o sewer_n do_v not_o dispense_v with_o those_o statute_n in_o croft_n case_n crofts_n and_o howel_n case_n and_o howel_n case_v in_o blow_n comment_fw-fr a_o fine_a with_o proclamation_n and_o non-claim_a by_o five_o year_n do_v bind_v the_o corporation_n of_o the_o mystery_n of_o the_o cook_n in_o london_n for_o their_o right_n in_o land_n and_o so_o all_o other_o corporation_n which_o be_v absolute_a of_o themselves_o and_o need_v not_o the_o assent_n of_o any_o other_o as_o major_n and_o commonalty_n dean_n and_o chapter_n master_n and_o fellow_n of_o college_n but_o the_o law_n be_v otherwise_o of_o parson_n vicar_n prebend_n and_o such_o like_a and_o the_o like_a exposition_n do_v i_o make_v of_o they_o in_o this_o statute_n of_o sewer_n but_o i_o will_v here_o make_v a_o distinction_n i_o be_o notwithstanding_o of_o opinion_n that_o the_o parson_n vicar_n prebend_n and_o such_o like_a for_o their_o own_o neglect_n be_v bind_v during_o their_o time_n but_o not_o their_o successor_n after_o they_o and_o note_v this_o statute_n though_o it_o mention_v heir_n yet_o it_o do_v not_o at_o all_o mention_n successor_n which_o be_v worthy_a of_o consideration_n also_o and_o in_o my_o opinion_n this_o statute_n as_o to_o decree_n to_o be_v make_v of_o land_n will_v bind_v woman_n covert_a baron_n infant_n person_n that_o be_v non_fw-la sanae_fw-la mentis_fw-la and_o such_o like_a because_o it_o be_v a_o law_n make_v for_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o so_o it_o be_v hold_v in_o zouche_n case_n in_o the_o com._n that_o the_o statute_n of_o 4_o h._n 7._o of_o fine_n have_v bind_v infant_n idiot_n and_o woman_n court_v baron_n have_v they_o not_o be_v except_v in_o that_o statute_n a_o forciori_fw-la case_n zouch_v case_n shall_v they_o be_v comprise_v in_o this_o statute_n for_o the_o statute_n of_o fine_n be_v make_v for_o the_o peace_n of_o the_o weal-public_a but_o the_o statute_n of_o sewer_n be_v make_v for_o the_o safety_n thereof_o if_o there_o be_v two_o tenant_n in_o common_a which_o be_v sess_v towards_o the_o repair_n of_o a_o wall_n bank_n or_o such_o like_a work_n of_o sewer_n and_o one_o of_o they_o do_v neglect_v to_o pay_v his_o proportionable_a part_n whether_o commissioner_n may_v decree_v a_o moiety_n without_o partition_n both_o of_o the_o sesse_v and_o land_n be_v a_o question_n for_o their_o estate_n be_v several_a though_o there_o be_v a_o community_n in_o take_v of_o the_o profit_n and_o therefore_o the_o matter_n be_v whether_o the_o assess_v shall_v attend_v upon_o the_o possession_n which_o be_v in_o common_a or_o upon_o their_o estate_n which_o be_v several_a and_o although_o commissioner_n in_o assess_v be_v not_o bind_v to_o take_v notice_n of_o their_o estate_n yet_o if_o they_o take_v upon_o they_o to_o decree_v a_o man_n land_n from_o he_o they_o be_v then_o to_o take_v notice_n of_o his_o estate_n and_o of_o all_o other_o circumstance_n necessary_o depend_v thereupon_o in_o 22_o h._n 6._o fol._n 12._o if_o a_o trespass_n be_v do_v upon_o land_n which_o be_v hold_v in_o common_a they_o be_v to_o join_v in_o a_o action_n but_o if_o one_o of_o they_o die_v that_o action_n shall_v survive_v for_o though_o they_o be_v joint_a in_o the_o personalty_n yet_o they_o disjoin_v in_o the_o realty_n and_o if_o two_o tenant_n in_o common_a of_o land_n join_v in_o a_o grant_n of_o ten_o pound_n rend_v charge_v out_o of_o their_o land_n the_o grantee_n shall_v have_v ten_o pound_n yearly_a of_o either_o by_o the_o opinion_n of_o mr._n perkins_n but_o if_o a_o sesse_v of_o ten_o pound_n be_v lay_v and_o impose_v upon_o they_o by_o this_o law_n of_o sewer_n this_o sesse_v shall_v not_o double_a as_o the_o rent_n shall_v yet_o in_o this_o case_n of_o a_o joint_n assess_v impose_v upon_o tenant_n in_o common_a and_o one_o will_v pay_v his_o moiety_n and_o his_o companion_n refuse_v the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n can_v sell_v a_o moiety_n of_o the_o land_n for_o that_o it_o be_v a_o joint_n sess_v and_o be_v not_o impose_v by_o moiety_n and_o the_o sale_n do_v depend_v upon_o the_o sess_v and_o all_o may_v not_o be_v sell_v for_o that_o one_o tenant_n in_o common_a can_v prejudice_v his_o companion_n in_o thing_n of_o realty_n the_o four_o matter_n be_v to_o who_o land_n may_v be_v decree_v by_o this_o law_n for_o by_o the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o commissioner_n have_v power_n to_o decree_v land_n for_o default_n of_o payment_n for_o year_n for_o life_n in_o tail_n or_o in_o fee_n simple_a whereby_o the_o law_n intend_v they_o shall_v make_v their_o decree_n for_o sale_n according_a to_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o sess_v and_o so_o shall_v use_v moderation_n in_o the_o estate_n they_o make_v or_o sell_v therefore_o and_o it_o be_v not_o intend_v they_o shall_v sell_v the_o feesimple_n away_o for_o sess_v which_o may_v be_v satisfy_v with_o the_o make_n of_o a_o less_o estate_n and_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o this_o decree_n do_v make_v the_o estate_n with_o the_o help_n of_o this_o statute_n according_a to_o the_o limitation_n which_o shall_v therein_o be_v declare_v and_o that_o the_o party_n shall_v have_v estate_n according_a as_o the_o same_o be_v thereby_o limit_v unto_o he_o and_o this_o be_v no_o equitable_a decree_n which_o bind_v the_o person_n only_o as_o chancery_n decree_v be_v but_o it_o bind_v the_o land_n and_o therefore_o the_o commissioner_n may_v not_o decree_v land_n to_o a_o corporation_n as_o to_o a_o major_a and_o commonalty_n dean_n and_o chapter_n or_o such_o like_a which_o be_v mortmain_n for_o the_o general_a word_n of_o this_o statute_n
or_o grant_v to_o he_o as_o king_n but_o by_o record_n and_o in_o the_o same_o degree_n be_v a_o county_n palatine_n in_o his_o county_n because_o he_o have_v there_o jura_n regalis_fw-la and_o this_o livery_n and_o seisin_n may_v be_v actual_o and_o real_o do_v and_o perform_v or_o else_o it_o may_v be_v do_v within_o the_o view_n of_o the_o land_n intend_v to_o be_v convey_v and_o as_o touch_v livery_n and_o seisin_n to_o be_v actual_o effect_v if_o the_o feoffment_n contain_v land_n in_o two_o several_a county_n and_o livery_n and_o seisin_n be_v make_v in_o one_o county_n in_o name_n of_o both_o this_o will_v not_o pass_v the_o land_n in_o another_o county_n because_o the_o land_n pass_v by_o the_o livery_n which_o be_v local_a and_o not_o by_o the_o deed._n but_o in_o a_o exchange_n of_o land_n in_o two_o several_a county_n by_o deed_n the_o same_o be_v good_a for_o there_o the_o land_n pass_v by_o the_o deed._n but_o if_o one_o make_v a_o feoffment_n of_o a_o manor_n lie_v in_o demesn_a in_o the_o county_n of_o l._n and_o in_o service_n in_o the_o county_n of_o m._n these_o service_n and_o so_o rent_n will_v pass_v by_o attornment_n of_o the_o tenant_n though_o they_o lie_v in_o a_o foreign_a county_n and_o so_o of_o a_o advowson_n appendant_a and_o such_o like_a because_o those_o rent_n and_o service_n pass_v not_o by_o the_o local_a ceremony_n of_o livery_n and_o seisin_n but_o by_o the_o ceremony_n of_o attornment_n which_o be_v personal_a and_o depend_v upon_o the_o person_n which_o be_v transitory_a wherein_o i_o take_v this_o difference_n that_o if_o a_o feoffment_n be_v make_v of_o a_o manor_n by_o parol_n the_o advowson_n appendant_a villain_n regardant_a and_o rent_n and_o service_n by_o attornment_n of_o tenant_n will_v not_o pass_v to_o the_o feoffee_n till_o the_o demesn_n and_o land_n be_v first_o convey_v but_o if_o the_o feoffment_n be_v by_o deed_n than_o the_o rent_n and_o service_n will_v pass_v by_o attornment_n of_o the_o tenant_n and_o delivery_n of_o the_o deed_n before_o livery_n and_o seisin_n be_v make_v to_o pass_v the_o demesn_n then_o see_v that_o land_n in_o one_o county_n will_v not_o pass_v by_o feoffment_n by_o express_a livery_n make_v in_o a_o other_o county_n if_o then_o the_o same_o may_v be_v pass_v and_o convey_v by_o livery_n within_o the_o view_n be_v the_o question_n of_o our_o case_n and_o in_o my_o opinion_n they_o may_v because_o it_o be_v a_o ceremony_n perform_v by_o the_o eye_n which_o be_v a_o member_n or_o instrument_n which_o have_v his_o operation_n by_o aspect_n tam_fw-la procùl_fw-la quam_fw-la propè_fw-la but_o express_a livery_n and_o seisin_n which_o be_v do_v by_o the_o hand_n can_v in_o reason_n be_v extend_v to_o another_o place_n then_o where_o the_o body_n be_v and_o although_o the_o eye_n be_v fix_v in_o the_o head_n annex_v to_o the_o body_n yet_o like_o the_o sun_n his_o beam_n be_v carry_v afar_o of_o and_o this_o livery_n by_o the_o view_n be_v not_o a_o livery_n in_o the_o county_n where_o the_o body_n be_v but_o proper_o in_o the_o county_n where_o the_o land_n lie_v which_o be_v the_o object_n of_o the_o eye_n and_o in_o this_o case_n it_o be_v say_v to_o be_v livery_n only_o and_o not_o livery_n and_o seisin_n because_o the_o seisin_n be_v proper_o when_o the_o party_n enter_v and_o the_o entry_n of_o the_o party_n be_v that_o which_o perfect_v the_o work_n which_o be_v in_o proprio_fw-la commitatu_fw-la and_o for_o authority_n in_o the_o point_n 28._o ed._n 3._o foe_n 11._o there_o be_v a_o case_n according_a to_o my_o opinion_n where_o the_o husband_n at_o the_o church_n door_n when_o 11._o 18._o e._n 3._o foe_n 11._o he_o be_v to_o take_v one_o to_o wife_n he_o make_v a_o deed_n of_o feoffment_n of_o land_n lie_v in_o another_o county_n to_o the_o say_a woman_n and_o then_o deliver_v the_o deed_n to_o she_o and_o show_v she_o the_o land_n than_o they_o marry_v and_o he_o enter_v in_o claim_v to_o her_o use_n and_o these_o land_n be_v thereby_o well_o convey_v to_o the_o say_a woman_n by_o this_o livery_n within_o the_o view_n in_o another_o county_n now_o it_o be_v fit_a to_o be_v declare_v what_o view_n be_v sufficient_a for_o there_o be_v two_o manner_n of_o view_n the_o one_o general_n the_o other_o special_a in_o the_o special_a view_n every_o particular_a piece_n of_o ground_n be_v to_o be_v see_v but_o in_o the_o general_a view_n it_o suffice_v to_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o ground_n by_o the_o place_n they_o lie_v in_o and_o in_o my_o opinion_n the_o general_a view_n in_o my_o case_n will_v suffice_v for_o if_o one_o make_v a_o feoffment_n in_o fee_n of_o a_o whole_a island_n or_o of_o a_o whole_a manor_n or_o town_n and_o make_v livery_n thereof_o within_o the_o view_n this_o be_v good_a and_o yet_o it_o be_v not_o possible_a to_o view_v every_o particular_a piece_n of_o ground_n at_o once_o for_o tree_n house_n and_o hill_n may_v so_o be_v interpose_v that_o the_o view_n can_v not_o be_v take_v of_o some_o part_n thereof_o yet_o notwithstanding_o view_v of_o the_o rest_n will_v pass_v also_o if_o land_n be_v cover_v with_o water_n ice_n or_o snow_n these_o will_v pass_v well_o in_o a_o feoffment_n or_o livery_n in_o the_o view_n in_o brook_n title_n view_v plac_n 101._o the_o case_n there_o may_v give_v 101._o brook_z 101._o the_o rule_n to_o our_o case_n for_o there_o it_o be_v say_v in_o a_o writ_n of_o view_n it_o be_v not_o necessary_a that_o all_o particular_n in_o specie_fw-la shall_v be_v put_v in_o view_n but_o to_o see_v the_o field_n where_o the_o ground_n lie_v promiscuous_o it_o will_v suffice_v and_o be_v a_o good_a and_o perfect_a view_n sed_fw-la est_fw-la un_fw-fr auter_n diversity_n concernant_fw-la view_v carsi_n un_fw-fr fait_fw-fr feoffment_n de_fw-fr b._n acre_n que_fw-fr gist_n del_fw-it auter_n part_n dam_n mountain_n tout_fw-fr horse_n del_o view_v la_o liverey_n de_fw-fr ceo_fw-la nest_n bone_n sans_o express_v view_v tamen_fw-la tout_fw-fr voile_n passer_n per_n view_v de_fw-fr part_n &_o sic_fw-la in_o mon_fw-fr case_n on_o part_n '_o gist_n south_n le_fw-fr flood_n deal_v mere_a ceo_fw-la non_fw-la obstant_fw-la pass_v ut_fw-la parcel_n del_fw-it manor_n ascun_n aver_v teneus_fw-la &_o ceo_fw-la knightley_n pour_fw-fr un_fw-fr in_o 28._o h._n 8._o in_o 8._o 28._o h._n 8._o dier_n que_fw-fr livercy_fw-fr dein_n le_fw-fr view_v doit_fw-fr tout_fw-fr foit_n este_fw-la fait_fw-fr in_fw-la case_n the_o necessity_n ceo_fw-la urge_v in_o respect_n deal_v choose_v ou_fw-fr del_o person_n deal_v choose_v quia_fw-la leterre_fw-fr gist_n del_fw-it further_a side_n dun_a grand_a ewe_n ou_fw-fr in_o le_fw-fr ewe_n ou_fw-fr ne_fw-fr pvit_fw-fr host_n facile_a access_n del_fw-it person_n quia_fw-la que_fw-fr le_fw-fr feoffor_n ou_fw-fr feoffee_n soit_fw-fr lame_a ou_fw-fr infirm_a &_o detraher_o ceo_fw-la in_o question_n jeo_n aye_o miss_v mon_fw-fr case_n quia_fw-la le_fw-fr feoffment_n &_o liverey_n fuit_fw-la ad_fw-la plenitudinem_fw-la maris_fw-la tamen_fw-la jeo_n sue_v the_o opinion_n que_fw-fr liverey_n dein_n le_fw-fr view_v pvit_fw-fr este_fw-la fait_fw-fr sans_fw-fr ascun_fw-fr matter_n de_fw-fr necessity_n ceo_fw-la urge_v &_o ceo_fw-la jeo_n collect_v per_fw-mi le_fw-fr liver_n the_o 42._o ed._n 3._o fitz._n feoffment_n 54._o when_o the_o son_n do_v give_v back_o the_o land_n to_o his_o father_n as_o free_o as_o his_o father_n have_v 3._o 42._o ed._n 3._o former_o give_v the_o same_o to_o he_o and_o this_o be_v within_o the_o view_n and_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v that_o either_o this_o livery_n or_o the_o other_o make_v to_o the_o say_a woman_n in_o 28._o ed._n 3._o be_v make_v of_o any_o necessity_n urge_v the_o same_o and_o there_o be_v some_o person_n which_o can_v neither_o give_v nor_o take_v by_o livery_n within_o the_o view_n and_o that_o be_v where_o the_o feoffor_a or_o feoffee_n be_v blind_a so_o a_o major_a and_o commonalty_n dean_n and_o chapter_n or_o other_o corporate_a and_o politic_a capacity_n can_v give_v or_o take_v within_o the_o view_n some_o have_v hold_v a_o difference_n that_o a_o parson_n of_o a_o church_n may_v not_o take_v by_o livery_n within_o the_o view_n to_o he_o and_o his_o successor_n because_o that_o come_v to_o he_o in_o his_o politic_a capacity_n which_o have_v no_o eye_n but_o if_o he_o be_v seize_v in_o the_o right_n of_o his_o church_n that_o he_o may_v infeoff_v i._o s._n thereof_o by_o livery_n within_o the_o view_n because_o this_o be_v a_o wrong_n to_o the_o church_n and_o therefore_o conceit_n a_o conceit_n be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o his_o natural_a capacity_n which_o have_v eye_n but_o the_o main_a point_n in_o my_o case_n be_v whether_o livery_n within_o the_o view_n may_v be_v give_v and_o take_v by_o attorney_n and_o whether_o the_o view_n be_v so_o incident_a to_o the_o person_n that_o it_o
according_a to_o my_o say_a conclusion_n of_o my_o case_n here_o the_o king_n have_v a_o part_n the_o prince_n a_o part_n and_o the_o subject_a a_o part_n of_o the_o ground_n leave_v by_o the_o sea_n my_o tenet_n therefore_o be_v these_o first_o that_o the_o subject_n may_v have_v the_o ground_n of_o the_o sea_n to_o the_o low-water_n mark_n and_o that_o no_o custom_n can_v extend_v the_o ownership_n of_o a_o subject_a further_o that_o a_o subject_n can_v have_v the_o ground_n to_o the_o low-water_n mark_n but_o by_o custom_n and_o prescription_n and_o i_o take_v it_o that_o it_o be_v very_o disputable_a whether_o ground_n before_o they_o be_v relinquish_v by_o the_o sea_n may_v be_v gain_v by_o charter_n and_o grant_n from_o the_o crown_n i_o suppose_v they_o may_v that_o the_o word_n incrementum_fw-la &_o decrementum_fw-la maris_fw-la be_v full_o describe_v by_o the_o say_a record_n of_o 43_o e._n 3._o of_o the_o abbot_n of_o ramsey_n that_o be_v that_o if_o the_o decrease_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v by_o little_a and_o unperceiveable_a mean_n and_o grow_v only_o in_o long_a tract_n of_o time_n whereby_o some_o addition_n be_v make_v to_o the_o frontager_n ground_n these_o by_o these_o word_n may_v appertain_v to_o the_o subject_n and_o herein_o the_o say_a word_n have_v no_o other_o operation_n but_o land_n leave_v to_o the_o shore_n by_o great_a quantity_n and_o by_o a_o sudden_a occasion_n and_o perceivable_a mean_n accrue_v whole_o to_o the_o king_n that_o the_o increase_n to_o the_o say_a county_n palatine_n for_o the_o cause_n aforesaid_a do_v appertain_v to_o the_o prince_n as_o earl_n of_o chester_n the_o shore_n but_o now_o i_o be_o arrive_v at_o the_o continent_n and_o the_o first_o ground_n i_o set_v my_o foot_n on_o be_v the_o shore_n which_o in_o latin_a be_v call_v littus_n maris_n it_o take_v the_o name_n whole_o from_o the_o sea_n as_o partake_v most_o with_o her_o nature_n and_o so_o exit_fw-la digniori_fw-la parte_fw-la appellatur_fw-la yet_o it_o be_v not_o all_o one_o with_o the_o sea_n nor_o with_o the_o land_n but_o participate_v with_o they_o both_o and_o mr._n bracton_n in_o his_o second_o book_n chap._n 12._o say_v that_o littora_fw-la maris_fw-la bracton_n bracton_n accessoria_fw-la what_o the_o shore_n be_v appear_v by_o justinian_n the_o emperor_n in_o his_o institutes_n lib._n 2._o pag._n 141._o and_o be_v there_o thus_o define_v justinian_n justinian_n littus_n maris_fw-la est_fw-la quousque_fw-la maximus_fw-la hibernicus_n &_o jus_o fluctus_fw-la eluderet_fw-la &_o quousque_fw-la fluctus_fw-la maris_fw-la in_o estate_n longius_fw-la exestuat_fw-la and_o with_o this_o agree_v cicero_n topicorum_fw-la the_o shore_n be_v not_o count_v for_o land_n or_o ground_n gain_v from_o the_o sea_n or_o leave_v by_o it_o because_o at_o cicero_n cicero_n every_o full_a sea_n it_o be_v cover_v with_o the_o water_n thereof_o in_o the_o 13._o chapter_n of_o st._n matthews_n gospel_n ver_fw-la 2_o 3._o it_o be_v say_v that_o 3._o mat._n 13._o 2_o 3._o our_o saviour_n jesus_n go_v into_o a_o ship_n and_o sate_v there_o and_o the_o whole_a multitude_n stand_v on_o the_o shore_n and_o he_o speak_v unto_o they_o hereby_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o shore_n be_v the_o dry_a land_n because_o they_o stand_v thereon_o and_o it_o be_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o ground_n for_o thereon_o stand_v a_o multitude_n and_o it_o be_v near_o the_o brink_n of_o the_o water_n because_o they_o hear_v jesus_n speak_v unto_o they_o out_o of_o the_o ship_n in_o point_n of_o property_n and_o ownership_n it_o be_v the_o king_n as_o lord_n of_o the_o sea_n but_o as_o sir_n henry_n constable_n case_n be_v a_o subject_n may_v have_v the_o same_o as_o belong_v to_o his_o manor_n by_o prescription_n in_o the_o imperial_a law_n which_o the_o civilian_n use_v the_o sea_n shore_n be_v hold_v to_o be_v common_a to_o all_o and_o that_o it_o be_v as_o lawful_a for_o diogenes_n the_o poor_a cynic_n as_o croesus_n the_o rich_a king_n casam_n 161._o ponere_fw-la &_o retia_fw-la siccare_fw-la but_o our_o common_a law_n of_o england_n do_v in_o reason_n much_o surpass_v either_o the_o imperial_a law_n or_o the_o civil_a law_n in_o distinguish_v upon_o these_o for_o it_o be_v say_v rex_fw-la in_fw-la ca_fw-mi habit_n proprietatem_fw-la sed_fw-la populus_fw-la habet_fw-la usum_fw-la ibidem_fw-la necessarium_fw-la so_o that_o as_o to_o the_o lade_n and_o unlade_v of_o ship_n and_o for_o dry_v of_o net_n there_o and_o for_o other_o necessary_a business_n the_o subject_n have_v these_o use_n therein_o but_o the_o soil_n and_o ground_n thereof_o belong_v proper_o dom_a '_o regi_fw-la and_o a_o subject_n may_v have_v the_o same_o by_o prescription_n and_o therefore_o such_o as_o hold_v the_o shore_n to_o be_v the_o extreme_a point_n both_o of_o land_n and_o water_n be_v in_o a_o great_a error_n for_o as_o justinian_n say_v in_o his_o institutes_n quod_fw-la gemmae_fw-la &_o lapilli_fw-la praeciosi_fw-la inveniuntur_fw-la which_o can_v be_v take_v no_o otherwise_o sed_fw-la super_fw-la terram_fw-la aqua_fw-la relictam_fw-la so_o that_o this_o shall_v suffice_v to_o have_v say_v concern_v the_o sea_n shore_n sea_n coast_n the_o coast_n of_o the_o sea_n come_v next_o in_o order_n to_o be_v treat_v of_o costera_fw-la maris_fw-la be_v word_n well_o know_v but_o their_o confine_a definition_n be_v hard_o to_o be_v find_v out_o yet_o certain_o they_o contain_v the_o shore_n and_o bank_n for_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o 27._o eliz._n chap._n 24._o a_o act_n be_v make_v for_o the_o mend_n of_o the_o bank_n and_o 24._o 27_o eliz._n 24._o sea_n work_v on_o the_o sea_n coast_n but_o in_o the_o 7._o chap._n of_o maccabee_n coast_n have_v a_o large_a extent_n for_o there_o demetrius_n son_n of_o seleucus_n depart_v from_o rome_n and_o come_v to_o a_o city_n of_o the_o sea_n 7._o maccabee_n 7._o coast_n here_o a_o whole_a city_n be_v set_v on_o the_o sea_n coast_n and_o in_o justine_n treat_v of_o alexander_n the_o great_a it_o be_v report_v of_o he_o that_o he_o enter_v into_o licia_n and_o pamphilia_n and_o win_v and_o conquer_v all_o justine_n justine_n the_o sea_n coast_n this_o can_v be_v take_v for_o no_o less_o than_o whole_a country_n for_o alexander_n great_a mind_n and_o huge_a army_n can_v not_o march_v on_o a_o molehill_n or_o small_a tract_n of_o ground_n in_o st._n mark_n chap._n 7._o it_o be_v thus_o write_v that_o jesus_n depart_v from_o the_o coast_n of_o tyre_n and_o sydon_n come_v to_o galilee_n so_o that_o it_o may_v thereby_o be_v gather_v that_o these_o coast_n be_v near_o the_o sea_n for_o our_o saviour_n be_v no_o soon_o out_o of_o the_o coast_n but_o he_o be_v on_o the_o sea_n which_o show_v that_o sea_n and_o coast_n be_v contiguè_fw-fr jacentia_fw-la yet_o no_o certain_a definition_n can_v i_o find_v of_o the_o word_n coast_n of_o the_o sea_n but_o by_o these_o and_o such_o like_a description_n yet_o this_o i_o gather_v and_o collect_v thereby_o that_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o whole_a world_n a_o whole_a kingdom_n lie_v next_o may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v a_o sea_n coast_n and_o a_o whole_a county_n in_o respect_n of_o a_o kingdom_n and_o in_o my_o opinion_n the_o next_o town_n and_o territory_n thereof_o lie_v next_o to_o the_o sea_n be_v in_o our_o law_n take_v to_o be_v the_o sea_n coast_n and_o no_o other_o and_o therefore_o some_o do_v much_o err_v which_o take_v coast_n to_o be_v the_o edge_n of_o land_n next_o the_o water_n and_o shore_n to_o be_v the_o brink_n of_o the_o water_n next_o the_o land_n quasi_fw-la duo_fw-la opposita_fw-la and_o because_o creek_n havens_n and_o port_n be_v all_o of_o they_o within_o the_o charge_n of_o this_o law_n and_o this_o statute_n be_v material_o make_v in_o defence_n thereof_o and_o as_o they_o differ_v in_o appellation_n so_o they_o vary_v in_o definition_n yet_o they_o do_v in_o some_o thing_n agree_v in_o the_o material_a i_o will_v therefore_o deliver_v my_o opinion_n of_o they_o creek_n creek_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v a_o inlet_n of_o sea_n corner_a into_o the_o main_a land_n shoot_v with_o a_o narrow_a passage_n into_o some_o angle_n of_o the_o land_n and_o therein_o stretch_v itself_o more_o then_o ordinary_a into_o the_o land_n and_o so_o hold_v not_o even_a quarter_n with_o the_o levant_n sea_n and_o such_o creek_n or_o inlet_n we_o common_o term_v in_o the_o law_n to_o be_v arm_n of_o the_o sea_n for_o like_a as_o the_o arm_n of_o a_o man_n shoot_v out_o from_o the_o body_n so_o by_o a_o metaphor_n the_o inlet_n or_o corner_n of_o the_o sea_n let_v into_o the_o land_n be_v call_v a_o arm_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o although_o it_o go_v far_o into_o the_o land_n yet_o the_o point_n of_o land_n on_o both_o side_n may_v well_o be_v discover_v and_o this_o appear_v in_o that_o great_a arm_n of_o the_o sea_n on_o humber_n where_o it_o
the_o exposition_n be_v not_o to_o be_v tie_v hereto_o so_o notwithstanding_o this_o exception_n these_o ground_n though_o gain_v since_o the_o statute_n be_v within_o the_o relief_n thereof_o the_o second_o cause_n wherefore_o these_o new_a ground_n shall_v not_o be_v within_o this_o law_n be_v because_o these_o land_n be_v increase_v beyond_o the_o bound_n since_o the_o make_n of_o these_o law_n and_o so_o it_o may_v be_v allege_v that_o they_o can_v extend_v to_o the_o new_a enlargement_n for_o mr._n blow_n in_o his_o com._n fol._n 129._o say_v that_o law_n com._n blow_n com._n and_o privilege_n tie_v to_o a_o certain_a place_n or_o precinct_n can_v be_v 129._o fol._n 129._o extend_v or_o enlarge_v beyond_o the_o ancient_a bound_n although_o the_o predinct_n be_v enlarge_v as_o the_o case_n in_o 7_o h._n 6._o fol._n 32._o 32._o 7_o h_n 6._o fol._n 32._o where_n in_o a_o nativo_fw-la habendo_fw-la a_o villain_n have_v remain_v a_o year_n and_o a_o day_n in_o london_n which_o be_v ancient_a demesn_a and_o there_o be_v a_o privilege_n that_o every_o villain_n and_o bondslave_n which_o have_v remain_v a_o day_n and_o a_o year_n in_o london_n the_o lord_n may_v not_o seize_v he_o and_o the_o villain_n plead_v that_o he_o have_v remain_v a_o year_n and_o a_o day_n there_o and_o so_o take_v himself_o to_o be_v within_o that_o privilege_n but_o because_o since_o the_o say_a liberty_n grant_v the_o bound_n of_o london_n be_v much_o increase_v therefore_o it_o be_v there_o hold_v that_o the_o say_a liberty_n and_o privilege_n do_v not_o extend_v to_o the_o new_a enlargement_n and_o the_o case_n be_v also_o put_v in_o the_o say_a comment_n that_o the_o bishop_n of_o durham_n have_v divers_a liberty_n in_o his_o land_n lie_v between_o the_o two_o river_n of_o tyne_n and_o tese_n and_o after_o he_o purchase_v other_o land_n there_o the_o say_a liberty_n do_v not_o extend_v to_o the_o say_v new_o purchase_v land_n and_o the_o like_a law_n be_v if_o one_o have_v a_o warren_n in_o his_o manor_n and_o land_n in_o dale_n after_o he_o purchase_v more_o ground_n there_o his_o warren_n do_v not_o extend_v unto_o they_o and_o so_o where_o one_o have_v by_o charter_n the_o land_n of_o person_n forfeit_v for_o treason_n he_o can_v not_o have_v by_o the_o say_v ancient_a charter_n land_n forfeit_v for_o treason_n by_o tenant_n in_o tail_n because_o the_o forfeiture_n of_o they_o be_v give_v by_o a_o late_a statute_n since_o the_o charter_n but_o his_o non_fw-la obstantibus_fw-la i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o this_o statute_n i_o now_o treat_v on_o extend_v to_o these_o new_a gain_v ground_n and_o i_o take_v a_o difference_n between_o a_o special_a law_n of_o privilege_n and_o liberty_n which_o be_v stint_v or_o bound_v either_o by_o statute_n charter_n or_o custom_n the_o same_o can_v by_o no_o construction_n be_v make_v to_o exceed_v the_o bound_n but_o the_o general_a law_n of_o this_o kingdom_n as_o this_o law_n of_o we_o be_v the_o extent_n thereof_o be_v as_o large_a as_o the_o whole_a realm_n be_v and_o they_o be_v not_o tie_v to_o stint_a limit_n as_o particular_a private_a charter_n and_o custom_n be_v and_o so_o i_o conclude_v that_o in_o point_n of_o extent_n this_o statute_n of_o 23_o h._n 8._o be_v tie_v to_o no_o other_o bound_n then_o to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n diversity_n between_o ground_n gain_v and_o ground_n leave_v the_o three_o matter_n be_v that_o which_o i_o have_v ground_v the_o conclusion_n of_o my_o case_n upon_o and_o that_o be_v whether_o the_o ground_n in_o my_o case_n new_o leave_v by_o the_o sea_n to_o the_o shore_n and_o the_o shore_n be_v such_o ground_n as_o be_v within_o this_o commission_n and_o in_o my_o opinion_n they_o be_v not_o and_o therefore_o to_o maintain_v my_o opinion_n herein_o i_o take_v a_o difference_n between_o ground_n leave_v by_o the_o sea_n and_o ground_n gain_v from_o the_o sea_n for_o ground_n leave_v be_v of_o no_o value_n and_o bring_v forth_o no_o fruit_n or_o increase_v at_o all_o but_o the_o uppermost_a part_n thereof_o be_v sand_n which_o these_o law_n take_v no_o hold_n of_o for_o the_o commission_n extend_v only_o to_o ground_n win_v and_o make_v profitable_a for_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o this_o realm_n which_o terra_n relicta_fw-la yield_v not_o for_o no_o profit_n at_o all_o thereof_o arise_v till_o the_o sand_n be_v in_v and_o gain_v and_o these_o law_n make_v the_o commissioner_n saviour_n and_o not_o gainer_n and_o therefore_o do_v extend_v the_o commission_n but_o to_o the_o utttermost_a bank_n and_o wall_n and_o leave_v the_o shore_n as_o ground_n possess_v by_o the_o sea_n and_o so_o be_v put_v pro_fw-la in_o defenso_fw-la by_o this_o law_n and_o therefore_o i_o do_v make_v my_o conclusion_n as_o follow_v first_o that_o the_o sea_n creek_n and_o bay_n be_v all_o within_o this_o statute_n in_o point_n of_o extent_n but_o that_o they_o and_o the_o shore_n and_o the_o relinquish_v ground_n be_v all_o of_o they_o out_o of_o this_o commission_n of_o sewer_n to_o be_v deal_v withal_o thereby_o second_o that_o port_n and_o havens_n be_v total_o the_o water_n as_o well_o as_o the_o wall_n and_o bank_n thereof_o within_o the_o commission_n of_o sewer_n three_o the_o shore_n and_o ground_n leave_v by_o the_o sea_n when_o they_o be_v put_v as_o in_o gainage_n be_v then_o and_o not_o before_o within_o the_o power_n of_o the_o commission_n of_o sewer_n four_o although_o the_o ground_n leave_v by_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o in_o point_n of_o defence_n within_o the_o commission_n of_o sewer_n yet_o a_o wall_n or_o bank_n may_v be_v thereon_o raise_v for_o the_o aid_n and_o succour_v of_o the_o country_n but_o not_o for_o any_o cause_n where_o the_o defence_n extend_v but_o to_o themselves_o and_o although_o the_o ground_n that_o have_v be_v gain_v from_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o county_n of_o lincoln_n and_o elsewhere_o in_o this_o realm_n yet_o that_o be_v do_v at_o the_o labour_n of_o private_a man_n and_o not_o by_o the_o commission_n of_o sewer_n which_o aim_v at_o the_o general_a good_a and_o not_o at_o private_a commodity_n so_o that_o super_fw-la totam_fw-la materiam_fw-la i_o be_o of_o opinion_n with_o the_o conclusion_n of_o my_o case_n that_o be_v that_o the_o say_v new_a island_n be_v the_o king_n the_o ground_n leave_v to_o the_o shore_n pertain_v to_o c._n the_o subject_n and_o that_o because_o they_o be_v all_o of_o they_o within_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n they_o be_v therefore_o within_o the_o extent_n of_o this_o statute_n but_o in_o regard_n they_o be_v ground_n leave_v only_o and_o not_o gain_v nor_o make_v profitable_a for_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o this_o realm_n they_o be_v not_o therefore_o within_o this_o commission_n and_o so_o i_o conclude_v my_o argument_n as_o i_o do_v my_o case_n in_o which_o i_o hope_v i_o have_v neither_o injure_v the_o subject_a in_o his_o private_a inheritance_n nor_o wrong_a prerogative_n in_o any_o point_n finis_fw-la primae_fw-la lecturae_fw-la initium_fw-la secundae_fw-la lecturae_fw-la forasmuch_o as_o the_o first_o day_n i_o go_v perambulation_n about_o the_o sea_n and_o of_o all_o which_o belong_v to_o her_o empire_n and_o dominion_n wherein_o i_o do_v survey_v her_o bound_n her_o quality_n and_o her_o government_n now_o i_o do_v intend_v to_o go_v a_o progress_n through_o the_o land_n and_o to_o take_v a_o view_n of_o the_o fair_a goodly_a river_n which_o make_v their_o voyage_n to_o the_o sea_n for_o these_o my_o statute_n have_v take_v into_o her_o protection_n and_o this_o second_o day_n i_o purpose_v to_o call_v a_o court_n of_o oyer_n and_o terminer_n and_o i_o do_v intend_v with_o your_o gentle_a patience_n to_o examine_v all_o the_o particular_n there_o arise_v and_o because_o the_o say_a statute_n of_o 23_o h._n 8._o must_v be_v my_o chief_a guide_n to_o direct_v my_o fair_a passage_n through_o these_o uncouth_a way_n i_o will_v pray_v aid_n thereon_o and_o i_o will_v now_o proceed_v to_o declare_v what_o business_n on_o land_n this_o law_n have_v undertake_v to_o defend_v and_o what_o offence_n it_o purpose_v to_o reform_v and_o according_o the_o say_a law_n do_v distribute_v itself_o into_o these_o particular_a branch_n i._o i._o first_o into_o matter_n of_o defence_n this_o statute_n maintain_v be_v these_o follow_v viz._n 1._o wall_n 2._o bank_n 3._o ditch_n 4._o gutter_n 5._o sewer_n 6._o goat_n 7._o calceys_n 8._o bridges_n second_o into_o matter_n of_o offence_n which_o this_o statute_n term_v let_v we_o impediment_n and_o annoyance_n which_o be_v to_o be_v put_v down_o or_o reform_v as_o cause_n shall_v require_v 1._o stream_n 2._o mill_n 3._o pond_n 4._o fishgarth_n 5._o mildam_n 6._o lock_n 7._o hebbingwer_n 8._o heck_n 9_o floodgate_n 10._o other_o like_a let_n and_o impediment_n and_o to_o the_o end_n i_o may_v full_o
examine_v this_o part_n of_o the_o statute_n which_o produce_v these_o matter_n i_o have_v frame_v a_o case_n which_o do_v give_v occasion_n in_o this_o day_n exercise_v to_o dispute_v of_o all_o they_o the_o case_n for_o the_o second_o lecture_n a._n lease_v his_o manor_n in_o the_o county_n of_o lincoln_n in_o which_o case_n second_o case_n be_v copyhold_n to_o b._n a_o young_a son_n for_o his_o life_n upon_o condition_n to_o have_v it_o for_o the_o life_n of_o c._n upon_o condition_n to_o have_v it_o to_o he_o and_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o body_n of_o his_o father_n a_o copyhold_n be_v forfeit_a the_o first_o condition_n be_v perform_v the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n in_o that_o county_n upon_o view_n survey_v and_o by_o their_o discretion_n decree_v a_o new_a bank_n where_o none_o be_v before_o to_o resist_v the_o sea_n and_o a_o new_a river_n to_o be_v cut_v to_o drain_v the_o superfluous_a water_n in_o s._n and_o a_o old_a sewer_n in_o d._n to_o be_v repair_v and_o by_o inquisition_n assess_v b._n the_o lessee_n for_o the_o manor_n the_o copyholder_n for_o the_o copyhold_n land_n and_o the_o town_n of_o s._n and_o also_o the_o parson_n there_o for_o his_o tithe_n because_o they_o lie_v all_o in_o the_o level_n the_o second_o condition_n be_v perform_v b._n enter_v in_o the_o copyhold_n my_o conclusion_n be_v that_o this_o new_a bank_n new_a river_n and_o old_a sewer_n be_v well_o decree_v but_o the_o say_v sesse_v be_v void_a in_o toto_fw-la &_o in_fw-la qualibet_fw-la parte_fw-la point_n at_o the_o common_a law_n the_o point_n of_o this_o case_n be_v three_o at_o the_o common_a law_n and_o three_o upon_o this_o statute_n but_o all_o of_o they_o be_v so_o weave_v within_o another_o that_o every_o one_o of_o they_o go_v hand_n in_o hand_n from_o the_o begin_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o case_n imprimis_fw-la whether_o the_o duplicate_v condition_n be_v good_a or_o not_o second_o what_o estate_n b._n the_o young_a son_n have_v by_o the_o first_o condition_n and_o what_o estate_n he_o have_v get_v by_o the_o second_o three_o a_o copyhold_n become_v forfeit_a to_o the_o lord_n and_o before_o the_o lord_n take_v advantage_n of_o it_o his_o estate_n be_v change_v whether_o by_o the_o change_n of_o his_o estate_n the_o benefit_n of_o the_o forfeiture_n be_v lose_v or_o not_o point_n upon_o the_o statute_n imprimis_fw-la whether_o commissioner_n have_v power_n to_o decree_v a_o new_a bank_n a_o new_a drain_v and_o other_o new_a defence_n or_o not_o and_o herein_o the_o quality_n and_o property_n of_o river_n stream_n and_o bank_n and_o their_o dependent_n be_v to_o be_v treat_v of_o second_o whether_o they_o may_v decree_v the_o say_v new_a defence_n by_o view_n and_o survey_v and_o herein_o be_v to_o be_v handle_v what_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n may_v do_v by_o survey_n and_o what_o they_o may_v do_v by_o their_o discretion_n and_o what_o they_o may_v do_v by_o jury_n three_o in_o what_o case_n assess_v and_o tax_n may_v be_v lay_v and_o impose_v and_o on_o what_o thing_n and_o in_o what_o manner_n they_o be_v to_o be_v impose_v and_o whether_o the_o rate_n set_v upon_o the_o person_n in_o any_o case_n be_v well_o do_v or_o not_o and_o where_o the_o fault_n be_v if_o any_o be_v argumentum_fw-la lectoris_fw-la see_v it_o have_v be_v the_o ancient_a order_n for_o the_o reader_n of_o this_o place_n to_o maintain_v the_o conclusion_n of_o his_o case_n i_o shall_v therefore_o endeavour_v myself_o to_o perform_v that_o order_n which_o custom_n have_v impose_v upon_o i_o and_z according_o as_o i_o have_v conclude_v so_o i_o take_v the_o law_n to_o be_v and_o touch_v the_o first_o point_n it_o have_v be_v challenge_v and_o draw_v in_o question_n upon_o some_o opinion_n deliver_v in_o the_o rector_n of_o cheddingtons_n case_n in_o sir_n edward_n cook_n first_o report_n where_o it_o say_v that_o one_o contingent_a can_v depend_v upon_o another_o report_n sir_n ed._n cook_n 1_o report_n but_o more_o strict_o it_o be_v call_v to_o a_o account_n in_o the_o lord_n staffords_n case_n in_o sir_n edward_n cook_n eight_o report_n for_o there_o it_o be_v 8._o cook_n rep._n 8._o hold_v that_o one_o possibility_n can_v depend_v upon_o another_o possibility_n and_o this_o case_n be_v there_o put_v that_o if_o a._n let_v land_n to_o b._n for_o year_n upon_o condition_n to_o have_v it_o for_o life_n and_o upon_o condition_n to_o have_v fee_n that_o the_o fee_fw-mi simple_a can_v never_o increase_v by_o the_o second_o condition_n but_o as_o he_o say_v in_o another_o case_n amicus_fw-la plato_n amicus_fw-la socrates_n sed_fw-la magis_fw-la amica_fw-la veritas_fw-la his_o rule_n take_v in_o the_o first_o case_n be_v very_o general_a and_o the_o lord_n staffords_n case_n admit_v distinction_n which_o in_o my_o argument_n i_o shall_v apply_v myself_o unto_o and_o some_o difference_n i_o shall_v take_v in_o this_o point_n in_o question_n therefore_o i_o shall_v thus_o distinguish_v that_o if_o upon_o performance_n of_o the_o first_o condition_n the_o original_a estate_n be_v determine_v upon_o which_o both_o the_o first_o and_o second_o condition_n be_v build_v and_o ground_v the_o second_o condition_n and_o increase_n thereupon_o be_v utter_o void_a but_o if_o the_o first_o estate_n be_v not_o destroy_v nor_o confound_v upon_o the_o first_o condition_n perform_v the_o second_o condition_n and_o estate_n thereof_o which_o shall_v be_v get_v thereby_o may_v then_o well_o grow_v upon_o the_o old_a stock_n to_o explain_v this_o by_o example_n if_o a._n give_v land_n to_o b._n in_o fee_n simple_a upon_o condition_n to_o have_v the_o land_n in_o tail_n upon_o condition_n to_o have_v for_o life_n here_o because_o the_o first_o estate_n and_o livery_n by_o the_o first_o condition_n be_v not_o destroy_v therefore_o the_o second_o condition_n shall_v well_o stand_v in_o force_n so_o i_o do_v make_v a_o lease_n to_o a._n for_o twenty_o year_n upon_o condition_n to_o have_v the_o land_n for_o forty_o year_n upon_o condition_n to_o have_v fee_n this_o first_o condition_n and_o second_o condition_n may_v have_v both_o their_o full_a operation_n for_o by_o the_o performance_n of_o the_o first_o condition_n the_o lease_n of_o twenty_o year_n be_v not_o destroy_v but_o stand_v on_o foot_n and_o therefore_o the_o original_a estate_n remain_v unconfound_v the_o fee_n simple_a may_v well_o increase_v by_o the_o performance_n of_o the_o second_o condition_n but_o if_o a_o lease_n be_v make_v to_o a._n for_o his_o life_n upon_o condition_n to_o have_v in_o tail_n upon_o condition_n to_o have_v fee_n the_o second_o condition_n here_o be_v utter_o void_a because_o by_o the_o performance_n of_o the_o first_o condition_n a._n have_v a_o estate_n in_o tail_n which_o drown_v and_o destroy_v his_o estate_n for_o life_n and_o so_o because_o every_o decrease_a and_o increase_a estate_n be_v to_o depend_v upon_o the_o first_o estate_n which_o receive_v the_o livery_n which_o be_v the_o life_n of_o all_o therefore_o the_o second_o estate_n can_v never_o accrue_v in_o this_o case_n and_o this_o be_v true_a reason_n as_o i_o take_v it_o of_o the_o say_a case_n put_v in_o the_o lord_n staffords_n case_n for_o there_o the_o case_n for_o year_n be_v destroy_v by_o the_o lease_n for_o life_n which_o come_v by_o the_o first_o case_n lord_z staffords_z case_n condition_n and_o so_o the_o fee_fw-mi simple_a there_o can_v never_o accrue_v by_o the_o second_o condition_n and_o in_o answer_n to_o the_o say_v general_a ground_n take_v in_o the_o rector_n of_o cheddingtons_n case_n that_o one_o case_n rector_n de_fw-fr cheddingtons_n case_n contingent_a or_o possibility_n can_v depend_v upon_o another_o under_o favour_n i_o take_v it_o not_o that_o i_o be_o bind_v thereby_o neither_o be_v it_o the_o meaning_n of_o sir_n edward_n cook_n as_o i_o take_v it_o to_o extend_v the_o same_o so_o large_o as_o they_o be_v there_o put_v because_o i_o find_v many_o authority_n of_o great_a account_n which_o be_v against_o the_o say_a general_a position_n and_o first_o in_o the_o 38_o h._n 8._o br._n feoffment_n pl._n 71._o a_o feoffment_n s._n 38_o h._n s._n be_v make_v to_o the_o use_n of_o a._n and_o his_o heir_n until_o i._o s._n pay_v he_o ten_o pound_n and_o then_o to_o i._o s._n and_o his_o heir_n and_o so_o to_o the_o three_o person_n and_o what_o be_v this_o but_o one_o condition_n contingent_a and_o possibility_n to_o depend_v upon_o another_o for_o these_o contingent_n there_o be_v hold_v good_a and_o be_v build_v upon_o a_o sure_a foundation_n and_o so_o in_o dig_v case_n in_o sir_n edward_n cook_n report_v where_o a_o feoffment_n be_v make_v to_o the_o use_n of_o a._n and_o his_o heir_n with_o case_n dig_v case_n power_n of_o revocation_n and_o after_o of_o new_a limitation_n of_o estate_n these_o be_v also_o contingent_n and_o possibility_n
fol._n 57_o in_o winbish_n and_o tailboys_n case_n it_o be_v say_v that_o if_o there_o be_v a_o bastard_n eigne_n and_o mulier_fw-la puisne_n and_o the_o bastard_n after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o ancestor_n enter_v into_o entail_v land_n and_o die_v seize_v this_o do_v not_o bind_v the_o mulier_fw-la in_o case_n of_o estate_n tail_n as_o it_o do_v in_o a_o estate_n of_o fee_n simple_a and_o vouch_v for_o authority_n in_o the_o point_n 39_o ed._n 3._o plac_fw-la ultimo_fw-la where_o the_o case_n be_v that_o land_n be_v give_v in_o tail_n to_o i._o s._n the_o remainder_n 3._o 39_o ed._n 3._o in_o tail_n to_o c._n and_o i._n s._n have_v issue_n by_o a_o woman_n a_o bastard_n and_o die_v seize_v and_o then_o the_o bastard_n die_v seize_v have_v issue_n he_o in_o the_o remainder_n may_v recover_v the_o land_n against_o the_o issue_n of_o the_o bastard_n affirm_v that_o the_o continuance_n of_o possession_n in_o the_o bastard_n shall_v not_o be_v prejudicial_a to_o he_o in_o remainder_n to_o which_o opinion_n i_o do_v subscribe_v because_o he_o in_o the_o remainder_n be_v a_o stranger_n in_o blood_n and_o so_o can_v be_v conclude_v as_o the_o mulier_fw-la shall_v be_v for_o a_o mulier_fw-la indeed_o be_v like_o a_o graft_n draw_v out_o of_o both_o the_o blood_n of_o father_n and_o mother_n so_o the_o bastard_n be_v a_o slip_n which_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o same_o stock_n and_o have_v his_o be_v therefrom_o and_o for_o my_o own_o opinion_n consider_v the_o statute_n of_o westminster_n 2._o de_fw-fr donis_n do_v accept_v of_o gift_n in_o tail_n make_v before_o marriage_n upon_o the_o hope_n and_o expectation_n of_o a_o succeed_a marriage_n to_o perfect_v the_o same_o even_o so_o the_o marriage_n succeed_v to_o a_o bastard_n birth_n give_v he_o and_o his_o issue_n a_o privilege_n in_o these_o case_n of_o descent_n which_o be_v deny_v to_o other_o bastard_n or_o mere_a stranger_n and_o i_o see_v no_o reason_n wherefore_o that_o maxim_n and_o principle_n of_o law_n shall_v be_v alter_v by_o the_o say_a statute_n of_o west_n 2._o but_o because_o mountagues_n opinion_n in_o mr._n blow_n com._n sway_v the_o other_o way_n i_o will_v therefore_o submit_v this_o point_n to_o man_n of_o great_a judgement_n than_o my_o own_o so_o that_o if_o the_o law_n fall_v out_o for_o the_o bastard_n issue_n than_o she_o shall_v have_v title_n to_o the_o half_a part_n belong_v to_o the_o female_n and_o to_o no_o part_n belong_v to_o the_o heir_n males_n and_o with_o this_o conclusion_n i_o do_v here_o end_v my_o common_a law_n point_n and_o will_v now_o resort_v to_o the_o handle_n of_o my_o statute_n point_n the_o sewer_n be_v a_o court_n of_o justice_n i_o be_o desirous_a to_o attribute_v to_o this_o law_n all_o the_o honour_n and_o dignity_n which_o may_v in_o any_o sort_n belong_v to_o it_o and_o therefore_o i_o be_o unwilling_a to_o forget_v any_o thing_n which_o may_v material_o tend_v to_o the_o uphold_v and_o maintain_v thereof_o wherein_o among_o the_o rest_n and_o the_o chief_a of_o they_o all_o it_o be_v to_o prove_v the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n a_o court_n of_o justice_n i_o know_v some_o opinion_n have_v be_v to_o the_o contrary_a and_o hold_v that_o the_o commissioner_n have_v only_o the_o power_n of_o a_o commission_n and_o not_o any_o court_n and_o i_o suppose_v much_o may_v be_v say_v to_o maintain_v that_o opinion_n first_o because_o in_o expressis_fw-la terminis_fw-la there_o be_v no_o court_n ordain_v by_o this_o statute_n or_o by_o any_o other_o and_o without_o word_n express_v in_o the_o point_n they_o can_v have_v no_o court._n second_o by_o precedent_n in_o the_o like_a case_n it_o have_v be_v hold_v no_o court_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o city_n of_o london_n in_o sir_n edward_n cook_n 8_o report_n the_o king_n grant_v to_o the_o major_a and_o commonalty_n plenum_fw-la &_o integrum_fw-la scrutinium_fw-la gubernationem_fw-la london_n the_o case_n of_o the_o city_n of_o london_n &_o correctionem_fw-la omnium_fw-la &_o singularum_fw-la misteriarum_fw-la and_o it_o be_v resolve_v that_o they_o have_v no_o court_n in_o this_o case_n because_o no_o court_n be_v grant_v to_o they_o by_o the_o patent_n as_o it_o be_v hold_v in_o doctor_n bonham_n case_n fol._n 119_o in_o the_o same_o report_n wherein_o the_o principal_a case_n there_o put_v sway_v the_o same_o way_n for_o there_o the_o physician_n have_v power_n to_o imprison_v and_o to_o fine_a offender_n yet_o they_o have_v not_o any_o court_n thereby_o and_o so_o if_o a_o commission_n issue_n out_o of_o the_o chancery_n to_o examine_v matter_n in_o a_o suit_n there_o depend_v and_o to_o oyer_n and_o terminer_n the_o same_o yet_o hereby_o these_o commissioner_n have_v not_o any_o court_n for_o in_o that_o case_n the_o commission_n be_v derive_v out_o of_o the_o proper_a power_n of_o the_o chancery_n which_o be_v the_o court_n for_o that_o cause_n eo_fw-la instant_n when_o it_o be_v in_o commission_n and_o one_o cause_o can_v uno_fw-la eodemque_fw-la tempore_fw-la depend_v in_o several_a court_n neither_o have_v the_o commissioner_n upon_o the_o statute_n of_o bankrupt_n and_o charitable_a use_n any_o court_n nor_o the_o commissioner_n in_o the_o case_n of_o 1_o &_o 2_o eliz._n dier_n fol._n 175._o which_o have_v power_n to_o hear_v and_o determine_v the_o office_n of_o the_o exigenter_fw-la have_v not_o any_o court_n but_o only_o the_o power_n of_o a_o commission_n for_o in_o truth_n these_o be_v all_o of_o they_o rather_o ministerial_a then_o judicial_a commission_n and_o so_o a_o court_n be_v not_o proper_a to_o they_o yet_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n have_v a_o eminent_a court_n of_o record_n it_o be_v true_a that_o court_n have_v their_o beginning_n in_o three_o sort_n first_o by_o prescription_n second_o by_o charter-grant_a from_o the_o crown_n and_o three_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1._o the_o court_n hundred_o and_o leet_n begin_v by_o custom_n and_o so_o do_v the_o eminent_a court_n of_o westminster-hall_n 2._o court_n in_o corporation_n most_o of_o they_o take_v their_o beginning_n by_o charter_n and_o 3._o the_o court_n of_o first_o fruit_n and_o ten_o and_o the_o court_n of_o ward_n and_o livery_n be_v erect_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n the_o one_o in_o 32_o the_o other_o in_o 33_o hen._n 8._o but_o to_o bring_v the_o question_n near_a home_n to_o our_o statute_n of_o sewer_n which_o be_v but_o additamentum_fw-la legibus_fw-la antiquis_fw-la sewerarum_fw-la for_o they_o have_v be_v use_v from_o the_o begin_n of_o law_n though_o perhaps_o not_o know_v by_o that_o name_n and_o yet_o before_o the_o 6_o h._n 6._o they_o be_v know_v by_o that_o name_n as_o by_o the_o perusal_n of_o that_o statute_n may_v be_v collect_v and_o therefore_o for_o the_o cause_n and_o reason_n hereafter_o ensue_v i_o hold_v the_o same_o to_o be_v a_o court._n first_o for_o that_o the_o statute_n of_o 12_o ed._n 4._o cap._n 7._o and_o our_o very_a statute_n of_o 23_o h._n 8._o call_v the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n 4._o 12_o ed._n 4._o justice_n and_o one_o can_v proper_o be_v a_o justice_n or_o a_o judge_n but_o in_o a_o court._n second_o here_o be_v legal_a proceed_n and_o process_n for_o this_o statute_n say_v that_o the_o commissioner_n may_v make_v and_o direct_v all_o writ_n precept_n warrant_n and_o other_o commandment_n to_o all_o sheriff_n bailiff_n and_o other_o minister_n etc._n etc._n and_o the_o statute_n of_o 1_o h._n 4._o cap._n 12._o have_v these_o word_n in_o it_o that_o he_o that_o think_v 4._o 1_o h._n 4._o himself_o grieve_a may_v pursue_v and_o he_o shall_v have_v right_a and_o where_o there_o be_v legal_a proceed_n and_o where_o party_n grieve_v may_v come_v in_o and_o have_v remedy_n for_o the_o wrong_n and_o injury_n do_v to_o they_o there_o be_v proper_o a_o court_n of_o justice_n to_o have_v they_o in_o but_o in_o doctor_n bonham_n case_v the_o physician_n have_v no_o legal_a proceed_n and_o therefore_o party_n grieve_v can_v have_v no_o remedy_n which_o be_v the_o reason_n they_o have_v not_o a_o court._n and_o three_o the_o chief_a reason_n wherefore_o i_o take_v it_o that_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n have_v a_o court_n be_v because_o the_o commission_n of_o sewer_n be_v a_o member_n of_o the_o ancient_a and_o renown_a court_n of_o oyer_n and_o terminer_n which_o be_v and_o be_v a_o court_n of_o great_a esteem_n power_n and_o authority_n and_o so_o it_o be_v needless_a to_o erect_v a_o new_a court_n in_o this_o case_n as_o it_o be_v needful_a to_o erect_v and_o find_v the_o court_n of_o ward_n and_o first_o fruit_n the_o first_o will_v else_o have_v remain_v in_o the_o chancery_n to_o the_o which_o primary_o it_o do_v belong_v and_o the_o other_o be_v a_o new_a revenue_n and_o want_v a_o court_n to_o direct_v or_o
matter_n do_v contain_v in_o it_o these_o word_n viz._n that_o if_o any_o person_n or_o person_n of_o what_o estate_n or_o degree_n soever_o he_o or_o they_o be_v of_o that_o from_o henceforth_o do_v take_v upon_o he_o or_o they_o to_o sit_v by_o virtue_n of_o the_o say_a commission_n not_o be_v first_o swear_v according_a to_o the_o tenor_n of_o the_o oath_n express_v in_o the_o statute_n or_o if_o any_o person_n so_o name_v and_o swear_v do_v sit_v not_o have_v land_n tenement_n or_o other_o hereditament_n in_o fee-simple_n fee_n tail_n or_o for_o term_n of_o life_n to_o the_o clear_a yearly_a value_n of_o forty_o mark_n above_o all_o charge_n to_o his_o own_o use_n except_o he_o be_v resciant_fw-la and_o free_a of_o any_o city_n borough_n or_o town_n corporate_a have_v movable_a substance_n of_o the_o clear_a value_n of_o one_o hundred_o pound_n or_o else_o be_v learn_v in_o the_o law_n of_o this_o realm_n in_o and_o concern_v the_o same_o that_o be_v to_o say_v admit_v in_o one_o of_o the_o principal_a inn_n of_o court_n for_o a_o utter_a barrister_n shall_v forfeit_v forty_o pound_n for_o every_o time_n that_o he_o shall_v attempt_v so_o to_o do_v the_o one_o moiety_n to_o the_o king_n the_o other_o moiety_n to_o the_o party_n that_o will_v sue_v therefore_o etc._n etc._n so_o that_o by_o this_o clause_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o every_o one_o that_o be_v not_o qualify_v in_o one_o of_o these_o degree_n be_v no_o competent_a commissioner_n within_o this_o statute_n first_o that_o he_o be_v a_o utter_a barrister_n in_o one_o of_o the_o four_o inn_n of_o court_n second_o or_o have_v land_n tenement_n or_o hereditament_n of_o the_o clear_a yearly_a value_n of_o forty_o mark_n above_o all_o charge_n in_o fee_n simple_a fee_n tail_n or_o for_o life_n three_o or_o be_v free_a or_o resciant_fw-la in_o some_o city_n borough_n or_o town_n corporate_a and_o have_v movable_a substance_n of_o the_o clear_a value_n of_o one_o hundred_o pound_n and_o that_o person_n which_o be_v not_o within_o one_o of_o the_o say_v three_o part_n and_o yet_o do_v take_v upon_o he_o to_o sit_v in_o the_o execution_n of_o this_o commission_n incur_v two_o penalty_n the_o one_o the_o forfeiture_n of_o his_o discretion_n for_o his_o presumption_n the_o other_o of_o forty_o pound_n for_o his_o contempt_n and_o therefore_o for_o the_o more_o clear_a examination_n of_o these_o thing_n i_o will_v observe_v that_o method_n in_o my_o argument_n which_o my_o case_n have_v former_o prescribe_v to_o i_o and_o first_o of_o all_o i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o the_o personal_a ability_n and_o first_o of_o the_o son_n of_o the_o free_a citizen_n of_o lincoln_n i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o every_o commissioner_n of_o this_o kind_n must_v be_v endow_v with_o these_o three_o quality_n first_o he_o must_v be_v free_a of_o a_o city_n etc._n etc._n if_o he_o want_v any_o of_o these_o than_o he_o be_v out_o of_o this_o branch_n of_o this_o statute_n second_o he_o must_v be_v there_o resciant_fw-la and_o three_o he_o must_v have_v in_o clear_a movable_a substance_n one_o hundred_o pound_n and_o therefore_o what_o person_n be_v such_o a_o freeman_n be_v now_o to_o be_v handle_v i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o every_o subject_a bear_v within_o the_o king_n dominion_n be_v a_o freeman_n of_o this_o realm_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o grand_a charter_n cap._n 14._o yea_o though_o he_o be_v a_o bondslave_n to_o a_o subject_a but_o a_o stranger_n bear_v be_v no_o freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n till_o the_o king_n have_v make_v he_o denizen_n in_o who_o power_n alone_o without_o the_o help_n of_o any_o other_o one_o may_v be_v make_v free_a and_o to_o be_v a_o freeman_n of_o the_o realm_n the_o place_n of_o his_o birth_n be_v hold_v more_o material_a than_o the_o quality_n of_o his_o parent_n for_o if_o alien_n have_v a_o child_n in_o england_n it_o be_v free_a of_o the_o kingdom_n yet_o by_o the_o opinion_n of_o hussey_n chief_a justice_n in_o 1_o r._n 3._o fol._n 4._o and_o in_o calvin_n case_n of_o the_o post_n nati_n it_o be_v hold_v for_o law_n that_o if_o ambassador_n of_o this_o realm_n have_v child_n bear_v in_o france_n or_o elsewhere_o where_o the_o father_n and_o mother_n be_v natural_a bear_v subject_n the_o child_n be_v free_a of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n but_o if_o either_o the_o father_n or_o the_o mother_n of_o such_o child_n be_v a_o alien_n then_o be_v not_o those_o child_n free_a one_o out_o of_o the_o king_n protection_n be_v as_o i_o take_v it_o for_o that_o time_n no_o freeman_n of_o the_o realm_n but_o in_o what_o case_n a_o man_n exile_v be_v in_o sort_v the_o near_a to_o our_o question_n exile_n be_v one_o of_o the_o eight_o punishment_n which_o the_o roman_a law_n do_v inflict_v upon_o stranger_n which_o be_v videlicet_fw-la 1._o damnum_fw-la 2._o imprisonamentum_fw-la 3._o plagae_fw-la 4._o compensatio_fw-la 5._o ignominia_fw-la 6._o exilium_fw-la 7._o servitudo_fw-la 8._o mors._n mr._n bracton_n do_v in_o this_o manner_n describe_v exile_n that_o be_v certi_fw-la loci_fw-la interdictio_fw-la and_o do_v distribute_v it_o into_o four_o head_n that_o be_v to_o say_v 1._o specialis_fw-la hoc_fw-la est_fw-la interdictio_fw-la talis_fw-la provinciae_fw-la civitatis_fw-la burgi_n aut_fw-la villae_fw-la 2._o generalie_n interdictio_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la &_o aliquando_fw-la est_fw-la 3._o temporaria_fw-la pro_fw-la duobus_fw-la tribus_fw-la quatuor_fw-la aut_fw-la pluribus_fw-la annis_fw-la aut_fw-la etc._n etc._n 4._o perpetua_fw-la pro_fw-la termino_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la &_o exilium_fw-la est_fw-la aliquando_fw-la ex_fw-la arbitrio_fw-la principis_fw-la sicut_fw-la in_o exiliando_fw-la deuce_n hertferdiae_fw-la &_o norfolciae_fw-la per_fw-la regem_fw-la richardum_fw-la secundum_fw-la et_fw-la aliquando_fw-la per_fw-la judicium_fw-la terra_fw-la ut_fw-la sit_fw-la in_o casu_fw-la piers_n de_fw-fr gaveston_n &_o etiam_fw-la in_o casu_fw-la hugonis_fw-la de_fw-fr le_fw-fr spencer_n junioris_fw-la qui_fw-la ambo_fw-la fuorunt_fw-la exilit_fw-la '_o per_fw-la judicium_fw-la in_o parliamento_fw-la abjuration_n also_o be_v a_o legal_a exile_n by_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o common_a law_n as_o also_o by_o the_o statute_n law_n and_o in_o the_o statute_n of_o westminster_n the_o second_o cap._n 35._o he_o which_o ravish_v a_o ward_n and_o can_v render_v the_o ward_n unmarried_a or_o the_o value_n of_o his_o marriage_n must_v abjure_v the_o realm_n and_o this_o be_v a_o general_a abjuration_n and_o by_o a_o statute_n make_v in_o 31_o ed._n 1._o 1._o 31_o ed._n 1._o butcher_n be_v to_o be_v abjure_v the_o town_n if_o they_o offend_v the_o four_o time_n in_o sell_v measled_a flesh_n and_o this_o be_v a_o special_a abjuration_n but_o i_o must_v put_v this_o case_n to_o a_o further_a question_n which_o be_v what_o a_o man_n exile_v do_v forfeit_n thereby_o and_o in_o my_o opinion_n he_o forfeit_v these_o thing_n follow_v first_o he_o lose_v thereby_o the_o freedom_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o nation_n out_o of_o which_o he_o be_v exile_v second_o he_o forfeit_v his_o freedom_n in_o the_o borough_n or_o city_n where_o he_o be_v free_a for_o he_o which_o forfeit_v the_o freedom_n of_o the_o whole_a realm_n by_o consequence_n forfeit_v his_o freedom_n in_o every_o part_n thereof_o three_o he_o be_v of_o as_o little_a esteem_n in_o our_o law_n as_o if_o he_o be_v dead_a for_o his_o heir_n may_v enter_v and_o so_o may_v his_o wife_n enter_v into_o she_o own_o land_n and_o may_v sue_v a_o action_n as_o a_o woman_n sole_a by_o 31_o ed._n 1._o &_o 1_o h._n 4._o 1._o 31_o ed._n 1._o 1_o h._n 4._o 1._o and_o fourthly_a in_o my_o opinion_n he_o shall_v forfeit_v those_o land_n to_o the_o king_n which_o he_o shall_v purchase_v in_o the_o realm_n during_o his_o banishment_n que_v vide_fw-la 15_o ed._n 3._o fitz._n petition_v '_o plac_n 2._o but_o there_o in_o that_o case_n hugh_n spencer_n be_v banish_v by_o a_o judgement_n in_o parliament_n which_o give_v a_o forfeiture_n of_o his_o land_n howsoever_o i_o take_v he_o as_o strong_o bar_v from_o purchase_v in_o the_o realm_n during_o his_o banishment_n as_o a_o alien_n be_v for_o fit_a alienigina_fw-la by_o his_o banishment_n and_o he_o be_v in_o a_o worse_a case_n than_o a_o alien_n because_o he_o take_v with_o he_o indignatio_fw-la principis_fw-la but_o a_o banish_a man_n forfeit_v neither_o title_n of_o honour_n as_o knighthood_n which_o be_v de_fw-fr jure_fw-la gentium_fw-la nor_o the_o land_n he_o have_v before_o he_o be_v exile_v unless_o by_o special_a judgement_n give_v in_o a_o legal_a course_n they_o be_v so_o decree_v then_o our_o case_n go_v further_a that_o e._n be_v not_o exile_v himself_o but_o d._n his_o father_n be_v exile_v who_o heir_n e._n be_v now_o whether_o by_o the_o exilement_n of_o the_o father_n the_o liberty_n and_o freedom_n which_o e._n might_n claim_v in_o the_o city_n of_o lincoln_n by_o be_v the_o son_n and_o heir_n
be_v always_o before_o cover_v with_o water_n but_o shore_n and_o such_o ground_n which_o alternis_fw-la vicibus_fw-la be_v wet_a and_o dry_a be_v not_o account_v relinquish_v ground_n and_o that_o relinquish_v ground_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n but_o the_o shore_n and_o casual_a drown_a ground_n may_v belong_v to_o a_o subject_n the_o personal_a profit_n of_o the_o sea_n do_v consist_v in_o wreck_n flotsan_n jetfan_n ligan_n and_o great_a fish_n which_o be_v due_a to_o the_o king_n by_o the_o royal_a prerogative_n of_o his_o crown_n but_o subject_n may_v have_v the_o inheritance_n of_o the_o first_o four_o by_o prescription_n and_o of_o the_o last_o by_o charter_n from_o the_o king_n then_o i_o descend_v into_o island_n which_o be_v of_o two_o sort_n first_o on_o the_o sea_n old_a one_o and_o new_a one_o that_o both_o be_v within_o the_o king_n power_n and_o the_o new_a one_o he_o in_o property_n fresh_a island_n in_o the_o land_n may_v belong_v to_o subject_n the_o nature_n of_o they_o all_o be_v that_o they_o be_v undique_fw-la circumdatae_fw-la aquis_fw-la i_o then_o land_v at_o the_o shore_n which_o in_o definition_n contain_v those_o ground_n which_o extend_v from_o the_o low_a ebb_n to_o the_o high_a flood_n that_o the_o king_n have_v the_o property_n thereof_o de_fw-la jure_fw-la a_o subject_n may_v have_v it_o ex_fw-la perquisito_fw-la and_o the_o people_n have_v their_o usum_fw-la necessarium_fw-la i_o proceed_v further_o to_o the_o coast_n who_o content_a and_o contingent_a i_o describe_v so_o near_o as_o by_o history_n i_o can_v inform_v myself_o and_o shore_n and_o coast_n i_o hold_v they_o to_o be_v maris_fw-la accessoria_fw-la from_o these_o i_o proceed_v to_o creek_n havens_n and_o port_n and_o these_o i_o set_v forth_o in_o their_o several_a kind_n and_o i_o conclude_v with_o the_o compass_n of_o my_o statute_n and_o my_o commission_n and_o with_o the_o diversity_n thereof_o that_o within_o the_o circle_n of_o my_o statute_n sea_n iss_n shores_n coast_n port_n havens_n creek_n gain_v and_o relinquish_v ground_n be_v comprehend_v because_o that_o may_v depend_v in_o posse_fw-la but_o yet_o the_o commissioner_n which_o be_v in_o presenti_fw-la operative_a do_v extend_v but_o to_o the_o utmost_a bank_n and_o wall_n towards_o the_o sea_n and_o i_o conclude_v the_o point_n of_o my_o case_n with_o the_o difference_n between_o ground_n leave_v and_o ground_n gain_v from_o the_o sea_n and_o thus_o i_o end_v my_o first_o lecture_n the_o second_o lecture_n in_o my_o second_o lecture_n i_o come_v on_o land_n and_o take_v upon_o i_o to_o set_v forth_o her_o friend_n from_o her_o foe_n her_o friend_n i_o count_v such_o as_o have_v defend_v she_o from_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o from_o inundation_n of_o salt_n water_n and_o these_o be_v her_o friend_n viz._n bank_n sewer_n goat_n calceys_n and_o bridges_n these_o be_v to_o be_v maintain_v and_o repair_v and_o be_v the_o defence_n which_o i_o full_o treat_v of_o and_o these_o be_v the_o enemy_n stream_n mill_n pond_n fishgarth_n mildam_n lock_n hebbingwere_n heck_n and_o floodgate_n these_o be_v let_n and_o impediment_n which_o this_o statute_n speak_v of_o and_o be_v to_o be_v correct_v reform_a or_o put_v down_o as_o cause_n shall_v require_v i_o show_v then_o that_o river_n be_v of_o two_o kind_n royal_a and_o common_a river_n that_o there_o be_v other_o inferior_a kind_n of_o those_o watery_a instrument_n which_o may_v take_v place_n after_o river_n as_o ditch_n gutter_n sewer_n pool_n pond_n spring_n that_o water_n be_v the_o substantive_a of_o all_o these_o and_o if_o it_o be_v a_o run_a water_n at_o random_n than_o it_o be_v a_o stream_n if_o it_o be_v a_o run_a water_n and_o pen_v within_o wall_n or_o bank_n than_o it_o be_v a_o river_n gutter_n ditch_n or_o sewer_n these_o in_o their_o several_a kind_n i_o do_v distinguish_v and_o spring_v i_o hold_v to_o be_v the_o vital_a spirit_n of_o they_o all_o i_o then_o describe_v the_o commissioner_n manner_n of_o proceed_n which_o may_v be_v three_o manner_n of_o way_n by_o view_n and_o survey_v and_o wherein_o they_o consist_v by_o jury_n and_o on_o what_o part_n that_o stand_v by_o discretion_n and_o the_o diversity_n and_o definition_n thereof_o after_o these_o i_o take_v upon_o i_o by_o how_o many_o several_a way_n the_o defence_n may_v be_v maintain_v which_o be_v nine_o in_o in_o number_n 1._o frontage_n 2._o ownership_n 3._o prescription_n 4._o custom_n 5._o tenure_n 6._o covenant_n 7._o usus_fw-la rei_fw-la 8._o a_o township_n and_o 9_o by_o the_o law_n of_o sewer_n all_o these_o i_o prove_v by_o reason_n precedent_n and_o authority_n and_o do_v at_o large_a discourse_n of_o they_o then_o i_o come_v by_o the_o course_n of_o this_o case_n to_o treat_v of_o sess_v tax_n and_o lay_v set_v by_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n whereby_o i_o find_v some_o inheritance_n there_o be_v which_o be_v subject_a to_o these_o sess_v as_o those_o that_o follow_v house_n land_n meadow_n pasture_n wood_n heath_n fur_n moor_n marsh_n rent_n ferries_n pischaries_n commons_o free_a passage_n park_n warrens_n and_o many_o inheritance_n i_o find_v in_o reason_n free_v from_o these_o tax_n and_o lay_n as_o tithe_n in_o spiritual_a hand_n annuity_n chase_n pension_n proxy_n portion_n mart_n fair_n market_n office_n thing_n in_o action_n condition_n contingent_n uses_n presentation_n foundership_n i_o also_o find_v these_o sess_v of_o three_o kind_n viz._n customary_a and_o then_o they_o may_v bind_v the_o mountain_n as_o well_o as_o the_o valley_n hereditary_a and_o then_o the_o particular_a tenant_n and_o the_o reversion_n must_v both_o contribute_v temporary_a which_o bind_v the_o possessor_n and_o here_o i_o end_v my_o second_o day_n lecture_n the_o three_o lecture_n my_o three_o lecture_n i_o do_v distribute_v into_o three_o general_a head_n which_o be_v mere_o the_o ground_n of_o the_o execution_n of_o these_o law_n which_o consist_v either_o in_o punish_v the_o body_n and_o person_n of_o the_o delinquent_n with_o 1._o imprisonment_n 2._o fine_a and_o 3._o amerciament_n or_o in_o do_v execution_n upon_o the_o offender_n estate_n 1._o by_o distress_n or_o 2._o by_o sale_n thereof_o or_o otherwise_o in_o extend_v it_o upon_o a_o man_n personal_a estate_n by_o 1._o charge_v of_o the_o land_n perpetual_o or_o 2._o by_o the_o absolute_a sale_n thereof_o and_o under_o these_o general_a rule_n i_o comprise_v these_o particular_n which_o follow_v first_o for_o the_o honour_n of_o this_o commission_n and_o for_o the_o more_o necessary_a execution_n of_o these_o law_n i_o find_v they_o out_o a_o court_n wherein_o i_o set_v forth_o in_o what_o case_n commissioner_n may_v imprison_v the_o body_n of_o delinquent_n and_o in_o what_o case_n they_o may_v impose_v a_o fine_a and_o when_o amerciament_n be_v due_a and_o then_o i_o show_v that_o for_o some_o transgression_n neither_o imprisonment_n fine_a nor_o amerciament_n be_v to_o be_v impose_v i_o than_o come_v to_o distress_n and_o hold_v a_o treble_a distinction_n of_o they_o videlicet_fw-la that_o some_o be_v 1._o judicial_a and_o issue_v out_o of_o the_o judicial_a record_n of_o this_o court_n 2._o other_o ministerial_a 3._o the_o three_o legal_a wherein_o all_o these_o diversity_n i_o screw_v out_o by_o prove_v authority_n then_o i_o show_v in_o what_o place_n these_o distress_n may_v be_v take_v when_o upon_o the_o land_n charge_v when_o within_o any_o place_n within_o the_o extent_n of_o this_o commission_n and_o sometime_o within_o any_o place_n of_o this_o realm_n and_o when_o the_o proper_a good_n of_o the_o party_n may_v be_v take_v and_o when_o the_o good_n of_o stranger_n and_o when_o good_n may_v be_v sell_v by_o this_o law_n afterward_o according_a to_o the_o order_n prescribe_v i_o by_o my_o case_n i_o declare_v that_o there_o be_v some_o interrupter_n to_o the_o execution_n of_o these_o distress_n the_o one_o be_v by_o sue_v replevin_n wherein_o i_o take_v these_o diversity_n that_o a_o sheriff_n be_v a_o inferior_a officer_n can_v not_o of_o his_o own_o power_n deliver_v a_o distress_n take_v by_o warrant_n of_o sewer_n but_o that_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n be_v bind_v to_o obey_v a_o replevin_n come_v out_o of_o the_o king_n court_n at_o westminster_n quia_fw-la de_fw-la altiori_fw-la natura_fw-la thus_o yet_o notwithstanding_o good_n take_v by_o a_o judgement_n be_v exempt_v from_o that_o replevin_n then_o i_o proceed_v to_o the_o charge_n of_o land_n whether_o a_o perpetual_a charge_n may_v be_v impose_v or_o not_o and_o from_o thence_o i_o come_v to_o sales_n and_o those_o i_o distribute_v into_o four_o point_n first_o for_o what_o cause_n 2._o what_o land_n 3._o who_o land_n 4._o to_o who_o these_o land_n may_v be_v sell_v i_o after_o come_v into_o the_o tractate_n of_o legal_a proceed_n which_o may_v be_v use_v in_o our_o court_n of_o
&_o the_o charge_n for_o the_o erect_n &_o maintain_v of_o the_o new_a one_o be_v to_o be_v lay_v on_o the_o level_n so_o that_o it_o behove_v commissioner_n to_o be_v careful_a in_o these_o affair_n else_o thing_n in_o the_o conclusion_n may_v fall_v out_o contrary_a to_o their_o expectation_n for_o it_o be_v well_o say_v that_o rerum_fw-la progressus_fw-la ostendunt_fw-la multa_fw-la quae_fw-la in_o initio_fw-la nec_fw-la praecaveri_fw-la aut_fw-la praevideri_fw-la possunt_fw-la in_o make_v new_a law_n and_o ordinanes_n these_o thing_n be_v also_o considerable_a first_o what_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o law_n be_v which_o be_v to_o be_v enact_v second_o when_o the_o matter_n be_v know_v then_o to_o weigh_v it_o well_o whether_o if_o it_o be_v make_v if_o then_o it_o will_v prove_v necessary_a and_o behooveful_a for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o people_n and_o this_o necessary_a point_n be_v to_o be_v scan_v by_o the_o counsel_n and_o advise_v of_o the_o most_o discreet_a and_o experience_a person_n and_o of_o the_o best_a try_a judgement_n in_o matter_n of_o this_o native_a and_o three_o to_o consider_v what_o charge_n the_o work_n will_v cost_v for_o the_o which_o this_o law_n must_v be_v make_v for_o in_o scripture_n he_o be_v not_o count_v sapient_a that_o before_o he_o build_v a_o house_n will_v not_o first_o count_v the_o charge_n of_o it_o and_o fourthly_a what_o person_n must_v bear_v this_o charge_n lest_o it_o prove_v too_o burdensome_a and_o this_o must_v be_v direct_v by_o the_o ability_n of_o the_o people_n which_o be_v to_o be_v charge_v and_o by_o the_o the_o safety_n and_o commodity_n they_o be_v to_o have_v by_o the_o work_n i_o observe_v also_o that_o this_o statute_n use_v three_o word_n which_o be_v all_o powerful_a in_o signification_n and_o operation_n videlicet_fw-la law_n ordinance_n and_o decree_n and_o i_o think_v it_o fit_v for_o i_o so_o near_o as_o i_o can_v both_o to_o deliver_v the_o definition_n of_o they_o and_o the_o difference_n between_o they_o a_o law_n a_o law_n be_v proper_o a_o matter_n which_o have_v take_v his_o essence_n and_o power_n by_o a_o custom_n time_n out_o of_o memory_n as_o the_o common_a law_n have_v do_v or_o else_o be_v a_o matter_n act_v and_o enact_v in_o parliament_n by_o the_o king_n and_o the_o great_a counsel_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o by_o the_o authority_n thereof_o for_o the_o order_n of_o man_n body_n land_n and_o good_n and_o such_o a_o law_n be_v hereby_o intend_a because_o the_o law_n which_o the_o commissioner_n shall_v make_v have_v the_o power_n of_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n to_o strengthen_v and_o assist_v they_o and_o they_o be_v to_o receive_v life_n and_o perfection_n from_o this_o statute_n i_o read_v on_o ordinance_n a_o ordinance_n be_v a_o word_n have_v a_o more_o private_a and_o less_o powerful_a signification_n than_o the_o word_n law_n have_v for_o it_o be_v a_o law_n but_o of_o a_o secundary_a power_n enact_v by_o a_o corporation_n company_n or_o commission_n proceed_v mere_o out_o of_o the_o power_n and_o prerogative_n of_o the_o king_n by_o charter_n grant_v or_o commission_n warrant_v the_o same_o as_o those_o corporation_n society_n and_o company_n which_o have_v power_n by_o charter_n or_o patent_n to_o make_v the_o same_o as_o be_v set_v forth_o in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o city_n of_o london_n and_o of_o the_o chamberlain_n of_o london_n case_n in_o sir_n edward_n cook_n report_v also_o ordinance_n may_v be_v make_v by_o the_o power_n of_o a_o court_n as_o in_o a_o court_n baron_n to_o make_v order_n or_o by_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o a_o town_n by_o custom_n for_o the_o order_n of_o their_o commons_o repair_v of_o their_o church_n and_o highway_n and_o these_o be_v more_o proper_o by-law_n than_o law_n for_o a_o law_n be_v either_o the_o common_a law_n customary_a law_n or_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n all_o which_o be_v of_o great_a force_n than_o any_o law_n make_v by_o these_o secundary_a mean_n which_o of_o themselves_o be_v of_o little_a or_o no_o strength_n but_o as_o they_o be_v assist_v by_o other_o primary_n power_n decree_n a_o decree_n be_v neither_o a_o law_n nor_o ordinance_n in_o proper_a definition_n but_o be_v only_o a_o sentence_n or_o judgement_n in_o a_o court_n of_o justice_n deliver_v or_o declare_v by_o the_o judge_n there_o by_o and_o through_o the_o power_n &_o strength_n of_o a_o general_a former_a law_n for_o decretum_fw-la est_fw-la sententia_fw-la lata_fw-la super_fw-la legem_fw-la so_o that_o a_o law_n be_v a_o general_a direction_n for_o a_o multitude_n a_o ordinance_n be_v a_o subordinate_a direction_n proceed_v out_o of_o a_o more_o general_a power_n and_o a_o decree_n be_v a_o sentence_n deliver_v for_o or_o against_o a_o particular_a person_n ground_v upon_o the_o say_a law_n and_o ordinance_n continuance_n of_o law_n it_o come_v now_o fit_o for_o i_o in_o turn_n and_o course_n to_o declare_v the_o continuance_n of_o these_o law_n ordinance_n and_o decree_n for_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o some_o of_o they_o be_v but_o temporary_a though_o other_o perpetual_a the_o word_n in_o our_o statute_n be_v that_o every_o statute_n and_o ordinance_n make_v before_o the_o statute_n of_o 23_o h._n 8._o concern_v the_o thing_n and_o matter_n therein_o mention_v as_o well_o in_o the_o time_n of_o h._n 8._o as_o of_o any_o of_o his_o progenitor_n not_o be_v contrary_a to_o this_o statute_n or_o heretofore_o repeal_v shall_v stand_v in_o force_n for_o ever_o and_o be_v command_v to_o be_v put_v in_o due_a execution_n but_o this_o clause_n be_v intend_v of_o all_o act_n of_o parliament_n make_v touch_v the_o sewer_n and_o be_v not_o intend_v or_o mean_v of_o law_n and_o ordinance_n make_v by_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n themselves_o law_n and_o decree_n make_v for_o sale_n of_o land_n by_o the_o power_n and_o authority_n of_o this_o statute_n be_v to_o be_v make_v and_o ingross_v into_o parchment_n and_o certify_v under_o the_o seal_n of_o the_o commissioner_n into_o the_o chancery_n and_o the_o king_n royal_a assent_n have_v thereto_o under_o the_o privy_a seal_n shall_v also_o stand_v good_a and_o effectual_a and_o all_o law_n and_o ordinance_n write_v in_o parchment_n and_o indent_a and_o under_o the_o seal_n of_o the_o commissioner_n whereof_o the_o one_o part_n shall_v remain_v with_o the_o clerk_n of_o the_o sewer_n and_o the_o other_o part_n to_o remain_v in_o such_o place_n as_o the_o commissioner_n shall_v appoint_v notwithstanding_o the_o same_o be_v not_o certify_v into_o the_o chancery_n nor_o the_o king_n royal_a assent_n be_v have_v thereto_o shall_v continue_v in_o force_n till_o the_o same_o shall_v be_v alter_v 9_o 13_o eliz._n cap._n 9_o repeal_v or_o make_v void_a by_o another_o commission_n of_o sewer_n although_o the_o former_a commission_n by_o the_o which_o these_o law_n be_v make_v be_v determine_v by_o supersedeas_fw-la the_o commission_n be_v to_o continue_v for_o ten_o year_n from_o the_o date_n thereof_o by_o force_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o 13_o eliz._n yet_o notwithstanding_o el._n 13_o el._n all_o law_n and_o ordinance_n which_o be_v write_v in_o parchment_n indent_a and_o seal_v by_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n without_o certify_v into_o the_o chancery_n or_o the_o king_n royal_a assent_n have_v thereto_o shall_v notwithstanding_o the_o determination_n of_o the_o commission_n by_o the_o expiration_n of_o the_o say_v ten_o year_n continue_v in_o force_n for_o one_o whole_a year_n next_o ensue_a to_o be_v put_v in_o execution_n for_o that_o time_n by_o six_o justice_n of_o the_o peace_n whereof_o two_o to_o be_v of_o the_o quorum_fw-la but_o then_o the_o power_n of_o the_o justice_n of_o the_o peace_n be_v cease_v by_o the_o corn_v of_o a_o new_a commission_n of_o sewer_n all_o other_o law_n and_o ordinnce_n of_o sewer_n which_o be_v but_o make_v and_o write_v in_o paper_n or_o which_o be_v but_o in_o parchment_n and_o not_o indent_v or_o which_o be_v indent_v also_o if_o not_o seal_v continue_v in_o force_n no_o long_o than_o that_o commission_n continue_v by_o the_o power_n whereof_o they_o be_v make_v and_o so_o by_o this_o short_a declaration_n i_o have_v make_v the_o commissioner_n may_v the_o better_o observe_v how_o long_a time_n law_n and_o ordinance_n of_o sewer_n be_v to_o continue_v in_o force_n yet_o though_o they_o lose_v their_o vigour_n they_o may_v notwithstanding_o be_v revive_v by_o the_o power_n of_o a_o new_a commission_n or_o remain_v for_o precedent_n for_o after_o age_n to_o imitate_v repeal_n of_o law_n in_o this_o last_o place_n i_o intend_v to_o deliver_v my_o opinion_n what_o law_n ordinance_n and_o decree_n may_v be_v repeal_v alter_v or_o make_v void_a by_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n therefore_o it_o be_v first_o to_o be_v consider_v what_o ground_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v in_o repeal_n or_o