not the trewe distaunce of them Philon. I cōfesse no lesse for if you haue not th' Angles of sighte from ij places you can not gather the distaunce of the thirde Therfore when as you haue placed in the Paper all the Townes Uillages or notable hils that you can se in that Horizont you shall take your instrument and Paper trauelinge vnto some other town where in like manner you shall go vp into the hiest place of the same and there placinge your instrumente as before obserue th' Angles of sight of such Townes Villagies as are in that Horizont Whiche ended you shall describe in the Paper an other circle as before as farre distaunte frō th' other as you thinke conueniente marking diligentlye that the Center of the second Circle be in the line of sighte drawne from the Center of the firste Circle it beinge also deuided into 360. partes drawing such Angles of sight as you can finde And so procede frō place to place vntil euery Towne or Uillage haue come twise in your sight And where that anye line of the seconde Circle Crosseth the like line in the firste Circle make there a Sterre or like marke for that thirde place so call I the towne obserued twise so in like manner you shall do with other places vntil you haue drawn the hole region you desire Spoud Than it is expediente for me to obserue the Angle of sighte of euerye Towne from ij seueral places so shall I finde oute the distaunce of one of them from an other or of the thirde frō thē both as it must be placed in the Card. Phil. Yea and not only in the Card but that being knowen you shall easely finde out the distaunce in miles of one of them from an other Spou. That semeth very meruelous seyng that you haue not theyr Longitudes Latitudes Phil. Yet the worke is right easie as I doubte not but you will confesse for knowing the distaunce in miles of anye Townes or Uillagies you shall knowe the true distaunce of all the Townes in an Region one from an other as for example Swarston in Norfolk is from Norwich iij. miles I deuide as you se the line drawne from Norwiche to it with my compasse in three equall parts after applye my compasse to the line drawne frō Norwich to Windham from Windham to Swarston find vi miles betwixt Norwich and Windham and. iiij ▪ miles from Windā to Swarston Spo. By this way I can finde out the distaūce of two townes nie together by that to finde out the distaūce of all townes in à Carde Phi. I do greatly commend you and you may also make à scale or ruler conteininge in it the quantitye of miles from one to an hundreth if you please and by this menes you may take with your compasse the distance of ij places then apply the compasse to the foresaide scale or ruler you shall finde the perfaite distance And nowe sence I haue fulfilled your mind for the chief principall matters belōging to Cosmographie Geographie I will at this present returne to my lodginge againe Spou. Whan shall it be your pleasure that I shall repaire vnto you to be instructed in the Terestriall Globe because you saide that it do mooste aptlye represente the forme of th'Earthe Philo. Being required by certain of my frendes I do entend to make a longer more ample discourse therin then this place will permit And therfore will at thys time omit it As touching my fift booke you shall receiue it of me to morrow which day also for your furderaunce I entende to consume in teaching you necessarye principles for Hydrographie and Nauigation And therefore agayne fare you well THE FOVRTH BOOKE OF the Cosmographicall Glasse setting out such necessary principles rules as are to be obserued in Hydrographie Nauigation Spoudaeus THERE IS NOthing vnder the Globe of the mone conteined whiche vnto man beast euerye liuinge wite semeth more tedious more ickesome and long thē time when as they once fele the wante of that they moste desire Whiche sayinge to be true althoughe manye do confesse yet I aboue all other muste of force affirme remembringe your promesse touchinge th' Arte of Nauigation For sence your departure the greadye Greyhounde I assure you neuer more desired his pray nor the thirstye harte the flowynge fountaine or the languishinge sicke paciente the recouery of his health then my minde wanting her fode and Nutrimente thoughte longe wished and thirsted after youre presence and companye Phi. It is the proper nature of suche in whose mynde knoweledge haue once builded her Boure euer more more like à couetous mā to labour trauell after sciēce for ther is no other waies how to expel that foule vglie beast Ignorance out of the minde of mā to place knowledge in the same but by all possible meanes to imbrace Sciēce Cunning. Wherfore lest that your paine should with Tantalus increase I wil no lenger occupie the time with other kinde of talke but will begin somwhat to intreat of necessary thinges belōging to Na uigatiō for I do not intende to set out the differēs of one vessell frō an other as th'Argousie Hulke Ship Craer Pincke Pynice Gally or what so euer name they haue nor yet of theyr takling but wil leaue it to such as are Pi lotes masters of that facultie will shew thē à way how they shall both correcte their errours also guide direct their Uessels according t'Arte Science Spo. Thē first I pray you begin with the diuisiō of the water expoūding such names as they take of ther place Phi. That was my meaning first as touching the seas you shal note that it is diuersly called either according to the hole or els accordīg to the part Accordīg to the hole as the seas by this generall name Oceā because they circuit th' earth roūde about according to the partes as the seas breaking into the land making bāckes on either side is called Sinus takinge also the name of the place it floweth into as Sinus Adriaticus sinus Arabicus Sinus Indicus c. Also the great seas which diuideth Afrik Europe is called the midle erth sea taking that name because in the Weast of Spaine it breaketh into the middes of th' Earth The Redde seas where proud Pharo all his bende were drenched is not farre distante from the midde Earthe Seas for there is but à certayne hyll whiche they must nedes go ouer that go by land frō Egipte to Arabia Petrea that parketh them Also the Sodomiticall or dead Seas so called because that Sodōe other Cities were there burnt with fire coming from heauen is not farre from Iordane it is also called the dead sea because the water moueth not no not with most vehement tempestes because of the pitch in it nether cā any shippe saile or any fishe
165 19 158 12  89  86 30 168 9 161 2  90  87 0 170 23 163 15 91  87 30 173 13 166 4  92  88 0 176 2 168 16  93  88 30 178 16 171 6  94  89 0 181 5 173 19  95  89 30 183 19 176 9  96  90 0 186 7 178 22 Spou. Can they not in like maner draw paralleles from th'Aequinoctiall Southward as they do North yea geue them the same names of the Northe paralleles with the Greke proposition anti as thei do in climates Phi. Yes verely they so do vntill by their trauels they haue found out the Regiōs Ilands Hilles Riuers such notable things of which in like sort the south cli mates paralleles may take denomination As at this presēt ther ar South paralleles which are opposite to the North places foūd out of which they may veri aptly take name As the parallele opposite vnto the North parallele which goeth by the Canarian Ilands is drawne by the Riuer Nilus and Mons Lunae the Mount of the Moone The parallele opposite to that which is drawne by Syëne goeth by the Ilandes Mendacascar Peuta Necura the greater Iaua Candin and the kingdome of Coilum The parallele opposite to that whiche is drawne by Damascus goth by the promontory of good hope called promontorium bonae Spej The opposite parallele to that goeth ouer the Rhodes is described by th'Ilands Seilan Augama they are antipodes vnto Italy which dwell in Iaua the lesser The antipodes to the Lucitanians are those in the Isle of Seila There be also diuers other places towarde the south coast of which neither I haue heard of any credible person nor yet red therfore can not affirme any certeine trueth will omit it vntill an other ceason Spou. Yet or we procede further I must trouble you with one doubt that is gathered of the Arabian Phisician Auicenna who saieth that th'Aëre is of best temperature vnder th'equinoctiall they are more fre from infirmities of the body then we are whome you affirme to dwell in the North temperate zone For if the paralleles be of this nature that howe muche the nearer we are th'equinoctiall so muche the greater is the heate and howe muche the furder remoued from th'equinoctiall so muche the colder the qualitie of the aire is there must seme à manifest repugnancie betwixt Auicenne the Geographers Philo. I will answer you Auicenna meaneth not that the temperature of th'Aëre is in à meane neither vehement hote nor yet extreame could vnder th'Equinoctial for that were an euident errour but because the Sonne declineth not more then 23. digrees 28. minutes frō the verticall pointe therfore ther can be no cōtrary qualitie ingendred as horible could so that th'Aëre is not subiect to alteration contrary qualities as oures is that is the cause why Auicenna thought it most temperat hereto agreeth Hippocrates 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Mutationes temporum maximè pariunt morbos in ipsis temporibus magnae mutationes aut frigoris aut aestus aliaque congruenter ratione eodemmodo that is The mutation of times do chefely ingender sicknesse and in the same times great chaunge either of heate or colde or other qualities in like sorte Then seyng there is no mutation of qualitie of th' Aëre it is thought temperat And for that this place is iudged most temperate there be some that suppose Can Eden that is to say Paradise to be situated vnder th' Equinoctiall as à place of pleasure voluptiousnes voide of Alteration cōtrary qualities Yea Lira interpreting Genesis where Moses speaketh that Adam being expulsed from this place of pleasure ioye for breakyng the cōmaundement Cherubyn kepte it with à firie sword saith that the fiery sword is no other thinge then the burning zone And Polybius with Eratosthenes as Strabo witnesse doth affirme the temperatest dwelling to be vnder th' equinoctiall Spoud Seinge you have made mention of the place most excellent of other in the Earth for pleasure I pray you let me heare your minde concerning Hell the place of all other most horrible painfull as bothe Christians and Ethinckes do confesse Phil. I will not much of that thing speke but if Hell be in that place whiche is furdest from the heauen as paine grief is furdest from pleasure and ioye then it must nedes be in the center of th' Earih whiche is to saye that part that is in the mids of the same for that is of all other parts furdest from the heauen Whych is the cause that not onlye we but also the Poëts in their tragedies introduce persons comming out from vnder th' earth call that place Hell amonge other Senica introduceth Thyëstes coming out of hell in this maner speking Opaca linquens Ditis inferni loca Adsum profundo Tartari emissus Specu ▪ Leuing the darke places of infernall Pluto Sent out from Hell pitte depe here am I praesent lo. c. But we will leaue such curious questions and spend the day which so fast consumeth in more necessary talke for behold by my Astrolabe the sonne being in the xxj of Gemini is eleuated 54. degrees aboue the Horizōt with vs here in this plaine and therfore he will shortlye approch to the meridian line Spoud Then I muste earnestly require you to teach me some way how I may find him beinge in this line as also other starres for my authors make mentiō herof affirming also that it is one of the chefe things wherwyth to find out the Longitud and Latitude of places Philo. I will gladly keping not backe such waies as I also haue deuised to finde out th' aforsaid line And first I wil begin with th' inuention of Glarian to find this none stede line whiche is in thys manner In any leuell and plaine place with your compasse make à circle in what quātitye you please in the center of whiche you shall place a right Wyer directlye standing vp that it may geue a shadowe on the circle aforesaid Then mark the shadow which the sonne in hys rising going down in thy Horizōt giueth as for exāple A. Is the Wier reared right vp in the center of the Circle C. the East B. the West The longest shadow that the Sonne maketh aboue the Horizont is A. D Thē he ascending hier makes his shadow shorter A.E. the None steade or Meridian shadow whiche is shortest is A. F. and th' other shadowes G. A H. A. are in the like sort the shadows which the sōne casteth into the East after he is past the meridian circle descending into the West Spou. Shall it be necessary for to obserue the shadow of the thing erected as well th'after noone as I do from the sonnes risinge vntil noone Philo. No verely for whan the shadow doth no lenger decrese
Astronomer wryting of the reuolutiōs of the world Phi. Yes truely by that reason you shall make it an Astronomical Glasse also serue your vse profitablye therein Spoud I praye you geue me à table of the principall windes of whiche you haue hetherto made no mention also of the Planets signes vnder whome euery region Country is gouerned Phi. As touchinge the windes and there nombre because it requireth à longer time then now is offered you shall finde in the table of thē where we make mention of Nauigatiō but as for the Planets signes gouerning euery region because you haue not alway Ptolomaeus I will not refuse to make mentiō of it in this place adding furdermore vnto Ptolomaeus the names both of Regions and Cities which ether were not knowne of hym or els willingly omitted As in this Table you maye easelye perceiue cōferrīg it with that which is of him described Regions and Cities subiect to the signes Planets and first of those that be vnder Aries and Mars Basternia Syria Palestina England Fraunce Germany Burgundie Sweueland and of Cities wyth Townes Naples Ancona Ferrariae Florens Verona Capua Lindauia Cracouia c. Vnder Taurus and Uenus Parthia Media Cyprus the lesser Asia th'Ilandes named Cyclades Irelande Heluetia c. Of Cities and townes Bonony Tigure Lucerna Herbipolis Lipsia Posna c. Vnder Gemini and Mercurius Hircania Armenia Cyrene Marmarica the lower Aegipt à part of Lombardie and Flāders Brabant and of Cities and Townes London Louain Brigys Mence Hasford Norinberge c. Vnder Cancer and the Mone Numidia Africa Bithynia Carthage Phrigia Hollande Seland Scotland the kingdome of Granat ▪ c And of Cities Townes Constantinople Uenice pise Millan Treuers York S. Andrews Lubeck Vnder Leo and the sonne Italy Sicilie Apulie Boheme Phaenicia à part of Turkie Sabina c. And of Cities with townes Damascus Rome Confluence Rauenna Cremona Prage Under Uirgo and Mercurius Mesopotamia Babilon Assiria Grece Achaia Crete and of Cities and of townes Hierusalē Corinth Rhodes Papia Tolose Lions Paryce Heydelberge Basile Vnder Libra Uenus Bactriana Caspia Thebaida Aethiopia Lyuonia Austrige Oasis And of cities towns Caiëta Lauda Suessa Placentia Friburge Argentine Spiers Francford c. Vnder Scorpius and Mars Iudaea Cappadocia Getulia Mauritania Norway Cathalonia And of Cities and Townes Ualentia Padua Messana Aquileia c. Under Sagittarius Libra Spayne Arabia the happy Ungary Slauonia Celtica Misnia And of Cities Townes Tolet Collein Narbona Stutgardia Rotenburge Buda c. Vnder Capricornus Saturnus India Arriana Macedonia Thracia Grece Saxonye Hessia Orchney Ilands Machline Oxford Brā denburge Constantia Fauentia Augusta vindel c. Under Aquarius Saturne Arabie desert great Tartarie Denmark Segdiana Sarmatia of Cities Hamburge Brema Salisburge c. Under Pisces Iubiter Lydia Pāphylia Calabria Normandy Portugal Sicilie of cities townes Alexāder Hispalis Cōpostel Ratisbone Worms Sp. Ther now remaineth to speke of the describing à perticuler card for any regiō or coūtry without knowinge their lōgitudes latitudes Ph. That is well remēbred ther be diuers sōdri waies to performe this work of which I wil shew you but one that is by an instrumēt seruing properly to this vse But like as this waie is more easier then that whiche is performed by longitude Latitude may be put in practice at all times so in like condition the worcke is not so exacte and perfaite as by Longitudes and Latitudes whiche require longe and diligent obseruation Spou. In what form is th'instrumēt made by which so much vtilitie may spring as to describe by it a country Philonicus It is made muche like the backe parte of an Astrolabe conteininge in the circuite 360. degrees An Instrument seruinge th' vse to describe a coūtrey and hathe à ruler with two sightes whiche we moue to and fro as occasion is ministred vntill thorowe them we see the place desired But it differeth from an Astrolabe in that it hath à Diall with à Nedle fixed in it also that th' Instrument is diuided into two thirtie partes like as à Shipmans compasse As this figure before placed doth apparantly set out Spoudeus This Instrument is easye to be prouided yea that without great expence is not troublous in cariage but in what sorte may I by it describe à Country Philon. I will in fewe wordes make it to you euident With youre Instrumente you shall ascende on some hie towre Steaple or Mountayne so that you may on euery part se the townes Uillagies aboute you adiacent in your Horizont Then placing your Instrument which I name à Geographicall plaine Sphere Flat leuell tourninge it from one parte vnto an other vntil the nedle fall on the Meridian Line in thy Geographicall plaine Spheare then it remaininge stedfaste directe the ruler with hys two sightes vnto anye one place that you do see marke diligently th' Angle of sight Gemma Frisius calleth it Angulus positionis Spoude I praye you be not offended althoughe at thys presente I interrupte you and or you further procede shewe me what you call the Angle of sight Philonicus I am nothynge displeased but muche reioyse that you will not negligentlye suffer thinges to escape you vntill you be satisfied touchinge their true meaninge You shall note that the Angle of sighte is that Arke or portion of the Horizont of anye place comprehended betwixte two Meridiane Circles and drawne by the verticall Circle of the first place vnto the Meridian of the secōde whose distaunce you seke out Spou. Then you in this place call that Arke of the Horizont the Angle of sighte whiche is lesser then à perfait angle conteininge 90. degrees Phil. I do so for if it be 90. degrees the place is vnder the same Parallele of Latitude but yet differeth in Longitude therefore is directly East or West as also if there be no Angle of sighte it hathe the same Longitude meridiane Line is plaine North or South from you Spoud Then I pray you proceade with your precept you saye I shall take the Angles of sight of euerye place that I can see in the Horizont of my place where I begin my worke Phil. Yea verelye and then you shall make in some Paper à greate Circle deuide it into 360 partes as your Geographicall plaine Sphere is writinge the foure coastes of the countrey East South West North in your paper then draw right lines frō the Center of your circle whiche representeth your place where you take th' Angles of sight of other townes villagies adiacēt vnto suche Angles of sighte as you haue founde oute by your Geographicall plain Sphere Spou. But this shall litle as I cōiecture auayle yea althoughe I might haue th' Angles of sight of all the places in à Regiō from my place if I haue