a Bank whereon is two fathom betwixt the Head of Meyland and the same Bank men may run through in three sathom at half-flood under Calice-Cliff you may anchor in ten fathom but at the West end lyeth a Rock under water a Bow shot from the Land The Cliff The Cliff is the outer or westermost Bank and lyeth from Calice-Cliff N.N.E. about four leagues and a half and hath three fathom and a half water on it betwixt this and the Ruyting goeth a wide deep Channel of 23 and 24 fathom and lyeth in the Sea N. N. E. half easterly and S. S. W. half westerly and is in length almost three miles Ruyting The Ruyting is a Bank which lyeth from Calice-Cliff North-east by North about four leagues where you will have five or six fathom but on the South end is a Ridg of one fathom and a half this Sand lyeth in the Sea N. N. E. and S. S. W. in length almost seven miles when the South end of Winoxberg cometh betwixt the two flat Steeples to the westward of Dunkirk then are you thwart of the Ridg Also there standeth three or four Mills to the eastwards of Dunkirk when the outermost cometh ever the East end of the Town then the Steeple of Dunkirk shall bear from you South-east five leagues this is a good mark for the said Ridge This Saud is very dangerous because it lyeth in the Fair-way Dike The Dike is a Bank that lyeth from Calice-Cliff North-east nine miles the depth of water on it is four and five fathom upon the South and North end of this Bank are Ridges on the southermost is but one fathom and lyeth upon the Marks of Wynoxberge about North-west somewhat westerly from Dunkirk on the northermost there is about four fathom and two foot and lyeth N. W. from the Cloyster Tenduynen it lyeth in the Sea N. N. E. and S. S. W. in length four leagues and a half Rattle The Rattle is a Bank which lyeth from Calice-Cliff North-east by East and hath 3 4 and 5 fathom water on it on the South end is a Ridge where you have but one fathom at low-water at Spring-tydes these Ridges fall dry Between this and the Dike goeth a Channel of twelve fathom to the northward until you are against the Ridge hereof then you will have 9 4 7 and 17 fathom then are you clear of it Betwixt it and Broad-bank goeth a great Channel of 19 and 20 fathom in all the Channels betwixt the said Banks you may turn to windward from one Bank to another and anchor betwixt them where you will this Bank lyeth in the Sea N. N. E. and S. S. W. in length four leagues being about four and three quarters distant from Calice-Cliff Broad-Bank The South end hereof lyeth from Calice-Cliff N. E. by East three leagues three quarters and hath a Ridge on the South end where there is but half a fathom at low-water this Bank lyeth in the Sea North-east and South-west being in length five leagues on the S. W. end you have 5 7 and 8 fathom and on the N.E. end 1 1 and a half 2 2 and a half 3 4 and 5 fathom from the S. side which is convex runneth off a Spit E.N.E. 3 miles whereon is but 1 and a half and 2 fathom the N.E. end lyeth from Newport West by North 4 leagues and a quarter and from the Cloyster of Tenduynen North-west by North three leagues and a half When Graveling is South-East from you then are you thwart of the South end of the foresaid Banks and when Newport is South-east by East then are you thwart of the North end of them Splinter The Splinter is a Bank which runneth off from the wester Head of Dunkirk two leagues long which falleth dry at low-water in many places you may sayl behind this Bank by the shore from the westward almost to the westward Head of Dunkirk and there may anchor in 5 6 7 and 8 fathom about half a league from the westward Head there runneth a Channel through the foresaid Bank where small Ships may pass through at high-water the West end lyeth from Graveling N. N. W. four miles Quade-Bank or Brake The Quade-Bank runneth off to the eastwards of the Head of Dunkirk at least two leagues to the westward ending thwart the Heads of Dunkirk to the eastward of the easter Head you may anchor behind the Bank sheltered for a North-west a North and Northeast Winds you have two fathoms there at low-water but in the coming in it is shoaler before the Havens Mouth of Dunkirk is nine and ten fathom and to the westward of the wester Head 6 7 and 8 fathom from thence men may run over the small Bank in three fathom and come against the broad-Broad-bank North-Cames North-Cames is a Bank which lyeth near the North end of the Brakes and lyeth from Dunkirk N. N. E. about a league being in length two miles whereon you will have but two foot at low-water but on the East side 7 8 and 9 fathom Cames The Cames is a Bank whereon there are many Ridges which have but 2 fathom at low-water you may run through between the Land and this Bank in 8 9 10 fathom and may ride theâ—e for all winds it lyeth from Dunkirk North-east four miles and from the Sâ—â—â—es one mile brewers-Brewers-Bank The brewers-Brewers-Bank is triangular and lyeth thwart of the Cloyster Tenduynen W. N. W. from the shore about a league in the Sea when the said Cloyster lyeth South from you then are you at the innermost part hereof you may run through between the Land and this Bank in four fathom and low-water but men do run commonly about to the westwards of it when they sayl through within the Banks alongst the Coast of Flanders Small-Bank On Small-bank you have but two three and four fathom at low-water and lyeth without the Cames and Brewers-bank about a mile and half and from the shore a league it lyeth in the Sea North-east by East and South-west by West in length almost two leagues it lyeth from Dunkirk North. Stone-Bank When the Cloyster of Tenduynen beareth from you South-east then are you thwart of the Stone-Bank or the Ridge which is on the middle of it whereon there is but three foot at low-water and sometimes falleth dry at Neap-tydes this Bank lyeth from the shore about five miles and hath on the East side a Hook which lyeth to the eastwards running to nothing almost against Newport on it you have three fathom in the Channel between this and the Small-bank there is 7 8 and 9 fathom between the South-west end of this and the Broad-bank from which it is distant about a mile runneth also a Channel of 6 7 8 9 and 10 fathom Call-Bank Call-bank of some called Small-bank which lyeth alongst by or without the Stone-bank almost a league betwixt them is a Channel of 7 9 and 10 fathom without it you have a Channel of 8 10 12 and 14 fathom
this Bank lyeth in the Sea North-east by East about nine miles being very narrow on which you have five and fix fathom on the middle of it Southeast by East from the Haven of Newport lyeth a Ridge whereon there is scarce three foot at low-water being sometimes dry Ships that will go before Dunkirk and cannot get alongst by Flanders must run about without these Banks until they come against Broad-Bank and then run in alongst between it and the Stone-Bank in 5 6 7 8 9 and 10 fathom stroome-Stroome-Bank The stroome-Stroome-Bank lyeth before Newport about four miles from the shore whereon you have two and three fathom water within and without it you have 9 8 and 7 fathom and at each end 5 and 6 fathom The Mark for the South-west end of it Is to bring the Town of Suern South by East from you and so steer through between it and the stone-Stone-Bank in 5 and 6 fathom The Geer The Geer is a Bank that lyeth alongst the Land from Ostend to Dunkirk whereon there is but two fathom and two and a half between it and the Land goeth a Channel of 7 8 and 9 fathom from which it is distant about a mile boon-Boon-Land boon-Boon-Land is a Bank which lyeth East from Ostend about four miles distant whereon is but two and two fathom and a half at low-water between it and the Geer is a Channel of 5 7 and 8 fathom half a league from the North end hereof lyeth two or three small Banks whereon you have but two two and a half and three fathom Peerdemart and Hart-Sand Peerdemart and Hart-sand are Banks which joyn together lying alongst the Coast Peerdemart at the entrance into the Sluys the Hart-sand endeth about a league North-west from Ostend which is almost fix leagues and a half on these Sands there is but two two and a half and three fathom within it you have 3 4 and 5 fathom Inner-Bank Inner-Bank lyeth off Gad-sand a mile and half from the shore it lyeth South-west by West two leagues whereon there is but 1 and 1 fathom and a half when Nasson and the Castle of the Sluys are in one then are you thwart the middle of it when the Castle of the Sluys bears South then are you clear the East end and may steer your course for Flushing when the West Chappel and the Knock are both in one then are you clear of the South end on the inner side hereof lyeth the Channel called the Inner-Weelings and on the outside the Weelings Heist-Bank Ripthart-Sand and Utter-Bank The Heist Ripthart and Utter-Bank joyn together being all in length about eight leagues and a half when the Castle of Sluyes is South from you then are you clear of the East end of Heist-sand when the West Chappel and the Knock are brought in one then are you thwart of the Ridge of it called Engelse-Ridge this Sand is in some places a mile broad having no more than two and two fathom and a half at low-water The Ripthart is a narrow Bank whereon there is 2 3 4 5 6 fathom the Utter-Bank in the middle joyns to the Ripthart lying in the Sea South-west by South and North-east by North in length two leagues whereon you have 7 6 4 and 3 fathom The Mark for the South-west end of it is to bring the Steeple of Geer on the South-west end of Ostend then are you thwart it but when Oudenburg is on the North-east end of the Town then are you clear of it Drooge Drooge is a Bank which lyeth from the Sluyes Northwest distant from the Shore about three leagues lying in the Sea E.N.E. and W.S.W. being in length two leagues and a half and in breadth one mile and a half the East end hereof is dry at low-water When Nassan and Sluyes Castle are both in one then are you clear of it On the West end of this Bank is a Shoal whereon is but 1 fathom and a half and two fathom when West Chappel is South-east by South from you then are you thwart of it but when West Chappel and the Knock are in one then are you clear of it Small Bank Small-bank almost joyneth to the North end of the Utterbank it lyeth in the Sea N. E. by North in length almost three leagues whereon is seven and eight fathom the North end lyeth from the Sluce South-east by East four leagues White-Bank White-bank lyeth between Ostend and the Sluce distant from theshore four leagues and a half it lyeth in the Sea North-east and South-west in length three leagues and a half The Water on it is 9 8 7 9 8 11 fathom deep Easter-Bank Easter-bank lyeth without White-bank distant about a league between which goeth the Channel Den Hekelag This Bank lyeth almost parallel to the other being in length five leagues whereon you have 4 5 7 8 9 10 11 13 14 15 fathom Stone-Bank Stone-bank lyeth off Walcheren distant from the shore three great leagues when the Steeple of Midleborrough and Domburge are one in the other then are you thwart of it When Buyenskerk and West-Chappel in Walcheren are both in one then are you clear of the South-west end when Middleborrough lyeth South-East from you then are you clear of the North-east end this Bank is in length two leagues North-east and South-West being very dangerous there being on it but two and three fathom Geer The Geer is a little Bank which lyeth on the South-West side of Walcheren being distant from the shore about a mile you may go within it in four five and six fathom by keeping the Town of Flushing shut with the Land Eastern and Northern Rases Off from West-Chappel a mile from the shore lyeth a great Bank whereon are two Rases which fall dry at low-water called the Eastern and Northern Rases St. Anna bearing South by East from you carries you clear the out-side of it and the aforesaid mark of the Geer will carry you clear on the inner side until West-Chappel be North-east from you then follow the directions for Land-deep Calloert and Querns Calloert and Querns are two Banks which lie on the North-west side of Walcheren being half a mile distant one from the other and also from the Northern Rase of the foresaid Banks the Querns at low water is dry in many places the Calloert also hath but three foot water between these go a Channel of five and six fathom called the East-gat Banjaert Banjaert alias Kanteyn-steyl is a great Bank which bendeth it self towards Walcheren from which the West end is distant almost two leagues the East end is distant from the Land about two mile from whence it runneth East by South almost four mile in which space there lyeth four Buoys the conver side lyeth along by Schowen between it and the Land lyeth a small Bank whereon there is a Buoy at each end this Bank falleth dry at low-water in many places a Cables length from the West end hereof lyeth two small Shoals called Rifgens to
South end lyeth further from Land than the North end there is not above six or seven foot water upon it at low-water Coming from the northward men most commonly sayl to the westward of it that is through between the Land and the Whiting towards the Naze men may also sayl along to the eastward of it through between the Whiting and the eastermost points of Bawdsey-sand the North end of the Whiting lyeth near the Snore and lyeth from the Steeple of Orfordness South-west by South it is so exceeding steep and sharp that at one cast you have nine fathom and the next but five and then you are but a Ships length from it and before you can heave the Lead again you shall be upon it when you sit with the Fore-ship against it you have five or six fathom at Stern Alongst the inward side it is also every where so steep that you cannot sound it but on the out-side you may run alongst by it in five fathom till you come within the Sands When you come from the northwards and will sayl through within the Whiting you must run close alongst by the Shore and South-west about by the Point of the Shingle to the southward of Alborough until you come within the North Point of the Whiting When the Steeples of Orfordness come to the North-west by North from you then you are right thwart of the North Point of the Whiting being within it go again more southerly viz. South-west by South towards Barzey-Cliff To run in to the castward of the Whiting Bring the Steeple of Bawdsey W. S. W. from you and so sayl in right with it until you come by the Whiting in five or six fathom and lead it in so by it upon the Lead until you come by Bawdsey or can get deeper water When you come near Bawdsey whether you come in from the northward or southward of the Whiting you must keep somewhat off from the Shore because of a small tayl that shooteth off from the Shore thwart of Bawdsey-Cliff which you must avoid with Ships of great draught for there remaineth upon it at low water no more than two fathom you may perceive it well by the ripling of the Tyde most commonly Directions from the Buoy of the Buxey down to the Kings-Channel and from thence to the Northwards When you are at the North end of the Gunfleet or thwart of the Buoys in ten or twelve fathom if you be bound to Sea for Norway East-land Hambrough Holland c. Steer out North-east by East and E.N.E. until you come to twenty fathom water then you are clear of all and direct your course to the place you are bound But if you are bound for the North Coast of England and would hale in for Yarmouth Road then from the Buoy of the Buxey steer North-east by East until you have brought Bawdsey-Cliff to bear from you North west by West then you may borrow upon the Shipwash in ten or eleven fathom or steer away North East by North and North-east until you come to bring Alborough-Church to bear from you N. W. then bear in with it N. N. W. till you come to nine or ten fathom upon the Shore and that will bring you within the Sand called Alborough-Knapes on which there is ten or eleven foot water at low-water but there is seventeen or eighteen fathom between that and the Shore Marks of Alborough Knapes The thwart Marks for the South end of it is Alborough-Church W.N.W. for the North end of it the same Church W. S. W. The longst mark for it is Orford-Church and Castle one in another going right upon it but keeping them open a great Sayls breadth one off another on each side carrieth you clear either without or within the Sand. From the Sonk to the Long-Sand and so to the North-Foreland When the Naze-sand doth bear North-west by West you may hale up East and East by South and E.S.E. being careful to keep the Lead and to look out for the Ripling of the Sand and bear off and on from it in seven or eight fathom and being below that in eleven fathom then if you have a Neap-tyde you may steer for the Long-sand-head but with a Flood and an East wind or northerly wind you must steer E. S. E. or South-east till you come to fourteen or fifteen fathom durty owsey Ground then steer S. S. E. for a good distance for you have Pits of twenty fathom and fourteen or fifteen fathom but having a continuing depthing of 18 19 20 or 21 fathom and stony ground then you may assure your self that you are without the Long-sand and may steer S. S. W. with the Foreland and South-west by South To sayl alongst the Coast by Alborough Dunwich and Covehith The Coast lyeth North by East somewhat easterly and South by West somewhat westerly from Covehith to Leystaff North and South two leagues Between Dunwich and Covehith lyeth the Haven of Southwold Southwold which is a small Creek and a little within it divideth it self into three parts upon the northermost Arm lyeth Southwold upon the middlemost Walderswick and upon the southermost Dunwich Dunwich Covehith Covehith hath a high sharp Steeple thwart of this Steeple lyeth a Bank not far from the Land which falleth almost dry at low-water but at half flood you may sayl through between the Land and it in two fathom upon the outer-side it is very steep so that you cannot come nearer it than in nine or ten fathom When the Steeple of Covehith is W.N.W. from you then you are to the southward of the Bank and when the Steeple of Covehith is South-West by West from you then you are to the northward of it two leagues To the northward of Covehith lyeth Leystaff Leystaff and two leagues to the northward of that lyeth Yarmouth the Steeple is a high sharp Steeple and standeth a great Musquet-shot within the Land from the Houses so that in sayling alongst you may bring the Steeple on both sides of the Houses Off from Leystaff beginneth the Bank called the Holms of Yarmouth and lyeth along to the northward Holms past Yarmouth until you come thwart of Winterton Winterton there goeth divers Channels through them which you may sayl through upon divers Marks for those that are there acquainted you may sayl within these Banks off from Leystaff until you are past Winterton To sayl within the Banks of Yarmouth If you will sayl through from before Leystaff within these Banks then look out for the Light-houses which stand by Leystaff which are two little white Houses the one standeth beneath upon the Shingles on the Sea-side and the innermost upon a little Hommock somewhat farther within the Land when you come to the southward then they shew themselves to the northward of the Town but come at last thwart of it In the night there is alwayes fire on them A Chart of the North Coast of England from
more From Flambrough-head to New-Castle the course is North-west or W.N.W. but if you keep the Shore the course is more northerly Directions for St. Nicholas-Gat and Yarmouth-Road From Alborough-bay your course to Yarmouth-sands is North by East and when you are thwart the South end of Holm-head you shall have 17 or 18 fathom water which is directly thwart of Leystaff and being past that you may borrow upon the Sand in 7 8 or 9 fathom water until you have brought Goulston-steeple which is the southermost Steeple of the two upon the North Peer of Yarmouth and steer with those Marks one over the other till you come to six or seven fathom water upon the Shore and then bearing to the northward anchor at the South end of Yarmouth or before as you shall think convenient in 6 7 8 or 9 fathom water from whence if you are bound to the northward and would go over Castorness steer alongst the 〈…〉 in 5 6 or 7 〈…〉 the back of the Barber-Sand 〈◊〉 you have brought the Light-houses one over another Cockle and then beaâ— within the Buoy of the Cockle borrowing upon the Main in 6 5 or 4 fathom until you come thwart of Winterton and that depth will lead you until you come within the Middle-ground that â—â—th not above twelve foot water And when you have brought Winterton Light-houses S.S.W. from you you may steer oâ—t N. N. E. until you come to 8 or 9 fathom water and then you may be sure you are without the Ness and may steer alongst the Coast or direct your course as you have the Wind. But if you be in Yarmouth Road with a Ship that draweth 17 or 18 foot water your best course is to go to the northward betwen the Cockle and Scroby Marks of the Channel are as follows You must bring the southermost round Tower of Yarmouth to bear with the two southermost Windmills To sayl between the Cockle Scrâ—ty and so run until you bring the said Tower open of the Mills the breadth of the Tower and so steer into the northward with that mark which will carry you out between the two Sands Also there is another nearer mark which is therefore better but they come all to one which is The Wind-mill that stands on the North-west part of the Town a little Sayls breadth to the westward of the North-west Tower of Yarmouth it sheweth like unto a Dove-house this mark will lead to the northwards and you shall not have less than six or seven fathom until you come to the Sea-heads which is a Shoal that lyeth thwart between the two Sands on which there is not above four fathom or four fathom and a half at low-water and when the Wind-mills come one upon another then you enter upon the South part of the Shoal which will continue without deepning or shoaling until Winterton-Church and the Light-house be one in the other and then you may presently come into deeper water and may steer away unto the northward North-west or North-west by West or North-west by North and this course shall carry you clear within the Rock that lyeth E.N.E. and W.S.W. from Winterton on which you shall not find fifteen foot at low-water in some places If you be coming from the northward and would go into this Channel follow this direction To the North-west of Haseborough you shall see a low flat Church keep that a Sayls breadth off Haseborough-Cliff and steering directly with this Mark will bring you into the Channel before mentioned Yarmouth-Road To bring you into Yarmouth-Road and to know the right Church when it is open and shut of the Cliff of Haseborough is this When Haseborough-Church doth bear North-west by West from you and steering away South-east by East will bring you into the Marks and Channel aforesaid and within all the Over-falls that lie short of Wintertenness From Winterton to Haseborough-Point the course is North-west three leagues From Haseborough to Cromar the Coast lyeth North-west and West by North and W.N.W. 3 or 4 leagues Thus sheweth the Land between Winterton and Cromer Winterton Mock-Beggers-Hall Thus sheweth the Land to the northwards of Winterton as far as Haseborough as you sayl by it Castor Haseborrough Thus sheweth the North Coast of England betwixt Yarmouth and Cromer when you sayl through within the Banks Castor Winterton Haseborrough Cromer These three Figures belong to each other The Land lyeth from Cromer to Bornham first W. N. W. and West by North and then West and West by South nine or ten leagues Thwart of Mock-beggars-Hall not far from the Shore lyeth a little Flat where no Ship can go over but you may come within six or seven fathom of it you may also run betwixt it and the Land in two fathom water To sayl into Blakney From Cromer unto Blakney it is two or three leagues At Blakney standeth a high Steeple which you may see alongst far over the Land when it cometh to the little Steeple then you have the first buoy of the Channel which lyeth at the South end of the Pole which is a Sand at the West end of the Channel of Blakney go from the first Buoy to the other and so alongst by them until you come within the Haven this is a Tyde-Haven and is dry at low-water To sayl into Wells Four leagues to the westward of Blakney lyeth Wells betwixt them both the aforesaid Shore Pole and Piper called the Pole and Piper There is a Shoal that lyeth far off from the Land at the West end of which goeth in the Channel of Wells The Beacons that you sayl by stand all alongst by the Piper when Hoebrom beareth E. S. E. from you and the Trees against the Steeple then you may sayl open into the Haven of Wells Directions for Lin-Deeps between Wintertonness and the Spurn-head From Wintertonness to Flamborrough-head the course is North-West and North-west by North as the wind is In which course when you come to the Well which is near about Blakney S.S.W. and South-west by South from you there you have divers Overfalls upon some of them there is not above 13 or 14 foot at low-water and are very short Knowls many men are of opinion that it is Land grown up about some Vessels that have been sunk as they were coming from New-Castle in Queen Elizabeths dayes and since so that it is very dangerous for a Ship that draweth 16 or 17 foot water to go through the Well for no man can shape a course to be certain to go through the Well escaping the Overfalls they being so many and lying so scattered in your course between Flamborrough and Winterton but in your W. N. W. and E. S. E. courses between the Spurn and Norfolk-Coast there is no fear of Overfalls for in that course you shall have eight or ten fathom a certain depth for three or four leagues together Between Wells and Bornham there lyeth a Bank you may ride under it in
five or six fathom he that will sayl into Bornham must go in at high-water and bring the Steeple against the Block-house and so sayl in by the Beacons leaving them on the Larboard-side These are all the Tyde-Havens Bornham From Bornham to chappel-Chappel-Land the course is W.S.W. two leagues to the northward of it lyeth the Sonk which is a Sand that is dry at low-water you may sayl about it on both sides of the Sonk to Lin. To sayl to the eastern Channel of Lin. To sayl in here You must go to the eastward of the Sonk and bring that Wood over the Point of Chappel-Land East from you then go in S. S. W. and by little and little more easterly until you come about the Point there the Buoys and Beacons shall shew the way When you come about the Point you may run through the Sand into the northward Channel and sayl out again by the same into the Sea by the Buoys and Marks thereof This northward Channel lyeth North-east and North-east by North and is very well Buoy'd and Beacon'd You may also sayl into the westward of the Sonk South by East alongst by it and so run into the first Buoy from thence alongst by the Beacons into Lin before the Town when you come from the eastward you may run through within the Sonk alongst by the Chappel-Land South by West into the aforesaid Buoy To sayl from Cromer to Blakney into Boston-Deep To sayl from Cromer or Blakney into Boston-deep You must go West by North till you come by the Land between Wells and Bornham right against which lyeth a Bank called Burnham-flats North into the Sea a league Burnhamslats which at low-water lyeth dry in divers places you may run the aforesaid course when you are by Cromer or Blackney a little without the Land and may go to the northward of this Bank at high-water you may well go over it The ground on the North side goeth up slat and plain run boldly to it without fear until you come into three or four fathom so that he which useth his Lead can take no hurt by it but on the inner-side that is on the South-side it is very steep and as soon as you are over the shoalest you shall suddenly get deep water and good sandy ground within it is good riding for easterly winds To sayl to Boston-deep within Boston-Knock First You must keep the Sounding of the Shore in four or five fathom till the Point of Legerness be N. N. W. from you between the Shore and the Knock in the midst of the Channel it is five fathom but is dry at low-water when Legerness is W. N. W. from you then go on South-west through between the Knock and the Shoal which shooteth off from the westward of Legerness until you get again the depth of six or seven fathom In this going over there is but two fathom at low-water but it floweth there about five fathom up and down being over it go on South-west alongst between the Long-sand and the Shoal which lyeth off from the Shore it is between 9 and 10 fathom deep you may sound on both sides as well the Shoal that lyeth off from the Land as the Long-sand in five fathom but the Flats are somewhat steeper then the Long-sand To sayl without Boston-Knock into Boston-Deep To sayl without Boston-Knock in Boston-Deep coming as aforesaid to the West-Land you must look out for the Steeple of Ingold-Mills standing somewhat to the northward of Legerness bring them one in the other and then they shall bear about N. N. W. from you keep them one in the other and go on S. S. E. until the Trees of the Point be West of Legerness Come without the Point of the Ness and then you may run through between Boston-Knock when the aforesaid Trees come a hand-spikes length to the eastward of the Point of Legerness then go on South-west and you may run right into the deep between Boston-Knock and Long-sand and so you shall find between the Knock and the Point of Long-sand five fathom being past the Knock it will be 8 9 or 10 fathom deep Other directions for Boston-Deep If you will sayl out of the Sea into Boston-deep Then bring the aforesaid Trees a hand-spikes length without the Point at Legerness which shall then bear from you about N. N. W. sayling right with them until the high-land within Legernesi or Winfleet being to come even without the Ness which shall then bear from you somewhat more northerly than West then you are within the Point of the Long-sand or else there stands three little Houses on the Sea-side about half-wayes between Legerness and Ingold-Mills when they come to be North-west from you and the aforesaid Trees without the Point then you are also within the Point of Long-sand go on then South-west between Boston-Knock and Long-sand as aforesaid A little past Legerness lyeth a Shoal or Flat about the midst in the Fair-way but nearest to the Long-sand when the Trees upon the Point to the southward of Winfleet come into the second Valley of the high-land within Winfleet then you are right thwart of this Shoal edge therefore to one side or other rather towards the Shoal it is widest keep boldly the sounding of the Shoal and run South-west alongst by it until the Steeple of Boston come over the Steeple of Butterwyle which is also a flat Steeple but smaller than that of Boston standing in a Wood thwart of it runneth a Shoal somewhat without the Point being past it go W.S.W. all alongst the aforesaid Shoal until the great Steeple of Boston come over the second Mill there is good anchoring by the West Shore in five fathom at low-water but he that cometh at low-water must anchor and stay for his Tyde until half flood for before you cannot sayl further in from thence and you shall not find more than two fathom upon the shoalest place and so the Deep lyeth in along the Beacons about South to the third Beacon being past that W. S. W. and then by little and little more westerly and northerly but run all alongst by the Beacons leaving them on the Starboard-side at least North to the River Upon the Point of the River standeth a Sheep-House before you pass by it seemeth as if there were no opening by reason it is all Green Land and even run in by it all alongst by the Land being past the River doth open it self and being come within the Point you must run in between the Dikes a league until you come before the Town In the River it is half flood before it is every where deep enough when you come a little within the Houses of the Town on the Larboard-side there you must let fall your Anchor and stay until the Water begin to fall then you have Flood enough to drive you to the Key there you must make fast with a Cable it doth not begin to ebb there until the water be
fallen three foot An East and West Moon makes in Boston-deep the highest-water but before the Town an East by South and an E.S.E. Moon To sayl out of the Deep He that cometh from Boston and would sayl out through the Deep with an high-water let him look out for the aforesaid high Island within Legerness when that cometh behind Legerness then he may boldly set his course whither he intends either to the Eastward North-eastward or Northward there is nothing that can hurt you From Legerness to Humber is about seven leagues North and South between them about a league to the southward of Humber lyeth a place called Salt-fleet-Haven a little to the northward of a sharp Steeple called Wilgrip-steeple thwart of the aforesaid Salt-fleet-Haven about a mile from the Shore lyeth a Sand which at low-water falleth almost dry you must run without it and leave it towards the Land yet upon occasion you may venture to sayl within it Directions to sayl into Humber and so to Hull If you will go into Humber coming from the northward be sure to keep so far off the Spurn shore as that you may be in six or seven fathom water and that depth will lead you without the stone-Stone-bank that lies a great distance from the Land and when you are so far that you have brought Patrington Church up to the Spurn then must you bear in West and West by North and W.N.W. This Church standeth up in the Bay to the N. N. W. of the Spurn having a high Spire Steeple being within the Spurn you may edge into the northward and ride very well with a North-east or E.N.E. Wind or steer West by North towards the buoy of the Sand called the Bull in seven or eight fathom water Bull. The thwart marks of the said buoy is a House upon the West end of the Cliff of Clayness and from thence to Grimsby-Road and anchor a little below the Beacon Grimsby-Road A Chart of the NORTH SEA By John Seller Hydrographer to the King And are to be sold at his shop at the Hermitage in Wapping THE River of Humber Described by Iohn Seller Hydrographer to the Kings most excellent Majestie THE RIVER OF TYNE Described by Iohn Seller Hydrographer to the Kings most Excellent Majestie Cum privilegio To sayl into Humber coming from the Southward If you are bound into Humber coming from the southward Then you must keep Patrington Spite Steeple open a Sayls breadth off the Point of the Spurn and steer in with that mark until you come to Burcum-beacon Sonk your course up towards Hull is N. N. W. or you may borrow off and on upon the Sonk which is a Sand that lyeth on the North side of the River almost as far down as the Spurn in four or five fathom water according as the Tyde is in height but between the Sonk and the Southward there lyeth many Banks and Over-falls but of a fathom or a fathom and a half water there are Shoals and Silver-pits in the Channel one of them is very dangerous which lyeth thwart the buoy of the Bull Bull. a little short of that and Burcum-beacon on which Bank or Middle-ground a New-Castle Ship was lost that drew not above thirteen foot water Therefore to avoid this be careful to keep the South-side but above Burcum-beacon there lyeth two or three Over-falls a good way off from the Shore if you come up so far as to bring Pauls Tower open of the red Cliff to the castwards then you are clear or about the tayl of the Sonk then you may steer right over with the Town of Paul and anchor there if you please near the Town but there runs a great Tyde When you come almost the length of the foul Holms which lyeth on the North side of Humber a little below Pauls high Cliff there is a Church which on the North side also you will see also you will see it a little open to the eastward of a little Wood and when you bring it within the East of the Wood you are then in the Narrow right thwart of them then run up W.N.W. until you bring the Town of Paul just open of the high Cliff then you may sayl over to the southward until you bring the Hall which hath a right white top right over the South Block-house and with these Marks you may run almost against the Town where you may anchor in five or six fathom water A Table of Soundings and Depths from the North-Foreland to the Northwards The Names of the Headlands How these Parts bear from you Leagues Fathom The Colour of the Ground North-Foreland West half a Point Southerly 5 27 Gravel black peppery Sand. North-Foreland North-West The Goodwin N. head dry 1 mile and a half 3 30 Brown Sand the North-head of the Goodwin bearing from you W.N.W. a mile and a half and some of the Sand within two thirds of a mile red owsie Sand blown Sand then will the North with the South-Poreland bear South-west from you  If N. W. by W. 3 31  North-Foreland West by North Or West by South 7 23 One cast fine Sand another shingly ground and standing thwart the Channel near thereabouts you will find Banks in 16 fathom fine Sand and between them 24 fathom groster ground North-Foreland W. S. W. 5 23 Small shingly Sand most part of it  W. S. W. 8 28 Black shingly ground no Sand. North-Foreland S. W. by W. 12 33 No Sand but sometimes small Perwinkles  S. W. by W. 9 30 The same ground is above in 33 fathom North-Foreland S. W. Westerly 10 31 Stremy ground blown Sand and some shells  S. W. Westerly 8 28 Shingly Ground with small black Sand. North-Foreland S. W. ½ South 8 18 Stony gross Ground not far from the Knock.  S. W. by S. 7 19 Shingly Ground as big as Beans N. Foreland And the nase-Nase-land S.W. by S. southerly 9 14 Dirty soft ground which is a league to the northwards of the Long sand-head  S.W. by S. southerly 9 14  Orfordness N. N. W. 5 or 6 23 Dirty Clay thick owsie black at both these distances 5 and 6 leagues off shingly ground  N. W. by W. 11 28   W. N. W. 10 or 11 27 29 Shingly Ground with some Sand. Orfordness West by North. 11 29 Fine red gravelly Sand small shells   8 24 Fine peppery black Sand and some shells  West by South 10 28 Red gravelly Sand.   7 25 Shingly small stones and some shells Leystaff West 29 30 Fine white and black Sand.  West southerly 2½ 18 Gross Ground and stones as big as Beans Yarmouth West 8 29 Fine white Sand. Winterton West 8 28 Fine white Sand and some cast soft Owse What Moon maketh High-water at any of these Places At the North-Foreland a North and South Moon maketh high water within the Thames a South by East Moon maketh high-water before the Thames
Dartmouth standeth a white Spire Steeple called Fackman which is a very good Mark to know Dartmouth by The Start lyeth from Dartmouth South-west Start about three or four leagues Under the Point of the Start at the East side is a good Road for westerly Winds betwixt the Point and a Church that standeth on the High-Land in ten or eleven fathom so that the Point lyeth South-west from you A little to the eastward of the westermost Point of the Start lyeth a Haven called Salcomb Salcomb when you come from the West it sheweth it self open the West side of it is ragged and the East side is sloping down Close to the West Point lyeth a range of Rocks therefore you must give it a good Birth and leave the Rocks on the Larboard-side further you may see all Breaks that may do you hurt being within you need not fear either of the Shoals Upon the Bar or Shoals of the entry remaineth at low-water and Spring-tydes not less than eleven foot but within it is at least three fathom To sayl into Plymouth Seven leagues to the westward of the Start lyeth Plymouth-Sound Plymouth at the eastermost East Point of the Sound lyeth a high round Rock called Mawstone Mawstone Between it and Ram-head lyeth the said Sound N.N.E. it being round and deep A little to the northward of Ram-head is a fair Sand-bay where you may anchor close under the Land in nine or ten fathom Two leagues South a little easterly from Ram-head Eddy-stone lyeth a Rock above water called Eddy-stone The Point of Plymouth lyeth from Eddy-stone North by East and N.N.E. distant about four leagues In the Sound by the Land of Plymouth lyeth a little Island called Sir Francis Drakes Island which is fast to the West side with a Riff or Range of Rocks under-water so that you must sayl alongst to the eastwards of it whether you are bound unto Cat-water or into Hamose which is the West Harbour To sayl into Cat-Water If you will go into Cat-water Cat-water then run in betwixt the Island and the Point on the East side in with the Land of Plymouth until you see Cat-water open on the Starboard of you go then into the Eastwards betwixt the Point of Plymouth and the Point on the Starboard-side leaving most part of the Channel on the Starboard-side until you come within the Point and anchor there right against the high steep Northern Land there is at low-water with extraordinary Tydes four and five fathom When you sayl into Cat-water you must take heed by giving a good birth to the southern Point of the entry for there lie off the foresaid Point a Ledge of Rocks under-water about 2 Cables length off from the Land Upon the Point of the Ledge lyeth a Buoy where is at half-flood about twelve foot water which Buoy you must leave on your Starboard-side going in and when you have Cat-water altogether open you may run in to the eastwards leaving in the entry of the Harbour two thirds of the Channel on the Starboard-side as before is said because the South Shore is somewhat flat off there leaving a sandy Bank which reacheth to the second Point of the South Shore of Cat-water A little to the eastward of Drakes Island lyeth a Rock under water upon which is at low-water not deeper than two fathom For to sayl within the Land you may go to the eastward or westward of the Rock according as occasion shall serve If you will sayl unto Hamose to the westward of the Rocks Hamose then take the sounding of the Land in four or five fathom at low-water and run so by it until that Fishers-Village lying to the northwards a little within the Land come in the West side of the Valley on the North Shore then are you to run through between the Island and the Rock and to the westward of the Rock upon the Land of Plymouth within the Island standeth a Wall or Hedge when you see it end-wayes and the Chappel of the aforesaid Village cometh to the North side of the Valley and Cat-water cometh open then do you run over the Rock between the Island and the Main then may you anchor in 12 and 13 fathom If you sayl into Hamose you must run between the Island and the Land of Plymouth and then run in the midst of the Channel between the two Lands until the Entry of Hamose be open then run into the northwards as the Channel leadeth until you come in about the West Point and anchor there in 16 15 and 12 fathom in the Narrow is 15 16 17 and 20 fathom between the Island and the Main 8 9 and 10 or 12 fathom From Ram-head West by South five leagues lyeth Foy and betwixt them on the Coast lyeth a little Island a little to the eastward of Talland-Point thwart of West-Loee called Loee-Island you may anchor to the eastward of the Island in 5 or 6 fathom To sayl into Foy. Foy is a broad Haven where a Ship may go in at half-flood at the East side of the Haven standeth a little Church with a Steeple and on the West side a great white Church with a square Steeple To sayl into Foy you must have at least half-flood and run in amidst the Channel betwixt the two Points and being come within them chuse which side you will but the most water is by the West-Land between the Stakes and the Square Steeple being come within the Stakes as you come in by the Land then bear somewhat off presently from the West Shore almost into the middle of the Channel nearest to the West shore until you come before the Village that lyeth on the West side where is a deep Dock in which Ships that draw 16 foot may lie afloat at low-water in the said Dock may four Ships lie If when you come by the East-Land you desire to be in the aforesaid Dock or Pool then sayl in until you come within the Stakes and then edge over off from the East-Land until you come nearest the West-Land for to avoid a Flat which lyeth by the East Shore alongst the Haven which beginneth against the first House of the West Village If it should happen that you could not lead it in with a Sayl then let fall your Anchor without the Stakes and warp in with Hausers until you come unto the aforesaid Pool You may also sayl so far in that you may see a Wall on the West side of the Haven where lyeth a Village behind it a Ships length to the southward of that Wall it is good lying by the East-Land being moored by four Cables there a Ship may ride afloat that draweth sixteen foot water You may also sayl further in along by that Swatch that lyeth on the West side where in the Mill standeth but come not too near the North Point of the Swatch for by it lyeth a Rock under-water being past that you may moor your Ship
avoid which Keep East-Chappel and Middleborrough one in the other which mark will carry you clear New-Sand New-sand lyeth from the West part of Schowen half a mile from the shore and runneth off W. N. W. five mile between Banjaert and it runneth a Channel called the Velt half a mile broad where there is 1 and a half 2 and 3 fathom at low-water This Sand in some places will be dry at low-water The Hill The Hill is a Bank which lyeth on the North side of New-sand between which runneth a Channel called New-deep where you will have three and two fathom On this Bank there is but 6 and 8 foot Ourust Ourust is a triangular Sand the East corner whereof is distant from the West side of North-Beveland about the third part of a mile the West corner lyeth from the Buoy of the Little Sand called the Shoots-man half a mile on the North corner which runneth out into the Channel called the Room-pot there lyeth a Buoy in 1 fathom and a half water on the side of this Sand half a mile distant one from the other lyeth two other Buoys to direct men which go up the Channel This Sand is dry in many places The Shoots-man The Shoots-man is a little Sand which lyeth on the East side of Walcheren being distant from Terveer about a mile and is two mile in length lying close by the Shore on the North-west end there lyeth a Buoy from which to the Point of Walkeren there lyeth three others South-east by South and North-west by North one from the other These Buoys lie in four and six fathom water The Laegten The Laegten is a Sand which lyeth between Schowen and Goeree on the South side thereof lyeth 3 Buoys East and West one from the other the West end where of is distant from the Hill about a mile and half The mark for this end Is to keep Rimse on the Cliff of Weolsack and it will carry you through clear of the said end between which you will have 17 18 19 and 20 fathom to go clear of the corner at the East-head the Buoys are sufficient marks which course will also carry you clear the West end and also of the Hill in some places of this Sand you will have but three and four fathom in other places 11 and 12 fathom This Sand is in length two leagues and a half bending to the northward both sides being steep too having within 12 and 14 fathom and without 12 14 and 16 fathom Springer Springer is a Bank which all times is almost dry and joyneth on the West side to the Laegten from the South-east side runneth out a tayl two mile into the Sea the point whereof is distant from the mouth of Browers-Haven North-west almost three mile The Mark to go clear of it Is to bring Ziericzea and East-street which is a House to the westward of Browers-Haven both in one and will lead you in the best of the Channel where you will have 10 20 and 24 fathom but if you go within between Schownen and it keep the Town of Bomment East by South which will carry you directly to the westermost Buoy within the Laegten Keet-werf Keet-werf is the westermost point of the Land Geeree from which runeth off a small tayl four mile into the Sea called West-head being distant from Laegten not above half a mile it is steep too having seven and eight fathom close to it The Mark for the Point of it Is to bring Ziericzea on the West end of a Wood. which will carry you clear of it The Hinder The Hinder is a crooked Sand which lyeth on the North side of the Goeree bending with the Land in some places distant above a mile in other some less where you will have at the eastermost point 18 fathom and in the Channel 20 30 40 and 50 fathom it is in length two leagues and a half on the East end you have but two fathom but the farther to the West the deeper water at the West end you will have twenty fathom West-Plat West-Plat is a Shoal that runneth out from the West end of Voeren about four mile into the Sea being distant from the Hinder about two thirds of a league on it there is but 3 5 and 10 fathom the Channel between it and the Hinder is 9 10 and 12 fathom The marks for it Is to keep the Steeple of Quack just open of the Land and it will carry you through in the best of the Channel The Broad-fourteens The Bread-fourteens so called by reason of the breadth and depth of water upon it which in most places is 14 fathom it joyneth with the Land beginning at Scheveling and runneth off W. N. W. almost five leagues then N. W. by North nine leagues from thence N.E. by North 23 leagues which is the very point of it where you have 18 fathom which lyeth from the Texel 8 leagues it extendeth it self from Scheveling on the Coast northward 5 leagues or within a league and half of Santâ—â—â—rt from which it runneth with a concavity to the said point The Hard Outer-Rib Small-acht These are three small Sands which run into the Bread-fourteens the Hard is a little to the northward of Stantvoort and runneth off South-west six leagues whereon you have 3 5 7 and 8 fathom the Rib and Small-acht and it are parallel one to the other Small-acht beginning at Egmont-zee and runneth off into the Broad-fourteens distant from the Outer-Rib about four miles between these Sands the Channel is 6 7 8 and 10 fathom Reysers-Plat Keysers-Plat is a Sand which lyeth a league from the West end of the Texel on which side there lyeth five Buoys to direct men through the Channel called the Spaniard Channel called the Slenk near the Texel through the middle hereof goeth a Channel called the Slenk which is very narrow wherein you have 27 fathom in the said Channel there lyeth fix Buoys that Sand which is on the other end of this Channel reacheth within a mile or less of the Land of Holland between goeth a Channel called Sand-deep wherein there is three Buoys this Sand is steep too for without it you have 48 fathom and at the N. W. corner 90 within it is 30 and 33 fathom Vogel-Sand Vogel-sand lyeth between the Texel and Wieringen being two leagues broad the North side is distant from the Texel a mile and half on the North corner lyeth a Buoy to direct you through the Channel where you will have 70 80 and 90 fathom on the N.E. side standeth three Beacons by which you will have 40 and 50 fathom from the Ness-beacon this Sand runneth South five mile to the Uliter-beacon from which it runneth West to Repel-beacon being four great mile from which it runneth N. N. W. four miles and a half and from thence E.N.E. three mile which is the Buoy beforesaid which Buoy lyeth from the eastermost point of the Texel S.S.E. a mile and half Schieringhalls
West end of Ameland standeth a Cape and a great thick flat Steeple called the Hoelm the Roof of the Church is broken off but the after-form with the Roof standeth above the side Walls to the eastward of the Church of Hoelm standeth a Mill with a House to the westward of the Mill also a broad flat Tower About the place where Midland-Church was wont to stand lie three or four Sand-hills which are low flat and long toward the East end it is knobby Land with white Sand among it From the East end of Ameland runneth off a Riff almost three leagues into the Sea Born-Riff called Born-Riff which is upon the out-side very steep come no nearer it than twelve fathom coming from the eastwards you cannot sayl within it but sayling alongst by it in seven fathom you shall not run a Bowls cast alongst without it For to sayl into Ameland-Gat coming out of the Sea To sayl into Ameland Gat coming out of the Sea bring the Cape upon the East end of the Schelling right over the Steeple of Horn which shall then bear from you S.S.W. or a little more westerly sayl in right with them until that the Cape upon Ameland and the Steeple of Hoelm are one over the other then leave the first Marke and sayl in upon the second and you shall find the outermost Buoy which lyeth somewhat within the outermost Point of Born-Riff Coming from the eastwards run alongst by the Strand of the Schelling in five or five fathom and a half at low-water and you shall not fail to sayl right upon the outermost Buoy and then the Church and Steeple upon Ameland shall also come one over the other and bear from you East or a little more southerly Coming alongst by the Schelling in four fathom you shall not sayl within the Koggedeeps-ground over against them lyeth the first Buoy on the South side of Born-Riff run alongst to the southwards of it keeping the Cape and Steeple one over the other until you be past the second Buoy which lyeth thwart of the West end of Kamper-sand the Fair-way betwixt these Buoys The going into Ameland is five and six fathom deep Being past the second Buoy bring the Steeple somewhat to the northwards of the Cape and go on N.E. towards the third Buoy upon Gerritshouden for to avoid the Plat which lyeth off from the South side towards Born-Riff on it lie two white Buoys the first over against the aforesaid third black Buoy the other over against the fourth black Buoy lying from the third about S.E. leave the black Buoys all on the Larboard-side and the white on the Starboard and run through so betwixt them both the Plats is on the North side indifferent flat so that you may run to it upon the Lead reckon well your Tydes especially be careful of a fore-Ebb which falleth very strong over the Channel N. N. W. into Sea over Born-Riff Betwixt the second and third Buoy in the Fair-way it is 8 9 fathom Between the third and the aforesaid Plat 7 fathom Being past the fourth Buoy both sides are very steep and the Fair-way 8 9 10 and 12 fathom deep go then in S. S. E. until that the Steeple of Holm come over the South Point of Ameland where the Boats lie and then you come in the Bight where it is on the South side flat and good anchoring in five or fix fathom the North Shore is very steep For to sayl further into Horsen For to sayl into Horsen Go away from the Bight E.N.E. alongst by the South side in 5 or 6 fathom so long until Heynooms-Chamber being a red tyled House come a hand-spikes length to the northwards or to the eastwards of Holm-Church anchor there in 5 or 6 fathom you shall lie there in good ground sheltered for all Winds also there goeth little Tide In this Fair-way it is twelve fathom deep the North shore is there very steep These foresaid depths like as those of the Fly are said to be at low-water Easter-Booms-Gat at the Schelling The Easter-Booms-Gat is altered very much the Schorre-grounds or as some call them Peters-grounds are overgrown very near to the Shore or Strand of the Schelling before it lies a Bank or little Sand-plat Betwixt the aforesaid Schorre or Peters-ground and the Strand is according to the testimony of Masters or Schippers who usually sayl in and out with their Smack-Ships about the half of a Ships length broad and about two Ships length long is upon the Plate or Bank 5 and 6 foot but between the Schorre or Peters-ground well 11 or 12 foot water so that if there lay on the corner of the Schorre or Peters-ground a buoy or Mark to discern or find this Entrance or Gap one could then very easily sayl in or out with a Fluyt-ship but seeing the Place is not marked with a buoy it is judged uneasie to be used by great Ships and only navigable for Smacks Coming from the East and having Midland-Church standing upon the Schelling S.S.E. from you then you are near about the said Bank and seeing there is nothing else to be written of this Easter-Booms-Gat we will leave it and pass over to the Description and Scituation of the Wester-Booms-Gat Wester-Booms-Gat at the Schelling To sayl in at the Wester-Booms Channel coming from the West Bring the Cape and Tower of Brandaries together that is East and East by South from you thereupon you must run to find the outermost Buoy there is fix fathom water keep then the Cape and Tower so standing till you come to the second Buoy bring then the Tower a great hand-spikes length to the southwards of the Cape and sayl thereupon then you shall sayl betwixt a white and black Buoy there it is upon the shoalest 17 foot at low-water from thence you come to 6 and 7 fathom and then you come again in the right Booms-Channel on the North Wall it is deepest it is wide and broad so that you cannot well bear it up the Stream runs there of it self right in in still weather The Ietting To sayl into the Jetting coming through the Robbe-Gat about the Rosyne-Plat You must run towards the Buoy upon Longe-sand and forth between the White and Black Buoys leaving in sayling up the Black on the Larboard and the White on the Starboard till you come by the Beacons on the Nakens you may easily see from Buoy to Buoy sayl then forth alongst by the Beacons upon the Nakens E. S. E. on till Brandaries cometh hard by Grind Grind. but not upon it keep them so standing and run southwards on and you shall sayl upon the Buoy on the tayl of Hendricks-Taerts-Plate these you may under-sayl on the East side leave them on your Larboard and run on West away S. S. E. to the last buoy that lyeth upon the South point of the aforesaid Hendrick't-Taerts-Plate Over against the Beacons upon the Nakens lie on the South Wall two
white Buoys the most easterly lyeth upon the Tayl which sayling off you may under-sayl southward between the two last black Buoys by the West Coast is the Road where the Ships which are bound to Harlingen set on to lighten Note ☞ All the depths here before rehearsed as well of Stortmeleck as of the Booms-Gat are said of the lowest water at half-flood is three foot deeper it floweth upon these at the aforesaid places with a common Tyde five and a half or six foot up and down The numbers of the depths set down in the Card of the Fly and Ameland-Gat are to be understood for feet As for Example By the outer Buoy of the Boomkens-Gat stand 66 that is 66 foot or 11 fathom six foot being reckoned for a fathom Stortemeleck To sayl into Stortemeleck that is the Land-deep of Ulie-land Bring the Cape that is on the East end of Ulie-land and the Light-house together they shall then bear from you S. S. E. or a little easterly sayl thereupon and you shall fall right on the first Buoy that lyeth on five fathom on the outermost of the long Bank the Bank is on the North side reasonable plain so that those who come out of the North may run thereby on the Lead in five or fix fathom and so likewise find the outermost Buoy If need require men may run over the end of the long Bank but not too far eastwards of the outermost Buoy in 3 fathom or 18 foot Towards the Shore though not eastward of the second Buoy but a good way westward lyeth right southward the point of another small Tayl whereupon near the Buoy it is no more than 11 foot water between this Tayl and the long Bank runneth a Chop in the Ground to the eastward of five fathom deep It happeneth sometimes that Ships coming over the end of the long-Long-Bank and finding again deeper water do think themselves to be in the right depth of Stortemeleck whereupon they luff but run in the aforesaid Chop in betwixt the two foresaid Tayls and if with a westerly wind not without great danger and yet must run out again backward coming out of the West along by ulie-Ulie-land in 4 or 5 fathom you shall not miss to run the foresaid outermost Buoy in sight he that in the night falleth about Stortemeleck let him bring the Light-house S. S. E. from him and run thereupon till he come nearer the Shore he shall run to the westwards of the outermost Buoy within Stortemeleck there lie 7 black Buoys with one white Buoy sayling in leave all the black on the Larboard and run along the southward leave the white on the Starboard even as all other white Buoys as well in Booms-Channel the Jetting as upon the Ulie-Stream In coming from Stortemeleck you must somewhat shun the Shore for it hath a Shoal right over against the first Buoy The second Buoy called the Outermost-Drooge-drie Droog-drie lyeth on 11 foot upon the ridge of the shoalest of the Channel South thereof is also not more than 11 foot water and a little further again 16 foot deep The third called the Innermost-Drooge-drie lyeth in 16 foot the right depth betwen both is 3 fathom The fourth is called Heyckboeck between this and the third the right depth is 5 fathom Over against the fourth lyeth the white Buoy on the Strand hard by runneth a little Tayl from the Shore which you may undersayl when you sayl outwards to this white Buoy or to the third which from without it stretcheth E. N. E. in from the fourth to the fifth almost East and further more and more southerly The fifth Buoy is called the Outermost Corner Buoy the sixth the Middlemost Corner Buoy and the seventh or last the Innermost Corner Buoy betwixt the Outermost and Middlemost Corner Buoy the next Outermost runneth a Tayl from the Shore which you may undersayl from without this groweth sometimes almost as far as the Buoy then breaketh the depth by the Wall again through and scoures the Tayl wholly to the North Shore from the Innermost Buoy men run forth alongst by the Strand of Ulie-land or southward to the Buoy upon the Plate To sayl in at the Spaniards-Channel For to find the Spaniards-Channel coming from the northwards You must bring the Capes upon Huysdown one in the other or a little through one another to wit the Runner that is the southermost and greatest a little to the eastwards of the other then they shall bear S. S. E. from you sayl then in right with them keeping them so and you shall sayl right upon the outermost Buoy or in sight of it which lyeth as is said upon the Point of the Keysers-Plate in 22 foot at low-water When you come to the Buoy Keysers-Plate the Kooger-Church shall lie full E. N. E. from you Therefore if you come from the westwards or southwards then bring that Church not more northerly from you then E. N. E. but rather a little more easterly and sayl then right in with it until that the Capes come one right against another or else you shall lightly sayl upon the Keysers-Plate which is without upon the North side very steep Men may run a little westwards of the Outermost Buoy alongst to the castwards of it it is broader From the first or the outermost Buoy to the second the course is South somewhat westerly and from thence to the third fourth and fifth which is the Buoy of the Cape and Steeple it is almost one course S. S. E. or somewhat southerly the Buoys lie along the West Shore men may for need sayl alongst to the westwards of them but not far for the West Shore is so steep that if a great Ship should lie with the Stern against it there should be no more than 3 foot at Head and by the main Mast at least three fathom deep but the East Shore is flat you may run alongst by it upon your Lead until you come within the Buoys The Buoy upon the Tayl that is the innermost Old-Slenk upon the Buoy of the Old-Slenk lies from the Buoy upon Cape and Steeple South by West and S. S. W. but the Helder S. E. then you may sayl from the Buoy upon Cape and Steeple right with the Helder without danger or to the Buoy upon the Tayl and from thence alongst by the South Shore which is also very steep or right to the Helder as shall be most convenient for the Wind and Tyde The Fore-flood sets very strong over the South-ground to the Spaniards-Channel till half-flood and the Fore-ebb S. S. E. till half-ebb The Helder lyeth from the Buoy upon the Tayl E. S. E. and S. E. by East When you are come near the Helder run close by it so to avoid a Tayl shooting off from Geest-sand which you may sayl within as you come from Sea there lyeth a Buoy upon it which leave on the Larboard-side being past the Helder go N. E. or a
the Mase as soon as you are past that keep strait to the Schtedams-head there you have the deepest water To sayl into the Mase with a northerly Wind. But if you will sayl in the Mase with a northerly wind you must keep the upper Wall that so you may have the smoothest deepest water for by the North Wall there goes in a depth where a full foot of water and more is then by the buoys above written and is called Everskill to reach this you must bring the outermost Beacon in the Brill and keep it so standing till you bring two bushes of Trees on the North side East of it that is about a Musquet-shot northwards the outermost buoy bring the most northerly Bush in with Delfs-Steeple so are you then on the North side of Everskill and the southerly Bush to the Eâ—er then are you on the South side of Everskill then keep so long between both the Beacons then are you right over against the Hompel then run again to the Land of the Brill either to the Pit or the aformentioned Southern-Gat The Goerees-Gat Betwixt the Land of the Brill and Geeree goeth in also 2 Channels the northermost is called the Quackaeeps and is not for great Ships but onely for Smacks and small Ships the other the Goerees-Gat betwixt these two Channels lyeth a great Plat called the Hinder which at low-water is not deeper than 5 6 and 7 foot to the northwards of it goeth in the Quacks-deep and the southwards of it the Goerees-Gat For to find the Quacks-deep coming in out of the West You must keep the Steeple of the Brill East from you and run so in until that a great Countrey House which you shall see stand alone a little within the Point of the Quack come to the southermost Sand-hills of the Land of the Brill which shall then bear near about East from you keep that then so standing and come so right in until that Oostvâ—â—rn come to the westermost or southermost Sand-hills then come in alongst by the Strand somewhat more southerly until that Goeree come to the eastwards or within the Sand-hills then you shall be past the East Point of the Hinder which the Pilots call the Buoyen run then towards Goeree or the eastwards to Helleveet-Sluce where you desire to be For to sayl in at the Goeree-Gat You must bring the Steeple of Goeree and the Cape upon the Land of Goeree one in the other and then they shall bear Fast by South and E. S. E. from you or if you cannot see the Cape then bring the Steeple East by South or E.S.E. from you according as you shall have the wind sayl in right with it until you come hard aboard the Strand and within a Bowls cast in alongst by it East by North and East in so long until that the Land do fall away more to the southwards thereabouts runneth off from the Shore a little Tayl which you may sayl within in going out but not in coming in there you must edge a little further from the Shore being past that luff up again towards the Shore or Haven of Goeree and anchor there before it or else if you will run up the Hellevoet-Sluce then bring the Mill which standeth to the westwards of Goeree a little to the northwards of the Steeple of Goeree keep them so standing and sayl so up to Hellevoet-Sluce and you shall not come near the Plat which lyeth over against or to the southwards of Hellevoet-Sluce When you sayl in at the Goeree-gat with a bare southerly wind and that you cannot bring the Cape and Steeple one in the other you may bring the Steeple wel E. S. E. or a great Capstane bars length to the northwards of the Cape and then run on until you come over against the Strand and so you shall run over the Tayl of the Hinder in 14 and 15 foot at low-water but when the Cape and Steeple are one in the other you shall not have less than 19 or 20 foot being come over the Tayl of the Hinder in the right depth it is 6 7 and 8 fathom deeper water A little within the Cape or almost thwart of it is the narrowest of the Channel further in it is wide on the side towards the Hinder it is rising Ground but the south shore alongst by the Strand is very steep To sayl in at the Brewers-Haven Before the Land of Scowen thwart of the Brewers-Haven-Channel lie 3 Banks the outermost called the bree-Bree-bank lyeth a kenning without the Land upon which it is 7 fathom deep and again within it 10 fathom deep upon the second near the Shore it is 5 fathom deep and again within it is 7 fathom The third called the Ooster lyeth close by the Land and runneth into the castwards betwixt Schowen and the Land of Goeree upon it is no more than 6 foot water When you would sayl into the Channel of Brewers-Haven you must go about to the westwards of it Upon the West end of Schowen stand two Capes bring them one in the other and run so right in with them until the Steeple of the Remisse which Steeple is somewhat sharp come to the Blenck or Wâ—â—lsack that is a high white Sand-hill which sheweth it self out in Whiteness high above all the other Sand-hills then leave the Capes and run in by the marks of the Blenck and Remisse until that Outdrop a little white Steeple upon the Land of Goeree come to the Steeple of Gâ—â—ree and so you shall go in betwixt the Ooster of the Larboard-side and the Hill on the Starboard-side and alongst a little to the southward of the outermost Buoy until you come within the Ooster When Outdrop and Geeree are one in the other then leave also the aforesaid marks of Remisse and run in right with Goeree until you come by the second Buoy or if there lie no Buoys until that Bommence come a little without the Oxe-Tayl that is a Point of Schowe lying out a little to the westwards of Brewers-Haven sayl so right in until you are past the Brewers-Haven This Channel of Brewers-Haven is a broad and deep Channel very convenient for great Ships he that must turn in or out to windwards may run alongst a good way on boch sides as well of the outermost as the second Buoy but to the southward of them it is deepest and the common Fair-way The third Buoy is a Buoy with a Tayl and lyeth upon a Point of a Tayl off from the Ooster which you may not go to the northwards of until you be very close alongst by it All alongst by the Strand of Schowen it is very deep and steep you may run close by it from the outermost Buoy unto Brewers-Haven there is nothing that can hurt you the shoalest of this Channel is 18 or 19 foot at least a league without the Land in the coming in betwixt the Ooster and the Hill further inwards it is 4 5 6 and 7
you it will bring you near the South end of the Shipwash When you sayl out of the Sledway from Bawdsey it bearing N. N. W. from you the depths are 4 5 6 7 8 9 fathoms then stear South-west by West and W. S. W. according to the Wind and that will bring you near the Buoy of the Gunfleet to direct you up the Swin and when you come to ten and eleven then hale South up towards the Buoy of the Gunfleet This Sledway is very uneven Ground you shall have 7 8 and 9 fathom and the next throw 4 and 5 fathom The Whiting The Whiting is a Sand that lyeth against Orford-Town and lyeth North-east by North and South-west by South on which is but five foot at low-water and is in length three miles and a half and in breadth three Cables length the North end of it beareth from the Light-House on Orford-ness S. S. W. four miles and a half and Orford-Church N. N. W. a large mile from the shore the South end is the broadest when you are at the South end in four fathom Marks of the Whiting The Marks are Alterton-steeple West eight degrees northerly and Bawdsey-steeple West by South three degrees southerly This end of the Sand lies from the Shore two miles and about half a mile South-east from this end of the Sand there is but five fathom at high-water Not knowing whether this be that which some Colliers report that lyeth about the South end of the Whiting which they call the Kettle-Bottom being a round Knowl on which some of them said they have seen a Ship aground but could not tell us where it was neither could we find any other The Whiting is noted in the Draught with the Letter q. Bawdsey-Sand This is a Sand that lyeth without the Whiting lying North-east and South-west in length four miles and a half and in breadth three Cables length and a great part of it dryeth at low-tydes The Marks for the South end of it is Bawdsey-steeple North-west six degrees then the Church stands open to the South of a little tuft of Trees This end lyeth from the there four miles and a half and is very steep having eight and nine fathom close to it and a very strong Tyde runs by it Marks for Bawdsey-Sand The Marks for the North end is Orford-Castle North by West six degrees westerly the Light-houses North six degrees easterly five miles off this end is more slat and broad than the South-end this end and the South end of the Whiting doth bear North-west by West and South-east by East two miles asunder the depths betwixt them is 6 7 8 9 10 fathom the most and on the East side 8 9 10 fathom and 7 and 8 at the West and from Alterton-Church it lyeth West by North half northerly and from Bawdsey-Church West half southerly then will Bawdsey-Church be on the North end of a short Wood. The Shipwash The Shipwash is a Sand that lyeth without Bawdsey-Sand and is properly so called it having out of doubt washed many a Ship quite away It is a very dangerous Sand by reason of its length and the strength of Tyde that runs by it and the great part of it that dries at low-water and the devouring nature thereof swallowing up any Ship that is lost on it quite out of sight in few dayes it lyeth North by East and South by West and is in length nine miles and in breadth a quarter of a mile but at the South end it is half a mile broad by reason of a Hook that runs off the North-west side as in the Draught is described Marks for the North end of this Sand. The Marks for the North end are Orford-Church North-west six miles off and five miles from the Light-Houses Or Orford-ness South-East by South Marks for the South end The Marks for the South end are Bawdsey-steeple North-west five degrees West eight miles and a half off from the shore The South-east side of this Sand is very steep too having ten fathom close to it but the North-west side is not so steep for you may sayl along that side in seven and eight fathom taking care of the Hook the South end is more flat than the North end The Depths between this and Bawdsey-Sand are 8 9 10 11 12 fathom two miles without this Sand to the East is 15 and 16 fathom Alborough-Knapes Alborough-Knapes is a Sand that lyeth about five miles from Orford-ness The Marks to carry you clear of it are to bring Orford-Church and Castle one in another Alborough-Church West brings you just upon it there is but two fathom and a half water upon it at low-tyde If you come within the Knapes you will have twelve or thirteen fathom water and if you go without it you will have sixteen fathom which are sure notes to know whether you are without or within the Sand. Bernard The Bernard is a Sand that lyeth a little to the northwards of East-ness it lyeth in the Sea North-East one mile and a half the South end lyeth East from Covehithe-Church if you are bound to the northward to go clear of the North-east end of it keep Southwold open of the South end of the Cliff until you bring Leystaff Windmill open to the northwards of the Town of Laystaff The Sea-Horse or Newcomb The Sea-Horse is a Sand or Bank which lyeth thwart the Steeple of Covehithe which is a high sharp Steeple not far from the shore which falleth almost dry at low-water but at half-flood you may sayl through between the Land and it in 2 fathom upon the outer-side it is very steep so that you cannot come nearer it than in nine or ten fathom When the Steeple of Covehithe is W. N. W. from you then you are to the southward of it and when the Steeple is South-west by West from you then are you to the northwards of it two leagues St. Matthews-Sand Off from Pakesfield almost three miles lyeth St. Matthews Sand being in length one mile and a half and in breadth about three Cables length it lyeth in the Sea North and South the South end beareth from East-ness North-east by North five miles and a half the North end lyeth from Leystaff East by South three miles and a half The Holmes of Yarmouth Off from Leystaff beginneth the Holms of Yarmouth which are several Banks and Sands having many Channels going between them and you may sayl through upon divers Marks if you are acquainted And also within these Banks from Leystaff until you come past Winterton for they reach thwart of it most of the Banks have particular appellations as Corten-Sand Leystaff Knock New-warp Cockle Hombsby Hurd the Knock Middle-ground Thredle-dore St. Nicholas-Sand Scrobe c. If you sayl alongst by the Land you must keep the Soundings of the shore in 5 6 or 7 fathom some of them are steep too on out-side where you may have 12 and 13 fathom but off Thredle-door
Knock-John having a small swatch that runs through betwixt them dividing them into two Sands but is not fit for ships to pass through This Sand dries in several places and is half and three quarters of a mile broad East-Barrows The East-barrows is the North-east part of the whole Barrows-sand and lies down from the North-east end of the West-barrows North-east by East about four miles in two several Sands one at the end of the other the South-west end of them tayling upwards Beatings of this Sand. On the North-west side of the North-east end of the West-barrows is a small swatch passing between them also between the two East-barrows there is a swatch where small Vessels that are acquainted do pass through both these Sands fall dry at low-water and are in length about four miles the South side of these two Sands is steep the North-west more bolder yet something steep The North-east end of these doth bear from the Naze South by East ten miles distant The Channel betwixt this and the Heaps is a mile broad in which you have 7 8 9 and 10 fathom water and in one place a cross Ridge lies thwart the Channel where there is but two and three fathoms West-Barrows The West-Barrows is the South-west part of the whole Barrows-sand there being some Swatches two third parts down to the North-eastwards that divides this Sand which makes it to be called the East and West-Barrows That part which is called the West-Barrows begins at the North-east end of the Mouse and lyeth down North-east and South-west it falls dry in several places at low-water and is steep too on both sides on the South-east side there is seven and eight fathom close to the Sand but on the North-west side you have ten eleven and twelve fathom close to it This Sand is in length six or seven miles and betwixt it and the Shivering-sand you have in the middle nine ten and eleven fathom this Sand dries in several places amongst all these Sands it flows South by East The Mouse The Mouse is a Sand that lyeth from the Body of the Oaze-edge North-east about a mile between them is a Channel where is seven or eight fathom water and lower down to the eastward there is nine or ten fathom A Draught of the SANDS CHANNELS BUOYES BEACONS AND SEA-MARKS upon the Coast of ENGLAND From the Southforeland to Orfordness Discovered by Capt gilbert Crane and Capt Tho Browne elder Bretheren of Trinity House The Sea Coast Survâ—â—ghed by Ionas Moor Esquire Published by the Special License and Aprobation of his Royal Highness the DUKE OF YORK Made and Sold by John Seller Hidrographer to the Kings most Excellent Majesty in Wapping London This Sand is between three and four miles long and half a mile broad being steep too on both sides It lies in length E. N. F. and W. S. W. and joyns to the West-Barrows only a small Swatch runneth betwixt them The North-east end of this Sand bears N. N. W. 〈…〉 two miles and a half from the South-west of the Shivering-sand A Description of the Sands Shoals Rocks and Dangers upon the South Coast of England between Dover and Silly The Vane or Ripraps THE Vane or Ripraps is a Bank that lyeth a little to the southwards of the Heads of Calice and Dever some-what nearer to the French-Coast it is but narrow but in length it is four leagues lying about N. N. E. and S. S. W. and so windeth it self southerly toward the Land of Bulleyn bearing West by South from Calice-Cliff and South by East from Dover The North-eastermost end is the shoalest not having more than nine 10 or 11 foot at low-water On both sides of this Bank as well to the eastwards as the westwards thereof you will have 20 22 23 and 24 fathom water betwixt this Bank and the Land lyeth also two or three Shoals but not very dangerous having three fathom and a half or four fathom at low-water Easterborrough-Head South of Arundel about six or seven miles Easterborrough-Head lyeth a Bank called Easterborrough-head which dryeth at low-water and at Spring-tydes about a furlong being Rocks and Shindles To avoid this danger if you be bound to the southward from Sborum run S. S. W. into the Sea until you get eighteen fathom and then you may steer boldly W. S. W. and that course will lead you without the Owers also close by this Shoal you will have fifteen fathom from this to the Owers it is almost two leagues W. S. W. come no nearer than in twelve or thirteen fathom and that depth will carry you without the Owers A Ledge of Rocks Between Easterborrough and the Owers lyeth a Ledge of Rocks on which there is not above six foot at low-water This Ledge is half a league to the North-west from Easterborrough-head The Owers W. S. W. five leagues from Arundel Owers thirteen leagues West by South somewhat westerly from Beachy about four leagues to the eastwards of the Wight and half a league from the Shore lyeth the Owers being alwayes under water The thwart Mark is when Chichester Spire-steeple is N. N. W. Marks from you then are you thwart the souther side of it For a longst Mark set the Point of Dunness with your Compass it will bear direct West by South half southerly Dunness W.S.W. is right upon them To avoid the danger hereof if you be coming from the eastwards with a northerly wind be sure to keep in 18 fathom water or more also coming from the westward you must come no nearer than East by North keeping your self in the aforesaid depth Many have been deceived coming from Dunness which steered East by North and E. N. E. not regarding that the latter part of the tyde sets into the Isle of Wight which were brought on the Owers unexpectedly If you are acquainted with them you may sayl to the northwards between them and the Land The Black-Rocks From St. Hellens-point Black-Rock being the eastermost Point of the Isle of Wight runneth off a Riff E. N. E. two miles into the Sea called the Black-Rocks when Calver-Cliff is hid behind the North-east Point of the Island then are you within this Riff come no nearer it than in seven or eight fathom The Horse Within the foresaid Riff in the Fair-way Horse between the Island and the Main lyeth a Shoal called the Horse The Marks for it are when South-sea Castle and a square Steeple within the Land are both in one then are you thwart it The Mark to go clear Marks is to keep Portsmouth Castle on the West side of the Wood this Mark will carry you between the Horse and the Main on it at low water you will have but ten foot About it is good shoaling come therefore no nearer it than in five or six fathoms When St. Helens Church bears S.W. by West from you then the South-east end of the Horse bears North-east by North
and the North end North by East from you Nomans-Land Eastwards from the Point of the Road of Newport Nomans-Land lyeth a broad Sand called Nomans-Land which falleth almost dry at low-water it is so steep that half a Cables length from it is twelve fathoms deep When the Town of Ride and the Wind-mill which standeth S. S. W. from it are both in one then are you thwart the midst of it If you come so near the Shoar that the Wind-mills on the High-land of Wight be hid with the Land then will you be aground against it but as long as they are open you need not fear The Brambles Betwixt Cowes-Road and Calshot-Castle Brambles lyeth a hard Shoal nearest the North Shore in the Fair-way called the Brambles and reacheth as far thwart as Newport at low-water and Spring-tydes it falleth almost dry then you may know it by the Sea breaking over it To avoid it keep close to the Isle until you come into Cowes-Road The Swing-hills West about a mile from Hurst-Castle Swing-Hills lyeth the North Point of the Swing-hills which you must be very careful to keep clear of that sayl in or out at the Needles for the Flood setteth on the Needles and the Ebb on the said Swing-hills Therefore if you go out on the Ebb you must lie off South or South by West In sayling in at the Needles you must come within a Cables length of them to avoid the foresaid Shoal where you will have five fathom at low-water The Eddystone Two leagues South Eddystone a little easterly from Ram-head lyeth a Rock above-water called Eddystone It lyeth from the Point of Plymouth N. N. E. distant about four leagues being alwayes above water Sunken-Rocks in Plymouth-Sound In the Sound of Plymouth 〈…〉 Sound not far to the northward of the Manstone lie two or three sunken Rocks on which is at low-water not above three fathoms The Marks for them are these To the eastwards of Plymouth standeth a Tower called Mount-Batten with a Mill and to the eastwards of Drakes-Island standeth a House called Mount-Edgcomb when the Turret thereof cometh over the Point on the West side of the Island and Mount-Batten and the Mill come one in the other then are you upon the innermost Sunken-Rock which bath on it four fathom at low-water But when the Point of Hamose cometh without the Point to the westward of the Island and the foresaid Tower and Mill one in the other then are you on the outermost Rock where is at low-water and Spring-tydes three fathom and a half The Manacles To the northwards of the eastermost Point of the Lizard The Manacles betwixt Hilford and the foresaid Point lie some Rocks a league and half from the Shore called the Manacles South by East from the Harbour of Falmouth and E. N. E. from the Point many whereof do appear at low-water at some of them at high betwixt them and the Shore it is very foul and rocky so that you cannot 〈◊〉 through betwixt them without great danger 〈◊〉 you come out of Falmouth and are bound to the â—â—â—twards you must not come near the South than S. S. E. and South-east by South according as the Wind shall be for to run clear of the foresaid Rocks A Sunken-Rock near the Lands-end About a league West from the Lands end A sunken Rock near the Lands-end and half a league without the Land lyeth a sunken Rock which is dry at low-water Thwart of the Rock standeth a Church upon the Land which when you can but see over the high Land then are you thwart the said Rock But when the Church is hid behind the Land that you cannot see it then are you nearer the Land than the Rock so may you go through betwixt it and the Land but keeping the Church open of the Land then are you clear without it The Long-ships At the Lands end of England lies the Long-ships Long-ships you may run within them as well to the northwards as to the southwards of them and come to an anchor in eight or nine fathoms coming in there from the southwards it is narrowest but ten fathom Close to the North Point of the Lands-end lyeth also a sunken Rock which you must avoid when you sayl in there The Seven-stones Between the Lands-end and Silly Seven-Stones lie the Seven-stones West and West by South almost four leagues from the Lands-end and N. E. by East and E. N. E. almost three leagues from Silly which is a range of Rocks that appear not above-water but you may see it break over them The Gulf. S.S.W. S.W. by South 3 leagues from the Lands-end and five leagues East from Silly lyeth a sharp Rock called the Gulf which cometh at half-flood above water and is round about indifferent clean A Table of the Soundings coming into the Channel according to the respective Bearings and Distances of several Places viz. Silly Seams Ushant c. Shewing also the Nature of the Ground Names Bearings Distan Depth Latit Nature of the Ground     G. M.  Silly North. 10 or 12 65 49 15 Broken Shells with white and red Sand. Silly E. N. E. 7 60 49 15 Some black Sand. Silly E. N. E. 16 or 20 80 49 15 A kind of Rocky Ground Silly E. by N. 14 or 16 72 49 15 A Peppery Sand with yellow Sand amongst it Silly E. by N. 7 or 5 72 49 15 Oazy like to Mustard-seed with broken Shells amongst it Silly E. N. E. 8 60 49 15 Black Sand. Silly E. N. E. 7 60 49 30 Small Sand. Silly N. E. by E. 20 or 22 85 49 10 Sand and Owse together Silly N. E. by E. 10 55 49 20 Small white and red Sand with Shells amongst it like Nits Silly N. E. by N. 10 57 49 20 Small red Sand. Silly E. by N. 14 or 16 72 48 50 Sand somewhat peppery black and yellow Silly N. E. by E. 50 100 49 50 White Sand with Owse and Nits amongst it Silly N. W. 4 or 5 50 50 10 Branny Sand and black Sand amongst it as it were Nits and many black and broken Shells Silly E. by S. 8 58 50 12 Owsey Sand and some of St. Jame's Shells amongst it Silly S. S. E. 5 45 50 12 White Sand Shells amongst it Silly E. by N. 25 72 49 50 Stones black white and red with Owse amongst it Silly N. E. by E. 25 64 49 50 Branny Sand and Shells white and red like grains of Meal Silly N. E. by E. 6 48 49 10 Black Sand. Silly E. N. E. 7 60 49 40 Black Sand. Silly South 5 50 50 20 Branny Sand as big as Wheat-meal Silly N. E. 10 65 49 40 Small branny Sand Herring-bones and small stones as it were Nettles Silly N. N. W. 33 77 48 52 Red Sand and Shells amongst it Silly N. W. by N. 7 54 49 40 Some more Shells the Lizard N. E. distance 18 leagues
N. W. 5 45   Gray Sand like the flower of Oatmeal  N. W. 3 43   Mashey shells and some stones Lizard W. by N. 4 â— 40   White mashey shells and white stones Lizard W. N. W. between 3 4 45   Small shingly stones and mashey brown shells Lizard W. by S.      Falmouth N. W. by N. 30 41   Black gravelly ground with some small stones Manacles W. N. W.      Deadman N. W. by N. 30 37   Small redish gravel some small shells with small stones Rambead North. 10 46   Like the dust of a Grind-stone with many Hakes teeth and some shells  North. 1 mile 35   Dirty brown Sand and some Hakes teeth Edystone West 2 mile 34   Dirty brown Sand.  South 1 mile 26   Fine Sand and within this 28 and 30 fathom Deadman N. E. by N. 5 43   Fine gray Sand.  N. N. E. 3 30   Fishing ground the offermost ground as above said but the two nethermost Soundings black and shingly stones and gravel Lonland North. 5 mile 27     North. â— mile 18    Between Boult and Salcome One mile thwart off  26   Shingly ground with some shells  N. by E. Northerly 8 â— 40   Like the dust of a Grind-stone with Hakes teeth and shells and fine white Sand. Start N. W. Westerly       N. W. by W. 4 â— 43    Start N. W. by N. 3 38   Gravelly Sands small stones and some shells  N. W. westerly 12 38   Reddish shells mashed as if beaten in a Morter fine white Sand scollop shells and small stones  N. W. by W. 14 42    Berry N. by W. 3 27   Fine black peppery Sand.  N. W. by N. 4 35    Portland N. E. by E. 8 35   Small shingly stones as big as Pease  North. 8 40   Stremy ground small stones  N. by E. 5 ½ 33   With some black Sand. Portland N. E. by N. 11 41   Fine Sand and scollop shells  N. N. E. 8 40   Fine Sand scollop shells and small shingly stones Gaâ—nsey S. E. by E. 5 42   Shingly stones as big as Pease Caskets South 6 40   Shingly stones and scollop shells St. Albton N. by E. 5 28   Stony ground dents in the Tallow and nothing come up but brown Sand that will crumble between your fingers  N. by W. 4 27    Portland N. E. by E. 2 27   Shingly ground  W. N. W. 2 20   Small stones Needles N. E. by E. 2 17   Great shingly ground  N. E. casterly 2 ½ 19   Small shingly ground  N. E. 2 13   Rocky ground The Body of the Isle of Wight Donnose Needles N. by W. 3 20     E. by N. 4 21   All the ground from St. Albions to the East end of the Wight is chalkie it will make dents in the Tallow and nothing come up but blown Sand in rowls which will crumble in your fingers  N. by E. 3 18     North. 3 18     N. by W.      Donnose W. by S. 4 16   Sand and Gravel a kind of fishing-ground rough ground some big stones take notice that the Sand Gravel is for 21 fathom  West 4 21    Donnose W. N. W. 8 33   Fishing ground somewhat red with some stones as big as Pease and some as Beans  W. by N. 6 26    Arundel N. by W. 3 ½ 16   Gravelly ground Beachy N. E. 5 38   Gravel and shingly stony ground like blew Slates broken in pieces  N. F 4 32    Beachy E. by N. 4 31   Gravelly shingly small ground Beachy N. N. E. 3 30   Gravelly Sand.  North. 3 33   Gravelly mixt with black Sand.  N. by W. 3 23   Gravelly Sand with some small stones Beachy E. by N.  15   Gravelly ground Arundel North.  15     E. northerly      Beachy And Sboram 8 17   Gravelly Sand.  N. by E.      Beachy N. W. by W. 4 21   Gross black Stones Fairlee N. by E. 3 20   Gravelly Sand with some shells  Northerly 4 27   Red shingly Sand with some shells Fairlee N. N. W. 4 20   Fine fishing ground and sometimes you shall have five Fingers stick on the Tallow   3 16    Fairlee N. by W. 8 10   Gravelly Sand upon a Bank called the Sow our Fishermen fish near it    12    Fairlee N. W. 3 17   Gravelly Sand with small shingly stones Fairlee N. W. westerly 3 ½    Soft owsie ground not to be perceived and nothing upon the Tallow but their Sounding is but one place not above 2 casts Dungeness N. by W. 2 ½ 17    Dungeness N. by E. 1 mile 18   Shingly ground with small stones and some times small shells amongst it  N. by W. 2 mile 21    Dungeness N. W. 2 ½ 22   Very fine white Sand.   3 23    Blackness  2 28   Stony ground Calice-Cliff East     Rough ground Balloin E. by S. 2    The same ground Staples E. by N. 3 27   Fine Sand.  And East      Flats E. by S. 4 29   Slate and fine Sand.  E. S. E.      Free-port S. E. 2 ½ 16 or 18   Stony ground  S. E. by E. 3     Deep Between  14   Great stones  S. E. 4 15     S. E. by E.  16    A Description of the Banks Sands Shoals and Dangers upon the Coast of Flanders Zealand Holland Friezland c. from Calice to the River Elve Blackness ABout a great league to the westwards of Calice-Cliff lyeth Blackness being a foul out-point and to the southward alought the Shore there lyeth many Rocks and foul ground New-Land The New-Land is a Bank that lyeth alongst the Shore to the westwards of the Haven of Graveling and runneth far into the Sea and reacheth westward unto Calice you may run alongst by it or over it in 5 4 and 3 fathom at pleasure A Bank Thwart from the wester Head of Calice lyeth
Schieringhalls is a Sand that lyeth along by the Fly-land there being a Channel between them but not navigable on the N. E. side standeth five Beacons and on the East point thereof which is four mile and a half S.S.E. half easterly from the Fly-land lyeth a Buoy about three Cables length S. E. from which lyeth another on the side of this Sand which lyeth South standeth six Beacons it being five miles in length then it runneth S. W. by West 4 miles from thence N. W. by West 6 mile from whence it goeth N. W. being concave four mile which Point is called the Pan from which it runneth by the aforesaid Fly land to the first Beacon which course is E.N.E. almost 4 leagues the said Point or Pau lyeth from the West end of Eyerland S.S.E. a great mile Bree-Sand Bree-sand is separated from Schieringhals with a small Channel from the Buoy on the tayl of the foresaid Sand to Claes-Owens Beacon the course is S. S. E. distant four miles and a half between which you will have 40 and 48 fathom from which to a Beacon that stands on the Hook of this Sand the course is S. S. E. a mile from which Beacon to the tayl of the Sand the course is South three great leagues in which space on the edge of the Sand there standeth four Beacons from which tayl it runneth N. E. by East about two leagues rounding about until it run North which will bring you to a Buoy on the N. W. corner not above half a mile from the South Point of the Shieringhals Langer-Sand Langer-sand hath on the North side of the Head of it three Buoys which lie one from the other S. E. by South and N. W. by West This Sand lyeth within the Island Grind and the N. E. side of Bree-sand the East side is distant from Harling half a mile Hendrick-Traerts Plat. Hendrick-Traerts Plat is a Shoal which lyeth off from the Island Grind having a Buoy at the South Point of it being distant not above two Cables length from Langer-sand the East Point hereof runneth from the Island about 2 mile being distant from Harling N. E. by North a mile and half Schorre-Ground Schorre-ground lyoth without between the Schelling and Fly-land and falleth dry at low-water on either side of it you have 30 40 and 60 fathom within it on the North end of the Fly-land lyeth another dry Plat which extendeth it self from the Shore about two mile between this and the foresaid Plat Westerbâ—ems-Gat goeth the Westerbooms-Gat to the southward of those are two other Plats but there is Buoys and Marks to direct you clear of them all The Abdt. The Abdt is a Sand which lyeth within the Schelling there is a Channel but not navigable it is two mile distant from the Land and about a mile from the Grind. Camper-Sand Camper-sand lyeth between the Schelling and Ameland distant from Friesland about a mile which falleth almost all dry at low-water between it and the Horse goeth a Channel called Cromme Born-Riff Born-Riff is a Sand which lyeth without Camper-sand between which goeth the Channel called Ameland-Gat Ameland-Gat where there are Buoys to carry you through The Watt. The Watt is a Sand which lyeth on the South side of Rottum Wester-Emes on the East side thereof goeth up the Weser-Emes in which Channel there lyeth a little Sand called Hubers-Plaet at the tayl whereof lyeth a Buoy on the South side stand four Beacons from the westermost Beacon you may direct your course West and sayl into the Channel which goeth up to Eastmerhorn Ruyt-Sand From the going in of the Wester-Emes all alongst the Coast of grâ—eninger-Grâ—eninger-land there lyeth a Flat a great league from the Shore on the East side viz. in the Wester-Emes there lyeth many Buoys and Beacons against the second Buoy above Hubers-Plant lyeth the point of a Sand where a Swatch goeth in on each side which Sand is called Ruyt-sand on whose Point standeth a Beacon Ransel Ransel is a Shoal which lyeth on the South side of Borcom and runneth S. E. five miles on the S. E. end of it standeth four Beacons the Western and Eastern-Emes go upon each side of it at the Point of Borcom lyeth two small Sands the one called Brewers-Plaet whereon standeth a Buoy the other the back of Hogebeern whereon standeth a Beacon near the S. E. end on the said side lyeth another small Sand called Cornix-Plaet where there is a Buoy to direct you clear of it On the West side of the said Island of Borcom runneth off a Shoal West three leagues and a half Borcom-Riff and the outmost end whereof you have four and five fathom on the South side of the Point hereof lyeth a little Sand called Geltsack between which at your first entrance you will have five fathom and at the going in of the Wester-Emes eight fathom Scuyt-Sand Scuyt-sand is a Shoal which lyeth on the Coast of Emderland from Greitzyl unto Betroen on the North side hereof standeth four Beacons Leysand Leysand beginneth at Groetzyl and runneth alongst the said Coast of Emderland until you come to Westerbreeck on the eastermost Beacon which standeth on Scuyt-sand there runneth in a small Channel which runneth down to Norden on the North side thereof at the entrance standeth also four Beacons to direct you through Bandt Bandt is a Flat which joyneth to Juyst and runneth as far as the little Island Bursen and runneth along by the Easter-Emes South two leagues on which side there are many Swatches at the South-west corner of it there is a small Island whereon standeth two Beacons to direct you through from the Easter to the Wester-Emes On the South side of this Sand standeth also four Beacons to direct you through a Channel which goeth between Lâ—ysand and it from the North-west side of the Island Juyst runneth off a Riff called Juyster-Riff three leagues West into the Sea Juyster-Riff whereon you have three fathom at the end hereof is the entrance in of the Emes Watt. The Watt is a Shoal which beginneth at the Voer and endeth at Westerbreeck joyning every where to the Shore wherein are many Swatches without which there are Shoals belonging to every Island viz. Norderny Baltrum Langerâ—â—gh Spikerâ—â—gh and Wrangerâ—ogh where are Channels going in between every one of them and also a Channel between the Watt and them on the in-side of Wrangeroog on the side of its Shoal standeth eight Beacons called the Beacons of Wadt and also on the North-west side lyeth two Buoys likewise On the East side of the said Watt standeth six Beacons to direct you up Stonebalg The Old-Doge The Old-Ooge is a Sand which lyeth on the East side of Watt distant a mile and half by the North Point hereof runneth up the Channel called the Weser Rode-Sand Rode-sand lyeth North-east from Wrangeroog almost two leagues it lyeth in the Sea North-west by West and South-east by East in length four miles and a half on
the North-east end is the going up the Weser where lyeth three Buoys and on the North-west end standeth a Beacon The Hooge The Hooge is a great Flat which joyneth to the Land of Languarden being seven mile in breadth running from the said Point North-west four leagues where it endeth with a Tayl called Smits-tayl on the North side hereof lyeth many Buoys which is the Weser-Channel Weser and in this side are many Swatches The South-Grounds The South-Grounds are great Flats which lie in all alongst the Coast of reydinger-Reydinger-Land in some places distant from the Shore about four leagues on the South-west side of it goeth up the Weser this is called Black-ground on the North-west side called Witteground whereon goeth many Swins or Channels viz. Broad-Channel the South Channel of Wester-Till the North-broad Channel of Easter-Till on the North-side called New-work-ground by it goeth in the Channel called the Elve 〈◊〉 2. where lie many Buoys to direct you up Here also runneth in another Swin called Emder-Channel Lâ—â—derhaeuicl about a league from the North-west point hereof lyeth a small Sand called Middle-sand at the North-west end of it lyeth a Buoy which is distant from the middle-buoy on Rode-sand about two mile between which goeth in the Channel of the Weser North-Ground North-Ground lyeth on the North side of the Elve from the South side hereof runneth off a Sand called Vogel-sand West five leagues into the Sea on the Tayl thereof you will have first three fathom and a half then five afterwards seven eight nine and ten fathom On the South side goeth in the Elve on the North side the North-Elve From the West side hereof a Flat called the North-Ground whereon there is seven and eight fathom on the South side of this Sand lyeth also a Shoal called New-ground having a Buoy at the West end of it between the North-Ground and the Shore lyeth a great Shoal running off from the Shore at least two leagues the North-east corner of the North-Ground is distant from Busen a mile Hodemer-Sand Iseren Hendrick and Blavoort Hodemer-sand lyeth on the North side of North-Ground between which goeth a small Channel called the Pype on the East side there is another small Channel called the Pype going into the Elve on this side of the Sand standeth two Beacons on the North side hereof lyeth a Sand called Iseren-Hendrick between these goeth the Channel called the North-Pipe from the said Hendrick runneth off a Sand to the westward called Blavoort beging in length four mile and a half from this runneth off a Tayl West 3 leagues whereon there is two and three fathom and is called the Tayl of the Plaet Blavoort on the North side hereof runneth in the Channel of the Eyder Eyâ—â— where lie Booys to direct you through Ballast-Plaet Ballast-Plaet runneth off from Schulper-Zill into the Eyder-Channel on the North-east side whereof standeth three Beacons from whence it runneth alongst the Coast of Ditmarschen until you come to Busen in which there are many Swins on the West corner standeth a Beacon and on the North-west side lie three Buoys New-Ground or Broad-Rug New-ground is a Sand which lyeth on the North side of the Eyder-Channel on the South-west side whereof stand four Beacons from the eastermost Beacon called the Hulk to the westermost Beacon of the Ballast-Plaet the course is East by North a mile between this Sand and the Shore goeth a small Channel the westermost end hereof is called Broad-Rug New-Grounds New-grounds are three Sands which lie on the West side of Eyder-land not above three Cables length from the Shore at Ebb between these and the southermost goeth a Channel called Oudeland-deep Oudeland-deep in the northermost is a small Island called Utto these Sands lie off in the Sea two leagues The Quade The Quade is a Sand which lyeth on the South side of the Hever distant from East-Hever West by North five mile on this Sand standeth two Beacons on the South side of this Sand goeth in a Channel South-Channel called South-Channel East three mile from this lyeth a Sand with two other Beacons on it Nuval Elan and Gorde Nubal Elan and Gorde are broken Grounds which lie about the Island Strant from which there runneth out Shoals on every side of the said Island The Voren The Voren is a Shoal which encompasseth the Island Ameren and St. Jans making a Channel between them and Strant called Small-deep on the North-cast side thereof runneth another small Channel which is caused by a Shoal which runneth off from the Shore on the North side of which runneth up a Channel to Luck-Tonderen Silter-Riff Silters-Riff runneth off from the South Point of the Island Silt running off S. S. W. four leagues on the East side of it runneth the Channel called Silter-deep Silte-deep on the North end of the Island lyeth four A Chart of FLANDERS Between Calm and Walcheren will all the sands and shoals upon that coast by John Seller Hydrog Regiis A Chart of the SANDS CHANNELS BUOYES BEACONS AND SEA-MARKS upon the coast of ENGLAND From Dover to the Northwards of Orfordness by John Seller Hydrographer to the King Sands between them and the Land goeth up Land-deep there goeth up also another Channel called New-deep Rust and the Land being on one side and the Maker Berling-sand and Haef-sand on the other Coer-Sand and Iurt-Sand This Sand reacheth on the Coast from Ripen to Lutke Tondo running off so far until it encompasseth the Island Mann and Rem between which Islands on the Sand standeth a Beacon Phann Knuts Phanu-Knuts is a Shoal from the North-west Head of Phanu by which goeth in a Channel called Graeuwdeep on the North side of which Channel near the Point of Langeleg Wisdick lyeth a small Sand called VVisdycksand Also at the South end of the Island Phanu betwixt Manu and it wherein there is some broken ground on the South side of this Sand lie two Buoys within Phanu on the Shore of Jutland from Ripen to Holm-head running a mile from the Shore Riefhorn Rief-born runneth off from Horn from whence it taketh its name West by South eighteen leagues whereon you have three four and five fathom a league to the northward of it lyeth another small Shoal seven leagues in length on the South side of it near the Shore lyeth a small Sand called Doel-sand Docl-sand on the North side close to the Shore lyeth another small Shoal called the Uyl Uyl Iutland-Riff Jutland-Riff is a great Shoal which runneth many leagues West by North into the Sea whereon you will have 10 12 16 18 20 fathom c. Directions for sayling into the Harbours and Channels on the Coast of Holland and Zealand from Ameland to the Weilings Shewing the Marks and Depths of Water for Piloting a Ship through any of them Ameland-Gat TWO leagues to the eastwards of the Schelling lyeth Ameland lying E. N. E. and W. S. W. 4 great leagues upon the
you please before the Town in four five six or seven fathom-water or you may go further into the Bight for it is every where clean Other directions to sayl into Harwich The Mark in this Channel to sayl into Harwich is to keep the top of Harwich Steeple half way betwixt the Fire-beacon on Harwich and the North end of the Cliff or the lower Light-house a little open of the North end of Harwich Cliff and so sayl in N. N. W. keeping those marks so till you come within half a mile of Harwich Cliff then bear to the North-eastwards so far till you bring the body of the Church open to the northwards of the Cliff then edge toward Land-guard-Fort till you bring both the Light-houses in one then run in with them so till you see your self within the South Point of the Andrews which you shall know by having Bawdsey Church open and shut on the Land to the Southwards of Bawdsey or if there be any Sea or half-tyde the Andrews is plain to be seen then you must edge near to the Beach where the Fort stands to shun the Altar another Shoal that lyeth directly against the Fort. To sayl out of Harwich In the North Channel you may sayl out as is before described in the going in till you come without the Fort then bring the two Light-houses into one and so sayl out till you bring the Steeple open of the Land to the southward of Bawdsey-Cliff then are you clear of the Andrews and Ridge then steer North-east by East until you bring Harwich-Church on the North side of a black House called the Brew-house which stands a little to the northward of Landguard-Fort keeping them marks so standing until you bring Bawdsey-Church open a little to the northward of the North end of Bawdsey-Cliff then are you open of the Sledway Between Alborough and Dunwich half way lyeth a Wood which is high at both ends and the midst low in form of a Saddle this you shall commonly see first when you fall with the Land thereabouts and is the best to know the Coast 〈◊〉 for the Land without and to the southwards is very low and shingly ground about two leagues to the southward of Alborough lyeth Orfordness between them both there standeth two Woods which sheweth at a distance like Castles and Towers on Orfordness standeth a flat Steeple and a broad Castle which hath also a thick flat Steeple almost in fashion like the Steeple of Ranop open above with Holes in it like Bell-holes before Dunwich you may anchor there is good lying in eight or nine fathom water somewhat soft ground Before Alborough is the best Road of all the Coast thereabouts in six or seven fathom To know Bawdsey Oasly and Alterton Churches Bawdsey-Church is the highest and biggest Steeple being flat at top as the others are it stands to the south-wards of all the rest a mile from the Shore Oasly-Church hath a flat large Steeple but is lower than the other two and stands a mile to the northwards of Bawdsey-Steeple three quarters of a mile from the Sea Alterton-Steeple stands to the northwards of Oasly-Church a mile and a half it is a very high square Steeple but much smaller than the other two and stands about a mile from the Sea To sayl out of the Sledway to the North-Foreland First Bring the North end of Bawdsey-Cliff North-West from you then shall you see a flat Steeple right with a Cliff which you must keep on or a little open of the Cliff-end until you bring Beamont-Tree on the Naze-land W. N. W. and then you may steer South-East or South-east by South if the Wind serves having not less water than seven or eight fathom and when you have laid the Netherland to water you may sound for the Kentish-Knock and come no nearer it than 8 or 9 fathom as the Wind and Tyde serves and being about the Knock you may go S. S. W. as you see occasion To sayl out at the back-side of the Gun-fleet If you will sayl out at the back-side of the Gunfleet being in the Sleds in seven fathom borrow on the West-Rocks in four or five fathom steering S. S. W. or South-west by West but go not to the southwards of five fathoms till you be over the tayl of the Rocks and when you are over the Rocks you shall have seven or eight fathom but go not without eight fathom on the West side and borrow on the Gunfleet in six or seven fathom going South-west by South or South-west till you come up to the Spits or as you see occasion To sayl by the Naze to the Northwards From the Eagle to the Naze you may borrow to the Shore and the course is N. E. by North or N. N. E. to go by the Naze you must bring Harwich-steeple unto the East part of the Saddle in the Cliff-end be sure you shut not St. Hellen into the Naze before you bring the Steeple into the Saddle and so you may steer with the Steeple until you bring the Dove-house with the Naze or the Naze-end unto a Tree on the lower end of the Hedge-row that is to the southward of the House and being in one then may you have your other marks and steer to the eastward keeping the House and Tree in one and more to the southward of the Hedge-row in the lower end of the Field a stones cast from the Hedge is a lively Tree or great Bush which you may bring into a Tree between two high Trees that are to the southward of the House and these marks you may keep in one steering North-east by North keeping Harwich-steeple open of the East end of the Cliff and then you may bear in with the Harbour but the best water is when the Steeple is on the Hommock between the Beacon and the Cliff and so steer to the northwards as you please To sayl clear of Alborough-Knapes East from Alborough two leagues lyeth Alborough-Knapes which is a Sand that at low-water is not deeper than seven or eight foot you may sound round about it in five fathom but it is not good to come nearer with Sea-winds you may discern it plainly by the breaking of the Sea but with northerly and westerly winds the Sea breaks not at all upon it if it be fair weather he that runneth by it to the northwards with an Ebb shall see it ripple much upon it likewise upon most of the English Bank and indeed not upon the Banks but against them for upon the shoalest of them is alwayes the smoothest water as experience teacheth every where When as Alborough is West from you and the two Steeples of Orforness one in the other there you shall find Albôrough-Knapes These are sure marks of that Sand. To sayl to the westward of the Whiting-Sand The Whiting is somewhat a small long Sand lying to the southward of Orfordness and the shingly ground to the southward of Alborough lyeth alongst the Reach but the
and Harwich and Orfordness a S.S.E. Moon maketh high-water without the Banks of Yarmouth and before Cromer a South-east Moon maketh high-water Between the Banks of Harwich and the Holms of Yarmouth it floweth South and Ebbs North. Thwart of the Banks of Winterton and Cromer it flows S.S.E. and ebbs N.N.W. Of the Tydes and setting of the Currents From the North-Foreland the Flood runs to the Reculvers and over the Brakes W.S.W. and West by South Without about the Goodwin towards the Kentish-Knock the Flood falleth North by West and N.N.W. There cometh also a flood from the northwards and meet one another by the Galloper with a very great ripling and noise from which this Bank is called the Galloper and setteth to the westwards into the Sands and Channels and also to the Eastward toward Flanders Between the North-Foreland and Oxfordness the Stream setteth S.S.E. When you are to the northward of the Galloper and can reckon no other Ebb than that which runneth along England to the Northwards the Streams fall there all alongst the Coast To the Southward of the Galloper the Ebb setteth to the Southward and the Flood to the Northward Courses and Distances of Places from the North-Foreland to Cocquet-Island From the North-Foreland to the North end of the Goodwin the course is East by South a league and half From the North-Foreland to the Kentish Knock North by East and N.N.E. 4 or 5 leagues From thence to Orfordness North 12 leagues From the Foreland to the Galloper N. E. by North 9 leagues From the Galloper to Orfordness N.N.W. 10 leagues From Alborough to Covehith North by East 5 leagues From Covehith to Leystaff North 2 leagues and a half From Leystaff to Yarmouth South 3 leagues From Winterton to Haseborough 2 leagues and a half From Yarmouth to Winterton N.N.W. 2 leagues and a half From Cromer to Blakney N.N.W. 3 or 4 leagues From Blakney to Bornham to sayl through within the Sand West 6 leagues and a half From Bornham to chappel-Chappel-Land W.S.W. 2 leagues and a half From chappel-Chappel-Land to Boston-Knock or the North Point of Boston-Deep N.W. by North 5 leagues From thence to the Spurn North and North by West 6 leagues and a half From the Spurn to Flamborough-head N. N. W. 9 leagues Thwart Courses over Sea From the North-Foreland to Flushing East somewhat northerly about 26 leagues and a half From the Foreland to the Mase E.N.E. or somewhat easterly 33 leagues From the Foreland to the Texel or the Mase-deep N.E. 45 leagues From the Naze or Harwich to the Maze East 29 leagues From Orfordness to the Texel E.N.E. 37 leagues From Yarmouth or Leystaff to Walcheren or the Weilings S. E. and S. E. by South 39 leagues From the Point of Cromer or Shield to the Texel East 41 leagues From the Spurn to the Texel East by South and E.S.E. 59 leagues From Tinmouth to Scutness N. E. 103 leagues From Tinmouth to the Naze in Norway N. E. by East somewhat easterly 102 leagues From Tinmouth to the Scaw E.N.E. 135 leagues From Tinmouth to Holy-Island East by South somewhat easterly 106 leagues A Table shewing what Moon maketh full Sea and Setting of the Tydes upon the North-Coast of England and Scotland The Names of the Coasts and Head-lands What Moon maketh full Sea How the Tyde sets by the Land How the Tyde sets seven leagues off the Land How the Tyde sets nine leagues off the Land and in the midst of the Channel At the Kentish-Knock Long-sand-head South-South-East And South by East South-South-East South by East South by West At Harwich Orfordness and Haven S.E. by S. S.S.E. S.E. by South North and South S. S. W. Yarmouth-Road and Haven S. E. by South And S. S. E. S. S. E. North and South South by West Winterton Cromer and Blakney E. S. E. East by South S. E. by East E. S. E. South by East E. S. E. S.S.E. and S. by E. South-East Humber-mouth Lin and Boston-deeps East and West East by South E. S. E. S. W. and N.E. Flamborough-head and Bridlington W. S. W. East and West West by North. S. E. by South Directions for Piloting a Ship from the Point of the Hope over the Flats to the Downs and from thence to the westward alongst the Coast of England as far as Silly shewing the Marks for going into the most Eminent Harbours With a perfect Tyde-Table shewing what time it is full Sea in all these Ports and how long and upon what Point of the Compass the Tyde runneth in the Channel Directions for sayling from Tilbury-Hope down to the Buoy of the Nower VVHen you break ground from Tilbury-Hope if the wind be southerly keep the South Shore close aboard but be careful of Blith-sand which lyeth close to the Kentish-shore and accordingly observe these Marks to carry you clear of it Hopeness If in the day time keep the Steeple of Tilbury-Church a great Sayls breadth without Hopeness alias Sands-head-point If in the night or hazy-weather keep your Lead and come not within five fathom at low-water and seven at high-water and that depth will carry you clear without Blith-sand Blith-sand and will lead you down to the Nower-head But if the Wind be northerly then you must keep the North Shore which is steep too until you come as low as Hole-haven and so keeping the Soundings aforesaid you may run down to the Nower where you may come to an anchor at the East end thereof Marks The Marks for to keep you clear of the Sands is to bring Prickelwel-steeple a Sayls breadth to the eastwards of the Wood that is on the North Shore by the Water-side and there you may come to an Anchor To sayl from the Buoy of the Nower to Sheerness up the West-Swale First You must steer South-west by West then W.S.W. till you bring open a low Point upon the Isle of Graen called Black-stakes whereon standeth two little Houses Keep this Point and Sheer-ness one in another and you will sayl in the best of the Channel till you come to the Ness where you will find ten fathom close to it Cant. you may borrow upon the Cant in four or five fathom until you come within half a mile to the eastward of the Fort upon Sheerness Sheerness from whence runs off a Shoal about a Cables length of which care must be taken of not coming too near the Shore Being within the Ness you may come to an anchor where you please only the East side is all flar having but 1 2 3 and 4 fathom at low-water The South side of the Nower-sand is steep too Nower in nine and ten fathom close to the Sand and also near to the Ness is steep too in 10 11 and 12 fathom For to sayl into Quinborough If you be coming down the River of Thames and bound for Quinborough or the River of Medway and being come to the East end of the Nower-sand run down to the
a Cables length off the Shore thwart lyeth a sunken Rock called the Woolman Woolman The leading Mark to go clear of it is two Rocks which lie on the West side within the Haven the one to wit the innermost is somewhat greater than the other if you bring them one in the other or the northermost a little open to the eastward of the other so as that you may see between them keeping them so sayl right in then you need not fear the Woolman Remember that you ride not too near the Island for it is all foul ground but upon Crow-sand and between that and the northermost Rock is clear ground then the Point of St. Maries will bear from you E. S. E. and the Broad-Sound will be open from the South-west by West to the West by South but if you will ride near the North-Rock you shall have it but two Points open St. Maries Sound close but then you shall not get out of St. Maries Sound if the Wind blow at South-west Smiths-Sound is very dangerous except a man be forced to it I would advise him not to make use of the Channel there is water enough but it is very narrow keep therefore in the middle of it it lyeth North-west The Ground of Silly is somewhat stony and some red Shells in it Directions for sayling in the Channel betwixt England and France in thick and dark Weather If you be sure by your reckoning height and depth that you are entred into the Channel to the eastward of the Lizard be not fearful but bear over to the English Shore so that the Wind be at S. S. W. or South by West until you come to 45 or 46 fathom then steer away E.N.E. and East by North and steering so and keeping your Lead when you come to be thwart of the Start you shall have 44 or 43 fathom and fine white Sand then are you between 4 and 5 leagues from the Shore but to be the more certain where you are when you come to this white Sand steer away E.N.E. keeping your Lead every hour at least until you come to 35 fathom black peppery Sand then you are right and may boldly say that you are some four leagues off the Berry it bearing from you N. W. by North then steer away East by North still wetting your Lead and when you come to be thwart of Lime you shall have 33 fathom fishing ground and still steering East by North before you come near Portland in the same depth your ground will be somewhat red like unto green Lime Ballast continue your course East by North and when you come near unto Portland the ground will be small shingle stones and thwart of Portland the stones will be as big as Reans or Pease and 32 or 33 fathom then are you between 3 and 4 leagues and still continuing your course it will carry you so far without Donnose or the Isle of Wight thwart of St. Albans you shall have 27 fathom and thwart of the Body of the Wight 20 fathom and thwart of Donnose 18 fathom and so the Owers Note That all the Coast between St. Albons and the Owers there will be little or nothing come up only dents in the Tallow and some blown Sand that will crumble between your fingers but continuing your course so soon as you are past the Owers you shall deepen your water to 26 or 30 fathom small gravelly Sand and fishing Ground and coming towards Beachy or thwart of Shorum in your course you shall have 36 fathom and near thwart of Beachy 33 fathom then steer away E. N. E. being by your judgment past Beacby then edge or bear over to the Coast of England still keeping your Lead till you come to 20 18 or 16 fathom as the Wind is and being in 16 fathom steer away E. N. E. and that Birth will carry you a fair Birth off the Ness yet although you be in thirteen fathom your course will carry you without the Ness and when you draw near unto the Ness you will find eighteen or twenty fathom shingly Ground and continuing still this course you will come to have 22 fathom fine white Sand then you may be sure you are to the eastward of the Ness and may steer away North-east and North-east by North with the said Foreland or edge into the Shore in 10 11 or 12 fathom and that depth will lead you along the Coast and will carry you unto the Downs but coming to be past the South-Foreland you must borrow upon the Land into six or seven fathom But if you would pass through on the back side of the Goodwin from 22 fathom fine white Sand steer North-east and North-east by East â— or keep your self in eighteen fathom and you go without the Sand fourteen fathom goes right with it Note That between Foulstone and the North-sand-head the Ground is all one Thus sheweth the Land on the West-Coasts of England from the Downs to Silly Thus sheweth Dover when you sayl to the westwards of the Vane or Ripraps Thus sheweth the North-Foreland when you sayl towards it from the Downs Thus sheweth Fairlee when you sayl by it Thus sheweth Fairlee when you sayl from the westwards Thus sheweth Beachy when you sayl from the West Thus sheweth Beachy with the seven Clifts when you sayl by them coming from the West Thus sheweth the Island Wight when you sayl by it being distant three or four leagues Thus sheweth St. albons-Albons-Land with Portland to the westwards when you sayl by it Thus sheweth Portland when you come from the West Thus sheweth Portland when it is North by West six leagues from you Thus sheweth Portland when you come from the East Thus sheweth the Land to the westward of Portland when you sayl by it Thus sheweth the Land betwixt Torbay and the Start The Start Dartmouth Torbay Thus sheweth the Land betwixt Torbay and the Start when the Start is South-west by West from you Start Dartmouth Torbay Thus sheweth the Land between Torbay and the Start when the Start is W.S.W. from you Torbay Torbay Torbay Torbay Thus sheweth the Point of Torbay in divers forms according as you are to the northward or southward of it This Figure and the Figure that followeth belong one to the other and should joyn where they are marked with the Crosses Torbay Apsom Thus sheweth Dartmouth as this Figure and the Figure foregoing expresseth it when you are right thwart of it a league or two from the Land the Land being on both sides of it as well toward the Start as Torbay and to the northwards of it The Start Thus sheweth the Start being North from you two or three leagues Thus sheweth the Start being North seven leagues from you This open will be shut to when you sayl to the westwards This open will be shut to when you sayl to the westwards The Start Thus sheweth the Start when it is North-east from you and then the Point goeth flat
down Salcomb The Start Thus sheweth the Land to the eastwards of the eastermost Point of the Start towards Salcomb when you sayl by it Plymouth N.N.W. The Start N.N.W. Thus sheweth the Start and the Land to the westwards of Plymouth when the Start is N.N.E. about two leagues and Plymouth Sound N.N.E. five or six leagues Mawstone The Start Thus sheweth the Land between the Start and Plymouth Sound when you sayl by it Thus sheweth the high-High-land to the eastwards of Plymouth Maker-Church Thus sheweth the Land of Ramhead to the northwards of it when you sayl into Plymouth-Sound The Deadman Ramhead Thus sheweth the Deadman and the Land to the eastwards of it when you are thwart of the Deadman 4 leagues from the Shore The Deadman when you are thwart it Thus sheweth the Land to the eastward of Falmouth when you sayl by it a league from the Shore Lizard Falmouth Deadman Thus sheweth the Land between the Deadman and the Lizard Thus sheweth the Lizard when you sayl by it Lizard Hilford Falmouth Thus sheweth the Land betwixt the Lizard and Falmouth when you are below Falmouth Thus sheweth the Lizard when it is five or six leagues East by North from you Mounts Bay The Lizard Thus sheweth the Lizard being East from you four or five leagues Thus sheweth the Land betwixt the Lizard 〈◊〉 the Lands-end when the Lizard lyeth East by North and Mounts-bay North from you Lands-end N.N.W. Mounts-bay N.E. by N. and N.N.E. Thus sheweth the Lands-end and the Land to the eastwards of it when it is N.N.W. and Mounts-bay N. E. and N.N.E. from you Thus sheweth the Lands-end when you come in right with it out of the Sea Thus sheweth the Lands-end being East from you East The Lands-end of England Thus sheweth the Lands-end when it beareth South-east by South seven or eight leagues from you and the round Hill to the northwards of the East then you may see the low Land betwixt them both Thus sheweth Silly being E.N.E. from you Thus sheweth Silly being South-east from you Thus sheweth Silly being East five or six leagues from you Thus sheweth Silly being South-west from you Of the Tydes and setting of the Currents As also what Moon maketh High-Water In Dartmouth or Torbay a West by South Moon maketh high-water Thwart the Start in the Channel a W.N.W. and S.S.E. Moon From the Start to Portland in the midst of the Channel the Flood falleth E.N.E. and the Ebb W.S.W. Thwart of Dartmouth by the Land the Flood falleth North-east by North and the Ebb South-west by South Thwart of Torbay towards Exmouth in the Bay the Flood falleth North east by North and the Ebb S. S. W. In Plymouth and Foy a West by South and East by North Moon maketh high-water Thwart of Foy in the Channel an E. S. E. Moon To the Sea-board of Falmouth an East by South but in Falmouth-Haven an East by North Moon At Helford and at the Lizard by the Land an E.S.E. and W.N.W. Moon maketh high-water From Ram-head to the Start by the Land within the Eddy-stone the Flood falleth E.S.E. and the Ebb W. N. W. From the Dead-man to Ram-head the Flood falleth E.N.E. and the Ebb W.S.W. From the Lizard to the Dead-man North-east and South-west In the Channel between the Lizard and the Start thwart of Foy. the Flood falleth East by North and the Ebb West by South In what Depths you may make the Land The Start and the Land of Dartmouth may be seen in 45 fathom When you have the high Land of Plymouth North from you you may see it in 50 fathom it is high double Land and sheweth it self in two Hills that same double high Land within the Land you may see it from thwart of Foy until you come thwart of Dartmonth The Dead-man you may see in 24 fathom off from the Lizard to the Start The Lizard you may see in 55 fathom there the Ground is white If you go from the Lizard either Southerly Easterly or Westerly it is as easie to be known for if you go Southerly you will deepen the water and come into mattered Ground after ten leagues if you go Westerly you will keep Sand st ll having deeper Water and finer Sand if you go Easterly you will have shoaler Water and grosser Sand. If you be thwart of the Start three leagues from the Shore you will have 35 fathom sandy Ground mixt with dust black like beaten Pepper The Start being North-west or thereabouts and you sayling E. N. E. or East by North you will have sandy Ground and shoaler Water Courses and Distances From Portland to St. Paul de Lyon South-west by South 40 leagues From Portland to ushant S. W. 53 leagues From Portland to Exmouth W.N.W. 13 leagues From Torbay to Dartmouth West somewhat southerly 3 or 4 leagues From Dartmouth to the Start S.W. 3 leagues From Portland to Torbay West somewhat southerly 13 or 14 leagues From Portland to Dartmouth West by South sixteen leagues From Portland to the Start W. S. W. Westerly 19 leagues From the Start to the Caskets E.S.E. 21 leagues From the Start to the Seven-Isles South by East somewhat easterly 24 leagues From the Start to St. Paul de Lyon South by West southerly 27 leagues From to Start to Ram-head W. N. W. 8 leagues From Ram-head to Love-Island W.S.W. 3 leagues From Love-Island to Foy West 2 leagues From Foy to the Dead-man South-west and South-west by West 5 leagues From the Dead-man to Falmouth West by South and W.S.W. 4 leagues From Falmouth to the Lizard South by West 4 leagues From the Start to the Eddy-stone West or a little Northerly 7 or 8 leagues From the Eddy-stone to Ram-head North a little westerly 2 leagues From Ram-head to the Dead-man W.S.W. 8 leagues From the Dead-man to the Lizard S.W. 6 leagues From the Start to the Lizard West by South 20 or 21 leagues From the Lizard to Garnsey East by South 37 leagues From the Lizard to the Seven Islands South-east by South 31 leagues From the Lizard to ushant South 29 leagues From the Lizard to Cape de Finisterre South-West 153 leagues The same course goeth about five leagues without the Cape From the Lizard to Teneriff S.S.W. 466 leagues From the Lizard to Tercera 386 leagues Latitudes  deg min. Torbay 50 42 Dartmouth 50 37 The Start 50 27 Ram-head 50 34 Falmouth 50 22 Lizard 50 10 A Tyde Table for the Channel between England and France from the Island of Silly unto the North-Foreland shewing what Moon maketh the highest Water upon the Coast and in the Harbours and how the Tyde doth set and how long it doth run to the eastward in the Channel The Names of the Ports or Head-Lands What Point the Moon is upon to make a full Sea in these Places Upon what Point of the Compass the Tyde sets to the eastwards in the Channel thwart of these Places How the Tyde sets in the Channel 4 5 or 6 leagues