tropic_n we_o account_v 23_o degree_n which_o add_v and_o resolve_v into_o mile_n will_v make_v the_o say_a sum_n within_o the_o compass_n of_o this_o zone_n be_v situate_a the_o great_a part_n of_o africa_n especial_o that_o of_o the_o abyssine_n which_o common_a opinion_n with_o little_a probability_n will_v have_v to_o be_v the_o empire_n of_o prester_n john_n also_o many_o land_n as_o java_n summatra_n taprobana_n beside_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o south_n of_o america_n call_v peruana_n it_o be_v imagine_v by_o the_o ancient_n as_o aristotle_n pliny_n ptolemy_n and_o many_o other_o philosopher_n poet_n and_o divine_n that_o this_o zone_n through_o extreme_a heat_n be_v altogether_o unhabitable_a for_o which_o cause_n they_o call_v it_o intemperate_a the_o reason_n of_o this_o conjecture_n be_v draw_v from_o the_o situation_n of_o this_o part_n in_o regard_n of_o that_o of_o the_o heaven_n for_o lie_v in_o the_o middle_a part_n of_o the_o world_n the_o sun_n must_v of_o necessity_n cast_v his_o ray_n perpendicular_a that_o be_v to_o say_v at_o right_a angle_n now_o according_a to_o the_o ground_n of_o peripatetic_n philosophy_n the_o idol_n of_o this_o age_n the_o heat_n derive_v from_o the_o sun_n arise_v from_o the_o reflection_n of_o the_o sunbeam_n against_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n wherefore_o the_o heat_n be_v there_o conjecture_v to_o be_v great_a where_o the_o reflection_n be_v find_v to_o be_v great_a but_o the_o great_a reflection_n according_a to_o all_o mathematician_n must_v be_v in_o this_o torrid_a zone_n where_o the_o sun_n dart_v forth_o his_o ray_n at_o right_a angle_n which_o reflect_v back_o upon_o themselves_o which_o false_a conjecture_n be_v a_o long_a time_n continue_v by_o the_o exuberant_a description_n of_o poet_n and_o defect_n of_o navigation_n have_v as_o yet_o scarce_o pass_v her_o infancy_n but_o how_o far_o these_o surmise_n come_v short_a of_o truth_n we_o shall_v declare_v in_o our_o second_o part_n to_o which_o we_o have_v reserve_v those_o physical_a and_o historical_a discourse_n concern_v the_o quality_n and_o property_n of_o the_o earth_n 7_o the_o intemperate_a cold_a zone_n be_v those_o which_o be_v include_v betwixt_o the_o polar_a circle_n and_o the_o pole_n whereof_o the_o one_o be_v northern_a contain_v in_o the_o arctic_a circle_n the_o other_o southern_a in_o the_o antarcticke_a these_o two_o zone_n be_v not_o make_v out_o of_o the_o combination_n of_o two_o circle_n as_o the_o former_a but_o by_o one_o circle_n with_o relation_n to_o the_o pole_n the_o greatness_n and_o extent_n of_o this_o zone_n be_v about_o 23_o degree_n and_o a_o half_a which_o resolve_v into_o italian-mile_n will_v produce_v 1380._o the_o northern_a cold_a zone_n contain_v in_o it_o groenland_n fineland_n and_o diverse_a other_o northern_a region_n whereof_o some_o be_v partly_o discover_v and_o set_v out_o in_o our_o ordinary_a map_n other_o some_o not_o yet_o detect_v for_o the_o other_o zone_n under_o the_o antarctic_a pole_n it_o consist_v of_o the_o same_o greatness_n as_o we_o know_v by_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o globe_n have_v other_o such_o accident_n correspondent_a as_o the_o northern_a so_o far_o forth_o as_o they_o respect_v the_o heaven_n for_o other_o matter_n they_o lie_v hide_v in_o the_o vast_a gulf_n of_o obscurity_n this_o port_n have_v never_o yet_o for_o aught_o i_o know_v expose_v herself_o to_o the_o discovery_n of_o the_o christian_a world_n whether_o these_o two_o zone_n be_v without_o habitation_n by_o reason_n of_o intemperate_a cold_a as_o the_o other_o have_v be_v think_v by_o reason_n of_o too_o much_o heat_n we_o shall_v in_o due_a place_n examine_v 8_o the_o temperate_a zone_n be_v the_o space_n contain_v betwixt_o the_o tropic_n &_o the_o polar_a circle_n whereof_o the_o one_o be_v northern_a contain_v betwixt_o the_o tropic_n of_o cancer_n and_o the_o arctic_a circle_n the_o other_o southern_a comprehend_v betwixt_o the_o tropic_n of_o capricorn_n and_o the_o antarcticke_a circle_n why_o these_o zone_n be_v term_v temperate_a diverse_a reason_n be_v allege_v 1_o because_o the_o sunbeam_n here_o be_v cast_v oblique_o on_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o by_o consequence_n can_v produce_v so_o much_o heat_n as_o in_o those_o place_n where_o they_o be_v dart_v perpendicular_o if_o we_o only_o consider_v the_o constitution_n and_o site_n of_o the_o heaven_n for_o as_o we_o shall_v hereafter_o prove_v this_o may_v sometime_o be_v alter_v by_o the_o disposition_n of_o some_o particular_a place_n 2_o it_o may_v be_v call_v the_o temperate_a zone_n because_o it_o seem_v mix_v of_o both_o extreme_n partake_v in_o some_o measure_n the_o both_o quality_n of_o heat_n and_o cold_a the_o one_o from_o the_o torrid_a the_o other_o from_o the_o frigid_a zone_n 3_o because_o in_o these_o zone_n the_o distance_n betwixt_o summer_n and_o winter_n be_v very_o remarkable_a have_v a_o middle_a difference_n of_o time_n betwixt_o they_o as_o compound_v of_o both_o extreme_n these_o temperate_a zone_n include_v betwixt_o the_o tropic_n and_o the_o polar_a circle_n be_v twofold_a as_o the_o circle_n the_o northern_a temperate_a zone_n comprehend_v of_o the_o tropic_n of_o cancer_n and_o the_o arctic_a circle_n contain_v in_o it_o the_o upper_a and_o high_a part_n of_o africa_n stretch_v even_o to_o the_o mountain_n atlas_n moreover_o in_o it_o be_v place_v all_o europe_n even_o to_o the_o northern_a land_n in_o the_o arctic_a zone_n and_o a_o great_a part_n also_o of_o asia_n the_o other_o temperate_a zone_n lie_v towards_o the_o south_n be_v not_o so_o well_o know_v be_v far_o distant_a from_o our_o habitation_n and_o await_v as_o yet_o the_o far_a industry_n of_o our_o english_a and_o dutch_a navigator_n the_o breadth_n of_o this_o zone_n as_o the_o other_o contain_v about_o 43_o degree_n which_o be_v the_o distance_n betwixt_o the_o tropic_n and_o the_o polar_a circle_n which_o multiply_v by_o 60_o will_v be_v resolve_v into_o 2580_o italian-mile_n 1_o the_o torrid_a zone_n be_v the_o great_a of_o all_o next_o be_v the_o two_o temperate_a zone_n the_o cold_a zone_n the_o least_o of_o all_o the_o torrid_a zone_n be_v find_v to_o be_v great_a as_o well_v in_o regard_n of_o longitude_n as_o latitude_n and_o be_v divide_v by_o the_o equatour_n into_o two_o half_n the_o next_o be_v the_o temperate_a but_o the_o two_o cold_a zone_n howsoever_o equal_v in_o diameter_n to_o the_o torrid_a be_v notwithstanding_o least_o of_o all_o where_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o every_o zone_n be_v of_o the_o same_o latitude_n from_o north_n to_o south_n begin_v where_o we_o will_v because_o it_o be_v contain_v betwixt_o two_o equidistant_a circle_n but_o all_o enjoy_v not_o the_o same_o longitude_n from_o east_n to_o west_n for_o the_o part_n of_o every_o zone_n by_o how_o much_o near_o they_o be_v to_o the_o equatour_n so_o much_o great_a longitude_n will_v they_o have_v by_o how_o much_o near_o the_o pole_n they_o be_v so_o much_o the_o less_o longitude_n for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o parallel_n towards_o the_o pole_n grow_v always_o lesser_o and_o lesser_a the_o invention_n of_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o zone_n before_o mention_v may_v brief_o thus_o be_v perform_v the_o latitude_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n be_v so_o much_o as_o the_o distance_n betwixt_o the_o tropicke_n which_o be_v astronomical_o ground_v on_o the_o great_a declination_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v double_v this_o declination_n be_v by_o clavius_n and_o other_o find_v to_o be_v 23_o degree_n 30_o scrup_n which_o be_v double_v will_v produce_v 47_o which_o again_o multiply_v by_o 60_o and_o resolve_v into_o mile_n will_v amount_v to_o 2820_o though_o the_o odd_a scruple_n of_o many_o author_n be_v neglect_v the_o latitude_n of_o the_o cold_a zone_n be_v also_o draw_v from_o the_o great_a declination_n of_o the_o sun_n for_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o pole_n circle_n from_o the_o pole_n itself_o be_v just_a so_o much_o as_o the_o declination_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a from_o the_o equatour_n to_o wit_n of_o 23_o degree_n 30_o scrup_n to_o which_o answer_n according_a to_o the_o former_a rule_n 1420_o italian-mile_n the_o invention_n of_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o temperate_a zone_n depend_v from_o the_o subtraction_n of_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a from_o the_o equatour_n that_o be_v from_o the_o great_a declination_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v double_v from_o the_o whole_a quadrant_a in_o which_o subduction_n the_o residue_n will_v be_v 43_o to_o which_o will_v answer_v 2580_o italian-mile_n 1_o the_o zone_n wherein_o any_o place_n be_v seat_v may_v be_v know_v either_o by_o the_o globe_n or_o geographical_a table_n or_o else_o by_o the_o table_n of_o latitude_n by_o the_o globe_n or_o universal_a map_n we_o may_v know_v it_o by_o the_o diligent_a observation_n of_o the_o four_o equidistant_a circle_n for_o if_o we_o
give_v of_o they_o both_o for_o as_o much_o as_o if_o the_o polestar_n in_o eudozus_fw-la time_n move_v in_o a_o parallel_n equidistant_a from_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o equatour_n which_o he_o seem_v to_o contend_v then_o must_v also_o the_o star_n of_o aries_n which_o be_v find_v once_o to_o be_v in_o the_o point_n of_o the_o vernal_a equinoxe_n move_v always_o in_o the_o equinoctial_a circle_n and_o never_o vary_v from_o it_o which_o be_v contrary_a to_o all_o the_o testimony_n before_o allege_v second_o where_o he_o say_v that_o copernicus_n perceive_v this_o error_n leave_v a_o base_a discovery_n without_o any_o demonstration_n except_o only_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i_o will_v know_v how_o joseph_n scaliger_n by_o any_o other_o mean_n come_v to_o know_v it_o i_o always_o suppose_v it_o a_o principle_n among_o mathematician_n that_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d have_v be_v the_o sure_a ground_n of_o mathematical_a demonstration_n for_o every_o reason_n which_o can_v be_v allege_v must_v of_o necessity_n be_v ground_v on_o mere_a conjecture_n as_o forge_v in_o a_o man_n brain_n without_o any_o observation_n of_o nature_n or_o else_o suggest_v unto_o we_o from_o the_o thing_n themselves_o how_o little_a dependency_n be_v on_o the_o former_a let_v every_o man_n judge_v where_o it_o be_v as_o easy_a for_o every_o man_n to_o deny_v as_o affirm_v and_o such_o fancy_n be_v better_o reserve_v in_o the_o brain_n wherein_o they_o be_v first_o hatch_v then_o be_v suffer_v to_o proceed_v further_o if_o we_o derive_v our_o argument_n as_o we_o ought_v to_o do_v from_o the_o footstep_n of_o nature_n we_o must_v draw_v it_o either_o from_o the_o form_n itself_o or_o from_o some_o effect_n or_o propriety_n arise_v from_o it_o the_o former_a be_v unpossible_a i_o may_v well_o say_v in_o any_o thing_n because_o the_o first_o form_n and_o nature_n no_o way_n discover_v itself_o to_o our_o understanding_n but_o by_o the_o apparent_a accident_n much_o less_o can_v this_o be_v hope_v for_o in_o the_o heaven_n be_v as_o far_o distant_a from_o we_o in_o space_n as_o nature_n if_o then_o we_o be_v leave_v only_o to_o the_o late_a what_o other_o ground_n can_v we_o have_v of_o our_o argumentation_n than_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o apparence_n which_o kind_n of_o way_n scaliger_n in_o copernicus_n strive_v to_o sleight_n or_o reject_v as_o weak_a or_o deficient_a take_v then_o this_o to_o be_v the_o only_a way_n to_o search_v as_o near_o as_o we_o can_v into_o the_o truth_n of_o their_o matter_n we_o will_v in_o the_o three_o place_n show_v how_o far_o it_o may_v oppose_v scaliger_n and_o favour_v our_o assertion_n that_o the_o first_o star_n of_o aries_n be_v more_o distant_a from_o the_o equinoctial_a point_n be_v a_o matter_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v agree_v on_o by_o all_o side_n this_o appearance_n must_v necessary_o arise_v out_o of_o some_o motion_n this_o motion_n must_v be_v seek_v either_o in_o the_o earth_n as_o copernicus_n will_v have_v or_o in_o the_o heaven_n that_o it_o can_v with_o any_o great_a probability_n be_v in_o the_o earth_n we_o have_v show_v in_o the_o three_o chapter_n where_o we_o have_v prove_v it_o to_o have_v a_o magnetical_a verticity_n whereby_o it_o continual_o respect_v the_o same_o pole_n the_o argument_n i_o confess_v be_v only_o probable_a but_o this_o be_v a_o opinion_n which_o scaliger_n defend_v not_o if_o we_o seek_v this_o effect_n in_o the_o heaven_n it_o must_v of_o necessity_n which_o scaliger_n confess_v happen_v one_o of_o these_o 2_o way_n for_o either_o the_o star_n stand_v unmoveable_a the_o equinoctial_a &_o solstitial_a point_n must_v be_v move_v or_o else_o the_o star_n themselves_o shall_v move_v as_o ptolemy_n defend_v here_o i_o can_v but_o remember_v a_o merry_a answer_n of_o that_o great_a atlas_n of_o art_n sir_n henry_n savile_n in_o the_o like_a question_n be_v once_o invite_v unto_o his_o table_n and_o have_v enter_v into_o some_o familiar_a discourse_n concern_v astronomical_a supposition_n i_o ask_v he_o what_o he_o think_v of_o the_o hypothesis_n of_o copernicus_n who_o hold_v the_o sun_n to_o stand_v fix_v and_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v subject_a to_o a_o triple_a motion_n his_o answer_n be_v he_o care_v not_o which_o be_v true_a so_o the_o apparence_n be_v solue_v and_o the_o account_n exact_a since_o each_o way_n either_o the_o old_a of_o ptolemy_n or_o the_o new_a of_o copernicus_n will_v indifferent_o serve_v a_o astronomer_n be_v it_o not_o all_o one_o say_v he_o sit_v at_o dinner_n whether_o my_o table_n be_v bring_v to_o i_o or_o i_o go_v to_o my_o table_n so_o i_o eat_v my_o meat_n such_o a_o answer_n will_v aswell_o befit_v this_o question_n whether_o the_o first_o star_n of_o aries_n shall_v be_v move_v from_o the_o equinoctial_a point_n or_o the_o point_n from_o it_o it_o be_v a_o matter_n shall_v little_o trouble_v a_o cosmographer_n so_o either_o way_n may_v indifferent_o serve_v to_o salve_v the_o apparent_a observation_n but_o how_o scaliger_n upon_o this_o grant_a supposition_n will_v make_v all_o whole_a without_o disturb_v the_o order_n and_o form_n of_o nature_n in_o the_o celestial_a machine_n what_o regular_a motion_n he_o will_v give_v the_o sun_n who_o period_n describe_v the_o equinoctial_a point_n which_o he_o make_v movable_a what_o other_o pole_n he_o will_v assign_v to_o the_o world_n beside_o that_o of_o the_o equator_fw-la be_v a_o matter_n of_o a_o more_o curious_a search_n and_o beside_o the_o limit_n of_o my_o subject_n the_o full_a discussion_n of_o which_o point_n as_o most_o of_o the_o rest_n illis_fw-la relinquo_fw-la quorum_fw-la imagine_v lambunt_fw-la hederae_fw-la sequaces_fw-la 17_o the_o lesser_a parallel_n be_v equidistant_a line_n answer_v to_o the_o equator_fw-la which_o divide_v the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n into_o two_o unequal_a part_n 18_o these_o lesser_a parallel_n be_v again_o of_o two_o sort_n either_o name_v or_o nameless_a name_v be_v such_o as_o be_v call_v by_o special_a name_n and_o have_v more_o special_a use_n in_o geography_n such_o as_o be_v the_o two_o tropic_n and_o the_o two_o polar_a circle_n 19_o the_o tropic_n be_v parallel_n bound_v the_o sun_n great_a declination_n which_o be_v either_o to_o the_o north_n and_o be_v call_v the_o tropic_n of_o cancer_n or_o towards_o the_o south_n and_o be_v call_v the_o tropic_n of_o capricorn_n the_o tropicke_n have_v take_v their_o name_n from_o the_o conversion_n or_o turn_v back_o of_o the_o sun_n because_o the_o sun_n decline_v from_o the_o equinoctial_a circle_n either_o north_n or_o south_n proceed_v in_o his_o course_n no_o further_o than_o this_o circle_n and_o so_o turn_v back_o so_o that_o in_o the_o heaven_n they_o be_v as_o limit_n and_o bound_n comprehend_v within_o they_o that_o space_n without_o the_o which_o the_o sun_n never_o move_v consonant_a to_o these_o celestial_a tropic_n be_v there_o imagine_v in_o the_o earth_n the_o like_a immediate_o place_v under_o they_o which_o be_v apparent_a not_o only_o by_o application_n of_o the_o celestial_a globe_n and_o his_o part_n to_o the_o terrestrial_a but_o also_o out_o of_o the_o magnetical_a disposition_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o we_o have_v already_o show_v the_o tropic_n bound_v the_o sun_n great_a declination_n towards_o the_o north_n be_v call_v the_o tropic_n of_o cancer_n because_o the_o sun_n arrive_v at_o that_o tropic_n be_v lodge_v in_o the_o sign_n of_o cancer_n the_o other_o be_v term_v the_o tropic_n of_o capricorn_n because_o the_o sun_n touch_v that_o tropic_n be_v in_o that_o sign_n the_o distance_n of_o these_o tropicke_n from_o the_o equatour_n be_v ordinary_o put_v 23_o degree_n and_o 30_o minute_n which_o be_v also_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a from_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n as_o it_o be_v conceive_v in_o the_o earth_n pass_v by_o the_o great_a asia_n by_o the_o red-sea_n or_o sinus_n arabicus_n and_o china_n and_o india_n but_o the_o tropic_n of_o capricorn_n situate_v on_o the_o southern_a side_n run_v along_o by_o the_o most_o southern_a coast_n of_o africa_n and_o that_o part_n of_o america_n which_o be_v call_v brasilia_n beside_o many_o land_n in_o the_o indian_a sea_n 2_o the_o polar_a circle_n be_v parallel_n answer_v to_o the_o polar_a circle_n of_o the_o heaven_n draw_v by_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a these_o be_v of_o two_o sort_n either_o the_o arctic_a compass_v round_o the_o north-pole_n or_o the_o antarctic_a compass_v round_o the_o antarctic_a or_o south_n pole_n the_o polar_a circle_n as_o they_o be_v conceive_v in_o the_o heaven_n by_o astronomer_n be_v describe_v by_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a carry_v by_o the_o diurnal_a motion_n about_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n correspondent_n to_o these_o circle_n in_o the_o heaven_n
holy_a scripture_n and_o it_o be_v not_o unlikely_a â—hat_n many_o of_o those_o 〈◊〉_d people_n fetch_v their_o first_o original_n from_o they_o the_o second_a cause_n may_v be_v draw_v from_o the_o industry_n and_o labour_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n in_o tillage_n and_o manure_v of_o the_o ground_n wherein_o the_o southern_a inhabitant_n have_v be_v more_o deficient_a foâ—_n it_o be_v certain_a out_o of_o the_o holy_a scripture_n that_o noah_n ark_n wherein_o be_v thâ—_n seminary_n of_o mankind_n and_o almost_o all_o other_o liuâ—â—g_v 〈◊〉_d rest_v in_o â—he_n northern_a part_n of_o the_o world_n whence_o both_o man_n and_o beast_n begin_v to_o be_v propagate_v towards_o the_o southâ—punc_fw-la no_o far_o than_o necessity_n enforce_v the_o region_n inhabit_v gâ—â—wing_v daily_o more_o and_o more_o populous_a and_o as_o iâ—_n be_v groan_v to_o be_v deliver_v oâ—_n some_o of_o her_o child_n hence_o may_v be_v infer_v too_o consecâ—aries_n first_o that_o the_o northern_a hemisphere_n be_v 〈◊〉_d soon_o and_o be_v now_o therefore_o â—ore_o populous_a than_o the_o southern_a second_o that_o the_o chief_a and_o principal_a man_n which_o be_v best_a seat_v rathâ—r_n choose_v to_o keep_v their_o ancient_a habitation_n send_v such_o abroad_o who_o can_v either_o be_v best_a spare_v or_o have_v the_o small_a possession_n at_o home_n yet_o notwithstanding_o it_o can_v be_v imagine_v but_o they_o retain_v with_o they_o a_o sufficient_a company_n and_o more_o than_o go_v away_o out_o of_o which_o it_o must_v needs_o be_v grant_v that_o the_o northern_a half_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v best_o inhabit_v shall_v be_v best_o manure_v and_o culture_v from_o whence_o the_o ground_n must_v in_o time_n prove_v more_o fruitful_a and_o commodious_a for_o habitation_n for_o as_o a_o fruitful_a country_n for_o want_n of_o the_o due_a manure_a and_o tillage_n do_v degenerate_a and_o wax_v barren_a so_o diverse_a barren_a and_o sterile_a country_n have_v by_o the_o industry_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v bring_v to_o fertility_n and_o make_v capable_a of_o many_o good_a commodity_n necessary_a for_o man_n life_n if_o i_o be_v curious_a to_o draw_v argument_n from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o heaven_n i_o can_v allege_v the_o greatness_n and_o multitude_n of_o star_n of_o the_o great_a magnitude_n in_o our_o northern_a hemisphere_n wherein_o the_o southern_a be_v deficient_a as_o also_o the_o long_o sojourn_v of_o the_o sun_n in_o our_o northern_a hemisphere_n but_o these_o as_o uncertain_a cause_n i_o pass_v over_o other_o reason_n may_v perchance_o be_v find_v out_o by_o those_o who_o be_v inquisitive_a into_o the_o secret_n of_o nature_n to_o who_o i_o leave_v the_o more_o exact_a search_n of_o these_o matter_n 4_o either_o hemisphere_n consist_v of_o 90_o degree_n may_v be_v divide_v into_o three_o part_n each_o of_o they_o contain_v 30_o degree_n 5_o of_o these_o part_n 30_o we_o allot_v for_o heat_n 30_o for_o cold_a and_o 30_o for_o temperature_n whereof_o the_o former_a lie_v towards_o the_o equatour_n the_o second_o towards_o the_o pole_n the_o three_o betwixt_o both_o the_o ancient_a cosmographer_n as_o we_o have_v show_v in_o our_o former_a treatise_n divide_v the_o whole_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n into_o five_o zone_n which_o they_o suppose_v have_v also_o proportional_o divide_v the_o temper_n and_o disposition_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o such_o sort_n that_o according_a to_o the_o degree_n of_o latitude_n the_o heat_n and_o cold_a shall_v in_o rease_n or_o diminish_v which_o rule_n of_o they_o have_v be_v very_o certain_a be_v there_o no_o other_o cause_n concurrent_a in_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o air_n but_o only_o the_o heaven_n but_o since_o that_o many_o other_o concurrent_a cause_n as_o we_o have_v show_v mix_v themselves_o with_o these_o celestial_a operation_n and_o the_o experiment_n of_o navigatour_n have_v find_v out_o a_o disproportion_n in_o the_o quality_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o distance_n some_o late_a writer_n have_v seek_v out_o a_o new_a pertition_n more_o consonant_a to_o natural_a experience_n the_o whole_a latitude_n of_o the_o hemisphere_n consist_v of_o 90_o degree_n from_o the_o equatour_n to_o the_o pole_n they_o have_v divide_v into_o three_o part_n allow_v 30_o degree_n towards_o the_o equatour_n to_o heat_n 30_o degree_n towards_o the_o pole_n to_o cold_a and_o the_o other_o 30_o degree_n lie_v betwixt_o both_o to_o temperature_n these_o 30_o degree_n for_o imagination_n sake_n they_o have_v subdivide_v again_o each_o of_o they_o into_o two_o part_n contain_v 15_o degree_n a_o piece_n more_o particular_o to_o design_n out_o the_o special_a disposition_n of_o each_o region_n lie_v either_o northward_o or_o southward_o from_o the_o equatour_n which_o be_v the_o bind_v betwixt_o both_o hemisphere_n in_o the_o first_o section_n of_o 30_o degree_n lie_v northward_o from_o the_o equatour_n we_o comprehend_v in_o africa_n numidia_n nigritarum_fw-la regio_fw-la lybia_n guinia_n nubia_n egypt_n ethiopia_n superior_a in_o asia_n arabia_n india_n insulae_fw-la philippinae_fw-la in_o america_n nova_fw-la hispania_n hispaniola_n cuba_n with_o other_o part_n of_o america_n mexicana_n in_o the_o other_o extreme_a section_n from_o 60_o degree_n of_o latitude_n to_o the_o pole_n we_o comprehend_v in_o europe_n groenland_n island_n friesland_n norwey_n suethland_n for_o the_o most_o part_n nova_fw-la zembla_n in_o asia_n a_o great_a part_n of_o scythia_n orientalis_n in_o america_n anian_n quivira_n with_o diverse_a other_o part_n of_o the_o north_n of_o america_n mexicana_n in_o the_o middle_n betwixt_o both_o betwixt_o 30_o and_o 60_o degree_n of_o latitude_n we_o comprehend_v in_o africa_n barbary_n in_o europe_n all_o the_o kingdom_n except_o those_o north_n province_n before_o name_v and_o almost_o all_o asia_n except_o some_o place_n towards_o the_o south_n as_o arabia_n india_n and_o the_o philippinae_fw-la insulae_fw-la former_o place_v in_o the_o first_o section_n in_o like_a manner_n may_v we_o divide_v the_o southern_a hemisphere_n into_o three_o section_n in_o the_o first_o from_o the_o equatour_n 30_o degree_n we_o place_v in_o africa_n congo_n monomotapa_n madagascar_n in_o the_o southern_a tract_n beach_n and_o nova_fw-la guinia_n with_o many_o land_n thereunto_o adjoin_v as_o many_o of_o the_o philippinae_fw-la insulae_fw-la with_o insulae_fw-la solomonis_fw-la in_o america_n peru_n tisnada_n brasilia_n with_o the_o most_o part_n of_o that_o region_n which_o they_o call_v america_n peruana_n in_o the_o other_o extreme_a section_n from_o 60_o degree_n to_o the_o antarctike_a pole_n be_v couch_v the_o most_o part_n of_o that_o great_a land_n scarce_o yet_o discover_v call_v terra_fw-la australis_fw-la incognita_fw-la in_o the_o middle_a region_n betwixt_o both_o from_o 30_o to_o 60_o degree_n shall_v we_o find_v place_v in_o america_n the_o region_n of_o the_o pantagones_n in_o the_o southern_a continent_n maletur_fw-la javaminor_fw-la with_o many_o other_o in_o discover_v the_o quality_n of_o these_o several_a section_n or_o partition_n of_o the_o earth_n our_o chief_a discourse_n must_v be_v address_v to_o the_o northern_a hemisphere_n as_o that_o be_v more_o discover_v and_o know_v among_o old_a and_o new_a writer_n by_o which_o according_a to_o the_o former_a proposition_n one_o may_v parallel_v the_o other_o concern_v which_o we_o will_v infer_v these_o proposition_n 1_o in_o the_o first_o section_n of_o the_o hemisphere_n the_o first_o 15_o degree_n from_o the_o equatour_n be_v find_v somewhat_o temperate_a the_o other_o 15_o about_o the_o tropic_n exceed_v hot._n that_o the_o region_n lie_v under_o the_o equatour_n be_v temperate_o hot_a contrary_a to_o the_o opinion_n almost_o of_o all_o the_o ancient_n have_v be_v in_o part_n prove_v heretofore_o as_o well_o by_o reason_n as_o experiment_n for_o that_o all_o place_n by_o how_o much_o the_o near_o they_o approach_v the_o equatour_n by_o so_o much_o more_o shall_v be_v hot_a as_o some_o imagine_v diverse_a instance_n will_v contradict_v it_o be_v report_v by_o aluarez_n that_o the_o abyssine_a ambassador_n arrive_v at_o lisbon_n in_o portugal_n be_v there_o almost_o choke_v with_o extreme_a heat_n also_o pâ—rguer_n the_o german_n relate_v that_o he_o have_v feel_v the_o weather_n more_o hot_a about_o dantzicke_n and_o the_o baltic_a sea_n then_o at_o tholouse_n in_o a_o â—eruent_a summer_n the_o cause_n which_o we_o have_v before_o touch_v be_v chief_o two_o the_o first_o be_v that_o the_o sun_n be_v high_a in_o this_o orb_n in_o respect_n of_o those_o under_o the_o equatour_n and_o move_v more_o swift_o from_o they_o spend_v on_o they_o only_o twelve_o hour_n whence_o so_o great_a a_o impression_n of_o heat_n can_v be_v make_v as_o in_o other_o place_n for_o heat_n be_v a_o material_a quality_n must_v necessary_o require_v some_o latitude_n of_o time_n to_o be_v impress_v into_o the_o air_n or_o any_o other_o subject_n from_o the_o diminution_n of_o heat_n in_o the_o region_n must_v the_o air_n need_v receive_v into_o
of_o the_o red_a sea_n be_v by_o the_o perpendicular_a find_v high_a than_o in_o the_o mediterranean_a moreover_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o sea_n on_o the_o west_n part_n of_o america_n common_o call_v mare_n del_n zur_n be_v much_o high_a than_o the_o atlantic_a sea_n which_o border_v on_o the_o eastern_a part_n of_o it_o which_o give_v way_n to_o the_o conjecture_n of_o some_o that_o the_o isthmus_n betwixt_o panama_n and_o nombre_n dâ—_n dios_n have_v be_v long_o since_o cut_v through_o to_o have_v make_v a_o passage_n into_o the_o pacifick_n sea_n without_o sail_v so_o â—arre_o about_o by_o the_o strait_n of_o magellane_n have_v not_o many_o inconvenience_n be_v fear_v out_o of_o the_o inequality_n in_o the_o height_n of_o the_o water_n the_o like_a inequality_n be_v observe_v by_o verstegan_n in_o the_o sea_n betwixt_o england_n and_o france_n for_o according_a to_o his_o conjecture_n france_n and_o england_n be_v one_o continent_n heretofore_o and_o join_v by_o a_o narrow_a neck_n of_o land_n betwixt_o dover_n and_o callais_n the_o water_n on_o one_o side_n be_v high_a than_o on_o the_o other_o which_o he_o probable_o collect_v out_o of_o the_o sundry_a flat_n and_o shallows_n at_o this_o day_n appear_v on_o the_o east_n side_n as_o well_o on_o the_o coast_n of_o england_n as_o of_o flanders_n especial_o between_o dover_n and_o calais_n call_v by_o some_o our_o lady_n sand_n about_o three_o english_a mile_n in_o length_n out_o of_o which_o and_o sundry_a other_o probability_n he_o labour_v to_o prove_v that_o all_o the_o low-countries_n be_v heretofore_o enuelope_v with_o the_o sea_n till_o such_o time_n as_o the_o narrow_a land_n be_v either_o by_o nature_n or_o art_n cut_v through_o and_o the_o water_n allow_v a_o free_a passage_n it_o become_v dry_a land_n but_o this_o point_n we_o shall_v discuss_v hereafter_o in_o place_n convenient_a 4_o in_o the_o next_o place_n we_o be_v to_o consider_v the_o termination_n of_o the_o sea_n the_o termination_n be_v the_o bound_a of_o the_o sea_n within_o certain_a limit_n 5_o the_o limit_v be_v the_o margin_n or_o border_n of_o land_n wherein_o any_o sea_n be_v circumscribe_v the_o sea_n be_v bound_v by_o the_o land_n as_o the_o land_n by_o the_o sea_n in_o respect_n of_o which_o termination_n some_o sea_n be_v call_v main_a sea_n other_o narrow_a the_o main_a sea_n be_v four_o to_o wiâ—_n the_o atlantic_a which_o take_v its_o name_n from_o the_o mountain_n atlas_n by_o which_o on_o the_o west_n side_n it_o pass_v and_o divide_v europe_n and_o africa_n from_o america_n two_o the_o aethiopian_a sea_n run_v on_o the_o west_n side_n of_o aethiopia_n 3_o the_o indian_a sea_n have_v the_o east_n indies_n on_o the_o north_n 4_o mare_fw-la del_fw-it zur_n or_o the_o south_n sea_n situate_v on_o the_o south_n side_n of_o america_n which_o four_o in_o respect_n of_o other_o may_v be_v call_v main_a ocean_n the_o lesser_a seaâ—_n be_v either_o call_v creek_n or_o streit_n a_o creek_n be_v a_o place_n where_o the_o water_n as_o it_o be_v embosom_v itself_o into_o the_o land_n have_v a_o â—ntrance_n large_a from_o the_o ocean_n and_o most_o common_o streytn_v inward_o but_o no_o passage_n through_o a_o creek_n again_o may_v be_v divide_v into_o the_o great_a or_o lesser_a under_o the_o former_a in_o a_o large_a sense_n may_v we_o comprehend_v the_o whole_a mediterranean_a sea_n for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o â—ea_n from_o the_o mainâ—_n atlantic_a ocean_n by_o a_o inlet_n be_v ingulf_v into_o it_o but_o find_v no_o passage_n out_o any_o other_o way_n howsoever_o it_o invade_v a_o large_a territory_n the_o lesser_a creek_n be_v again_o distinguish_v into_o the_o eastern_a and_o western_a the_o chief_a creek_n find_v out_o towards_o the_o east_n be_v six_o in_o number_n 1._o sinus_n magnus_fw-la which_o lie_v betwixt_o mangus_n and_o india_n extra_fw-la gangem_fw-la teach_v as_o far_o as_o the_o region_n of_o chalâ—iâ—_n 2._o sinus_n gangâ—ticus_n which_o be_v comprehend_v betwixt_o aurea_n chersonesus_n and_o india_n intra_fw-la gangem_fw-la 3_o sinus_n canthi_n common_o call_v canthi-colpus_a 4._o sinus_n persicus_n border_v on_o persia_n and_o call_v by_o plutarch_n the_o babylonian_a sea_n 5._o sinus_n arabicus_n which_o be_v common_o call_v the_o red_a sâ—a_n 6._o sinus_n barbaricus_n which_o by_o pliny_n be_v term_v sinus_n trâ—gloditicus_n &_o at_o this_o day_n golpho_n de_fw-fr melinde_n the_o creek_n lie_v westward_o be_v chief_o these_o first_o sinus_n sarmaticus_n lie_v towards_o the_o north_n between_o denmark_n and_o normay_n which_o be_v divide_v into_o sinus_n sinnicus_fw-la and_o bodiâ—us_fw-la which_o be_v call_v common_o the_o baltic_a sea_n 2_o sinus_n granuicus_fw-la divide_v the_o muscovite_n from_o the_o câ—relij_fw-la northward_o it_o be_v common_o call_v the_o white_a sea_n 3_o sinus_n mexicanus_n border_v on_o the_o city_n of_o mexico_n in_o america_n among_o these_o some_o will_v number_v mare_fw-la pacificum_fw-la or_o mare_n dâ—l_v zur_n but_o this_o we_o think_v fit_a to_o call_v a_o main_a sea_n than_o a_o creek_n be_v extraordinary_o large_a in_o quantity_n a_o strait_n be_v a_o narrow_a sea_n between_o two_o land_n of_o such_o strait_o these_o be_v ancient_o know_v to_o wit_n 1_o fretum_n graditanum_fw-la or_o the_o strait_o of_o gibraltar_n of_o 7_o mile_n distance_n divide_v spain_n from_o barbary_n 2_o fretum_n magellanniâ—un_v find_v out_o by_o magellane_n which_o divide_v aâ—erica_n pâ—ruana_n from_o the_o southern_a land_n 3_o fretum_n anian_n situate_v betwixt_o the_o western_a shore_n of_o america_n &_o the_o eastern_a border_n of_o tartary_n beside_o these_o there_o have_v be_v discover_v 3_o more_o to_o wit_n 1_o pretum_fw-la davis_n find_v out_o by_o captain_n davis_n in_o the_o year_n 1586_o which_o lie_v towards_o groenland_n â—_o fretum_n nâ—sovicum_n or_o way_n gate_n near_o nova_fw-la zembla_n discover_v by_o the_o hollander_n in_o the_o year_n 1614_o 3_o fretum_n de_fw-fr mayre_n find_v out_o by_o william_n schouteâ—_n a_o bavarian_a take_v his_o name_n from_o isaaâ—_n le_fw-fr mâ—yre_n by_o who_o advice_n and_o persuasion_n he_o undertake_v hiâ—_n voyage_n but_o some_o of_o these_o lattâ—â—_n streit_v here_o mention_v for_o aught_o i_o know_v may_v better_a be_v reckon_v among_o creek_n forasmuch_o as_o they_o have_v not_o as_o yet_o find_v any_o passage_n through_o though_o with_o great_a loss_n and_o danger_n they_o have_v often_o attempt_v the_o discovery_n concern_v the_o bound_a of_o the_o sea_n with_o the_o land_n we_o will_v insert_v thâ—se_a theorem_n 1_o the_o water_n be_v so_o divide_v from_o the_o dry_a land_n that_o the_o quantity_n of_o water_n be_v great_a in_o the_o south_n hemisphere_n of_o land_n in_o the_o northern_a that_o most_o part_n of_o the_o dry_a land_n be_v situate_a towards_o the_o north_n will_v easy_o appear_v by_o instance_n for_o towards_o the_o north_n be_v place_v the_o great_a continent_n of_o europe_n asia_n almost_o all_o africa_n and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o america_n but_o in_o the_o south_n hemisphere_n we_o find_v only_o a_o little_a part_n of_o africa_n &_o america_n beside_o the_o south_n continent_n which_o we_o can_v imagine_v to_o be_v so_o great_a in_o quantity_n as_o it_o be_v paint_v in_o our_o ordinary_a map_n forasmuch_o as_o all_o placeâ—_n at_o the_o first_o discovery_n be_v common_o describe_v great_a than_o they_o be_v the_o reason_n i_o take_v to_o be_v this_o that_o the_o first_o draught_n be_v always_o confuse_a and_o unperfect_a wherein_o a_o region_n discover_v itself_o unto_o we_o under_o a_o more_o simple_a figure_n neglect_v curiosity_n but_o after_o a_o long_o and_o more_o exact_a search_n of_o any_o region_n will_v be_v find_v in_o many_o place_n ingulf_v with_o diverse_a bay_n and_o various_o indent_v in_o such_o sort_n as_o the_o bind_v line_n compass_v it_o round_o make_v a_o inordinate_a figure_n and_o less_o regular_a can_v contain_v so_o much_o land_n as_o first_o it_o may_v seem_v to_o promise_v moreover_o we_o may_v further_o observe_v that_o those_o place_n which_o in_o the_o first_o discovery_n have_v be_v take_v for_o the_o main_a continent_n or_o at_o least_o for_o some_o great_a part_n of_o land_n have_v afterward_o upon_o more_o curious_a examination_n be_v find_v cleave_v into_o many_o lesser_a land_n as_o in_o america_n cuba_n in_o the_o time_n of_o columbus_n and_o california_n of_o late_a think_v to_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o continent_n and_o so_o describe_v almost_o in_o all_o our_o map_n yet_o since_o by_o a_o spanish_a chart_n take_v by_o the_o hollander_n discover_v to_o be_v a_o island_n the_o like_a instance_n we_o have_v in_o terra_fw-la del_fw-it fuogâ—_n which_o since_o the_o time_n magellan_n be_v hold_v a_o part_n of_o the_o south_n continent_n till_o schouten_n by_o sail_v round_o about_o it_o find_v it_o divide_v from_o the_o main_a lâ—nd_n by_o frâ—â—um_fw-la de_fw-fr mayre_n
peninsula_n the_o most_o famous_a be_v africa_n scandia_n taurica_n chersonesus_n peloponnesus_n and_o america_n peruana_n that_o little_a parcel_n of_o land_n which_o join_v this_o peninsula_n with_o the_o main_a land_n we_o call_v a_o isthmus_n which_o be_v a_o narrow_a neck_n of_o land_n betwixt_o two_o sea_n join_v two_o continent_n such_o as_o be_v isthmus_n corinthiacus_n and_o isthmus_n cimbricus_fw-la more_o famous_a be_v those_o two_o narrow_a land_n whereof_o the_o one_o lie_v betwixt_o peruana_n and_o mexico_n in_o america_n the_o other_o divide_v africa_n from_o asia_n a_o promontory_n be_v a_o great_a mountain_n stretch_v itself_o far_o into_o the_o sea_n who_o extremity_n be_v call_v a_o cape_n or_o head_n of_o which_o the_o most_o remarkable_a be_v the_o cape_n of_o good_a hope_n in_o africa_n 2._o the_o cape_n of_o s._n vincent_n in_o portugal_n 3._o the_o cape_n of_o comary_a in_o asia_n 4._o the_o cape_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr victoria_n in_o america_n our_o observation_n concern_v this_o distinction_n shall_v be_v comprise_v in_o this_o theorem_a 1_o peninsula_n by_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o sea_n fret_v through_o the_o isthmus_n have_v oftentimes_o be_v turn_v into_o land_n and_o contrariwise_o sometime_o peninsula_n by_o diminution_n of_o the_o sea_n make_v of_o land_n this_o proposition_n be_v not_o hard_a to_o prove_v if_o any_o credit_n ought_v to_o be_v gruen_v to_o ancient_a writer_n for_o it_o be_v common_o relate_v that_o sicily_n be_v heretofore_o join_v to_o italy_n cyprus_n to_o syria_n euboea_n with_o boeotia_n besbicum_fw-la with_o bythinia_n all_o which_o at_o this_o day_n be_v land_n separate_v and_o divide_v from_o the_o continent_n the_o like_a have_v be_v conjecture_v of_o our_o britain_n which_o some_o imagine_v heretofore_o to_o have_v be_v join_v with_o the_o continent_n of_o france_n about_o dover_n and_o calais_n as_o may_v seem_v probable_o to_o be_v gather_v out_o of_o the_o correspondency_n of_o the_o cliff_n whereof_o we_o have_v speak_v in_o this_o chapter_n before_o the_o agreement_n of_o the_o soil_n the_o smallness_n of_o the_o distance_n and_o many_o more_o argument_n remember_v by_o we_o elsewhere_o also_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v on_o the_o other_o side_n that_o the_o sea_n in_o some_o place_n leave_v his_o ancient_a bound_n have_v join_v some_o land_n to_o the_o land_n make_v peninsulas_fw-la of_o land_n in_o this_o sort_n if_o we_o believe_v antiquity_n be_v antissa_n join_v to_o lesbos_n zephirium_fw-la to_o halicarnassus_n ethusa_n to_o mindus_n promiscon_n to_o miletum_n narthucusa_n to_o the_o promontory_n of_o parthenius_n in_o these_o antiquity_n it_o behoove_v every_o man_n to_o judge_v without_o partiality_n according_a to_o reason_n not_o ascribe_v too_o much_o to_o fabulous_a narration_n wherein_o those_o age_n do_v abound_v neither_o yet_o show_v himself_o too_o incredulous_a for_o as_o much_o as_o we_o can_v charge_v these_o author_n with_o any_o manifest_a absurdity_n the_o special_a and_o particular_a argument_n by_o which_o we_o shall_v establish_v our_o assertion_n we_o must_v according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o method_n reserve_v to_o the_o special_a part_n where_o we_o shall_v treat_v ofspeciall_a country_n chap._n xii_o 1_o of_o the_o perpetual_a accident_n of_o the_o land_n we_o have_v speak_v somewhat_o it_o remain_v in_o this_o place_n we_o treat_v of_o the_o casual_a 2_o the_o casual_a i_o call_v such_o as_o happen_v not_o ordinary_o at_o all_o time_n such_o as_o be_v inundation_n and_o earthquake_n 3_o a_o inundation_n be_v a_o overwhelm_a of_o the_o land_n by_o water_n howsoever_o it_o be_v certain_a out_o of_o holy_a scripture_n that_o god_n have_v set_v the_o sea_n his_o certain_a bound_n and_o limit_n which_o it_o can_v pass_v yet_o the_o same_o god_n sometime_o to_o show_v his_o special_a judgement_n on_o some_o place_n or_o age_n have_v extraordinary_o permit_v the_o sea_n sometime_o to_o break_v his_o appoint_a limit_n and_o invade_v the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o land_n this_o we_o call_v a_o deluge_n or_o inundation_n the_o inundation_n which_o ever_o have_v be_v observe_v on_o the_o earth_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n either_o universal_a or_o particular_a a_o universal_a be_v that_o whereby_o the_o whole_a face_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v cover_v with_o water_n whereof_o we_o have_v only_o two_o example_n the_o first_o be_v in_o the_o first_o creation_n of_o the_o world_n when_o as_o we_o read_v in_o the_o scripture_n the_o whole_a face_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v round_o invelope_v with_o water_n which_o cover_v the_o top_n of_o the_o high_a mountain_n till_o such_o time_n as_o god_n by_o a_o supernatural_a hand_n make_v a_o separation_n of_o the_o water_n from_o the_o dry_a land_n but_o this_o be_v improper_o call_v a_o inundation_n because_o the_o same_o proper_o take_v imply_v as_o much_o as_o a_o overflow_a of_o that_o which_o be_v dry_a land_n before_o the_o second_o as_o we_o read_v in_o genesis_n happen_v in_o the_o time_n of_o noah_n when_o god_n for_o the_o sin_n of_o man_n drown_v the_o whole_a world_n break_v open_a the_o cataract_n of_o heaven_n and_o lose_v the_o spring_n of_o the_o deep_a particular_a inundation_n be_v such_o as_o be_v not_o over_o the_o whole_a earth_n but_o in_o some_o particular_a place_n or_o region_n such_o a_o deluge_n according_a to_o genebrardus_n happen_v in_o the_o time_n of_o enos_n wherein_o a_o three_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v drown_v the_o like_a iâ—_n speak_v of_o ogygeâ—_n king_n of_o athens_n that_o in_o his_o time_n happen_v a_o very_a great_a inundation_n which_o drown_v all_o the_o confine_n and_o coast_n of_o attica_n and_o achaia_n even_o to_o the_o aegean_a sea_n in_o which_o time_n it_o be_v think_v that_o buras_n and_o helice_n city_n of_o achaia_n be_v swallow_v up_o whereof_o ovid_n in_o his_o metamorphosis_n speak_v thus_o si_fw-mi quaeras_fw-la helicen_n &_o buran_n achaidos_fw-la urbes_fw-la inuenies_fw-la sub_fw-la aquis_fw-la buras_n and_o helice_n on_o achaiâ—n_n ground_n be_v seek_v in_o vain_a but_o under_o sea_n be_v find_v as_o famous_a be_v the_o inundation_n of_o thessaly_n in_o deucalion_n time_n mention_v not_o only_o by_o profane_a writer_n and_o poet_n but_o also_o by_o s._n augustin_n jerom_n and_o eusebius_n which_o will_v have_v it_o to_o happen_v in_o the_o time_n of_o cranaus_n who_o next_o after_o cecrops_n govern_v athens_n this_o inundation_n be_v exceed_v great_a extend_v itself_o not_o only_o over_o all_o thessaly_n and_o the_o region_n adjoin_v westward_o but_o overwhelm_v the_o great_a part_n of_o italy_n the_o same_o or_o other_o happen_v near_o the_o same_o time_n oppress_v egypt_n if_o eusebius_n may_v obtain_v credit_n hence_o some_o will_v have_v the_o people_n of_o italy_n to_o have_v be_v call_v vmbrij_fw-la as_o pliny_n and_o solinus_n report_n quia_fw-la ab_fw-la imbribus_fw-la dilwij_fw-la superfuissent_fw-la but_o this_o etymology_n seem_v too_o far_o fetch_v there_o be_v also_o two_o other_o notable_a inundation_n mention_v by_o ancient_a writer_n which_o fall_v out_o in_o egypt_n from_o the_o river_n of_o nilus_n whereof_o the_o first_o cover_v all_o the_o neither_o egypt_n which_o be_v subject_a to_o prometheus_n and_o hence_o as_o natalis_n come_v observe_v be_v the_o fable_n draw_v of_o the_o vulture_n light_v on_o prometheus_n liver_n afterward_o slay_v by_o hercules_n for_o as_o diodorus_n siculus_n observe_v the_o river_n nilus_n for_o the_o swiftness_n of_o his_o course_n be_v in_o ancient_a time_n call_v a_o eagle_n this_o river_n afterward_o do_v hercules_n by_o his_o great_a skill_n and_o judgement_n streiten_fw-ge and_o bind_v reduce_v it_o into_o narrow_a channel_n whence_o some_o greek_a poet_n turn_v hercules_n labour_v into_o fable_n feign_a that_o hercules_n slay_v the_o eagle_n which_o say_v on_o prometheus_n breast_n mean_v that_o he_o deliver_v prometheus_n out_o of_o that_o sorrow_n and_o loss_n which_o he_o and_o his_o people_n sustain_v by_o that_o inundation_n the_o second_o of_o these_o egyptian_a flood_n happen_v about_o pharus_n in_o egypt_n where_o alexander_n the_o great_a build_v alexandria_n to_o these_o may_v be_v add_v many_o more_o of_o lesser_a moment_n as_o well_o in_o ancient_a time_n as_o in_o our_o day_n as_o that_o of_o belgia_n in_o some_o part_n mention_v before_o on_o another_o occasion_n and_o not_o many_o year_n since_o in_o some_o part_n of_o somersetshire_n with_o we_o in_o britanny_n 1_o no_o universal_a inundation_n of_o the_o earth_n can_v be_v natural_a the_o other_o may_v depend_v on_o some_o natural_a cause_n of_o the_o cause_n of_o inundation_n many_o dispute_n have_v be_v among_o natural_a philosopher_n some_o have_v trust_v so_o far_o to_o nature_n that_o they_o have_v ascribe_v not_o only_o particular_a inundation_n but_o that_o universal_a deluge_n in_o the_o time_n of_o noah_n to_o second_v cause_n of_o this_o opinion_n be_v henricus_fw-la mecliensis_fw-la a_o scholar_n of_o
that_o it_o incline_v no_o more_o on_o the_o one_o side_n then_o on_o the_o other_o but_o lie_v even_o as_o we_o see_v in_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n when_o it_o rest_v quiet_a without_o motion_n for_o howsoever_o the_o water_n so_o rest_v as_o we_o have_v former_o demonstrate_v be_v always_o spherical_a yet_o in_o a_o small_a distance_n in_o the_o sensible_a horizon_n it_o may_v to_o sense_n be_v represent_v by_o a_o plain_a 25_o so_o much_o for_o the_o invention_n the_o distinction_n of_o the_o horizon_n be_v into_o three_o sort_n for_o either_o it_o be_v a_o right_a horizon_n or_o oblique_a or_o parallel_v 26_o a_o right_a horizon_n be_v that_o which_o with_o the_o equator_fw-la make_v right_a angle_n this_o distinction_n grow_v natural_o out_o of_o the_o respect_n of_o the_o horizon_n to_o the_o equatour_n for_o since_o the_o equatour_n be_v one_o and_o the_o selfsame_o immovable_a circle_n and_o the_o horizon_n be_v mutable_a and_o change_v according_a to_o his_o diverse_a vertical_a point_n they_o can_v always_o keep_v the_o same_o situation_n in_o regard_n one_o of_o the_o other_o this_o they_o have_v reduce_v into_o three_o head_n for_o either_o it_o be_v right_o or_o oblique_a or_o parallel_n the_o right_n be_v so_o call_v from_o the_o right_a angle_n which_o the_o horizon_n make_v with_o the_o equator_fw-la wherein_o the_o two_o pole_n be_v always_o couch_v in_o the_o horizon_n and_o the_o equator_fw-la pass_v direct_o over_o their_o head_n as_o be_v plain_a to_o be_v see_v in_o this_o figure_n here_o affix_v such_o a_o horizon_n have_v these_o inhabitant_n which_o dwell_v direct_o under_o the_o equinoctial_a line_n in_o the_o very_a midst_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n such_o a_o horizon_n agree_v to_o a_o great_a part_n of_o africa_n to_o a_o part_n of_o peru_n in_o america_n also_o to_o most_o of_o the_o molucco_n land_n the_o land_n of_o taprobana_n and_o s._n thomas_n but_o no_o part_n of_o europe_n be_v subject_a to_o such_o a_o right_a horizon_n the_o cause_n of_o this_o variation_n of_o orison_n be_v the_o natural_a roundness_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o the_o earth_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v spherical_a as_o we_o have_v before_o demonstrate_v it_o must_v of_o necessity_n follow_v that_o the_o site_n of_o the_o pole_n shall_v be_v change_v according_a to_o the_o diversity_n of_o the_o place_n also_o because_o wheresoever_o we_o be_v place_v on_o the_o earth_n as_o we_o have_v show_v all_o impediment_n of_o the_o sight_n as_o mountain_n and_o valley_n put_v apart_o we_o can_v behold_v the_o hemisphere_n of_o the_o heaven_n which_o middle_a part_n be_v set_v down_o be_v divide_v from_o the_o part_n unseen_a by_o the_o horizon_n it_o must_v needs_o be_v that_o either_o both_o the_o pole_n must_v be_v in_o the_o horizon_n and_o so_o make_v a_o right_a sphere_n or_o at_o least_o one_o must_v be_v above_o and_o see_v and_o the_o other_o hide_v from_o the_o sight_n and_o so_o much_o as_o one_o be_v elevate_v above_o the_o horizon_n must_v the_o other_o be_v couch_v under_o it_o for_o otherwise_o we_o shall_v see_v more_o or_o less_o than_o a_o precise_a moiety_n or_o half_a of_o the_o heaven_n since_o the_o pole_n differ_v one_o from_o the_o other_o the_o half_a of_o the_o whole_a heaven_n to_o wit_n by_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o world_n 27_o a_o oblique_a horizon_n be_v that_o which_o with_o the_o equator_fw-la make_v oblique_a angle_n those_o inhabitant_n be_v say_v to_o have_v a_o oblique_a horizon_n who_o site_n and_o position_n decline_v somewhat_o from_o the_o equator_fw-la either_o to_o the_o north_n or_o south_n towards_o either_o pole_n yet_o so_o that_o the_o pole_n be_v not_o elevate_v so_o high_a as_o 90_o degree_n for_o than_o it_o become_v a_o parallel_n horizon_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v in_o the_o next_o the_o representation_n of_o such_o a_o oblique_a sphere_n may_v be_v see_v in_o this_o diagram_n wherein_o the_o horizon_n cut_v the_o equatour_n at_o oblique_a angle_n whence_o it_o be_v call_v oblique_a clavius_n seem_v to_o add_v another_o reason_n of_o this_o appellation_n to_o wit_n because_o in_o such_o a_o horizon_n one_o pole_n be_v always_o elevate_v above_o and_o the_o other_o hide_v but_o this_o reason_n seem_v too_o general_a as_o that_o which_o agree_v not_o only_o to_o a_o oblique_a but_o also_o to_o a_o parallel_n sphere_n from_o this_o horizon_n by_o johannes_n de_fw-fr sucrobosco_n the_o sphere_n be_v call_v artificial_a because_o as_o clavius_n conjecture_n it_o be_v variable_a and_o do_v natural_o divide_v the_o globe_n for_o whereas_o the_o horizon_n of_o the_o right_a sphere_n pass_v by_o either_o pole_n it_o seem_v by_o itself_o as_o it_o be_v naturally_n and_o direct_o to_o divide_v the_o sphere_n and_o this_o division_n be_v no_o way_n variable_a as_o that_o it_o shall_v be_v more_o or_o less_o right_o but_o contrariwise_o in_o the_o oblique_a sphere_n since_o one_o pole_n be_v place_v above_o and_o the_o other_o beneath_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v place_v out_o of_o his_o natural_a site_n and_o position_n moreover_o this_o oblique_a horizon_n be_v variable_a according_a to_o the_o diversity_n of_o habitation_n so_o that_o it_o may_v be_v to_o some_o more_o to_o other_o less_o oblique_a for_o so_o much_o the_o more_o oblique_a must_v it_o be_v by_o how_o much_o the_o near_o it_o be_v place_v to_o the_o pole_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o a_o oblique_a sphere_n be_v such_o as_o seat_v betwixt_o the_o equator_fw-la and_o either_o of_o the_o tropic_n of_o cancer_n and_o capricorn_n or_o such_o as_o dwell_v betwixt_o either_o tropic_n and_o the_o polar-circle_n 28_o a_o parallel_n horizon_n be_v that_o which_o lie_v parallel_n to_o the_o equator_fw-la make_v no_o angle_n at_o all_o with_o it_o such_o a_o kind_n of_o horizon_n those_o inhabitant_n be_v say_v to_o have_v which_o be_v include_v betwixt_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n and_o the_o polar_a circle_n who_o horizon_n cut_v not_o the_o equatour_n at_o any_o angle_n at_o all_o either_o right_o or_o oblique_a but_o lie_v parallel_n unto_o it_o as_o we_o see_v in_o this_o figure_n here_o set_v down_o some_o have_v reduce_v this_o kind_n of_o sphere_n to_o a_o oblique_a horizon_n in_o regard_n that_o in_o this_o site_n our_o pole_n be_v elevate_v above_o the_o horizon_n and_o the_o other_o depress_v under_o in_o which_o opinion_n clavius_n seem_v to_o second_o johannes_n de_fw-fr sacrobosco_n on_o who_o he_o comment_v but_o this_o be_v ridiculous_a because_o the_o sphere_n be_v call_v right_o or_o oblique_a as_o we_o have_v teach_v from_o the_o angle_n which_o the_o horizon_n make_v with_o the_o equator_fw-la wherefore_o that_o horizon_n which_o make_v no_o angle_n at_o all_o can_v be_v call_v either_o right_a or_o oblique_a but_o be_v necessary_o distinguish_v from_o either_o on_o this_o distinction_n of_o orison_n be_v ground_v the_o division_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o earth_n according_a to_o three_o kind_n of_o sphere_n of_o who_o accident_n and_o propriety_n we_o shall_v more_o full_o treat_v hereafter_o in_o the_o dictinction_n of_o the_o part_n and_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n because_o such_o propriety_n can_v so_o well_o be_v teach_v without_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o artificial_a sphere_n who_o nature_n and_o fabric_n we_o shall_v labour_v god_n will_v in_o our_o next_o chapter_n to_o unfold_v chap._n vii_o of_o the_o artificial_a representation_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n 1_o have_v hitherto_o treat_v of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n as_o it_o be_v natural_a or_o real_a we_o be_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o speak_v of_o the_o artificial_a globe_n the_o artificial_a globe_n be_v a_o expression_n or_o imitation_n of_o the_o sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n 2_o the_o artificial_a imitation_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v either_o common_a or_o magnetical_a the_o common_a be_v again_o twofold_a either_o in_o the_o globe_n or_o in_o the_o geographical_a map_n or_o table_n 3_o the_o geographical_a globe_n be_v a_o round_a solid_a body_n adorn_v with_o lineament_n &_o picture_n serve_v for_o the_o use_n of_o geographer_n who_o be_v the_o first_o inuentour_n of_o this_o artificial_a globe_n it_o be_v not_o evident_a some_o think_v with_o pliny_n that_o it_o be_v find_v out_o by_o atlas_n and_o carry_v into_o greece_n by_o hercules_n other_o have_v ascribe_v it_o to_o anaximander_n milesius_n some_o to_o musaeus_n as_o diogenes_n laërtius_n other_o to_o other_o author_n among_o who_o architas_n tarentinus_n be_v not_o forget_v as_o one_o that_o be_v esteem_v the_o rare_a mathematician_n of_o his_o time_n but_o all_o these_o be_v outstripped_n by_o archimedes_n the_o syracusan_a mathematician_n who_o be_v say_v to_o have_v compose_v a_o sphere_n of_o transparent_a glass_n represent_v unto_o the_o life_n the_o whole_a frame_n of_o the_o heaven_n wherein_o the_o sun_n
the_o supperficies_n to_o be_v first_o know_v both_o way_n shall_v be_v express_v in_o these_o proposition_n 1_o if_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o sphere_n be_v multiply_v into_o the_o three_o part_n of_o the_o conuex_n superficies_n of_o the_o say_a sphere_n there_o will_v arise_v the_o whole_a solidity_n of_o the_o earth_n this_o be_v demonstrate_v by_o geometrician_n for_o a_o solid_a rectangle_n comprehend_v of_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o sphere_n and_o the_o three_o of_o the_o convex_a superficies_n of_o it_o will_v be_v equal_a to_o the_o sphere_n itself_o as_o for_o example_n if_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n contain_v 40090_o 10_o 11_o furlong_n be_v multiply_v by_o the_o three_o part_n of_o the_o conuex_n superficies_n contain_v to_o wit_n 67352727_o 3_o 11_o there_o will_v arise_v the_o solidity_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o will_v contain_v 27002-3_a 06611570_o 3_o 11_o cubic_n furlong_n that_o be_v the_o solidity_n of_o the_o earth_n will_v comprehend_v so_o many_o cube_n cantain_v every_o side_n so_o many_o furlong_n as_o there_o be_v unity_n in_o the_o say_a number_n for_o the_o areae_fw-la or_o space_n comprehend_v of_o solid_a figure_n be_v measure_v by_o the_o cube_n of_o those_o line_n by_o who_o square_n the_o conuexe_n superficies_n of_o those_o line_n be_v measure_v 2_o if_o the_o great_a circle_n be_v multiply_v by_o â…”_n of_o the_o whole_a diameter_n the_o product_n will_v show_v the_o solidity_n of_o the_o sphere_n this_o way_n be_v also_o demonstrate_v by_o clavius_n in_o the_o same_o tract_n of_o measure_v magnitude_n it_o may_v arithmetical_o be_v deduce_v in_o this_o sort_n if_o any_o sphere_n whatsoever_o have_v a_o diameter_n of_o 14_o palm_n and_o shall_v be_v multiply_v by_o 3_o 1_o 7_o the_o circumference_n of_o the_o great_a circle_n contain_v it_o will_v be_v find_v to_o be_v 44_o who_o half_o be_v 22_o if_o it_o be_v multiply_v into_o the_o semidiameter_n 7_o there_o will_v arise_v the_o superficies_n of_o the_o great_a circle_n 154_o which_o number_n if_o we_o multiply_v by_o two_o three_o part_n of_o the_o diameter_n that_o be_v by_o 9â…“_n there_o will_v be_v produce_v the_o solidity_n of_o the_o say_a sphere_n to_o wit_n consist_v of_o 1437_o â…”_n cubic_n palm_n in_o the_o like_a sort_n may_v we_o work_v by_o mile_n or_o furlong_n in_o measure_v the_o whole_a terrestrial_a globe_n which_o be_v a_o more_o convenient_a measure_n for_o the_o massy_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n chap._n ix_o of_o the_o zone_n climate_n and_o parallel_n 1_o of_o the_o measure_n of_o the_o earth_n we_o have_v treat_v in_o our_o former_a chapter_n in_o the_o next_o place_n we_o must_v speak_v of_o the_o distinction_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n which_o be_v either_o in_o regard_n of_o space_n or_o distance_n 2_o space_n be_v portion_n in_o the_o sphere_n bound_v by_o the_o parallel_n circle_n such_o as_o be_v the_o zone_n climate_n and_o parallel_n 3_o these_o be_v again_o consider_v two_o way_n either_o in_o themselves_o or_o else_o in_o their_o adjunct_n or_o inhabitant_n belong_v to_o they_o 4_o a_o zone_n be_v a_o space_n include_v betwixt_o two_o lesser_a and_o name_v circle_n or_o else_o betwixt_o a_o lesser_a circle_n and_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n the_o space_n into_o which_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n be_v divide_v be_v either_o great_a or_o lesser_a the_o great_a be_v a_o hemisphere_n which_o arise_v out_o of_o one_o only_a circle_n by_o itself_o without_o the_o combination_n of_o more_o such_o be_v chief_o of_o three_o sort_n the_o first_o be_v make_v by_o the_o equatour_n which_o divide_v the_o whole_a globe_n into_o the_o north_n and_o the_o south_n hemisphere_n the_o second_o be_v of_o the_o meridian_n who_o office_n it_o be_v to_o part_v the_o earth_n into_o the_o eastern_a and_o western_a hemisphere_n the_o three_o of_o the_o horizon_n which_o divide_v the_o sphere_n into_o the_o upper_a and_o low_a half_n but_o these_o part_n arise_v as_o i_o say_v out_o of_o one_o only_a circle_n be_v handle_v before_o with_o the_o circle_n themselves_o in_o this_o place_n we_o be_v to_o speak_v of_o such_o part_n as_o arise_v out_o of_o the_o combination_n and_o respect_n of_o circle_n one_o with_o another_o such_o as_o be_v the_o zone_n climate_n and_o parallel_n a_o zone_n signify_v as_o much_o as_o a_o girdle_n or_o band_n because_o by_o it_o the_o space_n in_o the_o earth_n be_v as_o it_o be_v with_o large_a band_n compass_v about_o the_o grecian_n have_v sometime_o give_v this_o name_n zone_n to_o the_o orb_n of_o the_o planet_n as_o theon_n alexandrinus_n in_o his_o comment_n on_o aratus_n in_o these_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d there_o be_v say_v he_o in_o the_o heaven_n seven_o zone_n not_o contorminate_a with_o the_o zodiac_n whereof_o the_o first_o be_v possess_v by_o saturn_n the_o second_o by_o jupiter_n etc._n etc._n but_o this_o acception_n of_o the_o name_n be_v far_o off_o from_o our_o purpose_n the_o name_n zone_n as_o it_o be_v with_o we_o in_o use_n be_v by_o the_o latin_a poet_n render_v sometime_o facia_n sometime_o plaga_fw-la both_o signify_v one_o and_o the_o selfsame_o thing_n which_o be_v as_o much_o as_o a_o space_n comprehend_v within_o two_o name_v and_o lesser_a parallel_n or_o at_o least_o betwixt_o such_o a_o parallel_n and_o the_o pole_n itself_o because_o as_o we_o shall_v show_v hereafter_o zone_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n these_o zone_n be_v in_o number_n five_o which_o division_n have_v be_v familiar_a with_o our_o latin_a poet_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o these_o verse_n of_o virgil._n quinque_fw-la tenent_fw-la coelum_fw-la zonae_fw-la quarum_fw-la una_fw-la corusco_fw-la semper_fw-la sole_fw-la rubens_fw-la &_o torrida_fw-la semper_fw-la ab_fw-la igne_fw-la quam_fw-la circum_fw-la extremae_fw-la dextrâ_fw-la laeuáque_fw-la trahuntur_fw-la caerule_n â_fw-la glacie_n concretae_fw-la atque_fw-la imbribus_fw-la atris_fw-la have_v inter_fw-la mediamque_fw-la dvae_fw-la mortalibus_fw-la aegris_fw-la munere_fw-la concessae_fw-la diuûm_fw-la etc._n etc._n five_o zone_n engird_v the_o sky_n whereof_o one_o fry_v with_o fiery_a sunbeam_n and_o all_o scorch_a lie_n about_o which_o the_o far_a off_o on_o either_o hand_n the_o blew-eyed_n ice_n and_o brackish_a shower_n command_v betwixt_o these_o two_o and_o the_o midst_n the_o god_n do_v give_v a_o wholesome_a place_n for_o wretched_a man_n to_o live_v which_o description_n of_o virgil_n little_o differ_v from_o that_o we_o find_v in_o ovid_n in_o these_o verse_n duae_fw-la dextrâ_fw-la coelum_fw-la totidemque_fw-la sinistrâ_fw-la parte_fw-la secant_fw-la zonae_fw-la quinta_fw-la est_fw-la ardentior_fw-la illis_fw-la sic_fw-la onus_fw-la inclusum_fw-la numero_fw-la distinxit_fw-la eodem_fw-la cura_fw-la dei_fw-la totidemque_fw-la plagae_fw-la tellure_n premuntur_fw-la quarum_fw-la quae_fw-la media_fw-la est_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la habitabilis_fw-la aestu_fw-la nix_n â—egit_fw-la alta_fw-la dvas_fw-la totidem_fw-la inter_fw-la utramque_fw-la locavit_fw-la temperiemque_fw-la dedit_fw-la mista_fw-la cum_fw-la frigore_fw-la flamma_n two_o girdle_n on_o the_o right_a hand_n on_o the_o left_a as_o many_o cut_v the_o sky_n more_o hot'_v the_o five_o so_o god_n divide_v with_o a_o equal_a hand_n into_o so_o many_o parcel_n cut_v the_o land_n the_o midst_n through_o heat_n afford_v no_o dweller_n ease_n the_o deep_a snow_n wrap_v up_o two_o but_o betwixt_o these_o and_o the_o other_o region_n be_v two_o place_n set_v where_o frost_n be_v mix_v with_o fire_n and_o cold_a with_o heat_n but_o because_o this_o enumeration_n and_o description_n of_o the_o zone_n set_v down_o by_o the_o poet_n seem_v too_o popular_a and_o general_a we_o will_v more_o special_o divide_v they_o according_a to_o the_o method_n of_o our_o time_n in_o this_o manner_n 5_o the_o zone_n be_v either_o untemperate_a or_o temperate_a the_o untemperate_a be_v again_o twofold_a either_o cold_a or_o hot_a 6_o the_o intemperate_a hot_a zone_n be_v the_o space_n contain_v betwixt_o the_o two_o tropic_n circle_n of_o cancer_n and_o capricorn_n how_o unapt_o these_o name_n of_o temperate_a &_o untemperate_a agree_v to_o the_o zone_n consider_v in_o their_o own_o nature_n we_o shall_v speak_v in_o our_o second_o part_n yet_o because_o i_o think_v it_o unfit_a to_o use_v other_o term_n than_o the_o ancient_n i_o will_v not_o coin_n new_a name_n this_o zone_n or_o space_n include_v betwixt_o the_o two_o tropic_n circumscribe_v within_o it_o two_o great_a circle_n whereof_o the_o one_o be_v the_o equatour_n run_v just_a in_o the_o midst_n neither_o incline_v to_o the_o north_n or_o south_n the_o other_o be_v the_o ecliptic_a oblique_o cross_v it_o and_o meeting_n the_o two_o tropic_n twice_o in_o a_o year_n in_o the_o spring_n and_o autumn_n the_o extent_n or_o breadth_n of_o this_o zone_n then_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o distance_n betwixt_o these_o two_o tropic_n to_o wit_n 47_o degree_n which_o make_v 2820_o mile_n because_o from_o the_o equatour_n to_o either_o
every_o region_n or_o country_n a_o special_a quality_n or_o temper_n although_o lie_v or_o situate_a under_o the_o same_o latitude_n but_o here_o exclude_v all_o concurrent_a cause_n which_o may_v vary_v the_o temper_n of_o the_o soil_n we_o consider_v the_o disposition_n of_o a_o place_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o it_o depend_v on_o the_o heavenly_a influence_n oâ—_n operation_n in_o which_o sense_n we_o can_v deny_v to_o a_o place_n of_o like_a 〈◊〉_d a_o like_a nature_n for_o as_o philosopher_n use_v to_o speak_v simile_n qua_fw-la simile_n semper_fw-la aptum_fw-la natum_fw-la est_fw-la simile_n producere_fw-la like_a cause_n always_o produce_v like_o effect_n so_o the_o heaven_n in_o like_a distance_n be_v dispose_v alike_o as_o well_o in_o regard_n of_o light_a as_o influence_n can_v but_o affect_v â—hose_v part_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o selfsame_o manner_n for_o the_o instrument_n by_o which_o the_o heaven_n work_n on_o inferior_a body_n as_o we_o have_v show_v be_v light_a and_o influenceâ—_n for_o both_o the_o light_n and_o influence_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o in_o place_n of_o equal_a latitude_n and_o respect_n to_o the_o equatour_n it_o be_v cast_v equal_o both_o the_o one_o and_o â—he_v other_o be_v imagine_v to_o be_v carry_v in_o direct_a lâ—â—es_n of_o 〈◊〉_d which_o with_o the_o horizon_n make_v like_o angle_n now_o that_o the_o validity_n or_o weakness_n of_o the_o operative_a ray_n be_v to_o be_v judge_v according_a to_o the_o right_n or_o oblique_a incidency_n make_v right_a or_o oblique_a angle_n no_o mathematician_n will_v gain_v say_v but_o here_o we_o must_v note_v by_o the_o way_n that_o we_o only_o consider_v the_o heaven_n aâ—â—ording_v to_o his_o general_a infâ—â—ence_n or_o operation_n depend_v chief_o on_o the_o sun_n not_o of_o the_o special_a operation_n of_o special_a star_n for_o it_o may_v be_v some_o particular_a constellation_n in_o the_o northern_a hemisphere_n may_v be_v endow_v with_o some_o special_a influence_n which_o be_v not_o find_v in_o the_o southern_a or_o the_o south_n in_o this_o kind_n go_v beyond_o the_o north._n but_o this_o kind_n of_o influence_n be_v rare_a and_o hard_a to_o fond_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o various_a mixture_n of_o diverse_a constellation_n in_o their_o operation_n in_o the_o same_o subject_n and_o howsoever_o it_o be_v well_o know_v yet_o it_o be_v not_o so_o notable_a to_o take_v place_n before_o this_o common_a rule_n which_o we_o shall_v find_v to_o take_v place_n if_o not_o exact_o yet_o common_o throughout_o the_o whole_a terrestrial_a sphere_n thus_o bodin_n show_v a_o great_a likeness_n betwixt_o the_o high_a germany_n and_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o pantagones_n in_o the_o south_n part_n of_o america_n out_o of_o the_o great_a stature_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n which_o must_v needs_o proceed_v out_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o place_n which_o be_v find_v to_o be_v situate_a very_o near_o under_o the_o same_o parallel_n the_o like_a correspondency_n have_v we_o note_v betwixt_o guinea_n in_o africa_n and_o that_o part_n as_o it_o be_v think_v of_o the_o south_n continent_n which_o they_o have_v for_o this_o cause_n term_v nova_fw-la guinea_n many_o more_o parallel_n in_o this_o kind_n may_v be_v find_v out_o but_o these_o may_v suffice_v in_o so_o evident_a a_o matter_n 2_o the_o northern_a hemisphere_n be_v the_o masculine_a the_o southern_a the_o feminine_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n it_o have_v be_v a_o usual_a kind_n of_o speech_n among_o man_n to_o term_v such_o thing_n as_o be_v strong_a worthy_a or_o great_a masculine_a on_o the_o contrary_a side_n such_o thing_n feminine_a as_o be_v find_v deficient_a and_o want_v in_o these_o perfection_n by_o which_o kind_n of_o metaphor_n take_v from_o the_o sex_n in_o live_a creature_n they_o have_v ascribe_v to_o the_o northern_a hemisphere_n a_o masculine_a temper_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o southern_a which_o come_v faâ—re_v short_a of_o it_o for_o howsoever_o no_o cause_n can_v be_v show_v in_o regard_n of_o the_o heaven_n as_o be_v teach_v in_o our_o former_a proposition_n except_o by_o some_o special_a constellation_n of_o the_o south_n which_o be_v full_a of_o uncertainty_n and_o as_o soon_o deny_v as_o affirm_v yet_o come_v it_o to_o pass_v by_o some_o hide_a property_n of_o the_o place_n themselves_o or_o at_o least_o some_o casual_a accident_n or_o other_o thaâ—_n these_o two_o hemisphere_n suffer_v a_o great_a and_o notable_a disparity_n for_o against_o the_o large_a and_o fertile_a territory_n of_o the_o northern_a hemisphere_n contain_v in_o it_o whole_o europe_n and_o asia_n with_o the_o great_a part_n of_o america_n and_o africa_n we_o shall_v find_v beside_o some_o few_o scatter_a land_n only_a three_o continent_n to_o oppose_v to_o wit_n a_o small_a part_n of_o africa_n the_o great_a part_n of_o america_n perâ—ana_n contain_v in_o it_o peru_n brasile_n and_o the_o region_n of_o the_o pâ—ntagâ—nâ—s_n aâ—d_v the_o south_n continent_n call_v tâ—rra_n australiâ—_n incâ—gnita_fw-la and_o by_o some_o other_o the_o south_n indies_n for_o the_o former_a lie_v near_o the_o cape_n of_o good_a hope_n if_o we_o will_v credit_v the_o relation_n of_o our_o own_o merchant_n we_o shall_v find_v the_o air_n by_o reason_n of_o 〈◊〉_d very_o diâ—â—â—mpâ—rated_v situate_v betwixt_o the_o equatour_n and_o the_o tropic_n of_o capricâ—râ—â—_n the_o land_n very_o barren_a the_o inhabitant_n of_o a_o brâ—tish_a disposition_n want_v aâ—_n it_o be_v all_o sense_n of_o science_n or_o religion_n bear_v heavy_a as_o yet_o the_o curse_n of_o noah_n the_o first_o father_n of_o that_o african_a nation_n for_o america_n peruana_n we_o shall_v find_v it_o perhaps_o more_o happy_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o soil_n although_o little_a better_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n yet_o for_o the_o plenty_n of_o gold-mine_n whereof_o they_o can_v chief_o vaunt_v we_o shall_v find_v it_o far_o surmount_v by_o the_o east_n indies_n or_o at_o least_o paralelled_a by_o america_n mexicana_n lie_v on_o this_o side_n the_o equiâ—oâ—tiall_a â—â—rclâ—_n for_o other_o commodity_n as_o cattle_n fruitâ—_n herbage_n spiâ—eâ—_n gummâ—â—_n and_o other_o medicinable_a root_n and_o mineral_n less_o question_n can_v be_v make_v as_o be_v far_o inferior_a to_o europe_n asia_n mexicana_n and_o other_o region_n include_v within_o ouâ—_n northern_a partition_n of_o the_o three_o and_o great_a which_o be_v the_o south_n continent_n no_o conjecture_n can_v be_v well_o ground_v be_v in_o â—_o manner_n all_o undiscovered_a except_o some_o small_a quillet_n on_o the_o border_n of_o it_o by_o which_o if_o we_o may_v judge_v of_o all_o the_o rest_n we_o shall_v almost_o give_v the_o same_o judgement_n as_o of_o the_o other_o the_o want_n of_o discovery_n in_o this_o age_n of_o we_o wherein_o navigation_n â—â—th_v be_v perfect_v and_o cherish_v be_v no_o small_a argument_n 〈…〉_z inferior_a in_o commodity_n to_o other_o place_n neither_o have_v â—he_n â—lacknesse_n of_o the_o spaniard_n giveâ—_n that_o occasion_n of_o complaint_n to_o ferdinand_n de_fw-fr quiâ—_n the_o late_a discoverer_n of_o some_o of_o these_o part_n have_v not_o the_o spanish_a king_n think_v such_o a_o expedition_n either_o altogether_o fruitless_a or_o to_o little_a purpose_n for_o who_o know_v not_o the_o spâ—niard_n to_o be_v â—_o nâ—tion_n â—s_n covetous_a of_o richesse_n as_o ambitious_a to_o pursue_v 〈◊〉_d sovereignty_n as_o such_o who_o will_v more_o willing_o expoâ—â—_n the_o life_n of_o their_o own_o subject_n then_o loose_a the_o least_o title_n over_o other_o country_n this_o may_v be_v a_o probable_a argument_n that_o thâ—s_v continent_n have_v not_o as_o yet_o so_o well_o smile_v on_o the_o ambition_n of_o this_o proud_a nation_n as_o some_o other_o â—_z for_o political_a and_o martial_a affair_n how_o far_o short_a iâ—_n conâ—â—s_v of_o our_o northern_a hemisphere_n i_o shall_v speak_v in_o due_a place_n where_o i_o shall_v handle_v the_o 〈◊〉_d disposition_n of_o diverse_a inhabitant_n according_a to_o their_o situation_n to_o find_v out_o the_o true_a cause_n of_o this_o diversity_n be_v very_o difficult_a to_o seekâ—_n a_o reason_n in_o some_o particular_a consteâ—â—ation_n and_o 〈◊〉_d in_o the_o heaven_n or_o some_o special_a disposition_n of_o the_o soyâ—â—_n be_v too_o general_a to_o give_v satisfaction_n and_o too_o uncertain_a to_o enforce_v credulity_n yet_o put_v these_o aside_o i_o can_v only_o guess_v at_o two_o reason_n which_o be_v accidental_a yet_o strengthen_v with_o good_a probability_n the_o first_o and_o great_a be_v that_o bitter_a curse_n casâ—_n on_o chaâ—_n and_o his_o posterity_n by_o his_o father_n noah_n which_o no_o doubt_n be_v second_v by_o god_n dipleasure_n take_v place_n in_o his_o habitation_n thâ—â—_n all_o these_o nation_n spring_v from_o cham_n â—_o darenot_v not_o confident_o avouch_v yet_o for_o the_o most_o part_n it_o be_v probable_a they_o be_v of_o this_o race_n for_o the_o african_n it_o be_v out_o of_o â—_z as_o warrant_a by_o the_o
black_a lion_n which_o we_o can_v ascribe_v to_o no_o other_o cause_n then_o the_o excess_n of_o heat_n and_o not_o to_o any_o quality_n of_o the_o seed_n or_o any_o curse_n inflict_v on_o the_o place_n moreover_o it_o be_v report_v by_o ferdinando_n de_fw-fr quir_n in_o his_o late_a discovery_n of_o the_o south_n continent_n that_o he_o there_o also_o find_v some_o black_a people_n yet_o can_v we_o not_o imagine_v this_o land_n though_o stretch_v very_o far_o in_o quantity_n towards_o the_o equinoctial_a to_o come_v so_o far_o or_o much_o far_a than_o the_o tropic_n of_o capricorn_n these_o argument_n make_v it_o the_o more_o probable_a that_o the_o region_n situate_v under_o the_o tropic_n general_o exceed_v more_o in_o heat_n than_o those_o place_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o earth_n under_o the_o line_n 2_o in_o the_o other_o extreme_a section_n from_o 60_o degree_n towards_o the_o pole_n the_o first_o 15_o degree_n towards_o the_o equatour_n be_v more_o moderate_o cold_a the_o other_o towards_o the_o pole_n most_o immoderate_o cold_a and_o unapt_a for_o convenient_a habitation_n that_o this_o section_n of_o 30_o degree_n comprehend_v betwixt_o the_o 60_o degree_n and_o the_o pole_n be_v in_o a_o sort_n habitable_a be_v confirm_v by_o the_o testimony_n of_o many_o navigatour_n especial_o the_o english_a and_o hollander_n who_o have_v adventure_v very_o far_o northward_o and_o have_v there_o find_v the_o earth_n though_o not_o so_o fruitful_a yet_o furnish_v with_o some_o commodity_n and_o people_v with_o inhabitant_n the_o first_o 15_o degree_n towards_o the_o equatour_n admit_v of_o no_o great_a exception_n contain_v in_o their_o extent_n finmarke_n bodia_n in_o scandia_n nova_fw-la zembla_n auian_n groenland_n with_o many_o other_o place_n indifferent_o discover_v where_o they_o have_v indeed_o find_v the_o air_n very_o cold_a in_o regard_n of_o this_o of_o we_o yet_o not_o so_o immoderate_a but_o that_o it_o can_v at_o all_o time_n agree_v with_o the_o natural_a temper_n of_o the_o native_a inhabitant_n and_o at_o least_o at_o some_o time_n of_o the_o year_n admit_v a_o passage_n for_o foreign_a nation_n but_o the_o other_o region_n stretch_v northward_o from_o 75_o degree_n to_o the_o pole_n itself_o howsoever_o it_o may_v be_v probable_o think_v habitable_a yet_o afford_v it_o no_o convenient_a mean_n and_o sustenance_n for_o man_n life_n in_o respect_n of_o other_o place_n neither_o can_v the_o people_n of_o this_o climate_n enjoy_v any_o good_a complexion_n or_o temperament_n of_o the_o four_o quality_n for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o cold_a with_o they_o be_v so_o predominant_a that_o it_o choke_v and_o almost_o extinguish_v the_o natural_a hâ—at_n whence_o hypocrates_n say_v that_o they_o be_v dry_v up_o which_o be_v a_o cause_n of_o their_o swarthy_a colour_n and_o dwarfish_a stature_n which_o assertion_n of_o he_o can_v obtain_v no_o credit_n but_o of_o such_o northern_a people_n as_o live_v near_o the_o pole_n nevertheless_o we_o shall_v not_o find_v these_o poor_a northern_a nation_n so_o destitute_a altogether_o of_o vital_a aide_n but_o that_o their_o want_n be_v in_o some_o sort_n recompense_v by_o the_o benefit_n of_o nature_n the_o chief_a comfort_n in_o this_o kind_n which_o we_o enjoy_v and_o they_o seem_v to_o want_v be_v heat_n and_o light_n the_o defect_n of_o heat_n be_v somewhat_o mollify_v 1_o by_o the_o sun_n stay_v so_o long_o above_o their_o horizon_n as_o 6_o month_n and_o by_o consequence_n impress_v into_o the_o air_n a_o great_a degree_n of_o heat_n 2_o by_o the_o natural_a custom_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n never_o acquaint_v with_o any_o other_o temperature_n both_o which_o reason_n we_o have_v former_o allege_v 3_o by_o the_o industry_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v teach_v by_o necessity_n to_o preserve_v themselves_o during_o the_o wintertime_n in_o cave_n stove_n and_o such_o like_a place_n heat_v with_o continual_a fire_n the_o defect_n of_o which_o providence_n be_v think_v to_o be_v the_o ruin_n of_o sr_n hugh_n willoughby_n intend_v a_o search_n of_o the_o north-east_n passage_n on_o the_o north_n of_o lapland_n and_o russia_n to_o recompense_v the_o defect_n of_o light_n nature_n have_v provide_v two_o way_n 1_o in_o that_o the_o sun_n in_o his_o parallel_n come_v near_a and_o near_o to_o the_o horizon_n give_v they_o a_o long_a time_n of_o glimmer_a light_n both_o before_o his_o rise_n and_o after_o his_o set_n which_o may_v serve_v they_o instead_o of_o day_n 2_o for_o that_o the_o sun_n and_o star_n by_o reason_n of_o a_o refraction_n in_o a_o vaporous_a and_o foggy_a horizon_n appeâ—reâ—â—o_o theâ—_n sometime_o before_o he_o be_v true_o rise_v which_o cause_v the_o hollander_n nova_fw-la zombla_fw-fr to_o wonder_v why_o they_o shall_v see_v the_o sun_n diverse_a day_n before_o according_a to_o their_o account_n he_o be_v to_o rise_v above_o their_o horizon_n according_a to_o astronomical_a ground_n which_o problem_n have_v stagger_v all_o the_o mathematician_n of_o the_o world_n have_v not_o the_o perspective_n science_n step_v in_o to_o give_v a_o answer_n 3_o in_o the_o middle_a section_n betwixt_o 30_o and_o 60_o degree_n of_o latitude_n the_o first_o 15_o be_v temperate_o hot_a the_o other_o 15_o more_o incline_v to_o cold._n the_o middle_a region_n partake_v a_o mixture_n of_o both_o extreme_n towit_n of_o the_o cold_a region_n towards_o the_o pole_n and_o the_o hot_a towards_o the_o equatour_n whence_o it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o the_o more_o any_o part_n of_o this_o tract_n approach_v the_o hot_a region_n under_o the_o tropic_n and_o equatour_n the_o more_o it_o must_v partake_v of_o heat_n yet_o this_o heat_n be_v mitigate_v by_o some_o cold_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o fire_n of_o the_o sun_n it_o must_v of_o necessity_n be_v temperate_a and_o very_a apt_a for_o humane_a habitation_n also_o this_o mixture_n of_o the_o cold_a quality_n be_v more_o extend_v and_o increase_v on_o the_o other_o moiety_n towards_o the_o pole_n through_o the_o vicinity_n of_o the_o cold_a region_n must_v loose_v much_o of_o the_o former_a heat_n which_o shall_v hereafter_o be_v more_o confirm_v out_o of_o the_o natural_a constitution_n and_o complexion_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n bear_v the_o true_a mark_n of_o external_a cold_a and_o internal_a heat_n whereof_o the_o one_o be_v strengthen_v by_o the_o other_o for_o the_o external_a cold_a if_o it_o be_v not_o over_o predominant_a and_o too_o much_o for_o the_o internal_a heat_n will_v by_o a_o antiperistasis_n keep_v in_o and_o condensate_a this_o heat_n make_v it_o more_o fervent_a and_o vigorous_a 6_o the_o east_n and_o west_n hemisphere_n be_v bound_v and_o divide_v by_o the_o meridian_n pass_v by_o the_o canary_n and_o the_o molucco_n land_n 7_o the_o east_n hemisphere_n reach_v from_o the_o canary_n the_o moluccoe_n on_o this_o side_n as_o the_o other_o on_o the_o opposite_a part_n of_o the_o sphere_n we_o may_v here_o note_v a_o great_a difference_n betwixt_o this_o division_n and_o the_o former_a foâ—_n the_o north_n and_o south_n hemisphere_n be_v divide_v by_o the_o equatour_n be_v part_v as_o it_o be_v by_o nature_n itself_o and_o the_o sun_n motion_n but_o the_o division_n of_o the_o globe_n into_o east_n and_o west_n we_o can_v ascribe_v to_o no_o other_o cause_n than_o man_n institution_n yet_o be_v the_o eastern_a and_o the_o western_a find_v to_o differ_v many_o way_n the_o discovery_n of_o which_o may_v give_v great_a light_n to_o observation_n 1_o the_o eastern_a hemisphere_n wherein_o we_o live_v be_v every_o way_n happy_a and_o worthy_a than_o the_o other_o westward_o how_o far_o short_a the_o western_a hemisphere_n come_v of_o this_o of_o we_o many_o circumstance_n may_v declare_v for_o first_o if_o we_o compare_v the_o quantity_n of_o land_n we_o shall_v find_v a_o great_a disparity_n for_o the_o western_a hemisphere_n contain_v in_o it_o beside_o the_o southern_a continent_n wherein_o ourâ—_n also_o claim_v a_o moiety_n only_a america_n with_o the_o land_n thereunto_o adjoin_v whereas_o the_o other_o within_o this_o large_a circuit_n contain_v all_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n know_v unto_o the_o ancient_n as_o europe_n asia_n and_o africa_n with_o many_o land_n to_o they_o annex_v moreover_o it_o be_v probable_o conjecture_v by_o some_o that_o america_n be_v usual_o on_o our_o map_n and_o globe_n especial_o the_o more_o ancient_a paint_a and_o delineate_v out_o great_a than_o indeed_o it_o be_v which_o have_v be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o fraudulent_a deceit_n of_o the_o portugall_n heretofore_o who_o to_o the_o end_n they_o may_v reduce_v the_o molucco_n land_n to_o the_o east_n indies_n than_o their_o own_o possession_n seek_v as_o well_o in_o their_o map_n as_o relation_n to_o curtail_v asia_n and_o enlarge_v america_n in_o such_o sort_n as_o the_o molucâ—o_v land_n may_v seem_v to_o fall_v within_o the_o 180_o degree_n eastward_o wherein_o they_o
be_v many_o kind_n mention_v by_o navigatour_n the_o first_o and_o chief_a be_v that_o which_o they_o call_v the_o etesian_a wind_n which_o be_v observe_v to_o blow_v every_o year_n from_o the_o north-east_n about_o the_o rise_n of_o dogstar_n and_o oftentimes_o continue_v about_o 40_o day_n this_o wind_n drive_v the_o sea_n from_o pontus_n into_o the_o egean_a sea_n even_o so_o far_o as_o egypt_n in_o the_o second_o place_n may_v we_o range_v such_o wind_n as_o be_v call_v chelidonian_n because_o they_o arise_v at_o the_o first_o come_v of_o the_o swallow_n it_o blow_v sometime_o from_o the_o direct-west_n so_o that_o of_o some_o it_o be_v take_v to_o be_v the_o same_o sometime_o from_o the_o northwest_n so_o that_o with_o other_o it_o be_v account_v among_o the_o north_n wind_n these_o chelidonian_a wind_n drive_v from_o the_o north_n or_o northwest_n still_o fill_v all_o the_o mediterranean_a even_o to_o the_o coast_n of_o syria_n and_o palestine_n and_o continue_v in_o the_o summer_n time_n for_o many_o day_n together_o in_o the_o three_o place_n may_v we_o account_v that_o wind_n which_o columbus_n perceive_v on_o the_o coast_n of_o portugal_n come_v over_o the_o atlantic_a ocean_n which_o at_o some_o time_n of_o the_o year_n be_v carry_v high_a at_o other_o time_n cleave_v as_o it_o be_v to_o the_o bosom_n of_o the_o sea_n whence_o he_o probable_o conjecture_v that_o it_o be_v derive_v from_o some_o moist_a land_n whereon_o he_o adventure_v on_o the_o first_o search_n of_o america_n and_o lay_v the_o first_o work_n of_o that_o discovery_n four_o to_o these_o wind_n may_v be_v reduce_v those_o yearly_a flow_n of_o the_o persian_a and_o indian_a sea_n which_o the_o portugal_n mariner_n call_v motion_n the_o persian_a sea_n suffer_v such_o a_o kind_n of_o motion_n every_o year_n while_o the_o sun_n run_v through_o the_o southern_a degree_n and_o when_o he_o arrive_v at_o the_o end_n of_o sagittarius_fw-la it_o be_v shake_v with_o a_o extraordinary_a great_a tempest_n on_o the_o contrary_a side_n the_o indian_a sea_n while_o the_o persian_a be_v move_v be_v observe_v to_o rest_n without_o any_o great_a motion_n and_o when_o the_o persian_a be_v still_o it_o suffer_v great_a motion_n especial_o when_o the_o sun_n first_o enter_v into_o cancer_n this_o last_o motion_n seem_v to_o be_v not_o only_o derive_v from_o the_o provincial_a wind_n but_o some_o other_o concurrent_a cause_n whether_o these_o wind_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o current_n before_o speak_v of_o be_v a_o very_a disputable_a point_n which_o i_o leave_v to_o other_o to_o search_v out_o of_o every_o set_a wind_n blow_v a_o part_n of_o the_o year_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o america_n acosta_n treat_v at_o large_a to_o which_o he_o ascribe_v the_o current_n forspeak_v of_o in_o this_o chapter_n 2_o the_o violence_n of_o wind_n make_v the_o sea_n sometime_o in_o some_o place_n transcend_v his_o ordinary_a bound_n how_o far_o the_o sea_n by_o violence_n of_o wind_n have_v trespass_v on_o the_o land_n many_o have_v learn_v to_o their_o great_a loss_n and_o calamity_n it_o be_v observe_v sometime_o in_o the_o venetian_a shore_n that_o the_o sea_n drive_v with_o wind_n swell_v so_o high_a that_o overflow_a all_o the_o bank_n and_o channel_n the_o inhabitant_n be_v enforce_v to_o row_v in_o boat_n from_o house_n to_o house_n their_o cistern_n be_v infect_v with_o salt-water_n and_o their_o precious_a water_n in_o vault_n and_o cellar_n spoil_v the_o like_a have_v heretofore_o be_v find_v if_o we_o will_v credit_v history_n in_o the_o belgic_a sea_n on_o which_o the_o northwest_o wind_v blow_n with_o such_o vehemency_n and_o so_o long_o that_o it_o break_v down_o the_o ordinary_a bank_n and_o in_o zealand_n and_o holland_n swallow_v up_o many_o town_n with_o infinite_a multitude_n of_o people_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v warrant_v by_o a_o report_n i_o have_v hear_v of_o many_o travayler_n that_o in_o a_o calm_a tide_n the_o top_n of_o tower_n and_o steeple_n have_v be_v see_v above_o the_o water_n beside_o these_o instance_n we_o may_v add_v the_o testimony_n of_o strabo_n and_o aristotle_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr munda_fw-la with_o diverse_a other_o relation_n of_o strange_a inundation_n whereof_o we_o shall_v have_v more_o occasion_n to_o speak_v hereafter_o chap._n vii_o of_o the_o depth_n situatio_fw-la and_o termination_n of_o the_o sea_n 1_o the_o absolute_a propriety_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v hitherto_o pass_v over_o we_o will_v consider_v next_o the_o comparative_a which_o agree_v to_o the_o sea_n no_o otherwise_o then_o in_o respect_n or_o comparison_n with_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v chief_o threâ—_n 1_o depth_n 2_o situation_n 3_o termination_n 2_o the_o depth_n or_o profundity_n be_v the_o distance_n betwixt_o the_o bottom_n and_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n to_o find_v out_o the_o absolute_a depth_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v a_o matter_n of_o the_o great_a difficulty_n and_o by_o many_o thought_n impossible_a in_o respect_n as_o well_o of_o the_o immensity_n of_o it_o in_o many_o place_n where_o no_o line_n can_v as_o of_o the_o various_a place_n too_o many_o to_o be_v search_v out_o by_o man_n industry_n yet_o where_o absolute_a science_n fail_v there_o probable_a conjecture_n take_v place_n and_o be_v best_a accept_v which_o we_o will_v venture_v to_o propose_v in_o this_o oâ—r_n theorem_a 1_o the_o ordinary_a depth_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v common_o answerable_a to_o the_o ordinary_a height_n of_o the_o main_a land_n above_o the_o water_n and_o the_o whirlpool_n and_o extraordinary_a depth_n answer_v to_o the_o height_n of_o the_o mountain_n above_o the_o ordinary_a height_n of_o the_o earth_n it_o have_v be_v a_o common_a receive_a opinion_n among_o ancient_a cosmographer_n that_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v measure_v by_o a_o line_n and_o plummet_n seldom_o exceed_v two_o or_o three_o mile_n except_o in_o some_o few_o place_n near_o suevian_a shore_n and_o some_o place_n about_o pontus_n observe_v by_o pliny_n but_o as_o breedwood_n a_o worthy_a late_a writer_n observe_v this_o position_n be_v not_o to_o be_v understand_v general_o but_o only_o of_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o streit_n or_o narrow_a sea_n which_o be_v perhaps_o only_o search_v by_o then_o ancient_n who_o dwell_v far_o from_o the_o main_a ocean_n but_o another_o account_n be_v necessary_o to_o be_v give_v of_o the_o main_a ocean_n this_o be_v a_o matter_n of_o great_a uncertainty_n we_o will_v follow_v the_o conceit_n of_o the_o forename_a author_n it_o have_v be_v show_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n that_o the_o most_o probable_a opinion_n concern_v the_o manner_n of_o the_o first_o separation_n of_o the_o dry_a land_n from_o the_o waâ—ers_n will_v have_v the_o earth_n by_o the_o creation_n to_o be_v cut_v into_o diverse_a sluice_n &_o channel_n apt_a to_o receive_v water_n now_o these_o material_a pâ—rts_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v take_v out_o to_o give_v way_n to_o hollowness_n be_v not_o utter_o annihilate_v but_o by_o a_o almighty_a hand_n in_o some_o other_o place_n make_v by_o their_o addition_n the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o such_o place_n high_a than_o before_o whence_o by_o reason_n it_o seem_v to_o be_v collect_v that_o the_o ordinary_a eminency_n of_o the_o height_n of_o the_o earth_n at_o oâ—e_a the_o water_n shall_v be_v answerable_a to_o the_o ordinary_a depth_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o if_o hill_n and_o mountain_n be_v compare_v we_o may_v sâ—t_v they_o against_o the_o deep_n and_o extraordinary_a while-poole_n and_o gull_n and_o so_o betwixt_o the_o sea_n and_o land_n and_o the_o part_n of_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o we_o may_v settle_v a_o kind_n of_o agreement_n and_o proportion_n in_o a_o matter_n of_o so_o great_a uncertainty_n no_o man_n will_v expect_v a_o evident_a domonstraâ—ion_n 3_o the_o site_n be_v the_o position_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o respect_n oâ—_n the_o earth_n concern_v the_o site_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o earth_n we_o must_v consider_v the_o water_n and_o earth_n two_o way_n first_o absolute_o as_o they_o be_v element_n and_o solid_a body_n second_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o superficies_n of_o either_o if_o we_o consider_v the_o whole_a solid_a body_n of_o the_o water_n as_o that_o of_o the_o earth_n we_o must_v confess_v without_o all_o doubt_n that_o the_o water_n have_v the_o high_a place_n be_v light_a than_o the_o earth_n of_o which_o situation_n we_o have_v speak_v in_o the_o first_o book_n for_o although_o some_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v think_v by_o most_o as_o we_o shall_v prove_v to_o be_v above_o some_o part_n of_o the_o water_n yet_o be_v this_o of_o no_o sensible_a proportion_n in_o respect_n of_o that_o vast_a mass_n of_o earth_n couch_v under_o the_o water_n betwixt_o they_o and_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n but_o the_o question_n be_v here_o
and_o compass_n dare_v not_o adventure_v into_o the_o ocean_n so_o far_o out_o of_o sight_n of_o land_n but_o to_o give_v the_o opposite_a part_n all_o reasonable_a advantage_n admit_v the_o strait_n divide_v asia_n and_o america_n be_v very_o narrow_a and_o within_o ken_n be_v it_o likely_a that_o from_o hence_o thâ—y_o can_v by_o ship_n transport_v so_o many_o knde_n of_o creature_n can_v we_o believe_v any_o man_n to_o be_v so_o mad_a as_o to_o carry_v over_o with_o he_o lion_n bear_n tiger_n fox_n and_o other_o innumerable_a sort_n of_o ravenous_a and_o unprofitable_a beast_n as_o pernicious_a to_o mankind_n as_o other_o creature_n serve_v for_o his_o use_n if_o any_o be_v find_v so_o foolish_a or_o malicious_a yet_o be_v it_o very_o unlikely_a he_o shall_v transport_v so_o many_o kind_n this_o argument_n seem_v no_o more_o to_o concern_v america_n than_o most_o land_n of_o the_o world_n wherein_o we_o find_v diverse_a creature_n not_o only_o serve_v for_o the_o use_n of_o man_n but_o many_o unprofitable_a &_o hateful_a to_o the_o inhabitant_n the_o mean_n of_o this_o transportation_n be_v very_o difficult_a to_o find_v st_n augustine_n with_o some_o other_o divine_n have_v be_v drive_v to_o a_o supernatural_a cause_n as_o if_o almighty_a god_n shall_v perform_v this_o matter_n by_o the_o ministry_n of_o angel_n which_o answer_v we_o dare_v not_o utter_o reject_v be_v support_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o so_o great_a a_o pillar_n of_o the_o church_n yet_o i_o can_v so_o easy_o imagine_v that_o god_n who_o use_v natural_a mean_n for_o the_o preservation_n of_o all_o live_a creature_n in_o the_o ark_n shall_v have_v recourse_n to_o a_o supernatural_a power_n in_o the_o propagation_n of_o these_o creature_n on_o the_o face_n of_o the_o earth_n wherefore_o to_o i_o the_o reason_n will_v seem_v better_o answer_v out_o of_o our_o ground_n which_o we_o shall_v prove_v hereafter_o that_o land_n be_v not_o from_o the_o first_o creation_n but_o afterward_o break_v from_o the_o main_a continent_n by_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o water_n hence_o it_o may_v come_v to_o pass_v that_o such_o beast_n as_o be_v in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n so_o break_v off_o have_v since_o there_o continue_v by_o continual_a propagation_n until_o this_o day_n i_o mean_v of_o ravenous_a and_o hurtful_a beast_n because_o of_o the_o other_o less_o doubt_n can_v be_v make_v but_o that_o they_o may_v be_v convey_v from_o one_o country_n into_o another_o by_o ship_v to_o serve_v the_o necessity_n of_o mankind_n here_o we_o see_v that_o no_o argument_n as_o yet_o have_v be_v urge_v so_o strong_a against_o the_o north-passage_n but_o may_v with_o reasonable_a probability_n be_v answer_v it_o remain_v in_o the_o second_o place_n that_o we_o descend_v somewhat_o to_o particular_n to_o inquire_v whether_o this_o be_v to_o be_v effect_v either_o towards_o the_o north-east_n or_o the_o northwest_n the_o north-east_n passage_n have_v heretofore_o be_v attempt_v by_o many_o of_o our_o english_a navigatour_n but_o with_o unhappy_a success_n yet_o be_v not_o these_o voyage_n altogether_o fruitless_a forasmuch_o as_o by_o this_o mean_n a_o way_n be_v find_v out_o to_o russia_n whence_o begin_v the_o first_o trade_n between_o we_o and_o the_o russian_a merchant_n but_o that_o little_a hope_n can_v hence_o arise_v sundry_a reason_n may_v be_v allege_v the_o chief_a whereof_o be_v these_o 1_o the_o dangerous_a rend_n of_o the_o scythick_n cape_n set_v by_o ortelius_n under_o 80_o degree_n northward_o together_o with_o the_o perilous_a sail_v in_o those_o northern_a sea_n always_o pester_v with_o ice_n and_o snow_n second_v by_o diverse_a bay_n or_o shelf_n mist_n fog_n long_a and_o darksome_a night_n most_o adverse_a to_o any_o happy_a navigation_n 2_o the_o observation_n of_o the_o water_n which_o be_v more_o shallow_a towards_o the_o east_n which_o give_v small_a hope_n of_o a_o through_o passage_n because_o all_o sea_n be_v feed_v with_o water_n and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v observe_v to_o be_v more_o shallow_a towards_o the_o shore_n then_o in_o the_o middle_n but_o where_o in_o sail_v forward_o any_o sea_n be_v find_v to_o decrease_v in_o depth_n it_o be_v a_o likely_a argument_n that_o it_o be_v rather_o a_o creek_n bay_fw-mi or_o river_n than_o a_o straight_o notwithstanding_o these_o reason_n some_o have_v heretofore_o go_v about_o to_o prove_v a_o passage_n by_o the_o north-east_n to_o cathay_n of_o which_o opinion_n be_v antony_n jenkinson_n who_o reason_n be_v well_o answer_v by_o sr_n humphrey_n gilbert_n which_o i_o brief_o touch_v add_v some_o thing_n of_o my_o own_o as_o i_o find_v occasion_n the_o first_o reason_n be_v draw_v from_o a_o relation_n of_o tartarian_a who_o report_v that_o in_o hunt_v the_o morse_n he_o sail_v very_o far_o towards_o the_o southeast_n wherein_o he_o find_v no_o end_n which_o may_v give_v a_o likely_a conjecture_n that_o it_o be_v a_o passage_n throughout_o but_o to_o this_o we_o may_v easy_o answer_v that_o the_o tartarian_n be_v a_o barbarous_a nation_n altogether_o ignorant_a of_o navigation_n which_o neither_o know_v the_o use_n of_o the_o chart_fw-la compass_n or_o celestial_a observation_n &_o therefore_o in_o a_o wide_a sea_n know_v not_o how_o to_o distinguish_v the_o north-east_n from_o the_o southeast_n beside_o the_o curious_a search_n of_o this_o long_a passage_n must_v depend_v on_o better_a discovery_n than_o a_o poor_a fisherman_n who_o seldom_o dare_v adventure_v himself_o out_o of_o sight_n of_o land_n beside_o the_o fisherman_n judge_v by_o sight_n can_v not_o see_v about_o a_o ken_n at_o sea_n which_o will_v prove_v nothing_o in_o regard_n of_o so_o long_a a_o distance_n the_o second_o reason_n urge_v by_o mr_n jenkinson_n be_v this_o that_o there_o be_v a_o vnicorne_n horn_n find_v upon_o the_o coast_n of_o tartary_n which_o can_v not_o come_v say_v he_o by_o any_o other_o mean_v then_o with_o the_o tide_n in_o some_o straight_o in_o the_o north-east_n in_o the_o freeze_a sea_n there_o be_v no_o unicorn_n in_o all_o asia_n save_v in_o iâ—dia_n and_o cataia_n to_o this_o reason_n i_o may_v answer_v with_o sr_n humphrey_n gilbert_n many_o way_n 1_o we_o may_v well_o doubt_v whether_o tartarian_n know_v a_o true_a unicorn_n horn_n or_o no_o 2_o it_o be_v credible_a that_o it_o can_v be_v drive_v so_o far_o by_o the_o tide_n be_v of_o such_o a_o nature_n that_o it_o can_v swim_v 3_o the_o tide_n run_v to_o and_o fro_o will_v have_v drive_v it_o as_o far_o back_o with_o the_o ebb_n as_o it_o bring_v it_o forward_o with_o the_o flood_n 4_o the_o horn_n which_o be_v cast_v on_o this_o coast_n may_v be_v the_o horn_n of_o a_o asinus_fw-la indicuâ—_fw-la which_o have_v but_o one_o horn_n like_o a_o unicorn_n in_o his_o forehead_n whereof_o there_o be_v great_a plenty_n in_o all_o the_o north_n part_n as_o in_o lappia_n norvegia_n finmarke_n as_o zeigler_n testify_v in_o his_o history_n of_o scandia_n 5_o last_o there_o be_v a_o fish_n which_o have_v a_o horn_n in_o his_o sore-head_n câ—lled_v the_o sea_n unicorn_n whereof_o martin_n frobisher_n find_v one_o on_o the_o coast_n of_o newfoundland_n and_o give_v it_o to_o queen_n elizabeth_n which_o be_v say_v to_o be_v put_v into_o her_o wardrobe_n but_o whether_o it_o be_v the_o same_o which_o be_v at_o this_o day_n to_o be_v see_v at_o windsor_n castle_n i_o can_v tell_v the_o three_o and_o strong_a reason_n which_o be_v urge_v for_o the_o north-east_n passage_n be_v this_o that_o there_o be_v a_o continual_a current_n through_o the_o freeze_a sea_n of_o such_o swiftness_n that_o if_o any_o thing_n be_v throw_v into_o the_o water_n it_o will_v present_o be_v carry_v out_o of_o sight_n to_o this_o we_o may_v easy_o answer_v that_o this_o strong_a current_n be_v not_o maintain_v by_o any_o tide_n come_v from_o another_o sea_n but_o by_o diverse_a great_a river_n fall_v into_o this_o straight_a in_o like_a sort_n we_o find_v a_o strong_a current_n from_o maeotis_n palus_n by_o pontus_n euxinus_n sinus_n bosphorus_n and_o along_o all_o the_o coast_n of_o greci_fw-la as_o contarenus_n and_o diverse_a other_o affirm_v out_o of_o their_o own_o experience_n and_o yet_o the_o sea_n lie_v not_o open_a to_o any_o other_o sea_n but_o be_v maintain_v by_o tanais_n and_o diverse_a other_o river_n so_o in_o this_o north-east_n part_n may_v this_o current_n of_o water_n be_v maintain_v by_o the_o river_n duâ—â—a_n ob_fw-la and_o many_o other_o which_o continual_o fall_v into_o it_o hitherto_o have_v we_o treat_v of_o other_o passage_n either_o effect_v or_o attempt_v to_o cathay_n and_o the_o east_n indies_n the_o last_o and_o most_o desire_a and_o seek_v in_o our_o time_n be_v that_o by_o the_o north_n west_n this_o way_n have_v be_v often_o attempt_v as_o by_o cabot_n davis_n frobisher_n hudson_n sr_n thomas_n button_n and_o
other_o but_o as_o yet_o not_o find_v out_o neither_o have_v it_o more_o trouble_v the_o industry_n of_o mariner_n than_o the_o wit_n of_o scholar_n which_o we_o shall_v find_v by_o discourse_n write_v of_o that_o subject_n the_o absolute_a decision_n of_o this_o controversy_n we_o must_v leave_v to_o time_n only_o such_o probability_n as_o i_o chance_v to_o meet_v with_o i_o will_v faithful_o set_v down_o to_o give_v encouragement_n to_o their_o deserve_a labour_n who_o shall_v farther_o attempt_v the_o search_n and_o full_a discovery_n of_o this_o northwest_n passage_n the_o reason_n i_o find_v urge_v i_o may_v well_o reduce_v to_o three_o head_n the_o first_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o testimony_n and_o opinion_n of_o ancient_a writer_n the_o second_v from_o the_o relation_n and_o discovery_n of_o late_a navigator_n from_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o seven_o till_o our_o age_n the_o three_o and_o last_o from_o the_o last_o and_o new_a adventure_n of_o man_n of_o our_o time_n either_o late_o dead_a or_o live_a to_o begin_v with_o the_o first_o we_o shall_v from_o the_o testimony_n of_o plato_n in_o timaeo_n as_o also_o in_o his_o dialogue_n callâ—â—_n critias_n draw_v a_o probable_a argument_n for_o there_o he_o makâ—s_v relation_n of_o a_o incomparable_a great_a island_n name_v atlantis_n of_o large_a extent_n than_o europe_n and_o asia_n which_o be_v situate_a westward_o from_o the_o straits_n of_o gibraltar_n and_o navigable_a round_a abouâ—_n the_o prince_n of_o this_o island_n according_a to_o plato_n report_n heretofore_o extend_v their_o government_n over_o a_o great_a part_n of_o europe_n and_o africa_n to_o second_v which_o opinion_n of_o plato_n we_o shall_v read_v in_o marinus_n siouâ—us_o his_o history_n of_o spain_n that_o in_o the_o american_n golden_a mine_n discover_v by_o columbus_n there_o have_v be_v find_v certain_a piece_n of_o coin_n engrave_v with_o the_o name_n and_o image_n of_o augustus_n caesâ—r_n which_o be_v afterward_o send_v to_o the_o pope_n by_o john_n rufus_n archbishop_n of_o consentium_n whence_o a_o probable_a conjecture_n seem_v to_o be_v ground_v that_o america_n in_o those_o day_n be_v both_o people_v and_o discover_v now_o it_o appear_v again_o noâ—_n only_o by_o plato_n but_o also_o by_o the_o opinion_n of_o mansilius_fw-la â—icinus_fw-la crantor_n proclus_n and_o philo_n judaeus_fw-la be_v witness_v in_o their_o learned_a commentary_n on_o plato_n that_o this_o island_n call_v atlantis_n some_o 600_o year_n before_o plato_n time_n suffer_v a_o extraordinary_a inundation_n &_o be_v swallow_v up_o by_o water_n other_o like_a example_n whereof_o we_o shâ—l_v produce_v many_o hereafter_o in_o place_n convenient_a admit_v these_o testimony_n of_o antiquity_n whereof_o we_o ought_v to_o cherish_v a_o reverend_a esteem_n these_o consectary_n will_v seem_v to_o offer_v themselves_o by_o way_n of_o necessary_a consequence_n 1_o that_o this_o island_n atlantis_n be_v the_o same_o which_o afterward_o from_o americus_n vesputius_n get_v the_o name_n america_n because_o we_o find_v no_o island_n in_o the_o atlantic_a ocean_n which_o come_v near_o that_o greatness_n and_o quantity_n assign_v by_o plato_n 2_o that_o this_o atlantis_n or_o america_n in_o those_o day_n at_o least_o be_v a_o island_n because_o they_o report_v it_o to_o be_v navigable_a round_o about_o 3_o it_o must_v stand_v with_o great_a reason_n &_o probability_n that_o this_o land_n be_v a_o island_n before_o plato_n time_n shall_v be_v so_o still_o if_o at_o least_o it_o come_v not_o near_o to_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o island_n at_o this_o day_n than_o before_o for_o either_o this_o relation_n of_o the_o overflow_a of_o this_o land_n be_v true_a or_o false_a if_o at_o all_o deserve_v credit_n more_o reason_n be_v that_o it_o shall_v be_v navigable_a round_o about_o then_o before_o insomuch_o that_o the_o water_n in_o this_o manner_n swell_v high_a will_v soon_o fret_v through_o and_o cause_v a_o passage_n then_o make_v a_o stoppage_n 4_o this_o passage_n must_v of_o necessity_n be_v towards_o the_o northwest_n where_o america_n be_v divide_v from_o asia_n by_o the_o streite_n of_o aâ—ian_n which_o opinion_n seem_v better_a warrant_v forasmuch_o as_o we_o find_v it_o second_v by_o the_o description_n of_o many_o geographer_n of_o great_a name_n and_o authority_n as_o gemma_fw-la frisâ—us_fw-la munster_n appian_n hunâ—erus_n guicciardine_n michael_n tramasiâ—us_n franciscus_n demongenitus_n bernardus_n puteanus_n andrea_n vanasor_n tramontanus_n peter_n martyr_n and_o ortelius_n in_o his_o general_a map_n who_o all_o have_v describe_v america_n as_o a_o exact_a island_n set_v down_o all_o the_o coast_n and_o country_n on_o the_o northwest_n sea_n of_o america_n from_o hoche-laga_a as_o far_o as_o gape_v haremantia_n all_o these_o learned_a man_n have_v with_o one_o voice_n describe_v or_o report_v america_n for_o a_o island_n he_o shall_v show_v but_o a_o slender_a esteem_n of_o antiquity_n or_o favour_n of_o too_o much_o selfe-conceite_n who_o shall_v offer_v to_o contradict_v this_o first_o argument_n i_o confess_v spin_a out_o into_o so_o many_o circumstance_n seem_v at_o first_o sight_n to_o carry_v a_o great_a show_n of_o truth_n but_o upon_o sound_a examination_n will_v be_v find_v very_o defective_a and_o uncertain_a carry_v more_o probability_n in_o the_o conclusion_n than_o the_o premise_n daâ—e_n to_o justify_v how_o many_o paralogisme_n and_o uncertain_a ground_n be_v involve_v in_o this_o reason_n let_v my_o ingenious_a reader_n judge_v 1_o whether_o plato_n report_n of_o this_o atlantis_n be_v a_o true_a relation_n ground_v on_o experience_n and_o observation_n or_o a_o pleasant_a fiction_n derive_v from_o the_o poet_n of_o that_o time_n wherewith_o the_o grecia_n learning_n be_v much_o infect_v 2_o how_o come_v it_o to_o be_v think_v probable_a that_o plato_n in_o those_o day_n shall_v be_v so_o exact_a in_o delineat_v out_o the_o bound_n of_o this_o new-world_n who_o be_v so_o ignorant_a in_o the_o old_a as_o to_o think_v europe_n and_o asia_n to_o be_v inferior_a in_o greatness_n to_o america_n which_o notwithstanding_o he_o think_v to_o be_v a_o island_n 3_o how_o shall_v so_o famous_a a_o king_n as_o atlas_n stretch_v his_o monarchy_n as_o the_o author_n of_o this_o reason_n report_n from_o america_n to_o a_o great_a part_n of_o europe_n and_o africa_n in_o that_o vast_a gulf_n of_o time_n slip_n away_z with_o so_o slight_a a_o mention_n that_o there_o be_v such_o a_o prince_n as_o atlas_n i_o make_v no_o question_n upon_o who_o fame_n and_o greatness_n the_o poet_n ground_v that_o fiction_n of_o raise_v up_o the_o vault_n of_o heaven_n with_o his_o shoulder_n but_o whether_o this_o atlas_n ever_o see_v america_n my_o reader_n must_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o make_v a_o doubt_n the_o ignorance_n of_o navigation_n in_o those_o time_n wherein_o occasion_n have_v not_o bring_v to_o light_v the_o chart_n &_o compass_n together_o with_o the_o huge_a vastness_n of_o the_o atlantic_a ocean_n will_v speak_v my_o apology_n 4_o the_o find_n of_o coin_n grave_v with_o the_o image_n and_o inscription_n of_o augustus_n caesar_n in_o the_o american_n mine_n seem_v to_o i_o more_o ridiculous_a than_o all_o the_o rest_n we_o find_v the_o act_n and_o conquest_n of_o caesar_n and_o pompey_n in_o europe_n and_o asia_n and_o some_o part_n of_o africa_n particular_o set_v down_o by_o the_o grave_a writer_n of_o that_o time_n we_o find_v augustus_n caesar_n for_o some_o petty_a conquest_n against_o barbarous_a people_n emblason_v by_o the_o poet_n of_o that_o time_n to_o the_o high_a pitch_n of_o their_o invention_n we_o may_v observe_v the_o age_n wherein_o augustus_n live_v to_o be_v the_o flourish_n and_o pride_n of_o all_o the_o roman_a learning_n and_o himself_o the_o idol_n and_o subject_n of_o most_o of_o their_o poetical_a flattery_n have_v the_o happiness_n to_o be_v invest_v in_o the_o empire_n in_o such_o a_o time_n wherein_o the_o roman_a monarchy_n have_v be_v too_o much_o wound_v with_o a_o civil_a dissension_n be_v willing_a to_o admire_v her_o worst_a physician_n and_o can_v any_o man_n be_v so_o senseless_a to_o imagine_v that_o the_o discovery_n of_o the_o golden_a world_n shall_v pass_v away_o cloud_v in_o such_o a_o flatter_a age_n without_o any_o mention_n can_v not_o so_o much_o as_o the_o name_n be_v register_v to_o teach_v posterity_n the_o way_n to_o so_o rich_a a_o empire_n for_o my_o own_o part_n i_o can_v ascribe_v this_o if_o the_o history_n deserve_v credit_n to_o nothing_o else_o but_o the_o pride_n and_o imposture_n of_o the_o spaniard_n who_o we_o observe_v in_o all_o relation_n to_o be_v a_o most_o ingrateful_a nation_n who_o admire_v nothing_o but_o their_o own_o greatness_n have_v requite_v their_o best_a deserve_a benefactor_n with_o disgrace_n and_o obloquy_n strive_v to_o raze_v out_o their_o name_n and_o memory_n to_o who_o they_o owe_v the_o great_a glory_n columbus_n be_v a_o florentine_a and_o no_o
can_v speak_v of_o this_o reason_n but_o that_o i_o hold_v it_o better_a to_o cherish_v a_o hope_n of_o such_o a_o passage_n then_o by_o except_v against_o these_o ancient_a argument_n to_o discourage_v modern_a industry_n other_o probability_n may_v seem_v to_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o discovery_n of_o late_a navigatour_n since_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n the_o seven_o under_o who_o protection_n sebastian_n cabot_n undertake_v the_o discovery_n of_o the_o north-west_n cost_v in_o which_o he_o prevail_v as_o much_o as_o the_o alchemist_n who_o in_o seek_v out_o the_o philosopher_n stone_n have_v often_o miss_v of_o their_o aim_n yet_o by_o this_o mean_v invent_v many_o rare_a and_o excellent_a secret_n of_o use_n and_o admiration_n that_o cabot_n the_o same_o year_n discover_v as_o much_o of_o the_o northern_a part_n of_o america_n as_o columbus_n of_o the_o southern_a out_o of_o my_o small_a read_n seem_v to_o i_o no_o great_a question_n whence_o i_o can_v imagine_v that_o king_n philip_n of_o spain_n can_v in_o this_o new-found-world_n challenge_v a_o great_a interest_n than_o king_n charles_n of_o great_a britain_n a_o prince_n of_o those_o incomparable_a virtue_n which_o may_v be_v think_v worthy_a to_o own_o than_o the_o other_o to_o pretend_v to_o so_o great_a a_o sovereignty_n for_o the_o latter_a voyage_n &_o discovery_n of_o davis_n &_o frobisher_n for_o aught_o i_o see_v they_o promise_v scarce_o so_o much_o as_o hope_v which_o oftentimes_o flatter_v and_o deceive_v man_n with_o her_o best_a countenance_n but_o if_o we_o take_v up_o ware_n upon_o trust_n some_o will_v tell_v we_o of_o a_o portugal_n who_o make_v a_o voyage_n through_o this_o streitâ—_n northward_o call_v a_o promontory_n within_o the_o same_o after_o his_o name_n promontorium_n corterialis_n of_o scolmus_n a_o dane_n who_o pass_v a_o great_a part_n thereof_o but_o the_o most_o probable_a in_o my_o conjecture_n be_v that_o which_o sr_n humphrey_n gilbert_n report_v of_o one_o saluaterra_n a_o gentleman_n of_o victoria_n in_o spain_n who_o be_v say_v to_o have_v pass_v by_o chance_n out_o of_o the_o west_n indies_n into_o ireland_n in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1568_o who_o constant_o aver_v the_o northwest_n passage_n from_o we_o to_o cathay_n to_o be_v think_v navigable_a and_o far_o relate_v in_o the_o presence_n of_o sr_n henry_n sidney_n than_o lord_n deputy_n of_o ireland_n sr_n humphrey_n gilbert_n be_v then_o present_a that_o a_o friar_n of_o mexico_n call_v andrew_n vrdanetta_n more_o than_o eight_o year_n before_o his_o arrival_n tell_v he_o that_o they_o come_v from_o mare_n del_fw-it zur_n through_o this_o northwest_o straight_o into_o germany_n and_o show_v saluaterra_n be_v with_o he_o at_o that_o time_n in_o mexico_n a_o sea-chart_n make_v out_o of_o his_o own_o observation_n in_o that_o voyage_n wherein_o such_o a_o passage_n be_v express_v agree_v with_o ortelius_n his_o map_n moreover_o this_o friar_n tell_v the_o king_n of_o portugal_n in_o his_o return_n by_o that_o country_n homeward_o that_o have_v find_v such_o a_o northwest_n passage_n he_o mean_v short_o to_o make_v the_o same_o public_a but_o the_o king_n earnest_o entreat_v he_o not_o to_o discover_v this_o secret_a to_o any_o nation_n for_o that_o say_v he_o if_o england_n have_v knowledge_n and_o experience_n of_o it_o it_o will_v great_o hinder_v the_o king_n of_o spain_n and_o i_o this_o relation_n i_o can_v willing_o credit_v from_o the_o mouth_n of_o any_o other_o man_n then_o a_o friar_n of_o who_o palpable_a lie_n and_o fabulous_a invention_n in_o their_o flatter_a letter_n to_o the_o pope_n from_o both_o the_o indies_n we_o have_v sufficient_a experience_n nevertheless_o that_o future_a age_n may_v not_o despair_v of_o so_o worthy_a a_o attempt_n as_o the_o discovery_n of_o this_o passage_n it_o have_v please_v god_n to_o stir_v up_o the_o spirit_n and_o industry_n of_o two_o late_a navigatour_n hudson_n and_o sr_n thomas_n button_n who_o have_v reviue_v the_o forlorn_a hope_n of_o the_o former_a for_o the_o particular_n of_o who_o discovery_n i_o know_v not_o better_a where_o to_o refer_v my_o reader_n then_o to_o a_o curious_a map_n not_o long_o since_o set_v out_o by_o our_o worthy_a and_o learned_a professor_n mr_n brigges_n the_o argument_n i_o collect_v from_o thence_o be_v these_o express_v in_o his_o own_o word_n 1_o in_o the_o bottom_n of_o hudson_n bay_n where_o he_o winter_v the_o height_n of_o the_o tide_n be_v but_o two_o foot_n whereas_o by_o the_o nearness_n of_o the_o south_n sea_n in_o port_n nelson_n it_o be_v constant_o 15_o foot_n or_o more_o 2_o moreover_o in_o port_n nelson_n where_o sr_n thomas_n button_n do_v winter_n in_o 57_o degree_n he_o find_v the_o tide_n constant_o every_o twelve_o hour_n to_o rise_v 15_o foot_n or_o more_o and_o that_o a_o west_n wind_v make_v the_o nepe_a tide_n equal_a with_o the_o spring_n tide_n and_o the_o summer_n follow_v about_o the_o latitude_n of_o 60_o degree_n he_o find_v a_o strong_a race_n a_o tide_n run_v sometime_o eastward_o sometime_o westward_o 3_o to_o show_v the_o land_n towards_o the_o south-sea_n through_o which_o we_o seek_v to_o open_v this_o passage_n not_o to_o be_v so_o far_o off_o as_o our_o ordinary_a chart_n see_v to_o pretend_v may_v be_v probable_o aver_v in_o that_o california_n heretofore_o suppose_v to_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o western_a continent_n be_v since_o by_o a_o spanish_a chart_n take_v by_o the_o hollandor_n find_v to_o be_v a_o great_a island_n the_o length_n of_o the_o west_n shore_n be_v about_o 500_o league_n from_o cape_n mendocin_n to_o the_o south_n cape_n thereof_o call_v cape_n s._n lucas_n which_o may_v appear_v both_o by_o the_o spanish_a chart_n and_o by_o the_o report_n of_o francis_n gaul_n whereas_o in_o the_o ordinary_a chart_n it_o be_v express_v to_o be_v 1700_o league_n these_o argument_n i_o confess_v have_v swayde_v my_o opinion_n but_o not_o as_o yet_o absolute_o free_v i_o from_o doubt_n three_o query_n i_o must_v leave_v for_o the_o learned_a to_o consider_v and_o for_o the_o time_n to_o decide_v 1_o whether_o this_o relation_n of_o mariner_n concern_v the_o bay_n of_o sr_n thomas_n button_n and_o hudson_n be_v true_a or_o no_o no_o man_n will_v i_o suppose_v censure_v i_o as_o unmannerly_a for_o ask_v such_o a_o question_n consider_v how_o much_o many_o navigatour_n either_o by_o their_o mistake_n or_o their_o industrious_a falsity_n have_v deceive_v man_n credulity_n the_o one_o be_v incident_a to_o mankind_n which_o out_o of_o uncertain_a observation_n or_o unnecessary_a deduction_n from_o thence_o often_o draw_v a_o ill_a consequence_n the_o other_o the_o ordinary_a policy_n of_o discoverer_n who_o lest_o their_o travail_n may_v be_v think_v fruitless_a will_v at_o least_o promise_n hope_v in_o the_o reversion_n how_o many_o relation_n have_v be_v correct_v by_o experience_n of_o late_a navigatour_n every_o one_o may_v judge_v 2_o whether_o this_o strong_a tide_n in_o hudsons_n bay_n come_v from_o the_o west_n be_v from_o the_o south-sea_n or_o from_o the_o north_n betwixt_o the_o continent_n and_o diverse_a land_n by_o a_o inlet_n be_v not_o a_o matter_n as_o yet_o clear_o out_o of_o doubt_n terra_fw-la del_n fuogo_n be_v heretofore_o suppose_v to_o be_v a_o continent_n till_o schouten_n in_o his_o discovery_n find_v it_o to_o be_v a_o island_n and_o a_o large_a sea_n beyond_o it_o towards_o the_o south_n likewise_o newfoundland_n in_o all_o our_o former_a map_n and_o globe_n express_v as_o a_o part_n of_o the_o main_a of_o america_n be_v by_o late_a experience_n find_v to_o be_v a_o island_n and_o why_o may_v not_o this_o happen_v in_o the_o other_o that_o at_o the_o entrance_n into_o hudsons_n bay_n the_o land_n on_o the_o right_a hand_n shall_v be_v cleave_v into_o many_o land_n betwixt_o which_o the_o water_n issue_v shall_v be_v turn_v in_o such_o sort_n as_o it_o may_v seem_v to_o proceed_v from_o the_o west_n since_o the_o tide_n take_v their_o beginning_n from_o the_o main_a sea_n and_o continue_v through_o some_o straight_o common_o follow_v the_o crooked_a wind_n of_o the_o channel_n 3_o that_o california_n be_v a_o island_n it_o may_v for_o aught_o i_o know_v be_v well_o warrant_v but_o the_o evidence_n draw_v from_o the_o spanish_a chart_n seem_v rather_o to_o cherish_v hope_n then_o persuade_v consent_n in_o this_o which_o i_o have_v speak_v of_o these_o worthy_a man_n conjecture_n i_o have_v rather_o express_v my_o doubt_n than_o my_o opinion_n esteem_v notwithstanding_o that_o doubt_n almost_o &_o heresy_n which_o shall_v discourage_v any_o generous_a and_o deserve_a spirit_n from_o a_o far_a attempt_n of_o this_o north-west-passage_n chap._n viii_o of_o sea-trafficke_n and_o merchandise_n 1_o of_o the_o internal_a affection_n of_o the_o sea_n we_o have_v speak_v it_o remain_v now_o that_o we_o treat_v of_o the_o
ground_n yet_o these_o few_o instance_n draw_v from_o the_o particular_a disposition_n of_o the_o earth_n itself_o can_v much_o impeach_v our_o proposition_n which_o take_v notice_n only_o of_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o cardinal_a point_n of_o north_n and_o south_n compare_v with_o the_o heaven_n chap._n xi_o 1_o hitherto_o have_v we_o treat_v of_o the_o absolute_a adjunct_n of_o the_o land_n we_o be_v now_o to_o speak_v of_o the_o relative_n which_o imply_v a_o respect_n of_o the_o land_n to_o the_o sea_n 2_o from_o this_o termination_n of_o the_o land_n with_o the_o sea_n there_o arise_v a_o twofold_a distinction_n the_o first_o be_v of_o the_o land_n into_o continent_n and_o land_n 3_o a_o continent_n be_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o land_n consist_v of_o many_o kingdom_n and_o region_n not_o divide_v by_o water_n the_o one_o from_o the_o other_o a_o island_n be_v a_o parcel_n of_o land_n compass_v round_o with_o the_o sea_n a_o island_n be_v call_v in_o latin_a insula_n quasi_fw-la in_o salo_fw-la because_o it_o stand_v in_o the_o sea_n some_o will_v have_v it_o in_o english_a term_v a_o island_n as_o it_o be_v eye_n of_o the_o land_n but_o this_o derivation_n seem_v affect_v and_o not_o natural_a it_o may_v seem_v more_o natural_o to_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o french_a l'isle_n but_o we_o will_v not_o dispute_v of_o the_o name_n it_o be_v enough_o to_o understand_v that_o a_o island_n be_v a_o portion_n of_o the_o habitable_a earth_n every_o where_o environ_v with_o the_o sea_n orat_fw-la least_o with_o some_o great_a river_n but_o this_o last_o sense_n seem_v more_o improper_a than_o the_o other_o yet_o oftentimes_o use_v as_o meroe_n in_o africa_n a_o island_n of_o nilus_n and_o the_o island_n of_o eely_n in_o england_n to_o this_o be_v oppose_v the_o continent_n as_o that_o land_n which_o be_v not_o divide_v and_o separate_v by_o the_o sea_n contain_v in_o it_o many_o empire_n and_o kingdom_n as_o europe_n asia_n africa_n america_n all_o which_o as_o far_o as_o we_o can_v yet_o gather_v be_v unite_v and_o join_v together_o in_o one_o continuate_a land_n strabo_n affirm_v out_o of_o this_o in_o his_o 1_o boooke_v and_o first_o chapter_n of_o geography_n that_o the_o whole_a earth_n be_v one_o island_n since_o all_o these_o know_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v compass_v about_o with_o the_o sea_n on_o every_o side_n but_o this_o opinion_n can_v stand_v with_o reason_n or_o modern_a observation_n first_o because_o this_o acception_n be_v too_o large_a for_o as_o much_o as_o a_o island_n be_v proper_o take_v for_o a_o small_a part_n divide_v from_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o land_n and_o oppose_v to_o the_o continent_n whereas_o if_o this_o sense_n be_v admit_v the_o distinction_n of_o land_n into_o continent_n and_o island_n will_v have_v no_o place_n or_o at_o least_o the_o same_o in_o a_o diverse_a respect_n may_v be_v call_v a_o continent_n and_o a_o island_n but_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o land_n be_v always_o oppose_v to_o the_o continent_n to_o which_o although_o separate_v by_o water_n they_o be_v suppose_v to_o belong_v as_o to_o europe_n asia_n africa_n america_n or_o magellanica_fw-la or_o some_o other_o as_o geographer_n have_v reduce_v they_o second_o because_o it_o be_v a_o bold_a conjecture_n to_o think_v the_o whole_a world_n to_o consist_v only_o of_o those_o part_n find_v out_o in_o strabos_n time_n for_o beside_o the_o two_o part_n of_o america_n since_o that_o time_n discover_v by_o columbus_n another_o great_a portion_n be_v since_o that_o time_n find_v out_o in_o the_o south_n by_o the_o conjecture_n of_o ferdinando_n de_fw-fr quir_n come_v near_o the_o quantity_n of_o europe_n asia_n and_o africa_n which_o howsoever_o it_o be_v round_o environ_v with_o sea_n and_o therefore_o may_v seem_v a_o island_n yet_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o greatness_n of_o it_o and_o the_o many_o region_n and_o kingdom_n it_o contain_v it_o may_v well_o be_v repute_v a_o continent_n to_o which_o many_o lesser_a land_n belong_v 1_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o land_n be_v not_o from_o the_o first_o creation_n but_o be_v make_v afterward_o either_o by_o the_o universal_a deluge_n or_o some_o other_o violence_n of_o the_o water_n it_o have_v be_v the_o opinion_n of_o diverse_a learned_a man_n that_o land_n werâ—_n not_o only_o before_o the_o flood_n but_o from_o the_o first_o creation_n of_o the_o world_n because_o they_o seem_v no_o less_o to_o make_v for_o the_o ornament_n of_o the_o earth_n then_o diverse_a lake_n and_o rivers_n disperse_v on_o the_o land_n but_o this_o argument_n seem_v very_o weak_a first_o because_o a_o great_a ornament_n seem_v to_o consist_v in_o uniformity_n then_o confusion_n beside_o the_o ornament_n must_v not_o be_v measure_v by_o our_o fantasy_n but_o god_n almighty_a pleasure_n and_o will_n express_v in_o his_o own_o workmanship_n and_o that_o he_o create_v land_n in_o the_o beginning_n be_v the_o thing_n in_o question_n that_o land_n be_v not_o from_o the_o creation_n many_o probable_a reason_n be_v allege_v first_o â—rom_o the_o word_n in_o the_o 1_o of_o genesis_n dixit_fw-la verò_fw-la deus_fw-la congregentur_fw-la aequae_fw-la quae_fw-la sub_fw-la coelo_fw-la sunt_fw-la in_fw-la locum_fw-la unum_fw-la &_o appareat_fw-la arida_fw-la &_o factum_fw-la est_fw-la ita_fw-la &_o vocavit_fw-la deus_fw-la aridam_fw-la terram_fw-la congregationesque_fw-la aquarum_fw-la appellavit_fw-la maria_fw-la by_o which_o may_v be_v collect_v that_o the_o water_n be_v gather_v together_o in_o their_o own_o place_n by_o themselves_o and_o therefore_o have_v no_o such_o intercourse_n betwixt_o land_n and_o land_n as_o now_o they_o have_v admit_v land_n wherefore_o it_o be_v more_o probable_a that_o such_o land_n as_o now_o appear_v be_v either_o cause_v by_o that_o universal_a deluge_n of_o noah_n or_o by_o some_o other_o accident_n for_o it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o the_o sea_n on_o the_o land_n somewhere_o gain_v and_o otherwhere_a in_o recompense_n of_o it_o it_o lose_v again_o as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o 14_o of_o genesis_n where_o it_o be_v say_v of_o the_o come_n together_o of_o certain_a king_n he_o omnes_fw-la convenâ—runt_fw-la in_o vallem_fw-la syluestrem_fw-la quae_fw-la nunc_fw-la est_fw-la mare_fw-la salis_fw-la out_o of_o which_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o that_o parcel_n of_o ground_n which_o be_v a_o woody_a place_n in_o the_o time_n of_o abraham_n be_v before_o the_o time_n of_o moses_n become_v the_o salt_n sea_n many_o example_n of_o the_o like_a be_v give_v we_o by_o pliny_n in_o his_o natural_a history_n which_o we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o urge_v hereafter_o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v no_o hard_a thing_n to_o believe_v that_o since_o the_o first_o beginning_n of_o the_o world_n all_o land_n may_v be_v produce_v in_o this_o sort_n another_o argument_n by_o which_o they_o will_v establish_v this_o opinion_n be_v that_o we_o see_v almost_o all_o land_n of_o the_o earth_n not_o only_o inhabit_v of_o mankind_n but_o also_o furnish_v with_o diverse_a kind_n of_o beast_n some_o tame_a some_o wild_a some_o wholesome_a some_o venomous_a some_o useful_a some_o altogether_o unprofitable_a now_o it_o seem_v very_o unlikely_a that_o man_n bâ—ing_v in_o elder_a time_n and_o now_o also_o in_o most_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n altogether_o unskilful_a in_o the_o art_n of_o navigation_n shall_v venture_v so_o far_o on_o the_o main_a ocean_n to_o people_n country_n so_o far_o distant_a since_o at_o this_o day_n wherein_o navigation_n be_v arrive_v at_o a_o great_a perfection_n have_v the_o help_n both_o of_o the_o chart_n and_o compass_n altogether_o unknown_a unto_o the_o ancient_n we_o see_v most_o nation_n very_o scrupulous_a in_o search_v out_o far_o remote_a country_n but_o admit_v this_o be_v overcome_v by_o man_n industry_n which_o no_o doubt_n be_v much_o increase_v by_o necessity_n yet_o can_v it_o be_v very_o probable_a that_o so_o many_o sundry_a kind_n of_o beast_n shall_v in_o this_o sort_n be_v transport_v for_o howsoever_o we_o conjecture_v concern_v such_o beast_n as_o necessary_o serve_v for_o man_n sustenance_n yet_o seem_v it_o hard_o to_o think_v that_o man_n shall_v be_v so_o improvident_a and_o envious_a to_o the_o place_n of_o his_o own_o habitation_n as_o to_o transport_v ravenous_a venomous_a unwholesome_a and_o unprofitable_a creature_n for_o by_o no_o other_o meâ—nes_n but_o by_o transportation_n can_v such_o beast_n be_v imagine_v to_o be_v bring_v into_o land_n for_o the_o first_o original_n of_o all_o creature_n in_o the_o creation_n be_v in_o or_o near_a paradise_n which_o we_o shall_v prove_v to_o have_v be_v â—n_o the_o continent_n of_o asia_n the_o second_o seminary_n be_v in_o the_o ark_n which_o by_o the_o testimony_n of_o the_o scripture_n be_v first_o disburden_v in_o the_o same_o continent_n how_o from_o hence_o they_o shall_v spread_v themselves_o into_o land_n be_v the_o
which_o one_o place_n in_o position_n bear_v to_o another_o here_o a_o nation_n be_v divide_v into_o 1_o the_o northern_a or_o southern_a 2_o the_o eastern_a or_o western_a 4_o the_o northern_a be_v place_v in_o the_o north_n hemisphere_n betwixt_o the_o aequatour_n and_o the_o arctic_a pole_n the_o southern_a on_o the_o opposite_a side_n betwixt_o the_o aequatour_n and_o the_o antarctic_a pole_n of_o the_o northern_a and_o southern_a inhabitant_n we_o speak_v not_o here_o respective_o as_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o same_o hemisphere_n but_o absolute_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o two_o hemisphere_n and_o their_o inhabitant_n how_o these_o 2_o hemisphere_n of_o north_n and_o south_n be_v vary_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o quantity_n and_o disposition_n of_o the_o soil_n be_v decipher_v before_o what_o diversity_n shall_v be_v find_v in_o the_o people_n or_o inhabitant_n shall_v be_v show_v in_o this_o theorem_a 1_o the_o people_n of_o the_o northern_a hemisphere_n aswell_o in_o riches_n and_o magnificence_n as_o valour_n science_n and_o civil_a government_n far_o surpass_v the_o people_n of_o the_o south_n hemisphere_n the_o people_n of_o the_o northern_a hemisphere_n we_o understand_v to_o be_v the_o european_n the_o asiatickes_n the_o hithermost_a africanâ—_n be_v the_o great_a part_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o america_n mexicana_n with_o the_o hithermost_a part_n of_o america_n peruana_n together_o with_o the_o people_n inhabit_v the_o unknown_a land_n lie_v under_o the_o arctic_a pole_n with_o all_o the_o land_n belong_v to_o each_o of_o these_o the_o people_n of_o the_o southern_a hemisphere_n contain_v a_o moiety_n southward_o of_o the_o african_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o america_n peruana_n for_o the_o most_o part_n the_o people_n of_o the_o tâ—rra_n australis_fw-la incognita_fw-la or_o the_o soutth_v indies_n with_o some_o ilandâ—_n belong_v thereunto_o betwixt_o theâ—e_n two_o partition_n if_o we_o make_v a_o comparison_n we_o shall_v find_v a_o great_a disparity_n than_o ever_o any_o invention_n of_o man_n can_v any_o way_n reduce_v to_o any_o shadow_n of_o equality_n or_o any_o traveller_n observation_n â—ould_v ever_o step_v in_o to_o diminish_v to_o begin_v with_o the_o riches_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o 〈◊〉_d â—ase_v of_o it_o in_o any_o â—â—tion_n proceed_v either_o fâ—om_n the_o benefit_n of_o the_o soil_n or_o from_o the_o â—â—ill_n and_o diligence_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n the_o benefit_n of_o the_o soil_n either_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o ground_n or_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o soil_n in_o this_o southern_a part_n we_o have_v at_o large_a prove_v to_o be_v faâ—â—e_a â—nferioâ—â—_n to_o that_o of_o the_o northern_a hemisphere_n the_o diligence_n of_o the_o people_n we_o can_v measure_v no_o otherwise_o then_o â—y_a their_o traffic_n with_o foreign_a nation_n or_o their_o good_a husbandry_n of_o their_o own_o commodity_n their_o traffic_n with_o foreign_a nation_n be_v suspect_v to_o be_v little_a or_o nothing_o at_o â—ll_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o 〈◊〉_d theme_n inhabitant_n haâ—ing_v small_a commerce_n or_o knowledge_n of_o foreign_a nation_n and_o â—hat_n rather_o enforce_v by_o violence_n and_o â—_z they_o any_o way_n desâ—â—â—d_v of_o they_o whereas_o scarce_o can_v be_v find_v any_o nation_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o can_v by_o commerce_n or_o traffic_n with_o foreign_a country_n at_o least_o neighbour_a confine_n both_o strengthen_v themselves_o and_o draw_v riches_n from_o other_o nation_n less_o can_v be_v hope_v from_o their_o homebred_a industry_n which_o be_v content_a with_o sufficiency_n never_o aim_v at_o far_a riches_n then_o natural_a necessity_n seem_v to_o exact_v as_o may_v appear_v by_o all_o record_n and_o history_n almost_o which_o have_v treat_v of_o this_o matter_n if_o we_o consider_v the_o state_n &_o magnificene_a of_o either_o we_o shall_v acknowledge_v a_o great_a difference_n as_o disdain_v all_o comparison_n the_o first_o offpring_n of_o all_o nation_n owe_v itself_o as_o we_o have_v prove_v to_o our_o northern_a hemisphere_n which_o that_o almighty_a creator_n of_o all_o thing_n bless_v with_o knowledge_n and_o civil_a government_n before_o ever_o this_o southern_a coast_n be_v know_v or_o mention_v all_o the_o act_n of_o the_o old_a and_o new_a testament_n perform_v on_o this_o side_n of_o the_o aequatour_n can_v speak_v the_o state_n and_o magnificence_n of_o these_o nation_n leave_v the_o other_o as_o yet_o neglect_v without_o memory_n or_o history_n neither_o have_v the_o christian_a religion_n the_o true_a ground_n of_o all_o settle_a government_n ever_o be_v so_o propitious_a as_o to_o smile_v on_o these_o miserable_a nation_n as_o yet_o groan_v under_o the_o servile_a bond_n of_o gâ—oâ—â—e_n â—gnorance_n and_o pagan_a superstition_n where_o shall_v we_o find_v in_o any_o record_n or_o antiquity_n any_o state_n among_o they_o to_o parallel_v the_o four_o great_a monarchy_n of_o the_o aeâ—syrians_n mede_n and_o persian_n grecian_n and_o roman_n or_o the_o late_a rise_v out_o of_o their_o ash_n whereof_o this_o one_o age_n can_v produce_v no_o few_o example_n what_o place_n be_v extant_a at_o this_o day_n in_o europe_n asia_n the_o northern_a tract_n of_o africa_n or_o america_n some_o few_o desert_n only_o except_v which_o have_v not_o be_v either_o by_o knowledge_n receive_v from_o foreign_a nation_n or_o some_o other_o mean_n in_o some_o sort_n reduce_v to_o civility_n at_o least_o to_o have_v embrace_v some_o settle_a form_n of_o government_n whereas_o the_o region_n daily_o discover_v in_o the_o southern_a moiety_n be_v find_v most_o barbarous_a without_o law_n science_n or_o civility_n or_o if_o any_o such_o perfection_n show_v itself_o among_o they_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o it_o be_v owe_v altogether_o to_o the_o industry_n of_o the_o european_n who_o with_o great_a cost_n and_o travail_n â—ave_n bring_v they_o such_o riches_n whereof_o the_o poor_a wretch_n never_o know_v the_o want_n instead_o of_o â—o_o many_o colony_n send_v out_o of_o europe_n &_o asia_n into_o these_o southern_a region_n no_o record_n i_o suppose_v can_v mention_v one_o ever_o send_v from_o they_o unto_o us._n which_o be_v a_o argument_n of_o their_o ignorance_n and_o want_n of_o traffic_n what_o shall_v i_o speak_v of_o the_o valour_n and_o prowess_n of_o the_o northern_a inhabitant_n have_v by_o the_o sword_n erect_v so_o many_o kingdom_n and_o as_o it_o be_v without_o resistance_n bring_v into_o captivity_n those_o nation_n of_o the_o south_n of_o art_n and_o science_n what_o can_v be_v say_v but_o that_o the_o northern_a inhabitant_n have_v all_o and_o the_o other_o in_o a_o manner_n none_o for_o liberal_a and_o ingenious_a science_n and_o school_n and_o university_n disperse_v in_o most_o partâ—_n of_o europe_n and_o elsewhere_o can_v speak_v our_o glory_n which_o for_o aught_o i_o can_v ever_o learn_v the_o southern_a continent_n never_o see_v and_o admit_v they_o know_v â—ome_o thing_n in_o some_o mechanical_a art_n it_o be_v no_o more_o than_o necessity_n require_v neither_o in_o the_o number_n and_o extent_n of_o invention_n or_o curiousness_n of_o workmanship_n answerable_a to_o that_o we_o find_v at_o home_n the_o art_n of_o print_v &_o artillery_n be_v i_o suppose_v never_o of_o their_o acquaintance_n except_o perhaps_o the_o late_a which_o i_o dare_v swear_v have_v have_v better_a acquaintance_n then_o welcome_a as_o that_o which_o never_o show_v itself_o but_o to_o their_o ruin_n no_o objection_n can_v here_o take_v place_n in_o this_o comparison_n except_o some_o man_n suppose_v the_o monument_n and_o trophy_n of_o theâ—e_n nation_n either_o be_v very_o ancient_a have_v miscarry_v by_o time_n or_o else_o be_v of_o a_o new_a birth_n be_v hide_v want_v the_o light_n of_o discovery_n but_o this_o be_v a_o mere_a conjecture_n want_v ground_n for_o what_o antiquity_n or_o record_n can_v ever_o show_v so_o much_o as_o the_o footstep_n or_o mark_n of_o any_o such_o monument_n as_o for_o the_o country_n as_o yet_o undiscovered_a no_o better_o conjectural_a judgement_n can_v be_v give_v then_o by_o that_o which_o be_v already_o find_v for_o where_o all_o other_o reason_n and_o obsernation_n be_v silent_a i_o always_o hold_v equality_n the_o best_a measure_n another_o argument_n not_o inferior_a to_o the_o rest_n be_v the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o northern_a nation_n which_o without_o all_o question_n be_v far_o great_a than_o that_o of_o the_o southern_a because_o we_o can_v imagine_v any_o â—an_v so_o adventurous_a to_o pass_v into_o these_o remote_a quarter_n till_o such_o time_n as_o the_o place_n near_o adjoin_v grow_v too_o populous_a constrain_v they_o to_o seek_v out_o a_o new_a habitation_n which_o no_o man_n can_v conceiuâ—_n to_o be_v but_o in_o many_o year_n after_o the_o universal_a deluge_n 5_o each_o hemisphere_n with_o the_o inhabitant_n therein_o contain_v may_v again_o be_v divide_v according_a to_o the_o longitude_n or_o latitude_n according_a to_o the_o latitude_n inhabitant_n may_v be_v call_v either_o the_o
the_o goatish_a tongue_n of_o the_o spaniard_n to_o be_v change_v to_o a_o smooth_a and_o sweet_a pronunciation_n then_o that_o which_o be_v retain_v in_o scythia_n i_o speak_v not_o of_o the_o latin_a mixture_n out_o of_o the_o mere_a goatish_a word_n which_o we_o shall_v perceive_v mollify_v with_o more_o vowel_n and_o set_v to_o a_o sweet_a termination_n the_o like_a may_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o hebrew_n tongue_n which_o as_o josephus_n abudachnon_n sometime_o a_o reader_n in_o this_o university_n observe_v to_o the_o ear_n sound_v far_o sweet_a in_o the_o arabian_a turkish_a and_o persian_a dialect_n then_o its_o own_o original_a not_o that_o it_o be_v in_o they_o more_o perfect_a which_o be_v impiety_n to_o believe_v but_o because_o man_n in_o pronounce_v of_o a_o language_n prefer_v pleasure_n before_o significancy_n have_v mollify_v it_o with_o soft_a vowel_n and_o aspiration_n rather_o to_o serve_v the_o ear_n then_o understand_v no_o less_o affectation_n shall_v we_o find_v of_o diverse_a sort_n of_o music_n â—orting_v with_o diverse_a disposition_n the_o northern_a man_n humour_n consorte_v best_a with_o the_o phrygian_a measure_n a_o loud_a and_o stir_a harmony_n the_o southern_a man_n have_v his_o spirit_n more_o mollify_v affect_v the_o lydian_a the_o people_n of_o the_o middle_a region_n be_v most_o of_o all_o delight_v with_o the_o doric_a a_o music_n heretofore_o use_v in_o sacred_a exercise_n they_o who_o know_v these_o measure_n exact_o and_o which_o be_v agreeable_a to_o this_o or_o that_o man_n fancy_n will_v give_v a_o probable_a guess_n unto_o his_o natural_a disposition_n to_o run_v over_o all_o the_o difference_n in_o manner_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o northern_a and_o southern_a nation_n be_v a_o matter_n infinite_a wherefore_o it_o shall_v suffice_v to_o wrap_v up_o all_o in_o general_a recapitulation_n if_o we_o compare_v the_o northern_a man_n with_o the_o southern_a we_o shall_v find_v the_o one_o white_a and_o red_a the_o other_o blâ—cke_n or_o tawny_a the_o one_o big-boned_a the_o other_o small_a and_o dwarfish_a the_o one_o strong_a but_o easâ—e_v to_o be_v deceive_v the_o other_o weak_a but_o witty_a and_o circumspect_a the_o one_o give_v much_o to_o wine_n the_o other_o exceed_a sober_a the_o one_o neglect_v both_o himself_o and_o other_o the_o other_o careful_a and_o ceremonious_a the_o one_o rustical_o arrogant_a the_o other_o high_o mind_v the_o one_o prodigal_a the_o other_o parsimonious_a the_o one_o temperate_a the_o other_o lecherous_a the_o one_o a_o sloven_n the_o other_o neat_a and_o hand_n some_o the_o one_o plain_a and_o simple_a the_o other_o crafty_a the_o one_o a_o soldier_n the_o other_o a_o priest_n the_o one_o a_o workman_n the_o other_o a_o philosopher_n the_o one_o stand_v on_o the_o strength_n of_o his_o â—ands_n the_o other_o of_o his_o wit_n out_o of_o the_o mixture_n of_o these_o extreme_n it_o be_v no_o difficult_a matter_n to_o draw_v the_o disposition_n of_o the_o middle_a nation_n for_o find_v the_o two_o extreme_a nation_n of_o the_o north_n and_o the_o south_n to_o be_v not_o only_o diverse_a but_o for_o the_o most_o part_n opposite_a one_o to_o the_o other_o in_o disposition_n and_o manner_n it_o be_v very_o rational_a to_o judge_v the_o middle_a to_o have_v a_o mixture_n of_o both_o which_o observation_n we_o will_v prove_v for_o if_o we_o compare_v the_o middle_a region_n with_o either_o the_o extreme_n we_o shall_v find_v no_o such_o apparent_a diversity_n as_o betwixt_o the_o extreme_n themselves_o here_o monsieur_n bâ—diâ—_n dream_v of_o a_o golden_a mediocrity_n to_o magnify_v his_o own_o country_n which_o he_o find_v in_o his_o middle_a region_n for_o since_o both_o these_o extreme_n challenge_v a_o extremity_n of_o disposition_n he_o imagineâ—_n this_o middle_a tract_n only_o reserve_v for_o virtue_n and_o temperance_n but_o if_o he_o just_o weigh_v all_o in_o the_o balance_n of_o impartial_a judgement_n he_o shall_v find_v no_o such_o advantage_n for_o first_o out_o of_o his_o own_o ground_n to_o which_o we_o have_v hitherto_o assent_v he_o ascribe_v to_o the_o extreme_a nation_n a_o eminency_n both_o of_o vice_n and_o virtue_n then_o can_v the_o middle_a challenge_n these_o quality_n otherwise_o then_o remit_v and_o of_o less_o force_n if_o therefore_o he_o will_v have_v their_o inclination_n to_o vice_n more_o moderate_v and_o correct_v he_o must_v also_o confess_v their_o disposition_n to_o virtuous_a action_n to_o be_v of_o less_o validity_n again_o these_o middle_a nation_n be_v to_o be_v account_v either_o direct_o situate_a betwixt_o both_o the_o extreme_n or_o more_o incline_v to_o the_o one_o than_o the_o other_o for_o these_o direct_o in_o the_o middle_n we_o must_v imagine_v they_o to_o partake_v of_o both_o disposition_n as_o well_o to_o vice_n as_o to_o virtue_n borrow_v from_o either_o extreme_a as_o well_o good_a as_o bad_a here_o therefore_o can_v be_v find_v no_o disadvantage_n for_o if_o they_o will_v boast_v of_o the_o virtue_n of_o either_o they_o must_v likewise_o be_v ashamed_a of_o either_o vice_n if_o they_o plead_v a_o moderation_n of_o the_o former_a they_o must_v loose_v so_o much_o reputation_n in_o the_o late_a for_o these_o which_o more_o near_o incline_v to_o the_o one_o than_o the_o other_o it_o will_v be_v apparent_a that_o as_o they_o approach_v the_o one_o in_o one_o quality_n so_o they_o be_v far_o off_o in_o another_o as_o if_o they_o approach_v near_o in_o contemplative_a wit_n to_o the_o southern_a people_n so_o will_v they_o come_v so_o far_o short_a of_o the_o northerns_n valour_n for_o by_o how_o much_o more_o they_o come_v near_o the_o virtue_n of_o the_o one_o so_o much_o come_v they_o short_a of_o the_o other_o affection_n the_o like_a may_v be_v judge_v of_o their_o imperfection_n so_o weigh_v reason_n with_o reason_n we_o shall_v find_v no_o such_o inequality_n and_o disproportion_n to_o magnify_v the_o one_o or_o upbraid_v the_o other_o for_o that_o almighty_a creator_n of_o all_o thing_n be_v wont_a to_o distribute_v his_o blessing_n in_o proportion_n and_o nature_n his_o sovereign_a handmaid_n triumph_v in_o nothing_o more_o than_o variety_n thus_o have_v we_o speak_v as_o far_o as_o history_n and_o observation_n can_v justify_v of_o the_o law_n custom_n and_o manner_n of_o the_o extreme_a and_o middle_a nation_n in_o which_o we_o have_v chief_o tie_v our_o discourse_n to_o the_o northern_a and_o southern_a people_n in_o this_o hemisphere_n have_v few_o history_n to_o lead_v we_o to_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o other_o opposite_a on_o the_o southern_a hemisphere_n yet_o the_o cause_n be_v like_a we_o may_v out_o of_o the_o former_a be_v able_a to_o give_v a_o judgement_n of_o the_o late_a 8_o hitherto_o have_v we_o treat_v of_o the_o people_n of_o the_o northern_a and_o southern_a hemisphere_n with_o the_o special_a subdivision_n of_o each_o into_o extreme_a or_o middle_a it_o now_o remain_v that_o we_o speak_v of_o the_o division_n of_o inhabitant_n according_a to_o the_o longitude_n 9_o according_a to_o the_o longitude_n inhabitant_n be_v either_o in_o the_o eastern_a hemisphere_n or_o western_a those_o i_o term_n of_o the_o eastern_a which_o live_v betwixt_o the_o canary_n and_o the_o molucco_n land_n on_o this_o side_n the_o western_a those_o which_o dwell_v betwixt_o those_o two_o on_o the_o other_o these_o two_o hemisphere_n of_o the_o earth_n have_v by_o some_o be_v call_v the_o old_a and_o new-world_n because_o the_o former_a contain_v europe_n asia_n and_o africa_n have_v be_v know_v to_o the_o ancient_n as_o the_o portion_n of_o noah_n three_o son_n shem_n ham_n and_o japhet_n whereof_o as_o the_o scripture_n testify_v shem_n have_v asia_n japhet_n europa_n and_o ham_n africa_n the_o other_o contain_v america_n the_o south-continent_n and_o some_o other_o land_n have_v be_v since_o discover_v of_o the_o comparison_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o these_o two_o hemisphere_n we_o will_v insert_v this_o theorem_a 1_o the_o people_n of_o the_o eastern_a hemisphere_n in_o science_n religion_n civility_n magnificence_n and_o almost_o every_o thing_n else_o be_v far_o superior_a to_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o western_a for_o demonstration_n of_o this_o point_n we_o need_v not_o spend_v much_o time_n first_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o this_o hemisphere_n be_v people_v a_o long_a time_n before_o the_o other_o which_o be_v a_o probable_a argument_n of_o their_o culture_n and_o civility_n because_o all_o these_o matter_n have_v common_o their_o growth_n &_o perfection_n with_o time_n the_o mother_n of_o all_o perfection_n that_o this_o part_n be_v people_v a_o long_a time_n before_o the_o other_o be_v most_o credible_a for_o it_o be_v plain_a out_o of_o the_o holy_a scripture_n that_o the_o first_o offspring_n of_o mankind_n be_v in_o asia_n whence_o it_o can_v not_o disperse_v itself_o into_o america_n and_o other_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n till_o such_o time_n as_o
their_o populous_a growth_n have_v require_v large_a bound_n the_o passage_n from_o asia_n into_o america_n without_o doubt_n have_v be_v perform_v either_o by_o sea_n or_o land_n by_o sea_n it_o be_v improbable_a they_o shall_v adventure_v in_o that_o infancy_n of_o the_o world_n when_o the_o art_n of_o navigation_n be_v in_o her_o swath_a band_n and_o neither_o the_o chart_n or_o compass_n as_o yet_o invent_v if_o by_o land_n they_o make_v their_o passage_n it_o be_v doubtless_o through_o the_o north_n of_o asia_n suppose_v america_n with_o asia_n to_o be_v one_o continent_n but_o this_o people_n come_v out_o of_o a_o pleasant_a and_o temperate_a country_n will_v without_o question_n first_o attempt_v the_o place_n of_o the_o like_a quality_n as_o most_o please_a their_o eye_n and_o fit_v their_o disposition_n before_o they_o will_v enforce_v their_o passage_n to_o the_o icy_a and_o freeze_a climate_n of_o the_o north_n which_o can_v only_o be_v behold_v to_o necessity_n for_o habitation_n hence_o without_o doubt_n it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o those_o nation_n wander_v far_o from_o their_o first_o fountain_n and_o leave_v no_o sufficient_a monument_n to_o instruct_v their_o posterity_n in_o their_o first_o original_n come_v short_a of_o the_o other_o as_o well_o in_o reveal_v as_o acquire_v knowledge_n in_o reveal_v knowledge_n either_o seek_v in_o holy_a scripture_n or_o tradition_n they_o can_v not_o but_o come_v short_a as_o be_v most_o distant_a from_o the_o first_o head_n and_o fountain_n where_o it_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o great_a perfection_n in_o acquire_v knowledge_n get_v by_o industry_n and_o experience_n they_o can_v not_o come_v so_o far_o as_o the_o other_o because_o all_o such_o knowledge_n have_v its_o beginning_n from_o observation_n and_o its_o growth_n with_o age_n can_v not_o be_v bring_v to_o that_o perfection_n among_o they_o who_o come_v more_o late_o to_o be_v a_o people_n and_o scarce_o ever_o endow_v with_o any_o settle_a government_n but_o whatsoever_o the_o cause_n may_v be_v think_v of_o this_o diversity_n betwixt_o the_o people_n of_o the_o western_a and_o eastern_a hemisphere_n certain_a i_o be_o that_o the_o effect_n itself_o be_v most_o apparent_a of_o the_o happy_a endowment_n of_o europe_n asia_n and_o a_o good_a part_n of_o africa_n both_o in_o art_n liberal_a and_o mechanical_a state_n policy_n magnificence_n and_o religion_n we_o have_v often_o speak_v and_o need_v make_v no_o repetition_n to_o this_o if_o we_o compare_v america_n be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o only_a portion_n of_o this_o hemisphere_n we_o shall_v among_o they_o find_v few_o or_o no_o art_n either_o invent_v or_o teach_v the_o use_n of_o letter_n scarce_o ever_o know_v state_n and_o magnificence_n little_o regard_v and_o the_o light_n of_o christian_a religion_n scarce_o ever_o see_v or_o at_o least_o through_o the_o dim_a cloud_n of_o roman_a superstition_n he_o that_o will_v know_v more_o in_o this_o matter_n let_v he_o read_v peter_n martyr_n cortesius_n acosta_n and_o other_o of_o the_o natural_a disposition_n of_o the_o people_n of_o america_n 10_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o such_o hemisphere_n be_v again_o subdivide_v into_o the_o eastern_a and_o western_a the_o western_a in_o the_o eastern_a hemisphere_n be_v they_o who_o live_v near_a the_o canary_n the_o eastern_a be_v such_o as_o be_v situate_a towards_o the_o moluccoe_n to_o which_o those_o other_o in_o the_o western_a hemispeare_n be_v correspondent_a 1_o the_o western_a people_n have_v be_v observe_v to_o be_v more_o happy_a and_o able_a in_o martial_a discipline_n the_o eastern_a in_o witty_a contemplation_n and_o speculative_a science_n there_o be_v no_o small_a affinity_n as_o we_o have_v before_o touch_v betwixt_o the_o west_n and_o the_o north_n as_o betwixt_o the_o east_n and_o the_o south_n as_o well_o in_o the_o temperament_n of_o the_o air_n as_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n which_o cognation_n will_v appear_v more_o full_o by_o the_o proof_n and_o demonstration_n of_o this_o theorem_a of_o the_o strength_n and_o valour_n of_o the_o western_a people_n many_o record_n give_v evidence_n we_o read_v of_o innumerable_a colony_n of_o the_o celte_v a_o people_n situate_a on_o the_o west_n of_o france_n send_v into_o italy_n grece_n &_o asia_n but_o the_o italian_n dare_v never_o invade_v france_n till_o such_o time_n as_o their_o empire_n be_v at_o the_o height_n under_o caesar_n take_v also_o advantage_n of_o the_o homebred_a enmity_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n among_o themselves_o whence_o tully_n the_o orator_n take_v occasion_n to_o praise_n caesar_n for_o subdue_a those_o nation_n and_o reduce_v they_o to_o the_o roman_n obedience_n who_o strength_n the_o roman_a empire_n can_v hardly_o sustain_v the_o italian_n have_v oftentimes_o molest_v the_o grecian_n yet_o from_o they_o suffer_v little_a or_o small_a inconvenience_n so_o the_o grecian_n have_v with_o their_o arm_n cut_v out_o a_o large_a way_n through_o asia_n scarce_o ever_o dare_v to_o come_v into_o italy_n but_o once_o under_o the_o conduct_n of_o pyrrhus_n who_o being_n almost_o defeat_v of_o his_o army_n be_v enforce_v to_o save_v himself_o by_o â—light_n in_o like_a sort_n xerxes_n who_o bring_v man_n enough_o into_o greece_n to_o dry_v up_o the_o river_n be_v notwithstanding_o defeat_v by_o a_o few_o grecian_n to_o his_o great_a dishonour_n wherefore_o cato_n have_v good_a reason_n to_o object_n to_o muraena_fw-la and_o caesar_n to_o pompey_n that_o their_o war_n wage_v against_o the_o people_n of_o asia_n in_o respect_n of_o other_o be_v as_o it_o be_v rather_o against_o woman_n then_o men._n this_o without_o doubt_n give_v alexander_n his_o great_a happiness_n and_o victory_n that_o he_o turn_v his_o arm_n against_o the_o eastern_a people_n which_o be_v either_o altogether_o barbarous_a want_v martial_a discipline_n or_o all_o over_o delicate_a not_o able_a to_o resist_v such_o hardness_n whereas_o if_o he_o have_v oppose_v the_o western_a people_n by_o the_o censure_n of_o livy_n he_o have_v at_o least_o fail_v of_o those_o many_o conquest_n if_o not_o purchase_v â—_o fatal_a overthrow_n the_o observation_n perhaps_o of_o which_o courageous_a valour_n in_o the_o western_a people_n be_v the_o cause_n why_o the_o turk_n heretofore_o be_v wont_a to_o choose_v their_o janissary_n and_o chief_a man_n of_o war_n out_o of_o the_o europaean_n account_v they_o more_o strong_a and_o able_a than_o the_o asiatic_n be_v of_o temper_n more_o soft_a and_o delicate_a to_o this_o accord_v julian_n in_o his_o book_n against_o the_o christian_n the_o celte_v say_v he_o be_v bold_a &_o adventurous_a the_o greek_n and_o roman_n both_o warlike_a and_o civil_a the_o egyptian_n more_o industrious_a and_o subtle_a although_o weak_a and_o tender_a the_o syrians_n with_o great_a alacrity_n conform_v themselves_o to_o discipline_n and_o a_o little_a after_o have_v these_o word_n what_o shall_v i_o declare_v say_v he_o how_o coveâ—ous_a of_o liberty_n and_o impatient_a of_o servitude_n the_o german_n be_v how_o quiet_a and_o tractable_a the_o syrian_n persian_n parthian_n and_o all_o the_o nation_n situate_v towards_o the_o east_n and_o south_n part_n of_o the_o world_n tacitus_n report_v that_o the_o baravians_n lie_v on_o the_o west_n of_o germany_n of_o all_o the_o german_n be_v the_o strong_a and_o most_o valiant_a which_o plutarch_n also_o confirm_v in_o the_o life_n of_o marius_n that_o the_o most_o warlike_a people_n of_o all_o france_n be_v these_o which_o be_v most_o western_a the_o like_a opinion_n have_v caesar_n of_o the_o western_a nation_n of_o all_o the_o people_n of_o europe_n say_v he_o the_o western_a people_n of_o the_o briton_n and_o spaniard_n be_v the_o strong_a now_o as_o the_o western_a people_n just_o challenge_v to_o themselves_o this_o prerogative_n of_o strength_n and_o valour_n so_o must_v they_o yield_v to_o the_o eastern_a that_o of_o religion_n and_o contemplation_n to_o let_v pass_v the_o indian_n which_o a_o long_a time_n go_v be_v enrich_v with_o knowledge_n if_o we_o believe_v ancient_a writer_n who_o can_v deny_v the_o hebrew_n chaldaean_n syrian_n egyptian_n arabian_n and_o other_o of_o the_o east_n their_o just_a trophy_n of_o learning_n and_o contemplation_n which_o they_o have_v erect_v to_o after_o age_n from_o these_o fountain_n have_v the_o greek_n and_o latin_n derive_v those_o large_a stream_n wherewith_o they_o have_v as_o it_o be_v water_v all_o europe_n it_o be_v write_v that_o there_o come_v wise_a man_n from_o the_o east_n to_o worship_n christ_n which_o must_v needs_o be_v understand_v of_o chaldaea_n or_o the_o place_n near_o adjoin_v where_o the_o magi_n or_o wiseman_n be_v have_v in_o great_a reputation_n if_o any_o object_n the_o decay_n both_o of_o learning_n and_o religion_n at_o this_o day_n in_o the_o eastern_a part_n of_o the_o world_n we_o answer_v that_o this_o in_o most_o part_n be_v mere_o accidental_a cause_v by_o the_o hostile_a invasion_n
of_o the_o usurp_a turk_n which_o profess_v themselves_o to_o be_v utter_a enemy_n to_o learning_n and_o the_o true_a religion_n to_o which_o we_o may_v add_v the_o ignorance_n of_o the_o christian_a religion_n in_o many_o place_n which_o be_v the_o great_a ground_n of_o solid_a knowledge_n for_o among_o all_o religion_n in_o the_o world_n there_o be_v none_o which_o give_v more_o way_n to_o learning_n then_o the_o christian_a whereas_o some_o other_o altogether_o forbid_v the_o study_n of_o such_o matter_n yet_o be_v not_o this_o inclination_n so_o absurd_a in_o the_o eastern_a people_n but_o that_o everywhere_a some_o mark_n and_o footstep_n will_v discover_v their_o disposition_n for_o in_o the_o east_n shall_v we_o find_v no_o small_a number_n of_o christian_a church_n and_o monastery_n profess_v christianity_n and_o other_o good_a learning_n but_o to_o speak_v no_o more_o of_o the_o christian_a religion_n which_o we_o hold_v rather_o by_o god_n special_a grace_n than_o nature_n the_o superstitious_a devotion_n of_o these_o heathen_a nation_n to_o their_o own_o false_a religion_n be_v a_o sufficient_a argument_n of_o their_o natural_a inclination_n to_o religious_a exercise_n how_o obstinate_o perverse_a ceremonious_a and_o superstitious_a the_o indian_n be_v find_v in_o idolatrous_a religion_n i_o have_v often_o wonder_v to_o hear_v some_o travayler_n report_n of_o the_o other_o hemisphere_n comprehend_v america_n i_o have_v as_o yet_o small_a evidence_n out_o of_o history_n whereon_o to_o ground_v any_o certainty_n all_o we_o can_v say_v shall_v be_v comprise_v in_o this_o theorem_a 2_o the_o eastern_a part_n of_o the_o western_a hemisphere_n be_v people_v before_o the_o western_a this_o proposition_n seem_v probable_o warrant_v as_o well_o by_o reason_n as_o authority_n for_o first_o suppose_v as_o a_o infallible_a ground_n that_o the_o first_o offspring_n of_o all_o nation_n be_v in_o asia_n towards_o the_o east_n it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o to_o people_n america_n there_o shall_v be_v a_o passage_n thereunto_o out_o of_o asia_n because_o america_n be_v a_o long_a time_n not_o inhabit_v ere_o it_o be_v discover_v to_o the_o europaean_n this_o passage_n then_o be_v either_o by_o sea_n or_o land_n be_v it_o by_o sea_n the_o first_o part_n whereat_o they_o can_v arrive_v be_v the_o eastern_a side_n if_o we_o suppose_v it_o to_o be_v by_o land_n as_o be_v most_o likely_a in_o those_o ancient_a time_n yet_o be_v it_o most_o probable_a it_o shall_v be_v on_o the_o north-east_n side_n from_o the_o pole_n because_o it_o be_v find_v by_o observation_n that_o on_o the_o northwest_n side_n it_o be_v divide_v from_o asia_n by_o streite_n then_o must_v they_o first_o touch_v on_o the_o eastern_a part_n to_o this_o we_o may_v add_v the_o experience_n of_o the_o castilian_n and_o portugall_n who_o first_o discover_v this_o part_n who_o affirm_v that_o the_o people_n dwell_v on_o that_o side_n have_v be_v observe_v to_o surpass_v the_o western_a by_o far_o in_o civility_n of_o manner_n knowledge_n and_o such_o endowment_n which_o may_v be_v a_o argument_n of_o the_o antiquity_n of_o their_o plantation_n chap._n xv._n 1._o the_o second_o diversity_n of_o disposition_n of_o inhabitant_n arise_v from_o the_o diverse_a nature_n of_o the_o soil_n here_o four_o distinction_n of_o nation_n be_v remarkable_a 1_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o mountain_n and_o plaine-countreyes_n 2_o of_o marish_a and_o dry_a 3._o of_o windy_a and_o quiet_a 4._o of_o sea-border_n and_o iland-people_n that_o man_n disposition_n be_v diverse_o vary_v according_a to_o the_o temper_n of_o the_o soil_n every_o man_n own_o experience_n may_v easy_o inform_v he_o for_o to_o reserve_v particular_a instance_n to_o their_o proper_a place_n it_o be_v most_o manifest_a that_o all_o the_o vital_a operation_n of_o the_o soul_n depend_v as_o well_o upon_o the_o corporeal_a and_o organical_a part_n as_o the_o spirit_n which_o be_v diverse_o affect_v by_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o air_n and_o earth_n must_v needs_o vary_v and_o suffer_v a_o change_n plain_o and_o evident_a disparity_n be_v find_v first_o betwixt_o two_o nation_n situate_v in_o the_o same_o parallel_n or_o climate_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n second_o betwixt_o two_o man_n bear_v in_o several_a country_n live_v together_o for_o some_o time_n in_o the_o same_o region_n three_o of_o one_o and_o the_o selfsame_o man_n live_v at_o diverse_a time_n in_o diverse_a region_n four_o of_o a_o man_n live_v in_o the_o same_o country_n at_o diverse_a season_n and_o time_n all_o which_o be_v heretofore_o demonstrate_v will_v declare_v unto_o we_o the_o great_a sympathy_n and_o operation_n the_o air_n and_o his_o diverse_a quality_n have_v with_o and_o on_o our_o corporeal_a spirit_n and_o organ_n but_o the_o temperament_n of_o the_o air_n as_o we_o have_v former_o show_v depend_v on_o the_o temperature_n of_o the_o soil_n whence_o it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o the_o natural_a disposition_n of_o man_n shall_v be_v vary_v somewhat_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o soil_n this_o disposition_n of_o the_o soil_n be_v manifold_a we_o have_v reduce_v only_o to_o three_o head_n leave_v other_o curiosity_n to_o such_o as_o have_v more_o leisure_n what_o we_o judge_v in_o this_o shall_v be_v declare_v in_o these_o theorem_n 1_o mountain_n people_n be_v for_o the_o most_o paâ—t_a more_o stout_a warlike_a and_o generous_a than_o those_o of_o plain_a country_n yet_o less_o tractable_a to_o government_n of_o the_o warlike_a disposition_n of_o the_o mountanist_n and_o their_o strange_a impatience_n to_o subjection_n many_o history_n give_v testimony_n geographer_n repor_fw-la that_o set_v aside_o the_o people_n of_o the_o north_n to_o who_o for_o strength_n and_o valour_n we_o have_v give_v the_o palm_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o mountain_n atlas_n be_v great_a and_o strong_a out_o of_o who_o the_o king_n of_o numidia_n and_o mauritania_n in_o time_n of_o war_n be_v wont_a to_o levy_v their_o force_n and_o it_o be_v worthy_a admiration_n to_o consider_v the_o mountain_n people_n of_o arabia_n who_o can_v never_o be_v draw_v to_o yield_v to_o subjection_n but_o be_v fortify_v not_o somuch_o by_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o place_n as_o some_o may_v happy_o imagine_v but_o rather_o by_o natural_a strength_n and_o valour_n have_v always_o live_v in_o liberty_n to_o who_o as_o be_v report_v the_o turk_n give_v a_o yearly_a stipend_n to_o keep_v they_o off_o from_o invade_v the_o territory_n of_o palestine_n and_o damascus_n of_o the_o maâ—sians_n the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o the_o apennine_a mountain_n in_o italy_n the_o roman_n be_v wont_n so_o well_o to_o conceive_v that_o it_o grow_v into_o a_o proverb_n sine_fw-la marsis_n triumphasse_n neminem_fw-la gostane_n when_o he_o go_v about_o to_o invade_v the_o kingdom_n of_o succia_n choose_v his_o legion_n of_o soldier_n out_o of_o the_o dalecarly_n who_o inhabit_v the_o succian_a mountain_n but_o among_o all_o no_o nation_n have_v purchase_v a_o great_a opinion_n and_o reputation_n than_o the_o helvetian_n live_v among_o the_o alps_n these_o man_n be_v original_o descend_v from_o the_o succian_n which_o for_o valour_n have_v â—o_o far_o approve_v themselves_o that_o they_o have_v not_o only_o keep_v themselves_o free_a from_o foreign_a jurisdiction_n but_o have_v often_o deliver_v their_o neighbour_a country_n from_o slavery_n and_o oppression_n against_o the_o house_n austria_n they_o have_v not_o once_o display_v their_o banner_n and_o triumph_v in_o their_o overthrow_n a_o great_a part_n of_o germany_n have_v smart_v under_o their_o valour_n and_o such_o a_o honourable_a opinion_n have_v they_o win_v that_o they_o be_v account_v as_o it_o be_v the_o censor_n and_o moderator_n to_o decide_v controversy_n in_o matter_n of_o state_n and_o kingdom_n cicero_n give_v grrat_a commendation_n of_o strength_n to_o the_o ligurgians_n inhabit_v the_o mountain_n it_o be_v well_o know_v how_o long_o and_o tedious_a war_n the_o mountain_n cilician_o and_o acrâ—cerauneans_n have_v with_o the_o turk_n how_o long_o with_o small_a damage_n they_o endure_v affront_v and_o drive_v they_o back_o here_o we_o may_v add_v the_o example_n of_o the_o biscanes_n and_o cantabrians_n in_o spain_n who_o under_o the_o conduct_n of_o pelagius_n their_o king_n withstand_v the_o saracen_n and_o preserve_v both_o their_o language_n and_o religion_n the_o like_a aught_o to_o be_v speak_v of_o the_o welsh_a &_o cornish_a people_n among_o we_o as_o of_o the_o scottish_a highlander_n all_o which_o live_v in_o mountainous_a country_n have_v withstand_v the_o violence_n of_o foreigner_n and_o for_o many_o year_n preserve_v their_o own_o liberty_n and_o howsoever_o it_o may_v be_v object_v that_o the_o advantage_n of_o the_o place_n give_v they_o courage_n yet_o can_v we_o not_o deny_v their_o disposition_n due_a commendation_n have_v not_o only_o thus_o for_o a_o time_n protect_v their_o own_o right_n but_o make_v many_o hostile_a
be_v imagine_v two_o circle_n on_o the_o earth_n which_o we_o also_o call_v polar_a and_o if_o we_o believe_v gilbert_n with_o other_o magnetical_a philosopher_n they_o be_v primary_o in_o the_o earth_n as_o that_o which_o be_v the_o true_a subject_n of_o diurnal_a motion_n these_o circle_n thus_o describe_v by_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a must_v needs_o challenge_v the_o same_o distance_n from_o the_o pole_n which_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a have_v to_o wit_n 23._o degree_n and_o 30_o minute_n the_o greek_n have_v take_v the_o polar_a circle_n in_o another_o sense_n then_o the_o latin_n for_o by_o these_o polar_a circle_n as_o it_o appear_v by_o proclus_n and_o cleomedes_n they_o understand_v not_o such_o circle_n as_o be_v describe_v by_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o zodiac_n but_o two_o other_o circle_n whereof_o the_o one_o be_v great_a of_o all_o the_o parallel_n which_o always_o appear_v above_o our_o horizon_n the_o other_o be_v the_o great_a of_o all_o those_o parallel_n which_o lie_v hide_v in_o our_o horizon_n perpetual_o the_o reason_n why_o the_o grecian_n take_v it_o in_o this_o sense_n be_v because_o by_o these_o circle_n they_o can_v know_v and_o distinguish_v those_o star_n which_o always_o be_v see_v and_o never_o set_v as_o those_o which_o be_v comprehend_v of_o the_o arctic_a circle_n from_o those_o which_o always_o lie_v hide_v and_o never_o rise_v as_o such_o as_o the_o antarctic_a contain_v whence_o it_o manifest_o appear_v that_o the_o two_o polar_a circle_n as_o they_o be_v take_v of_o the_o grecian_n in_o all_o region_n be_v not_o of_o the_o same_o quantity_n &_o greatness_n but_o be_v great_a in_o oblique_a sphere_n then_o in_o a_o right_n but_o our_o polar_a circle_n be_v at_o all_o place_n alike_o in_o their_o quantity_n of_o these_o the_o one_o term_v arctic_n in_o the_o earth_n pass_v by_o islandia_n the_o top_n of_o norway_n and_o finland_n with_o many_o adjoin_v land_n and_o the_o southern_a part_n of_o green-land_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o our_o ordinary_a geographical_a map_n the_o other_o polar_a circle_n call_v antarctic_a pass_v through_o the_o south_n part_n of_o the_o world_n as_o yet_o undiscovered_a except_o for_o some_o few_o parcel_n as_o terra_fw-la del_fw-it feugo_n and_o psiitacorum_fw-la regio_fw-la with_o somewhat_o more_o late_o discover_v by_o the_o spaniard_n the_o chief_a use_n as_o well_o of_o these_o as_o other_o parallel_n be_v to_o distinguish_v the_o zone_n and_o climate_n in_o the_o globe_n whereof_o we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o treat_v hereafter_o 21_o the_o nameless_a parallel_n be_v such_o as_o be_v not_o know_v by_o special_a name_n nor_o of_o so_o great_a use_n in_o geographie_n these_o nameless_a parallel_n may_v be_v well_o understand_v by_o that_o which_o we_o have_v above_o speak_v for_o howsoever_o they_o be_v not_o call_v by_o particular_a and_o special_a name_n yet_o be_v they_o all_o of_o the_o same_o nature_n all_o these_o parallel_n beside_o the_o equatour_n though_o infinite_a in_o number_n may_v notwithstanding_o in_o the_o sphere_n be_v reduce_v to_o the_o number_n of_o the_o meridian_n because_o they_o be_v draw_v through_o the_o opposite_a point_n of_o the_o meridian_n semicircle_n so_o that_o we_o may_v account_v 180_o but_o yet_o there_o be_v not_o so_o many_o paint_v on_o the_o face_n of_o the_o artificial_a globe_n wherefore_o ptolemy_n with_o the_o ancient_n have_v distinguish_v the_o parallel_n on_o both_o side_n north_n and_o south_n begin_v from_o the_o equatour_n at_o such_o a_o distance_n that_o where_o the_o day_n shall_v increase_v one_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n a_o new_a parallel_n shall_v be_v place_v so_o that_o the_o long_a day_n of_o one_o parallel_n shall_v exceed_v the_o long_a day_n of_o another_o parallel_n by_o one_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n every_o one_o of_o these_o parallel_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v divide_v into_o 360_o degree_n as_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o other_o circle_n yet_o be_v we_o to_o note_v that_o the_o degree_n and_o part_n of_o a_o great_a circle_n be_v great_a of_o the_o lesser_a less_o according_a to_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o say_a circle_n the_o same_o have_v the_o proportion_n that_o a_o great_a circle_n have_v to_o a_o less_o so_o that_o the_o same_o degree_n and_o part_n of_o a_o quarter_n circle_n to_o the_o degree_n and_o part_n of_o the_o lesser_a as_o may_v be_v gather_v from_o the_o first_o proposition_n of_o the_o second_o book_n of_o theodosius_n now_o to_o know_v right_o this_o proportion_n we_o must_v first_o find_v out_o the_o summary_n declination_n for_o every_o region_n which_o be_v once_o find_v we_o may_v proceed_v in_o this_o manner_n by_o the_o doctrine_n of_o triangle_n 1_o let_v the_o sign_n of_o the_o compliment_n of_o the_o declination_n of_o the_o lesser_a circle_n be_v multiply_v by_o the_o whole_a circle_n and_o the_o product_n be_v divide_v by_o the_o total_a sign_n there_o will_v arise_v the_o number_n of_o degree_n of_o the_o lesser_a circle_n such_o as_o whereof_o the_o great_a consist_v the_o reason_n hereof_o be_v show_v in_o geometry_n and_o therefore_o need_v we_o not_o to_o insert_v a_o demonstration_n for_o there_o we_o learn_v that_o as_o the_o total_a â—inge_n be_v to_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o compliment_n of_o the_o declination_n of_o any_o parallel_n so_o be_v the_o periphery_a of_o the_o great_a circle_n to_o the_o periphery_a of_o the_o parallel_n as_o for_o example_n if_o we_o will_v know_v what_o proportion_n the_o equatour_n have_v to_o the_o parallel_n which_o pass_v by_o the_o vertical_a point_n of_o rome_n who_o declination_n be_v about_o 42_o degree_n i_o multiply_v the_o sign_n of_o the_o compliment_n of_o this_o declination_n that_o be_v the_o sign_n of_o 48_o degree_n to_o wit_n 74314_o by_o 360_o the_o product_n whereof_o be_v 26753040_o which_o i_o divide_v again_o by_o 100000_o and_o find_v 267_o degree_n and_o ½_o whence_o i_o gather_v that_o the_o equatour_n to_o the_o parallel_n of_o rome_n or_o a_o degree_n of_o the_o equatour_n to_o a_o degree_n of_o the_o parallel_n of_o rome_n have_v the_o same_o proportion_n that_o that_o 360_o have_v to_o 276_o ½_o which_o be_v the_o same_o that_o 4_o have_v to_o 3._o 22_o hitherto_o have_v we_o speak_v of_o the_o absolute_a circle_n such_o as_o be_v the_o meridian_n and_o parallel_n we_o be_v to_o treat_v in_o the_o last_o place_n of_o a_o relative_n circle_n which_o be_v conceive_v in_o respect_n to_o our_o sight_n this_o circle_n be_v call_v the_o horizon_n 23_o the_o horizon_n be_v a_o circle_n which_o divide_v the_o upper_a and_o visible_a part_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n from_o the_o low_a and_o invisible_a the_o name_n of_o the_o horizon_n be_v take_v from_o the_o bound_a or_o termination_n of_o the_o sight_n because_o it_o be_v a_o circle_n comprehend_v all_o that_o space_n which_o be_v visible_a of_o we_o distinguish_v it_o from_o the_o rest_n which_o lurk_v invisible_a as_o if_o a_o man_n shall_v be_v place_v in_o a_o high_a and_o eminent_a place_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o shall_v look_v round_o about_o he_o every_o way_n to_o the_o east_n west_n north_n and_o south_n he_o will_v seem_v to_o see_v the_o heaven_n on_o every_o side_n to_o concur_v with_o the_o earth_n so_o that_o beyond_o it_o can_v be_v see_v nor_o heaven_n nor_o earth_n which_o concurrence_n of_o the_o heaven_n with_o the_o earth_n will_v describe_v unto_o we_o the_o horizontall_a circle_n for_o that_o place_n assign_v but_o here_o we_o be_v to_o note_v that_o the_o horizon_n be_v two_o fold_n either_o the_o rational_a or_o sensible_a horizon_n the_o rational_a precise_o divide_v the_o globe_n into_o two_o equal_a part_n but_o the_o sensible_a or_o apparent_a horizon_n be_v no_o other_o than_o that_o circle_n in_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v design_v out_o by_o the_o sight_n from_o which_o the_o name_n seem_v to_o be_v derive_v this_o sensible_a horizon_n differ_v from_o the_o rational_a diverse_a way_n first_o because_o the_o rational_a divide_v the_o whole_a sphere_n into_o two_o equal_a part_n but_o the_o sensible_a into_o two_o unequal_a part_n second_o because_o the_o rational_a be_v always_o certain_a and_o the_o same_o in_o the_o same_o place_n and_o of_o alike_a greatness_n whereas_o the_o other_o be_v great_a or_o lesser_a for_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o place_n or_o sight_n for_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o rational_a be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o other_o seldom_o or_o never_o exceed_v 60_o mile_n on_o the_o earth_n three_o because_o the_o rational_a horizon_n pass_v by_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n whereas_o the_o sensible_a touch_v only_o the_o surface_n of_o it_o in_o that_o point_n where_o the_o inhabitant_n stand_v all_o which_o difference_n may_v be_v
doubt_n impossible_a it_o seem_v they_o shall_v swim_v so_o far_o for_o what_o creature_n will_v venture_v itself_o on_o the_o main_a ocean_n be_v by_o a_o natural_a instinct_n fearful_a of_o death_n and_o careful_a of_o his_o own_o preservation_n whence_o it_o be_v more_o likely_a to_o imagine_v that_o these_o parcel_n of_o land_n be_v first_o furnish_v with_o such_o creature_n be_v afterward_o by_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o flood_n or_o some_o other_o like_o accident_n tear_v off_o from_o the_o main_a continent_n retain_v still_o such_o creature_n as_o it_o have_v before_o but_o here_o s._n augustine_n seem_v to_o avoid_v this_o argument_n two_o way_n it_o be_v not_o say_v he_o incredible_a that_o wild_a and_o savage_a beast_n may_v be_v transport_v from_o one_o country_n to_o another_o by_o sea_n either_o by_o man_n for_o the_o delight_n of_o hunt_v or_o else_o by_o the_o help_n of_o angel_n by_o god_n commandment_n or_o at_o least_o permission_n this_o answer_n seem_v very_o probable_a as_o well_o for_o itself_o suppose_v nothing_o impossible_a to_o almighty_a god_n as_o also_o for_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o author_n but_o with_o all_o reverence_n to_o the_o author_n who_o all_o the_o christian_a church_n be_v bind_v to_o honour_n this_o assertion_n be_v not_o so_o strong_o fortify_v to_o enforce_v assent_n and_o first_o it_o be_v not_o very_o likely_a that_o pleasure_n with_o man_n shall_v so_o far_o oversway_v the_o general_a weal_n and_o profit_n as_o to_o transport_v so_o many_o ravenous_a and_o hurtful_a beast_n for_o mere_a hunt_a sport_n and_o recreation_n second_o the_o chase_n of_o some_o as_o lion_n leopard_n and_o such_o like_a have_v more_o danger_n in_o it_o then_o sport_n or_o delight_n and_o if_o so_o be_v these_o be_v convey_v over_o sea_n for_o such_o end_n yet_o it_o be_v very_o probable_a they_o will_v keep_v they_o rather_o close_a and_o imprison_v to_o serve_v occasion_n then_o to_o let_v they_o loose_v and_o free_a for_o far_a propagation_n final_o whereas_o he_o ascribe_v the_o transportation_n of_o they_o to_o the_o ministry_n of_o angel_n no_o man_n can_v deny_v but_o this_o may_v be_v possible_a because_o by_o their_o permission_n of_o almighty_a god_n they_o may_v effect_v great_a matter_n yet_o seem_v this_o not_o so_o likely_a as_o the_o other_o because_o we_o find_v that_o in_o the_o general_a preservation_n of_o all_o creature_n in_o the_o ark_n he_o use_v the_o ordinary_a help_n of_o natural_a mean_n although_o direct_v and_o assist_v by_o a_o divine_a power_n and_o of_o god_n effect_v great_a matter_n in_o this_o sort_n why_o may_v we_o not_o believe_v it_o of_o thing_n of_o lesser_a moment_n and_o necessity_n but_o of_o this_o we_o have_v speak_v before_o another_o reason_n for_o our_o opinion_n that_o land_n be_v not_o before_o the_o flood_n or_o at_o least_o from_o the_o creation_n be_v urge_v by_o verstegan_n a_o late_a writer_n in_o this_o manner_n there_o be_v nothing_o break_v say_v he_o that_o have_v not_o be_v whole_a which_o he_o set_v down_o as_o a_o infallible_a principle_n for_o howbeit_o nature_n do_v sometime_o against_o her_o own_o intent_n commit_v some_o error_n in_o so_o much_o as_o the_o thing_n form_v have_v either_o too_o much_o or_o too_o little_a yet_o bring_v she_o forth_o nothing_o break_v or_o dissever_v but_o such_o as_o it_o be_v it_o be_v always_o whole_a and_o not_o break_v except_o afterward_o by_o some_o accident_n and_o if_o nature_n the_o handmaid_n of_o god_n never_o miss_v this_o perfection_n much_o more_o ought_v we_o to_o believe_v that_o god_n the_o father_n of_o nature_n in_o the_o first_o creation_n leave_v no_o part_n thereof_o break_v and_o unperfect_a but_o every_o man_n may_v see_v by_o ordinary_a observation_n that_o the_o cliff_n and_o bound_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o not_o be_v by_o god_n in_o the_o creation_n so_o form_v seem_v not_o only_o sever_v and_o break_v but_o as_o it_o be_v cut_v straight_o and_o steep_a down_o from_o the_o top_n to_o the_o bottom_n not_o stoop_v or_o decline_v by_o degree_n as_o we_o see_v in_o inland_a hill_n in_o their_o descent_n unto_o the_o valley_n the_o forceable_a breach_n of_o the_o land_n as_o we_o pretend_v by_o the_o sea_n fret_v through_o some_o narrow_a place_n seem_v the_o more_o to_o be_v confirm_v in_o that_o we_o find_v it_o not_o steep_a towards_o the_o land_n where_o the_o land_n decline_v by_o a_o slope_v descent_n as_o in_o other_o place_n but_o rather_o towards_o the_o sea_n in_o such_o sort_n as_o both_o the_o side_n of_o a_o narrow_a and_o streite_z sea_n oftentimes_o in_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o soil_n and_o conformity_n of_o figure_n seem_v to_o answer_v one_o other_o only_o show_v the_o want_n of_o substance_n betwixt_o they_o which_o be_v lose_v it_o may_v hence_o be_v object_v that_o many_o other_o hill_n and_o rocky_a place_n of_o island_n country_n seem_v in_o like_a manner_n as_o break_a and_o steep_a down_o at_o these_o cliff_n bound_v the_o ocean_n as_o also_o that_o the_o cliff_n towards_o the_o sea_n be_v break_v high_o up_o then_o any_o way_n the_o sea_n can_v be_v imagine_v to_o ascend_v to_o this_o we_o answer_v first_o that_o rock_n on_o the_o dry_a land_n many_o time_n seem_v break_v when_o indeed_o they_o be_v not_o be_v by_o nature_n fashion_v craggy_a and_o uneven_a second_o whereas_o hill_n in_o inland_a country_n seem_v break_v this_o may_v proceed_v heretofore_o by_o earthquake_n which_o have_v oftentimes_o be_v observe_v to_o produce_v such_o effect_n as_o it_o have_v late_o be_v know_v to_o do_v in_o a_o town_n call_v pleurs_n in_o the_o grison_n country_n near_o the_o alps_n and_o for_o the_o appearance_n of_o such_o breach_n in_o the_o top_n of_o cliff_n above_o the_o ascent_n of_o the_o water_n it_o may_v be_v cause_v by_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o sea-wave_n fret_v and_o eat_v out_o the_o side_n of_o they_o beneath_o the_o bottom_n whence_o it_o happen_v that_o the_o high_a part_n for_o want_v of_o underprop_n must_v needs_o fall_v and_o break_v off_o from_o the_o other_o this_o argument_n of_o our_o say_a author_n be_v by_o he_o back_v with_o another_o draw_v from_o the_o name_n of_o a_o cliff_n which_o in_o our_o ancient_a language_n be_v draw_v from_o cleave_v or_o break_v off_o which_o appellation_n be_v never_o give_v to_o our_o inland_a hill_n but_o only_o to_o such_o as_o terminate_v and_o compass_v in_o the_o sea_n these_o reason_n make_v the_o matter_n seem_v probable_a yet_o condemn_v i_o not_o the_o other_o as_o absurd_a because_o it_o may_v probable_o be_v defend_v and_o back_v with_o the_o authority_n of_o many_o grave_a author_n 4_o a_o second_o distinction_n arise_v out_o of_o the_o termination_n of_o the_o land_n with_o the_o sea_n for_o either_o it_o be_v uniform_a or_o various_a 5_o a_o uniform_a termination_n i_o call_v that_o which_o without_o any_o notable_a difference_n incline_v more_o to_o evenness_n and_o regularity_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o sea-wawes_a work_n on_o the_o land_n violent_o and_o not_o natural_o seldom_o or_o never_o so_o bind_v and_o compass_v the_o land_n as_o to_o reduce_v it_o to_o a_o regular_a and_o perfect_a figure_n but_o yet_o because_o in_o some_o place_n it_o come_v somewhat_o near_o to_o such_o a_o figure_n somewhere_o it_o be_v very_o far_o off_o we_o think_v it_o fit_a to_o insert_v this_o distinction_n this_o inclination_n to_o a_o regular_a figure_n be_v somewhere_o square_a consist_v of_o right-line_n somewhere_o circular_a a_o example_n of_o the_o former_a we_o have_v in_o spain_n which_o on_o the_o north-side_n and_o the_o west_n be_v bound_v more_o streit_o come_v near_o a_o right-line_n of_o the_o other_o in_o africkâ—_n who_o north-west_n side_n from_o the_o mediterranean_a streit_n to_o guinea_n seem_v in_o some_o sort_n circular_a 6_o a_o various_a termination_n be_v that_o wherein_o the_o bound_n be_v crooked_a and_o as_o it_o be_v indent_v with_o creke_n and_o turn_n here_o three_o thing_n be_v remarkable_a 1._o peninsula_n isthmus_n and_o promontorium_n 7_o a_o peninsula_n be_v a_o part_n of_o land_n every_o where_o environ_v with_o the_o sea_n except_v in_o one_o part_n where_o it_o be_v knit_v unto_o the_o main_a land_n a_o isthmus_n be_v a_o narrow_a land_n betwixt_o two_o sea_n a_o promontory_n be_v a_o high_a mountain_n bend_v itself_o into_o the_o sea_n the_o head_n whereof_o be_v call_v a_o cape_n these_o three_o be_v remarkable_a accident_n grow_v out_o of_o the_o termination_n of_o the_o land_n with_o the_o sea_n and_o belong_v as_o well_o to_o continent_n as_o land_n the_o first_o we_o call_v peninsula_n quasi_fw-la penè_fw-la insula_fw-la term_v of_o the_o grecian_n chersonesus_n although_o i_o find_v this_o name_n often_o give_v to_o the_o isthmus_n than_o the_o peninsula_n among_o the_o