Linguistic DNA - Concept Modelling Demonstrator

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
land_n	air_n	place_n	zone_n	20	3	11.9708	5	false

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A16482	The trauellers breuiat, or, An historicall description of the most famous kingdomes in the world relating their situations, manners, customes, ciuill gouernment, and other memorable matters. / Translated into English.; Relazioni universali. English	Botero, Giovanni, 1540-1617.; Johnson, Robert, fl. 1586-1626.	1601 (1601)	STC 3398; ESTC S115576	135,154	186

Pacquin wherein the king keepeth his court is situated in 48. degrees The Empire is diuided into fifteene prouinces sixe maritime Cantan Foquem Chiqueuan Pantora Nanquij the rest inland Quichiu Iuana Quancij Suiuam Fuquam Cansij Xianxij Nonam Sancij The prouinces of Quinci Cantan and Foquem are diuided from the vplandish with mountaines like the Alpes but not aboue two daies iourney asunder Thomas Perez the king of Portugals ambassador made fower moneths iourney from Cantan to Nanquij alwaies bearing northerly It is not so spacious but it is as fertil for it yeeldeth not only what is fitting for humane life but whatsoeuer the delicate and effeminate appetite of man may lust after Many plants yeeld fruit twice or thrice a yeere and that not onely by the temperature of the aire but by the number of riuers and plentie of waters which doe both cause traffike through euery corner of the region and so water it on all sides that it resembleth a most pleasant and delectable garden plot Of this plentie there are two causes one the prodigall expences of the king in digging of trenches through the whole land sometime cutting through rockie mountaines sometime damming vp deepe vallies to make them leuell with high mountaines to draine the waters of lakes and marishes the other for that the whole region is situated vnder the temperatre Zone and in no place either by nature or mans industrie wanteth moisture so that all creatures taking nourishment of heate and moisture must needes here wonderously prosper In no place plants may take larger scope to spread their branches nor cattell larger walkes to wander in then in this countrie The last reason is for that the idle are neither seuerely punished nor altogether tolerated euery one is forced to doe somewhat no foote of land is left vnhusbanded nor dram of stuffe cast away vnwrought Amongst all admirables one thing is woorthie consideration that in Cantan they keepe fower thousand whales to grinde corne and rice In China euery one is set about somewhat according to his yeeres and strength one laboureth with his hand one with his foote one with his eie another must be dooing with his toong those onelie who are impoteÌ„t in their limes haue no friends liuing to succour them are prouided for in hospitals That none may excuse themselues in saying he can do nothing euery one is bound to learne his fathers occupation which is the reason that the children borne as it were tradesmen learne their fathers occupations before they perceiue it becomming in time most artificiall mechaniques He that can not liue at lande seeketh his maintenance at sea for that is no lesse inhabited then the land yea infinite housholds liue vpon the riuers in boats without comming to land for a long season Some of these liue by ferrying ouer people some by transporting passengers and their merchandise others keepe shops other vessels of lodgings for merchants and trauellers Whatsoeuer is needfull for clothing for foode or nourishment delight or case of a ciuill life is to be found in the midst of great riuers Many nourish all sorts of poultrie especially ducks in their vessels To hatch the egges and nourish the yoong ones they vse not the dams as we do but an artificiall heate in a manner as they do in Egypt especially at Cair All night he keepeth them in his boat at morning sendeth them to feede in the fields sowed with rice whence all day long hauing fed vpon the weeds to the great good of the husbandman they returne towards euening to their cages at the sound of a little bell or cimball Many liue by carrying fish both salt and fresh into the high countries for in the spring when the riuers rise through thawes and land-flouds so incomparable quantities of sea fish do abound in the hauens or creekes that the fishermen depart rather wearied then wanting This fish the skippers buy for a small matter of the fishermen and keeking them aliue in certaine vessels made for the purpose they transport them into prouinces farre remote from the sea There they are sold and preserued in pooles and stewes neere cities and great townes to serue the markets and tables of the Chinois all the yeere long Because it is forbidden any inhabitant to passe out of the land without leaue and therewith neither but for a time limited it must needs be that by the daily increase of people the countrey be euen pestered with inhabitation It hath beene obserued amongst themselues that for euery fiue that haue died seauen haue beene borne The climate is so temperate and the aire so wholesome that in mans memorie any vniuersall pestilence hath not beene knowen to infest the countrey Notwithstanding least any man should thinke this people to enioy all sweetes without some mixture of sower you must note that their earthquakes are more dreadfull to them then any pestilence to vs for whole cities haue beene swallowed and prouinces made desart by this punishment They choke vp the course of ancient chanels and make new where were neuer any before they lay mountaines leuell with the ground making hauocke of the people In the yeere 1555. a deluge breaking out of the bowels of the earth deuoured 180. miles of firme land with the townes and villages standing thereupon those which scaped the floud lightning and fire from heauen destroied There are saide to be in China 150. cities 235. great townes 1154. castles and 420. boroughes without wals wherein soldiers are quartered of villages and hamlets some of them conteining a thousand housholds the number is infinite for the countrey is so couered with habitation that all China seemeth but as one towne They haue two metrapolitan cities Nanquin and Panquin In Nanquin towards the north the king keepeth his court Vnder the iurisdiction of the one are seuen prouinces vnder the other eight Both of them are so spacious that it is a daies iourney for a horseman to ride from one end to the other Of the number of inhabitants no certainty can be produced but according to manuscript relations and report of trauellers it is said that the kingdome containeth 70. millions of liuing soules This is an admirable report and not to be beleeued if it be compared with the prouinces of Christendome but surely something aboue conceite is to be credited to these spacious populous and barbarous nations Let vs set the largenes of their prouinces the circuite of their cities their plentie and aboundance of all things and in all places either prospering by nature or mans industrie with their numbers and inhabitation and we shall finde a countrey like inough to affoord such a reckoning cities and dwellings able to containe them and nourishment sufficient to maintaine them Italy exceedeth not nine millions Germany excluding the Swissers and Netherlands not ten and with the foresaid prouinces not aboue fifteene which number peraduenture France may reach vnto Spaine is farre inferior to Italy Sicilie hath but

woods and the marrishes which euen in plaines make great pooles being vnto them a naturall wall trench against all incursions On the tops of mountaines are manie fruitfull plaines plentifull and fit for the feeding of â—atâ—le and thicke woods full of wilde beasts These rockie and mountainous places abounding notwithstanding with woods and pastures doe so strengthen the countrey that they neither feare to be forced by inuasion nor to be constrained with hunger for the dangerous accesse of the mountaines and the thicknes of the woods secureth them against the assaults of their enimies and in beseegings they doe sustaine themselues by cattle and wilde beasts which can neuer faile them To this helpeth the abundance of people fierce of courage excellent in the vse of their armes for necessities sake being able speedily to assemble 25. or 30. thousand men against the inrodes of their enimies and trusting to the strength of situations of places and practise of their armes they indeuour not to fortifie their ciâ—â—eâ— nor hauens which are so thicke in this countrey that by reason of the inlets of the sea there is not almost one house distant aboue twentie miles from the Ocean The king of Scotland gouerneth the Hebrides being fortie two and the Orchades thirtie two in number But since neither Scotland nor the saide Ilands are better stored with plenty of corne more then sufficeth for their owne prouision and the people are neither giuen to artes or abounding in wealth few merchants do resort thither But England whereof we now treate is diuided into three great prouinces England Cornwall and Wales England stretcheth to the Germaine sea Cornwall is right against France Wales against Ireland This most florishing kingdome conteineth two Archbishopricks Canterburie and Yoâ—ke 24. bishopricks 136. walled townes In the reigne of king Henry and his son Edward there were reckoned fortie thousand parishes but now there are onely 9725. Cornwall Wales in comparison of England are barren in the vpland places the people liue vpon white meates and oaten bread especially in Wales yet hath nature placed an Iland commonly called Anglesey so neere vnto it abounding with corne and cattle that it niay woorthily be called the mother of Wales Cornwall is exceeding rich in mines of Tinne and Lead England farre surpasseth both these prouinces in largenes riches and fertilitie and though it stand somewhat more northerly notwithstanding by the benefite of the sea or some vnknowne influence of the starres the aire there is so gentle and temperate rather thicke and moist then sharpe and colde that it token thereof the bay tree and the rosemarie are alwaies greene And it is most certaine that Flanders and Brabant are more vexed with cold and ice then England wherein for the most part the land is plaine yet now and then so garnished with fruitfull and delightfull hilles and those rising so pleasantly by little and little that they which see them a farre off can scant discerne them froâ—â— the plaine The cheefest prouision of the kingdome is corne cattle and fish so stored therewith for plenty goodnes and sweetnes that it needeth neither the helpe of France no nor of any neighbour bordring countrey Among other things the flesh especially of their swine oxen and veales haue the best relish of any part of Christendome and of fish their Pike and Oysters It bringeth not foorth Mules nor Asses but of horse infinite store The wealth thereof consisteth in neuer decaying mines of tinne and lead there are also found veines of copper and iron and in Cornewall is digged tinne of such excellent finenes that it seemeth little inferiour to siluer in qualitie Heere the wools are most fine by reason of the hils whereof the kingdome is full On these hils groweth a finall and tender kinde of grasse neither dunged nor watred with spring nor riuer but in winter nourished with the moisture of the aire and in sommer with the deaw of heauen which is so gratefull and pleasing to the sheepe that it causeth them to beare fleeces of singular goodnes and exceeding finenes The Iland breedeth no wolues nor any other rauening beasts and therefore their flockes wander night and day by hils dales and fields as well inclosed as common without feare or danger Most delicate clothes are wouch of this wooll which are transported in great abundance into Germanie Poland Denmarke Sweuqland and other prouinces where they are in high request There grow all sorts of pulse great store of Saffron and infinite quantitie of beere transported from thence into Belgia as also pelts and sea-coale The Iland is so commodiously seated for the sea that it is neuer without resort of Portugall Spanish French Flemish and Easterling merchants The trafique betweene the English and the Flemish ariseth to an inestimable value for Guiâ—ciardin writeth that before the tumults of the Low-countries they bartered for twelue millions of crownes yeerely There are other Ilands subiect to the crowne of England as Ireland Wight Man and Anglesey the ancient dwelling of the Druides Syllyes Gernsey Iersey and Alderney Ireland is not much lesse then England in bignes for it is three hundred miles long and ninetie broad mountainous woodie full of bogs apter for pasture then corne and abounding with milke and butter It sendeth foorth great store of butter skiâ—nes and saffron It is full of riuers and lakes abounding with fish It hath two Archbishoprickes Armach and Cassels the chiefe seat is Dublin and that part which lieth towards the East and the south is best peopled The prouinces of Vlster Conaught and Mounster situated to the west and north are lesse fruitfull and more sauage The other three Ilands are about one bignes of them Anglesey is the â—â—st and therefore called the mother of Wales it is well replenished with cattell and plentie of corne Man is fiue and twentie miles distant from England it hath one Bishopricke and two hauens the land is not verie fertill Wight is a hilly countrey in it is Newport a towne strongly fortified it incloseth the whole channell of South-hampton which is ouer against it and the fairest hauen in that sea In strength of situation no kingdome excelleth England for it hath these two properties which Aristotle wisheth in the building of a citie one is that it be difficult to besiege the other that it be easie to coâ—uey in and out all things necessarie these two commodities hath England by the sâ—â— which to the inhabitants is as a deepe trench against hostile inuasions and an easie passage to take in or sende out all commodities whatsoeuer On the west is the Irish Ocean a sea so shallow and so full of rockes flats that it is verie dangerous for great ships and on the south the flowing and ebbing of the Brittish Ocean is so violent and the remoouing of sandes and shelues so vncertaine that vnlesse the mariners be skilfull in taking the opportunities of winde and â—ydes they can hardly bring in their ships

leagues in length and 100. in bredth euen from the south Ocean to Andi in the east The mercilesse furie of the waters in some places standing and moorish in other running haue gainesaid and put a period to their further progresses when without any colorable or iust cause they inuade their confining neighbours They most ridiculously pretend that in the vniuersall deluge mankind was preserued in their countrey and so by tradition haue been nuzzeled in the true ancient religion which as they say they are bound in conscience to sowe and disperse in the mindes of all men either by faire meanes or foule Their chiefe gods are Viracoca that is to say the Creator of all things and the Sunne Inga Pacacuti who instructed them in their superstitions when he had beautified the temples with offrings and sacrifice assigned none to the temple of Viracoca alleaging that forasmuch as he is the maker of all things he needeth not any thing Amongst other memorable ordinances by him instituted in the winning of countries one was that the conquered land should be diuided into three parts the first dedicated to the gods and maintenance of the charge of their ceremonies the second and greatest portion was giuen to Inga therewith to maintaine his estate the expences of his court parents barons and garrisons the third was distributed amongst the soldiers no man could claime propertie in any thing to say this is mine but by the fauour and sufferance of Inga neither might that descend by inheritance The landes belonging to the people and comminaltie were yeerely limited and so much allotted to euery man as might be thought sufficient for the sustentation of his family some yeeres more some lesse without exaction of any rent in liew whereof they conditioned to manure the lands of Inga and the gods the increase they stored in most ample garners thereunto appointed from whence in time of scarcitie it was shared amongst the people the like they did with their cattel diuiding them by head which point of gouernment in mine opinion farre exceedeth either the partitions of Lyeurgus or the Agragrian lawes of the Romaines Besides merchandize incredible treasures of gold and siluer are transported out of Noua Hispania and Peru of those treasures commonly Peru yeeldeth two parts and Noua Hispania the third which is more rich in commodities then Mexico Amongst the rest it giueth Cochinella a merchandize of inestimable value and infinite store of Hides The Ilands affoord plentie of hides cotten wooll sugar cannafistula hard waxe and pearles Amongst these riches and treasures of Peru two things are woonderfull one that in the siluer mines which were discouered in Potosie in the yeere 1545. there is and hath beene found so huge a masse of Bullion that the fift part which is the kings in the space of fortie yeeres amounted to one hundred and eleuen millions of Pezoes neither yet did two third parts pay their due to his maiestie The other is the quick-siluer mines in Guancaualcan found in the yeere 1567. out of which the king hath receiued 40000. Pezoes all charges defraied It is a strange thing to note that whereas mother Nature hath interlaced so riotously her golden and siluer veines in the bosome and wombe of Peru it hath bestowed no such blessing vpon her neerest daughter Brasile but in stead thereof hath inriched her with a most temperate and holsome aire with many pleasant springs and large riuers not without sufficiencie of wood she hath diuided the land into fruitefull plaines and delightsome hils clothed it with the beautie of continuall greenenesse abounding about beliefe with sugar-canes which the Portugals there planted and now transport in infinite numbers into forreine regions The Philippinae may well be termed the appendances to this new world and although in respect of their site by reason of their proximitie they may be thought a part of Asia yet the discouerers thereof trauelled through new Spaine before they could discouer them of which Ilands more then 40. are subiect to this soueraigntie and by them haue been reduced to a ciuill kinde of life and policie Now bauing generally run ouer the spacions I will not say boundlesse members of this empire let vs diuide the discourse thereof as much as concernes the strength and policie into fower particulars the first whereof shall intreate of his pieces in Europe the second of his dominions in the newe world the third of his territories of the west and south coast of Africke the fourth of his principalities in India and Asia The prouinces which he hath in Europe are of the most puissant powerfull sort that are compreheÌ„ded in this limitation Spaine it selfe hath bin alway acknowledged for so wealthy so puissant and so spacious a kingdome that not without good cause it may challenge the primacie of all the prouinces and of the continent if not in any consideration else yet in regarde that the Romaines Carthaginians continued so long and so cruell wars for the possession and royalty thereof The Gothes and Vandals when they had with the streames of their ouerflowing multitudes swarmed ouer the greatest part of the Romaine empire here sat them downe and made it the place of their inhabitation Trebellius Pollio termeth it and France the iointes and sinewes of the Romaine empire Constantine when he diuided the empire preferred it before Italie And in the diuision when England France Spaine and Italie fel to his lot he little esteeming the last and voluntarily leauing it to his competitor contented himselfe with the three formost Who knoweth not that the kingdome of Naples is the flower of the Italian prouinces Who seeth not that nature hath confined and heaped into this territorie as if it were into her closet all those delightfull happinesses which with her owne hands she hath here and there scattered and dispersed through the other of the European prouinces What can we say otherwise of the Duchie of Millaine And for Sicil it may be compared to any yea it surpasseth all the Ilands of the Mediterranean for fertilnes for the concourse of merchants for artizans singular for populous townes and for stately edifices The gouernment of Spaine is absolute and kingly in their regiment we may see that they haue attained to such perfection of aduisednes that all things are purposely discussed and questioned in seuerall counsels before they are put in execution Where the graue and considerate counsels of Fabius are receiued when the rash and headie precepts of Marcellus are reiected Innouations and change of ancient customes are auoided in regard whereof Innocent the eight was woont to say that the Spaniard was so compleat in gouernment that in this respect he neuer erred or miscarried and by this policie he gouerneth nations different in natures and dissonant in lawes and fashions Castilians Arragons Biskaines Portuguezes Italians Dutchmen Indians Christians and Gentils with such peaceable vnion as if they were his owne naturall subiects And whereas some obiect that this

Selected quad for the lemma: land_n

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