last_o infeftment_n will_v also_o be_v presume_v to_o continue_v superior_a and_o the_o inquest_n will_v serve_v according_o unless_o another_o superior_a be_v instruct_v or_o acknowledge_v by_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi which_o acknowledgement_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o pursuer_n hazard_n of_o disclamation_n and_o that_o the_o subsequent_a superior_n right_n be_v in_o his_o own_o hand_n and_o he_o can_v be_v prejudge_v by_o the_o service_n therefore_o that_o point_n will_v be_v so_o serve_v periculo_fw-la petentis_fw-la 37._o the_o four_o head_n of_o the_o brieve_n be_v by_o what_o service_n the_o fee_n be_v hold_v whether_o it_o be_v ward_n blench_v feu_n or_o burgage_n which_o also_o must_v be_v instruct_v by_o the_o evident_n and_o if_o nothing_o else_o appear_v the_o fee_n be_v presume_v to_o be_v ward_n because_o that_o only_o be_v the_o proper_a fee_n and_o the_o other_o be_v improper_a decline_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o fee_n and_o therefore_o be_v not_o presume_v but_o must_v be_v prove_v and_o as_o craig_n observe_v lib._n 2._o dieg_n 17._o it_o will_v not_o instruct_v the_o fee_n not_o to_o be_v ward_n though_o it_o contain_v a_o particular_a reddendo_fw-la of_o a_o cane_n or_o duty_n yea_o though_o it_o bear_v pro_fw-la omni_fw-la alio_fw-la servitio_fw-la &_o questione_fw-la seculari_fw-la unless_o it_o express_v the_o say_v reddendo_fw-la to_o be_v in_o name_n of_o blench_v duty_n or_o in_o name_n of_o feudutie_n so_o a_o infeftment_n bear_v a_o particular_a duty_n payable_a at_o whitsunday_n and_o martinmass_o yearly_a cum_fw-la servitiis_fw-la in_o curiis_fw-la nostris_fw-la debitis_fw-la &_o consuetis_fw-la be_v find_v to_o be_v a_o ward_n hold_v hope_v de_fw-fr feudi_fw-la renovatione_fw-la williamson_n contra_fw-la thomson_n and_o a_o infeftment_n bear_v sex_n denarios_fw-la nomine_fw-la canae_fw-la with_o a_o tax_v marriage_n be_v find_v ward_n feb._n 7._o 1610._o as_o be_v resolve_v by_o oliphant_n the_o king_n advocate_n in_o a_o consultation_n with_o the_o bishop_n of_o st._n andrews_n for_o enter_v the_o lord_n lindsay_n to_o the_o land_n of_o struthers_n 38._o the_o five_o head_n be_v the_o value_n of_o the_o fee_n now_o and_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n the_o reason_n of_o insert_v of_o this_o article_n be_v because_o there_o be_v due_a to_o the_o superior_a a_o year_n rend_v of_o the_o fee_n for_o the_o entire_a of_o the_o heir_n which_o be_v call_v the_o relief_n of_o which_o former_o title_n superiority_n and_o that_o it_o may_v be_v constant_a and_o liquidat_n there_o be_v a_o general_a valuation_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n which_o be_v call_v the_o old_a retour_fw-fr or_o old_a extent_n thereafter_o there_o be_v a_o second_o retour_fw-fr call_v the_o new_a retour_fw-fr or_o extent_n whereby_o the_o new_a retour_fw-fr of_o some_o shire_n be_v make_v the_o triple_a and_o some_o the_o quadruple_a of_o the_o old_a yea_o different_a new_a retour_n be_v in_o the_o same_o shire_n but_o there_o be_v no_o new_a retour_n in_o southern_a shire_n upon_o the_o border_n which_o be_v frequent_o waste_v with_o war_n and_o little_a addition_n in_o the_o northern_a shire_n so_o the_o meaning_n of_o the_o article_n be_v what_o the_o fee_n be_v worth_a now_o that_o be_v what_o the_o new_a retour_fw-fr or_o extent_n thereof_o be_v and_o what_o it_o be_v worth_a in_o the_o time_n of_o peace_n or_o what_o be_v the_o old_a extent_n thereof_o craig_n declare_v he_o can_v never_o find_v clear_a satisfaction_n in_o the_o reason_n of_o these_o expression_n especial_o why_o the_o old_a retour_fw-fr be_v call_v that_o which_o be_v in_o the_o time_n of_o peace_n and_o he_o conjecture_v that_o because_o our_o fore_a father_n be_v say_v to_o rest_n in_o peace_n therefore_o by_o the_o same_o peace_n be_v mean_v the_o time_n of_o our_o predecessor_n but_o i_o conceive_v the_o matter_n may_v be_v better_o clear_v thus_o the_o casualty_n of_o the_o superiority_n be_v of_o old_a the_o chief_a patrimony_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o scotland_n and_o be_v further_o extend_v than_o of_o late_a and_o therefore_o it_o seem_v that_o the_o time_n of_o the_o make_v the_o new_a retour_fw-fr and_o cause_n thereof_o be_v the_o frequency_n of_o war_n require_v a_o addition_n of_o the_o royal_a revenue_n and_o though_o through_o the_o alteration_n of_o the_o rate_n of_o money_n neither_o of_o the_o retour_n be_v now_o considerable_a yet_o doubtless_o they_o be_v very_o considerable_a in_o those_o time_n so_o that_o by_o quid_fw-la valet_fw-la nunc_fw-la be_v to_o be_v understand_v in_o time_n of_o war_n at_o which_o time_n the_o new_a retour_fw-fr was_z make_v which_o be_v the_o more_o evident_a by_o the_o opposite_a member_n what_o be_v the_o value_n in_o the_o time_n of_o peace_n so_o that_o the_o old_a retour_fw-fr be_v that_o value_n which_o be_v before_o the_o necessity_n of_o heighten_v thereof_o by_o the_o war_n be_v fit_o say_v to_o be_v that_o which_o be_v in_o time_n of_o peace_n and_o the_o new_a retour_fw-fr that_o which_o be_v make_v in_o time_n of_o war._n and_o immediate_o after_o the_o constitution_n thereof_o the_o brieve_n be_v make_v to_o express_v it_o by_o the_o then_o present_a time_n nunc_fw-la which_o have_v be_v always_o so_o continue_v because_o the_o style_n of_o brieu_v be_v not_o to_o be_v alter_v this_o be_v the_o more_o evident_a that_o the_o border_v shire_n which_o be_v frequent_o waste_v by_o incursion_n be_v not_o alter_v in_o their_o extent_n so_o that_o it_o have_v be_v make_v in_o a_o time_n of_o war._n the_o new_a extent_n be_v not_o only_o the_o rule_n of_o relief_n but_o of_o nonentrie_n in_o land_n hold_v ward_n and_o blench_v for_o the_o new_a retour_fw-fr mail_n be_v only_o due_a till_o general_a declarator_n but_o in_o feu_n land_n there_o be_v only_a regard_n to_o the_o extent_n for_o during_o the_o nonentry_n thereof_o at_o least_o before_o general_a declarator_n nothing_o be_v due_a but_o the_o feu_fw-fr duty_n and_o the_o duplication_n thereof_o for_o the_o relief_n annualrent_n have_v no_o difference_n before_o or_o after_o declarator_n and_o therefore_o be_v always_o retour_v to_o the_o full_a value_n of_o the_o annualrent_a and_o be_v thus_o express_v quod_fw-la valet_fw-la seipsum_fw-la 39_o the_o six_o head_n be_v whether_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi be_v of_o lawful_a age_n wherein_o we_o must_v distinguish_v betwixt_o ward_n holding_n and_o other_o holding_n blench_v feu_n or_o burgage_n for_o in_o these_o any_o age_n be_v lawful_a age._n but_o in_o ward_n holding_n because_o the_o superior_a by_o virtue_n of_o the_o ward_n have_v the_o profit_n of_o the_o land_n during_o the_o heir_n minority_n therefore_o they_o can_v enter_v till_o their_o majority_n at_o which_o time_n only_o the_o heir_n be_v of_o lawful_a age_n which_o in_o man_n be_v twenty_o one_o year_n complete_a and_o in_o woman_n fourteen_o year_n complete_a january_n 27._o 1610._o laird_n of_o kilbirnie_n contra_fw-la fairly_n yet_o if_o the_o king_n or_o any_o other_o superior_a give_v dispensation_n of_o the_o age_n the_o service_n will_v proceed_v but_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o ward_n continue_v with_o the_o superior_a by_o the_o dispensation_n in_o the_o disposition_n the_o heir_n age_n must_v also_o be_v instruct_v to_o the_o inquest_n either_o as_o be_v notour_n by_o inspection_n of_o the_o person_n for_o it_o will_v be_v ridiculous_a to_o prove_v a_o gray-headed_n heir_n to_o be_v major_a but_o in_o dubio_fw-la witness_n or_o other_o sufficient_a adminicle_n must_v be_v adhibit_v 40._o the_o seven_o head_n of_o the_o brieve_n be_v in_o who_o hand_n the_o fee_n be_v that_o be_v to_o who_o the_o profit_n and_o benefit_n thereof_o do_v now_o belong_v for_o ordinary_o the_o fee_n be_v retour_v to_o be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o superior_a by_o reason_n of_o nonentrie_n but_o sometime_o retoured_a to_o be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o supeior_n superior_n when_o the_o sùperior_a have_v lose_v the_o casualty_n of_o the_o superiority_n during_o his_o life_n and_o sometime_o it_o be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o liferenter_n by_o conjunct-fee_n or_o liferent_a hold_v of_o the_o superior_a which_o do_v not_o hinder_v the_o entry_n of_o the_o heir_n to_o the_o fee_n yet_o exclude_v nonentrie_n the_o remanent_fw-la particle_n of_o the_o brieve_n from_o what_o time_n how_o by_o what_o service_n by_o who_o and_o through_o what_o cause_n be_v but_o circumstance_n relative_a to_o the_o last_o head_n that_o thereby_o it_o may_v appear_v first_o how_o long_o the_o fee_n have_v be_v in_o nonentry_n or_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o immediate_a superior_n or_o liferenter_fw-la 2._o how_o it_o come_v to_o be_v in_o that_o condition_n so_o it_o become_v in_o nonentrie_n by_o the_o vassal's_n death_n and_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o mediate_v superior_a by_o the_o contumacy_n of_o the_o immediate_a superior_n in_o not_o enter_v his_o vassal_n and_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o liferenter_fw-la
deed_n contrary_a to_o the_o tack_v 37_o or_o by_o remove_v 38_o summary_n remove_v without_o warning_n in_o what_o case_n 39_o the_o old_a way_n of_o remove_v tenant_n 40_o warn_v of_o tenant_n to_o remove_v 41_o the_o active_a title_n in_o remove_n 42_o exception_n against_o remove_n not_o instant_o verify_v be_v not_o receiveable_a till_o cautiou_n be_v find_v for_o the_o violent_a profit_n 43_o defence_n against_o remove_v and_o reply_v thereto_o 44_o violent_a profit_n 45_o succeed_v in_o the_o vice_n of_o tenant_n remove_v title_n xx._n wadsetts_n where_o of_o reversion_n regress_n and_o redemption_n 1_o infeftment_n for_o satisfaction_n of_o sum_n principal_a and_o annual_a or_o for_o relief_n be_v proper_a feudal_a impignoration_n consist_v with_o the_o disponer_n property_n 2_o the_o nature_n of_o wadset_n 3_o the_o nature_n of_o reversion_n 4_o kind_n of_o reversion_n 5_o 〈◊〉_d requisite_a in_o reversion_n 6_o the_o effect_n of_o clause_n irritant_fw-la in_o reversion_n 7_o reversion_n be_v stricti_fw-la juris_fw-la 8_o kind_n of_o wadset_n 9_o proper_a wadset_n 10_o the_o effect_n of_o tack_n after_o redemption_n contain_v in_o reversion_n 11_o improper_a wadset_n 12_o regress_n 13_o discharge_v of_o reversion_n 14_o wadset_n become_v legal_o extinct_a by_o declarator_n of_o explring_n thereof_o or_o by_o the_o order_n and_o declarator_n of_o redemption_n 15_o the_o order_n of_o redemption_n of_o apprising_n or_o adjudication_n 16_o the_o order_n of_o redemption_n by_o conventional_a reversion_n 17_o premonition_n 18_o gonsignation_n 19_o declarator_n of_o redemption_n 20_o the_o effect_n of_o declarator_n of_o redemption_n 21_o defence_n against_o declarator_n of_o redemption_n 22_o requisition_n 23_o how_o far_o other_o right_n may_v be_v reserve_v in_o redemption_n or_o renounciation_n title_n xxi_o extinction_n of_o infeftment_n where_o of_o resignation_n ad_fw-la remanentiam_fw-la recognition_n disclamation_n purpresture_n and_o other_o feudal_n delinquence_n 1_o the_o form_n of_o resignation_n ad_fw-la remanentiam_fw-la 2_o they_o may_v be_v by_o procurator_n or_o propriis_fw-la manibus_fw-la 3_o instrument_n of_o resignation_n prove_v not_o without_o a_o warrant_n in_o writ_n 4_o resignation_n ad_fw-la remanentiam_fw-la be_v valid_a without_o registration_n till_o the_o year_n 1669._o 5_o resignation_n imply_v all_o burden_n by_o the_o vassal_n affect_v the_o fee_n 6_o resignation_n by_o he_o who_o have_v no_o right_a with_o consent_n of_o he_o who_o have_v right_o how_o far_o effectual_a 7_o how_o far_o superior_n may_v not_o reject_v resignation_n ad_fw-la remanentiam_fw-la 8_o how_o infeftment_n become_v extinct_a by_o succession_n as_o heir_n or_o singulari_fw-la titulo_fw-la 9_o the_o original_n of_o extinction_n of_o fee_n not_o by_o the_o vassal_n consent_n but_o by_o his_o deed._n 10_o recognition_n by_o alienation_n of_o the_o ward_n fee_n 11_o recognition_n by_o infeftment_n a_o se._n 12_o whether_o recognition_n can_v be_v incur_v by_o deed_n in_o minority_n or_o on_o deathbed_n 13_o whether_o recognition_n can_v be_v incur_v by_o subfeudation_a 14_o how_o far_o feus_n exceed_v the_o half_n of_o the_o full_a rent_n may_v subsist_v without_o recognition_n 15_o in_o what_o case_n other_o feus_n of_o ward_n land_n infer_v not_o recognition_n 16_o recognition_n by_o alienation_n be_v only_o of_o land_n clear_o ward_n simple_a or_o tax_v 17_o recognition_n be_v not_o incur_v unless_o the_o major_a part_n be_v alienat_fw-la 18_o recognition_n be_v not_o incur_v by_o alienation_n to_o the_o vassal_n apparent_a heir_n 19_o whether_o recognition_n be_v incur_v by_o alienation_n on_o condition_n that_o the_o superior_a consent_n 20_o inhibition_n exclude_v not_o recognition_n 21_o recognition_n be_v not_o exclude_v by_o the_o vassal_n drunkenness_n when_o he_o alienat_fw-la 22_o how_o the_o superior_n consent_n may_v be_v adhibit_v to_o alienation_n to_o shun_v recognition_n 23_o how_o far_o the_o king_n confirmation_n without_o a_o novodamus_fw-la take_v off_o recognition_n 24_o how_o recognition_n be_v take_v off_o by_o homologation_n 25_o recognition_n exclude_v all_o infeftment_n tack_n or_o servitude_n by_o the_o vassal's_n deed_n without_o the_o superior_n consent_v or_o authority_n of_o law_n 26_o servitude_n by_o prescription_n be_v not_o exclude_v by_o recognition_n 27_o in_o recognition_n who_o must_v be_v cite_v and_o who_o may_v compear_v 28_o the_o title_n and_o order_n in_o declarator_n of_o recognition_n 29_o disclamation_n how_o incur_v 30_o purpresture_n how_o incur_v 31_o feudal_n delinquence_n adduce_v by_o the_o feudist_n for_o resolve_v fe_n 32_o atrocious_a deed_n against_o vassal_n fidelity_n to_o their_o superior_n resolve_v their_o fe_n 33_o how_o far_o the_o ignorance_n or_o weakness_n of_o the_o vassal_n excuse_n with_o other_o exception_n for_o the_o vassal_n 34_o whether_o the_o delinquence_n of_o the_o subvassal_n infer_v recognition_n title_n xxii_o prescription_n 1_o prescription_n distinguish_v and_o describe_v 2_o usucapion_n 3_o the_o several_a time_n require_v to_o usucapion_n or_o prescription_n by_o the_o roman_a law_n 4_o requisit_n to_o prescription_n 5_o bona_fw-la fides_fw-la requisite_a to_o prescription_n 6_o whether_o he_o who_o doubt_v of_o his_o author_n be_v right_o be_v in_o bona_fw-la or_o mala_fw-la fide_fw-la 7_o evidence_n of_o mala_fw-la fides_fw-la 8_o the_o title_n requisite_a to_o prescription_n 9_o the_o motive_n inductive_a of_o prescription_n 10_o exception_n where_o prescription_n take_v no_o place_n by_o the_o civil_a law_n 11_o the_o common_a rule_n of_o prescription_n with_o we_o 12_o the_o beginning_n of_o prescription_n of_o personal_a right_n with_o the_o extension_n thereof_o 13_o prescription_n of_o movable_n 14_o prescription_n be_v reckon_v the_o momento_n in_o momentum_fw-la per_fw-la tempus_fw-la continuum_fw-la 15_o prescription_n of_o heritable_a right_n 16_o prescription_n be_v not_o extend_v against_o the_o right_n of_o superiority_n 17_o prescription_n run_v not_o for_o tenant_n against_o their_o master_n 18_o prescription_n run_v not_o against_o minor_n but_o there_o be_v no_o exception_n of_o mortification_n to_o pious_a use_n 19_o in_o our_o long_a prescription_n bona_fw-la fides_fw-la be_v not_o require_v 20_o the_o title_n requisite_a in_o prescription_n of_o heritable_a right_n 21_o this_o long_a prescription_n secure_v wadset_n infeftment_n for_o security_n teind_n and_o long_a tack_n 22_o how_o far_o teind_n can_v prescribe_v 23_o this_o prescription_n extend_v to_o patronage_n and_o office_n 24_o and_o to_o thirlage_n and_o all_o servitude_n 25_o this_o prescription_n exclude_v all_o action_n and_o ground_n of_o reduction_n and_o declarator_n if_o the_o essential_o of_o the_o title_n appear_v 26_o the_o several_a way_n of_o interruption_n of_o prescription_n 27_o the_o way_n of_o interruption_n by_o king_n charles_n the_o first_o as_o to_o special_a right_n of_o the_o crown_n by_o letter_n of_o publication_n 28_o the_o annual_a prescription_n of_o the_o privilege_n of_o apparent_a heir_n intra_fw-la annum_fw-la deliberandi_fw-la 29_o the_o biennial_a prescription_n of_o the_o preference_n of_o diligence_n of_o the_o creditor_n of_o defunct_n to_o the_o diligence_n of_o the_o creditor_n of_o the_o heir_n 30_o triennial_n prescription_n of_o spuilzie_n ejection_n intrusion_n and_o succeed_v in_o the_o vice_n merchant_n count_n house-maills_a and_o remove_n 31_o quadrennial_a prescription_n of_o the_o privilege_n to_o reduce_v deed_n of_o minor_n intra_fw-la quadrennium_fw-la utile_fw-la 32_o quinquennial_a prescription_n of_o arrestment_n minister_n stipend_n multure_n rent_n of_o tenant_n remove_v and_o legal_a reversion_n of_o special_a adjudication_n 33_o septennial_a prescription_n of_o old_a apprising_n and_o summons_n for_o interruption_n 34_o decennial_a prescription_n of_o late_a apprising_n or_o general_a adjudication_n 35_o prescription_n of_o twenty_o year_n of_o holograph_n bond_n missive_n and_o subscription_n in_o compt-book_n without_o witness_n 36_o no_o prescription_n run_v in_o minority_n except_o remove_n house-maills_a and_o merchant_n compts_n part_n ii_o title_n xxiii_o assignation_n where_o of_o arrestment_n and_o action_n for_o make_v forthcoming_a 1_o the_o several_a conveyance_n of_o right_n 2_o what_o right_n be_v not_o transmissible_a 3_o the_o rise_n of_o assignation_n 4_o the_o tenor_n of_o assignation_n 5_o the_o conveyance_n of_o blank_a bond_n etc._n etc._n 6_o the_o rise_z and_o effect_n of_o intimation_n 7_o the_o several_a way_n of_o intimation_n 8_o what_o assignation_n be_v perfect_v by_o possession_n without_o other_o intimation_n 9_o other_o supply_n of_o intimation_n 10_o intimation_n to_o more_o correi_fw-la debendi_fw-la 11_o intimation_n be_v not_o necessary_a to_o right_n registrat_n for_o publication_n as_o reversion_n etc._n etc._n 12_o nor_o to_o order_n of_o merchant_n 13_o nor_o to_o judicial_a assignation_n by_o apprising_n etc._n etc._n 14_o nor_o to_o the_o legal_a assignation_n jure_fw-la mariti_fw-la by_o marriage_n 15_o nor_o against_o the_o cedent_n heir_n or_o executor_n even_o though_o creditor_n 16_o to_o what_o right_n assignation_n extend_v 17_o assignation_n carry_v inhibition_n follow_v on_o the_o
of_o the_o statute_n be_v to_o satisfy_v creditor_n by_o a_o judicial_a alienation_n of_o the_o debtor_n land_n ex_fw-la paritate_fw-la rationis_fw-la it_o be_v extend_v against_o the_o debtor_n appearand_a heir_n who_o be_v charge_v to_o enter_z heir_n do_v not_o enter_v and_o therefore_o land_n be_v adjudge_v from_o he_o to_o which_o he_o may_v have_v enter_v either_o for_o his_o predecessor_n debt_n or_o his_o own_o whereupon_o the_o superior_a be_v discern_v to_o receive_v the_o creditor_n adjudger_n whether_o for_o sum_n of_o money_n or_o for_o implement_n of_o disposition_n and_o obliegement_n to_o infeft_a but_o the_o custom_n allow_v not_o a_o year_n rend_v to_o superior_n for_o receive_v adjudger_n till_o the_o year_n rend_v be_v also_o extend_v to_o adjudication_n by_o act_n of_o parliament_n decem._n 3._o 1669._o the_o lord_n of_o session_n have_v always_o take_v latitude_n in_o the_o modification_n of_o the_o year_n rend_v especial_o if_o the_o sum_n apprise_v or_o adjudge_v for_o be_v small_a and_o the_o land_n he_o great_a and_o they_o have_v allow_v the_o appryzer_n or_o adjudger_n his_o option_n during_o the_o legal_a to_o take_v infeftment_n or_o not_o and_o yet_o not_o to_o be_v exclude_v from_o the_o rent_n of_o the_o land_n till_o he_o be_v satisfy_v decem._n 3._o 1672._o mr._n hendry_n hay_o contra_fw-la laird_n of_o farlstoun_n vide_fw-la tit._n 13._o §_o 29._o but_o the_o appryzer_n run_v that_o hazard_n that_o if_o the_o debtor_n die_v before_o he_o be_v satisfy_v if_o the_o land_n be_v hold_v ward_n it_o will_v fall_v in_o ward_n and_o relief_n by_o the_o debtor_n death_n and_o in_o nonentry_n for_o there_o be_v no_o reason_n that_o the_o casualty_n of_o the_o superiority_n shall_v neither_o fall_v by_o the_o appryzer_n nor_o by_o the_o debtor_n there_o be_v not_o the_o like_a reason_n that_o the_o liferent-escheat_n of_o the_o debtor_n shall_v exclude_v the_o appryzer_n if_o it_o fall_v after_o the_o apprize_a and_o charge_n for_o the_o liferent-escheat_n fall_v to_o the_o superior_a with_o all_o the_o burden_n which_o affect_v it_o by_o the_o vassal_n even_o with_o the_o burden_n of_o his_o tack_n and_o therefore_o apprize_a with_o a_o charge_n way_n be_v as_o effectual_a as_o these_o july_n 24._o 1632._o james_n rule_n con_fw-mi laird_n of_o billie_n the_o superior_a can_v have_v only_o one_o year_n rent_n from_o all_o the_o appryzer_n or_o adjudger_n but_o now_o since_o appryzer_n and_o adjudger_n within_o year_n and_o day_n come_v in_o pari_fw-la passu_fw-la where_o one_o need_v only_o to_o be_v infeft_v or_o to_o charge_n there_o be_v less_o reason_n to_o give_v a_o easy_a modification_n of_o the_o year_n rend_v to_o the_o first_o appryzer_n or_o adjudger_n insist_v for_o infeftment_n then_o before_o because_o one_o infeftment_n serve_v for_o all_o and_o he_o who_o advance_v the_o same_o get_v relief_n of_o the_o rest_n before_o they_o have_v access_n to_o the_o rent_n 33._o the_o prime_a casulity_n of_o fee_n be_v ward_n which_o be_v not_o competent_a to_o all_o superior_n ward_n be_v only_o competent_a in_o fee_n hold_v in_o military_a service_n which_o have_v their_o denomination_n from_o this_o casuality_n be_v therefore_o call_v ward-holdings_a and_o that_o not_o by_o the_o tenor_n of_o the_o investiture_n which_o seldom_o mention_v ward_n but_o by_o the_o nature_n of_o it_o for_o when_o the_o fee_n be_v holdeu_o for_o military_a service_n or_o as_o the_o english_a better_a express_v by_o knight_n service_n extend_v not_o only_a to_o follow_v in_o war_n but_o to_o council_n and_o assistance_n in_o peace_n then_o when_o the_o vassal_n be_v unfit_a for_o such_o service_n the_o fee_n be_v open_a and_o remain_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o superior_a or_o his_o donatar_n and_o though_o this_o capacity_n may_v be_v in_o some_o soon_o yet_o it_o be_v fix_v in_o man_n to_o their_o majority_n at_o twenty_o one_o year_n complete_a and_o in_o woman_n till_o they_o become_v fourteen_o year_n complete_a for_o than_o they_o be_v capable_a of_o husband_n who_o may_v do_v the_o service_n require_v in_o the_o fee_n decem._n 20._o 1609._o and_o jan._n 27._o 1610._o lady_n kilbirnie_n contra_fw-la the_o heir_n of_o fairlie_n what_o fee_n be_v hold_v ward_n we_o have_v clear_v in_o the_o former_a title_n it_o now_o remain_v that_o we_o hold_v forth_o the_o effect_n of_o this_o casuality_n 24._o ward_n reach_v the_o custody_n of_o the_o person_n and_o of_o his_o land_n hold_v ward_n it_o have_v its_o denomination_n rather_o from_o the_o former_a for_o ward_n be_v as_o much_o as_o guard_n or_o custody_n the_o superior_a or_o his_o donatar_n be_v by_o the_o nature_n of_o this_o right_n as_o a_o tutor_n to_o the_o vassal_n heir_n craig_n observe_v that_o he_o be_v preserable_a to_o all_o other_o tutor_n except_o only_o the_o father_n of_o the_o heir_n who_o fee_n descend_v by_o the_o mother_n or_o some_o other_o person_n and_o that_o he_o be_v oblige_v as_o other_o tutor_n to_o pursue_v the_o right_n of_o the_o heir_n but_o the_o course_n of_o time_n have_v turn_v this_o right_n from_o its_o ancient_a institution_n so_o that_o the_o superior_a have_v less_o enjoyment_n of_o service_n but_o more_o of_o profit_n of_o the_o fee_n there_o be_v the_o less_o regard_n to_o the_o pupil_n education_n with_o or_o by_o the_o superior_a to_o the_o effect_n he_o may_v be_v fit_v for_o his_o service_n and_o therefore_o other_o tutor_n not_o only_o for_o the_o administration_n of_o the_o pupilsmean_n but_o even_o for_o the_o custody_n and_o education_n of_o his_o person_n will_v be_v prefer_v though_o of_o old_a the_o donatar_n of_o the_o ward_n be_v prefer_v to_o the_o tutor_n in_o custody_n of_o the_o pupil_n person_n sinclar_n june_n 15._o 1543._o laird_n auchname_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o elphinstoun_n ledingtoun_n march_n 16._o 1565._o and_o july_n 12._o 1566._o weir_n contra_fw-la lochart_n yet_o late_a decision_n have_v favour_v tutor_n more_o and_o prefer_v they_o nicol._n ubi_fw-la pupuli_fw-la educari_fw-la mr._n james_n chalmers_n contra_fw-la elizabeth_n howstoun_n lady_n gadgirth_n neither_o have_v i_o ever_o observe_v that_o superior_n or_o their_o donatar_n be_v make_v liable_a as_o tutor_n for_o administration_n of_o their_o pupil_n affair_n 35._o the_o main_a effect_n of_o ward_n than_o be_v that_o thereby_o the_o superior_a or_o his_o donatar_n have_v during_o that_o time_n the_o full_a fruit_n and_o profit_n of_o the_o fee_n and_o may_v remove_v tenant_n and_o do_v all_o other_o deed_n that_o the_o proprietar_n may_v have_v do_v and_o be_v accustom_v to_o do_v as_o to_o continue_v the_o profit_n of_o a_o wood_n if_o there_o be_v constant_a cut_n as_o be_v divide_v in_o so_o many_o hag_n that_o the_o first_o be_v ready_a by_o the_o last_o be_v cut_v or_o go_v heugh_n as_o they_o be_v accustom_v by_o the_o vassal_n but_o he_o cannor_n cut_v more_o than_o the_o accustom_a yearly_a hag_n of_o wood_n or_o put_v in_o more_o coalzier_n than_o the_o vassal_n have_v at_o his_o death_n and_o ordinary_o before_o and_o he_o may_v remove_v and_o in_o put_v tenant_n and_o that_o without_o any_o precede_a declarator_n or_o favourable_a account_n esteem_v the_o retour_fw-fr mail_n for_o the_o rent_n as_o in_o nonentry_n but_o he_o may_v immediate_o pursue_v action_n for_o mail_n and_o duty_n remove_v etc._n etc._n unless_o the_o ward_n be_v tax_v and_o then_o the_o superior_a can_v have_v no_o more_o than_o the_o duty_n to_o which_o it_o be_v tax_v but_o for_o it_o he_o have_v not_o only_o the_o vassal_n and_o all_o intromettor_n with_o the_o fruit_n personal_o but_o he_o may_v also_o poynd_v the_o ground_n for_o the_o tax_v duty_n as_o craig_n affirm_v in_o this_o title_n 36._o yet_o the_o reach_n of_o the_o ward_n by_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o fee_n can_v extend_v to_o alienation_n or_o consumption_n of_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o fee_n or_o any_o part_n or_o pertinent_a thereof_o and_o this_o be_v clear_v by_o the_o statute_n parliament_n 1491._o cap._n 25._o whereby_o donatar_n must_v find_v caution_n not_o to_o destroy_v the_o biggings_n wood_n stank_n park_n meadow_n or_o dovecoat_n but_o to_o keep_v they_o in_o such_o kind_a as_o they_o get_v they_o ward_n be_v also_o restrain_v by_o the_o statute_n confirm_v feve_n of_o which_o former_o and_o these_o stand_v valid_a against_o the_o superior_a during_o the_o ward_n so_o do_v also_o all_o infeftment_n hold_v of_o he_o either_o by_o resignation_n or_o confirmation_n but_o not_o infeftment_n to_o be_v hold_v of_o his_o vassal_n unless_o confirm_v by_o he_o for_o albeit_o confirmation_n by_o the_o king_n which_o pass_v of_o course_n do_v not_o take_v away_o the_o casualty_n of_o ward_n etc._n etc._n of_o the_o king_n vassal_n which_o affect_v the_o fee_n of_o the_o sub-vassal_n yet_o the_o confirmation_n of_o other_o superior_n of_o sub-vassal_n
right_n do_v take_v off_o from_o he_o the_o ward_n if_o the_o right_n be_v feu_n only_o general_o without_o mention_n of_o the_o ward_n see_v the_o act_n 1606._o do_v only_o annul_v feve_v set_v by_o vassal_n hold_v ward_n of_o subject_n without_o their_o superior_n consent_n which_o be_v so_o find_v albeit_o the_o feu_n be_v under_o reversion_n that_o it_o be_v free_a of_o the_o ward_n and_o marriage_n of_o the_o vassal_n as_o to_o the_o subvassal_n fever_n but_o do_v only_o affect_v the_o vassal_n interest_n viz._n the_o feu_fw-fr duty_n reversion_n and_o back-tack_n july_n 2._o 1672._o earl_n of_o eglintoun_n contra_fw-la the_o laird_n greenock_n ward_n be_v also_o restrain_v by_o the_o terce_n and_o liferent_a of_o husband_n by_o the_o courtesy_n of_o scotland_n both_o which_o be_v introduce_v by_o law_n and_o be_v valid_a without_o the_o superior_n consent_n but_o rental_n and_o tack_n set_v by_o the_o vassal_n have_v only_o this_o effect_n against_o the_o superior_a or_o his_o donatar_n that_o the_o tenant_n or_o labourer_n shall_v not_o be_v remove_v till_o the_o next_o whitsonday_n after_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o ward_n pay_v the_o old_a accustom_a duty_n par._n 1491._o cap._n 26._o but_o then_o the_o superior_a or_o his_o donatar_n may_v remove_v they_o notwithstanding_o their_o tack_n be_v unexpired_a which_o therefore_o sleep_n during_o the_o ward_n but_o revive_v against_o the_o setter_n and_o his_o heir_n and_o endure_v as_o many_o year_n after_o the_o ward_n as_o they_o be_v exclude_v by_o the_o ward_n sinclar_n may_v 21._o 1549._o laird_n of_o durie_n contra_fw-la robert_n stevart_n ledingtoun_n december_n 16._o 1569._o king_n donatar_n contra_fw-la tenant_n of_o drorgan_n july_n 4._o 1611._o laird_n of_o couter_n contra_fw-la where_o also_o the_o terce_n be_v find_v relevant_a to_o exclude_v the_o superior_a yet_o ward_n be_v not_o exclude_v by_o annualrent_n hold_v of_o the_o vassal_n march_v 11._o 1629._o james_n weyms_n contra_fw-la kincraig_n but_o now_o since_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1606._o prohibit_v feve_n without_o consent_n of_o the_o superior_a these_o do_v not_o exclude_v the_o ward_n or_o other_o casualty_n of_o the_o superiority_n as_o to_o fee_n not_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n which_o be_v even_o extend_v to_o the_o fee_n hold_v of_o the_o prince_n hope_n ward_n lady_n cathcart_n contra_fw-la vassal_n of_o cathcart_n and_o after_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1633._o extend_v the_o foresay_a act_n to_o ward-land_n hold_v of_o the_o king_n and_o prince_n feve_v then_o grant_v till_o the_o year_n 1641._o when_o the_o effect_n of_o that_o act_n be_v before_o suspend_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1640._o be_v take_v away_o and_o so_o feve_v of_o land_n hold_v of_o the_o king_n or_o prince_n be_v valid_a till_o the_o rescissory_a act_n 1661._o whereby_o the_o say_a parliament_n 1641._o be_v rescind_v par._n 1661._o cap._n 15._o so_o that_o now_o feve_v of_o land_n hold_v of_o the_o king_n prince_z or_o any_o other_o superior_a without_o their_o consent_n do_v not_o exclude_v it_o or_o other_o casualty_n of_o the_o superiority_n except_o such_o feve_v as_o be_v grant_v the_o several_a time_n they_o be_v allow_v by_o law_n but_o a_o charter_n upon_o a_o apprize_n do_v exclude_v the_o ward_n though_o no_o infeftment_n be_v take_v thereupon_o during_o the_o vassal_n life_n as_o hope_n observe_v title_n ward_n hamiltoun_n contra_fw-la tenant_n of_o newburgh_n because_o the_o superior_n charter_n without_o seasine_n do_v import_v a_o gift_n of_o the_o casualty_n which_o may_v befall_v to_o the_o superior_a and_o he_o there_o observe_v that_o a_o ward_n be_v exclude_v by_o apprize_a and_o infeftment_n thereupon_o whereby_o the_o defunct_a be_v denude_v albeit_o it_o be_v to_o the_o behoof_n of_o his_o heir_n laird_n of_o ley_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o barro_n during_o the_o legal_a the_o superior_a or_o donatar_a as_o before_o the_o infeftment_n upon_o the_o appryse_v they_o may_v pay_v the_o appryzer_n and_o take_v his_o right_n so_o after_o they_o may_v redeem_v he_o and_o exclude_v he_o it_o be_v against_o reason_n that_o by_o apprize_a suppose_v of_o a_o great_a tenement_n for_o a_o small_a debt_n the_o superior_a shall_v be_v simple_o exclude_v and_o it_o may_v be_v upon_o design_n if_o a_o appryzer_n possess_v his_o ward_n fall_v and_o not_o the_o former_a vassal_n though_o the_o legal_a be_v not_o expire_v but_o after_o the_o ward_n be_v fall_v though_o the_o superior_a receive_v a_o appryzer_n apprize_a from_o the_o heir_n without_o protestation_n yet_o it_o be_v find_v not_o to_o prejudge_v the_o ward_n by_o the_o death_n of_o the_o former_a vassal_n july_n 9_o 1664._o hospital_n of_o glasgow_n contra_fw-la robert_n campbel_n but_o a_o superior_a be_v not_o exclude_v from_o the_o ward_n by_o his_o vassalt_n death_n because_o a_o appryzer_n have_v charge_v he_o to_o enter_v he_o during_o that_o vassal_n life_n see_v that_o charge_n can_v not_o make_v the_o apprizer_n vassal_n by_o who_o death_n ward_n will_v fall_v and_o thereby_o make_v the_o superior_a lose_v this_o casuality_n by_o the_o death_n of_o both_o the_o old_a vassal_n and_o the_o appryzer_n unless_o the_o superior_a have_v be_v in_o mora_fw-la aut_fw-la culpa_fw-la which_o be_v not_o find_v unless_o a_o year_n rend_v of_o the_o land_n or_o annualrent_a of_o the_o money_n and_o a_o charter_n be_v offer_v with_o a_o bond_n to_o pay_v what_o further_o the_o lord_n shall_v modify_v february_n 19_o 1669._o black_a contra_fw-la david_n trinch_n if_o a_o apprize_a be_v satisfy_v or_o extinct_a by_o intromission_n the_o ward-land_n apprise_v become_v in_o the_o superior_n hand_n by_o ward_n till_o the_o majority_n of_o the_o heir_n july_n 20._o 1671._o lindsay_n of_o mount_n contra_fw-la maxwel_n of_o kirkonel_n in_o which_o case_n the_o appryzer_n be_v not_o find_v oblige_v to_o restrict_n to_o his_o annualrent_n to_o the_o effect_n that_o the_o donatar_n of_o ward_n may_v have_v the_o superplus_n by_o the_o act_n of_o parl_n 1661._o cap._n 62._o betwixt_o debtor_n and_o creditor_n whereby_o there_o be_v a_o power_n give_v to_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n to_o cause_n appryzers_n restrict_n to_o their_o annualrent_n which_o be_v only_o personal_a in_o favour_n of_o the_o debtor_n if_o he_o demand_v it_o the_o benefit_n of_o ward_n be_v also_o burden_a with_o the_o mentainance_n and_o sustentation_n of_o the_o heir_n by_o virtue_n of_o the_o foresay_a act_n 1491._o cap._n 25_o whereby_o a_o reasonable_a sustentation_n according_a to_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o heritage_n be_v appoint_v to_o the_o heir_n if_o he_o have_v not_o land_n blensh_fw-mi or_o feu_fw-fr to_o sustain_v he_o and_o that_o by_o the_o superior_a and_o his_o donatar_n and_o conjunctfiar_n and_o liferenter_n of_o his_o estate_n the_o quantity_n whereof_o be_v to_o be_v modify_v by_o the_o lord_n according_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o heir_n and_o so_o find_v not_o only_a when_o the_o heir_n have_v no_o mean_n but_o though_o he_o have_v if_o it_o be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o entertain_v he_o the_o superplus_n be_v modify_v out_o of_o the_o ward-land_n and_o land_n liferent_v proportionable_o march_v 16._o 1622._o heir_n of_o miltoun_n contra_fw-la calderwood_n we_o shall_v say_v no_o more_o of_o the_o aliment_n of_o heir_n by_o ward_n superior_n or_o their_o donatar_n in_o this_o place_n but_o you_o may_v see_v it_o in_o its_o proper_a place_n title_n 27._o section_n three_o thus_o it_o appear_v in_o what_o way_n the_o casuality_n of_o ward_n be_v exclude_v burden_v or_o restrict_v be_v always_o by_o law_n or_o by_o the_o consent_n and_o deed_n of_o the_o superior_a but_o no_o private_a deed_n of_o the_o vassal_n without_o the_o superior_n consent_n or_o appointment_n of_o law_n can_v burden_v the_o fee_n when_o it_o be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o superior_a by_o ward_n etc._n etc._n so_o that_o servitude_n introduce_v by_o the_o vassal_n as_o thirlage_n way_n and_o the_o like_a be_v not_o effectual_a against_o the_o superior_a or_o his_o donatar_n when_o the_o fee_n be_v in_o their_o hand_n unless_o such_o servitude_n be_v introduce_v by_o prescription_n of_o forty_o year_n or_o immemorial_n possession_n whereunto_o all_o party_n have_v interest_n their_o consent_n be_v presume_v and_o therefore_o in_o that_o case_n there_o be_v more_o ground_n for_o sustain_v of_o the_o servitude_n even_o against_o the_o superior_a who_o may_v at_o least_o have_v use_v civil_a interruption_n march_n set_v by_o the_o vassal_n of_o consent_n or_o by_o cognition_n whereto_o the_o superior_a be_v not_o call_v have_v no_o effect_n in_o his_o prejudice_n during_o the_o ward_n feb._n 8._o 1662._o lord_n torphichen_n contra_fw-la as_o to_z the_o personal_a debt_n of_o the_o vassal_n whether_o heritable_a or_o movable_a they_o do_v not_o affect_v the_o fee_n though_o in_o ward_n albeit_o craig_n dieges_n 20._o relate_v that_o of_o
hereafter_o teind_n also_o must_v come_v in_o as_o servitude_n though_o they_o be_v account_v a_o distinct_a right_n 1._o the_o roman_a law_n divide_v personal_a servitude_n into_o usufruct_v use_v and_o habitation_n usufruct_v be_v the_o power_n of_o disposal_n of_o the_o use_n and_o fruit_n save_v the_o substance_n of_o the_o thing_n which_o if_o it_o be_v restrain_v to_o these_o person_n and_o their_o proper_a use_n without_o make_v profit_n or_o dispone_v to_o other_o it_o be_v call_v the_o use_n and_o because_o of_o some_o special_a consideration_n in_o the_o law_n of_o that_o use_n of_o house_n habitation_n be_v a_o distinct_a servitude_n from_o other_o use_n 2._o all_o servitude_n with_o we_o come_v under_o some_o of_o the_o kind_n before_o name_v personal_a servitude_n be_v either_o constitute_v by_o the_o deed_n of_o man_n or_o by_o the_o law_n which_o provide_v a_o competent_a portion_n to_o either_o of_o the_o survive_a spouse_n out_o of_o the_o land_n and_o tenement_n of_o the_o other_o during_o the_o surviver_n life_n as_o if_o the_o wife_n survive_v she_o have_v the_o three_o of_o her_o husband_n tenement_n and_o if_o the_o husband_n survive_v he_o have_v the_o liferent_a of_o the_o wife_n whole_a tenement_n and_o that_o provisione_n legis_fw-la alone_a but_o other_o liferent_n constitute_v for_o survive_a spouse_n or_o otherways_o be_v provisione_n hominis_fw-la so_o may_v the_o terce_n or_o liferent_a by_o courtesy_n be_v provide_v and_o some_o thing_n alter_v from_o the_o course_n of_o law_n but_o often_o liferent_n be_v constitute_v by_o conjunctfee_n and_o most_o ordinary_o otherways_o which_o therefore_o retain_v the_o common_a name_n of_o liferent_n appropriate_v thereto_o and_o distinct_a from_o conjunctfee_n 3._o liferent_n be_v sometime_o provide_v particular_o and_o sometime_o general_o for_o the_o whole_a or_o such_o a_o share_n of_o the_o conquest_n during_o the_o marriage_n which_o though_o not_o fulfil_v by_o the_o husband_n in_o his_o life_n be_v effectual_a against_o his_o heir_n and_o be_v not_o account_v a_o fraudulent_a provision_n though_o it_o be_v the_o whole_a conquest_n even_o among_o merchant_n yea_o it_o be_v find_v effectual_a for_o recover_v the_o rent_n of_o the_o conquest_n land_n without_o infeftment_n against_o the_o husband_n heir_n in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o relict_n of_o johnstoun_n merchant_n in_o glasgow_n and_o where_o a_o husband_n purchase_v land_n in_o favour_n of_o his_o elder_a son_n be_v then_o a_o infant_n and_o not_o to_o himself_o yet_o his_o relict_n be_v find_v to_o have_v right_o to_o her_o liferent_a thereof_o as_o be_v a_o fraudulent_a deed_n in_o prejudice_n of_o the_o obligement_n of_o conquest_n july_n 3._o 1627._o countess_z of_o dumfermling_n contra_fw-la the_o earl_n of_o dumfermling_n her_o son_n but_o these_o provision_n of_o conquest_n do_v not_o hinder_v the_o husband_n acquirer_n to_o denude_v himself_o wlthout_n fraud_n for_o any_o onerous_a or_o just_a cause_n as_o sell_v for_o a_o price_n or_o dispone_v to_o child_n whether_o it_o be_v the_o appearand_a heir_n by_o ordinary_a term_n of_o contract_n of_o marriage_n to_o young_a child_n or_o to_o wife_n of_o subsequent_a marriage_n june_n 16._o 1676._o katharin_n mitchel_n contra_fw-la the_o child_n of_o thomas_n litlejohn_n and_o such_o a_o clause_n be_v of_o all_o sum_n acquire_v during_o a_o second_o marriage_n be_v find_v to_o annul_v a_o universal_a legacy_n to_o the_o elder_a son_n of_o the_o first_o marriage_n but_o not_o to_o annul_v competent_a provision_n to_o the_o bairn_n of_o the_o first_o marriage_n june_n 19_o 1677._o murrays_n contra_fw-la murrays_n the_o like_a january_n 3._o 1679._o mr._n alexander_n gibson_n contra_fw-la elizabeth_n thomson_n yea_o a_o clause_n provide_v the_o present_a stock_n and_o all_o the_o conquest_n to_o the_o bairn_n of_o the_o marriage_n whilk_n fail_v the_o one_o half_a to_o the_o man_n heir_n the_o other_o to_o the_o wife_n heir_n be_v find_v to_o make_v the_o man_n fire_n and_o not_o to_o hinder_v he_o to_o provide_v his_o whole_a mean_n which_o be_v very_o great_a to_o his_o bairn_n of_o a_o subsequent_a marriage_n there_o be_v no_o bairn_n survive_v of_o the_o former_a marriage_n december_n 1._o and_o 21._o 1680._o alexander_n anderson_n contra_fw-la andrew_n bruce_n but_o as_o to_o such_o clause_n conquest_n be_v only_o understand_v where_o the_o husband_n acquire_v more_o than_o he_o have_v the_o time_n of_o the_o clause_n but_o not_o when_o he_o sell_v some_o land_n and_o acquire_v other_o of_o no_o great_a value_n june_n 27._o 1676._o earl_n of_o dumfermling_n contra_fw-la earl_n of_o callender_n yea_o a_o clause_n of_o conquest_n in_o a_o wife_n contract_n of_o marriage_n who_o be_v otherways_o sufficient_o provide_v be_v find_v to_o be_v with_o the_o burden_n of_o the_o annualrent_a of_o a_o sum_n which_o the_o husband_n declare_v under_o his_o hand_n to_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o price_n of_o the_o land_n acquire_v remain_v due_a to_o the_o seller_n decem._n 20._o 1665._o lady_n kilbocho_fw-es contra_fw-la laird_n of_o kilbocho_fw-es 4._o this_o be_v common_a to_o all_o kind_n of_o liferent_n and_o involve_v in_o the_o nature_n thereof_o that_o they_o must_v be_v salva_fw-la rei_fw-la substantia_fw-la which_o by_o statute_n be_v especial_o extend_v to_o conjunctfiar_n and_o liferenter_n that_o they_o must_v be_v countable_a and_o find_v surety_n not_o to_o waste_v or_o destroy_v the_o biggings_n orchard_n wood_n stank_n park_n meadow_n or_o dovecoat_n but_o that_o they_o hold_v they_o in_o such_o like_a kind_n as_o they_o receive_v they_o par._n 1491._o cap._n 25._o which_o be_v confirm_v and_o declare_v to_o proceed_v upon_o twenty_o one_o day_n by_o sheriff_n baily_n of_o burgh_n or_o regality_n under_o pain_n of_o confiscation_n of_o the_o liferent-right_a to_o the_o king_n use_n parliament_n 1535._o cap._n 14._o and_o though_o the_o narrative_a of_o the_o statute_n express_v conjunctfiar_n and_o liferenter_n give_v caution_n as_o be_v most_o ordinary_a by_o provision_n of_o man_n yet_o the_o statutory_a part_n be_v general_a at_o least_o may_v be_v extend_v to_o terce_n and_o liferent_n by_o the_o courtesy_n so_o a_o liferenter_fw-la be_v charge_v summary_o to_o uphold_v the_o 〈◊〉_d liferent_v and_o to_o leave_v it_o in_o as_o good_a case_n as_o she_o find_v it_o without_o precognition_n how_o it_o be_v the_o time_n of_o her_o entry_n march_v 28._o 1626._o george_n foulis_n contra_fw-la isobel_n allan_n by_o act_n of_o parl._n 1594._o cap._n 226._o anent_o ruinous_a tenement_n within_o burgh_n which_o be_v cognosce_v by_o a_o in_o quest_n to_o be_v ruinous_a as_o become_v or_o which_o may_v become_v within_o a_o short_a time_n uninhabitable_a the_o same_o must_v be_v repair_v by_o the_o liferenter_fw-la or_o the_o fire_n may_v enter_v in_o possession_n find_v caution_n within_o the_o burgh_n to_o pay_v the_o liferenter_fw-la the_o mail_n thereof_o as_o the_o examine_v give_v or_o may_v give_v the_o time_n of_o the_o precognition_n but_o this_o act_n be_v not_o find_v to_o derogat_n from_o the_o former_a act_n nor_o that_o precognition_n be_v requisite_a before_o find_v caution_n except_o in_o tenement_n within_o burgh_n decay_v before_o the_o liferenters_n entry_n as_o be_v find_v in_o the_o foresay_a case_n george_n foulis_n contra_fw-la isobel_n allan_n neither_o be_v the_o liferenter_fw-la free_v from_o caution_n upon_o her_o offer_n to_o quit_v the_o possession_n to_o the_o heretor_fw-la for_o pay_v of_o the_o rent_n the_o tenement_n not_o be_v ruinous_a at_o her_o entry_n 5._o it_o be_v also_o common_a to_o liferent_n and_o conjunctfee_n that_o the_o liferent-right_a be_v liable_a with_o the_o superior_a of_o ward-land_n or_o his_o donatar_n for_o a_o aliment_n to_o the_o heir_n to_o be_v modify_v by_o the_o lord_n proportional_o according_a to_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o land_n in_o ward_n and_o liferent_a by_o the_o say_a statute_n 1491._o cap._n 23._o vide_fw-la tit._n heir_n §_o 3._o 6._o liferent_n be_v either_o constitute_v by_o way_n of_o reservation_n in_o infeftment_n of_o property_n or_o otherways_o by_o a_o several_a infeftment_n but_o it_o can_v become_v a_o real_a right_n and_o be_v effectual_a against_o singular_a successor_n without_o infeftment_n though_o most_o servitude_n may_v be_v constitute_v by_o disposition_n and_o possession_n 7._o yea_o though_o liferent_n be_v constitute_v by_o infeftment_n may_v be_v convey_v by_o assignation_n because_o there_o can_v be_v no_o subaltern_n or_o renew_a infeftment_n of_o a_o liferent_a which_o be_v only_o personal_a to_o the_o liferenter_fw-la and_o the_o right_o be_v incommunicable_a yet_o the_o fruit_n and_o profit_n arise_v thence_o be_v communicable_a and_o assignable_a 8._o it_o be_v also_o common_a to_o liferent_n that_o nothing_o do_v after_o their_o infeftment_n by_o the_o constituent_a or_o his_o singular_a successor_n can_v prejudge_v the_o liferenter_fw-la and_o so_o a_o appryzer_n from_o the_o husband_n be_v
out_o a_o terce_n of_o wodset_a land_n wherein_o the_o husband_n die_v infeft_v be_v not_o find_v ely_v because_o the_o husband_n require_v or_o charge_v for_o the_o money_n not_o be_v denude_v before_o his_o death_n feb._n 16._o 1642._o veich_n contra_fw-la veich_n of_o dawick_n but_o the_o wife_n three_o continue_v as_o to_o the_o three_o of_o the_o annualrent_a of_o the_o money_n in_o lieu_n of_o the_o land_n redeem_a by_o the_o heir_n after_o his_o predecessor_n death_n terce_n be_v not_o exclude_v by_o ward_n non_fw-fr entry_n or_o liferent-escheat_n of_o the_o husband_n as_o have_v be_v more_o full_o show_v before_o title_n superiority_n 18._o terce_n be_v burden_v proportianal_o by_o all_o debita_fw-la fundi_fw-la affect_v the_o whole_a tenement_n as_o annualrent_n thirlage_n pasturage_n but_o with_o no_o other_o debt_n of_o the_o defunct_a be_v personal_a though_o they_o be_v heritable_a and_o have_v provision_n of_o infeftment_n 19_o liferent_a by_o the_o courtesy_n or_o curiliaty_n of_o scotland_n be_v the_o liferent_a competent_a to_o the_o husband_n of_o the_o wife_n land_n and_o hereditament_n it_o be_v introduce_v by_o our_o common_a law_n which_o be_v our_o most_o ancient_a custom_n wheroef_n no_o beginning_n be_v know_v in_o the_o same_o way_n as_o the_o terce_n of_o the_o survive_a wife_n whereby_o without_o any_o paction_n or_o provision_n 〈◊〉_d enjoy_v the_o three_o of_o her_o decease_a husband_n heritable_a right_n wherein_o he_o 〈◊〉_d invest_v as_o of_o fee_n during_o her_o life_n so_o the_o husband_n liferent_n the_o whole_a land_n and_o hereditament_n of_o the_o wife_n wherein_o she_o die_v infeft_v in_o fee_n and_o that_o without_o any_o service_n or_o ken_n as_o in_o terce_n but_o summary_o by_o virtue_n of_o his_o have_v be_v husband_n to_o the_o defunct_a neither_o be_v there_o any_o difference_n whether_o the_o defunct_a wife_n have_v a_o prior_n husband_n or_o not_o or_o whether_o her_o hereditament_n be_v ward_n blensh_fw-mi feu_fw-fr or_o burgage_n the_o original_n of_o this_o liferent_a by_o the_o courtesy_n as_o craig_n observe_v lib._n 2._o diege_n 22._o be_v from_o the_o rescript_n of_o the_o emperor_n constantine_n whereby_o the_o father_n have_v the_o usufruct_v of_o the_o heretage_n of_o his_o child_n befalling_a to_o they_o as_o heir_n to_o their_o mother_n and_o therefore_o the_o courtesy_n take_v no_o place_n but_o where_o there_o be_v child_n of_o the_o marriage_n one_o or_o more_o which_o attain_v that_o maturity_n as_o to_o be_v hear_v cry_n or_o weep_v for_o then_o the_o law_n regard_v not_o how_o long_o the_o child_n live_v or_o whether_o they_o do_v survive_v their_o mother_n but_o hoc_fw-la ipso_fw-la that_o they_o be_v bear_v at_o maturity_n they_o be_v heir_n appearand_a of_o the_o fee_n and_o the_o liferent_a be_v establish_v in_o their_o father_n in_o this_o the_o courtesy_n of_o husband_n differ_v from_o the_o terce_n of_o wife_n for_o the_o wife_n have_v her_o terce_n if_o either_o the_o marriage_n continue_v undissolved_a year_n and_o day_n or_o though_o it_o continue_v not_o so_o long_o if_o a_o child_n be_v bear_v of_o the_o marriage_n hear_v cry_v and_o weep_v though_o the_o child_n have_v be_v beget_v before_o the_o marriage_n yea_o though_o it_o have_v be_v bear_v before_o the_o marriage_n be_v legitimat_fw-la by_o the_o subsequent_a marriage_n how_o short_a soever_o it_o endure_v the_o wife_n shall_v have_v her_o terce_n but_o the_o courtesy_n take_v no_o place_n unless_o a_o ripe_a child_n beborn_a though_o the_o marriage_n shall_v continue_v for_o many_o year_n so_o that_o the_o be_v of_o child_n procreate_v and_o bear_v to_o maturity_n be_v the_o chief_a motive_n introductory_n of_o this_o law_n skeen_n in_o his_o title_n de_fw-fr verborum_fw-la significatione_n upon_o the_o word_n curialitas_fw-la limit_v the_o courtesy_n to_o the_o land_n or_o hereditament_n into_o which_o wife_n succeed_v as_o heir_n to_o their_o predecessor_n whether_o before_o or_o during_o the_o marriage_n which_o craig_n in_o the_o foresay_a place_n do_v likewise_o follow_v and_o do_v exclude_v the_o husband_n from_o the_o liferent_a of_o the_o wife_n land_n to_o which_o the_o wife_n have_v right_a by_o any_o contract_n as_o titulo_fw-la emptionis_fw-la which_o will_v not_o exclude_v the_o husband_n where_o the_o wife_n predecessor_n infeft_n she_o per_fw-la praeceptionem_fw-la haereditatis_fw-la if_o a_o father_n shall_v infeft_v his_o daughter_n reserve_v his_o own_o liferent_a with_o power_n ro_o dispose_v she_o be_v not_o thereby_o heir_n active_a nor_o be_v that_o estate_n account_v heretage_n but_o conquest_n yet_o she_o be_v heir_n passive_a and_o there_o be_v more_o reason_n that_o the_o husband_n shall_v enjoy_v his_o liferent_a of_o that_o estate_n then_o if_o his_o wife_n have_v be_v therein_o heir_n of_o provision_n or_o tailzie_n whereby_o fail_v she_o and_o her_o issue_n another_o branch_n not_o near_o of_o blood_n to_o she_o may_v ready_o succeed_v so_o that_o if_o her_o child_n be_v dead_a before_o herself_o her_o heir_n of_o tailzie_n will_v have_v much_o more_o reason_n to_o question_v her_o husband_n liferent_a by_o the_o courtesy_n than_o his_o own_o child_n as_o heir_n of_o line_n will_v have_v to_o contravert_v his_o liferent_a of_o the_o estate_n wherein_o she_o be_v infeft_v by_o her_o father_n or_o any_o of_o her_o predecessor_n to_o which_o she_o be_v appearand_a heir_n but_o there_o have_v be_v few_o debate_n or_o decision_n or_o limitation_n thereof_o which_o will_v clear_v this_o and_o other_o point_v thereanent_a the_o law_n have_v well_o fix_v the_o maturity_n of_o the_o child_n by_o their_o cry_n or_o weep_v and_o have_v not_o leave_v it_o to_o the_o conjecture_n of_o witness_n whether_o the_o child_n be_v ripe_a or_o not_o both_z as_o to_o the_o courtesy_n terce_n and_o dissolution_n of_o the_o marriage_n within_o the_o year_n in_o all_o which_o case_n the_o law_n allow_v woman_n witness_n as_o be_v necessary_a in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o death_n of_o the_o child_n at_o the_o time_n of_o their_o birth_n liferenter_n be_v find_v free_a of_o the_o reparation_n of_o minister_n manse_v by_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1662._o cap._n ordain_v heretor_n to_o build_v or_o repair_v manse_v to_o the_o value_n of_o 1000_o pound_n whereof_o no_o share_n of_o relief_n be_v find_v due_a by_o the_o liferenter_n they_o not_o be_v express_v november_n 14._o 1679._o minister_n of_o contra_fw-la laird_n and_o lady_n beanstoun_n yet_o if_o the_o whole_a estate_n be_v liferent_v by_o conjunctfee_n the_o conjunctfiar_n may_v be_v liable_a as_o fire_n in_o that_o case_n when_o the_o heretor_fw-la have_v no_o profit_n of_o the_o land_n and_o if_o the_o whole_a be_v affect_v with_o a_o separate_a liferent_a the_o effect_n will_v be_v the_o same_o see_v what_o the_o heretor_fw-la will_v be_v liable_a to_o will_v diminish_v his_o aliment_n which_o behove_v to_o be_v make_v up_o by_o the_o liferenter_fw-la liferent_a by_o the_o courtesy_n have_v the_o same_o extension_n and_o limitation_n sa_o terce_n it_o affect_v all_o the_o wife_n land_n not_o acquire_v by_o a_o singular_a title_n it_o be_v not_o exclude_v by_o the_o ward_n but_o it_o be_v exclude_v during_o the_o nonentry_n or_o by_o liferent-escheat_n and_o also_o by_o the_o ward_n of_o the_o superior_a or_o the_o forefaulture_n or_o recognition_n either_o of_o the_o superior_a or_o wife_n it_o be_v burden_v with_o all_o real_a burden_n by_o infeftment_n or_o tack_v and_o with_o the_o aliment_n of_o the_o wife_n heir_n if_o he_o have_v not_o aliunde_fw-la it_o be_v also_o exclude_v by_o the_o dissolution_n of_o the_o marriage_n within_o year_n and_o day_n by_o divorce_n or_o by_o the_o husband_n desertion_n of_o the_o wife_n though_o divorce_n follow_v not_o or_o by_o his_o adultery_n or_o other_o atrocious_a crime_n 20._o among_o personal_a servitude_n may_v be_v number_v public_a burden_n impose_v by_o the_o king_n and_o parliament_n for_o public_a use_n such_o as_o taxation_n which_o by_o the_o act_n impose_v they_o be_v declare_v real_a affect_v the_o ground_n and_o that_o thereupon_o the_o ground_n may_v be_v poind_v and_o so_o consequent_o do_v affect_v singular_a successor_n the_o extraordinary_a burden_n of_o mentainance_n and_o sess_z impose_v by_o the_o parliament_n during_o the_o trouble_n have_v not_o that_o clause_n therein_o of_o poind_v the_o ground_n and_o so_o be_v not_o find_v debita_fw-la fundi_fw-la but_o debita_fw-la fructuum_fw-la nor_o do_v they_o affect_v singular_a successor_n july_n 13._o 1664._o grahame_n of_o hiltoun_n contra_fw-la the_o heretor_n of_o clackmannan_n title_n xvii_o servitude_n real_a 1._o requisite_n to_o constitute_v real_a servitude_n by_o consent_n 2._o how_o prescription_n constitute_v servitude_n 3._o how_o far_o servitude_n be_v effectual_a against_o the_o superior_a 4._o extinction_n of_o servitude_n 5._o kind_n of_o servitude_n 6._o servitude_n of_o support_n 7_o stillicide_n 8._o sink_n
27._o the_o entry_n of_o heir_n by_o hesp_n and_o steeple_n within_o burgh_n 28._o entry_n of_o heir_n by_o brieuc_n out_o of_o the_o chancellarie_n 29._o to_o who_o these_o brieve_n be_v direct_v 30._o the_o manner_n of_o cit_v the_o inquist_n and_o proclaim_v the_o brieve_n 31._o exception_n competent_a against_o member_n of_o inquist_n 32._o the_o appearand_a heir_n claim_v 33._o exception_n against_o the_o claim_n 34._o first_o head_n of_o the_o brieve_n 35._o the_o 2._o head_n of_o the_o brieve_n 36._o 3._o head_n of_o the_o brieve_n 37._o the_o 4._o head_n 〈◊〉_d of_o brieve_n 38._o the_o 5._o head_n of_o the_o brieve_n 39_o the_o 6._o head_n of_o the_o brieve_n 40._o the_o 7._o head_n of_o the_o brieve_n 41._o the_o service_n 42._o the_o reture_n 43._o reduction_n of_o return_v by_o a_o great_a inqui_v 44._o reduction_n thereof_o otherways_o 45._o reduction_n of_o return_v how_o competent_a 46._o precept_n out_o of_o the_o chancellarie_n to_o superior_n to_o infeft_n 47._o suspension_n of_o the_o precept_n and_o the_o reason_n competent_a therein_o 48._o the_o certification_n of_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o superiority_n during_o the_o life_n of_o the_o superior_n disobey_v 49._o further_a reason_n of_o suspension_n of_o these_o precept_n 50._o whether_o the_o person_n near_o at_o the_o defunct_n decease_n may_v be_v enter_v where_o a_o near_o be_v in_o spe_fw-mi 51._o who_o be_v fiar_n of_o conjuct-fee_n or_o provision_n substitute_n 52._o the_o entreast_n of_o heir_n of_o provision_n and_o import_v of_o clause_n of_o conquy_a in_o contract_n of_o marriage_n by_o the_o former_a title_n it_o appear_v who_o be_v heir_n let_v we_o now_o consider_v what_o their_o interest_n be_v by_o be_v heir_n and_o that_o be_v either_o active_a by_o the_o benefit_n or_o passive_a by_o the_o burden_n whereunto_o they_o do_v succeed_v for_o heir_n be_v successor_n in_o universum_fw-la jus_o quod_fw-la defunctus_fw-la habuit_fw-la they_o do_v full_o represent_v the_o defunct_a both_o in_o the_o right_n belongiug_v to_o he_o and_o in_o the_o debt_n due_a by_o he_o first_o then_o of_o the_o interest_n common_a to_o all_o heir_n and_o next_o of_o the_o interest_n special_a to_o the_o several_a heir_n 1._o the_o interest_n of_o heir_n be_v most_o proper_o competent_a when_o they_o be_v enter_v heir_n according_a to_o the_o due_a course_n of_o law_n of_o which_o afterward_o yet_o something_n be_v competent_a not_o only_o to_o heir_n enter_v but_o to_o appear_v and_o heir_n as_o first_o they_o have_v interest_n to_o prusue_v exhibition_n of_o all_o writ_n make_v by_o their_o predecessor_n to_o their_o wife_n child_n and_o other_o in_o familia_fw-la but_o not_o of_o write_v make_v by_o they_o extra_fw-la familiam_fw-la december_n 6._o 1661._o margaret_z forester_n and_o schaw_n of_o sor_n nebeg_v her_o spouse_n contra_n tailzefere_o or_o to_o their_o predecessor_n simple_o to_o the_o effect_n they_o may_v know_v the_o condition_n of_o the_o heritage_n and_o may_v desiberat_v whether_o they_o will_v enter_v heir_n or_o not_o see_v if_o they_o do_v enter_v they_o be_v liable_a for_o all_o the_o defunct_n debt_n though_o they_o far_o exceed_v his_o estate_n and_o have_v no_o benefit_n of_o inventary_a as_o in_o moveable_n and_o therefore_o they_o be_v allow_v to_o pursue_v for_o inspection_n of_o all_o write_v import_v a_o debt_n of_o the_o defunct_a yet_o not_o so_o as_o to_o open_v the_o charter_n chist_n of_o stranger_n who_o have_v purchase_v land_n from_o the_o defunct_a on_o pretence_n of_o the_o burden_n by_o the_o warrandice_n for_o in_o that_o case_n the_o stranger_n infeftment_n will_v exclude_v they_o and_o only_a disposition_n make_v to_o these_o in_o the_o family_n hinder_v not_o inspection_n of_o the_o heir_n whole_a right_n flow_v from_o the_o defunct_a or_o his_o predecessor_n but_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o all_o will_v be_v oblige_v to_o produce_v band_n or_o personal_a obleigement_n which_o may_v burden_v the_o appearand_a heir_n if_o he_o enter_v as_o be_v find_v in_o the_o case_n of_o disposition_n and_o bandsgranted_a by_o the_o defunct_a to_o stranger_n feb._n 26._o 1633_o laird_n of_o swynton_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o westnisbit_n but_o if_o infeftment_n have_v follow_v upon_o the_o disposition_n the_o defender_n will_v not_o be_v oblige_v to_o produce_v the_o disposition_n because_o the_o appearand_a heir_n may_v by_o the_o register_n find_v his_o predecessor_n denude_v this_o inspection_n be_v competent_a during_o their_o annus_fw-la deliberandi_fw-la it_o be_v so_o find_v in_o favour_n of_o the_o appearand_a heir_n pursue_v exhibition_n within_o the_o year_n feb._n 26._o 1633._o laird_n of_o swinton_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o westnisbit_n where_o the_o writ_n pursue_v for_o be_v likely_a to_o be_v the_o ground_n of_o a_o plea_n against_o the_o defender_n himself_o this_o exhibition_n ad_fw-la deliberandum_fw-la be_v competent_a at_o any_o time_n before_o the_o heir_n enter_v even_o after_o the_o annus_fw-la deliberandi_fw-la which_o be_v grant_v to_o appearand_a heir_n that_o they_o may_v be_v free_a of_o all_o action_n on_o chargesto_n enter_v heir_n reduction_n or_o declarator_n during_o that_o time_n if_o they_o do_v not_o enter_v or_o behave_v as_o heir_n but_o on_o this_o account_n the_o appearand_a heir_n have_v no_o interest_n to_o put_v party_n to_o compt_n and_o reckon_v ad_fw-la deliberandum_fw-la june_n 22._o 1671._o lessy_n contra_fw-la alexander_n jeffray_n in_o these_o exhibition_n the_o relation_n or_o propinquity_n of_o blood_n of_o the_o appearand_a heir_n pass_v without_o probation_n as_o notorium_fw-la so_o as_o if_o the_o defender_n be_v absent_a the_o decrcet_n will_v not_o be_v null_a for_o want_v of_o probation_n of_o the_o title_n yet_o a_o scot_n man_n bear_v of_o parent_n reside_v in_o holland_n be_v find_v to_o have_v no_o interest_n to_o pursue_v exhibition_n as_o appearand_a heir_n to_o his_o father_n till_o he_o produce_v a_o authentic_a declaration_n and_o trial_n by_o the_o magistrant_n in_o that_o place_n that_o he_o be_v the_o elder_a lawful_a son_n of_o his_o father_n december_n 17._o 1627._o fleming_n contra_fw-la broun_n 2._o appearand_a heir_n may_v defend_v all_o right_n competent_a to_o they_o upon_o production_n of_o their_o predecessor_n infeftment_n whether_o they_o be_v call_v or_o compear_v for_o their_o interest_n january_n 19_o 1627._o laird_n of_o rosline_n contra_fw-la his_o tenant_n and_o george_n fairbairn_n for_o his_o interest_n they_o may_v also_o continue_v their_o predecessor_n possession_n and_o pursue_v for_o mail_n and_o duty_n of_o there_o land_n find_v caution_n in_o case_n of_o doubtfulness_n to_o make_v these_o forthcoming_a to_o any_o other_o have_v interest_n spot_n heir_n james_n oliphant_n contra_fw-la his_o tenant_n yea_o the_o rent_n of_o land_n be_v so_o far_o find_v to_o belong_v to_o a_o appearand_a heir_n that_o though_o he_o die_v un-entered_n the_o next_o heir_n not_o enter_v to_o he_o be_v find_v obleige_v to_o pay_v the_o former_a appearand_a heir_n aliment_n in_o so_o far_o as_o he_o intromit_v with_o the_o rent_n of_o the_o year_n during_o which_o the_o former_a appearand_a heir_n live_v december_n 20._o 1662._o lady_n tarsapie_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o trasapie_n and_o consequent_o the_o rent_n may_v be_v confirm_v by_o his_o executor_n or_o arrest_v for_o his_o debt_n the_o like_a be_v find_v of_o movable_a heirship_n wherewith_o the_o appearand_a heir_n be_v entertain_v by_o his_o mother_n june_n 29._o 1629._o robertson_n contra_fw-la dalntahoy_n they_o may_v also_o pursue_v the_o liferenters_a of_o their_o estate_n for_o aliment_n feb._n 12._o 1635._o james_n hepburn_n contra_fw-la damn_v margaret_n preston_n and_o isobel_n seatoun_n 3._o the_o aliment_n of_o heir_n out_o of_o there_o land_n be_v liferented_n or_o in_o ward_n be_v constitute_v by_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1491._o cap._n 25._o bear_v a_o reasonable_a live_n to_o be_v give_v to_o the_o sustentation_n of_o the_o heir_n after_o the_o quantity_n of_o heritage_n if_o the_o say_a heir_n have_v no_o blensh_n or_o feu_fw-fr ferm_n to_o sustain_v he_o as_o well_o of_o ward_n land_n fall_v in_o the_o king_n hand_n as_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o any_o baron_n spiritual_n or_o temporal_a whereby_o it_o be_v clear_a 1._o that_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o aliment_n be_v indeterminat_fw-la and_o therefore_o be_v modify_v by_o the_o lord_n according_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o heir_n and_o his_o estate_n 2._o it_o take_v no_o place_n if_o the_o heir_n have_v blensh_o or_o feu_fw-fr land_n sufficient_a to_o sustain_v he_o but_o if_o these_o be_v not_o sufficient_a the_o same_o will_v be_v make_v up_o by_o the_o liferenters_a and_o wardatar_n proportional_o march_v 16._o 1622._o heir_n of_o milioun_n contra_fw-la calderwood_n yea_o where_o the_o minor_n have_v any_o other_o mean_n sufficient_a to_o entertain_v himself_o as_o the_o heir_n be_v a_o writer_n and_o thereby_o able_a to_o aliment_n himself_o he_o
heir_n of_o conquest_n and_o the_o other_o retain_v the_o common_a name_n of_o the_o heir_n of_o line_n conquest_n be_v feudum_fw-la novum_fw-la whereunto_o the_o defunct_a do_v not_o succeed_v as_o heir_n to_o any_o person_n or_o whereunto_o the_o defunct_a can_v not_o succeed_v as_o heir_n for_o if_o that_o be_v dispone_v to_o he_o by_o the_o defunct_a whereunto_o he_o will_v have_v succeed_v it_o be_v but_o preceptio_fw-la haereditatis_fw-la and_o so_o remain_v to_o be_v repute_n as_o heritage_n to_o descend_v to_o the_o young_a and_o not_o to_o ascend_v to_o the_o elder_a as_o craig_n observe_v lib._n 2._o dieg_n 15._o such_o heritage_n be_v rare_a and_o befall_v only_o by_o tailzie_n or_o provision_n among_o middle_a brethren_n because_o the_o elder_a by_o primogeniture_n exclude_v the_o rest_n from_o be_v heir_n of_o line_n but_o it_o may_v befall_v in_o case_n of_o the_o heir_n of_o line_n when_o the_o near_a successor_n be_v the_o father_n or_o grandfather_n brother_n or_o their_o issue_n there_o be_v elder_a and_o young_a brother_n but_o conquest_n be_v frequent_a because_o not_o only_o that_o which_o be_v acquire_v proper_o by_o the_o mean_n and_o industry_n of_o the_o defunct_a but_o that_o which_o be_v by_o gift_n of_o the_o defunct_n parent_n or_o any_o other_o or_o whatsoever_o the_o defunct_a can_v not_o succeed_v to_o be_v conquest_n yet_o if_o the_o heir_n of_o conquest_n succeed_v that_o which_o be_v conquest_n become_v heritage_n and_o descend_v as_o if_o there_o be_v four_o brother_n and_o the_o three_o acquire_v land_n die_v without_o issue_n the_o second_o will_v be_v his_o heir_n therein_o who_o if_o he_o die_v also_o infeft_v the_o land_n will_v fall_v downward_o to_o the_o young_a brother_n and_o not_o upward_o to_o the_o elder_a brother_n the_o custom_n of_o england_n be_v contrary_a for_o thereby_o the_o elder_a brother_n succee_v to_o all_o his_o brother_n faill_v the_o issue_n but_o with_o we_o the_o immediate_a elder_n or_o young_a do_v always_o succeed_v though_o of_o different_a marriage_n none_o of_o they_o be_v brothersgerman_n and_o therefore_o in_o the_o case_n propose_v by_o craig_n lib._n 2._o 〈◊〉_d 15._o in_o fine_a of_o a_o brother_n by_o a_o second_o marriage_n die_v without_o issue_n and_o have_v three_o brother_n of_o a_o former_a marriage_n no_o doubt_n the_o young_a will_v succeed_v according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o oliphant_n and_o king_n there_o relate_v albeit_o that_o craig_n opinion_n be_v that_o the_o elder_a will_v succeed_v it_o be_v so_o decide_v contrary_a craig_n opinion_n july_n 20._o 1664._o laird_n of_o clerkington_n contra_fw-la stewart_n heir_n of_o conquest_n succeed_v not_o only_o to_o land_n conquest_n by_o their_o immediate_a predecessor_n but_o in_o other_o heritable_a right_n pass_v by_o infeftment_n as_o annualrent_a or_o such_o as_o be_v heritable_a by_o distination_n and_o which_o be_v accomplish_v by_o infeftment_n as_o desposition_n of_o land_n or_o annualrent_n appryzing_n or_o adjudication_n etc._n etc._n the_o like_a where_o a_o annualrent_n be_v first_o dispone_v and_o a_o clause_n of_o requisition_n and_o reversion_n subjoin_v july_n 7._o 1675._o robertson_n contra_fw-la lord_n halkertoun_n and_o in_o reversion_n hope_v de_fw-fr successionibus_fw-la heir_n of_o pitcairne_n but_o in_o this_o case_n it_o be_v not_o clear_v whether_o the_o land_n give_v in_o wodset_n be_v heritage_n or_o conquest_n but_o it_o seem_v if_o the_o land_n have_v be_v heritage_n as_o they_o be_v wodset_v the_o reversion_n will_v also_o belong_v to_o the_o heir_n of_o line_n as_o the_o land_n whereto_o it_o be_v accessary_a will_v yea_o heir_n of_o conquest_n succeed_v in_o heritable_a band_n bear_v clause_n of_o annualrent_a as_o be_v find_v among_o the_o heir_n of_o doctor_n craig_n but_o the_o heir_n of_o line_n and_o not_o the_o heir_n of_o conquest_n succeed_v in_o tack_n acquire_v by_o the_o defunct_a hope_v succession_n earl_n of_o dumbars_n heir_n june_n 23._o 1663._o ferguson_n contra_fw-la ferguson_n the_o heir_n of_o lyne_n do_v also_o succeed_v in_o pension_n or_o any_o other_o right_o not_o require_v infeftment_n as_o in_o these_o which_o have_v a_o tract_n of_o time_n after_o the_o defunct_n death_n do_v thereby_o exclude_v executor_n and_o do_v belong_v to_o the_o heir_n of_o line_n and_o not_o of_o conquest_n though_o they_o be_v acquire_v the_o heir_n of_o line_n and_o not_o the_o heir_n of_o conquest_n fall_v to_o be_v tutor_n or_o near_a agnat_n to_o the_o pupil_n to_o who_o the_o heir_n of_o line_n may_v succeed_v the_o heir_n of_o line_n have_v right_a to_o the_o heirship_n movable_a and_o not_o the_o heir_n of_o conquest_n 11._o heirs-portioners_a be_v among_o heir_n of_o line_n for_o when_o more_o woman_n or_o their_o issue_n succeed_v fail_v male_n of_o that_o degree_n it_o be_v by_o the_o course_n of_o law_n that_o they_o succeed_v and_o because_o they_o succeee_v not_o in_o solidum_fw-la but_o in_o equal_a portion_n they_o be_v call_v heirs-portioners_a and_o though_o they_o succeed_v equal_o yet_o right_n indivisible_a fall_n to_o the_o elder_a alone_a without_o any_o thing_n in_o lieu_n thereof_o to_o the_o rest_n as_o first_o dignity_n of_o lord_n earl_n etc._n etc._n 2._o the_o principal_a manse_n be_v tower_n fortalice_n etc._n etc._n which_o do_v not_o extend_v to_o house_n in_o burgh_n nor_o to_o ordinary_a country-house_n the_o former_a be_v divisible_a the_o latter_a fall_n under_o division_n as_o pertinent_o of_o the_o land_n whereupon_o they_o stand_v and_o be_v not_o as_o separata_fw-la jura_fw-la or_o distinct_a right_n 3._o superiority_n be_v account_v indivisible_a and_o befall_v only_o to_o the_o elder_a daughter_n and_o her_o issue_n and_o thereby_o all_o the_o casualty_n of_o the_o superiority_n either_o precede_a or_o follow_v the_o defunct_n death_n as_o ward_n relief_n marriage_n of_o the_o vassal_n heir_n nonentry_n liferent_a escheat_n etc._n etc._n the_o reason_n be_v because_o the_o vassal_n condition_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v worsted_n and_o make_v subject_n to_o many_o superior_n by_o such_o succession_n craig_n lib._n 2._o dieg_n 14._o except_v the_o superiority_n of_o feu_n land_n the_o feu_fw-fr duty_n whereof_o be_v divisible_a among_o all_o the_o heirs-portioners_a yet_o the_o former_a reason_n of_o the_o indivisibility_n of_o the_o superiority_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o vassal_n interest_n reach_v feu_n superiority_n as_o well_o as_o other_o and_o it_o be_v hardly_o conceivable_a how_o superiority_n shall_v belong_v to_o the_o elder_a and_o yet_o the_o feu_fw-fr duty_n divide_v to_o the_o rest_n see_v the_o superiority_n as_o be_v dominium_fw-la directum_fw-la be_v the_o only_a title_n for_o poind_v the_o ground_n or_o pursue_v the_o possessor_n or_o intrometter_n with_o the_o fruit_n thereof_o it_o seem_v for_o the_o reason_n adduce_v the_o superiority_n and_o therewith_o the_o feu_fw-fr duty_n befall_v to_o the_o elder_a yet_o so_o because_o the_o feu_fw-fr duty_n be_v constant_a and_o liquid_a and_o be_v not_o like_o the_o other_o casualty_n of_o superiority_n which_o be_v illiquid_fw-la and_o accidental_a therefore_o the_o other_o heirs-portioners_a aught_o to_o have_v compensation_n for_o their_o part_n of_o the_o feu_fw-fr duty_n in_o or_o off_o other_o proper_a land_n or_o if_o there_o be_v more_o superiority_n of_o feu_n land_n so_o that_o some_o of_o the_o superiority_n may_v befall_v one_o heir_n and_o other_o to_o other_o heir_n no_o particular_a superiority_n be_v divide_v or_o the_o vassal_n make_v vassal_n to_o many_o superior_n i_o conceive_v it_o will_v be_v allow_v or_o otherways_o the_o elder_a co-heir_n will_v be_v dicern_v to_o infeft_v the_o rest_n in_o annualrent_n out_o of_o the_o fee_n correspondent_a to_o their_o share_n of_o the_o feu_fw-fr duty_n a_o vassal_n heir_n though_o the_o defunct_a have_v take_v infeftment_n of_o more_o heirs-portioners_a be_v not_o find_v oblige_v to_o take_v infeftment_n of_o some_o of_o they_o several_o but_o either_o of_o all_o joint_o or_o the_o elder_a july_n 30._o 1678._o lady_n luss_n contra_fw-la inglis_n how_o far_o heirs-portioners_a succeed_v passive_a and_o be_v liable_a for_o the_o defunct_n debt_n shall_v forthwith_o appear_v 12._o heir_n male_a and_o of_o tailzie_n and_o provision_n succeed_v not_o by_o law_n but_o by_o the_o tenor_n of_o the_o infeftment_n or_o provision_n and_o therefore_o have_v that_o benefit_n and_o no_o more_o which_o be_v so_o provide_v to_o they_o or_o which_o be_v accessary_a thereto_o whereby_o any_o right_a or_o security_n of_o land_n or_o other_o befalling_a to_o these_o heir_n which_o be_v thereafter_o acquire_v by_o their_o predecessor_n though_o the_o same_o be_v acquire_v to_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n whatsoever_o yet_o the_o same_o will_v befall_v with_o the_o principal_a right_n to_o which_o it_o be_v accessary_a to_o the_o heir_n male_a or_o of_o tailzie_n or_o provision_n as_o if_o a_o proprietar_n infeft_v himself_o or_o his_o heir_n
proper_a debt_n whichi_v take_v off_o by_o the_o dup_o of_o purge_v the_o same_o as_o appear_v in_o the_o decision_n before_o adduce_v the_o say_a exception_n be_v also_o elide_v by_o the_o reply_n as_o behave_v as_o heir_n albeit_o the_o same_o be_v libel_v as_o a_o several_a passive_a title_n march_v 18._o 1631._o reguel_n bennet_n contra_fw-la bennet_n 25._o the_o entry_n of_o heir_n be_v either_o of_o heir_n general_a or_o heir_n special_a the_o former_a require_v only_o a_o general_a service_n which_o be_v necessary_a to_o all_o heir_n except_o heir_n in_o tack_n pension_n and_o heir_n nominatim_fw-la immediate_o substitute_n in_o band_n but_o heir_n of_o tailzie_n or_o provision_n must_v be_v serve_v that_o it_o may_v appear_v that_o the_o heir_n to_o who_o they_o be_v substitute_n be_v fail_v and_o therefore_o the_o only_a child_n of_o a_o marriage_n be_v find_v to_o have_v no_o title_n to_o pursue_v implement_n of_o the_o contract_n of_o marriage_n till_o he_o be_v serve_v heir_n of_o the_o marriage_n july_n 21._o 1676._o hay_o of_o drumelzier_n contra_fw-la earl_n of_o tweeddale_n the_o general_n proceed_v thus_o a_o brieve_n be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o chancery_n of_o course_n without_o citation_n or_o supplication_n for_o serve_v such_o a_o person_n near_o and_o lawful_a heir_n to_o such_o a_o defunct_a it_o may_v be_v direct_v to_o any_o judge_n ordinar_n at_o the_o party_n option_n albeit_o the_o defunct_a nor_o the_o heir_n never_o live_v within_o that_o jurisdiction_n march_v 6._o 1630._o the_o laird_n of_o caskiben_fw-ge supplicant_n the_o lord_n may_v in_o case_n where_o a_o ancient_a or_o important_a service_n be_v require_v choose_v the_o judge_n most_o fit_v for_o the_o affair_n and_o when_o brieve_v pass_v of_o course_n they_o be_v obtain_v to_o any_o judge_n desire_v but_o they_o be_v easy_o advocate_n and_o remit_v to_o the_o macer_n with_o assessor_n in_o case_n of_o difficulty_n the_o tenor_n of_o the_o brieve_n be_v by_o way_n of_o precept_n from_o the_o king_n to_o the_o judge_n to_o inquire_v per_fw-la probos_fw-la &_o fideles_fw-la homines_fw-la patriae_fw-la that_o such_o a_o person_n die_v at_o the_o faith_n and_o peace_n of_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n and_o that_o the_o user_n of_o the_o brieve_n be_v the_o near_a and_o lawful_a heir_n so_o this_o brieve_n have_v only_o these_o two_o head_n and_o thus_o not_o only_a heir_n of_o line_n may_v be_v serve_v general_o but_o also_o heir_n of_o conquest_n be_v to_o succeed_v to_o reversion_n heritable_a bond_n or_o the_o like_a right_n not_o have_v a_o infeftment_n or_o require_v a_o special_a service_n hope_v succession_n earl_n of_o dumbar_n heir_n and_o no_o doubt_n heir_n male_a may_v be_v serve_v general_o that_o they_o may_v succeed_v to_o the_o like_a right_n which_o may_v be_v conceive_v in_o their_o favour_n and_o whereunto_o they_o can_v have_v no_o other_o access_n and_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n heir_n of_o a_o marriage_n may_v also_o be_v serve_v and_o heir_n of_o provision_n in_o band_n general_a service_n use_v to_o be_v include_v in_o special_a service_n as_o member_n thereof_o and_o a_o retour_fw-fr to_o a_o annualrent_a bear_v to_o be_v grant_v to_o heir_n whatsoever_o and_o that_o the_o person_n retour_v heir_n in_o the_o say_v annualrent_a be_v find_v to_o instruct_v he_o general_a heir_n though_o it_o do_v not_o bear_v per_fw-la expressum_fw-la that_o he_o be_v heir_n general_o but_o only_o in_o that_o annualrent_a feb._n 9_o 1676._o ricartoun_n drumniond_v contra_fw-la stirling_n of_o airdoch_n the_o general_a service_n of_o heir_n be_v retour_v do_v so_o establish_v right_n not_o have_v infeftment_n as_o disposition_n heritable_a bond_n reversion_n apprising_n and_o adjudication_n in_o the_o person_n of_o the_o heir_n serve_v as_o that_o no_o posterior_n heir_n can_v have_v right_o thereto_o unless_o they_o be_v serve_v heir_n to_o the_o person_n last_o serve_v heir_n though_o the_o right_o stand_v in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o firstacquirer_n and_o not_o of_o the_o last_o heir_n as_o a_o heritable_a bond_n or_o reversion_n remain_v in_o the_o name_n of_o afather_n to_o who_o his_o elder_a son_n be_v serve_v heir_n general_o who_o die_v without_o issue_n the_o second_o brother_n must_v be_v serve_v heir_n to_o his_o brother_n and_o not_o to_o his_o father_n therein_o as_o be_v think_v by_o all_o the_o lord_n after_o dispute_n in_o praesentia_fw-la albeit_o the_o matter_n be_v agree_v without_o decision_n spot_n heir_n captain_n peter_n rollo_n contra_fw-la stewart_n of_o 〈◊〉_d the_o reason_n be_v because_o the_o general_a service_n be_v a_o compleatestablish_n of_o the_o right_n in_o the_o person_n of_o the_o heir_n and_o therefore_o as_o in_o special_a service_n the_o heir_n be_v serve_v to_o he_o who_o die_v last_o vest_n and_o seize_v as_o offee_n whereby_o that_o right_o be_v establish_v so_o in_o the_o general_a service_n the_o heir_n must_v be_v serve_v to_o he_o in_o who_o person_n the_o right_o stand_v last_o and_o though_o in_o special_a service_n the_o heir_n can_v be_v serve_v to_o he_o who_o be_v last_o serve_v special_a heir_n unless_o he_o have_v be_v also_o infeft_v the_o reason_n thereof_o be_v because_o the_o special_a service_n as_o a_o incomplete_a right_n evanish_v and_o the_o next_o apparent_a heir_n must_v be_v serve_v again_o to_o the_o same_o defunct_a but_o it_o be_v not_o so_o in_o general_a service_n 26._o the_o entry_n of_o heir_n to_o land_n or_o annualrent_n the_o fee_n whereof_o be_v by_o infeftment_n be_v either_o by_o consent_n of_o the_o superior_a voluntarly_a or_o by_o law_n the_o former_a be_v by_o the_o superior_n precept_n which_o from_o the_o initial_a word_n thereof_o quia_fw-la mihi_fw-la clare_v constat_fw-la etc._n etc._n be_v call_v a_o precept_n of_o clare_n constat_fw-la by_o which_o the_o superior_a acknowledge_v that_o the_o defunct_a die_v last_o vest_n and_o seize_v in_o such_o land_n or_o annualrent_n and_o that_o the_o same_o be_v hold_v of_o he_o by_o such_o a_o tenor_n and_o that_o the_o obtainer_n of_o the_o precept_n be_v near_a and_o lawful_a heir_n to_o he_o in_o the_o say_a land_n etc._n etc._n and_o that_o he_o be_v of_o lawful_a age_n for_o enter_v thereto_o and_o therefore_o command_v his_o bailiff_n to_o infeft_v he_o therein_o infeftment_n be_v past_o according_o giveth_z that_o party_n the_o real_a right_n of_o land_n or_o annualrent_n if_o do_v by_o the_o light_n superior_n it_o do_v also_o constitute_v the_o receiver_n thereof_o heir_n passiuè_fw-la and_o make_v he_o liable_a to_o his_o predecessor_n debt_n but_o it_o will_v not_o constitute_v or_o instruct_v he_o heir_n actiuè_fw-fr or_o give_v he_o a_o active_a title_n to_o pursue_v as_o heir_n yea_o it_o will_v not_o be_v a_o sufficient_a title_n as_o to_o the_o real_a right_n of_o the_o ground_n against_o any_o other_o party_n than_o those_o who_o acknowledge_v the_o giver_n thereof_o to_o be_v superior_a and_o the_o receiver_n to_o be_v heir_n for_o if_o upon_o any_o other_o colourable_a title_n they_o question_v any_o of_o these_o the_o infeftment_n and_o precept_n of_o clare_n constat_fw-la will_v not_o be_v sufficient_a alone_o unless_o it_o have_v obtain_v the_o benefit_n of_o a_o possessory_a judgement_n or_o prescription_n 27._o like_o unto_o this_o be_v the_o entry_n of_o heir_n within_o burgh_n royal_a by_o hespand_n staple_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o burgh_n which_o be_v instruct_v by_o the_o instrument_n of_o seize_v only_o without_o other_o adminicle_n november_n 13._o 1623._o mershall_n contra_fw-la mershal_n july_n penult_n 1629._o wilson_n contra_fw-la stewart_n in_o which_o case_n though_o a_o seize_v by_o hesp_n and_o staple_n be_v sustain_v to_o instruct_v a_o heir_n actiuè_fw-fr yet_o it_o be_v only_o because_o this_o pursuer_fw-mi have_v be_v prove_v heir_n passiuè_fw-la the_o eby_o at_o the_o instance_n of_o that_o defender_n 28._o the_o secure_a entry_n of_o heir_n special_o in_o land_n or_o annalrent_n be_v by_o law_n the_o procedor_fw-la whereof_o be_v in_o this_o manner_n any_o person_n may_v summare_o 〈◊〉_d a_o brieve_n out_o of_o the_o chancery_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o general_a 〈◊〉_d which_o be_v direct_v by_o way_n of_o precept_n from_o the_o king_n or_o lord_n of_o the_o regality_n have_v chapel_n and_o chancelarie_n whereby_o the_o judge_n to_o who_o it_o be_v direct_v be_v ordain_v by_o a_o inquest_n upon_o oath_n to_o inquire_v who_o die_v last_o vest_n and_o seize_v as_o of_o fee_n in_o such_o land_n or_o annualrent_n and_o if_o at_o the_o faith_n and_o peace_n of_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n and_o who_o be_v his_o near_a and_o lawful_a heir_n therein_o of_o who_o it_o be_v hold_v in_o chief_a by_o what_o service_n and_o what_o the_o value_n of_o it_o be_v now_o and_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n and_o if_o the_o say_a heir_n be_v of_o lawful_a age_n in_o
though_o she_o be_v not_o praeposita_fw-la negotiis_fw-la but_o because_o she_o be_v persona_fw-la illustris_fw-la and_o her_o husband_n out_o of_o the_o country_n hope_n husband_n and_o wife_n mr._n david_n russel_n contra_fw-la earl_n of_o argyle_n but_o a_o wife_n bond_n for_o necessary_a habiliment_n for_o her_o body_n find_v to_o oblige_v herself_o and_o not_o her_o husband_n executor_n and_o as_o to_o these_o she_o may_v contract_v had._n july_n 6._o 1610._o eustacius_n wise_a contra_fw-la lady_n hallyrudhouse_n this_o must_v be_v understand_v where_o the_o wife_n have_v a_o aliment_n constitute_v by_o her_o husband_n or_o other_o right_n exempt_a from_o his_o jus_fw-la mariti_fw-la and_o it_o be_v so_o late_o find_v in_o the_o case_n of_o adam_n garrn_v merchant_n contra_fw-la elizabeth_n arthur_n december_n 19_o 1667._o february_n 23._o 1672._o john_n neilson_n contra_fw-la arthur_n but_o a_o wife_n account_n of_o furniture_n to_o her_o person_n not_o be_v great_a find_v valide_fw-la against_o her_o husband_n be_v subscribe_v by_o the_o wife_n though_o she_o be_v minor_a be_v persona_fw-la illustris_fw-la february_n 20._o 1667._o andrew_n littlejohn_n contra_fw-la duke_n and_o duchess_n of_o munmouth_n this_o privilege_n of_o wife_n be_v extend_v to_o obligation_n or_o disposition_n make_v by_o the_o wife_n though_o before_o complete_n of_o the_o marriage_n be_v after_o contract_n and_o proclamation_n whereupon_o marriage_n follow_v january_n 29._o 1633._o 〈◊〉_d contra_fw-la brown_n the_o like_a special_o where_o the_o proclamation_n be_v not_o only_o at_o the_o husband_n paroch_n church_n but_o the_o wife_n july_n 8._o 1623._o stewart_n contra_fw-la aitkin_n the_o like_a of_o a_o disposition_n in_o favour_n of_o the_o wife_n child_n after_o their_o contract_n and_o one_o proclamation_n july_n 5._o 1611._o fletcher_n in_o dundee_n contra_fw-la brown_n yet_o wife_n obligation_n relate_v to_o their_o delinquence_n be_v not_o void_a but_o only_o such_o as_o relate_v to_o their_o contract_n so_o a_o wife_n be_v find_v oblige_v to_o fulfil_v a_o act_n of_o a_o kirk_n session_n under_o a_o penalty_n that_o she_o shall_v forbear_v a_o other_o man_n company_n which_o be_v find_v not_o to_o affect_v her_o husband_n good_n but_o her_o own_o hope_v husband_n and_o wife_n john_n bell_n contra_fw-la executor_n of_o james_n hogg_n and_o the_o kirk_n session_n of_o st._n cuthbert_n here_o also_o be_v except_v obliegement_n relate_v to_o disposition_n of_o land_n annualrent_n or_o liferent_n of_o which_o hereafter_o 13._o as_o to_o the_o husband_n and_o wife_n interest_n in_o their_o good_n by_o our_o custom_n without_o any_o voluntar_n contract_n there_o arise_v betwixt_o they_o a_o communion_n of_o all_o movable_n except_o the_o habiliment_n and_o ornament_n of_o the_o wife_n body_n which_o though_o they_o be_v superfluous_a and_o the_o husband_n insolvent_a be_v not_o arrestable_a for_o his_o debt_n the_o husband_n have_v the_o full_a and_o sole_a administration_n of_o all_o movable_a good_n belong_v or_o accress_v to_o the_o wife_n during_o the_o marriage_n and_o the_o rent_n and_o profit_n of_o heritable_a right_n as_o be_v movable_a and_o therefore_o a_o heritable_a bond_n find_v to_o belong_v to_o the_o husband_n jure_fw-la mariti_fw-la because_o he_o be_v marry_v before_o the_o term_n of_o whitsonday_n at_o which_o time_n it_o be_v payable_a june_n 15._o 1627._o nicolson_n contra_fw-la lyell_n and_o a_o sum_n be_v find_v to_o belong_v to_o the_o executor_n of_o the_o first_o husband_n though_o the_o term_n of_o payment_n be_v after_o his_o decease_n and_o not_o to_o the_o wife_n or_o her_o second_o husband_n also_o a_o legacy_n leave_v to_o a_o wife_n be_v find_v to_o belong_v to_o her_o husband_n hope_n legacy_n elizabeth_n brown_n contra_fw-la 〈◊〉_d likewise_o a_o husband_n find_v to_o have_v right_a to_o a_o bond_n blank_a in_o the_o creditor_n name_n which_o the_o wife_n during_o the_o marriage_n put_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o a_o three_o party_n who_o fill_v up_o his_o own_o name_n therein_o though_o the_o husband_n and_o wife_n be_v voluntary_o separate_v february_n 11._o 1634._o drummond_n contra_fw-la captain_n rollo_n except_o aliment_n due_o and_o competent_o provide_v for_o the_o wife_n which_o be_v not_o arrestable_a for_o the_o husband_n debt_n november_n 29._o 1622._o thomas_n edmonstoun_n contra_fw-la christian_n kirkaldie_n and_o alexander_n barclay_n the_o like_a of_o a_o aliment_n modify_v by_o decreet_a arbitral_n betwixt_o the_o husband_n and_o a_o three_o party_n though_o the_o cause_n thereof_o be_v found_v upon_o the_o husband_n right_o march_v 27._o 1627._o westnisbit_n contra_fw-la morison_n yea_o the_o husband_n himself_o find_v to_o have_v no_o access_n to_o a_o sum_n provide_v to_o a_o wife_n by_o her_o father_n for_o her_o aliment_n july_n 4._o 1637._o tennant_n contra_fw-la 〈◊〉_d this_o communion_n of_o good_n by_o our_o custom_n extend_v not_o to_o the_o wife_n right_n heritable_a as_o land_n annualrent_n heritable_a bond_n nor_o to_o liferent_n for_o as_o to_o these_o the_o wife_n may_v oblige_v herself_o personal_o in_o clause_n relative_a to_o such_o right_n as_o clause_n to_o infeft_n clause_n of_o warrandioe_n and_o clause_n of_o requisition_n of_o sum_n for_o which_o her_o land_n be_v wodset_v by_o she_o if_o the_o wife_n be_v first_o and_o principal_o bind_v with_o consent_n of_o her_o huaband_n but_o where_o the_o wife_n and_o husband_n be_v bind_v for_o infeftment_n in_o land_n belong_v to_o the_o wife_n and_o both_o bind_v in_o the_o requisition_n yet_o thereby_o the_o wife_n be_v not_o find_v oblige_v either_o for_o grant_v the_o infeftment_n or_o in_o the_o requisition_n because_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o money_n be_v not_o borrow_v for_o the_o wife_n use_n december_n 19_o 1626._o mathie_n contra_fw-la sibbald_n other_o way_n such_o obliegement_n be_v effectual_a against_o the_o wife_n the_o like_a hope_v annualrent_n agnes_n 〈◊〉_d contra_fw-la james_n 〈◊〉_d where_o a_o wife_n be_v find_v liable_a to_o pay_v a_o annualrent_a dispone_v by_o she_o and_o her_o husband_n out_o of_o her_o 〈◊〉_d fee-land_n even_o during_o the_o time_n they_o be_v in_o ward_n the_o like_a of_o a_o annualrent_a dispone_v by_o a_o wife_n and_o her_o husband_n for_o which_o both_o be_v personal_o oblige_v in_o respect_n she_o lift_v the_o rent_n of_o the_o land_n out_o of_o which_o it_o be_v to_o be_v uplift_v spot_n husband_n and_o wife_n walter_n 〈◊〉_d contra_fw-la margaret_n chisholm_n the_o like_a of_o a_o clause_n of_o requisition_n in_o a_o contract_n of_o wodset_n grant_v by_o the_o wife_n upon_o her_o land_n stante_fw-la matrimonia_fw-la hope_n husband_n and_o wife_n agnes_n gordon_n contra_fw-la elizabeth_n gordon_n and_o this_o be_v the_o difference_n betwixt_o these_o and_o other_o personal_a obliegement_n of_o the_o wife_n stante_fw-la matrimonio_fw-la which_o even_o though_o the_o husband_n consent_n be_v 〈◊〉_d and_o oblige_v she_o not_o yea_o a_o renunciation_n of_o a_o tenement_n by_o a_o wife_n without_o consent_n of_o her_o husband_n be_v absent_a though_o he_o ratify_v it_o at_o his_o return_n be_v find_v null_n spot_n husband_n and_o wife_n helen_n melvil_n contra_fw-la so_o that_o the_o husband_n right_o jure_fw-la mariti_fw-la to_o the_o rent_n and_o annualrent_n of_o the_o wife_n right_n which_o be_v not_o alimentary_a can_v by_o evacuate_v without_o the_o husband_n consent_n though_o the_o wife_n may_v dispose_v of_o the_o right_n itself_o to_o take_v effect_n after_o the_o dissolution_n of_o the_o marriage_n in_o heritable_a right_n of_o wife_n bond_n bear_v annualrent_a though_o without_o a_o clause_n of_o infeftment_n be_v comprehend_v for_o these_o remain_v heritable_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d &_o relictum_fw-la by_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1661._o cap._n 32._o and_o therefore_o a_o provision_n by_o a_o father_n to_o his_o daughter_n bear_v annualrent_a five_o per_fw-la cent_n find_v not_o to_o fall_v under_o the_o husband_n 〈◊〉_d mariti_fw-la june_n 28._o 1665._o james_n 〈◊〉_d against_o 〈◊〉_d edgar_n july_n 4._o 1676._o john_n 〈◊〉_d contra_fw-la bruce_n the_o marriage_n without_o any_o contract_n be_v a_o legal_a assignation_n to_o the_o rent_n and_o profit_n of_o the_o wife_n land_n and_o other_o heritable_a right_n during_o the_o marriage_n so_o that_o without_o his_o consent_n the_o wife_n can_v alter_v the_o condition_n thereof_o in_o prejudice_n of_o his_o right_n during_o the_o marriage_n jus_fw-la mariti_fw-la be_v so_o effectual_a as_o to_o the_o movable_a good_n of_o the_o wife_n that_o though_o a_o life-rent_a in_o her_o second_o contract_n of_o marriage_n reserve_v a_o part_n of_o her_o life-rent_a land_n to_o be_v sole_o at_o she_o own_o disposel_n and_o that_o the_o husband_n in_o the_o same_o contract_n of_o marriage_n renounce_v his_o jus_fw-la mariti_fw-la thereanent_fw-la yet_o that_o renunciation_n be_v find_v to_o be_v his_o jur._n mariti_fw-la and_o so_o the_o profit_n of_o her_o life-rent_a be_v affect_v by_o his_o creditor_n it_o not_o be_v constitute_v
grant_v after_o the_o liferent_a escheat_n fall_v in_o prejudice_n of_o the_o superior_a and_o donatar_a july_n 3._o 1624._o moor_n contra_fw-la hannay_n and_o the_o earl_n of_o galloway_n and_o extend_v to_o a_o tack_v or_o few_o of_o ward-land_n not_o confirm_v by_o the_o superior_a in_o prejudice_n of_o his_o donatar_n of_o the_o ward_n march_v 13._o 1627._o laird_n of_o ley_n contra_fw-la blair_n and_o extend_v to_o the_o profit_n of_o a_o procurator-fiscals_a place_n wherein_o the_o incumbent_n serve_v three_o year_n without_o interruption_n though_o his_o right_n be_v reduce_v thereafter_o and_o declare_v null_n ab_fw-la initio_fw-la february_n 17._o 1624._o thomson_n contra_fw-la law_n it_o be_v also_o extend_v to_o one_o who_o have_v a_o posterior_n right_o of_o reversion_n first_o redeem_v and_o possess_v thereby_o as_o to_o bygone_n before_o the_o citation_n though_o he_o have_v not_o possess_v so_o long_o as_o to_o give_v he_o the_o benefit_n of_o a_o possessory_a judgement_n november_n 18._o 1664._o guthrie_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o sornbeg_n it_o be_v also_o sustain_v against_o a_o minor_a reduce_v upon_o minority_n and_o lesion_n yet_o the_o possessor_n by_o virtue_n of_o his_o contract_n be_v secure_a as_o to_o bygon_n before_o citation_n here_o there_o be_v a_o probable_a cause_n of_o contract_n for_o a_o onerous_a consideration_n though_o not_o full_o equivalent_a february_n 16._o 1666._o earl_n of_o wintoun_n contra_fw-la countess_n of_o wintoun_n upon_o this_o title_n a_o tennent_n be_v liberat_fw-la from_o remove_v upon_o a_o warn_n by_o a_o fire_n after_o the_o death_n of_o his_o father_n the_o liferenter_fw-la in_o respect_n he_o set_v the_o tack_v without_o mention_n of_o his_o liferent_a and_o be_v repute_v fire_n and_o therefore_o the_o son_n be_v put_v to_o a_o new_a warning_n february_n 16._o 1669._o hamiltoun_n contra_fw-la harper_n possession_n bona_fw-la fide_fw-la be_v find_v to_o liberat_fw-la a_o appryzer_n from_o be_v countable_a to_o the_o other_o appryzer_n within_o year_n and_o day_n july_n 17._o 1675._o bailzie_n baird_n contra_fw-la bailzie_n johnstoun_n it_o be_v also_o sustain_v against_o the_o donatar_n of_o forefaulture_n january_n 28._o 1679._o laird_n of_o blair_n contra_fw-la lady_n heslehead_n it_o be_v also_o sustain_v upon_o a_o infeftment_n for_o relief_n whereby_o the_o rent_n be_v to_o be_v impute_v in_o satisfaction_n both_o of_o the_o principal_a and_o annual_a february_n 8._o 1676._o margaret_n scrimzour_n contra_fw-la the_o earl_n of_o northesk_n yea_o it_o be_v sustain_v though_o the_o possessor_n title_n be_v forge_v he_o be_v a_o singular_a successor_n not_o accessary_a to_o or_o conscious_a of_o the_o forgery_n even_o after_o improbation_n of_o his_o title_n be_v propon_v by_o exception_n but_o not_o sustain_v but_o reserve_v by_o way_n of_o action_n in_o which_o the_o title_n be_v find_v false_a yet_o the_o bona_fw-la fides_fw-la be_v extend_v to_o the_o rend_v spend_v till_o he_o be_v put_v in_o mala_fw-la fide_fw-la by_o probation_n of_o the_o forgery_n but_o he_o be_v find_v liable_a in_o quantum_fw-la lucratus_fw-la for_o get_v more_o price_n for_o the_o land_n in_o question_n than_o he_o pay_v to_o his_o author_n therefore_o december_n 10._o 1677._o dick_n of_o grange_n contra_fw-la sir_n laurance_n oliphant_n but_o no_o unlawful_a possession_n be_v valid_a in_o this_o case_n if_o it_o be_v vicious_a violent_a clandestine_v or_o momentany_a but_o it_o be_v not_o so_o evident_a when_o a_o possession_n be_v account_v momentany_a sure_a little_a time_n will_v suffice_v in_o movable_n but_o in_o land_n more_o time_n be_v require_v a_o year_n or_o term_n or_o less_o time_n may_v suffice_v this_o right_n be_v different_a from_o the_o possessory_a judgement_n competent_a upon_o infeftment_n which_o require_v long_a time_n and_o because_o it_o be_v a_o effect_n of_o infeftment_n tack_n or_o the_o like_a we_o shall_v speak_v thereof_o in_o that_o place_n if_o the_o possession_n bona_fw-la fide_fw-la be_v by_o virtue_n of_o a_o colourable_a title_n though_o perhaps_o null_a in_o itself_o upon_o informality_n in_o the_o law_n requisite_a or_o upon_o inhibition_n interdiction_n or_o want_v of_o power_n in_o the_o grant_a it_o be_v effectual_a yet_o when_o by_o a_o common_a or_o know_a law_n the_o title_n be_v void_a material_o in_o this_o case_n the_o possessor_n be_v not_o esteem_v to_o possess_v bona_fw-la fide_fw-la it_o be_v so_o evident_a ignorantia_fw-la juris_fw-la non_fw-la excusat_fw-la as_o if_o a_o relict_n shall_v possess_v land_n or_o other_o the_o marriage_n be_v dissolve_v by_o her_o husband_n death_n within_o year_n and_o day_n november_n 16._o 1633._o grant_v contra_fw-la grant_n hereby_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o possession_n have_v much_o in_o it_o dictinct_a and_o several_a from_o fact_n and_o therefore_o it_o stand_v in_o place_n of_o a_o title_n in_o ejection_n and_o spuilzy_n 25._o by_o the_o canon_n law_n allow_v by_o our_o custom_n possessor_n decennalis_fw-la &_o triennalis_fw-la non_fw-la tenetur_fw-la docere_fw-la de_fw-la titulo_fw-la etiam_fw-la in_o causa_fw-la salsi_fw-la whereupon_o prebendar_n be_v assoilzy_v from_o production_n in_o a_o improbation_n of_o their_o provision_n hope_v improb_n bishop_n of_o galloway_n contra_fw-la the_o prebendar_n of_o the_o chappel-royal_a but_o this_o hold_v not_o in_o reduction_n where_o the_o title_n be_v suppose_v but_o crave_v to_o be_v reduce_v upon_o a_o better_a right_n as_o when_o the_o debate_n be_v who_o have_v the_o right_a of_o patronage_n earl_n of_o wigtoun_n contra_fw-la drummellier_n july_n 24._o 1622._o earl_n of_o wigtoun_n contra_fw-la bishop_n of_o glasgow_n for_o in_o these_o case_n a_o ecclesiastical_a person_n title_n be_v to_o be_v reduce_v in_o consequentiam_fw-la with_o the_o patron_n title_n which_o have_v not_o this_o privilege_n but_o this_o possession_n must_v be_v as_o be_v hold_v and_o repute_v a_o part_n of_o a_o benefice_n and_o must_v be_v prove_v by_o witness_n and_o therefore_o the_o possession_n of_o land_n by_o tolerance_n be_v find_v probable_a by_o witness_n to_o elide_v thirteen_o year_n possession_n thereof_o by_o a_o minister_n who_o pretend_v to_o it_o as_o a_o part_n of_o his_o glibe_n minister_n of_o contra_fw-la duke_n of_o bucleugh_n and_o if_o the_o churchmen_n title_n can_v be_v find_v their_o possession_n will_v be_v ascribe_v thereto_o and_o regulate_v thereby_o and_o therefore_o the_o bishop_n of_o dumblain_n as_o dean_n of_o the_o chapel-royal_a have_v long_o possess_v ten_o chalder_n of_o victual_n as_o a_o part_n of_o his_o benefice_n there_o be_v find_v a_o mortification_n of_o that_o victual_n by_o the_o king_n bear_v the_o king_n to_o have_v have_v right_a by_o disposition_n from_o another_o and_o that_o other_o right_o be_v produce_v do_v bear_v reversion_n in_o the_o body_n thereof_o for_o seven_o thousand_o mark_n which_o be_v pay_v to_o the_o king_n when_o the_o bishop_n be_v suppress_v and_o his_o grant_n of_o redemption_n thereupon_o voluntary_o without_o a_o order_n or_o sentence_n the_o churchmen_n possession_n more_o than_o thirteen_o year_n before_o the_o redemption_n and_o thirteen_o year_n after_o the_o redemption_n be_v elide_v by_o the_o reverse_n right_o and_o redemption_n neither_o do_v the_o act_n of_o sederunt_fw-la after_o the_o reformation_n declare_v ten_o year_n possession_n of_o kirk_n land_n before_o the_o reformation_n and_o thirty_o year_n after_o to_o import_v a_o right_a sustain_v this_o churchman_n possession_n that_o act_n be_v only_o for_o fews_n grant_v by_o churchman_n not_o for_o right_n grant_v to_o churchman_n july_n 7._o 1676._o bishop_n of_o dumblain_n contra_fw-la francis_n kinloch_n and_o it_o be_v find_v that_o thirteen_o year_n possession_n of_o viccarage_n by_o a_o minister_n do_v not_o prefer_v he_o to_o a_o tacksman_n where_o the_o minister_n title_n be_v a_o decreet_a of_o locality_n produce_v and_o not_o contain_v the_o teind_n in_o question_n february_n 24._o 1681_o doctor_n lesly_n contra_fw-la the_o minister_n of_o glenmuck_n this_o right_n in_o favour_n of_o churchman_n be_v by_o a_o rule_n of_o chancelary_a of_o rome_n which_o have_v be_v continue_v after_o reformation_n as_o be_v convenient_a that_o less_o time_n and_o title_n shall_v give_v right_a to_o the_o church_n benefice_n who_o mortification_n may_v be_v easy_o lose_v or_o suppress_v than_o other_o right_n there_o be_v also_o another_o rule_n in_o the_o chancelary_a that_o triennalis_fw-la pacificus_fw-la possessor_n beneficii_fw-la est_fw-la inde_fw-la securus_fw-la this_o rule_n give_v not_o right_a to_o the_o church_n but_o prefer_v one_o churchman_n to_o another_o if_o he_o continue_v to_o possess_v three_o year_n without_o interruption_n though_o he_o can_v not_o defend_v by_o his_o right_n there_o be_v a_o three_o benefit_n by_o possession_n of_o benefice_n and_o stipend_n by_o seven_o year_n peaceable_a possession_n whereby_o they_o have_v the_o benefit_n of_o a_o possessory_a judgement_n and_o can_v be_v call_v in_o question_n but_o by_o reduction_n or_o declarator_n and_o
of_o incorporation_n or_o person_n or_o otherways_o a_o servitude_n of_o common_a pasturage_n etc._n etc._n therefore_o we_o shall_v first_o speak_v of_o the_o right_n of_o property_n in_o fee_n both_o in_o relation_n to_o the_o superior_a and_o to_o the_o vassal_n next_o of_o the_o servitude_n competent_a in_o fee_n which_o comprehend_v all_o right_n not_o reach_v the_o alienation_n or_o substance_n but_o the_o lesser_a interest_n extend_v only_o to_o the_o profit_n or_o use_n of_o hereditament_n must_v comprehend_v both_o the_o interest_n introduce_v by_o law_n as_o teind_n and_o these_o that_o be_v by_o consent_n by_o infeftment_n or_o other_o grant_n or_o long_a possession_n whether_o they_o be_v personal_a as_o liferent_n conjunct-fee_n terce_n and_o the_o right_n of_o courtesy_n annualrent_n pension_n rental_n tack_n etc._n etc._n or_o whether_o real_a servitude_n as_o thirlage_n pasturage_n etc._n etc._n and_o last_o feudal_n pledge_n which_o be_v call_v wodsetts_n but_o in_o all_o we_o be_v only_o here_o to_o speak_v of_o the_o constitution_n of_o feudal_n right_n leave_v the_o transmission_n thereof_o to_o heir_n or_o singular_a successor_n to_o the_o next_o part_n vide_fw-la title_n 24._o and_o 27._o 4._o the_o property_n of_o all_o land_n and_o immovables_n or_o hereditament_n be_v either_o allodial_a or_o feudal_n allodial_n be_v that_o whereby_o the_o right_a be_v without_o recognizance_n or_o acknowledgement_n of_o a_o superior_a have_v a_o real_a right_n in_o the_o thing_n thus_o be_v movable_n enjoy_v and_o land_n and_o immovables_n be_v so_o till_o these_o feudal_n custom_n and_o now_o there_o remain_v little_a allodial_n for_o land_n hold_v feu_n or_o burgage_n or_o land_n mortify_v be_v not_o allodial_a see_v they_o acknowledge_v a_o superior_a have_v the_o direct_a right_n of_o property_n and_o to_o who_o there_o must_v be_v some_o rent_n or_o return_v though_o they_o be_v not_o so_o proper_a fee_n as_o land_v hold_v ward_n yet_o the_o superior_n right_o in_o the_o sovereign_a power_n be_v not_o feudal_n but_o allodial_a here_o though_o some_o kingdom_n be_v hold_v of_o superior_n as_o feudal_n so_o also_o the_o gleibs_n of_o minister_n seem_v to_o come_v near_o to_o allodial_n have_v no_o infeftment_n hold_v rent_n or_o acknowledgement_n though_o they_o be_v more_o proper_o mortify_a fee_n whereof_o the_o liferent-escheat_n befall_v to_o the_o king_n only_o kirk_n and_o kirk-yard_n be_v only_o allodial_a without_o any_o acknowledgement_n of_o a_o superior_a but_o they_o be_v destinat_fw-la for_o pious_a uses_n and_o be_v ordain_v to_o be_v uphold_v and_o repair_v par._n 1563._o cap._n 76._o and_o the_o parochioner_n of_o every_o paroch_n be_v ordain_v to_o build_v and_o repair_v kirk-yard-dykes_a with_o stone_n and_o mortar_n two_o else_o high_a and_o to_o make_v kirk-style_n therein_o par._n 1597._o cap._n 232._o the_o manner_n of_o repair_v kirk_n be_v remit_v to_o the_o council_n by_o the_o say_v first_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o thereupon_o a_o act_n of_o council_n be_v make_v which_o be_v ratify_v par._n 1572._o cap._n 54._o but_o be_v not_o repeat_v in_o the_o ratification_n but_o only_o in_o general_n that_o the_o parochioner_n be_v warrant_v to_o name_n person_n to_o stint_v the_o neighbour_n a_o fee_n signify_v either_o the_o right_n itself_o or_o the_o thing_n affect_v with_o the_o right_n whether_o it_o be_v corporeal_a as_o land_n loch_n wood_n fortalices_n milns_n or_o incorporeal_a as_o annualrent_n fish_v jurisdiction_n pasturage_n or_o the_o like_a and_o at_o the_o first_o it_o be_v free_o grant_v for_o fidelity_n and_o military_a service_n of_o the_o vassal_n 5._o and_o therefore_o it_o employ_v first_o that_o it_o be_v a_o free_a and_o gratuitous_a donation_n as_o to_o money_n or_o other_o anterior_a cause_n and_o only_o for_o fidelity_n and_o service_n second_o none_o can_v succeed_v therein_o but_o such_o as_o can_v perform_v that_o service_n whereby_o woman_n be_v exclude_v three_o it_o can_v descend_v to_o none_o but_o to_o the_o male_a issue_n of_o the_o first_o vassal_n body_n which_o cease_v it_o become_v void_a and_o can_v not_o be_v transmit_v to_o the_o collateral_n or_o to_o the_o ascendant_n of_o the_o first_o vassal_n four_o whensoever_o it_o be_v open_a or_o void_a by_o the_o death_n of_o the_o vassal_n infeft_v it_o return_v to_o the_o superior_a until_o the_o vassal_n heir_n be_v capable_a of_o military_a service_n which_o be_v esteem_v to_o be_v so_o soon_o as_o he_o attain_v majority_n and_o while_o it_o be_v in_o nonentry_n by_o the_o negligence_n of_o the_o vassal_n not_o demand_v infeftment_n but_o in_o his_o minority_n when_o he_o be_v unable_a to_o serve_v both_o the_o land_n and_o the_o vassal_n be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o superior_a in_o ward_n and_o custody_n or_o of_o his_o donatar_n as_o his_o legal_a tutor_n who_o be_v to_o educat_fw-la he_o for_o his_o own_o service_n and_o to_o entertain_v he_o beside_o which_o he_o have_v then_o no_o other_o profit_n of_o his_o fee_n and_o if_o he_o marry_v without_o the_o superior_n consent_n he_o lose_v a_o sum_n equivalent_a to_o that_o tocher_n which_o be_v suitable_a to_o his_o quality_n and_o estate_n and_o if_o contrary_a his_o superior_n will_v he_o refuse_v a_o suitable_a match_n he_o forefault_n the_o double_a of_o the_o tocher_n the_o reason_n introductory_n of_o this_o be_v because_o the_o superior_a may_v be_v concern_v in_o the_o affinity_n contract_v by_o his_o vassal_n in_o his_o marriage_n in_o all_o fee_n fidelity_n by_o the_o vassal_n to_o his_o superior_a be_v necessary_o employ_v and_o if_o any_o thing_n be_v act_v contrary_a to_o fidelity_n and_o gratitude_n against_o the_o life_n and_o fame_n of_o the_o superior_a to_o the_o great_a prejudice_n of_o his_o estate_n or_o near_a relation_n the_o fee_n become_v void_a wherein_o be_v also_o comprehend_v the_o vassal_n disclaim_v of_o his_o superior_a or_o own_v another_o in_o his_o place_n or_o infeft_v another_o vassal_n without_o his_o superior_n consent_n fee_n be_v not_o only_o unalienable_a without_o consent_n of_o the_o superior_a for_o the_o reason_n now_o adduce_v but_o they_o be_v stricti_fw-la juris_fw-la and_o there_o be_v no_o obligement_n upon_o the_o superior_a to_o receive_v any_o stranger_n or_o singular_a successor_n his_o vassal_n except_o what_o the_o law_n have_v introduce_v by_o statute_n or_o custom_n in_o favour_n of_o creditor_n for_o obtain_v satisfaction_n of_o their_o debt_n by_o appryzing_n or_o adjudication_n whereby_o the_o superior_a may_v be_v compel_v to_o receive_v singular_a successor_n yet_o the_o disposition_n procuratory_n or_o precept_n of_o seize_v before_o infeftment_n be_v asignable_a and_o the_o superior_a may_v be_v compel_v to_o receive_v the_o assignee_n if_o the_o disposition_n be_v in_o favour_n of_o assigney_n but_o infeftment_n be_v once_o take_v he_o be_v not_o oblige_v to_o receive_v any_o assignee_n or_o singular_a successor_n otherways_o then_o in_o obedience_n of_o horning_n upon_o apprize_a or_o adjudication_n get_v a_o year_n rend_v for_o accept_v a_o new_a vassal_n 6._o these_o be_v the_o ancient_a requisit_n of_o fee_n that_o be_v a_o proper_a fee_n which_o have_v they_o and_o the_o want_n of_o any_o of_o they_o make_v it_o improperin_o so_o far_o but_o most_o of_o they_o may_v always_o and_o now_o be_v change_v by_o the_o tenor_n of_o the_o infeftment_n as_o when_o the_o fee_n be_v grant_v to_o the_o vassal_n and_o the_o heir_n of_o his_o body_n it_o be_v so_o far_o improper_a that_o woman_n may_v succeed_v if_o it_o begranted_a to_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n simple_o than_o his_o collateral_a heir_n or_o ascendant_n may_v succeed_v or_o if_o to_o his_o heir_n male_a whatsoever_o much_o more_o if_o to_o the_o heir_n or_o descendants_n of_o other_o person_n in_o tailzy_n fee_n be_v also_o grant_v not_o for_o military_a service_n or_o service_n indefinite_o but_o for_o some_o definite_a particular_a service_n as_o for_o carry_v of_o a_o sword_n or_o other_o ensign_n of_o honour_n before_o the_o superior_a in_o solemn_a day_n or_o not_o for_o service_n at_o all_o but_o for_o some_o rent_n which_o be_v either_o inconsiderable_a as_o a_o mere_a acknowledgement_n of_o the_o superior_a as_o a_o penny_n money_n or_o a_o grain_n of_o pepper_n a_o rose_n etc._n etc._n or_o for_o a_o feu-ferm-duty_n in_o money_n or_o any_o fungible_a or_o other_o performance_n or_o when_o the_o avail_n of_o the_o marriage_n and_o profit_n of_o the_o ward_n be_v tax_v to_o such_o a_o sum_n hence_o we_o may_v consider_v what_o remain_v as_o to_o the_o essential_o of_o fee_n and_o common_a interest_n thereof_o which_o be_v these_o 7._o first_o there_o must_v remain_v a_o right_n in_o the_o superior_a which_o be_v call_v dominium_fw-la directum_fw-la and_o withal_o a_o right_a in_o the_o vassal_n call_v dominium_fw-la utile_fw-la the_o reason_n of_o the_o distinction_n and_o term_n thereof_o
have_v unwarrantable_o refuse_v to_o enter_v if_o the_o appryzer_n or_o adjudger_n insist_v in_o his_o apprize_a or_o adjudication_n for_o possession_n but_o he_o may_v forbear_v to_o make_v use_n of_o the_o apprize_a or_o adjudication_n and_o if_o holy_fw-mi long_o out_o without_o further_a diligence_n he_o will_v be_v presume_v to_o have_v relinquish_v his_o apprize_a or_o adjudication_n and_o posterior_n right_n and_o diligence_n will_v be_v prefer_v but_o if_o he_o enter_v in_o possession_n no_o posterior_n infeftment_n or_o diligence_n will_v exclude_v he_o although_o he_o insist_v no_o further_o but_o the_o charge_n of_o horning_n and_o it_o have_v not_o occur_v to_o be_v determine_v how_o long_o that_o right_n will_v subsist_v without_o infeftment_n but_o it_o have_v be_v find_v that_o the_o superior_a will_v not_o be_v exclude_v from_o the_o casualty_n of_o superiority_n by_o his_o former_a vassal_n if_o he_o have_v not_o be_v in_o the_o fault_n in_o refuse_v to_o enter_v when_o the_o appryzer_n or_o adjudger_n offer_v he_o a_o charter_n with_o a_o year_n rend_v of_o the_o land_n or_o annualrent_a of_o the_o sum_n adjudge_v or_o apprise_v for_o this_o be_v in_o the_o case_n of_o ward_n february_n 9_o 1669._o black_a contra_fw-la david_n trinch_n neither_o be_v a_o superior_a find_v to_o have_v interest_n to_o exclude_v a_o appryzer_n from_o possession_n till_o he_o pay_v a_o year_n rent_n but_o that_o he_o may_v possess_v during_o the_o legal_a if_o he_o insist_v not_o for_o infeftment_n which_o insinuat_v that_o after_o expyre_v of_o the_o legal_a the_o superior_a may_v hinder_v the_o appryzer_n or_o adjudger_n to_o continue_v in_o possession_n till_o he_o take_v infeftment_n and_o pay_v a_o year_n rend_v but_o during_o the_o legal_a the_o apprize_a or_o adjudication_n be_v but_o as_o a_o legal_a assignation_n to_o the_o mail_n and_o duty_n so_o that_o the_o appryzer_n can_v be_v force_v to_o take_v infeftment_n till_o the_o legal_a expyre_n and_o the_o land_n become_v irredeemable_o his_o own_o and_o then_o he_o be_v to_o pay_v a_o year_n rend_v but_o in_o this_o case_n there_o be_v no_o charge_n upon_o the_o apprize_a december_n 3._o 1672._o mr._n hendry_n hay_o contra_fw-la laird_n of_o earlestoun_n albeit_o in_o the_o case_n of_o johnstoun_n contra_fw-la the_o tenant_n of_o auchincorse_n july_n 22._o 1665._o the_o appryzer_n have_v charge_v the_o superior_a though_o he_o do_v not_o then_o obey_v yet_o appear_v in_o the_o process_n of_o mail_n and_o duty_n he_o offer_v now_o to_o receive_v the_o appryzer_n and_o therefore_o the_o appryzer_n be_v exclude_v till_o he_o pay_v the_o year_n rend_v which_o be_v under_o consideration_n of_o the_o lord_n in_o the_o posterior_n case_n of_o mr._n henry_n hay_o they_o resolve_v to_o give_v the_o apyryzer_n his_o option_n within_o the_o legal_a to_o take_v infeftment_n or_o not_o so_o that_o the_o charge_n do_v only_o hinder_v other_o to_o preveen_n but_o do_v not_o exclude_v the_o superior_a from_o any_o casuality_n of_o the_o superiority_n fall_v by_o his_o former_a vassal_n unless_o he_o have_v be_v in_o culpa_fw-la refuse_v the_o appryzer_n entry_n insist_v orderly_o to_o be_v enter_v which_o be_v a_o great_a advantage_n both_o to_o debtor_n and_o creditor_n not_o to_o have_v the_o accession_n of_o a_o year_n rend_v till_o the_o ancient_a right_n may_v be_v discover_v and_o that_o it_o may_v appear_v whether_o the_o apprize_a become_v a_o absolute_a right_n the_o main_a division_n of_o infeftment_n be_v in_o relation_n to_o the_o hold_v be_v in_o ward_n blench_v feu_n burgage_n and_o mortification_n 31._o a_o infeftment_n ward_n have_v its_o denomination_n from_o ward_n which_o be_v the_o chief_a casuality_n befalling_a to_o the_o superior_a thereby_o it_o be_v the_o most_o proper_a feudal_n right_o we_o have_v and_o therefore_o wherever_o the_o hold_n appear_v not_o or_o be_v unclear_a there_o ward-holding_a be_v understand_v it_o be_v ordinary_o express_v by_o render_v service_n use_v and_o wont_a and_o if_o the_o reddendo_fw-la be_v not_o express_v in_o name_n of_o blensh_fw-mi or_o feu_fw-fr ferm_n though_o it_o bear_v payment_n of_o some_o duty_n yet_o ward_n be_v infer_v as_o by_o a_o charter_n bear_v sex_n dinarios_fw-la nomine_fw-la cana_fw-la with_o a_o tax_v marriage_n so_o also_o it_o be_v infer_v by_o a_o reddendo_fw-la bear_v a_o particular_a duty_n payable_a at_o whitsunday_n and_o martimass_n cum_fw-la servitiis_fw-la in_o curiis_fw-la nostris_fw-la &_o alibi_fw-la debitis_fw-la &_o consuetis_fw-la hope_n de_fw-fr feudi_fw-la renovatione_fw-la williamson_n contra_fw-la thomson_n the_o main_a importance_n of_o a_o ward-holding_a be_v indefinite_a service_n to_o be_v perform_v by_o the_o vassal_n to_o his_o superior_a and_o especial_o in_o war_n but_o that_o be_v now_o little_a in_o use_n the_o main_a effect_n of_o it_o be_v the_o ward_n and_o marriage_n of_o the_o vassal_n of_o which_o hereafter_o 32._o ward_n land_n according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o proper_a feudal_n right_n may_v not_o be_v alienat_fw-la by_o the_o vassal_n grant_v any_o subaltern_a infeftment_n thereof_o otherways_o not_o only_o the_o subaltern_a infeftment_n be_v void_a but_o the_o vassal_n grant_a thereof_o his_o own_o infeftment_n become_v void_a by_o recognition_n yet_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1457._o cap._n 72._o all_o feus_n to_o be_v grant_v by_o the_o king_n prelate_n baron_n or_o freeholders_n be_v allow_v and_o declare_v not_o to_o fall_v in_o ward_n as_o be_v but_o heritable_a assedation_n as_o the_o act_n bear_v pay_v to_o the_o superior_a during_o the_o ward_n the_o feu-duty_n provide_v the_o land_n be_v set_v to_o a_o competent_a avail_n without_o prejudice_n to_o the_o king_n which_o be_v ordinary_o interpret_v to_o be_v the_o retoured_a duty_n the_o same_o be_v repeat_v par._n 1503._o cap._n 91._o and_o extend_v not_o only_o to_o subaltern_a infeftment_n feu_n but_o also_o of_o annualrent_n so_o that_o it_o be_v without_o diminution_n of_o the_o rental_a which_o in_o land_n hold_v of_o the_o king_n by_o secular_a man_n be_v the_o retoured_a mail_n and_o in_o the_o king_n property_n and_o in_o kirk-land_n be_v the_o full_a rental_a they_o shall_v happen_v to_o be_v at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o subaltern_a infeftment_n which_o therefore_o the_o feus_n may_n not_o diminish_v and_o the_o annualrent_n may_v not_o be_v so_o great_a as_o to_o exhaust_v the_o land_n that_o the_o rental_a remain_v not_o free_a this_o last_o act_n be_v temporal_a for_o that_o king_n life_n and_o therefore_o the_o extension_n as_o to_o annualrent_n cease_v though_o the_o first_o act_n express_v that_o the_o king_n will_v ratify_v all_o feus_n grant_v by_o the_o king_n immediate_a vassal_n yet_o the_o act_n bear_v that_o the_o king_n thereby_o will_v give_v good_a example_n to_o the_o rest_n viz._n to_o other_o superior_n and_o therefore_o a_o feu_n of_o ward-land_n grant_v by_o a_o vassal_n hold_v ward_n of_o a_o subject_a before_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1606._o be_v find_v valid_a though_o without_o the_o superior_n consent_n june_n 24._o 1668._o stuart_n of_o torrence_n contra_fw-la fevar_n of_o ernock_n this_o privilege_n be_v take_v away_o as_o to_o all_o superior_n and_o their_o vassal_n except_o the_o vassal_n of_o the_o king_n who_o only_o may_v grant_v subaltern_a infeftment_n of_o their_o ward_n land_n par._n 1606._o cap._n 12._o whereby_o all_o such_o subaltern_a infeftment_n of_o their_o ward-land_n be_v declare_v null_n by_o exception_n or_o reply_n unless_o the_o superior_n consent_v be_v obtain_v and_o therefore_o the_o superior_n consent_v in_o the_o disposition_n by_o a_o vassal_n to_o a_o sub-vassal_n be_v find_v to_o exclude_v the_o vassal_n ward_n so_o far_o as_o concern_v the_o sub-vassal_n though_o it_o be_v a_o redeemable_a feu_fw-fr july_n 2._o 1672._o earl_n of_o eglintoun_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o greenock_n the_o same_o be_v extend_v to_o the_o vassal_n of_o the_o king_n and_o prince_n who_o be_v thereby_o also_o exclude_v from_o set_v of_o feus_n of_o ward-land_n to_o sub-vassal_n par._n 1633._o cap._n 16._o but_o the_o vassal_n of_o the_o king_n and_o prince_n be_v restore_v to_o their_o former_a privilege_n and_o the_o say_a act_n 1633._o whole_o repeal_v parliament_n 1641._o cap._n 58._o which_o now_o be_v rescind_v par._n 1661._o cap._n 15._o yet_o the_o land_n set_v in_o feu_n during_o the_o time_n of_o these_o several_a act_n now_o repeal_v be_v valid_a so_o ward-land_n hold_v of_o the_o king_n or_o prince_n may_v not_o be_v set_v in_o feu_n nor_o of_o any_o other_o superior_n except_o bishop_n and_o their_o chapter_n for_o these_o may_v set_v feus_n for_o a_o feu-duty_n equivalent_a to_o the_o retour_fw-fr par._n 1621._o cap._n 9_o but_o this_o act_n be_v only_o temporary_a for_o three_o year_n and_o therefore_o subaltern_a infeftment_n grant_v by_o vassal_n if_o of_o the_o most_o part_n of_o the_o ward-land_n infer_v recognition_n thereof_o
the_o abolish_n of_o popery_n they_o return_v to_o the_o crown_n as_o the_o narrative_a of_o the_o act_n of_o annexation_n of_o the_o temporality_n of_o benefice_n par._n 1587._o cap._n 29._o bear_n and_o therefore_o benefice_n of_o laic_a patronage_n as_o have_v proceed_v from_o these_o patron_n be_v except_v by_o the_o say_a act_n and_o though_o after_o the_o restitution_n of_o bishop_n and_o their_o chapter_n the_o act_n of_o annexation_n in_o so_o far_o as_o concern_v their_o land_n be_v rescind_v par._n 1606._o cap._n 6._o yet_o bishop_n be_v abolish_v par._n 1640._o cap._n 6._o their_o land_n be_v again_o annex_v to_o the_o crown_n par._n 1649._o cap._n whereby_o all_o erection_n of_o kirk-land_n in_o temporal_a barony_n or_o lordship_n by_o which_o the_o king_n interpose_v any_o person_n betwixt_o himself_o and_o these_o who_o be_v former_o vassal_n of_o kirkman_n be_v prohibit_v and_o declare_v null_n this_o act_n be_v rescind_v in_o the_o general_a act_n rescissory_a 1661._o cap._n 15._o the_o annex_v property_n after_o dissolution_n may_v not_o be_v grant_v in_o ward_n or_o blensh_o except_o upon_o excambion_n for_o as_o good_a land_n par._n 1597._o cap._n 234._o 37._o feus_n of_o kirk_n land_n by_o prelate_n or_o other_o benefice_a person_n be_v grant_v by_o consent_n of_o their_o chapter_n with_o all_o requisite_a solemnity_n be_v esteem_v legal_a security_n without_o any_o particular_a confirmation_n by_o the_o king_n or_o pope_n there_o be_v no_o statute_n nor_o constitution_n oblige_v the_o subject_n thereto_o and_o in_o case_n any_o confirmation_n have_v be_v requisite_a the_o consent_n of_o the_o prince_n under_o his_o proper_a seal_n and_o subscription_n be_v sufficient_a par._n 1593._o cap._n 187._o yet_o it_o be_v the_o custom_n that_o the_o king_n or_o pope_n authority_n be_v interpose_v to_o all_o feus_n of_o kirk-land_n therefore_o all_o feus_n not_o confirm_v by_o the_o king_n or_o pope_n before_o the_o 8._o of_o march_n 1558._o or_o be_v thereafter_o not_o confirm_v by_o the_o king_n be_v declare_v null_n by_o exception_n par._n 1584._o cap._n 7._o the_o reason_n hereof_o be_v because_o in_o march_n 1558._o the_o reformation_n of_o religion_n begin_v to_o be_v public_o profess_v in_o scotland_n and_o the_o benefice_a person_n become_v hopeless_a to_o preserve_v their_o right_n of_o their_o kirk_n land_n and_o therefore_o endeavour_v to_o dilapidat_fw-la the_o same_o but_o this_o be_v find_v not_o to_o extend_v to_o a_o infeftment_n of_o a_o office_n as_o the_o office_n of_o forrestrie_n though_o it_o have_v land_n annex_v thereto_o and_o a_o threave_n of_o corn_n out_o of_o every_o husband_n land_n of_o the_o abbacy_n see_v the_o statute_n mention_v only_a feus_n of_o land_n and_o this_o be_v but_o like_o a_o thirlage_n 20._o of_o january_n 1666._o lord_n renton_n contra_fw-la fever_n of_o 〈◊〉_d it_o be_v also_o declare_v in_o the_o 7._o act_n par._n 1594._o that_o the_o old_a possessor_n be_v to_o have_v their_o confirmation_n for_o payment_n of_o the_o quadruple_a of_o their_o silver_n rend_v or_o the_o double_a of_o their_o ferm_n provide_v they_o seek_v the_o same_o within_o a_o year_n after_o the_o publication_n of_o that_o act_n otherways_o they_o be_v to_o pay_v the_o eight_o fold_n of_o the_o silver_n rend_v and_o the_o triple_a of_o the_o ferm_n and_o the_o king_n be_v thereby_o oblige_v to_o grant_v confirmation_n to_o the_o old_a possessor_n upon_o these_o term_n and_o be_v so_o confirm_v the_o same_o can_v not_o be_v question_v upon_o aleadge_v dimunition_n of_o the_o rental_a or_o conversion_n in_o money_n or_o any_o other_o cause_n of_o nullity_n invalidity_n or_o lesion_n or_o by_o any_o law_n canon_n or_o statute_n except_o improbation_n only_o and_o it_o be_v declare_v that_o confirmation_n by_o the_o king_n of_o posterior_n feus_n shall_v not_o perjudge_v the_o anterior_a feus_n grant_v by_o prelate_n and_o their_o convent_v with_o their_o common_a seal_n and_o subscription_n at_o any_o time_n be_v grant_v with_o consent_n of_o the_o king_n predecessor_n under_o their_o privy_a seal_n though_o without_o far_a confirmation_n by_o the_o king_n or_o pope_n par._n 1593._o cap._n 187._o the_o reason_n hereof_o be_v because_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o reformation_n most_o of_o the_o evident_n of_o kirk_n land_n be_v destroy_v and_o therefore_o the_o ancient_a possessor_n be_v presume_v by_o their_o very_a possession_n to_o have_v right_o and_o for_o clear_v who_o be_v the_o ancient_a possessor_n and_o what_o be_v kirk_n land_n it_o be_v declare_v by_o act_n of_o sederunt_fw-la 16._o of_o december_n 1612._o that_o ten_o year_n possossion_n before_o the_o reformation_n or_o thirty_o year_n possession_n thereafter_o but_o interruption_n shall_v be_v sufficient_a to_o stand_v for_o a_o right_n of_o kirk-land_n the_o same_o be_v possess_v as_o such_o and_o feu_n duty_n be_v pay_v to_o kirkman_n before_o the_o reformation_n or_o to_o the_o king_n or_o other_o have_v right_o from_o they_o after_o the_o reformation_n therefore_o it_o be_v so_o decide_v 5._o of_o july_n 1626._o laird_n of_o kerse_n contra_fw-la minister_n of_o alva_n though_o much_o strong_a probation_n of_o be_v part_n of_o a_o temporal_a barronie_n for_o long_a time_n be_v allege_v in_o the_o contrary_a hope_n earl_n of_o home_n contra_fw-la earl_n of_o balcleugh_n spot_n kirkman_n mr._n john_n hamiltone_n minister_n at_o linton_n contra_fw-la john_n tweedie_n second_o feus_n grant_v by_o prelate_n be_v null_a except_o they_o be_v expede_n by_o the_o consent_n of_o their_o chapter_n or_o convent_v par._n 1593._o cap._n 187._o three_o feus_n grant_v by_o the_o benefice_a person_n as_o of_o themselves_o they_o ought_v to_o have_v be_v without_o diminution_n of_o the_o rental_a see_v the_o property_n thereof_o be_v mortify_v to_o the_o kirk_n and_o the_o incumbent_n be_v but_o as_o liferenter_n administrator_n and_o tutor_n it_o be_v also_o express_o declare_v and_o statute_n that_o any_o diminution_n of_o the_o rental_a or_o change_v of_o victual_n for_o money_n or_o any_o other_o disposition_n make_v the_o benefice_n in_o a_o worse_a estate_n then_o at_o the_o kirk-mens_n entry_n shall_v be_v null_a par._n 1585._o cap._n 11._o 38._o infeftment_n in_o burgage_n be_v these_o which_o be_v grant_v to_o the_o burgh_n by_o the_o king_n as_o the_o common_a land_n or_o other_o right_n of_o the_o incorporation_n and_o that_o for_o burgal_o service_n in_o watch_v and_o ward_n within_o their_o burgh_n etc._n etc._n these_o can_v have_v no_o casualty_n because_o incorporation_n die_v not_o and_o so_o their_o land_n can_v never_o fall_v in_o ward_n or_o in_o nonentrie_n these_o infeftment_n in_o burgage_n be_v hold_v by_o the_o incorporation_n immediate_o of_o the_o king_n for_o burgal_n service_n watch_v and_o ward_n within_o burgh_n etc._n etc._n and_o the_o particular_a person_n infeft_v be_v the_o king_n immediate_a vassal_n and_o the_o baily_n of_o the_o burgh_n be_v the_o king_n baily_n and_o to_o the_o effect_n that_o such_o infeftment_n may_v be_v know_v it_o be_v declare_v that_o all_o seasine_n of_o burgage_n land_n shall_v only_o be_v give_v by_o the_o bailzie_n and_o common_a clerk_n thereof_o otherways_o the_o famine_n be_v declare_v null_n which_o seem_v to_o have_v give_v the_o rise_n to_o the_o exception_n in_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n anent_o registration_n of_o seasin_n that_o it_o shall_v not_o extend_v to_o seasin_n within_o burgh_n par._n 1567._o cap._n 27._o 39_o infeftment_n of_o mortisied_a land_n be_v these_o which_o be_v grant_v to_o the_o kirk_n or_o other_o incorporation_n have_v no_o other_o reddendo_fw-la than_o prayer_n and_o supplication_n and_o the_o like_a such_o be_v the_o mortification_n of_o the_o kirk-land_n grant_v by_o the_o king_n to_o kirk-man_n or_o grant_v by_o other_o private_a man_n to_o the_o provost_n and_o prebendar_n of_o college_n kirk_n found_v for_o sing_v or_o to_o chaplain_n preceptor_n or_o alterage_n in_o which_o the_o patronage_n remain_v in_o the_o mortifier_n 40._o of_o all_o these_o mortification_n there_o remain_v nothing_o now_o except_o the_o benefice_n of_o bishop_n dean_n and_o chapter_n and_o the_o manse_v and_o gleibs_n of_o minister_n which_o be_v rather_o allodial_a than_o feudal_n have_v no_o hold_v reddendo_fw-la or_o renovatione_fw-la yet_o be_v esteem_v as_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o mortification_n and_o therefore_o the_o liferent_a of_o the_o incumbent_n by_o be_v year_n and_o day_n at_o the_o horn_n fall_v to_o the_o king_n manse_v and_o gleibs_n do_v belong_v to_o parson_n viccar_n and_o other_o kirk-man_n before_o the_o reformation_n after_o which_o they_o be_v prohibit_v to_o set_v the_o same_o feu_fw-fr or_o in_o long_o tack_v without_o the_o royal_a assent_n and_o the_o minister_n be_v ordain_v to_o have_v the_o principal_a manse_n of_o the_o parson_n or_o vicar_n or_o so_o much_o thereof_o as_o shall_v be_v find_v sufficient_a whither_o
the_o say_n gleibs_n be_v set_v in_o feu_n or_o long_o tack_v before_o or_o not_o unless_o a_o sufficient_a manse_n be_v build_v by_o these_o who_o have_v right_a to_o the_o few_o or_o long_o tack_v par._n 1563._o cap._n 72._o which_o be_v explain_v par._n 1672._o cap._n 48._o that_o the_o manse_n either_o pertain_v to_o the_o parson_n or_o vicar_n most_o ew_a to_o the_o kirk_n shall_v belong_v to_o the_o minister_n and_o four_o aikers_n of_o land_n lie_v most_o ew_a to_o the_o say_v manse_n to_o be_v design_v by_o the_o bishop_n or_o superintendent_n at_o the_o visitation_n by_o advice_n of_o any_o two_o of_o the_o most_o honest_a and_o godly_a of_o the_o parochioner_n for_o want_v of_o this_o solemnity_n a_o designation_n be_v find_v null_a because_o it_o bear_v not_o two_o honestman_n by_o name_n require_v to_o join_v with_o the_o presbytery_n or_o their_o commissionersthough_n it_o bear_v that_o all_o the_o elder_n of_o the_o paroch_n be_v present_a and_o consent_v but_o name_v none_o spot_n kirk-man_n minister_n of_o lamingtoun_n contra_fw-la tweedie_n though_o parson_n or_o viccar_n manse_v may_v be_v design_v to_o be_v the_o manse_n of_o a_o minister_n yet_o no_o other_o house_n can_v be_v design_v though_o it_o be_v in_o a_o abbey_n but_o the_o parochioner_n must_v build_v one_o 11._o of_o february_n 1631._o minister_n of_o innerkeithing_n contra_fw-la john_n kerr_n if_o there_o be_v no_o manse_n nor_o gleib_n of_o old_a extend_v to_o four_o aikers_n of_o land_n than_o the_o designation_n be_v to_o be_v make_v of_o parson_n viccar_n abbot_n or_o prior_n land_n and_o fail_v thereof_o of_o bishop_n land_n friar_n land_n or_o any_o other_o kirk-land_n within_o the_o paroch_n aye_o and_o while_o the_o four_o aikers_n be_v complete_a with_o freedom_n of_o foggage_n pasturage_n fuel_n feal_z and_o divet_n par._n 1593._o cap._n 161._o by_o which_o there_o be_v a_o clear_a order_n of_o designation_n first_o of_o viccar_n and_o parson_n manse_v most_o ew_a and_o fail_v thereof_o of_o parson_n or_o viccar_n land_n fail_v these_o bishop_n land_n friar_n land_n or_o any_o other_o kirk-land_n as_o chaplanries_n prebendary_n which_o order_n be_v so_o find_v to_o be_v observe_v 13._o of_o july_n 1636._o thomas_n halyburton_n minister_n contra_fw-la john_n paterson_n and_o therefore_o a_o designation_n of_o a_o manse_n or_o gleib_n out_o of_o abbot_n land_n be_v annul_v because_o there_o be_v parson_n land_n in_o the_o paroch_n though_o they_o be_v build_v with_o house_n and_o feve_v for_o which_o the_o fever_n be_v oblige_v to_o acquire_v a_o gleib_n 24._o july_n 1629._o mr._n james_n nairn_n contra_fw-la mr._n james_n boswell_n the_o like_a though_o the_o land_n be_v few_v all_o before_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 25._o of_o january_n 1665._o parson_n of_o dysart_n contra_fw-la watson_n yet_o bishop_n land_n be_v ordain_v to_o be_v design_v before_o abbot_n land_n though_o they_o be_v name_v after_o in_o respect_n of_o their_o great_a interest_n in_o the_o cure_n nicol._n de_fw-fr sacro_fw-la sancta_fw-la ecclesia_fw-la 2._o of_o july_n 1622._o nicolson_n contra_fw-la porteous_n where_o there_o be_v not_o arable_a land_n near_o the_o kirk_n the_o geib_n be_v to_o be_v design_v of_o pasture_n land_n sufficient_a for_o 16_o soum_n most_o ew_a to_o the_o kirk_n par._n 1621._o cap._n 19_o the_o designation_n of_o manse_v and_o gleibs_n where_o they_o be_v not_o design_v or_o not_o a_o full_a quantity_n or_o be_v become_v unprofitable_a by_o inundation_n or_o other_o extraordinary_a accident_n be_v ordain_v to_o be_v out_o of_o the_o kirk-land_n most_o ew_a to_o the_o kirk_n according_a to_o the_o order_n in_o the_o act._n 1593._o burrowstoun_n kirk_n be_v always_o except_v yet_o a_o gleib_n be_v find_v competent_a to_o a_o minister_n of_o a_o burgh_n have_v a_o land-ward_n part_n of_o his_o parochin_n spot_n kirk-man_n mr._n robert_n ruch_o the_o designation_n of_o gleibs_n be_v commit_v to_o presbytery_n par._n 1644._o cap._n 31._o which_o be_v declare_v to_o be_v by_o three_o minister_n and_o three_o elder_n par._n 1649._o cap._n 31._o revive_v par._n 1663._o cap._n 20._o whereby_o designation_n be_v refer_v to_o the_o bishop_n or_o such_o minister_n as_o he_o shall_v appoint_v with_o two_o or_o three_o of_o the_o most_o know_v in_o the_o paroch_n in_o which_o act_v the_o power_n of_o designation_n be_v extend_v not_o only_o to_o kirk-land_n but_o where_o these_o be_v not_o to_o other_o land_n arable_a or_o grass_n ewe_v to_o the_o kirk_n provide_v that_o the_o heretor_fw-la thereof_o may_v offer_v other_o sufficient_a land_n and_o grass_n within_o half_a a_o mile_n of_o the_o kirk_n and_o manse_n and_o by_o the_o say_a act_n 1649._o there_o be_v add_v to_o the_o gleib_a pasturage_n for_o a_o horse_n and_o two_o cow_n which_o be_v find_v to_o be_v regulat_fw-la as_o the_o gleib_n before_o which_o be_v also_o revive_v par._n 1663._o cap._n 20._o with_o this_o alteration_n that_o if_o there_o be_v not_o kirk-land_n near_o the_o manse_n or_o be_v not_o arable_a land_n the_o heretor_n shall_v be_v liable_a to_o pay_v yearly_a to_o the_o minister_n twenty_o pound_n scot_n for_o his_o horse_n and_o kines_n grass_n and_o this_o act_n be_v declare_v to_o be_v as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v make_v in_o march_n 1649._o as_o to_o designation_n after_o 1649._o that_o parliam_fw-la be_v rescind_v without_o reservation_n contain_v in_o the_o act_n rescissory_a as_o be_v in_o the_o act_n rescissory_a of_o the_o other_o parliament_n save_v all_o private_a right_n do_v thereby_o but_o there_o be_v no_o warrant_n in_o any_o of_o these_o act_n to_o design_n temporal_a land_n where_o there_o be_v any_o church_n land_n and_o therefore_o a_o designation_n be_v reduce_v because_o temporal_a land_n be_v design_v and_o kirk-land_n pass_v by_o albeit_o the_o minister_n have_v be_v possessor_n decennalis_fw-la &_o triennalis_fw-la which_o give_v he_o a_o presumptive_a title_n because_o his_o designation_n which_o be_v the_o true_a title_n be_v produce_v february_n 6._o 1678._o lord_n forret_fw-la contra_fw-la mr._n john_n matter_n a_o gleib_n design_v be_v find_v to_o carry_v a_o proportional_a part_n of_o the_o common_a pasturage_n follow_v to_o the_o land_n design_v february_n 2._o 1630._o hamiltoun_n contra_fw-la tweedie_n designation_n of_o a_o gleib_n be_v sustain_v though_o it_o bear_v not_o the_o same_o to_o have_v be_v four_o aikers_n measure_v in_o respect_n it_o bear_v that_o the_o possessor_n servant_n hinder_v the_o measure_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v design_v according_a to_o the_o common_a estimat_fw-la july_n 5._o 1626._o kers_fw-mi contra_fw-la minister_n of_o alloway_n and_o also_o sustain_v though_o there_o be_v land_n near_a the_o kirk_n and_o manse_n which_o be_v bishop_n land_n see_v they_o be_v enclose_v as_o a_o part_n of_o the_o king_n park_n february_n 13._o 1629._o lady_n dumfermling_n contra_fw-la minister_n of_o dumfermling_n bat_n a_o designation_n be_v annul_v because_o there_o be_v a_o old_a gleib_n possess_v long_o by_o the_o incumbent_n be_v four_o aikers_n nicol._n de_fw-fr sacro_fw-la sanct_a eccles._n minister_n of_o aberdour_n contra_fw-la brown_n and_o ramsay_n a_o designation_n be_v sustain_v though_o there_o be_v only_o a_o nottar_n instrument_n without_o the_o subscription_n of_o three_o minister_n designer_n december_n 17._o 1664._o mr._n thomas_n paterson_n contra_fw-la watson_n here_o the_o minister_n designer_n their_o testificat_fw-la under_o their_o hand_n be_v ordain_v to_o be_v produce_v before_o extract_v a_o gleib_n be_v design_v be_v sustain_v though_o it_o be_v a_o unite_v kirk_n the_o other_o kirk_n have_v a_o gleib_n january_n 22_o 1631_o minister_n of_o innerkeithing_n contra_fw-la john_n keir_n a_o designation_n be_v also_o sustain_v though_o it_o proceed_v upon_o warning_n out_o of_o the_o pulpit_n or_o at_o the_o kirk-door_n after_o divine_a service_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o custom_n so_o to_o do_v though_o some_o of_o the_o most_o considerable_a heretor_n be_v out_o of_o the_o country_n january_n 28_o 1668_o minister_n of_o hassanden_n contra_fw-la the_o duke_n of_o bukcleugh_n it_o be_v also_o sustain_v though_o do_v but_o by_o two_o of_o the_o three_o minister_n name_v by_o the_o bishop_n without_o a_o quorum_n unless_o weighty_a reason_n upon_o the_o matter_n be_v show_v to_o the_o contrary_a february_n 7_o 1668_o minister_n of_o cockburnspeth_n contra_fw-la his_o parochioner_n manse_v &_o gleibs_n be_v design_v as_o say_v be_v the_o fevar_n possessor_n and_o tacksman_n have_v relief_n of_o the_o remnant_n parochioner_n have_v kirk-land_n pro_fw-la rata_fw-la par_fw-fr 1594_o cap_n 199_o which_o be_v extend_v to_o a_o 〈◊〉_d manse_n be_v design_v and_o the_o other_o kirk-land_n a_o part_n where_o of_o be_v mortify_v to_o and_o hold_v of_o a_o college_n do_v bear_v burden_n february_n 12_o 1635_o john_n cock_n contra_fw-la parochioner_n of_o auchtergivan_n but_o where_o old_a gleibs_n
be_v not_o know_v and_o if_o the_o warrandice_n be_v not_o absolute_a the_o purchaser_n hazard_n be_v the_o great_a but_o in_o warrandice_n of_o personal_a or_o redeemable_a right_n the_o matter_n be_v ordinary_o liquid_a and_o there_o be_v no_o design_n of_o hazard_n but_o a_o absolute_a relief_n but_o warrandice_n have_v no_o effect_n where_o there_o be_v collusion_n by_o be_v hold_v as_o confess_v nicol_n de_fw-fr evictione_n aikenhead_n contra_fw-la blackwood_n the_o like_a be_v find_v by_o suppress_v the_o warrander_n right_o and_o receive_v considerable_a sum_n therefore_o whereby_o the_o right_a warrant_a fall_v in_o consequence_n february_n 18._o 1679._o laird_n of_o wedderburn_n contra_fw-la sir_n robert_n sinclar_n march_n 3._o 1629._o murray_n contra_fw-la lord_n yester_n neither_o where_o eviction_n fall_v through_o default_n of_o the_o party_n warrant_v when_o have_v a_o disposition_n of_o ward-land_n with_o double_a infeftment_n he_o infeft_v himself_o base_a without_o the_o superior_n consent_n and_o thereby_o the_o land_n recognosce_v february_n 1._o 1610._o maxwel_o contra_fw-la mowbrey_n neither_o infer_v by_o the_o forefaulture_n of_o the_o disponer_n apparent_a heir_n see_v the_o fire_n omit_v to_o obtain_v the_o king_n confirmation_n which_o will_v have_v exclude_v the_o forefaulture_n hope_n warrandice_n hamilton_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o nidderie_n it_o be_v not_o so_o clear_a either_o in_o reason_n or_o practice_n whether_o warrandice_n takeseffect_n upon_o any_o other_o ground_n than_o what_o be_v or_o may_v be_v a_o ground_n of_o eviction_n to_o take_v away_o the_o right_n of_o the_o party_n by_o who_o the_o warrandice_n be_v grant_v judicial_o as_o when_o land_n be_v take_v away_o by_o innundation_n or_o be_v become_v barren_a or_o when_o a_o right_o assign_v with_o warrndice_n become_v ineffectual_a because_o the_o debtor_n be_v not_o solvendo_fw-la or_o when_o any_o accidental_a or_o extrujudicial_a distress_n or_o damnage_n befall_v to_o the_o party_n warrant_v through_o occasion_n of_o the_o ground_n of_o warrandice_n though_o not_o by_o legal_a eviction_n second_o whether_o warrandice_n take_v place_n when_o the_o right_o warrant_v be_v take_v away_o or_o burden_v by_o a_o subsequent_a law_n three_o whether_o warrandice_n in_o general_n will_v extend_v towards_o relief_n and_o it_o or_o to_o forefaulture_n of_o the_o warrant_n own_o superior_a as_o to_o the_o first_o warrandice_n relate_v to_o the_o point_n of_o right_n and_o not_o to_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n and_o therefore_o will_v not_o reach_v to_o accident_n the_o hazard_n whereof_o lie_v always_o upon_o the_o acquirer_n and_o the_o propriatar_n yea_o a_o clause_n of_o warrandice_n that_o land_n shall_v be_v worth_a so_o much_o yearly_a rent_n be_v not_o extend_v to_o desolation_n by_o famine_n march_v 10._o 1636._o lady_n dunipace_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o roviston_n it_o be_v also_o 〈◊〉_d that_o a_o cautioner_n be_v convene_v and_o through_o occasion_n of_o compearance_n be_v make_v prisoner_n in_o a_o ship_n take_v prize_n have_v thereby_o no_o interest_n upon_o the_o clause_n of_o warrandice_n to_o distress_n the_o principal_a for_o this_o accidental_a damnage_n james_n maxwel_n contra_fw-la james_n nisbit_n of_o ladytoun_n so_o that_o unless_o some_o what_o more_o be_v concur_v then_o the_o naked_a warrandice_n either_o by_o the_o value_n of_o the_o onerous_a cause_n for_o which_o the_o right_n be_v grant_v or_o tenor_n of_o the_o assignation_n it_o reach_v not_o the_o sufficiency_n of_o the_o debtor_n or_o the_o like_a point_n of_o fact_n as_o be_v spotswood_n opinion_n tit._n assignation_n and_o it_o be_v late_o find_v that_o where_o a_o creditor_n have_v give_v a_o blank_a assignation_n to_o a_o cautioner_n who_o have_v pay_v he_o with_o absolute_a warrandice_n that_o as_o to_o the_o cautioner_n to_o who_o it_o be_v gratuitous_a for_o the_o creditor_n to_o give_v such_o a_o warrandice_n import_v not_o the_o sufficiency_n of_o the_o debtor_n july_n 16._o 1663._o william_n hay_o contra_fw-la nicolson_n and_o mitchel_n it_o be_v also_o find_v that_o absolute_a warrandice_n in_o a_o asignation_n bear_v that_o the_o examine_v shall_v be_v good_a valid_a and_o effectual_a be_v not_o find_v to_o extend_v to_o the_o solvency_n of_o the_o debtor_n but_o only_o that_o the_o debt_n can_v not_o be_v exclude_v by_o any_o legal_a exception_n either_o from_o the_o cedent_n deed_n or_o otherwise_o as_o if_o the_o write_v assign_v have_v be_v false_a the_o cedent_fw-la not_o be_v accessary_a null_n or_o declare_v a_o public_a debt_n november_n 24._o 1671._o sir_n rober_n barclay_n of_o pearstoun_n contra_fw-la robert_n liddel_n which_o quadrat_n with_o lib._n 4._o ff_n de_fw-fr haereditate_fw-la et_fw-la actione_n vendita_fw-la venditore_fw-la nominis_fw-la tenetur_fw-la prestare_fw-la debitum_fw-la subesse_fw-la debitorem_fw-la vero_fw-la locupletem_fw-la esse_fw-la non_fw-la tenetur_fw-la prestare_fw-la as_o to_o the_o distress_n by_o subsequent_a law_n when_o these_o be_v by_o way_n of_o declarator_n of_o a_o anticedent_n right_o it_o be_v equivalent_a to_o a_o judicial_a eviction_n but_o when_o the_o law_n be_v statutory_a introduce_v a_o new_a burden_n as_o tax_n augmentation_n of_o minister_n stipend_n etc._n etc._n it_o be_v craig_n opinion_n diege_n de_fw-fr evictione_n §_o 6._o which_o he_o report_v as_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o session_n that_o in_o such_o case_n the_o warrant_n shall_v be_v liable_a in_o quantum_fw-la lucratus_fw-la est_fw-la but_o custom_n since_o have_v clear_v the_o contrary_a that_o warrandice_n be_v never_o extend_v to_o subsequent_a statutory_a law_n but_o that_o these_o be_v always_o upon_o the_o purchaser_n hazard_v and_o therefore_o a_o general_a clause_n of_o absolute_a warrandice_n be_v not_o extend_v to_o a_o burden_n impose_v by_o a_o subsequent_a law_n though_o there_o be_v a_o anterior_a abrogat_fw-la law_n to_o that_o same_o effect_n july_n 12._o 1667._o watson_n contra_fw-la law_n neither_o be_v extend_v to_o the_o make_v up_o of_o a_o gleib_n though_o it_o be_v by_o virtue_n of_o a_o prior_n law_n but_o the_o designation_n be_v after_o the_o disposition_n july_n 1._o 1676._o laird_n of_o auchintcul_fw-la contra_fw-la laird_n of_o inn_n yea_o absolute_a warrandice_n in_o a_o lady_n liferent_a which_o be_v most_o favourable_a be_v find_v not_o to_o extend_v to_o a_o augmentation_n of_o a_o minister_n stipend_n thereafter_o though_o ground_v upon_o a_o prior_n law_n march_v 27._o 1634._o lady_n dumfermling_n contra_fw-la she_o son_n but_o where_o a_o clause_n of_o warrandice_n do_v bear_v that_o a_o rental_a of_o a_o lady_n liferent_a shall_v be_v so_o much_o worth_a yearly_a it_o be_v find_v effectual_a to_o make_v up_o a_o abatment_n of_o the_o rental_a by_o a_o minister_n stipend_n modify_v thereafter_o july_n 28._o 1635._o lady_n cardross_n contra_fw-la she_o son_n or_o to_o the_o make_v up_o a_o reader_n stipend_n impose_v by_o a_o posterior_n law_n for_o in_o these_o case_n it_o be_v the_o special_a tenor_n of_o the_o clause_n to_o uphold_v the_o rental_a which_o will_v have_v be_v effectual_a not_o only_o as_o to_o eviction_n in_o jure_fw-la but_o as_o to_o distress_n in_o facto_fw-la by_o inundation_n devastation_n or_o the_o like_a the_o intent_n of_o absolute_a warrandice_n be_v only_o against_o legal_a eviction_n it_o do_v not_o extend_v to_o every_o burden_n that_o may_v affect_v the_o land_n as_o to_o a_o servitude_n of_o pasturage_n fuel_n feal_n or_o divet_n or_o to_o a_o thirlage_n of_o the_o land_n to_o the_o miln_n of_o the_o barony_n pay_v the_o ninteetnh_v corn_n june_n 21._o 1672._o sandelands_n contra_fw-la earl_n of_o haddingtoun_n absolute_a warrandice_n be_v sometime_o general_a and_o sometime_o special_a against_o ward_n relief_n and_o nonentry_n etc._n etc._n with_o a_o general_a clause_n and_o all_o other_o danger_n peril_n and_o inconvenience_n whatsoever_o as_o well_o not_o name_v as_o name_v etc._n etc._n as_o to_o which_o the_o general_a clause_n be_v not_o to_o be_v extend_v above_o the_o great_a of_o the_o special_a but_o the_o question_n arise_v if_o such_o clause_n will_v reach_v subsequent_a ward_n or_o marriage_n of_o the_o superior_a or_o to_o future_a porefaulture_n or_o recognition_n non-entry_n liferent-escheats_a &c._n &c._n it_o be_v certain_a that_o whatever_o of_o these_o burden_n besal_a by_o the_o fault_n of_o the_o warrant_n he_o must_v be_v liable_a therefore_o absolute_a warrandice_n be_v much_o strong_a than_o warrandice_n from_o fact_n and_o deed_n which_o reach_v not_o only_o to_o fact_n of_o commission_n but_o even_o to_o ommission_n of_o duty_n and_o therefore_o if_o the_o warrandice_n be_v but_o by_o the_o author_n and_o not_o by_o the_o superior_a these_o subsequent_a distress_n will_v not_o reach_v the_o author_n unless_o the_o clause_n bear_v express_o such_o distress_n past_a present_a or_o to_o come_v and_o so_o though_o the_o fee_n be_v extinct_a by_o the_o forefaulture_n or_o recognition_n of_o the_o superior_a or_o burden_v by_o his_o nonentry_n or_o remain_v at_o the_o
of_o tailzie_n name_v be_v find_v to_o give_v interest_n to_o that_o person_n as_o heir_n of_o tailzie_n to_o declare_v that_o the_o sum_n be_v unwarrantable_o uplift_v or_o pay_v without_o his_o consent_n or_o order_n of_o law_n by_o consign_v it_o to_o be_v employ_v in_o the_o same_o term_n and_o that_o though_o he_o be_v heir_n of_o tailzie_n to_o the_o uplifter_n that_o he_o be_v not_o oblige_v to_o fulfil_v his_o deed_n or_o warrant_v his_o discharge_n be_v contrair_a to_o the_o term_n of_o the_o tailzie_n as_o to_o which_o term_n he_o be_v creditor_n reserve_v always_o to_o lawful_a creditor_n how_o far_o they_o can_v affect_v the_o sum_n for_o the_o fiar_n debt_n february_n 3._o 1674._o drummond_n contra_fw-la drummond_n and_o a_o clause_n in_o a_o bond_n whereby_o a_o woman_n oblige_v herself_o to_o resign_v land_n in_o favour_n of_o herself_o and_o the_o heir_n of_o her_o body_n whilk_n fail_v to_o the_o heir_n of_o her_o father_n and_o obliege_v herself_o to_o do_v nothing_o contrary_a to_o that_o succession_n whereupon_o inhibition_n be_v use_v before_o her_o marriage_n be_v find_v effectual_a against_o she_o and_o her_o husband_n who_o she_o marry_v thereafter_o and_o dispone_v the_o land_n to_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n asbeing_n a_o voluntary_a deed_n without_o a_o equivalent_a cause_n onerous_a albeit_o the_o father_n heir_n behove_v to_o be_v the_o woman_n heir_n of_o tailzie_n january_n 28._o 1668._o alexander_n binnie_n contra_fw-la margaret_n binnie_n yet_o these_o restrict_a clause_n without_o irritancy_n though_o conceive_v as_o provision_n or_o condition_n if_o they_o be_v not_o in_o the_o investiture_n albeit_o they_o be_v in_o prior_n obligation_n disposition_n or_o contract_n there_o be_v no_o pretence_n thence_o to_o affect_v the_o fee_n as_o a_o real_a burden_n and_o even_o though_o they_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o investiture_n see_v clause_n irritant_fw-la use_n to_o be_v add_v thereto_o they_o be_v understand_v to_o be_v but_o personal_a obliegement_n whereupon_o no_o diligence_n have_v follow_v they_o can_v be_v effectual_a against_o singular_a successor_n whether_o by_o legal_a or_o voluntary_a disposition_n and_o as_o to_o such_o restriction_n with_o clause_n irritant_fw-la we_o shall_v add_v no_o more_o thereunto_o than_o what_o have_v be_v say_v property_n be_v thus_o constitute_v by_o infeftment_n it_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v what_o be_v the_o particular_n it_o comprehend_v and_o imply_v though_o not_o express_v wherein_o this_o be_v a_o general_a rule_n that_o land_n be_v dispone_v with_o part_n and_o pertinent_a all_o be_v carry_v thereby_o that_o fall_v under_o the_o denomination_n of_o the_o land_n dispone_v a_o caelum_fw-la ad_fw-la centrum_fw-la and_o all_o that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o disposition_n be_v accustom_v to_o follow_v it_o not_o only_o as_o servitude_n but_o even_o discontiguous_a parcel_n of_o land_n which_o be_v not_o know_v as_o distincta_fw-la tenementa_fw-la or_o part_n of_o any_o other_o tenement_n except_o what_o the_o law_n reserve_v or_o the_o express_a provision_n of_o the_o superior_a 60._o the_o law_n reserve_v all_o these_o thing_n which_o be_v call_v regalia_z or_o jura_n publica_fw-la which_o the_o law_n appropriate_v to_o prince_n and_o state_n and_o exemp_v from_o private_a use_n unless_o the_o same_o be_v express_o grant_v and_o dispone_v by_o the_o king_n and_o if_o the_o superior_a be_v a_o subject_a if_o he_o have_v any_o of_o these_o regalia_z from_o the_o king_n they_o remain_v with_o his_o superiority_n unless_o he_o express_o dispone_v they_o to_o his_o vassal_n the_o superior_a may_v have_v they_o from_o the_o king_n either_o express_o in_o any_o tenement_n hold_v of_o the_o king_n or_o tacit_o when_o land_n be_v erect_v by_o the_o king_n to_o he_o in_o a_o barony_n or_o any_o high_a dignity_n whereby_o many_o of_o these_o regalia_z be_v comprehend_v barronia_n be_v nomen_fw-la universitatis_fw-la yet_o that_o will_v not_o comprehend_v first_o mine_n and_o mineral_n of_o gold_n or_o silver_n or_o lead_v of_o that_o fineness_n that_o three_o half-penny_n of_o silver_n may_v be_v fine_v out_o of_o the_o pound_n of_o lead_n which_o mine_n be_v declare_v to_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n wherever_o they_o can_v be_v find_v par._n 1424._o cap._n 12._o but_o mine_n of_o iron_n copper_n and_o lead_n of_o less_o fineness_n belong_v to_o the_o proprietar_n and_o be_v not_o account_v with_o we_o regalia_z though_o in_o some_o other_o country_n they_o be_v second_o neither_o do_v treasure_n find_v in_o the_o ground_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n vassal_n though_o their_o land_n be_v erect_v in_o barony_n unless_o they_o be_v express_v a_o treasure_n be_v money_n hide_v in_o the_o ground_n the_o owner_n whereof_o be_v not_o know_v three_o though_o all_o proprietar_n have_v the_o privilege_n of_o fowl_v within_o their_o own_o ground_n yet_o swan_n be_v peculiar_o reserve_v to_o the_o king_n and_o therefore_o the_o privilege_n to_o kill_v swan_n be_v not_o carry_v under_o the_o name_n of_o barony_n unless_o they_o be_v particular_o express_v four_o confiscate_v good_n be_v not_o carry_v even_o under_o the_o name_n of_o barony_n unless_o they_o be_v express_v 61._o yet_o there_o be_v other_z regalia_z which_o be_v carry_v under_o the_o name_n of_o barony_n though_o not_o express_v as_o jurisdiction_n and_o court_n fortalices_n salmond_n fish_v forest_n and_o hunt_v of_o deer_n and_o port_n with_o their_o petty_a custom_n establish_v by_o the_o king_n grant_v or_o long_a possession_n for_o repair_v and_o uphold_v these_o port_n which_o therein_o differ_v from_o creik_n or_o station_n which_o be_v natural_a but_o port_n be_v build_v artificial_o and_o need_v reparation_n 62._o jurisdiction_n and_o court_n be_v comprehend_v in_o barony_n in_o so_o far_o as_o concern_v civil_a jurisdiction_n and_o bloodwit_n or_o lesser_a crime_n but_o will_v not_o reach_v to_o capital_a punishment_n unless_o the_o same_o be_v express_v as_o it_o use_v to_o be_v when_o the_o privilege_n of_o pit_n and_o gallow_n be_v express_v or_o out-sang_a and_o in-sang_a thief_n which_o seem_v to_o extend_v to_o the_o punish_v of_o no_o more_o crime_n but_o theft_n and_o these_o who_o have_v only_o in-sang_a theft_n can_v only_o punish_v thief_n take_v in_o the_o fact_n though_o court_n be_v express_v they_o will_v extend_v to_o nothing_o criminal_a no_o not_o to_o bloodwit_n unless_o these_o be_v express_v but_o only_o to_o civil_a debate_n requisite_a for_o the_o propriatar_n as_o to_o determine_v difference_n among_o his_o tenant_n neighbourhead_n multar_n and_o small_a matter_n or_o to_o constitute_v a_o bailie_n who_o may_v judge_v betwixt_o the_o propriatar_n and_o his_o tenant_n as_o to_o his_o rent_n duty_n and_o service_n and_o also_o may_v determine_v difference_n among_o his_o tenant_n but_o all_o jurisdiction_n be_v cumulative_a with_o and_o not_o exclusive_a of_o the_o superior_n jurisdiction_n so_o that_o there_o be_v place_n of_o prevention_n the_o first_o atatcher_n if_o he_o proceed_v be_v prefer_v and_o if_o the_o superior_a and_o vassall_n atatch_v together_o the_o superior_a be_v prefer_v 63._o the_o court_n of_o vassal_n though_o they_o be_v baron_n and_o have_v the_o privilege_n of_o capital_a punishment_n be_v not_o of_o the_o same_o extent_n and_o importance_n as_o the_o sentence_n of_o the_o judge_n ordinary_a of_o the_o kingdom_n such_o as_o sheriff_n stewart_n bailiff_n of_o royalty_n regality_n and_o burgh_n for_o first_o the_o extent_n of_o their_o jurisdiction_n be_v not_o so_o ample_a second_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o all_o baron_n and_o free_a holder_n be_v of_o old_a subordinat_a to_o the_o sheriff_n and_o other_o judge_n ordinary_a within_o who_o jurisdiction_n the_o land_n lay_v par._n 1503._o cap._n 95._o and_o then_o there_o be_v place_n for_o false_v of_o doom_n or_o appeal_v to_o the_o sheriff-court_n who_o be_v to_o warn_v the_o party_n upon_o fifteen_o day_n and_o make_v the_o suitor_n of_o the_o sheriffdom_n ward_n thereupon_o whereby_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o freeholders_n of_o the_o king_n who_o owe_v suit_n to_o the_o sheriff-court_n at_o least_o a_o inquest_n of_o they_o be_v to_o concur_v with_o the_o sheriff_n in_o discuss_v the_o appeal_n from_o the_o baron_n or_o freeholder_n but_o now_o these_o appeal_n or_o false_v of_o doom_n from_o any_o court_n to_o another_o have_v be_v antiquate_v and_o whole_o in_o desuetude_n since_o the_o introduction_n of_o advocati_fw-la once_o which_o be_v a_o far_o more_o excellent_a remeed_n for_o thereby_o cause_n be_v not_o stop_v at_o the_o choice_n or_o humour_n of_o party_n but_o the_o reason_n of_o advocation_n be_v special_o consider_v by_o the_o lord_n whether_o they_o be_v relevant_a and_o have_v such_o instruction_n as_o can_v be_v expect_v before_o discuss_v and_o the_o subject_n be_v further_o secure_v by_o the_o late_a act_n of_o parliament_n that_o poind_v can_v proceed_v without_o a_o charge_n
needs_o only_o take_v infeftment_n of_o the_o great_a interest_n 18._o the_o first_o and_o most_o common_a casuality_n of_o superiority_n be_v nonentry_n whereby_o the_o fee_n be_v void_a and_o no_o infeftment_n renew_v thereof_o through_o the_o vassal_n neglect_v be_v capable_a of_o entry_n thereto_o the_o profit_v thereof_o belong_v to_o the_o superior_a by_o the_o common_a feudal_n custom_n there_o be_v not_o only_o a_o investiture_n requisite_a at_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o fee_n but_o it_o behove_v to_o be_v renew_v either_o at_o the_o change_n of_o the_o vassal_n or_o at_o the_o change_n of_o the_o superior_a guidilinus_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la nov_fw-mi pars_fw-la 2._o cap._n 6._o zoesius_fw-la de_fw-la feudis_fw-la cap._n 12._o but_o our_o custom_n require_v no_o infeftment_n at_o the_o change_n of_o the_o superior_a but_o only_o at_o the_o change_n of_o the_o vassal_n for_o we_o require_v no_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n but_o fidelity_n itself_o be_v import_v due_a without_o a_o oath_n but_o elsewhere_o that_o oath_n be_v require_v and_o be_v personal_a it_o ought_v to_o be_v renew_v both_o at_o the_o change_n of_o the_o vassal_n and_o of_o the_o superior_a but_o with_o we_o there_o be_v no_o fee_n without_o infeftment_n nulla_fw-la sasina_fw-la nusla_fw-la terra_fw-la therefore_o the_o vassal_n must_v have_v the_o infeftment_n renew_v the_o renovation_n of_o infeftment_n to_o heir_n in_o france_n and_o england_n be_v not_o requisite_a but_o 〈◊〉_d sasit_fw-la 〈◊〉_d as_o they_o express_v it_o by_o which_o a_o special_a retour_fw-fr perfect_v the_o heir_n right_a in_o his_o fee_n with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o ease_n which_o be_v not_o consonant_a to_o the_o common_a feudal_n custom_n whereby_o if_o the_o vassal_n within_o year_n and_o day_n after_o his_o predecessor_n death_n require_v not_o to_o be_v enter_v by_o his_o superior_a and_o offer_v his_o fidelity_n he_o forefault_n his_o fee_n l._n 2._o feudorum_fw-la tit_n 24._o which_o severity_n we_o use_v not_o for_o the_o vassal_n lose_v not_o his_o fee_n by_o nonentry_n nor_o the_o whole_a fruit_n of_o it_o during_o that_o time_n but_o our_o custom_n be_v such_o if_o by_o any_o mean_v the_o fee_n be_v void_a the_o vassal_n right_o cease_v during_o that_o time_n and_o the_o fee_n be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o superior_a and_o therefore_o in_o retour_n to_o that_o article_n of_o the_o brieve_n it_o be_v answer_v that_o the_o land_n be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o such_o a_o man_n superior_a and_o though_o the_o infeftment_n of_o the_o predecessor_n against_o other_o than_o the_o superior_a be_v sufficient_a to_o maintain_v the_o right_n and_o possession_n of_o the_o vassal_n as_o to_o his_o superior_a it_o have_v no_o effect_n at_o all_o after_o special_a declarator_n till_o the_o vassal_n enter_v the_o fee_n may_v be_v thus_o void_a first_o by_o the_o minority_n of_o the_o heir_n whereby_o he_o can_v enter_v by_o reason_n of_o ward_n but_o this_o be_v express_v by_o the_o name_n of_o ward_n and_o nonentry_n though_o it_o may_v signify_v the_o fee_n be_v void_a whether_o necessary_o or_o voluntary_o yet_o it_o be_v appropriate_a to_o the_o latter_a and_o contra_fw-la distinguish_v to_o ward_n the_o fee_n become_v void_a by_o the_o voluntary_a outly_v of_o the_o vassal_n heir_n or_o by_o the_o vassal_n resignation_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o his_o superior_a for_o new_a infeftment_n to_o be_v give_v to_o himself_o or_o to_o any_o other_o for_o till_o that_o infeftment_n be_v take_v the_o fee_n be_v also_o in_o nonentry_n for_o in_o that_o case_n the_o resignation_n put_v the_o fee_n in_o the_o superior_n hand_n upon_o who_o there_o be_v a_o obligement_n to_o renew_v the_o infeftment_n to_o the_o person_n in_o who_o favour_n the_o resignation_n be_v grant_v upon_o which_o he_o may_v be_v compel_v by_o a_o personal_a action_n so_o to_o do_v and_o which_o be_v carry_v to_o that_o person_n heir_n by_o a_o general_a service_n as_o other_o personal_a heritable_a right_n or_o disposition_n 19_o or_o by_o the_o reduction_n or_o nullity_n of_o the_o infeftment_n or_o retour_fw-fr of_o any_o person_n former_o infeft_v which_o be_v more_o rigorous_a than_o the_o rest_n see_v the_o vassal_n have_v thereby_o a_o colourable_a title_n and_o be_v bonae_fw-la fidei_fw-la possessor_n see_v reduction_n use_v not_o to_o be_v draw_v back_o adpraeterita_fw-la so_o reduction_n of_o retour_n be_v sustain_v at_o the_o superior_n instance_n to_o give_v he_o the_o benefit_n of_o nonentry_n july_n 12._o 1625._o lord_n cathcart_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o kerse_n februany_n last_o 1628._o earl_n of_o nithisdail_n contra_fw-la westraw_n and_o therefore_o it_o must_v be_v consider_v what_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o right_n will_v import_v if_o nonentry_n have_v its_o rise_n from_o ingratitude_n or_o a_o penalty_n with_o we_o by_o the_o negligence_n of_o the_o vassal_n it_o can_v hardly_o take_v place_n in_o this_o case_n for_o unless_o such_o infeftment_n have_v proceed_v upon_o the_o fraud_n or_o gross_a ignorance_n of_o the_o vassal_n himself_o it_o can_v not_o be_v call_v voluntary_a nonentry_n which_o stand_v upon_o some_o informality_n unknown_a to_o the_o vassal_n or_o his_o predecessor_n but_o see_v the_o ground_n of_o this_o nonentry_n be_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o right_n which_o can_v consist_v without_o infeftment_n therefore_o by_o such_o nullity_n it_o must_v follow_v that_o while_o there_o be_v no_o infeftment_n or_o a_o nats_n infeftment_n the_o vassal_n have_v no_o interest_n neither_o will_v there_o be_v hazard_n of_o rigour_n because_o it_o can_v but_o extend_v to_o the_o retoured_a duty_n and_o be_v eleided_a by_o all_o the_o way_n that_o other_o non-entry_n be_v and_o special_o by_o the_o superior_n homologation_n of_o the_o infeftment_n if_o the_o nullity_n be_v in_o prejudice_n of_o the_o superior_a as_o when_o land_n be_v retour_v to_o less_o retour_fw-fr mail_n than_o the_o due_a or_o feu-duty_n or_o other_o duty_n in_o the_o reddenda_fw-la be_v diminish_v for_o it_o be_v not_o rare_a that_o that_o which_o be_v null_a as_o to_o some_o person_n and_o case_n may_v be_v valid_a as_o to_o other_o from_o these_o nullity_n be_v injury_n to_o the_o superior_a nonentry_n will_v follow_v if_o there_o be_v no_o valid_a seasine_n then_o nonentry_n will_v take_v place_n though_o charter_n and_o precept_n be_v grant_v voluntary_o see_v seasine_n be_v not_o take_v thereupon_o 20._o nonentry_n take_v place_n whenever_o the_o fee_n be_v void_a whether_o it_o be_v hold_v ward_n blanch_n or_o feu_n but_o that_o which_o be_v hold_v in_o burgage_n or_o be_v mortify_v require_v no_o renovation_n of_o the_o infeftment_n because_o society_n and_o incorporation_n die_v not_o which_o be_v extend_v to_o the_o particular_a tenement_n within_o burgh_n hold_v burgage_n which_o be_v thereby_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n and_o the_o magistrate_n of_o the_o burgh_n give_v the_o infeftment_n as_o his_o baily_n 21._o the_o effect_n of_o nonentry_n be_v attain_v by_o a_o declarator_n of_o nonentry_n the_o style_n whereof_o bear_v that_o the_o tenement_n be_v void_a by_o the_o death_n of_o such_o a_o person_n who_o die_v last_o infeft_v and_o aught_o to_o be_v so_o declare_v and_o that_o the_o fruit_n and_o profit_n thereof_o do_v belong_v to_o the_o superior_a by_o reason_n of_o nonentry_n yet_o because_o the_o case_n of_o the_o vassal_n be_v favourable_a decreet_a be_v only_o grant_v declare_v the_o nonentry_n and_o find_v only_o the_o feu-duty_n due_a in_o land_n hold_v feu_n july_n 19_o 1631._o earl_n of_o kinghorn_n contra_fw-la george_n strang_n or_o the_o retoured_a male_n in_o land_n hold_v ward_n or_o blansh_a which_o have_v any_o such_o retour_fw-fr or_o otherways_o the_o whole_a duty_n of_o the_o fee_n be_v carry_v the_o reason_n hereof_o be_v because_o feve_n be_v location_n and_o the_o feu-duty_n be_v the_o rent_n or_o pension_n and_o therefore_o in_o favorabilibus_fw-la that_o be_v interpret_v to_o be_v the_o rent_n so_o likewise_o in_o other_o land_n the_o retour_fw-fr be_v a_o valuation_n of_o the_o land_n as_o they_o be_v worth_a and_o pay_v at_o that_o time_n the_o first_o whereof_o be_v call_v the_o old_a extent_n and_o it_o be_v express_v by_o merk-land_n or_o pound-land_n the_o other_o be_v the_o new_a retour_fw-fr which_o though_o it_o be_v different_a in_o divers_a shire_n yet_o be_v once_o a_o rent_n in_o this_o favourable_a case_n the_o general_a declarator_n reach_v no_o further_o yea_o though_o there_o be_v no_o retour_fw-fr of_o the_o particular_a parcel_n of_o land_n in_o question_n yet_o if_o there_o be_v a_o retour_fw-fr of_o the_o tenement_n or_o barony_n whereof_o it_o be_v a_o part_n that_o common_a retour_fw-fr will_n be_v divide_v according_a to_o the_o present_a rent_n and_o a_o proportion_n thereof_o state_v upon_o this_o parcel_n as_o its_o retour_fw-fr as_o be_v find_v in_o the_o former_a case_n earl_n of_o kinghorn_n
exclude_v nonentry_n while_o they_o be_v allow_v by_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n as_o there_o be_v also_o show_v neither_o be_v it_o exclude_v by_o tact_n set_v by_o the_o vassal_n which_o though_o they_o stand_v as_o real_a right_n against_o purchaser_n by_o statute_n yet_o have_v no_o effect_n against_o superior_n in_o prejudice_n of_o their_o proper_a casualty_n neither_o be_v it_o elide_v by_o charter_n or_o precept_n grant_v by_o the_o superior_a though_o contain_v warrandice_n till_o infeftment_n thereupon_o march_v 20._o 1630._o john_n hay_o contra_fw-la laird_n of_o achname_n neither_o be_v it_o exclude_v by_o appryse_v and_o charge_v thereupon_o without_o offer_n of_o a_o year_n rend_v of_o the_o land_n or_o annualrent_a of_o the_o money_n feb._n 3._o 1681._o hendry_n keir_n contra_fw-la hendryson_n neither_o be_v it_o exclude_v because_o the_o vassal_n be_v not_o in_o mora_fw-la be_v hinder_v by_o a_o question_n of_o bastardy_n against_o he_o spot_n nonentry_n 〈…〉_z contra_fw-la naiper_n of_o wrightshouses_n nor_o do_v the_o vassal_n minority_n stop_v nonentry_n of_o land_n not_o be_v ward_n nor_o restore_v the_o minor_a as_o lese_v for_o as_o have_v be_v now_o show_v it_o be_v not_o the_o negligence_n of_o the_o vassal_n but_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o right_n that_o infer_v nonentry_n yet_o there_o be_v no_o doubt_n if_o it_o be_v by_o the_o superior_n fault_n it_o will_v be_v a_o personal_a exclusion_n against_o he_o nonentry_n be_v most_o favourable_a when_o extend_v as_o to_o the_o retoured_a duty_n but_o as_o to_o the_o full_a rent_n it_o be_v capable_a of_o many_o other_o exception_n and_o do_v not_o always_o run_v from_o the_o citation_n in_o the_o general_n declarator_n as_o if_o a_o superior_a raise_v his_o declarator_n and_o also_o reduction_n of_o the_o vassal_n seasine_n though_o he_o reduce_v the_o seasine_a he_o will_v not_o have_v the_o full_a rent_n till_o the_o decreet_a of_o reduction_n and_o declarator_n novemb_n 26_o 1672._o earl_n of_o argyle_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o macleud_n yea_o if_o the_o superior_a do_v not_o insist_v but_o only_o use_v citation_n which_o may_v be_v at_o the_o vassal_n dwell_v house_n and_o never_o come_v to_o knowledge_n or_o the_o vassal_n be_v a_o pupil_n without_o any_o tutor_n it_o be_v not_o like_o the_o lord_n will_v sustain_v the_o whole_a duty_n from_o the_o citation_n but_o from_o the_o time_n the_o vassal_n become_v contumacious_a and_o queensberry_n have_v interpose_v kelhead_n betwixt_o he_o and_o his_o vassal_n who_o thereupon_o pursue_v declarator_n of_o nonentry_n though_o the_o infeftment_n be_v find_v null_a yet_o the_o disposition_n be_v find_v to_o carry_v a_o gift_n to_o the_o casualty_n of_o the_o superiority_n and_o the_o vassal_n be_v only_o find_v liable_a for_o the_o rent_n after_o the_o interloquitor_n sustain_v the_o disposition_n as_o a_o gift_n of_o nonentry_n and_o where_o a_o tailzie_n be_v find_v to_o exclude_v a_o second_o branch_n so_o long_o as_o there_o be_v hope_n of_o a_o former_a branch_n the_o land_n be_v find_v in_o nonentry_n as_o to_o the_o retoured_a mail_n but_o not_o as_o to_o the_o full_a rent_n see_v the_o heir_n do_v not_o forbear_v to_o enter_v through_o wilfulness_n but_o of_o necessity_n julie_n 24._o 1677._o lord_n melvil_n and_o david_n melvil_n his_o son_n contra_fw-la sir_n william_n bruce_n and_o where_o a_o singular_a successor_n to_o the_o superior_a pursue_v nonentry_n it_o be_v not_o sustain_v till_o he_o produce_v his_o progress_n from_o the_o acknowledge_v superior_a the_o full_a duty_n be_v not_o find_v due_a from_o the_o citation_n julie_n 18._o 1680._o earl_n of_o queensberry_n contra_fw-la irwin_n of_o cove_n and_o craig_n relate_v that_o where_o the_o defunct_a die_v in_o battle_n for_o his_o superior_a nonentry_n shall_v have_v no_o place_n we_o shall_v not_o here_o speak_v of_o common_a exception_n which_o extinguish_v all_o right_n as_o prescription_n homologation_n or_o the_o privilege_n of_o these_o who_o be_v absent_a reipublicae_fw-la causa_fw-la as_o to_o the_o question_n whether_o nonentry_n subsequent_a to_o ward_n whereby_o the_o superior_a or_o his_o donatar_n be_v in_o possession_n require_v any_o declarator_n craig_n and_o skeen_n upon_o the_o word_n nonentry_n be_v for_o the_o negative_a and_o since_o had._n and_o durie_n observe_v march_v 23._o 1622._o lesly_n contra_fw-la pitcaple_n that_o the_o lord_n find_v that_o where_o the_o superior_a pursue_v both_o for_o the_o ward_n and_o subsequent_a nonentry_n that_o he_o or_o his_o donatar_n not_o be_v in_o possession_n by_o the_o ward_n behove_v to_o declare_v the_o nonentry_n which_o will_v only_o carry_v the_o retoured_a mail_n till_o declarator_n the_o next_o casuality_n of_o the_o superiority_n be_v the_o relief_n due_a by_o the_o vassal_n to_o his_o superior_a for_o his_o enter_v he_o in_o the_o fie_o as_o the_o lawful_a successor_n of_o the_o vassal_n and_o though_o relee_v be_v only_o considerable_a in_o ward-holdings_a and_o use_n to_o be_v subjoin_v to_o ward_n yet_o all_o fies_z which_o require_v renovation_n be_v liable_a to_o relief_n and_o therefore_o relief_n be_v here_o immediate_o subjoin_v to_o nonentry_n 26._o relief_n be_v general_o treat_v upon_o by_o the_o fewdists_n the_o original_a whereof_o cujace_n ascribe_v to_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o emperor_n leo_n extant_a in_o the_o novel_n bear_v it_o to_o be_v the_o custom_n of_o several_a place_n that_o the_o superior_a shall_v have_v that_o year_n rend_v in_o which_o he_o receive_v a_o new_a vassal_n in_o his_o clientel_n which_o therefore_o by_o most_o of_o the_o feudal_n custom_n be_v extend_v to_o the_o singular_a successor_n of_o the_o vassal_n who_o in_o some_o place_n pay_v for_o their_o entry_n the_o five_o of_o the_o price_n of_o the_o fie_o and_o a_o five_o of_o that_o five_o whereby_o if_o the_o price_n be_v 100_o crown_n the_o composition_n for_o the_o entry_n will_v be_v 24._o crown_n 27._o but_o by_o the_o custom_n of_o england_n and_o france_n the_o heir_n of_o the_o vassal_n if_o he_o be_v minor_a pay_v no_o relief_n but_o he_o and_o his_o fie_o be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o superior_a as_o in_o ward_n or_o custody_n whereby_o the_o superior_a have_v the_o whole_a profit_n more_o than_o be_v fit_a for_o the_o education_n and_o entertainment_n of_o the_o minor_a valsal_n which_o cease_v with_o his_o majority_n and_o there_o be_v no_o relief_n due_a but_o if_o the_o vassal_n heir_n at_o his_o death_n be_v major_a his_o fie_o be_v liable_a to_o his_o superior_a for_o relief_n which_o distinction_n be_v mention_v in_o the_o english_a magna_fw-la charta_fw-la the_o quantity_n of_o the_o relief_n by_o heir_n in_o england_n be_v in_o ward-holdings_a or_o military_a fies_z 100_o pound_n sterling_a for_o a_o earldom_n 100_o mark_n for_o a_o baronry_n and_o 100_o shilling_n for_o any_o other_o military_a fie_o which_o be_v oblige_v to_o maintain_v one_o soldier_n and_o if_o the_o fie_o be_v less_o and_o liable_a only_o for_o a_o share_n of_o the_o entertainment_n of_o a_o soldier_n it_o be_v liable_a proportional_o relief_n by_o the_o custom_n of_o france_n be_v for_o a_o barony_n 100_o frank_n and_o for_o any_o other_o military_a fie_o 15._o but_o if_o it_o answer_v not_o to_o the_o entertainment_n of_o one_o soldier_n it_o pay_v for_o every_o aiker_n 12._o denier_n but_o if_o it_o be_v not_o a_o military_a fie_o but_o that_o which_o the_o english_a call_v sockage_n the_o reddendo_fw-la whereof_o be_v not_o military_a service_n but_o some_o other_o payment_n or_o performance_n which_o be_v double_v the_o first_o year_n after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o vassal_n the_o one_o half_a thereof_o be_v the_o relief_n which_o be_v a_o real_a burden_n for_o which_o the_o superior_a may_v poynd_v or_o distrenzie_a all_o good_n upon_o the_o ground_n but_o as_o to_o singular_a successor_n the_o most_o ancient_a feudal_n custom_n make_v they_o only_o to_o descend_v to_o the_o issue_n of_o the_o first_o vassal_n who_o collateral_n have_v no_o right_n but_o be_v like_o our_o kindly_a tenant_n by_o the_o propinquity_n of_o blood_n yet_o by_o the_o favour_n of_o the_o superior_a they_o be_v ofttimes_o admit_v in_o the_o lie_n and_o be_v only_o liable_a for_o relief_n if_o the_o superior_a do_v receive_v a_o stranger_n upon_o the_o resignation_n of_o his_o vassal_n he_o be_v to_o pay_v a_o relief_n which_o in_o some_o place_n be_v the_o fifty_o part_n of_o the_o price_n and_o by_o the_o custom_n of_o france_n it_o be_v the_o thirteen_o part_n from_o the_o original_a of_o relief_n the_o reason_n of_o its_o name_n may_v be_v conjecture_v and_o these_o who_o appropriate_v it_o to_o ward-holdings_a interpret_v it_o to_o be_v call_v relief_n from_o redeem_v or_o relieve_v the_o fie_v out_o of_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o superior_a but_o relief_n be_v a_o general_a feudal_n name_n and_o many_o nation_n not_o allow_v the_o
old_a it_o be_v otherways_o and_o that_o the_o superior_a have_v the_o ward_n with_o the_o burden_n of_o entertain_v the_o heir_n and_o with_o the_o pay_n of_o the_o annualrent_n of_o his_o heritable_a debt_n and_o that_o the_o custom_n of_o ward_n in_o france_n be_v such_o yet_o there_o be_v no_o appearance_n that_o the_o custom_n have_v ever_o be_v so_o with_o we_o since_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n malcolm_n who_o give_v out_o all_o his_o land_n to_o his_o subject_n and_o reserve_v only_o to_o himself_o for_o sustain_v of_o the_o royal_a dignity_n the_o ward_n and_o marriage_n of_o his_o vassal_n which_o at_o that_o time_n be_v very_o considerable_a when_o most_o of_o all_o the_o land_n in_o scotland_n be_v hold_v by_o simple_a ward_n but_o since_o a_o great_a part_n have_v be_v change_v into_o blensh_n or_o tax_v ward_n or_o give_v out_o in_o burgage_n and_o mortification_n or_o in_o feve_n the_o casuality_n of_o ward_n may_v be_v enjoy_v immediate_o by_o the_o superior_a but_o be_v more_o ordinary_o gift_v to_o donatar_n not_o only_o by_o the_o king_n but_o by_o other_o superior_n which_o donatar_n may_v do_v whatsoever_o the_o superior_a himself_o may_v because_o they_o act_n by_o his_o right_n and_o be_v in_o effect_n his_o assigney_n so_o that_o if_o gift_n be_v grant_v to_o more_o donatar_n the_o first_o intimation_n or_o diligence_n will_v be_v prefer_v gift_n of_o ward_n and_o nonentry_n be_v accustom_v of_o old_a to_o be_v grant_v by_o the_o exchequer_n together_o bearing_z not_o only_o for_o bygone_n but_o for_o time_n come_v till_o the_o entry_n of_o the_o 〈◊〉_d heir_n or_o heir_n and_o albeit_o gift_n of_o ward_n run_v still_o in_o the_o same_o style_n yet_o by_o the_o act_n and_o custom_n of_o exchequer_n ward_n and_o nonentry_n be_v several_a casualty_n and_o pass_v by_o several_a gift_n and_o notwithstanding_o the_o foresay_a clause_n the_o gift_n of_o ward_n reach_v only_o during_o the_o time_n of_o the_o ward_n and_o three_o term_n thereafter_o if_o the_o land_n run_v in_o nonentry_n but_o ward_n be_v not_o find_v to_o give_v right_a to_o three_o term_n full_a rent_n here_o the_o donatar_n be_v not_o in_o possession_n during_o the_o ward_n novemb_n 2._o 1680._o laird_n of_o dun_n contra_fw-la viscount_n of_o arbuthnet_n and_o albeit_o the_o gift_n contain_v relief_n yet_o that_o casuality_n as_o hope_n observe_v be_v always_o demand_v by_o the_o exchequer_n and_o count_v for_o by_o the_o sheriff_n be_v but_o a_o small_a duty_n of_o the_o retoured_a mail_n as_o the_o gratuity_n to_o the_o superior_a at_o the_o vassal_n entry_n in_o that_o same_o place_n he_o say_v that_o under_o the_o gift_n of_o a_o simple_a ward_n be_v not_o comprehend_v tax_v ward_n which_o be_v tax_v be_v as_o a_o feu_fw-fr duty_n and_o rather_o as_o a_o part_n of_o the_o king_n ordinar_n revenue_n than_o a_o casuality_n upon_o which_o ground_n the_o earl_n of_o kinghorn_n as_o tutor_n to_o the_o earl_n of_o errol_n have_v get_v a_o gift_n of_o his_o ward_n without_o mention_n of_o taxt-ward_n he_o be_v necessitat_fw-la again_o to_o take_v a_o new_a gift_n for_o the_o taxt-ward_n and_o give_v a_o considerable_a composition_n and_o do_v not_o adventure_v to_o put_v the_o matter_n to_o debate_v before_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n whether_o his_o first_o gift_n will_v have_v be_v extend_v to_o taxt-ward_n or_o not_o 37._o the_o four_o casuality_n of_o superiority_n be_v the_o interest_n of_o superior_n in_o the_o marriage_n of_o their_o ward-vassal_n which_o do_v arise_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o feudal_n contract_n in_o proper_a fee_n whereby_o the_o vassal_n owe_v the_o superior_a faithfulness_n and_o military_a service_n and_o be_v thereby_o in_o his_o clientele_n which_o can_v import_n no_o more_o then_o that_o he_o shall_v not_o contract_v affinity_n by_o marriage_n with_o any_o that_o be_v in_o enmity_n with_o his_o superior_a for_o thereby_o his_o fidelity_n may_v become_v suspect_v which_o will_v take_v place_n not_o only_o in_o the_o first_o marriage_n of_o the_o vassal_n but_o as_o to_o any_o subsequent_a marriage_n though_o he_o have_v succession_n by_o a_o former_a marriage_n and_o may_v take_v place_n in_o the_o marriage_n of_o the_o vassal_n elder_a son_n even_o in_o his_o life_n and_o may_v be_v consider_v as_o a_o act_n of_o ingratitude_n if_o the_o enmity_n betwixt_o the_o superior_a and_o the_o family_n with_o who_o the_o vassal_n be_v to_o marry_v be_v know_v to_o he_o and_o may_v import_v a_o breach_n of_o his_o fidelity_n if_o the_o superior_a do_v prohibit_v he_o to_o match_v with_o that_o family_n which_o be_v in_o open_a and_o know_v enmity_n to_o he_o the_o superior_a might_n also_o have_v interest_n in_o his_o vassal_n marriage_n when_o he_o have_v the_o custody_n of_o his_o person_n as_o a_o tutorial_n trust_v for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o vassal_n 38._o but_o time_n and_o custom_n have_v give_v superior_n asleep_o far_o different_a interest_n in_o the_o marriage_n of_o their_o vassal_n here_o and_o in_o england_n of_o which_o there_o be_v no_o mention_n in_o the_o common_a feudal_n custom_n nor_o be_v it_o in_o use_n in_o other_o kingdom_n for_o albeit_o by_o the_o custom_n of_o france_n female_a heir_n in_o the_o king_n custody_n must_v require_v the_o consent_n of_o the_o king_n or_o his_o procurator_n yet_o the_o not_o do_v so_o infer_v not_o the_o value_n of_o their_o marriage_n as_o in_o england_n and_o with_o we_o it_o be_v become_v a_o power_n in_o the_o superior_a to_o exact_v out_o of_o his_o vassal_n fee_n the_o value_n of_o a_o tocher_n suitable_a to_o the_o whole_a mean_n and_o estate_n of_o the_o vassal_n if_o he_o marry_v without_o his_o consent_n and_o the_o double_a value_n be_v solemn_o require_v to_o marry_v a_o suitable_a person_n without_o disparagement_n if_o he_o do_v not_o obey_v but_o marry_o another_o this_o custom_n be_v introduce_v in_o england_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o three_o it_o be_v common_o hold_v to_o have_v be_v introduce_v in_o scotland_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n malcolm_n the_o second_o who_o give_v out_o all_o his_o land_n in_o scotland_n in_o fee_n and_o reserve_v to_o himself_o for_o the_o ordinar_n support_v of_o the_o royal_a dignity_n the_o ward_n and_o marriage_n of_o his_o vassal_n whence_o the_o marriage_n be_v design_v as_o a_o profit_n to_o the_o crown_n and_o by_o example_n be_v derive_v to_o the_o subject_n who_o give_v their_o land_n ward_n be_v understand_v to_o give_v the_o same_o with_o the_o like_a privilege_n of_o the_o value_n of_o their_o vassal_n marriage_n which_o do_v never_o take_v effect_n till_o the_o vassal_n be_v major_a for_o during_o his_o minority_n his_o superior_a or_o his_o donatar_n have_v the_o full_a profit_n of_o his_o fee_n over_o and_o above_o the_o expense_n of_o his_o education_n and_o mentainance_n according_a to_o the_o vassal_n quality_n if_o he_o have_v no_o other_o estate_n which_o be_v not_o ward_n the_o profit_n whereof_o may_v be_v sufficient_a to_o entertain_v and_o educate_v he_o or_o in_o so_o far_o as_o these_o profit_n come_v short_a for_o no_o minor_a be_v oblige_v to_o spend_v his_o stock_n upon_o his_o mentainance_n nor_o may_v his_o tutor_n or_o curator_n secure_o do_v the_o same_o therefore_o the_o true_a interest_n of_o superior_n in_o their_o vassal_n marriage_n shall_v now_o be_v the_o tocher_n suitable_a to_o the_o vassal_n estate_n marry_v after_o his_o predecessor_n death_n if_o he_o have_v not_o be_v marry_v before_o for_o the_o value_n of_o the_o marriage_n be_v due_a but_o once_o and_o not_o for_o every_o marriage_n if_o the_o first_o marriage_n fall_v not_o after_o the_o defunct_a vassal_n death_n it_o shall_v not_o be_v demand_v nor_o any_o account_n call_v for_o of_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o marriage_n fall_v before_o he_o can_v be_v vassal_n though_o it_o have_v be_v claim_v where_o the_o vassal_n be_v widow_n at_o his_o predecessor_n death_n have_v no_o child_n of_o the_o former_a marriage_n but_o it_o come_v not_o to_o be_v determine_v by_o the_o session_n though_o it_o be_v demand_v by_o the_o commissioner_n of_o the_o thesaury_n from_o sir_n robert_n barcley_n of_o pearstoun_n and_o albeit_o the_o vassal_n never_o marry_v yet_o if_o he_o be_v solemn_o require_v by_o instrument_n to_o marry_v a_o suitable_a person_n without_o disparagement_n if_o he_o live_v to_o his_o majority_n though_o he_o never_o marry_v his_o fee_n will_v be_v liable_a to_o the_o value_n of_o his_o marriage_n albeit_o he_o willing_o lie_v out_o uninfeft_v not_o by_o the_o superior_n fault_n but_o his_o own_o for_o though_o creditor_n have_v a_o remeid_v by_o a_o charge_n to_o enter_v heir_n within_o forty_o day_n with_o certification_n that_o all_o execution_n shall_v pass_v as_o if_o the_o debtor_n be_v enter_v yet_o there_o
of_o their_o estate_n which_o ostentimes_o be_v dispone_v nomine_fw-la dotis_fw-la but_o only_o such_o a_o sum_n for_o they_o all_o as_o will_v have_v be_v modify_v for_o the_o marriage_n of_o one_o man_n as_o be_v find_v in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o heir_n of_o fairly_n and_o thorniedikes_n and_o so_o be_v find_v june_n 14._o 1673._o mr._n george_n gibson_n contra_fw-la janet_n ramsay_n 43._o but_o the_o marriage_n of_o heir_n be_v debitum_fw-la fundi_fw-la and_o the_o tenants_n good_n may_v be_v poind_v therefore_o for_o their_o term_n mail_n or_o otherways_o the_o ground-right_a and_o property_n may_v be_v apprise_v both_o be_v do_v after_o the_o ward_n be_v end_v which_o in_o man_n be_v at_o the_o age_n of_o twenty_o one_o complete_a and_o in_o woman_n at_o the_o age_n of_o fourteen_o complete_a this_o apprize_a or_o adjudication_n will_v be_v draw_v back_o to_o the_o time_n that_o the_o marriage_n be_v due_a and_o prefer_v to_o any_o legal_a diligence_n since_o that_o time_n as_o all_o appryzing_n super_fw-la debito_fw-la fundi_fw-la be_v december_n 17._o 1673._o patrick_n hadden_n contra_fw-la john_n moor._n but_o it_o do_v not_o affect_v the_o appearand_a heir_n personal_o not_o be_v in_o possession_n nor_o be_v the_o tocher_n he_o get_v after_o his_o predecessor_n death_n account_v as_o a_o part_n of_o his_o estate_n be_v marriageable_a before_o that_o time_n but_o only_o the_o estate_n he_o have_v when_o he_o marry_v or_o be_v require_v to_o marry_v january_n 5._o 1681._o laird_n of_o dun_n contra_fw-la viscount_n of_o arbuthnet_n 44._o the_o value_n of_o the_o marriage_n be_v jus_o indivisibile_fw-la and_o belong_v not_o to_o every_o superior_a of_o who_o the_o vassal_n hold_v ward-land_n but_o to_o the_o most_o ancient_a superior_a 45._o the_o king_n by_o his_o royal_a prerogative_n have_v the_o marriage_n of_o the_o ward-vassal_n whensoever_o he_o become_v immediate_a superior_a if_o before_o the_o marriage_n fall_v due_a though_o the_o land_n hold_v of_o the_o king_n be_v tax_v to_o a_o small_a sum_n for_o the_o marriage_n july_n 19_o 1672._o earl_n of_o argile_n contra_fw-la mcleod_n and_o though_o the_o vassal_n hold_v some_o land_n of_o the_o king_n simple_a ward_n and_o other_o tax_v ward_n the_o full_a value_n be_v due_a but_o the_o tax_v value_n be_v deduce_v as_o a_o part_n of_o it_o february_n 24._o 1675._o king_n advocate_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o innernytie_n yea_o a_o marriage_n be_v find_v due_a by_o a_o vassal_n in_o the_o principality_n albeit_o he_o hold_v land_n immediate_o of_o the_o king_n tax_v ward_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o nonexistence_n of_o a_o prince_n during_o which_o the_o king_n act_v not_o as_o administrator_n or_o curator_n hareditatis_fw-la jacentis_fw-la of_o the_o prince_n but_o proprio_fw-la jure_fw-la as_o sovereign_a prince_n and_o stewart_n of_o scotland_n jan._n 1680._o sir_n william_n purves_n contra_fw-la the_o laird_n of_o lus._n 46._o a_o marriage_n be_v find_v due_a by_o the_o heir_n of_o a_o appryzer_n who_o die_v infeft_v albeit_o within_o the_o legal_a unless_o the_o apprize_a be_v prove_v to_o be_v satisfy_v in_o the_o defunct_a vassal_n time_n july_n 13._o 1680._o king_n advocate_n contra_fw-la zeaman_n of_o dryburgh_n to_o come_v now_o to_o the_o exception_n exclusive_a of_o the_o value_n of_o marriage_n it_o be_v not_o find_v relevant_a that_o the_o vassal_n die_v in_o the_o war_n by_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1641._o see_v there_o be_v a_o pacification_n after_o that_o act_n and_o it_o be_v not_o renew_v thereafter_o july_n 9_o 1672._o lord_n hattoun_n contra_fw-la earl_n of_o northesk_n neither_o because_o the_o vassal_n die_v in_o the_o king_n service_n see_v the_o act_n to_o that_o purpose_n be_v only_o temporary_a january_n 20._o 1681._o captain_n paterson_n contra_fw-la tweedie_n of_o whitehaugh_n the_o next_o exception_n be_v the_o consent_n of_o the_o superior_a which_o be_v not_o infer_v by_o the_o superior_n be_v present_a at_o the_o marriage_n as_o be_v find_v in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o argile_n contra_fw-la m`naughtoun_n nor_o by_o receive_v a_o vassal_n upon_o apprize_a neither_o by_o enter_v the_o vassal_n heir_n though_o without_o reservation_n these_o be_v act_n to_o which_o the_o superior_a may_v be_v compel_v by_o charge_n of_o horning_n upon_o appryzing_n or_o on_o precept_n out_o of_o the_o chanclery_n upon_o retour_n even_o though_o these_o be_v not_o actual_o use_v but_o that_o the_o superior_a give_v precept_n of_o clare_v constat_fw-la yea_o his_o subscrive_a witness_n in_o the_o vassal_n contract_v of_o marriage_n after_o gift_v of_o the_o same_o be_v not_o sustain_v feb._n 25._o 1662._o 〈◊〉_d contra_fw-la keiths_n so_o that_o it_o seem_v no_o less_o than_o a_o consent_n as_o superior_a will_v exclude_v the_o marriage_n the_o most_o exception_n be_v upon_o the_o informality_n of_o the_o instrument_n of_o requisition_n but_o the_o most_o ordinary_a and_o material_a exception_n be_v disparagement_n which_o do_v not_o consist_v in_o equality_n of_o estate_n or_o tocher_n but_o in_o the_o inequality_n of_o blood_n wherein_o if_o a_o zeaman_n be_v offer_v to_o a_o burgess_n or_o a_o burgess_n to_o a_o baron_n it_o be_v common_o interpret_v disparagement_n but_o a_o baron_n to_o any_o superior_a dignity_n of_o a_o subject_a import_v no_o disparagement_n or_o if_o there_o be_v great_a disparity_n in_o age_n or_o that_o the_o party_n offer_v have_v any_o considerable_a defect_n as_o the_o want_n of_o a_o member_n or_o have_v any_o loathsome_a or_o perpetual_a disease_n which_o be_v all_o the_o ground_n of_o disparagement_n mention_v by_o craig_n buthe_n think_v not_o claudication_n to_o infer_v disparagement_n and_o it_o be_v like_a as_o to_o the_o single_a value_n the_o disparagement_n behove_v to_o be_v very_o gross_a but_o as_o to_o the_o double_a value_n any_o just_a ground_n of_o aversion_n seem_v to_o be_v be_v sufficient_a as_o deformity_n even_o hardness_n of_o favour_n or_o any_o vulgar_a reproach_n of_o inchastity_n insobriety_n or_o other_o vice_n it_o will_v also_o be_v a_o temporal_a exception_n if_o requisition_n be_v make_v before_o the_o vassal_n be_v marriageable_a which_o be_v the_o age_n of_o fourteen_o complete_a in_o man_n and_o twelve_o complete_a in_o woman_n which_o may_v become_v a_o absolute_a exclusion_n if_o the_o party_n so_o require_v die_v unmarried_a and_o though_o the_o party_n marry_v to_o another_o it_o will_v but_o infer_v the_o single_a value_n the_o value_n of_o marriage_n be_v due_a to_o the_o superior_a if_o the_o heir_n be_v not_o marry_v at_o his_o predecessor_n death_n whether_o minor_a or_o major_a marry_v without_o consent_n of_o the_o superior_a or_o his_o donatar_n or_o that_o be_v or_o become_v major_a and_o require_v they_o marry_v not_o at_o all_o 48._o the_o last_o common_a casuality_n of_o superior_n be_v the_o liferent-escheat_n of_o the_o vassal_n when_o the_o vassal_n be_v denunce_v rebel_n for_o disobedience_n of_o the_o law_n which_o because_o it_o be_v intimate_v by_o three_o blast_n of_o a_o horn_n be_v call_v horning_n if_o he_o continue_v so_o unrestored_a or_o unrelax_v year_n and_o day_n his_o liferent_a be_v escheat_n or_o foresault_v unto_o his_o several_a superior_n of_o who_o he_o hold_v his_o fee_n this_o may_v seem_v a_o penalty_n for_o disobedience_n to_o law_n and_o be_v so_o as_o to_o fee_n hold_v of_o the_o king_n yet_o if_o it_o have_v no_o other_o ground_n the_o liferent_a can_v not_o befall_v to_o the_o superior_a but_o to_o the_o king_n who_o command_n be_v disobey_v as_o forefaulture_n and_o single_a escheat_n do_v but_o the_o original_n of_o it_o be_v that_o rebellion_n be_v like_a capitis_fw-la diminutio_fw-la or_o civitatis_fw-la amissio_fw-la among_o the_o roman_n whereby_o such_o person_n can_v stand_v in_o judgement_n and_o they_o be_v civiliter_fw-la mortui_fw-la and_o thereby_o their_o fee_n become_v void_a and_o return_v to_o their_o superior_n and_o so_o be_v declare_v parl._n 1535._o cap._n 31._o 49._o liferent-escheat_n carry_v the_o profit_n of_o all_o fee_n and_o liferent_n whether_o constitute_v by_o conjunct-fee_n infeftment_n terce_n or_o liferent-tack_n during_o the_o life_n of_o the_o rebel_n have_v remain_v year_n and_o day_n at_o the_o horn_n though_o thereafter_o he_o be_v relax_v during_o his_o natural_a life_n even_o though_o he_o be_v not_o infeft_v and_o enter_v as_o heir_n the_o time_n of_o his_o denunciation_n july_n 3._o 1624._o moor_n contra_fw-la hannay_n and_o the_o earl_n of_o galloway_n yea_o though_o there_o be_v no_o infeftment_n if_o by_o contract_n or_o disposition_n there_o be_v any_o heritable_a right_n or_o life-rent_a provide_v even_o though_o there_o be_v no_o infeftment_n require_v as_o a_o terce_n by_o paction_n without_o service_n or_o ken_n hope_v horning_n maxwel_n and_o gordoun_n contra_fw-la lochinvar_n so_o life-rent_a tack_n of_o land_n or_o teind_n fall_v under_o escheat_n without_o prejudice_n to_o these_o
fire_n and_o water_n within_o the_o same_o by_o be_v kiln_v and_o steep_v and_o in_o some_o place_n brown_a within_o the_o same_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o multure_n if_o it_o be_v not_o determine_v by_o write_n be_v determine_v by_o use_n of_o payment_n of_o the_o barony_n or_o sucken_n though_o a_o part_n thereof_o in_o question_n pay_v less_o former_o which_o do_v only_o liberat_fw-la they_o from_fw-la bygones_fw-la july_n 20._o 1610._o neilson_n of_o craigcaffie_n contra_fw-la tenant_n of_o innermesson_n 21._o beside_o the_o multures_n thirlage_n be_v extend_v to_o sequels_fw-fr which_o be_v express_v in_o thirlage_n be_v understand_v to_o be_v the_o knaveship_n bannock_n or_o lock_v payable_a beside_o the_o multure_n to_o the_o milner_n and_o their_o servant_n for_o their_o service_n according_a to_o the_o use_n of_o the_o several_a milns_n though_o these_o be_v not_o express_v march_v 22._o 1628._o adamson_n of_o braco_n contra_fw-la tenant_n of_o shallie_n the_o like_a before_o even_o where_o the_o corn_n be_v abstract_v spot_n milns_n march_v 22._o 1628._o and_o where_o the_o thirlage_n be_v by_o use_n and_o custom_n these_o small_a duty_n be_v according_o due_a beside_o the_o multure_n 22._o thirlage_n also_o carry_v service_n to_o the_o miln_n as_o carry_v home_o of_o miln-stone_n uphold_v the_o damn_n watergates_o and_o of_o the_o milnhouse_n which_o be_v service_n diverse_a and_o regulate_v according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o several_a milns_n the_o thirlage_n constitute_v by_o infeftment_n of_o a_o miln_n cum_fw-la mutturis_fw-la &_o sequelis_fw-la find_v to_o give_v right_a to_o the_o ordinary_a miln_n service_n to_o the_o miln-damn_a and_o miln-stone_n by_o paction_n or_o prescription_n the_o same_o be_v take_v away_o february_n 27._o 1668._o maitland_n contra_fw-la lesly_n in_o prove_v of_o the_o custom_n of_o these_o duty_n to_o milns_n there_o be_v no_o necessity_n to_o prove_v forty_o year_n constant_a custom_n but_o diverse_a year_n custom_n in_o 〈◊〉_d unless_o a_o contrary_a custom_n be_v prove_v by_o the_o thirl_a nicol._n de_fw-fr servitute_fw-la 〈◊〉_d contra_fw-la ballachan_n but_o it_o be_v find_v that_o a_o heretor_fw-la of_o a_o miln_n be_v infeft_v and_o in_o possession_n of_o the_o miln_n with_o the_o multure_n of_o the_o land_n in_o question_n 〈◊〉_d he_o have_v the_o benefit_n of_o a_o possessory_a judgement_n with_o seven_o year_n 〈◊〉_d and_o so_o it_o will_v stand_v and_o be_v effectual_a till_o it_o be_v reduce_v notwithstanding_o a_o anterior_a infeftment_n cum_fw-la mollendinis_fw-la june_n 28._o 1636._o maxwel_o contra_fw-la maxwel_n 23._o thirlage_n also_o be_v esteem_v by_o some_o to_o carry_v this_o privilege_n that_o the_o heretor_fw-la of_o the_o miln_n may_v brevi_fw-la manu_fw-la cast_v down_o any_o other_o miln_n big_v within_o the_o thirl_z but_o craig_n opinion_n be_v in_o the_o contrary_a in_o the_o forecited_a place_n and_o it_o be_v so_o find_v where_o the_o miln_n so_o big_v have_v go_v fifteen_o day_n spot_n husband_n and_o wife_n laird_n of_o ludquharn_n contra_fw-la earl_n of_o marischal_n but_o whether_o it_o may_v not_o be_v hinder_v while_o the_o new_a miln_n be_v in_o building_n be_v not_o so_o clear_a at_o least_o it_o may_v be_v civil_o interrupt_v nunciatione_fw-la novi_fw-la operis_fw-la in_o respect_n of_o the_o favour_n of_o go_v milns_n these_o be_v not_o to_o be_v destroy_v for_o the_o public_a use_n of_o the_o country_n from_o which_o ground_n it_o be_v that_o the_o watergang_n of_o a_o miln_n pass_v through_o a_o heretors_n land_n be_v not_o suffer_v to_o be_v stop_v though_o it_o be_v without_o consent_n or_o prescription_n not_o be_v to_o his_o prejudice_n hope_n milns_n laird_n of_o bass_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o balgown_n but_o though_o milns_n may_v not_o be_v stop_v brevi_fw-la manu_fw-la yet_o building_n a_o miln_n within_o the_o thirl_z on_o pretence_n to_o get_v voluntary_a multure_n and_o that_o the_o builder_n will_v still_o bring_v his_o own_o corn_n to_o the_o other_o miln_n be_v unwarrantable_a and_o contrary_a the_o common_a custom_n of_o destroy_a quern_n which_o may_v have_v the_o same_o pretence_n nor_o can_v it_o be_v know_v what_o be_v clandestine_o ground_fw-mi at_o the_o new_a miln_n within_o the_o old_a thirl_z but_o halyard_n be_v build_n a_o miln_n near_o to_o breastmiln_a who_o crave_v summary_o to_o stop_v he_o by_o supplication_n to_o the_o lord_n they_o do_v refuse_v to_o stop_v because_o it_o be_v not_o clear_a that_o his_o land_n be_v thirl_a july_n 29._o 1673._o thirlage_n have_v also_o this_o effect_n in_o someplace_n that_o when_o any_o person_n be_v apprehend_v abstracting_a corn_n the_o horse_n and_o corn_n may_v be_v seize_v upon_o braevi_fw-la manu_fw-la and_o the_o corn_n confiscate_v to_o the_o milner_n and_o craig_n relate_v in_o the_o forecited_a place_n that_o it_o be_v the_o ordinary_a custom_n in_o france_n that_o corn_n be_v escheat_n to_o the_o lord_n and_o may_v be_v seize_v summary_o it_o be_v relate_v by_o craig_n l._n 2._o dieg._n 8._o out_o of_o the_o statute_n of_o king_n william_n that_o there_o ought_v to_o be_v a_o master_n and_o two_o servant_n in_o every_o miln_n swear_v to_o be_v faithful_a to_o the_o master_n of_o the_o ground_n and_o his_o man_n and_o that_o the_o common_a multure_n not_o determine_v by_o infeftment_n be_v the_o twenty_o grain_n and_o that_o all_o grain_n that_o shall_v be_v set_v down_o upon_o the_o ground_n of_o another_o thirl_z shall_v pay_v multure_n there_o and_o that_o when_o a_o horse_n carry_v grain_n out_o of_o the_o thirl_z be_v take_v the_o grain_n be_v escheat_n to_o the_o miller_n and_o the_o horse_n to_o the_o master_n and_o that_o he_o who_o remove_v from_o the_o thirl_z shall_v have_v his_o seed_n multure_n free_a these_o be_v most_o part_n overrule_v by_o custom_n as_o have_v be_v before_o show_v this_o far_o i_o find_v it_o among_o our_o custom_n that_o the_o spuilzie_n of_o a_o horse_n be_v elide_v because_o he_o be_v seize_v upon_o take_v corn_n out_o of_o the_o thirl_z to_o another_o miln_n as_o be_v the_o custom_n of_o that_o place_n and_o that_o after_o carry_v back_o thereof_o the_o horse_n be_v offer_v that_o same_o night_n january_n 22._o 1635._o menzies_n contra_fw-la mckie_n thirlage_n omnium_fw-la granorum_fw-la crescentium_fw-la upon_o such_o a_o tenement_n find_v to_o extend_v not_o only_o to_o the_o tenant_n but_o to_o the_o mains_fw-fr july_n 29._o 1673._o dundas_n of_o breastmiln_n contra_fw-la skeen_n of_o halyard_n 24._o it_o remain_v that_o we_o confider_v how_o thirlage_n be_v constitute_v be_v destitute_a or_o take_v off_o and_o that_o be_v in_o the_o like_a manner_n as_o it_o be_v constitute_v either_o by_o prescription_n whereby_o liberty_n be_v recover_v to_o the_o thirl_a land_n which_o need_v no_o positive_a act_n to_o deny_v the_o multure_n but_o simple_a forbearance_n to_o lift_v or_o seek_v they_o be_v enough_o or_o otherways_o by_o any_o discharge_n or_o renunciation_n without_o further_a solemnity_n for_o in_o that_o way_n also_o it_o be_v constitute_v but_o the_o most_o ordinary_a way_n of_o take_v off_o thirlage_n be_v by_o grant_v a_o charter_n contain_v milns_n and_o multure_n in_o the_o tenendas_fw-la which_o be_v not_o find_v good_a as_o to_o the_o king_n fevar_n because_o past_a in_o exchequer_n without_o notice_n as_o the_o common_a style_n january_n 8._o 1662._o james_n stuart_n contra_fw-la fevar_n of_o aberledno_n which_o be_v more_o evident_a when_o milns_n and_o multure_n be_v in_o the_o dispositive_a clause_n it_o have_v the_o like_a effect_n when_o the_o miln_n and_o multure_n be_v dispone_v to_o one_o party_n and_o by_o a_o prior_n disposition_n or_o infeftment_n the_o same_o land_n which_o be_v of_o old_a of_o the_o thirl_z be_v grant_v to_o the_o vassal_n thereof_o cum_fw-la molendanis_fw-la &_o multuris_fw-la for_o thereby_o the_o posterior_n infeftment_n of_o the_o miln_n and_o multure_n be_v a_o non_fw-la habente_fw-la potestatem_fw-la and_o ineffectual_a novemb_v 26._o 1631._o mr._n william_n elephant_n contra_fw-la earl_n marischal_n 25._o in_o thirlage_n there_o be_v only_a allowance_n or_o deduction_n of_o seed_n and_o horse-corn_n but_o nothing_o for_o expense_n of_o labour_v jan._n 14._o 1662._o nicolson_n contra_fw-la fevar_n of_o tillicoutrie_n 26._o thirlage_n by_o a_o vassal_n be_v not_o find_v effectual_a against_o the_o superior_a when_o the_o land_n fall_v in_o his_o hand_n by_o ward_n unless_o the_o superior_a have_v consent_v decem._n 11._o 1666._o earl_n of_o cassils_n contra_fw-la tenant_n of_o dalmortoun_n thirlage_n by_o a_o vassal_n charter_n find_v not_o to_o make_v he_o liable_a for_o the_o abstraction_n of_o his_o tenant_n but_o only_o the_o tenant_n themselves_o decemb._n 10._o 1667._o earl_n of_o cassils_n contra_fw-la sheriff_n of_o galloway_n 27._o if_o it_o be_v question_v whether_o multure_n be_v due_a when_o the_o miln_n be_v unable_a to_o work_v by_o frost_n break_v of_o the_o
price_n thereof_o to_o be_v pay_v by_o the_o heretor_n to_o the_o said_n titular_o of_o erection_n with_o a_o burden_n of_o annuity_n to_o the_o king_n except_v the_o teind_n of_o the_o surrenderer_n own_o proper_a land_n be_v always_o subject_a to_o his_o majesty_n annuity_n which_o submission_n his_o majesty_n accept_v and_o there_o follow_v thereupon_o a_o instrument_n of_o resignation_n at_o whitehall_n may_v 14._o 1628._o there_o be_v also_o a_o submission_n make_v by_o the_o bishop_n of_o all_o teind_n belong_v to_o they_o or_o their_o patrimonial_a kirk_n provide_v they_o be_v not_o damnify_v in_o their_o benefice_n as_o they_o be_v then_o possess_v either_o in_o quantity_n or_o quality_n whether_o the_o examine_v be_v pay_v in_o rental_a bolls_n or_o draw_v teind_v so_o that_o the_o submission_n do_v only_o reach_v to_o teind_n that_o be_v in_o tack_v or_o other_o use_n of_o payment_n and_o whereof_o the_o bishop_n or_o benefice_a person_n be_v not_o then_o in_o possession_n by_o rental_a bolls_n or_o draw_v teind_v this_o submission_n be_v in_o anno_fw-la 1628._o there_o be_v also_o a_o submission_n by_o the_o burrows_n of_o their_o teind_n in_o the_o same_o year_n and_o a_o four_o submission_n by_o several_a person_n have_v right_o to_o teind_n in_o anno_fw-la 1629._o the_o king_n do_v pronounce_v his_o decreet_a arbitral_n upon_o the_o submission_n of_o the_o lord_n of_o erection_n upon_o the_o second_o of_o september_n one_o thousand_o six_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o nine_o whereby_o he_o ordain_v the_o lord_n of_o erection_n to_o have_v ten_o year_n purchase_v for_o the_o feu-duty_n and_o all_o their_o constant_a rent_n consist_v of_o victual_n or_o money_n the_o victual_n be_v reckon_v at_o a_o hundred_o mark_n the_o chalder_n deduce_v so_o much_o of_o the_o feu-duty_n as_o be_v equivalent_a to_o the_o blensh-duty_n contain_v in_o the_o infeftment_n of_o erection_n for_o which_o nothing_o be_v to_o be_v pay_v and_o allow_v the_o lord_n of_o erection_n to_o retain_v the_o feu-duty_n until_o they_o be_v redeem_v his_o majesty_n do_v also_o decern_v that_o each_o heretor_fw-la shall_v have_v his_o own_o teind_n that_o such_o as_o have_v right_a to_o other_o man_n teind_n shall_v after_o valuation_n thereof_o whereby_o the_o five_o part_n of_o the_o constant_a rent_n which_o each_o land_n pay_v in_o stock_n and_o teind_v be_v declare_v to_o be_v the_o teind_v and_o where_o the_o teind_v be_v value_v several_o that_o the_o heretor_fw-la shall_v have_v the_o five_o part_n of_o the_o yearly_a value_n thereof_o deduce_v for_o the_o king_n ease_n and_o the_o price_n of_o the_o say_v teind_v for_o a_o heritable_a right_n be_v make_v nine_o year_n purchase_v and_o for_o other_o right_n of_o teind_n inferior_a to_o heritable_a right_n proportionable_o according_a to_o the_o worth_n thereof_o to_o be_v determine_v by_o a_o commission_n to_o be_v grant_v by_o his_o majesty_n to_o that_o effect_n and_o that_o both_o for_o tack_n of_o teind_n and_o patronage_n there_o be_v also_o decreet_v by_o his_o majesty_n upon_o the_o other_o submission_n to_o the_o same_o purpose_n and_o by_o the_o ten_o and_o fourteen_o act_n par._n 1633._o the_o superiority_n of_o all_o kirk-land_n be_v annex_v to_o the_o crown_n except_o these_o belong_v to_o bishop_n with_o the_o feu-duty_n of_o the_o say_a superiority_n reserve_v to_o the_o lord_n and_o titular_o of_o erection_n who_o subscribe_v the_o general_a surrender_n of_o submission_n their_o feu-duty_n till_o they_o be_v redeem_v at_o ten_o year_n purchase_n and_o reserve_v to_o they_o the_o property_n hold_v of_o his_o majesty_n for_o payment_n of_o the_o feu-duty_n contain_v in_o the_o old_a infeftment_n precede_v the_o annexation_n by_o the_o 12._o act_n par._n 1633._o the_o king_n restrict_v his_o general_a revocation_n in_o october_n 1625._o registrate_n in_o the_o book_n of_o secret_a council_n february_n 9_o 1626._o in_o a_o proclamation_n then_o emit_v and_o another_o july_n 21._o 1626._o to_o the_o annul_v all_o pretend_a right_n to_o the_o property_n of_o the_o crown_n as_o well_o annex_v as_o not_o annex_v whereof_o a_o account_n have_v be_v make_v in_o exchequer_n and_o of_o the_o principality_n unlawful_o dispone_v by_o his_o predecessor_n against_o the_o law_n and_o act_n then_o stand_v and_o to_o the_o annul_n of_o erection_n and_o other_o disposition_n of_o whatsoever_o land_n teind_n patronage_n and_o benefice_n former_o belong_v to_o the_o kirk_n and_o since_o annex_v to_o the_o crown_n and_o any_o other_o land_n and_o benefice_n mortify_v to_o pious_a use_n and_o of_o regality_n and_o heritable_a office_n and_o the_o change_n from_o ward_n to_o blensh_fw-mi or_o taxt-ward_n since_o the_o year_n 1540_o upon_o this_o progress_n it_o may_v be_v question_v whether_o the_o patronage_n that_o former_o belong_v to_o churchman_n and_o be_v annex_v to_o the_o land_n burrows_n or_o benefice_n and_o thereafter_o be_v erect_v in_o temporal_a estate_n do_v belong_v to_o the_o king_n or_o lord_n of_o erection_n and_o next_o whether_o these_o more_o improper_a patronage_n of_o the_o patrimonial_a kirk_n of_o abbacy_n whereby_o the_o lord_n of_o erection_n come_v in_o the_o abbot_n place_n do_v claim_v the_o right_n of_o presentation_n or_o nomination_n of_o stipendiary_a minister_n to_o these_o kirk_n do_v belong_v to_o they_o or_o the_o king_n as_o to_o the_o first_o there_o seem_v less_o difficulty_n that_o the_o patronage_n which_o do_v belong_v to_o abbot_n of_o kirk_n which_o be_v not_o of_o their_o patrimony_n but_o whereof_o they_o have_v only_o jus_o presentandi_fw-la do_v belong_v to_o the_o king_n because_o such_o patronage_n be_v annex_v to_o the_o crown_n by_o the_o general_a act_n of_o annexation_n which_o though_o it_o do_v not_o mention_v patronage_n yet_o the_o barony_n or_o benefice_n wherein_o such_o patronage_n be_v comprehend_v be_v express_o annex_v and_o barony_n or_o benefice_n be_v nomina_fw-la universitatis_fw-la will_v comprehend_v patronage_n incorporate_v therein_o or_o annex_v thereto_o so_o that_o without_o dissolution_n no_o subject_n can_v pretend_v right_a to_o the_o ecclesiastic_a patronage_n of_o abbot_n prior_n etc._n etc._n and_o as_o to_o the_o lord_n of_o erection_n who_o fall_v under_o the_o exception_n of_o the_o general_a act_n of_o annexation_n they_o have_v submit_v and_o surrender_v all_o their_o title_n of_o erection_n to_o the_o king_n and_o particular_o their_o patronage_n and_o thereupon_o the_o king_n have_v by_o his_o decreet_a arbitral_n ratify_v in_o parliament_n reserve_v only_o to_o they_o their_o property_n land_n and_o teind_n and_o feu-duty_n till_o they_o be_v redeem_v and_o the_o superiority_n be_v again_o annex_v which_o be_v the_o dominium_fw-la directum_fw-la of_o these_o ecclesiastical_a barony_n the_o ecclesiastic_a patronage_n of_o the_o abbot_n comprehend_v in_o nomine_fw-la barroniae_fw-la do_v therewith_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n unless_o they_o have_v be_v dispone_v after_o dissolutlon_n or_o a_o subject_n title_n to_o the_o advocation_n donation_n or_o right_o of_o patronage_n of_o such_o kirk_n be_v perfect_v by_o prescription_n for_o the_o act_n of_o prescription_n 1617._o have_v no_o exception_n of_o the_o king_n right_o to_o which_o the_o prior_n act_n that_o the_o king_n shall_v not_o be_v prejudge_v by_o the_o neglect_n of_o his_o officer_n do_v not_o extend_v but_o that_o interruption_n within_o the_o forty_o year_n be_v requisite_a even_o for_o the_o king_n the_o form_n whereof_o be_v order_v by_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n and_o approven_v by_o parliament_n 1633._o cap._n 12._o but_o there_o be_v much_o more_o difficulty_n as_o to_o the_o other_o point_n concern_v the_o patronage_n of_o these_o kirk_n that_o be_v part_n of_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o abbot_n which_o before_o the_o reformation_n be_v not_o kirk_n patronat_fw-la but_o patrimonial_a but_o thereafter_o be_v dissolve_v and_o declare_v distinct_a paroch_n kirk_n the_o abbot_n power_n of_o nomination_n of_o viccar_n in_o these_o kirk_n become_v to_o be_v exercise_v by_o presentation_n to_o the_o kirk_n which_o presentation_n be_v give_v by_o the_o king_n to_o some_o kirk_n even_o where_o there_o be_v erection_n but_o in_o most_o erection_n the_o lord_n of_o erection_n do_v present_a as_o come_v in_o place_n of_o the_o abbot_n and_o do_v in_o their_o original_a or_o subsequent_a right_n insert_v the_o patronage_n of_o some_o or_o all_o of_o the_o patrimonial_a kirk_n of_o these_o abbacy_n and_o where_o the_o right_a of_o patronage_n be_v not_o express_v the_o lord_n of_o erection_n have_v but_o small_a ground_n to_o pretend_v to_o these_o and_o where_o they_o be_v express_v and_o perfect_v by_o prescription_n they_o be_v secure_a so_o that_o the_o question_n will_v remain_v as_o to_o the_o power_n of_o presentation_n to_o the_o patrimonial_a kirk_n of_o abbacy_n where_o prescription_n have_v not_o clear_v the_o question_n but_o that_o sometime_o the_o king_n sometime_o the_o
cheislie_n feb._n 21._o 1666._o lord_n borthwick_n contra_fw-la his_o wodsetter_n feb._n 21._o 1666._o ogilvie_n contra_fw-la 10._o but_o where_o in_o wodset_n there_o be_v a_o condition_n of_o the_o neversion_n that_o a_o tack_v shall_v be_v grant_v for_o year_n after_o redemption_n that_o tack_v be_v not_o find_v take_v away_o by_o the_o act_n debtor_n and_o creditor_n but_o that_o if_o it_o be_v in_o the_o term_n of_o the_o old_a act_n par._n 1449._o cap._n 19_o far_o within_o the_o true_a avail_n it_o be_v usurary_a and_o null_a february_n 15._o 1666._o lord_n lie_v contra_fw-la porteous_n february_n 17._o 1672._o douglass_n of_o mortoun_n contra_fw-la and_o verner_n in_o which_o case_n the_o tack_v be_v sustain_v if_o it_o be_v not_o much_o within_o the_o worth_n of_o the_o land_n as_o it_o be_v the_o time_n of_o grant_v the_o wodset_n albeit_o it_o be_v much_o within_o the_o worth_a the_o time_n of_o the_o redemption_n because_o there_o be_v a_o just_a design_n in_o such_o tack_n to_o encourage_v the_o wodsetter_n to_o meliorat_a the_o wodset_a land_n and_o be_v at_o expense_n therefore_o see_v he_o will_v retain_v the_o same_o after_o the_o redemption_n for_o the_o old_a rent_n they_o be_v worth_a when_o wodset_n and_o the_o rend_v express_v in_o the_o tack_v will_v be_v presume_v to_o be_v the_o true_a rent_n unless_o the_o contrary_n be_v prove_v but_o such_o a_o wodset_n grant_v to_o a_o brother_n for_o his_o portion_n wherein_o the_o wodsetter_n be_v exclude_v from_o possession_n during_o a_o liferenters_n life_n the_o tack_v be_v sustain_v jan._n 21._o 1662._o laird_n of_o polwart_n contra_fw-la home_n 11._o but_o if_o there_o be_v a_o back-tack_n of_o the_o land_n grant_v by_o the_o wodsetter_n to_o the_o reverser_n or_o for_o his_o behoof_n or_o a_o provision_n to_o count_v for_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o land_n or_o to_o hold_v the_o land_n at_o such_o a_o rent_n it_o be_v a_o improper_a wodset_n 12._o a_o public_a wodset_n which_o be_v hold_v of_o the_o constituent_v superior_a require_v beside_o the_o reversion_n a_o regress_n which_o be_v a_o obligement_n upon_o the_o superior_a to_o receive_v and_o enter_v the_o reverse_a his_o vassal_n again_o upon_o the_o redemption_n the_o necessity_n whereof_o be_v because_o by_o the_o infeftment_n though_o of_o wodset_n the_o constituent_n be_v denude_v and_o the_o superior_a have_v a_o new_a vassal_n in_o who_o place_n he_o be_v not_o oblige_v to_o accept_v any_o other_o but_o by_o his_o own_o consent_n craig_n lib._n 2._o diege_n 6._o move_v this_o question_n whether_o a_o public_a wodset_n be_v redeem_v and_o the_o reverse_a reseased_n therein_o it_o will_v be_v account_v heretage_n or_o conquest_n and_o though_o it_o seem_v conquest_n because_o it_o be_v a_o new_a infeftment_n and_o not_o the_o old_a yet_o he_o well_o resolve_v that_o if_o it_o return_v to_o the_o person_n or_o heir_n of_o he_o who_o be_v first_o infeft_v if_o it_o be_v heretage_n before_o it_o remain_v so_o but_o if_o a_o assignee_n to_o the_o reversion_n and_o regress_n be_v inse_v it_o be_v true_o conquest_n 13._o it_o remain_v now_o to_o consider_v the_o destitution_n of_o wodset_n and_o how_o they_o cease_v and_o this_o be_v either_o by_o consent_n or_o by_o law_n by_o consent_n either_o when_o the_o reversion_n be_v discharge_v whereby_o the_o infeftment_n become_v irredeemable_a and_o cease_v to_o be_v a_o wodset_n which_o discharge_v of_o the_o reversion_n be_v not_o effectual_a against_o singular_a successor_n unless_o registrat_n conform_v to_o the_o say_a act_n of_o parl._n 1617._o cap._n 16._o or_o otherways_o by_o voluntary_a redemption_n of_o the_o wodset_n which_o must_v be_v registrat_n by_o the_o say_a act_n or_o else_o it_o prejudge_v no_o singular_a successor_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o effectual_a to_o denude_v the_o wodsetter_n unless_o if_o the_o wodset_n be_v base_a there_o be_v a_o resignation_n ad_fw-la remanentiam_fw-la in_o the_o reversers_n hand_n as_o superior_a or_o if_o it_o be_v public_a that_o the_o grant_a of_o the_o wodset_n be_v reseased_n and_o a_o renunciation_n without_o a_o new_a infeftment_n be_v not_o sufficient_a hope_n alienation_n kinross_n contra_fw-la durie_n november_n 23._o 1627._o dumbar_n contra_fw-la wilson_n but_o if_o the_o reverser_n or_o his_o predecessor_n be_v infeft_v a_o renunciation_n may_v exclude_v the_o renucer_n right_o but_o will_v not_o establish_v it_o in_o the_o person_n of_o the_o reverser_n but_o he_o must_v brook_v by_o his_o own_o right_n hope_n alienation_n hamiltoun_n contra_fw-la mcaddam_n where_o wodset_n be_v take_v hold_v of_o the_o superior_a regress_n be_v also_o take_v from_o the_o superior_a and_o new_a infeftment_n thereupon_o to_o the_o grant_a of_o the_o wodset_n but_o when_o neversion_n be_v carry_v by_o assignation_n apprising_n or_o adjudication_n to_o these_o who_o be_v never_o infeft_v they_o must_v not_o only_o have_v a_o renunciation_n from_o the_o wodseter_n but_o a_o procuratory_n of_o resignation_n that_o thereby_o they_o may_v be_v infeft_v in_o which_o case_n the_o wodset-right_a be_v not_o extinct_a but_o convey_v and_o the_o wodsetter_n be_v their_o author_n and_o may_v not_o resuse_v procuratory_n of_o resignation_n or_o charter_n for_o confirmation_n upon_o the_o redemption_n and_o if_o the_o wodset-land_n be_v not_o ward_n he_o must_v grnt_a precept_n of_o seasine_n for_o infeft_v the_o reverser_n hold_v of_o the_o wodsetter_n and_o if_o infeftment_n follow_v thereupon_o and_o the_o seasine_a be_v registrate_n there_o be_v no_o necessity_n to_o registrate_n the_o renunciation_n or_o grant_n of_o redemption_n so_o that_o a_o renunciation_n or_o grant_n of_o redemption_n be_v registrate_n exclude_v posterior_n deed_n of_o the_o wodsetter_n who_o yet_o continue_v in_o the_o fee_n and_o the_o casuality_n will_v fall_v by_o his_o death_n or_o deed_n voluntar_n redemption_n be_v not_o so_o safe_a be_v use_v against_o pupil_n and_o minor_n who_o tutor_n and_o curator_n ought_v to_o proceed_v legal_o in_o infeftment_n so_o likewise_o in_o a_o wodset_n to_o a_o man_n and_o his_o wife_n and_o their_o heir_n a_o voluntar_n redemption_n by_o the_o husband_n be_v not_o find_v sufficient_a to_o to_o prejudge_v the_o wife_n who_o consent_v not_o july_n 14._o and_o 17._o 1610._o lord_n cathcart_n contra_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 14._o wodset_n be_v take_v off_o legal_o when_o the_o reversion_n be_v legal_o annul_v as_o by_o declarator_n of_o expyre_v thereof_o for_o thereby_o the_o infeftment_n become_v irredeemable_a but_o be_v chief_o by_o a_o legal_a redemption_n which_o do_v require_v a_o order_n of_o redemption_n and_o a_o declarator_n thereupon_o which_o must_v be_v diverse_o use_v in_o legal-reversion_n and_o in_o conventional-reversion_n 15._o the_o order_n of_o redemption_n of_o apprizing_n and_o adjudication_n by_o virtue_n of_o the_o legal_a reversion_n be_v valide_fw-la by_o premonition_n and_o consignation_n and_o instrument_n take_v thereupon_o wherein_o there_o be_v not_o appoint_v a_o determinat_fw-la time_n upon_o which_o the_o premonition_n must_v be_v make_v or_o a_o determinate_a place_n where_o the_o consignation_n must_v be_v make_v nor_o the_o person_n of_o the_o consignator_n but_o the_o premonition_n may_v be_v upon_o any_o number_n of_o day_n sufficient_a for_o the_o consignation_n yea_o though_o it_o be_v the_o same_o day_n of_o the_o premonition_n as_o craig_n observe_v but_o if_o the_o creditor_n be_v personal_o apprehend_v the_o consignation_n must_v be_v in_o the_o way_n most_o to_o his_o advantage_n which_o therefore_o he_o may_v prescrive_v be_v either_o near_o the_o place_n of_o premonition_n or_o the_o land_n wodset_n or_o the_o paroch_n kirk_n where_o they_o lie_v which_o craig_n account_v competent_a place_n or_o if_o he_o choose_v any_o other_o more_o advantage_n to_o the_o consigner_n it_o will_v be_v sufficient_a but_o if_o he_o choose_v none_o the_o premonisher_n must_v either_o consign_v that_o day_n where_o he_o find_v the_o creditor_n or_o if_o not_o that_o day_n or_o if_o he_o use_v premonition_n at_o his_o dwellinghouse_n he_o must_v consign_v either_o at_o the_o appryzers_n dwellinghouse_n or_o paroch_n kirk_n where_o the_o land_n lie_v as_o say_v be_v if_o the_o creditor_n be_v out_o of_o the_o country_n or_o have_v no_o certain_a abode_n letter_n of_o premonition_n will_v be_v obtain_v from_o the_o lord_n periculo_fw-la petentis_fw-la for_o premonition_n upon_o sixty_o day_n at_o the_o cross_n of_o edinburgh_n and_o for_o consignation_n to_o be_v make_v in_o edinburgh_n yea_o the_o order_n be_v sustain_v for_o redemption_n of_o a_o apprize_a near_o expyre_v albeit_o the_o consignation_n be_v only_o at_o edinburgh_n and_o not_o at_o the_o paroch_n kirk_n where_fw-mi the_o land_n lay_v or_o at_o the_o debtor_n dwellinghouse_n he_o be_v out_o of_o the_o country_n feb._n 22._o 1631._o murray_n contra_fw-la lord_n yester_n but_o where_o the_o party_n be_v in_o the_o country_n this_o order_n by_o summons_n of_o
infer_v recognition_n we_o be_v not_o here_o to_o speak_v of_o the_o common_a way_n of_o extinction_n of_o infeftment_n and_o other_o right_n as_o the_o extinction_n of_o the_o subject_a matter_n prescription_n forefaulture_n homologation_n or_o acceptance_n of_o incompatible_a right_n neither_o to_o these_o way_n by_o which_o a_o infeftment_n be_v extinct_a as_o to_o one_o but_o be_v convey_v to_o another_o which_o fall_v in_o consideration_n among_o conveyance_n of_o right_n but_o of_o these_o way_n proper_a to_o extinguish_v infeftment_n and_o make_v the_o right_a toceass_n and_o to_o return_v to_o the_o superior_n and_o these_o be_v two_o either_o by_o consent_n of_o the_o vassal_n or_o by_o law_n 1._o infeftment_n be_v extinct_a by_o consent_n by_o resignation_n make_v by_o the_o vassal_n who_o stand_v infeft_v in_o the_o land_n to_o his_o superior_a ad_fw-la perpetuam_fw-la remanentiam_fw-la to_o which_o there_o be_v necessary_o require_v as_o a_o solemnity_n thereof_o a_o instrument_n of_o resignation_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o a_o nottar_n in_o the_o same_o way_n that_o their_o constitution_n be_v perfect_v by_o a_o instrument_n of_o seasine_n their_o distitution_n be_v consummate_v by_o a_o instrument_n of_o resignation_n which_o no_o other_o write_v nor_o acknowledgement_n of_o the_o vassal_n of_o the_o be_v thereof_o will_v supply_v much_o less_o will_v the_o deed_n do_v otherways_o prove_v and_o as_o in_o seasine_n there_o must_v be_v a_o tradition_n or_o delivery_n of_o possession_n by_o some_o token_n or_o symbol_n as_o by_o earth_n and_o stone_n etc._n etc._n so_o in_o the_o instrument_n of_o refignation_n there_o must_v be_v a_o re-delivery_n of_o the_o possession_n by_o a_o accustom_a symbol_n which_o ordinary_o be_v by_o delivery_n of_o staff_n and_o baston_z yet_o in_o this_o they_o differ_v that_o the_o delivery_n of_o the_o seasine_n must_v be_v upon_o the_o ground_n of_o the_o 〈◊〉_d natural_o or_o by_o union_n but_o the_o resignation_n may_v be_v any_o where_o and_o as_o seasine_n may_v be_v give_v either_o to_o the_o vassal_n or_o his_o procurator_n so_o may_v the_o resignation_n be_v either_o to_o the_o superior_a himself_o or_o to_o his_o commissioner_n authorize_v to_o that_o effect_n 2._o and_o though_o instrument_n of_o resignation_n use_v to_o be_v by_o procurator_n warrant_v by_o a_o procuratory_n of_o resignation_n yet_o as_o there_o may_v be_v seasine_n give_v by_o the_o superior_a propriis_fw-la manibus_fw-la so_o may_v there_o be_v resignation_n by_o the_o vassal_n 3._o but_o in_o both_o the_o instrument_n of_o resignation_n alone_o be_v not_o sufficient_a as_o be_v but_o the_o assertion_n of_o a_o nottar_n but_o they_o must_v have_v for_o their_o warrant_n a_o disposition_n or_o other_o adminicle_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v statute_n par._n 1563._o cap._n 81._o that_o where_o such_o resignation_n be_v by_o procurator_n the_o procuratory_n be_v subscribe_v by_o the_o party_n or_o nottar_n and_o if_o the_o resignation_n be_v propriis_fw-la manibus_fw-la that_o the_o instrument_n be_v so_o subscribe_v otherways_o to_o be_v null_a because_o the_o subscription_n of_o the_o instrument_n be_v in_o that_o case_n the_o only_a probation_n of_o the_o warrant_n thereof_o but_o if_o there_o be_v a_o disposition_n or_o obligement_n to_o infeft_a the_o instrument_n of_o resignation_n though_o not_o subscribe_v by_o the_o resigner_n will_v be_v sufficient_a as_o warrant_v by_o the_o disposition_n or_o obligement_n but_o seasines_n and_o resignation_n do_v former_o differ_v in_o this_o that_o seasine_n must_v be_v registrate_n within_o sixty_o day_n after_o date_n par._n 1617._o cap._n 16._o 4._o but_o so_o need_v not_o instrument_n of_o resignation_n ad_fw-la remanentiam_fw-la for_o though_o by_o that_o statute_n renunciation_n of_o wodset_n be_v to_o be_v registrat_n it_o be_v not_o extend_v to_o renunciation_n of_o irredeemable_a right_n ad_fw-la remanentiam_fw-la these_o be_v either_o omit_v by_o inadvertency_n or_o of_o purpose_n in_o the_o favour_n of_o superior_n that_o right_n may_v be_v take_v with_o their_o consent_n yet_o in_o so_o far_o that_o excellent_a statute_n be_v defective_a till_o the_o late_a act_n of_o par._n 1669._o cap._n 3._o whereby_o instrument_n of_o resignation_n be_v null_a if_o not_o registrat_n within_o sixty_o day_n by_o which_o and_o other_o to_o that_o purpose_n purchaser_n in_o scotland_n may_v better_o know_v the_o condition_n of_o these_o with_o who_o they_o contract_v about_o infeftment_n and_o be_v more_o secure_a of_o lurk_v right_n than_o any_o where_o so_o far_o as_o i_o can_v learn_v in_o the_o world_n 5._o by_o this_o resignation_n so_o make_v the_o property_n be_v consolidate_n as_o it_o be_v the_o time_n of_o the_o resignation_n and_o be_v affect_v with_o all_o real_a burden_n or_o debita_fw-la fundi_fw-la that_o valid_o affect_v it_o before_o as_o feve_n tack_n annualrent_n servitude_n for_o though_o all_o such_o burden_n as_o be_v not_o warrant_v by_o the_o superior_n consent_n or_o by_o law_n cease_v when_o the_o fee_n return_v to_o the_o superior_a either_o for_o a_o time_n by_o ward_n nonentry_n etc._n etc._n or_o for_o ever_o by_o recognition_n yet_o when_o it_o return_v thus_o by_o consent_n it_o come_v cum_fw-la svo_fw-la onere_fw-la which_o be_v very_o just_a and_o fit_a see_v else_o such_o security_n may_v easy_o be_v evacuat_a by_o voluntar_n resignation_n in_o the_o superior_n hand_n there_o be_v another_o resignation_n which_o be_v call_v in_o favorem_fw-la be_v for_o new_a infeftment_n to_o the_o resigner_n or_o some_o other_o but_o thereby_o the_o fee_n be_v not_o extinct_a but_o either_o renew_v or_o transfer_v and_o therefore_o it_o shall_v be_v consider_v hereafter_o 6._o craig_n upon_o this_o head_n very_o fit_o move_v and_o solve_v this_o question_n whether_o the_o vassal_n may_v renunce_v and_o resign_v his_o fee_n to_o the_o superior_a though_o he_o be_v unwilling_a and_o instance_n in_o two_o case_n first_o in_o a_o vassal_n hold_v a_o very_a inconsiderable_a parcel_n of_o land_n ward_n and_o do_v thereby_o become_v obnoxious_a to_o his_o superior_a for_o the_o value_n his_o tocher_n have_v relation_n to_o the_o whole_a estate_n which_o tocher_n do_v much_o exceed_v the_o worth_n of_o the_o tenement_n and_o yet_o a_o resignation_n thereof_o be_v judicial_o offer_v the_o superior_a be_v suffer_v to_o refuse_v it_o unless_o the_o value_n of_o the_o marriage_n be_v first_o pay_v the_o other_o of_o a_o burgess_n offer_v to_o renunce_v his_o burgesship_n for_o shun_v a_o great_a taxation_n put_v upon_o he_o and_o therefore_o solve_v the_o case_n upon_o the_o common_a axiom_n cuique_fw-la licet_fw-la renunciare_fw-la favori_fw-la pro_fw-la se_fw-la introducto_fw-la and_o therefore_o the_o fee_n of_o its_o nature_n be_v gratuitous_a in_o favour_n of_o the_o vassal_n may_v be_v renunce_v but_o that_o will_v not_o prejudge_v the_o superior_a of_o any_o casuality_n befalling_a to_o he_o before_o the_o renunciation_n but_o will_v have_v only_a effect_n ad_fw-la futura_fw-la and_o therefore_o a_o vassal_n judicial_o disclaim_v his_o superior_a be_v not_o admit_v so_o to_o do_v to_o exclude_v the_o life-rent_a already_o fall_v march_v 26._o 1628._o john_n stewart_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o wedderburne_n no_o contract_n obligation_n or_o personal_a right_n nor_o any_o less_o than_o a_o instrument_n of_o refignation_n will_v take_v away_o infeftment_n for_o though_o these_o may_v be_v sufficient_a against_o the_o granter_n thereof_o by_o a_o personal_a objection_n whereby_o they_o can_v come_v against_o their_o own_o deed_n yet_o true_o the_o real_a right_n stand_v in_o they_o and_o they_o be_v not_o denude_v thereby_o and_o so_o a_o renunciation_n without_o the_o solemnity_n of_o a_o instrument_n of_o resignation_n will_v not_o suffice_v to_o obliterat_fw-la a_o irredeemable_a fee_n though_o it_o may_v be_v sufficient_a to_o evacuat_v any_o personal_a right_n as_o servitude_n not_o require_v infeftment_n yea_o or_o a_o liferent_a though_o constitute_v by_o infeftment_n because_o it_o be_v communicable_a to_o no_o other_o person_n by_o infeftment_n and_o therefore_o pass_v by_o assignation_n or_o resignation_n the_o reason_n hereof_o be_v because_o by_o the_o common_a custom_n of_o nation_n real_a right_n can_v pass_v by_o sole_a consent_n without_o artain_v possession_n in_o the_o way_n prescribe_v by_o law_n and_o therefore_o this_o symbolical_a possession_n which_o alone_o the_o law_n allow_v as_o sufficient_a either_o in_o the_o constitution_n or_o destitution_n of_o fee_n must_v be_v adhibite_fw-la and_o the_o real_a possession_n of_o the_o tenement_n itself_o will_v not_o suffice_v in_o either_o case_n as_o be_v before_o instance_a in_o seasine_n by_o several_a decision_n so_o a_o renunciation_n without_o a_o formal_a resignation_n be_v not_o find_v relevant_a to_o take_v away_o the_o infeftment_n renunce_v against_o a_o singular_a successor_n november_n 23._o 1627._o dumbar_n contra_fw-la wilson_n resignation_n can_v be_v effectual_a if_o the_o resigner_n be_v not_o infeft_v
superior_a whether_o the_o rise_v hereof_o be_v from_o the_o personal_a obligation_n of_o fidelity_n which_o the_o vassal_n owe_v to_o the_o superior_a only_o or_o from_o the_o obligement_n of_o gratitude_n and_o service_n or_o from_o that_o peculiar_a choice_n of_o the_o person_n and_o race_n of_o the_o vassal_n which_o the_o superior_a have_v make_v contrair_a to_o which_o a_o stranger_n can_v be_v obtrude_v upon_o he_o neither_o can_v the_o vassal_n withdraw_v himself_o from_o the_o fidelity_n or_o render_v himself_o unfit_a for_o his_o service_n or_o from_o all_o these_o yet_o in_o this_o do_v most_o agree_v that_o the_o near_a cause_n of_o recognition_n be_v the_o alienation_n of_o the_o fee_n so_o then_o the_o main_a difficulty_n be_v what_o be_v mean_v by_o that_o alienation_n by_o which_o recognition_n be_v incur_v craig_n lib._n 3._o diege_n 5._o declare_v that_o this_o alienation_n can_v be_v by_o naked_a contract_n or_o disposition_n till_o seasine_n follow_v for_o these_o be_v but_o personal_a and_o incomplete_a right_n do_v not_o alienat_fw-la the_o fee_n from_o the_o vassal_n but_o only_o constitute_v upon_o he_o a_o personal_a obligement_n so_o to_o do_v it_o be_v also_o clear_a that_o by_o infeftment_n grant_v by_o the_o superior_a upon_o resignation_n there_o can_v be_v no_o recognition_n because_o the_o superior_n accept_v of_o the_o resignation_n import_v his_o consent_n so_o that_o the_o question_n will_v only_o remain_v when_o the_o vassal_n grant_v disposition_n or_o charter_n a_o se_n to_o be_v hold_v of_o his_o superior_a and_o before_o the_o superior_n confirmation_n obtain_a give_v seasine_n for_o the_o confirmation_n be_v the_o express_a consent_n of_o the_o superior_a if_o the_o seasine_a be_v after_o it_o there_o can_v be_v no_o hazard_n of_o recognition_n or_o otherways_o while_o the_o vassal_n grant_v a_o subaltern_a infeftment_n to_o be_v hold_v of_o himself_o 11._o as_o to_o the_o first_o case_n it_o seem_v there_o can_v be_v no_o recognition_n incur_v by_o infeftment_n grant_v by_o the_o vassal_n to_o be_v hold_v of_o his_o superior_a because_o if_o these_o be_v confirm_v the_o right_o be_v null_a and_o there_o be_v no_o alienation_n nor_o transmission_n of_o property_n but_o the_o vassal_n grant_a of_o the_o infeftment_n remain_v still_o proprietar_n and_o therefore_o such_o a_o infeftment_n be_v equivalent_a as_o if_o the_o vassal_n do_v alienat_fw-la upon_o condition_n that_o the_o superior_a shall_v consent_v and_o if_o he_o do_v not_o consent_n the_o infeftment_n to_o be_v null_a in_o which_o case_n most_o feudist_n do_v agree_v that_o by_o such_o infeftment_n there_o be_v no_o recognition_n and_o this_o reason_n be_v the_o more_o fortify_v that_o craig_n in_o the_o forecited_n place_n relate_v that_o a_o infeftment_n null_a for_o want_n of_o registration_n be_v not_o find_v to_o infer_v recognition_n in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o king_n advocate_n against_o kenneth_n mackenzie_n and_o bain_n for_o solution_n of_o this_o difficulty_n it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v deny_v that_o if_o a_o seasine_a be_v null_a by_o defect_n of_o any_o substantial_a or_o essential_a necessary_o requisite_a to_o seasine_n or_o symbolical_a delivery_n of_o possession_n there_o will_v follow_v no_o recognition_n as_o if_o there_o be_v no_o tradition_n of_o earth_n and_o stone_n or_o symbol_n requisite_a or_o not_o by_o the_o superior_a or_o his_o bailie_n or_o not_o to_o the_o vassal_n or_o his_o procurator_n or_o not_o upon_o the_o ground_n of_o the_o land_n natural_o or_o by_o union_n but_o though_o seasine_n may_v be_v null_a by_o defect_n of_o some_o accidental_a solemnity_n introduce_v by_o statute_n or_o custom_n and_o not_o necessary_o involve_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o tradition_n as_o the_o indiction_n or_o year_n of_o the_o prince_n reign_n though_o law_n shall_v declare_v the_o seasine_a null_n for_o want_n of_o these_o yet_o the_o vassal_n perform_v such_o essential_a requisite_n the_o feu_n fall_v in_o recognition_n and_o therefore_o there_o seem_v no_o ground_n to_o follow_v that_o decision_n adduce_v by_o craig_n exclude_v recognition_n upon_o the_o nullity_n of_o the_o seasine_a for_o want_n of_o registration_n but_o as_o to_o the_o case_n propose_v the_o superior_n confirmation_n be_v not_o essential_a to_o the_o vassal_n seasine_n neither_o be_v it_o so_o require_v by_o the_o common_a feudal_n custom_n as_o with_o we_o for_o thereby_o if_o the_o superior_a do_v acquiesce_v approve_v or_o homologate_v the_o seasine_a grant_v by_o a_o vassal_n to_o a_o stranger_n the_o same_o will_v be_v valid_a without_o a_o formal_a confirmation_n in_o write_v albeit_o by_o our_o custom_n such_o infeftment_n till_o confirm_v be_v null_n not_o only_o as_o to_o the_o superior_a but_o as_o to_o all_o other_o three_o party_n and_o so_o be_v become_v as_o a_o substantial_a of_o the_o infeftment_n not_o be_v true_o essential_a by_o the_o common_a fedual_a custom_n it_o do_v not_o exclude_v recognition_n and_o as_o craig_n in_o the_o forecited_a place_n render_v the_o reason_n that_o infeftment_n by_o the_o vassal_n a_o se_fw-la not_o confirm_v infer_v recognition_n be_v because_o he_o have_v do_v all_o that_o in_o he_o be_v to_o alienate_v the_o fee_n there_o be_v no_o act_n remain_v to_o be_v perform_v by_o he_o or_o his_o procurator_n and_o therefore_o in_o the_o declarator_n of_o recognition_n pursue_v at_o the_o instance_n of_o lady_n anna_n hamiltoun_n lady_n carnagy_n contra_fw-la lord_n cranburn_n upon_o the_o earl_n of_o dirletoun_n dispone_v of_o the_o land_n of_o innerweek_n hold_v of_o the_o king_n ward_n to_o cranburn_n and_o infeft_v he_o therein_o to_o be_v hold_v of_o the_o king_n this_o defence_n be_v not_o find_v relevant_a that_o the_o seasine_a be_v not_o confirm_v and_o so_o null_a though_o do_v upon_o deathbed_n accept_v for_o a_o minor_a absent_a and_o inscient_a and_o recall_v and_o reduce_v 12._o for_o in_o such_o case_n as_o in_o rebellion_n or_o escheat_n there_o be_v no_o privilege_n of_o minority_n nor_o of_o deed_n upon_o deathbed_n against_o the_o superior_a though_o do_v by_o a_o minor_a except_o the_o deed_n upon_o deathbed_n be_v in_o prejudice_n of_o the_o heir_n and_o be_v reduce_v by_o the_o heir_n ex_fw-la capite_fw-la lecti_fw-la but_o in_o this_o case_n dirletoun_v heir_n do_v not_o quarrel_v the_o disposition_n make_v by_o he_o as_o do_v upon_o deathbed_n but_o do_v take_v a_o gift_n of_o recognition_n from_o the_o king_n but_o where_o the_o gift_n of_o recognition_n be_v not_o grant_v to_o the_o heir-male_n who_o be_v heir_n in_o the_o investiture_n but_o to_o a_o heir_n female_a the_o heir-male_n propon_v that_o the_o alienation_n be_v upon_o deathbed_n and_o so_o null_a as_o to_o he_o the_o lord_n find_v that_o if_o the_o disposition_n be_v upon_o deathbed_n the_o defence_n be_v relevant_a and_o competent_a by_o way_n of_o exception_n the_o declarator_n of_o recognition_n not_o be_v a_o possessory_a judgement_n but_o where_o the_o disposition_n be_v in_o liege_n poustie_a and_o be_v deliver_v with_o a_o precept_n of_o seasine_n simple_o without_o 〈◊〉_d not_o to_o take_v seasine_n base_a upon_o the_o precept_n which_o import_v a_o warrant_n to_o take_v seasine_n thereupon_o it_o be_v find_v the_o take_a seasine_n when_o the_o disponer_n be_v upon_o deathbed_n upon_o that_o precept_n subscribe_v and_o deliver_v in_o 〈◊〉_d poustie_a do_v infer_v recognition_n july_n 20._o 1669._o barcley_n contra_fw-la barcley_n 13._o it_o be_v much_o debate_v among_o the_o feudist_n whether_o by_o subfeudation_a recognition_n be_v incur_v or_o whether_o it_o be_v comprehend_v under_o alienation_n because_o in_o libro_fw-la jeudorum_fw-la albeit_o alienation_n of_o fee_n be_v express_o prohibit_v yet_o in_o the_o same_o place_n as_o craig_n observe_v subfeudation_a be_v allow_v because_o by_o subfeudation_a neither_o the_o personal_a right_n betwixt_o superior_a and_o vassal_n be_v alter_v see_v the_o vassal_n continue_v vassal_n and_o liable_a to_o all_o these_o neither_o be_v the_o real_a right_n and_o interest_n of_o the_o superior_a in_o the_o fee_n itself_o diminish_v but_o he_o have_v the_o same_o access_n thereto_o as_o if_o there_o have_v be_v no_o subfeudation_a yet_o subfeudation_a in_o all_o case_n be_v account_v alienation_n and_o where_o alienation_n be_v prohibit_v subfeudation_a be_v understand_v and_o so_o emphitiosis_n or_o feu-ferm_a which_o be_v at_o least_o a_o perpetual_a location_n for_o solve_v this_o difficulty_n it_o must_v be_v remember_v that_o feudalia_fw-la be_v localia_fw-la regulable_a according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o several_a place_n and_o according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o feudal-rights_a and_o common_a feudal-custom_n where_o special_a custom_n be_v not_o and_o therefore_o there_o be_v no_o question_n of_o this_o point_n in_o france_n or_o most_o place_n in_o germany_n where_o alienation_n of_o fee_n many_o way_n be_v allow_v but_o in_o italy_n and_o other_o country_n where_o the_o common_a feudal_n
custom_n rule_v ordinary_o according_a to_o the_o feudal-book_n the_o doubt_n remain_v which_o may_v be_v clear_v thus_o first_o though_o in_o some_o case_n alienation_n be_v extend_v to_o location_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o so_o by_o the_o common_a feudal_a custom_n second_o if_o the_o subfeudation_a be_v a_o real_a feu-ferm_a whereby_o the_o feu-duty_n be_v considerable_a and_o competent_a to_o entertain_v the_o vassal_n such_o subfeudation_a be_v thereby_o account_v only_a lacation_n nor_o do_v it_o infer_v recognition_n be_v in_o effect_n no_o more_o than_o a_o perpetual_a location_n whereby_o the_o antinomy_n in_o the_o feudal_n law_n be_v sufficient_o reconcile_v that_o such_o sub-feudations_a be_v not_o alienation_n but_o if_o the_o subfeudation_a be_v ward_n blensh_fw-mi or_o in_o mortification_n or_o though_o it_o be_v under_o the_o name_n of_o emphyteosis_n yet_o for_o a_o elusory_a or_o a_o inconsiderable_a and_o unproportionable_a feu-duty_n which_o by_o no_o estimation_n can_v be_v correspodent_a to_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o fee_n but_o within_o the_o half_a of_o the_o true_a worth_n in_o these_o case_n the_o subfeudation_a be_v alienation_n infer_v recognition_n 14._o as_o to_o our_o own_o custom_n in_o this_o point_n they_o do_v agree_v to_o the_o common_a feudal_n custom_n as_o to_o subaltern_n infeftment_n blensh_fw-mi ward_n or_o in_o mortification_n or_o elusory_a or_o unprofitable_a feus_n but_o as_o to_o feve_n by_o which_o the_o major_a part_n of_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o ward_n or_o fee_n be_v not_o take_v away_o though_o such_o case_n have_v not_o occur_v to_o be_v controvert_v they_o seem_v not_o to_o infer_v recognition_n for_o if_o the_o major_a part_n be_v not_o alienate_v subaltern_n infeudation_n though_o blensh_fw-mi or_o in_o mortification_n infer_v not_o recognition_n when_o these_o right_n be_v disjunctim_fw-la of_o part_n of_o the_o fee_n there_o appear_v no_o reason_n that_o the_o subfeudation_n of_o the_o whole_a with_o a_o feu-duty_n equivalent_a to_o the_o half_a of_o the_o true_a rent_n whereby_o in_o effect_n the_o half_a be_v not_o alienate_v see_v the_o dominium_fw-la directum_fw-la of_o the_o whole_a and_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o half_a be_v retain_v shall_v infer_v recognition_n especial_o now_o when_o general_o fee_n be_v grant_v for_o cause_n onerous_a 15._o and_o by_o the_o statute_n allow_v feve_n par._n 1457._o cap._n 72._o it_o be_v provide_v that_o the_o feu_fw-fr be_v set_v to_o a_o competent_a avail_n which_o by_o the_o say_a statute_n be_v clear_v to_o be_v without_o diminution_n of_o the_o rental_a and_o which_o be_v common_o interpret_v the_o retoure_n duty_n because_o it_o be_v the_o public_a valuation_n and_o rate_n at_o that_o time_n and_o by_o the_o say_a statute_n such_o feve_n be_v confirm_v and_o declare_v not_o to_o be_v prejudge_v by_o the_o ward_n without_o mention_n of_o the_o hazard_n of_o recognition_n as_o not_o be_v consequent_a upon_o such_o feve_n but_o this_o statute_n be_v abrogate_v as_o to_o the_o liege_n par._n 18._o ja._n 6._o cap._n 12._o all_o sub-feves_a of_o ward-land_n hold_v of_o subject_n without_o the_o superior_n consent_n be_v declare_v null_n and_o void_a but_o there_o be_v no_o mention_n of_o recognition_n to_o be_v incur_v thereby_o and_o feve_n be_v only_o prohibit_v as_o be_v in_o prejudice_n of_o the_o over-lord_n who_o be_v not_o prejudge_v if_o the_o major_a part_n be_v not_o alienate_v see_v all_o subaltern_n infeftment_n not_o exceed_v the_o half_a be_v allow_v by_o law_n and_o albeit_o the_o narrative_a of_o the_o act_n respect_n feve_v precede_v it_o yet_o the_o statutory_a part_n be_v only_o as_o to_o feve_v grant_v thereafter_o and_o the_o like_a prohibition_n be_v appoint_v for_o the_o king_n and_o prince_n vassal_n par._n 1633._o cap._n 16._o the_o effect_n of_o this_o act_n as_o to_o the_o vassal_n of_o the_o king_n and_o prince_n be_v suspend_v till_o the_o next_o meeting_n of_o parliament_n and_o the_o vassal_n exempt_v therefrom_o in_o the_o interim_n par._n 1640._o cap._n 36._o and_o the_o say_a act_n be_v whole_o repeal_v par._n 1641._o cap._n 58._o and_o so_o remain_v until_o all_o these_o parliament_n be_v rescind_v see_v the_o private_a right_n of_o party_n acquire_v thereby_o by_o the_o general_a act_n rescissory_a par._n 1661._o cap._n 15._o but_o it_o have_v be_v find_v that_o alienation_n during_o these_o act_n now_o rescind_v and_o during_o the_o usurpation_n when_o ward_n be_v discharge_v do_v infer_v recognition_n see_v the_o vassal_n do_v not_o seek_v confirmation_n after_o the_o king_n return_n december_n 15._o 1669._o maitland_n of_o pittrichy_n contra_fw-la gordoun_n of_o gight_n the_o like_a be_v find_v in_o the_o recognition_n at_o the_o instance_n of_o sir_n george_n kinard_n contra_fw-la the_o vassal_n of_o the_o lord_n grace_n the_o like_a though_o the_o base_a infeftment_n infer_v recognitien_n be_v in_o anno_fw-la 1643._o when_o there_o be_v a_o statute_n then_o stand_v allow_v such_o infeftment_n see_v after_o rescind_v that_o statute_n no_o application_n be_v make_v to_o the_o king_n for_o confirmation_n january_n 7._o 1676._o cockburn_n of_o riselaw_n conira_fw-la cockburn_n of_o chouslie_o but_o recognition_n be_v exclude_v where_o the_o vassal_n require_v the_o superior_a to_o confirm_v the_o subaltern_a right_n debito_fw-la tempore_fw-la or_o do_v purge_v the_o same_o by_o procure_v resignation_n ad_fw-la remanentiam_fw-la to_o himself_o from_o the_o sub-vassal_n february_n 12._o 1674._o viscount_n of_o kilsyth_n contra_fw-la hamiltoun_n of_o bardowie_a but_o recognition_n be_v not_o find_v against_o a_o pupil_n upon_o his_o tutor_n take_v infeftment_n for_o he_o during_o the_o usurpation_n july_n 15._o 1669._o jack_n contra_fw-la jack_n whereby_o it_o be_v clear_a that_o feve_n have_v no_o effect_n against_o the_o superior_a as_o to_o the_o ward_n nonentry_n more_o than_o tack_n 16._o whether_o the_o alienation_n be_v by_o infeftment_n hold_v from_o or_o of_o the_o vassal_n there_o be_v no_o recognition_n with_o we_o except_o in_o ward-holdings_a yea_o if_o the_o hold_v be_v dubious_a and_o soa_o probable_a ground_n of_o error_n of_o the_o vassal_n as_o be_v a_o payment_n of_o money_n in_o the_o reddendo_fw-la with_o service_n use_v and_o wont_a which_o though_o true_o ward_n yet_o because_o the_o payment_n of_o money_n may_v render_v it_o dubious_a craig_n hold_v in_o the_o say_v dieg._n l._n 3._o that_o it_o will_v not_o infer_v recognition_n yet_o this_o will_v not_o give_v ground_n to_o think_v that_o alienation_n of_o land_n taxt-ward_n will_v excuse_v from_o recognition_n because_o ward_n be_v more_o clear_a and_o express_v nominatim_fw-la in_o that_o case_n in_o itself_o for_o the_o casualty_n thereof_o be_v tax_v as_o the_o marriage_n and_o ward-duty_n which_o 〈◊〉_d be_v but_o a_o liquidation_n or_o location_n of_o these_o casualty_n when_o they_o occur_v and_o no_o alteration_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o fee_n and_o therefore_o in_o the_o say_a pursuit_n at_o the_o instance_n of_o the_o lady_n carnagie_n contra_fw-la the_o lord_n cranburn_n it_o be_v not_o find_v relevant_a to_o exclude_v the_o recognition_n that_o the_o ward_n be_v tax_v 17._o it_o be_v also_o clear_a that_o alienation_n whether_o by_o infeftment_n hold_v of_o or_o from_o the_o vassal_n not_o exceed_v the_o half_a of_o the_o fee_n infer_v not_o recognition_n so_o much_o be_v indulge_v to_o the_o vassal_n for_o his_o conveniency_n or_o necessity_n but_o if_o together_o or_o by_o parcel_n or_o by_o annualrent_a the_o major_a part_n be_v alienat_fw-la not_o only_o that_o which_o then_o be_v in_o the_o vassal_n person_n fall_v under_o recognition_n but_o as_o craig_n hold_v in_o the_o forecited_a place_n dieg._n 3._o l._n 3._o even_o the_o whole_a fee_n so_o that_o parcel_n alienat_fw-la valid_o but_o without_o the_o superior_n consent_v before_o become_v void_a and_o return_v but_o though_o the_o vassal_n grant_v infeftment_n exceed_v the_o half_a of_o the_o fee_n yet_o if_o some_o of_o they_o be_v extinct_a before_o other_o be_v grant_v so_o that_o there_o be_v at_o no_o time_n right_n stand_v together_o exceed_v the_o half_a of_o the_o see_v recognition_n be_v not_o incur_v february_n 23._o 1681._o john_n hay_o contra_fw-la creditor_n of_o muirie_n but_o deed_n do_v by_o predecessor_n and_o their_o heir_n or_o author_n and_o their_o successor_n be_v in_o that_o case_n conjoin_v upon_o the_o same_o ground_n a_o infeftment_n of_o the_o see_v in_o liferent_a will_v not_o infer_v recognition_n because_o it_o exceed_v not_o the_o half_a of_o the_o value_n yea_o recognition_n be_v find_v not_o incur_v by_o grant_v a_o infeftment_n in_o warrandice_n for_o warrandice_n be_v but_o a_o hazard_n in_o case_n of_o eviction_n not_o equivalent_a to_o the_o half_a of_o the_o worth_n of_o the_o land_n grant_v in_o warrandice_n unless_o the_o right_n of_o the_o principal_a land_n be_v manifeft_o defective_a feb._n 21._o 1623._o cathcart_n contra_fw-la
immediate_a vassal_n but_o by_o all_o subaltern_a vassal_n and_o will_v not_o only_o be_v competent_a to_o the_o king_n upon_o deed_n of_o treason_n commit_v against_o he_o by_o his_o sub-vassal_n but_o by_o all_o deed_n of_o attrocity_n do_v against_o another_o superior_a by_o his_o sub-vassal_n as_o if_o his_o sub-vassal_n shall_v kill_v wound_n or_o betray_v his_o superior_a so_o that_o the_o question_n behove_v to_o return_v whether_o there_o be_v any_o feudal_a contract_n or_o obligation_n of_o fidelity_n betwixt_o the_o superior_a and_o his_o sub-vassal_n for_o if_o that_o be_v than_o vassal_n may_v fall_v in_o recognition_n by_o such_o deed_n not_o only_o against_o their_o immediate_a superior_n but_o against_o all_o their_o mediate_v superior_n though_o never_o so_o many_o for_o though_o the_o case_n in_o question_n be_v most_o odious_a and_o unfavourable_a be_v rebellion_n yet_o it_o have_v its_o proper_a punishment_n introduce_v by_o law_n and_o statute_n whereby_o the_o rebel_n lose_v life_n land_n and_o good_n to_o the_o king_n to_o who_o all_o his_o subject_n owe_v fidelity_n as_o subject_n though_o all_o do_v not_o owe_v the_o feudal_a fidelity_n as_o vassal_n yet_o if_o recognition_n take_v place_n as_o to_o the_o king_n it_o must_v likewise_o fall_v to_o all_o other_o superior_n whatever_o way_n the_o land_n be_v hold_v ward_n feu_n blensh_fw-mi or_o mortification_n if_o they_o have_v not_o a_o confirmation_n or_o consent_n of_o the_o superior_a anterior_a to_o the_o deed_n infer_v recognition_n we_o shall_v not_o therefore_o anticipat_v the_o public_a determination_n of_o the_o question_n if_o custom_n have_v determine_v it_o what_o will_v take_v place_n for_o all_o feudal_a right_n be_v local_a but_o there_o have_v not_o yet_o appear_v any_o case_n by_o which_o a_o donatar_n by_o his_o gift_n and_o presentation_n be_v infeft_v in_o the_o fee_n of_o the_o king_n sub-vassal_n forefault_n have_v exclude_v these_o who_o have_v real_a right_n from_o the_o forefaulted_a person_n before_o the_o treasonable_a fact_n though_o much_o have_v be_v dispute_v upon_o the_o act_n of_o par._n 9_o cap._n 2._o concern_v the_o quinquennial_a possession_n of_o forfaulted_a person_n especial_o from_o the_o last_o clause_n thereof_o bear_v that_o no_o person_n present_v by_o the_o king_n to_o feu_fw-fr land_n forefault_v nor_o any_o vassal_n of_o any_o fever_n forefault_v shall_v be_v compel_v to_o produce_v their_o acquittance_n of_o their_o feu-mail_n or_o annualrent_n of_o their_o forefaulted_a land_n of_o any_o year_n precede_v the_o forefaulture_n which_o do_v clear_o acknowledge_v that_o when_o the_o fever_n right_o be_v forefault_v his_o sub-vassal_n right_o be_v not_o forefaut_v yet_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o will_v not_o end_v the_o controversy_n by_o the_o act_n 72._o par._n 1457._o because_o these_o right_n of_o the_o sub-vassal_n of_o the_o forefaulted_a fever_n may_v have_v be_v confirm_v by_o the_o king_n special_o or_o general_o by_o the_o foresay_a act_n 1457._o but_o the_o general_a confirmation_n from_o that_o act_n can_v have_v no_o effect_n because_o the_o the_o sub-vassal_n who_o right_n be_v preserve_v by_o the_o act_n be_v not_o feve_v grant_v by_o ward-holders_n but_o be_v subaltern_a infeftment_n grant_v by_o forefaulted_a fever_n and_o without_o question_n the_o king_n have_v give_v no_o consent_n to_o any_o to_o grant_v feve_n but_o to_o ward-holders_n only_a for_o though_o the_o law_n hinder_v they_o to_o grant_v sub-feves_a or_o annualrent_n yet_o there_o be_v no_o consent_n or_o confirmation_n by_o the_o king_n thereto_o therefore_o if_o the_o king_n his_o immediate_a vassal_n be_v forefault_v all_o the_o ancient_a feve_n grant_v by_o he_o of_o the_o land_n hold_v ward_n will_v stand_v valid_a as_o be_v consent_v to_o by_o the_o king_n by_o the_o foresay_a statute_n but_o the_o feve_v grant_v by_o he_o of_o land_n hold_v blensh_o or_o feu_fw-fr will_v fall_v in_o consequence_n with_o his_o own_o feu_n or_o blensh_fw-mi and_o can_v defend_v against_o forefaulture_n more_o than_o annualrent_n or_o lucrative_a tack_n grant_v by_o he_o which_o law_n do_v allow_v and_o yet_o fall_v with_o his_o right_n unless_o consent_v to_o or_o confirm_v by_o the_o superior_a title_n xxii_o prescription_n 1._o prescription_n distinguish_v and_o describe_v 2._o usucapion_n 3._o the_o several_a time_n require_v to_o usucapion_n or_o prescription_n by_o the_o roman_a law_n 4._o requisite_n to_o prescription_n 5._o bona_fw-la fides_fw-la requisite_a to_o prescription_n 6._o whether_o he_o who_o doubt_v of_o his_o author_n right_o be_v in_o bona_fw-la or_o mala_fw-la fide_fw-la 7._o evidence_n of_o mala_fw-la fides_fw-la 8._o the_o title_n requisite_a to_o prescription_n 9_o the_o motive_n inductive_a of_o prescription_n 10._o exception_n where_o prescription_n take_v no_o place_n by_o the_o civil_a law_n 11._o the_o common_a rule_n of_o prescription_n with_o we_o 12._o the_o beginning_n of_o prescription_n of_o personal_a right_n with_o the_o extension_n thereof_o 13._o prescription_n of_o movable_n 14._o prescription_n be_v reckon_v the_o momento_n in_o momentum_fw-la per_fw-la tempus_fw-la continuum_fw-la 15._o prescription_n of_o heritable_a right_n 16._o prescription_n be_v not_o extend_v against_o the_o right_n of_o superiority_n 17._o prescription_n run_v not_o for_o tenant_n against_o their_o master_n 18._o prescription_n run_v not_o against_o minor_n but_o there_o be_v no_o exception_n of_o mortification_n to_o pious_a use_n 19_o in_o our_o long_a prescription_n bona_fw-la fides_n be_v not_o require_v 20._o the_o title_n requisite_a in_o prescription_n of_o heritable_a right_n 21._o this_o long_a prescription_n secure_v wodset_n infeftment_n for_o security_n teind_n and_o long_a tack_n 22._o how_o far_o teind_n can_v prescribe_v 23._o this_o prescription_n extend_v to_o patronage_n and_o office_n 24._o and_o to_o thirleage_v and_o all_o servitude_n 25._o this_o prescription_n exclude_v all_o action_n and_o ground_n of_o reduction_n and_o declarator_n if_o the_o essential_o of_o the_o title_n appear_v 26._o the_o several_a way_n of_o interruption_n of_o prescription_n 27._o the_o way_n of_o interruption_n by_o king_n charles_n the_o first_o as_o to_o special_a right_n of_o the_o crown_n by_o letter_n of_o publication_n 28._o the_o annual_a prescription_n of_o the_o privilege_n of_o appearand_a heir_n intra_fw-la annum_fw-la deliberandi_fw-la 29._o the_o biennial_a prescription_n of_o the_o preference_n of_o diligence_n of_o the_o creditor_n of_o defunct_n to_o the_o diligence_n of_o the_o creditor_n of_o the_o heir_n 30._o triennial_n prescription_n of_o spuilzie_n ejection_n intrusion_n and_o succeed_a in_o the_o vice_n merchants-counts_a house-mails_a and_o remove_n 31._o quadrennial_a prescription_n of_o the_o privilege_n to_o reduce_v deed_n of_o minor_n intra_fw-la quadrennium_fw-la utile_fw-la 32._o quinquennial_a prescription_n of_o arrestment_n minister_n stipend_n multure_n rent_n of_o tenant_n remove_v and_o legal_a reversion_n of_o special_a adjudication_n 33._o septennial_a prescription_n of_o old_a apprising_n and_o summon_n for_o interruption_n 34._o decennial_a prescription_n of_o late_a apprising_n or_o general_a adjudication_n 35._o prescription_n of_o twenty_o year_n of_o holograph_n bond_n missive_n and_o subscription_n in_o count-book_n without_o witness_n 36._o no_o prescription_n run_v in_o minority_n except_o remove_n house-mails_a and_o merchants-counts_a 1._o prescription_n be_v the_o common_a extinction_n and_o abolish_n of_o all_o right_n and_o therefore_o be_v reserve_v here_o to_o the_o last_o place_n the_o name_n and_o nature_n whereof_o we_o have_v from_o the_o civil_a law_n wherein_o prescription_n be_v sometime_o large_o take_v for_o any_o exception_n but_o have_v be_v appropriate_a to_o the_o most_o common_a exception_n in_o all_o case_n whereby_o all_o action_n and_o cause_n be_v exclude_v by_o course_n of_o time_n and_o so_o prescription_n have_v no_o further_a effect_n then_o to_o maintain_v the_o possessor_n in_o possession_n by_o exception_n but_o not_o to_o recover_v possession_n be_v lose_v and_o can_v not_o constitute_v the_o right_n of_o property_n 2._o in_o this_o prescription_n do_v chief_o differ_v from_o usucapion_n by_o the_o ancient_a roman_a law_n that_o usucapion_n do_v constitute_v property_n and_o therefore_o be_v define_v by_o modestinus_n l._n 3._o ff_n de_fw-fr usucapione_n adjectio_fw-la vel_fw-la acquisitio_fw-la dominii_fw-la per_fw-la continuationem_fw-la possessionis_fw-la temporis_fw-la lege_fw-la definiti_fw-la to_o which_o description_n the_o name_n do_v agree_v for_o usucapere_a est_fw-la capere_fw-la ex_fw-la usu_fw-la aut_fw-la possessione_n to_o take_v or_o acquire_v by_o use_n or_o possession_n but_o every_o possession_n be_v not_o sufficient_a unless_o it_o be_v a_o possession_n as_o proprietar_n or_o for_o the_o possessor_n own_o use_n only_o so_o detention_n of_o any_o thing_n in_o the_o name_n and_o for_o the_o use_n of_o another_o and_o for_o the_o possessor_n only_o in_o security_n as_o a_o pledge_n or_o wodset_n can_v constitute_v property_n 3._o as_o to_o the_o time_n appoint_v for_o usucapion_n
the_o land_n that_o the_o value_n and_o worth_n thereof_o may_v the_o more_o clear_o appear_v where_o after_o discuss_v of_o the_o appryzer_n claim_v the_o hability_n of_o the_o person_n of_o inquest_n and_o witness_n so_o much_o land_n be_v apprise_v and_o adjudge_v as_o be_v worth_a the_o sum_n the_o year_n rend_v to_o the_o superior_a and_o expense_n of_o infeftment_n and_o if_o the_o land_n be_v burden_v with_o any_o former_a annualrent_n whereby_o a_o proportion_n of_o land_n can_v not_o be_v apprise_v free_a of_o burden_n there_o be_v apprise_v a_o annualrent_a forth_o of_o the_o land_n effeirand_a to_o the_o sum_n and_o expense_n aforesaid_a and_o redeemable_a in_o the_o same_o manner_n which_o be_v sustain_v by_o the_o meaning_n and_o intent_n of_o the_o statute_n though_o by_o the_o word_n of_o it_o apprize_a of_o land_n be_v only_o mention_v it_o be_v ever_o extend_v to_o all_o heritable_a right_n thus_o it_o continue_v till_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n upon_o exception_n against_o the_o sheriff_n upon_o his_o interest_n relation_n or_o enimity_n or_o upon_o the_o lie_a of_o land_n in_o diverse_a jurisdiction_n for_o prevent_v of_o expense_n by_o many_o appryzing_n where_o the_o land_n in_o one_o jurisdiction_n suffice_v not_o do_v grant_v letter_n of_o apprize_a under_o the_o signet_n direct_v not_o to_o the_o ordinar_n sheriff_n but_o to_o sherift_n in_o that_o part_n which_o be_v frequent_a do_v come_v to_o run_v in_o course_n to_o messenger_n as_o sheriff_n in_o that_o part_n etc._n etc._n and_o thereby_o the_o appryzer_n in_o respect_n the_o letter_n have_v a_o blank_a for_o insert_v the_o messenger_n name_n do_v choice_n the_o messenger_n who_o do_v denunce_v all_o land_n and_o other_o heritable_a right_n which_o the_o appryzer_n pretend_v to_o belong_v to_o his_o debtor_n and_o in_o respect_n the_o letter_n bear_v dispensation_n of_o the_o place_n do_v apprise_v at_o edinhurgh_n all_o that_o the_o appryzer_n clame_v in_o satisfaction_n of_o the_o debt_n without_o knowledge_n or_o consideration_n of_o the_o value_n of_o the_o land_n or_o other_o apprise_v or_o proportion_n to_o the_o sum_n apprise_v for_o and_o thereupon_o be_v infeft_v in_o the_o whole_a and_o pay_v to_o the_o superior_a a_o composition_n for_o a_o year_n rend_v of_o the_o whole_a which_o be_v a_o considerable_a accession_n to_o the_o debtor_n debt_n and_o behove_v to_o be_v pay_v by_o he_o and_o by_o the_o say_n appryzing_n the_o appryzer_n may_v and_o oftentimes_o do_v enter_v in_o possession_n of_o the_o whole_a land_n without_o be_v countable_a for_o the_o rent_n thereof_o of_o what_o quantity_n soever_o by_o this_o abuse_n the_o intent_n of_o that_o excellent_a statute_n for_o appryzing_n be_v enervat_fw-la and_o the_o same_o turn_v in_o a_o mere_a formality_n until_o the_o par._n 1621._o cap._n 6._o which_o begin_v to_o correct_v that_o exorbitant_a abuse_n and_o declare_v appryzer_n countable_a for_o their_o intromission_n in_o so_o far_o as_o exceed_v their_o annualrent_n to_o be_v impute_v in_o their_o principal_a sum_n pro_fw-la tanto_fw-la and_o that_o they_o be_v thereby_o satisfy_v of_o their_o sum_n principal_a and_o annual_a composition_n to_o the_o superior_a and_o expense_n of_o apprize_a and_o infeftment_n that_o thereby_o the_o apprize_a shall_v expyre_v ipso_fw-la facto_fw-la and_o it_o be_v also_o declare_v that_o if_o the_o land_n apprise_v be_v not_o worth_a of_o free_a rent_n effeirand_a to_o the_o annualrent_a of_o the_o say_a sum_n that_o before_o redemption_n he_o shall_v be_v satisfy_v of_o the_o superplus_n by_o which_o act_n it_o be_v declare_v that_o minor_n may_v redeem_v land_n apprise_v from_o they_o at_o any_o time_n within_o their_o age_n of_o twenty_o five_o year_n complete_a yet_o so_o that_o after_o the_o first_o seven_o year_n the_o appryzer_n shall_v have_v the_o benefit_n of_o the_o whole_a mail_n and_o duty_n till_o he_o be_v redeem_v which_o have_v always_o be_v extend_v to_o land_n apprise_v from_o person_n be_v major_a if_o a_o minor_a succeed_v during_o the_o legal_a and_o if_o a_o person_n be_v major_a succeed_v to_o he_o who_o be_v minor_a he_o have_v the_o benefit_n of_o reversion_n of_o seven_o year_n in_o so_o far_o as_o be_v not_o run_v in_o the_o minor_n life_n and_o if_o less_o remain_v then_o a_o year_n at_o the_o minor_n death_n the_o major_n have_v a_o full_a year_n to_o redeem_v after_o the_o minor_n death_n and_o by_o the_o act_n 1669._o of_o the_o abrogat_fw-la parliament_n 1641._o appryzer_n be_v declare_v countable_a for_o the_o rent_n of_o apprise_v land_n intromet_v with_o by_o they_o during_o all_o the_o time_n of_o the_o legal_a whether_o competent_a to_o minor_n or_o other_o and_o because_o of_o another_o great_a abuse_n by_o the_o debord_v of_o appryzing_n from_o the_o first_o institution_n that_o the_o first_o appryzer_n apprize_a the_o whole_a estate_n the_o other_o creditor_n have_v no_o more_o but_o the_o legal_a reversion_n which_o do_v ordinary_o expyre_v the_o subsequent_a creditor_n not_o be_v able_a to_o raise_v money_n to_o redeem_v the_o anterior_a appryzer_n whereby_o the_o first_o appryzer_n carry_v the_o whole_a estate_n and_o exclude_v all_o the_o rest_n and_o be_v ashamed_a to_o take_v so_o great_a a_o legal_a advantage_n and_o sometime_o not_o dare_v to_o make_v use_n of_o it_o do_v ordinary_o compone_v with_o the_o debtor_n his_o appearand_a heir_n or_o some_o confident_a to_o their_o behoof_n whereby_o the_o debtor_n heir_n recover_v his_o whole_a estate_n by_o satisfy_v one_o creditor_n and_o exclude_v all_o the_o rest_n therefore_o the_o par._n 1661._o by_o their_o act_n 62._o anent_o debtor_n and_o creditor_n declare_v that_o all_o appryzing_n deduce_v since_o the_o first_o of_o january_n 1652._o or_o to_o be_v deduce_v in_o time_n come_v within_o a_o year_n after_o the_o first_o apprize_a which_o become_v effectual_a by_o infeftment_n or_o charge_n shall_v come_v in_o pari_fw-la passu_fw-la as_o if_o one_o apprize_a have_v be_v lead_v for_o all_o the_o sum_n and_o thereby_o the_o legal_a be_v extend_v to_o ten_o year_n and_o it_o be_v declare_v that_o whensoever_o the_o appearand_a heir_n or_o any_o to_o his_o behoof_n shall_v acquire_v right_a to_o any_o expyre_v apprize_a that_o the_o same_o shall_v be_v redeem_v from_o they_o within_o the_o space_n of_o ten_o year_n after_o their_o acquiry_n by_o posterior_n appryzer_n upon_o payment_n of_o what_o they_o true_o pay_v in_o so_o far_o as_o shall_v not_o be_v satisfy_v by_o their_o intromission_n but_o neither_o do_v this_o statute_n cure_v the_o abuse_n of_o appryzing_n and_o therefore_o the_o act_n of_o par._n of_o the_o 6._o of_o septem_fw-la 1672._o upon_o consideration_n of_o debord_v of_o appryzing_n from_o the_o first_o design_n and_o of_o the_o great_a inconvenience_n arise_v thereby_o for_o the_o bring_n in_o of_o all_o appryzer_n within_o year_n and_o day_n do_v give_v way_n to_o break_v the_o credit_n and_o ruin_v the_o interest_n of_o the_o most_o considerable_a heretor_n in_o the_o kingdom_n that_o creditor_n be_v thereby_o invite_v under_o the_o hazard_n of_o be_v exclude_v to_o appryze_v within_o a_o year_n and_o thereby_o one_o wilful_a malicious_a or_o necessitous_a creditor_n apprize_v all_o the_o rest_n follow_v and_o entire_o brook_v their_o credit_n unless_o they_o will_v pay_v all_o their_o debt_n in_o one_o day_n therefore_o the_o parliament_n do_v in_o place_n of_o appryzing_n ordain_v adjudication_n to_o proceed_v before_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n for_o adjudge_v the_o land_n and_o other_o heritable_a right_n of_o debtor_n effeirand_a to_o the_o sum_n apprise_v for_o and_o a_o five_o part_v more_o in_o place_n of_o the_o penaltiy_n and_o sheriff-fee_n and_o allow_v witness_n for_o either_o party_n for_o clear_v of_o the_o rental_a and_o rate_n of_o the_o land_n in_o the_o several_a place_n where_o they_o lie_v and_o appoint_v the_o adjudger_n to_o have_v present_a possession_n of_o the_o land_n adjudge_v not_o be_v accountable_a for_o his_o intromission_n during_o the_o legal_a redeemable_a only_o within_o five_o year_n whereby_o the_o creditor_n have_v easy_a accress_n for_o his_o satisfaction_n without_o all_o hazard_n or_o account_n which_o have_v be_v the_o ground_n of_o many_o tedious_a process_n of_o count_n and_o reckon_a for_o the_o intromission_n of_o former_a appryzer_n and_o wherein_o the_o adjudger_n be_v to_o have_v the_o consent_n of_o his_o debtor_n both_o as_o to_o right_n and_o possession_n and_o delivery_n of_o the_o evident_n and_o it_o be_v declare_v that_o if_o the_o debtor_n do_v not_o instruct_v and_o deliver_v a_o good_a right_n and_o consent_n as_o say_v be_v that_o the_o creditor_n may_v adjudge_v all_o the_o debtor_n estate_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n and_o to_o the_o same_o effect_n as_o be_v appoint_v by_o the_o act_n of_o par._n 1661._o between_o debtor_n and_o creditor_n we_o shall_v not_o here_o speak_v of_o
his_o council_n in_o any_o matter_n to_o be_v inquire_v before_o they_o par._n 1564._o cap._n 129._o purchaser_n of_o benefice_n at_o the_o court_n of_o rome_n be_v ordain_v to_o be_v denunce_v as_o traitor_n to_o the_o king_n par._n 1471._o cap._n 43._o par._n 1488._o cap._n 4._o par._n 1540_o cap._n 119._o so_o forger_n of_o the_o king_n coin_n and_o home-bringer_n thereof_o incur_v the_o lose_v of_o life_n land_n and_o good_n par._n 1563._o cap._n 70._o say_v of_o mass_n reset_a of_o jesuit_n seminary_n priest_n and_o traffique_a papist_n and_o these_o themselves_o be_v liable_a to_o treason_n par._n 1592._o cap._n 120._o par._n 1607._o cap._n 1._o raise_v of_o fire_n wilful_o or_o burn_v of_o house_n or_o corn_n whither_o folk_n be_v therein_o or_o not_o be_v declare_v treason_n par._n 1592._o cap._n 146._o land_a man_n commit_v or_o reset_a riot_n or_o robbery_n incur_v the_o pain_n of_o treason_n par._n 1587._o cap._n 50._o and_o general_o resetter_n maintainer_n and_o assister_n of_o declare_a traitor_n commit_v treason_n par._n 1592._o cap._n 144._o accuser_n of_o other_o of_o treason_n if_o the_o accuse_v be_v acquit_v commit_v treason_n par._n 1587._o cap._n 47._o 30._o forefaulture_n confiscate_v the_o forfaulted_a person_n whole_a estate_n without_o any_o access_n to_o his_o creditor_n yea_o without_o consideration_n of_o disposition_n infeftment_n or_o other_o real_a right_n grant_v by_o the_o forfaulted_a person_n since_o or_o before_o the_o commit_n of_o the_o crime_n of_o treason_n for_o which_o he_o be_v forfault_v which_o fall_n and_o become_v null_n by_o exception_n hope_n forfaultur_n viscount_n of_o rochester_n contra_fw-la tevent_v of_o callaurock_n july_n 14._o 1610._o campbel_n contra_fw-la lifnories_n spot_n conjunctfie_n crawfoord_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o murdiestoun_n unless_o these_o right_n have_v be_v confirm_v by_o the_o king_n as_o superior_a or_o consent_v to_o by_o he_o it_o only_o remain_v dubius_fw-la whether_o feu_n infeftment_n grant_v by_o forefault_n person_n before_o commit_v of_o the_o crime_n be_v also_o annult_v by_o the_o 〈◊〉_d and_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n anent_o feus_n parnell_n 155._o cap._n 72._o shall_v not_o only_o defend_v they_o against_o recognition_n and_o the_o casualty_n of_o superiority_n but_o even_o against_o forfaultur_n itself_o it_o be_v therein_o declare_v that_o the_o king_n will_v ratify_v the_o say_n feus_n the_o like_a be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o other_o superior_n so_o that_o though_o de_fw-fr facto_fw-la they_o be_v not_o confirm_v yet_o the_o declaration_n and_o obleigment_n of_o the_o statute_n stand_v as_o a_o confirmation_n thereof_o or_o at_o least_o as_o a_o obleigment_n upon_o all_o superior_n against_o which_o they_o nor_o their_o donator_n can_v come_v this_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v while_o 〈◊〉_d be_v allow_v by_o law_n vide_fw-la title_n infefint_v 34._o sect._n it_o be_v so_o decide_v february_n 12._o 1674._o mark_n of_o huntlie_o contra_fw-la gordon_n cairnlorrow_n november_n 16._o 1680._o campbel_n of_o silver_n craigs_fw-mi contra_fw-la land_n of_o auchinbreck_n and_o the_o earl_n of_o argyl_n not_o only_o because_o the_o act_n of_o payliament_n 1587._o import_v a_o confirmation_n of_o feus_n grant_v thereafter_o but_o also_o because_o forefaulture_n be_v by_o penal_a statute_n and_o not_o by_o the_o feudal_n right_o like_v unto_o liferent_a escheat_n which_o return_v the_o fie_o to_o the_o superior_n but_o with_o the_o burden_n put_v thereupon_o by_o the_o vassal_n whether_o feu_n blensh_fw-mi ward_n or_o by_o annualrent_a or_o tack_v and_o therefore_o when_o any_o person_n be_v forefault_n that_o be_v not_o the_o king_n immediate_a ward_n vassal_n his_o estate_n both_o property_n and_o superiority_n fall_v to_o the_o king_n but_o with_o the_o burden_n of_o all_o real_a right_n constitute_v by_o the_o vassal_n yet_o forefaultur_n of_o the_o king_n immediate_a ward_n vassal_n proceed_v upon_o crime_n infer_v recognition_n and_o therefore_o return_v his_o ward_n land_n to_o the_o king_n as_o they_o come_v from_o the_o king_n free_a of_o all_o burden_n so_o that_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1457._o which_o unquestionable_o secure_v against_o ward_n and_o recognition_n must_v also_o secure_v feus_n against_o the_o forefaultur_n of_o the_o vassal_n grant_a of_o the_o feus_n but_o will_v not_o secure_v any_o other_o subaltern_a right_n without_o the_o superior_n consent_n as_o a_o blensh_a infeftment_n jan._n 13._o 1677._o mark_n of_o huntlie_o contra_fw-la laird_n of_o grant_n 32._o tack_n also_o be_v necessary_a and_o profitable_a be_v not_o exclude_v by_o forfaultur_n maitland_n december_n 14._o 1570._o home_o of_o manderstoun_n contra_fw-la tenant_n of_o oldhamstock_n leslie_n of_o wachtcun_fw-la contra_fw-la the_o like_o as_o to_o tack_n for_o a_o competent_a duty_n but_o not_o in_o tack_n for_o grassam_n january_n 28._o 1674._o general_n dalziel_n contra_fw-la tenant_n of_o caldwall_n 33._o but_o by_o the_o act_n of_o par._n 1644._o forfaultur_n be_v declare_v to_o be_v without_o prejudice_n to_o all_o person_n not_o accessary_a to_o the_o crime_n of_o the_o superior_a of_o the_o right_n of_o property_n of_o any_o land_n wodset_n or_o other_o hold_v by_o they_o of_o the_o forefault_n person_n or_o of_o the_o payment_n of_o their_o just_a debt_n or_o relief_n of_o their_o cautionry_n our_o of_o the_o forfaulted_a estate_n which_o be_v now_o rescind_v by_o the_o general_a act_n rescissary_n par._n 1661._o cap._n 15._o 34._o forefaultur_n can_v not_o be_v pronunce_v in_o absence_n of_o the_o forefault_n person_n by_o the_o justice_n gerneral_n but_o only_o by_o the_o parliament_n so_o that_o no_o certification_n of_o the_o justice_n can_v reach_v land_n but_o only_o movable_n so_o july_n 8._o 1662._o william_n yeoman_n contra_fw-la mr._n patrick_n oliphant_n neither_o can_v it_o extend_v to_o heritable_a band_n november_n 31._o 1671._o anthony_n hag_n contra_fw-la moscrop_a and_o rutherfoord_n but_o now_o the_o justice_n may_v proceed_v to_o forefault_n absent_v in_o case_n of_o open_a rebellion_n and_o rise_v in_o arm_n par._n 1669._o cap._n 11._o 35._o because_o of_o the_o defficulty_n the_o king_n or_o his_o donatar_n may_v have_v in_o know_v the_o right_n of_o foresaulted_a person_n by_o labour_v the_o same_o with_o their_o own_o good_n set_v the_o same_o to_o tenant_n and_o up-lifting_a the_o mail_n and_o duty_n as_o their_o heritage_n and_o so_o be_v reput_fw-la heritable_a possessor_n for_o the_o space_n of_o five_o year_n immediate_o precede_v the_o process_n of_o forefalture_n the_o land_n so_o labour_v or_o possess_v pertain_v to_o the_o king_n and_o his_o donatar_n though_o they_o can_v produce_v no_o heritable_a right_n or_o title_n thereof_o in_o the_o forefault_n person_n for_o trial_n whereof_o commission_n may_v be_v grant_v under_o the_o testimonial_a of_o the_o great_a seal_n to_o such_o person_n as_o shall_v be_v think_v fit_a by_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o secret_a council_n to_o take_v cognition_n by_o a_o inquest_n what_o land_n be_v brook_v by_o the_o forefault_n person_n as_o heritable_a possessor_n thereof_o so_o common_o reput_n and_o esteem_v by_o the_o say_v five_o year_n space_n with_o power_n to_o call_v before_o they_o all_o party_n pretend_v interest_n which_o be_v reture_v to_o the_o chancelarie_n ad_fw-la perpetuam_fw-la remanentiam_fw-la shall_v be_v a_o sufficient_a right_n par._n 1584._o cap._n 2._o this_o right_n be_v sustain_v to_o a_o donatar_n though_o near_a of_o kin_n to_o the_o forefault_n person_n and_o presumeable_a to_o have_v his_o right_a july_n 11._o 1623._o maxwel_o contra_fw-la westeraw_n but_o here_o the_o donatar_n be_v make_v to_o depone_v that_o he_o have_v just_a reason_n to_o affirm_v that_o the_o right_n be_v want_v hope_v possession_n inter_fw-la eosdem_fw-la this_o right_n be_v not_o elide_v though_o it_o be_v offer_v to_o be_v prove_v that_o the_o forefault_n person_n right_o be_v reduce_v in_o foro_fw-la contradictorio_fw-la upon_o recognition_n before_o his_o forefaulture_n feb._n 20._o 1611._o hairstons_n contra_fw-la ramebel_n so_o the_o say_v 5._o year_n possession_n be_v repute_n heritable_a possessor_n infer_v presumptionem_fw-la juris_fw-la &_o de_fw-la jure_fw-la of_o the_o forefaulted_a person_n right_o which_o admit_v no_o contrary_a probation_n as_o to_o the_o forefaulted_a person_n right_o if_o the_o quinquennial_n peaceable_a and_o lawful_a possession_n be_v prove_v but_o the_o probation_n thereof_o by_o inquest_n will_v not_o exclude_v a_o contrary_a probation_n by_o reduction_n of_o the_o possession_n of_o other_o within_o the_o 5._o year_n and_o if_o the_o possession_n be_v not_o lawful_a and_o peaceable_a but_o interrupt_v or_o vicious_a the_o statute_n take_v no_o place_n for_o by_o possession_n lawful_a peaceable_a possession_n of_o the_o forefaulted_a person_n must_v be_v understand_v and_o if_o any_o person_n have_v move_v action_n within_o the_o 5._o year_n for_o take_v away_o the_o rebel_n right_a and_o possession_n they_o will_v be_v hear_v after_o the_o forefaulture_n as_o
be_v find_v to_o have_v no_o aliment_n from_o his_o mother_n life-rent_a who_o bring_v 8000._o mark_n of_o tocher_n and_o have_v but_o 10._o chalder_n of_o victual_n in_o life-rent_a july_n 21._o 1626._o laird_n of_o ramorny_n contra_fw-la law_n the_o like_a where_o the_o heir_n be_v not_o minor_a but_o design_v himself_o preacher_n and_o so_o have_v a_o calling_n feb._n 11._o 1636._o sibbald_n contra_fw-la wallace_n here_o the_o relict_n be_v infeft_v in_o no_o land_n but_o have_v a_o annualrent_a of_o 400._o mark_n out_o of_o land_n and_o the_o heir_n be_v not_o minor_a whereas_o the_o lord_n think_v the_o act_n of_o parliament_n be_v not_o in_o favour_n of_o major_n who_o ought_v to_o do_v for_o themselves_o but_o all_o must_v be_v consider_v complex_o in_o this_o decision_n some_o heir_n by_o their_o quality_n not_o be_v bind_v to_o follow_v calling_n but_o the_o life-rent_a be_v a_o mean_a annualrent_n no_o more_o than_o a_o aliment_n to_o the_o relict_n the_o pursuer_fw-mi major_n and_o have_v a_o call_n and_o certain_o where_o the_o life-rent_a be_v but_o a_o aliment_n the_o appearand_a heir_n must_v rather_o want_v than_o the_o person_n provide_v for_o a_o cause_n onerous_a though_o the_o act_n mention_v only_a ward_n land_n yet_o it_o be_v extend_v to_o a_o minor_a have_v no_o ward_n land_n against_o a_o life-rent_a of_o all_o his_o fstate_n be_v house_n and_o annualrent_a of_o money_n feb._n 22._o 1631._o fiinnie_n contra_fw-la oliphant_n in_o this_o case_n it_o be_v not_o find_v sufficient_a that_o the_o life-rent_a offer_v to_o maintain_v the_o minor_a her_o own_o child_n upon_o her_o own_o charge_n she_o be_v marry_v to_o a_o second_o husband_n but_o the_o tutor_n obtain_v modisication_n with_o consideration_n of_o the_o movable_a heirship_n on_o the_o contrary_a where_o the_o mother_n be_v not_o marry_v her_o offer_n of_o entertainment_n be_v receive_v july_n 14._o 〈◊〉_d alexander_n noble_a and_o his_o tutor_n contra_fw-la his_o mother_n neither_o be_v the_o modifi_n cation_n exclude_v because_o there_o be_v free_a land_n at_o the_o defuncft_a death_n see_v they_o be_v apprise_v thereafter_o for_o the_o defunct_n debt_n hope_v the_o haer_v white_a contra_fw-la caldwall_n the_o like_a the_o debt_n be_v great_a and_o the_o annualrent_a thereof_o equivalent_a to_o the_o rent_n of_o the_o land_n not_o liferent_v feb._n 13._o 1662._o antonia_n broun_n contra_fw-la her_o mother_n but_o aliment_n be_v not_o find_v due_a by_o a_o father_n life-rent_a to_o his_o son_n on_o this_o act_n but_o only_o super_fw-la jure_fw-la naturae_fw-la july_n 21._o 1636._o laird_n of_o rumorney_n contra_fw-la law_n nor_o by_o a_o grandfather_n to_o his_o oye_n who_o have_v dispone_v his_o estate_n to_o his_o son_n reserve_v his_o life-rent_a of_o a_o part_n the_o rest_n unsold_a by_o his_o son_n be_v liferented_n by_o his_o wife_n july_n 7._o 1629._o hamilton_n contra_fw-la his_o goodsir_n but_o where_o the_o heir_n mother_n bring_v a_o great_a tough_a and_o the_o grandfather_n fall_v to_o a_o plentiful_a estate_n by_o his_o brother_n the_o heir_n be_v find_v to_o have_v aliment_n of_o his_o goodsir_n though_o he_o dispone_v the_o land_n to_o the_o heir_n father_n burden_v with_o his_o mother_n life-rent_a june_n 27._o 1662._o heir_n of_o gairn_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o gairn_n this_o behove_v not_o to_o be_v from_o the_o statute_n but_o ex_fw-la debito_fw-la naturali_fw-la aliment_n be_v find_v due_a by_o a_o liferenter_fw-la to_o her_o daughter_n the_o appearand_a heir_n though_o she_o renounce_v to_o be_v heir_n july_n 16._o 1667._o hamilton_n contra_fw-la symonton_n but_o where_o a_o father_n dispone_v to_o his_o son_n a_o part_n of_o his_o estate_n reserve_v his_o life-rent_a and_o another_o to_o his_o son_n and_o his_o wife_n in_o conjunctfie_n after_o his_o son_n death_n his_o appearand_a heir_n get_v no_o part_n of_o his_o aliment_n from_o his_o goodsir_n but_o only_o from_o his_o mother_n feb._n 26._o 1675._o sr._n john_n whitfoord_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o lamington_n aliment_n be_v find_v due_a to_o the_o heir_n by_o a_o asigney_n to_o a_o gift_n of_o ward_n without_o necessity_n to_o prove_v that_o he_o intromit_v with_o the_o ward_n land_n unless_o he_o have_v be_v legal_o exclude_v which_o be_v modify_v by_o the_o lord_n and_o it_o be_v not_o find_v sufficient_a to_o entertain_v he_o in_o the_o assignyes_n family_n but_o nothing_o be_v modify_v for_o that_o time_n that_o the_o minor_n mother_n alimented_a he_o gratis_o feb._n 19_o 1679._o sibbald_n of_o cair_a contra_fw-la sr._n alexander_n ealconer_n 4._o heir_n also_o not_o enter_v have_v the_o benefit_n of_o such_o obliegment_n or_o provision_n conceive_v in_o favour_n of_o heir_n which_o by_o their_o nature_n or_o mean_v require_v to_o be_v fulfil_v before_o the_o heir_n entry_n as_o when_o a_o party_n be_v obleige_v to_o employ_v a_o sum_n upon_o land_n and_o to_o procure_v himself_o and_o his_o umquhil_a spouse_n infeft_v therein_o in_o life-rent_a and_o the_o heir_n procreate_v betwixt_o they_o in_o fee_n the_o bairn_n of_o the_o marriage_n who_o will_v fall_v heir_n be_v thereby_o find_v to_o have_v right_o to_o crave_v his_o father_n to_o employ_v the_o money_n according_o though_o he_o never_o be_v nor_o actual_o can_v be_v heir_n his_o father_n be_v alive_a december_n 16._o 1628._o laird_n of_o collington_n contra_fw-la granton_n in_o this_o case_n the_o lord_n incline_v so_o to_o decide_v but_o decide_v not_o but_o that_o day_n durie_n observe_v a_o like_a case_n decide_v july_n 7._o 1632._o young_a contra_fw-la young_a the_o like_a be_v decide_v feb._n 13._o 1677._o alexander_n frazer_n contra_fw-la john_n frazer_n in_o which_o case_n a_o father_n by_o his_o contract_n of_o marriage_n be_v obleige_v to_o employ_v a_o certain_a sum_n upon_o security_n to_o he_o and_o his_o wife_n in_o conjunct-fee_n and_o to_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o marriage_n and_o likewise_o to_o take_v all_o conquest_n during_o the_o marriage_n the_o one_o half_a to_o the_o wife_n in_o life-rent_a and_o the_o other_o to_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o marriage_n in_o fee_n after_o the_o wife_n death_n process_n be_v sustain_v at_o the_o instance_n of_o the_o apparent_a heir_n of_o the_o marriage_n against_o his_o father_n who_o be_v decern_v to_o employ_v the_o special_a sum_n to_o himself_o and_o after_o his_o decease_n to_o the_o heir_n apparent_a of_o the_o marriage_n albeit_o thereby_o the_o father_n will_v remain_v fire_n and_o may_v dispone_v or_o burden_v the_o sum_n so_o employ_v for_o reasonable_a consideration_n but_o not_o by_o deed_n mere_o gratuitous_a to_o evacuat_v the_o obleigment_n and_o if_o he_o do_v deed_n prejudicial_a he_o will_v be_v obleige_v to_o purge_v the_o same_o or_o re-imploy_a 〈◊〉_d but_o it_o be_v not_o so_o find_v as_o to_o the_o conquest_n before_o the_o marriage_n which_o may_v be_v alter_v during_o his_o life_n for_o that_o only_o can_v be_v account_v conquest_n that_o he_o have_v more_o at_o his_o death_n then_o at_o his_o marriage_n and_o so_o heir_n of_o a_o marriage_n in_o a_o obleigment_n in_o case_n a_o wife_n decease_v without_o survive_a heir_n of_o the_o marriage_n these_o be_v interpret_v bairn_n of_o the_o marriage_n who_o survive_v their_o mother_n but_o die_v before_o their_o father_n and_o so_o can_v never_o be_v serve_v heir_n to_o he_o january_n 26._o 1630._o turnbul_n contra_fw-la colinshlie_n the_o like_a where_o a_o father_n be_v obleige_v to_o infeft_n himself_o and_o his_o spouse_n in_o conjunct-fee_n and_o the_o heir_n procreate_v betwixt_o they_o etc._n etc._n the_o apparent_a heir_n be_v find_v to_o have_v interest_n to_o pursue_v the_o father_n for_o fulfil_v thereof_o and_o of_o the_o obleigment_n adjoin_v not_o to_o dispone_v in_o their_o prejudice_n hope_v de_fw-fr haeredibus_fw-la hamilton_n contra_fw-la silvertonhil_n tack_n set_v to_o heir_n require_v no_o service_n but_o be_v notour_n to_o be_v the_o person_n who_o may_v be_v serve_v heir_n they_o have_v right_a without_o service_n june_n 9_o 1675._o hoom_n contra_fw-la johnston_n of_o oldwells_n 5._o as_o to_o the_o benefit_n of_o heir_n they_o have_v right_o not_o only_o to_o obleigment_n conceive_v in_o favour_n of_o the_o defunct_a and_o his_o heir_n but_o though_o there_o be_v no_o mention_n of_o heir_n unless_o by_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o obleigment_n there_o be_v a_o speciallity_n appropriate_v the_o same_o to_o the_o person_n of_o the_o defunct_a only_o as_o in_o commission_n trust_n etc._n etc._n so_o heir_n be_v find_v to_o have_v the_o benefit_n of_o a_o promise_n make_v to_o their_o predecessor_n for_o dispone_v of_o land_n to_o he_o acquire_v for_o his_o use_n though_o it_o mention_v not_o heir_n feb._n 22._o 1610._o heir_n of_o jean_n 〈◊〉_d contra_fw-la livingston_n the_o like_a of_o a_o reversion_n not_o mention_v heir_n which_o be_v think_v to_o be_v omit_v by_o neglect_n see_v it_o bear_v not_o
in_o the_o superior_n hand_n but_o if_o within_o the_o half_a they_o be_v not_o null_a as_o to_o the_o vassal_n but_o be_v null_a as_o to_o the_o superior_a and_o exclude_v he_o from_o no_o casualty_n of_o his_o superiority_n as_o ward_n etc._n etc._n but_o as_o the_o half_n may_v be_v sub-sett_a so_o any_o other_o right_o less_o than_o the_o value_n of_o the_o half_a be_v sustain_v as_o a_o infeftment_n of_o warrandice_n march_v 6._o 1611._o cathcart_n contra_fw-la campbel_n the_o like_a hold_n of_o infeftment_n of_o liferent_a but_o if_o the_o disposition_n or_o infeftment_n be_v grant_v to_o the_o vassal_n appearand_a heir_n in_o linea_fw-la recta_fw-la it_o infer_v not_o recognition_n be-because_a the_o superior_a be_v not_o prejudge_v by_o change_n of_o his_o vassal_n but_o recognition_n be_v find_v incur_v by_o a_o disposition_n and_o infeftment_n to_o the_o vassal_n brother_n though_o his_o appearand_a heir_n for_o the_o time_n see_v there_o remain_v hope_n of_o issue_n in_o the_o disponer_n and_o so_o his_o brother_n be_v not_o alioqui_fw-la successurus_fw-la spot_n recognition_n advocate_n and_o his_o son_n contra_fw-la the_o earl_n of_o cassils_n and_o collane_n feus_n of_o ward-land_n grant_v by_o the_o king_n ward-vassal_n after_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1457._o and_o before_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1633._o be_v find_v not_o only_o to_o be_v free_a from_o the_o ward-liferent-escheat_n or_o recognition_n of_o the_o king_n vassal_n but_o also_o that_o the_o sub-vassal_n feu_n do_v not_o fall_v by_o his_o superior_a the_o king_n vassal_n forefaulture_n because_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n express_v a_o confirmation_n of_o such_o feus_n which_o therefore_o need_v not_o be_v pass_v in_o exchequer_n without_o which_o there_o be_v no_o doubt_n but_o ward_n and_o nonentry_n be_v exclude_v and_o by_o a_o confirmation_n in_o exchequer_n forefaulture_n will_v be_v exclude_v without_o question_n even_o after_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1633._o and_o therefore_o the_o ratification_n and_o approbation_n of_o feus_n by_o the_o act_n 1457._o when_o it_o be_v in_o vigour_n must_v also_o secure_v against_o forefaulture_n of_o the_o grant_a of_o the_o feu_n as_o be_v find_v february_n 12._o 1674._o and_o january_n 23._o 1680._o marquess_z of_o huntly_n contra_fw-la gordoun_n of_o cairnborrow_n who_o feu_n be_v grant_v after_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1457._o and_o before_o the_o act_n 1606._o be_v sustain_v against_o a_o donatar_n of_o his_o superior_n forefaulture_n the_o like_a though_o the_o feu_n be_v renew_v upon_o resignation_n in_o favorem_fw-la not_o be_v ad_fw-la remanentiam_fw-la november_n 16._o 1680._o campbel_n of_o silver-craigs_a contra_fw-la laird_n of_o achinbreck_n and_o earl_n of_o argyle_n 33._o infeftment_n blensh_fw-mi be_v such_o who_o reddendo_fw-la be_v a_o small_a elusory_a rent_n as_o be_v rather_o a_o acknowledgement_n of_o then_o prosite_a to_o the_o superior_a and_o therefore_o ordinary_o it_o bear_v si_fw-la petatur_fw-la tantum_fw-la as_o a_o rose_n penny_n money_n or_o the_o like_a and_o these_o be_v not_o count_v blensh_o right_n unless_o they_o bear_v in_o name_n of_o blensh_fw-mi ferm_n or_o if_o they_o bear_v not_o si_fw-la petatur_fw-la or_o if_o it_o be_v a_o yearly_a growth_n or_o service_n it_o be_v not_o due_a and_o may_v not_o be_v demand_v at_o any_o time_n unless_o it_o be_v demand_v within_o the_o year_n at_o the_o term_n as_o a_o stone_n of_o wax_n or_o a_o pound_n of_o pepper_n february_n 16._o 1627._o lord_n semple_n contra_fw-la blair_n where_o the_o like_a be_v observe_v to_o have_v be_v before_o june_n 18._o 1611._o bishop_n of_o st._n andrews_n contra_fw-la galloway_n the_o like_a find_v where_o the_o reddendo_fw-la bear_v si_fw-la petatur_fw-la tantum_fw-la june_n 15._o 1611._o bishop_n of_o st._n andrews_n contra_fw-la terson_n so_o blensh_o duty_n of_o land_n hold_v of_o the_o king_n or_o prince_n be_v declare_v only_o due_a if_o they_o be_v ask_v yearly_o and_o no_o price_n can_v be_v put_v thereupon_o by_o the_o exchequer_n parliament_n 1606._o cap._n 14._o yet_o see_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n the_o king_n be_v not_o to_o be_v prejudge_v by_o neglect_n of_o his_o officer_n who_o ought_v yearly_a to_o call_v for_o his_o blensh_fw-mi duty_n whereof_o many_o be_v considerable_a therefore_o the_o exchequer_n continue_v to_o exact_v the_o king_n blensh_fw-mi duty_n though_o not_o demand_v within_o the_o year_n there_o be_v another_o part_n of_o the_o act_n exclude_v all_o liquidation_n of_o blensh_a duty_n in_o specie_fw-la which_o therefore_o shall_v be_v so_o exact_v though_o not_o within_o the_o year_n unless_o the_o vassal_n voluntary_o offer_v a_o price_n in_o these_o blensh_fw-mi ferm_n there_o be_v no_o ward_n and_o marriage_n befalling_a to_o the_o superior_a in_o which_o it_o differ_v main_o from_o ward_n 34._o infeftment_n feu_n be_v like_a to_o the_o emphyteosis_n in_o the_o civil_a law_n which_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o location_n have_v in_o it_o a_o pension_n as_o the_o hire_n with_o a_o condition_n of_o plant_v and_o policy_n for_o such_o be_v common_o grant_v of_o barren_a ground_n and_o therefore_o it_o retain_v still_o that_o name_n also_o and_o be_v account_v and_o call_v a_o assidation_n or_o location_n in_o our_o law_n but_o because_o such_o can_v be_v hereditary_a and_o perpetual_a all_o rental_n and_o tack_n necessary_o require_v a_o ish_n therefore_o these_o feu-holdings_a partake_v both_o of_o infeftment_n as_o pass_v by_o seize_v to_o heir_n for_o ever_o and_o of_o location_n as_o have_v a_o pension_n or_o rent_n for_o their_o reddendo_fw-la and_o be_v allow_v to_o be_v perpetual_a for_o the_o increase_n of_o plant_v and_o policy_n 35._o in_o what_o case_n feus_n be_v allow_v of_o ward-land_n have_v be_v now_o show_v in_o other_o case_n they_o be_v ordinary_o allow_v where_o they_o be_v not_o prohibit_v so_o we_o shall_v only_o need_v to_o speak_v of_o case_n wherein_o they_o be_v prohibit_v and_o void_a and_o that_o be_v first_o in_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o crown_n which_o be_v annex_v thereto_o and_o can_v be_v set_v feu_n by_o the_o king_n without_o consent_n of_o parliament_n by_o their_o act_n of_o dissolution_n bear_v great_a see_v and_o reasonable_a cause_n of_o the_o realm_n by_o sentence_n and_o decreet_a of_o the_o whole_a parliament_n but_o ratification_n which_o pass_v of_o course_n in_o parliament_n without_o report_n from_o the_o article_n will_v not_o supply_v the_o dissolution_n of_o the_o annex_v property_n or_o validat_fw-la infeftment_n thereof_o even_o though_o the_o ratification_n bear_v a_o dissolution_n upon_o which_o ground_n the_o earl_n of_o mortoun_n right_o to_o the_o earldom_n of_o orkney_n be_v reduce_v february_n 25._o 1670._o king_n advocate_n contra_fw-la earl_n of_o mortoun_n neither_o can_v the_o annex_v property_n be_v dispone_v by_o the_o king_n but_o only_o in_o feu_n after_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1597._o cap._n 234._o and_o all_o infeftment_n tack_n pension_n gift_n discharge_v grant_v before_o lawful_a dissolution_n in_o parliament_n or_o after_o dissolution_n yet_o contrary_a to_o any_o of_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o same_o be_v declare_v null_n of_o the_o law_n by_o action_n or_o exception_n as_o well_o as_o to_o by_o gone_n as_o in_o time_n come_v par._n 1597._o cap._n 236._o par._n 1455._o cap._n 41._o which_o be_v confirm_v and_o extend_v to_o feus_n not_o only_o to_o be_v grant_v of_o land_n but_o to_o feus_n grant_v of_o the_o feu-ferm-duty_n which_o be_v a_o device_n invent_v to_o elude_v the_o law_n par._n 1597._o cap._n 239._o 36._o second_o feus_n of_o the_o annex_v property_n after_o dissolution_n may_v not_o be_v set_v with_o diminution_n of_o the_o rental_a the_o feu-duty_n not_o be_v within_o the_o new_a retoured_a duty_n par_n 1584._o cap._n 6._o and_o that_o it_o may_v appear_v whether_o the_o rental_a be_v diminish_v or_o not_o before_o they_o pass_v the_o seal_n they_o must_v be_v present_v to_o the_o thesaurer_n and_o comptroller_n and_o registrate_n in_o his_o register_n and_o the_o signature_n subscribe_v by_o he_o otherways_o they_o be_v null_a par._n 1592._o cap._n 127._o and_o such_o feus_n set_v without_o consent_n of_o the_o comptroller_n by_o his_o subscription_n registrat_n in_o his_o register_n be_v again_o declare_v null_n par._n 1593._o cap._n 171._o the_o comptroller_n office_n have_v be_v of_o a_o long_a time_n adjoin_v to_o and_o in_o the_o same_o commission_n with_o the_o thesaurers_n office_n or_o commission_n of_o the_o thesaury_n what_o land_n and_o other_o be_v annex_v to_o the_o crown_n appear_v by_o the_o several_a act_n of_o parliament_n make_v thereanent_a consist_v main_o of_o forefaulted_a estate_n and_o kirklands_n after_o the_o abolish_n of_o the_o popish_a clergy_n which_o because_o they_o be_v presume_v to_o have_v be_v most_o part_n mortify_v by_o the_o king_n of_o scotland_n therefore_o the_o intent_n of_o their_o grant_v cease_v by_o