the statute of Mortmaine was established Frier Iohn Peckham whome the pope had alreadie consecrated archbishop of Canturburie being the 47 in number that had gouerned the said sâ—â— came this yeare ouer into England to supplie the roome ¶ Also Walter Gifford archbishop of Yorke departed this life in whose place succéeded William Wickham the 37 archbishop there The archbishop of Canturburie held a synod at Reading about the latter line 10 end of Iulie wherin he renewed the constitutions of the generall councell as thus That no ecclesiasticall person should haue aboue one benefice to the which belonged cure of soule and againe that all those that were promoted to any ecclesiasticall liuing should receiue the order of priesthood within one yere after his being promoted therevnto In this yeare the king tooke order for the amending of his monie and coine which in that season was fowlie clipped washed and counterfeited by those line 20 naughtie men the Iewes and other as before you haue partlie heard The king therefore in the octaues of the Trinitie sent foorth commandement to all the shiriffes within the land that such monie as was counterfeited clipped or washed should not be currant from thencefoorth and furthermore he sent of his owne treasure good monie and not clipped vnto certeine cities and townes in the realme that exchange might be made with the same till new monie were stamped About the third daie of August the line 30 first exchange was made of the new monie of pence and farthings but yet the old monie went all this yeare togither with the new and then was the old coine generallie forbidden and commandement giuen by publike proclamation that from thencefoorth it should no more be allowed for currant Herewith also halfpence which had beene stamped in the meane time began to come abroad the same day in which the old monie was thus prohibited The lord Roger Mortimer kept a great feast at line 40 Killingworth with iusts and triumphs of an hundred knights and as manie ladies to the which resorted lords knights gentlemen from diuerse countries and lands to shew proofe of their valiancie in the practise of warlike feats and exercises In the meane season king Edward standing in need of monie deuised a new shift to serue his turne as this namely that wheras he was cheefe lord of many lordships manours possessions and tenements he well vnderstood that partlie by length and proces of time line 50 and partlie by casualties during the troubles of the ciuill warres manie mens euidences as their charters déeds copies and other writings were lost wasted and made awaie he therfore vnder colour to put the statute of Quo waranto in execution which was ordeined this yeare in the parlement holden at Glocester in August last past as some write did now command by publike proclamation that all such as held any lands or tenements of him should come and shew by what right and title they held the same line 60 that by such meanes their possessions might returne vnto him by escheat as cheefe lord of the same and so to be sold or redeemed againe at his hands This was thought to be so sore a proclamation as that a more greeuous had not lightlie beene heard of Men in euerie place made complaint and shewed themselues gréeuouslie offended so that the king by meanes thereof came in great hatred of his people but the meane sort of men though they stood in defense of their right yet it auailed them but little bicause they had no euidence to shew so that they were constreined to be quiet with losse rather than to striue against the streame Manie were thus called to answer till at length the lord Iohn Warren earle of Surrie a man greatlie beloueâ— of the people perceiuing the king to haue cast his net for a preie and that there was not one which spake against him determined to stand against thâ—se so bitter and cruell procéedings And the â—eâ—â—re bâ—ing called afore the iustices about this matter he appeared and being asked by what right he held hâ—â— laâ—â—s suddenlie drawing foorth an old rustie sword By this instrument said he doo I hold my lands 〈◊〉 by the same I intend to defend them Our ancestors comming into this realme wiâ—h William the Conquerour conquered their lands with the sword and with the same will I defend â—e from all those that shall be about to take them from me he did not make a conquest of this realme alone our progenitors were with him as participants and helpers The king vnderstanding into what hatred of his people by this meanes he was fallen and therfoâ—e desâ—rous to auoid ciuill dissention and war that might thereby insue he left off his 〈◊〉 practise so that the thing which generallie should haue touched and béene hurtfull to all men was now suddenlie staied by the manhood and couragious stoutnesse onelie of one man the foresaid earle who in his rare act of defending coÌ„mon equitie against the mightie in authoritie who spared not to offer extreme iniurie shewed himselfe a verie true and naturall branch of nobilitie cupit quae grandia semper Vilia contemnit quae sursum tendere vt ignis Nititur summas penetrat velut ardea â—ibes The archbishop of Canturburie held an other synod at Lambeth in the which he receiued and confirmed the orders and constitutions decréed and established by the legats Otho and Othobone in councels by them kept here within this realme adding diuerse other of his owne in the same councell he went about to adnihilate certeine liberties belonging to the crowne as the taking knowledge of the right of patronages and the kings prohibitions In placitis de catallis and such like which séemed méerlie to touch the spiritualtie But the king by some in that councell withstood the archbishop openlie and with menaces staied him from concluding any thing that might preiudice his roiall liberties and prerogatiues King Edward held a parlement at London in the which he demanded a fifteenth of the cleargie which latelie before he had got of the temporaltie The archbishop of Yorke was content at the first to grant this fifteenth to be paid of the cleargie within his diocesse in two yeares but the archbishop of Canturburie held off and required reâ—pit till the next parlement to be holden after Easter and then he granted vnto the king the dismes of all his cleargie for thrée yeares that in some point he might be different from the archbishop of Yorke In the ninth yeare of king Edwards reigne the feast of the round table was kept at Warwike with great and sumptuous triumph Whilest these things were in dooing Dauid brother to Leolin prince of Wales forgetting the great benefits which he had receiued at the hands of king Edward became his aduersarie and caused his said brother the prince of Wales with a great number of other noble men of that countrie
preiudiciall to Iohn Catesbie knight Thomas Reuell and William Ashbie esquiers in of vpon the manour of Kirkebie vpon Wretheke in the countie of Leicester nor in of and vpon anie other lands and tenements in Kirkebie aforesaid Melton Somerbie Thropseghfield and Godebie which they had of the gift feoffement of Thomas Dauers Iohn Lie And further notwithstanding this atteindor diuerse of the said persons afterwards were not onelie by the king pardoned but also restored to their lands and liuings Moreouer in this present parlement he caused proclamation to be made that all men were pardoned and acquited of their offenses which would submit line 10 themselues to his mercie and receiue an oth to be true and faithfull vnto him wherevpon manie that came out of sanctuaries and other places were receiued to grace and admitted for his subiects After this he began to remember his speciall freends of whome some he aduanced to honour and dignitie and some he inriched with goods and possessions euerie man according to his deserts and merits And to begin his vncle Iasper earle of Penbroke he created duke of Bedford Thomas lord Stanleie was line 20 created earle of Derbie and the lord Chendew of Britaine his especiall fréend he made earle of Bath sir Giles Daubeneie was made lord Daubeneie sir Robert Willoughbie was made lord Brooke And Edward Stafford eldest sonne to Henrie late duke of Buckingham he restored to his name dignitie possessions which by king Richard were confiscat and atteinted Beside this in this parlement was this notable act assented to and concluded as followeth to the pleasure of almightie God wealth line 30 prosperitie and suertie of this realme of England and to the singular comfort of all the kings subiects of the same in auoiding all ambiguities and questions An act for the establishing of the crowne in the line of Henrie the seauenth BE it ordeined established and enacted by this present parlement that the inheritance of the crown of this realme of England also of France with all the preheminence and dignitie roiall to the same apperteining all other seigniories to the king belonging beyond the sea with the appurtenances thereto in anie wise due or apperteining shall rest remaine and abide in the most line 50 roiall person of our now souereigne lord king Henrie the seuenth and in the heires of his bodie lawfullie comming perpetuallie with the grace of God so to indure and in none other Beside this act all atteindors of this king enacted by king Edward and king Richard were adnihilated and the record of the same iudged to be defaced and all persons atteinted for his cause and occasion line 60 were restored to their goods lands and possessions Diuerse acts also made in the time of king Edward and king Richard were reuoked and other adiudged more expedient for the common wealth were put in their places and concluded After the dissolution of this parlement the king remembring his fréends left in hostage beyond the seas that is to wit the marquesse Dorset sir Iohn Bourchier he with all conuenient spéed redéemed them and sent also into Flanders for Iohn Morton bishop of Elie. These acts performed he chose to be of his councell a conuenient number of right graue and wise councellors ¶ This did he that he might the more roiallie gouerne his kingdome which he obteined and inioied as a thing by God elected and prouided and by his especiall fauour and gratious aspect compassed and atchiued Insomuch that men commonlie report that seauen hundred nintie seauen yéeres passed it was by a heauenlie voice reuealed to Cadwalader last king of Britains that his stocke progenie should reigne in this land beare dominion againe Wherevpon most men were persuaded in their owne opinion that by this heauenlie voice he was prouided ordeined long before to inioy obteine this kingdome Which thing K. Henrie the sixt did also shew before as it were by propheticall inspiration at such time as the earle of Penbroke presented the said Henrie at that time a proper child vnto Henrie the sixt whome after he had beheld and a good while viewed the comelinesse of his countenance and orderlie lineaments of his bodie he said to such peeres as stood about him Lo suerlie this is he to whome both we and our aduersaries leauing the possession of all things shall hereafter giue roome and place so it came to passe by the appointment of God to whose gouernement gift and disposing all realmes and all dominions are subiect as king Dauid confesseth saieng Omnia sunt regno subdita regna Dei Now although by this meanes all things séemed to be brought in good and perfect order yet there lacked a wrest to the harpe to set all the strings in a monocord and perfect tune which was the matrimonie to be finished betweene the king and the ladie Elizabeth daughter to king Edward Which like a good prince according to his oth promise he did both solemnize consummate shortlie after that is to saie on the eightéenth daie of Ianuarie By reason of which marriage peace was thought to descend out of heauen into England considering that the lines of Lancaster and Yorke were now brought into one knot and connexed togither of whose two bodies one heire might succeed to rule and inioie the whole monarchie and realme of England year 1486 which before was rent and diuided into factions partakings whereby manie a mans life was lost great spoiles made of peoples goods wast of wealth worship and honor all which ended in this blessed and gratious connexion authorised by God as our Anglorum praelia saith Hoc Deus omnipotens pacis confecerat author CiuilÃsque habuit tandem contentio finem Shortlie after for the better preseruation of his roiall person he constituted and ordeined a certeine number as well of archers as of diuerse other persons hardie strong and actiue to giue dailie attendance on his person whom he named yeomen of his gard which president men thought that he learned of the French king when he was in France For it is not remembred that anie king of England before that daie vsed anie such furniture of dailie souldiers ¶ In this same yéere a new kind of sickenes inuaded suddenlie the people of this land passing through the same from the one end to the other It began about the one and twentith of September and continued vntill the latter end of October being so sharpe and deadlie that the like was neuer heard of to anie mans remembrance before that time For suddenlie a deadlie burning sweat so assailed their bodies and distempered their bloud with a most ardent heat that scarse one amongst an hundred that sickened did escape with life for all in maner as soone as the sweat tooke them or within a short time after yéelded the ghost Beside the great number which deceassed within the citie of London two
poore The poore by impotencie Poore by casualtie Thriftlesse poore 1 The poore by impotencie are also diuided into three kinds that is to saie 1 The fatherlesse poore mans line 60 child 2 The aged blind and lame 3 The diseased person by leprosie dropsie c. 2 The poore by casualtie are of thrée kinds that is to saie 4 The wounded souldier 5 The decaied housholder 6 The visited with gréeuous disease 3 The thriftles poore are three kinds in like wise that is to saie 7 The riotor that consumeth all 8 The vagabond that will abide in no place 9 The idle person as the strumpet and others For these sorts of poore were prouided thrée seuerall houses First for the innocent and fatherlesse which is the beggers child and is in déed the séed and breeder of beggerie they prouided the house that was late Graie friers in London and now is called Christes hospitall where the poore children are trained in the knowledge of God and some vertuous eâ—ercise to the ouerthrowe of beggerie For the second degrée is prouided the hospitall of saint Thomas in Southworke saint Bartholomew in west Smithfield where are continuallie at least two hundred diseased persons which are not onelie there lodged and cured but also fed and nourished For the third degrée they prouided Bridewell where the vagabond and idle strumpet is chastised and compelled to labour to the ouerthrow of the vicious life of idlenes They prouided also for the honest decaied housholder that he should be relieued at home at his house and in the parish where he dwelled by a wéekelie reliefe and pension And in like manner they prouided for the lazer to kéepe him out of the citie from clapping of dishes and ringing of bels to the great trouble of the citizens and also to the dangerous infection of manie that they should be relieued at home at their houses with seuerall pensions Now after this good order taken and the citizens by such meanes as were deuised willing to further the same the report therof was made vnto the kings maiestie and his grace for the aduancement hereof was not onelie willing to grant such as should be the ouerséers and gouernors of the said houses a corporation and authoritie for the gouernement thereof but also required that he might be accounted as the chiefe founder and patrone thereof And for the furtherance of the said worke and continuall maintenance of the same he of his méere mercie and goodnesse granted that where before certeine lands were giuen to the maintenance of the house of the Sauoie founded by king Henrie the seuenth for the lodging of pilgrims and strangers and that the same was now made but a lodging of loiterers vagabonds and strumpets that laie all daie in the fields and at night were harboured there the which was rather the maintenance of beggerie than the reliefe of the poore gaue the same lands being first surrendred into his hands by the maister and fellowes there which lands were of the yearelie value of six hundred pounds vnto the citie of London for the maintenance of the foundation aforesaid And for a further reliefe a petition being made to the kings maiestie for a licence to take in mortmaine or otherwise without licence lands to a certeine yearelie â—alue and a space left in the patent for his grace to put in what summe it would please him he looking on the void place called for pen and inke and with his owne hand wrote this summe in these words foure thousand marks by yeare and then said in the hearing of his councell Lord God I yeeld thée most hartie thanks that thou hast giuen mée life thus long to finish this worke to the glorie of thy name After which foundation established he liued not aboue two daies whose life would haue béene wished equall to the patriarchs if it might haue pleased God so to haue protracted the same But he was too good a prince for so bad a people and therefore God remooued him and translated him to his owne kingdome foreséeing the euent of something which in his secret counsell he had purposed against a nation that knew not the benefit of the acceptable time of grace wherein God by this péerelesse princes means ment all good to this land as might be gathered by the reformation of religion wherin the kings care was exceeding great as his desire to establish Gods glorie was zealous according to that notable allusion of Iohn Leland recorded in praise of this most excellent prince as followeth in this epigram Quisquis Eaduerdum Romano expresserat ore Custodem fidei dixerit esse sacrae Hoc ego crediderim puero feliciter orto A superis nomen coelitùs esse datum Est pater antiquae fidei defensor amicus Degener nullo tempore natus erit But to returne where we left By example of the charitable act of this vertuous yoong king sir William Chester knight and alderman of London and line 10 Iohn Calthrop citizen and draper of the said citie at their owne proper costs and charges made the bricke walles and way on the backeside that leadeth from the said new hospitall vnto the hospitall of saint Bartholomewes and also couered and vauted the towne dich from Aldersgate to Newgate which before was verie noisome and contagious to the said hospitall This hospitall being thus erected and put in good order there was one Richard Castell alià s Casteller line 20 shoomaker dwelling in Westminster a man of great trauell and labor in his facultie with his owne hands and such a one as was named the cocke of Westminster for that both winter and summer he was at his worke before foure of the clocke in the morning This man thus trulie and painfullie labouring for his liuing God blessed and increased his labours so abundantlie that he purchased lands and tenements in Westminster to the yearelie value of fortie and foure pounds And hauing no child with the line 30 consent of his wife who suruiued him was a vertuous good woman gaue the same lands wholie to Christs hospitall aforesaid to the reliefe of the innocent and fatherlesse children and for the succor of the miserable sore and sicke harbored in the other hospitals about London whose example God grant manie to follow ¶ The third of August at Midlenton eleuen miles from Oxford a woman brought foorth a child which had two perfect bodies from the nauill vpward and line 40 were so ioined togither at the nauill that when they were laid in length the one head bodie was eastward and the other west the legs for both the bodies grew out at the midst where the bodies ioined and had but one issue for the excrements of both bodies they liued eightéene daies and were women children The eight of August were taken at Quinborow thrée great fishes called dolphins the weeke following at Blackewall were six more taken and line
This doctor Storie saith he being an Englishman by birth and from his infancie not onelie nuzled in papistrie but also euen as it were by nature earnestlie affected to the same growing somewhat to riper yeares in the daies of quéene Marie became a most line 50 bloudie tyrant and cruell persecutor of Christ in his members as all the stories of martyrs almost doo declare Thus he raging all the reigne of the foresaid quéene Marie against the infallible truth of Christs gospell and the true professors thereof neuer ceased till he had consumed to ashâ—â— two or thrée hundred blessed martyrs who willinglie gaue their liues for the testimonie of his truth And thinking their punishment in fire not cruell inough he went 〈…〉 line 60 〈…〉 raging against Gods saints with fire and sword Insomuch as he growing to be familiar and right deere to duke Dalua in Antwerpe receiued a speciall commission from him to search all the ships for goods forfeited and for English bookes and such like And in this fauour and authoritie he continued there for a space by the which meanes he did much hurt and brought manie a good man and woman to trouble and extreme perill of life through his bloudthirstie crueltie But at the last the Lord when the measure of his iniquitie was full procéeded in iudgement against him and cut him off from the face of the earth according to the praiers of manie a good man which came to passe in order as followeth It being certeinlie knowne for the brute thereof was gone foorth into all lands that he not onelie intended the subuersion and ouerthrow of his natiue countrie of England by bringing in forren hostilitie if by anie means he might compasse it but also â—ailie and hourelie murthered Gods people there was this platforme laid by Gods prouidence no doubt that one maister Parker a merchant should saile vnto Antwerpe and by some means to conueie Storie into England This Parker arriuing at Antwerpe suborned certeine to repaire to doctor Storie and to signifie vnto him that there was an English ship come sâ—aught with merchandize and that if he would make search thereof himselfe hée should find store of English bookes and other things for his purpose Storie hearing â—his and suspecting nothing made hast towards the ship thinking to make the same his preie and comming aboord searched for English hereticall books as he called them going downe vnder the hatches bicause he would be sure to haue their bloud if he could they clapped downe the hatches hoised vp their sailes hauing as God would a good gale and sailed awaie into England where they arriuing presented this bloudie butcher and traitorous rebell Storie to the no little reioising of manie an English heart He being now committed to prison continued there a good spaceâ— during all which time he was laboured and solicited dailie by wise and learned fathers to recant his diuelish erronious opinions to confirme himselfe to the truth and to acknowledge the quéenes maiesties supremasie All which he vtterlie denied to the death saieng that he was sworne subiect to the king of Spaine and was no subiect to the quéene of England nor shée his souereigne queene And therefore as he well deserued he was condemned as a traitor to God the quéenes maiestie and the realme to be drawne hanged and quartered which was performed accordinglie he being laid vpon an hurdle and drawne from the tower along the streets to Tiburne where he being hanged till he was halfe dead was cut downe and stripped And which is not to be forgot when the executioner had cut off his priuie members he rushing vp vpon a sudden gaue him a blow vpon the eare to the great woonder of all that stood by And thus ended this bloudie Nemrod his wretched life whose iudgement I leaue to the Lord. The eighteenth of Iune in Trinitie terme there was a combat appointed to haue beene fought for a certeine manour demaine lands belonging therevnto in the I le of Hartie adioining to the I le of 〈◊〉 in Kent Simon Lâ—w Iohn Kimâ—were plaintifs and had brought a writ of right against Thomas Paraâ—â—re who offered to defend his right by battell Whervpon the plaintifs aforsaid accepted to answer his challenge offering likewise to defend their right to the same manour and lands and to proue by battell that Paramore had no right noâ— good title to haue the same manour and lands Herevpon the said Thomas Paramore brought before the iudges of the common plees at Westminster one George Thorne a big broad strong set fellow the plaintifs Henrie Nailer maister of defense and seruant to the right honourable the earle of Leicester a proper slender man not so tall as the other Thorne cast downe a gantlet which Nailer tooke vp vpon the sundaie before the battell should be tried On the next morow the matter was staied the parties agréed that Paramore being in possession shuld line 10 haue the land was bound in fiue hundred pounds to consider the plaintifs as vpon hearing the matter the iudges should award The quéenes maiestie abhorring bloudshed as the poet verie well saith Tristia sanguinei deuitans praelia campi was the taker vp of the matter in this wise It was thought good that for Paramores assurance the order should be kept touching the combat and that the plaintifs Low and Kime should make default of appearance but that yet such as were suerties for Nailer line 20 their champions appearance should bring him in and likewise those that were suerties for Thorne should bring in the â—ame Thorne in discharge of their band and that the court should sit in Tuthill fields where was prepared one plot of ground of one and twentie yards square double railed for the combat Without the west square a stage being set vp for the iudges representing the court of the common plées All the compasse without the lists was set with line 30 scaffolds one aboue another for people to stand and behold There were behind the square where the iudges sat two tents the one for Nailer the other for Thorne Thorne was there in the morning timelie Nailer about seauen of the clocke came thorough London apparelled in a dublet and gallie gascoine bréeches all of crimsin sattin cut and rased a hat of blacke veluet with a red feather and band before him drums and fifes plaieng The gantlet cast downe by George Thorne was borne before the said Nailer line 40 vpon a swords point and his baston a staffe of an ell long made taper wise tipt with horne with his shield of hard leather was borne after him by Askam a yeoman of the queenes gard He came into the palace at Westminster and staieng not long before the hall doore came backe into the Kings stréet and so along thorough the Sanctuarie and Tuthill street into the field where he staied till past
Canturburie a vacant place hauing manie broken neere walles 〈◊〉 to the towne gate in Sandwich called Canturburie gate In which void toome adioining to the riuer of Delfe is now erected a faire schoolehouse for the schoolemaster vsher certen boording scholers framed all of bricke stone For perpetuall continuance of which schoole the said sir Roger Manwood now lord chiefe baron in this yeare of our Lord 1586 procured letters patents from the quéene for incorporating and assurance of the same schoole with other lands and reuenues thereto belonging to the maior and his brethren of Sandwich and to their successors for euer by the name of the gouernours of the frée grammar schoole of Roger Manwood in Sandwich assuring to the said gouernors of his owne land the cleere yearelie value of 22 pounds and more Further thervnto procuring of his brother Thomas Manwood sometime maior of Sandwich the cleere yearelie value of ten pounds of lands and tenements and also of one Thomas Tompson iurat of Sandwich eight pounds by yeere De claro of his owne lands and tenements in the grosse summe amounting to fourtie pounds by yeare which lands being sufficientlie assured to the said gouernours with conuenient dwelling for the master and vsher lodging for sixteene boording scholers and with some beneuolence of parents for the teaching of their children is a large endowment for perpetuall maintenance of the same grammar schoole Besides which for the further benefit of the same schoole the same sir Roger Manwood hath obteined two scholers roomes in Gonuile and Caius college in Cambridge and two other scholers roomes in Lincolne college at Oxford with pension of foure markes yearelie to euerie of the said foure scholers to be remooued from that schoole of Sandwich and to be placed in those colleges from time to time as often as anie of the same college scholers roomes shall be void and that anie scholer shall be méet to come from that schoole of Sandwich Beyond all which that he hath doone for recompense of his birth place with a frée grammar schoole for the education of the youth there he also for reliefe of age hath néere vnto his dwelling place of saint Stephans in Hackington parish adioining to Canturburie built in the yeare of our redemption 1573 a faire row of seuen almes houses of bricke placing in euerie of the same almes houses poore folkes such as are counted to be honest good For perpetuall maintenance of which almes persons he hath endowed that building with a yéerelie allowance of the value of foure pounds by yeare to euerie of the same almes men houses in monie bread fewell And in the same parish church néere to those almes houses he hath newlie erected an Ile where his toome is made and placed in that church a new roome of seuen pewes and seates for the almes people to be bestowed in togither by themselues Likewise for setting to worke of middle age whereby they may eschew idlenesse this sir Roger Manwood did in the yeare of Christ one thousand fiue hundred seuentie and eight build a new house of correction in the Westgate street in the suburbs of Canturburie And moreouer whereas Rochester bridge standing on the riuer of Medweie being famouslie built of stone in the time of king Richard the second as is most likelie though some attribute the same to the time of Edward the third by one sir Robert Knolles knight with the helpe of Iohn lord Cobham of Cobham and Margaret Courtneie his wife being two of the principall benefactors therevnto after the decaie of a woodden bridge first erected ouer the same riuer some hundred yeares before that of stone had for the perpetuall maintenance of the same stone bridge the ancient contributarie lands giuen for the support of the woodden bridge after the ruine of the same woodden bridge reduced by act of parlement holden in the one and twentith of Richard the second to the maintenance of the same new stone bridge and that sundrie manors lands tenements rents in Kent London Essex were by deuise of sundrie persons assured for the vpholding of the same new stone bridge yet by want of due circumspection this new stone bridge became in so great decaie that in the latter time of quéene Marie and beginning of hir maiestie now reigning line 10 collection was made vpon all horssemen carriages passing ouer that bridge in manner of a tole or tax and more by reason of the queenes commission an vniuersall taxation was made in nature of a tenth and fiftéenth ouer all the countrie of Kent and the citie of Canturburie for and towards the reparations of the same bridge All which being an vnwilling burthen griefe to the people togither with the reuenues of the bridge lands did not yet suffice to saue the ruine of that famous line 20 stone bridge vntill by the carefull trauell of the said sir Roger Manwood then a iustice in the common plées a remedie was sound therefore without iniurie to anie person and without exaction of anie passenger Which remedie was that all the manors lands tenements and rents belonging vnto the bridge should be fréed from all leases thereof made at small rents and the same lands so let to be dulie improoued to a higher rate the same being a matter answerable to right and reason considering line 30 the cause of the first gift of those lands then sufficient and the now dearth of things which made it insufficient to support the said bridge the stone timber and other stuffe for repare of the same bridge with the works wages and carriages concerning it being now growne to farre greater prices than in old time they were Which deuised remedie to vndoo the old leases was much impugned by manie persons of wealthie hauior receiuing great profit by those old vnder rented leases line 40 All which notwithstanding this Roger Manwood prosecuted the same to a good successe for he making to appeare before the lords of the councell and the rest of the iudges of the realme in the presence of such as inioied these old leases and of their learned councell and other fauourers that the said manors lands and tenements belonging to the said bridge were giuen to the wardens communaltie owners of the contributorie lands and that their old leases line 50 made by the wardens onelie without consent of the communaltie were not good in law the farmers submitted themselues to surrender their old insufficient leases and to take such as might be auailable in law of the same lands Whereby the yearelie reueneues of the bridge lands grew to be of more value than triple that which they were before and yet the old farmers had new leases vnto their owne contentation bicause the same are not so improoued but that they are as reasonablie letten as other priuat line 60 mens lands be To which deuise a further remedie was then
reckoning neuer to returne againe in so much that some of his councellours told him plainelie that he did not well in making things awaie so freelie to the dishonoring of his maiestie and preiudice of his successour vnto whom he answered that line 50 in time of néed it was no euill policie for a man to helpe himselfe with his owne and further ioined hereto these words that if London at that time of néed would be bought he would surelie sell it if he might méet with a conuenient merchant that were able to giue him monie inough for it Another way he had also to gather riches and that was this He had a licence of pope Innocent the third to dispense with such as pleased him within his realme for their vowes made to go into the holie line 60 land although they had taken on them the crosse for that purpose namelie such as he should appoint to remaine behind him for the defense of his countrie and of these also he tooke abundantlie and diuerse other he compelled to fine namelie to the end that he might get their monie likewise that hereby he obteined no small summe toward the furniture of his iournie But both pope prince forgat in the meane while that Boni pastoris est tondere pecus non excoriare This yeare also in the moneth of Nouember as Matthew Paris saith Iohannes de Anagnia a cardinall and legat from the pope arriued here in England comming on land at Douer and bicause the king was as then in the north parts the same cardinall was prohibited on the behalfe of the kings mother queene Elianor to passe any further without the kings commandement And so he staied there thirtéene daies at the charges of the archbishop of Canturburie till the king came to those parties by whose wisedome a direction was taken for the quieting of the controuersie betwixt the archbishop and the moonkes of Canturburie for the chappell church of Hakinton now called S. Stephans In the same moneth of Nouember by the kings appointment Geffrey the elect of Yorke who was the kings brother with other barons and lords of Yorkeshire receiued William king of Scotland at the water of Tweed and from thence with all due reuerence and honour they brought him vnto Canturburie where the king had called a councell of the lords of his realme both spirituall and temporall in the which euerie of them tooke an oth to be true to the king and to continue in due obedience vnder him and his lawes which oth also the king of Scots receiued being there present and likewise king Richards brethren earle Iohn and Geffrey the archbishop of Yorke The king of Scots therefore hauing receiued this oth and thinking the time to serue his purpose for redéeming of those castels which were deliuered to king Henrie as gages for his ransome paid now vnto king Richard ten thousand markes and had restitution of the same that is of Berwike Roxburgh Sterling and Edenburgh But William Paruus saieth that Edenburgh was restored to him in the daies of king Henrie by reason of his wife which he tooke in the parties beyond the seas and herewith agréeth the Scotish chronicle King Richard also assigned to queene Elianor his mother the accustomed dower with manie lordships and honours beside as an augmentation thereof About which time died William de Mandeuille earle of Albemarle at Rouen and Hugh de Putsey the nephue of the bishop of Durham died at Acâ—et and was buried at Durham Also Formalis archbishop of Trier died at Northampton and was there buried in the church of S. Andrews In the meane time king Richard still desirous to furnish himselfe with monie deuised yet another shift and feigned that he had lost his seale wherefore he commanded a new to be made which being doone he caused it to be proclaimed and published in euerie countrie that those to whome he had granted any thing by his déed or charter meaning to inioy the same in suertie should not thinke it much to come and haue it confirmed by his new seale least afterward the other being lost their lawfull titles might be called into question Wherevpon manie that could not come to him whilest he was in England were glad to follow him and saile ouer into Normandie and there to fine at his pleasure for the new seale to the end that their writings might be confirmed thereby and made so much the more sure to them and their successours For the same businesse also Remigius the prior of S. Albons and manie other went ouer to their great costs charges and trauell after he was transported into France I find moreouer about the same time that the kings brother earle Iohn exhibited a sore complaint against the Romane legat and other bishops for that the archbishop of Canturburie after the appeale made vnto the apostolike seaâ— had put his lands vnder interdiction for his mariage made with the earle of Glocesters daughter which when the legat heard he foorthwith confirmed the appeale and released the earles lands of the aforesaid interdiction The same time also the tenth part of all the mooueable goods thorough the realme of England was leuied to the aid of the warres in the holie land And this collection passing vnder the name of an almes was extended vpon the goods as well of the spirituall men as temporall After all this K. Richard desirous to set order in the gouernment of his realme appointed Hugh bishop of Durham to haue the rule of the north parts as cheefe iustice from Humber northwards toward Scotland deliuering vnto him also the kéeping of line 10 Winchester castell the residue of the kingdome with the custodie of the towre he assigned to the gouernance of William Longchampe bishop of Elie whome he had made cheefe iustice of that part and chancellour of the realme a man of great diligence and knowledge in the administration of things but verie factious and desirous of rule honour and riches farre aboue all measure And with these two he ioined in commission Hugh Bardulfe William Marshall earle of Chepstow or rather Penbrooke Geffrey Fitz Peter William Brewer men of great line 20 honour wisedome and discretion On the fift day of December he departed from Canturburie and went to Douer there to take water and so on the eleuenth day of December he passed ouer vnto Calice where he found Philip earle of Flanders readie to receiue him who attended vpon him till he came into Normandie where the king held his Christmas at Burun and immediatlie he came to an enteruiew with the French king at Gue S. Remige year 1190 where they concluded peace togither to line 30 be kept betwixt them their countries on ech part the which was put in writing and confirmed with their oths and seales in the feast of saint Hilarie Furthermore about the purification of our ladie Elianor the quéene mother and the
ploughland three shillings In the Lent following year 1200 he went to Yorke in hope to haue met the king of Scots there but he came not and so king Iohn line 50 returned backe and sailed againe into Normandie bicause the variance still depended betweene him and the king of France Finallie vpon the Ascension day in this second yeare of his reigne they came eftsoones to a communication betwixt the townes of Uernon and Lisle Dandelie where finallie they concluded an agréement with a marriage to be had betwixt Lewes the sonne of king Philip and the ladie Blanch daughter to Alfonso king of Castile the 8 of that name néece to K. Iohn by his sister Elianor line 60 In consideration whereof king Iohn besides the summe of thirtie thousand markes in siluer as in respect of dowrie assigned to his said néece resigned his title to the citie of Eureux and also vnto all those townes which the French king had by warre taken from him the citie of Angiers onelie excepted which citie he receiued againe by couenants of the same agréement The French king restored also to king Iohn as Rafe Niger writeth the citie of Tours and all the castels and fortresses which he had taken within Touraine and moreouer receiued of king Iohn his homage for all the lands fees and tenements which at anie time his brother king Richard or his father king Henrie had holden of him the said king Lewes or any his predecessors the quit claims and marriages alwaies excepted The king of England likewise did homage vnto the French king for Britaine and againe as after you shall heare receiued homage for the same countrie and for the countie of Richmont of his nephue Arthur He also gaue the earledome of Glocester vnto the earle of Eureux as it were by way of exchange for that he resigned to the French king all right title claime that might be pretended to the countie of Eureux By this conclusion of marriage betwixt the said Lewes and Blanch the right of king Iohn went awaie which he lawfullie before pretended vnto the citie of Eureux and vnto those townes in the confines of Berrie Chateau Roux or Raoul Cressie and Isoldune and likewise vnto the countrie of Ueuxin or Ueulquessine which is a part of the territorie of Gisors the right of all which lands townes and countries was released to the king of France by K. Iohn who supposed that by his affinitie and resignation of his right to those places the peace now made would haue continued for euer And in consideration thereof he procured furthermore that the foresaid Blanch should be conueied into France to hir husband with all spéed That doone he returned into England ¶ Certes this peace was displeasant to manie but namelie to the earle of Flanders who herevpon making no accompt of king Iohns amitie concluded a peace with king Philip shortlie after and ment to make warre against the infidels in the east parts wherby we may see the discontented minds of men and of how differing humors they be so that nothing is harder than to satisfie manie with one thing be the same neuer so good ô caecis mortalia plena tenebris Pectora ô mentes caligine circumseptas But by the chronicles of Flanders it appeareth that the earle of Flanders concluded a peace with the French king in Februarie last past before that king Iohn and the French king fell to any composition But such was the malice of writers in times past which they bare towards king Iohn that whatsoeuer was doone in preiudice of him or his subiects it was still interpreted to chance through his default so as the blame still was imputed to him in so much that although manie things he did peraduenture in matters of gouernement for the which he might be hardlie excused yet to thinke that he deserued the tenth part of the blame wherewith writers charge him it might seeme a great lacke of aduised consideration in them that so should take it But now to procéed with our purpose King Iohn being now in rest from warres with forren enimies began to make warre with his subiects pursses at home emptieng them by taxes and tallages to fill his coffers which alienated the minds of a great number of them from his loue and obedience At length also when he had got togither a great masse of monie he went ouer againe into Normandie where by Helias archbishop of Burdeaux and the bishop of Poictiers and Scone he was diuorsed from his wife Isabell that was the daughter of Robert earle of Glocester bicause of the néerenesse of bloud as touching hir in the third degrée After that he married Isabell the daughter of Amerie earle of Angolesme by whome he had two sonnes Henrie and Richard and thrée daughters Isabell Elianor and Iane. Moreouer about this time Geffrey archbishop of Yorke was depriued of all his manours lands and possessions by the kings commandement directed to the shiriffe of Yorkeshire for diuerse causes for that he would not permit the same shiriffe to leuie the dutie called Charugage that was thrée shillings of euerie ploughland within his diocesse rated and appointed to be leuied to the kings vse throughout all parts of the realme Secondlie for that the same archbishop refused to go ouer with the king into Normandie to helpe to make the marriage betwixt the French kings sonne and his néece Thirdlie bicause he had excommunicated the same shiriffe and all the prouince of Yorke wherevpon the king tooke displeasure against him and not onelie spoiled him line 10 as I said of his goods but also banished him out of the court not suffering him to come in his presence for the space of twelue moneths after In this yeare also Hubert archbishop of Canturburie held a councell at Westminster against the prohibition of the lord chiefe iustice Geffrey Fitz Peter earle of Essex In the which councell or synod diuerse constitutions were made and ordeined for orders and customes to be vsed touching the seruice and administration of sacraments in the church and line 20 other articles concerning churchmen and ecclesiasticall matters About the same time king Iohn and Philip king of France met togither néere the towne of Uernon where Arthur duke of Britaine as vassall to his vncle king Iohn did his homage vnto him for the duchie of Britaine those other places which he held of him on this side and beyond the riuer of Loir and afterward still mistrusting his vncles curtesie he returned backe againe with the French king and would not commit himselfe to his said vncle line 30 who as he supposed did beare him little good will These things being thus performed king Iohn returned into England and there caused his new married wife Isabell to be crowned on the sundaie before the feast of S. Denise the eight of October At the same time he gaue commandement vnto Hugh Neuill
Bruce that onelie stood in his waie it was verie likelie that he should haue found none other to haue raised banner against line 10 him about the quarrell or title to the claime of that realme For as he was a right warlike prince of him selfe so was he furnished with capteins and souldiers answerable to his desire who being able to lead and command them of himselfe had them at length obedient inough to serue him although as partlie yée haue heard some of the peeres shewed themselues at times disobedient and stubborne whom yet in the end he tamed well inough as the earles of Hereford line 20 and Northfolke the which in the thirtith yeare of his reigne resigned their castels and manours into his hands as by the records of the tower it further may appeare Now to follow as in other kings I haue doone heretofore for learned men these I find to haue flourished in this kings daies Henrie de Henna a Carmelite frier Goodwine the chantor of the church of Salisburie Adam de Marisco or Mareis borne in Summersetshire an excellent diuine as he was reputed line 30 in those daies Gregorie Huntington a monke of Ramesey verie expert in the toongs Seuall archbishop of Yorke a man singularlie learned and stout in defending the cause of his cleargie against the pope Haimo de Feuersham Peter Swanington Helias Trickingham Helias de Euesham Radulfe Bocking borne in Sussex Alphredâ— surnamed Anglicus Iames Cisterciensis William of Ware Robert Oxenford Thomas Docking Iohn surnamed Grammaticus Robert Dodeford but the more line 40 part of these are rather to be ascribed vnto the time of Henrie the third the father of this king Edward where these that follow are thought to flourish in the time of king Edwards reigne after the deceasse of his father king Henrie Thomas Spot a chronographer Peter de Ickeham a Kentishman borne as Bale thinketh Iohn Beckton a doctor of both the lawes William Hanaberge a Carmelite frier prouinciall gouernour of his order heere in England Robert Kilwarbie bishop of Canturburie and after made a cardinall and bishop of Portua Glbert surnamed Magnus a moonke of the Cisteaux order Helias Ros Walter Recluse Hugh le Euesham Iohn Euersden a writer of annales whome I haue partlie followed in this kings life William Pagham Henrie Esseborne Iohn de Haida Roger Bacon a Franciscane frier an excellent philosopher and likewise a mathematician Iohn Derlington a dominike frier Iohn Chelmeston Thomas Borstale a Northfolke man borne Gregorie Cairugent a moonke of Glocester a writer of annales Gregorie de Bredlington Thomas Bungey a frier minor borne in Northfolke an excellent mathematician prouinciall ruler of his order heere in England he flourished in the daies of king Edward the first although there were another of the same name that liued in the time of king Edward the third Hugh de Manchester a Dominike frier prouinciall gouernour of his order héere in England Richard Knapwell a Dominike frier Iohn Peckham borne in the dioces of Chichester a Franciscane frier excellentlie learned as by his workes it appeareth he was aduanced by pope Honorius the third to the archbishops sée of Canturburie Thomas de Illey a Suffolke man borne and a white or Carmelite frier in the house of Gippeswich Michaell surnamed Scot but borne in the bishoprike of Durham as Leland saith an excellent physician and likewise verie expert in the mathematicals Hugh de Newcastell a frier minor professed in the same towne Thomas Sutton a blacke frier that is of the order of S. Dominike Iohn Read an historiographer William de la Mare a frier minor Thomas Wicke a chanon of Osney in Oxenford Simon de Gaunt William Hothun prouinciall of the friers Dominiks in England Iohn de Hide a moonke of Winchester Robert Crouch a cordelier or a Franciscane frier Richard Midleton a frier minor Thomas Spirman a blacke frier William Lidlington a doctor of diuinitie and a Carmelite frier in Stanford Iohn Fiberie or Beuer a moonke of Westminster William Makelesfield borne in Cheshire in a market towne whereof he beareth the name a blacke frier by profession and an excellent philosopher Thus farre Edward the first surnamed Longshanks Edward the second the sonne of Edward the first EDward the second of that name the sonne of Edward the first borne at Carnaruan in Wales began his reigne ouer England the seauenth day of Iulie year 1307 in the yeare of our Lord 1307 of the world 5273 of the comming of the Saxons 847 after the conquest 241 about the tenth yeare of Albert emperour of Rome and the two and twentith of the fourth Philip surnamed Le Beau as line 10 then king of France and in the third yeare after that Robert le Bruce had taken vpon him the crowne and gouernement of Scotland His fathers corpse was conueied from Burgh vpon Sands vnto the abbeie of Waltham there to remaine till things were readie for the buriall which was appointed at Westminster Within three daies after when the lord treasurer Walter de Langton bishop of Couentriâ— and Lichfield thorough whose complaint Péers de Gaueston line 20 had beene banished the land was going towards Westminster to make preparation for the same buriall he was vpon commandement from the new king arrested commiâ—ted to prison and after deliuered to the hands of the said Péers being then returned againe into the realme who sent him from castell to castell as a prisoner His lands and tenements were seized to the kings vse but his mooueables were giuen to the foresaid Peers Walter Reignold line 30 that had beene the kings tutor in his childhood was then made lord treasurer and after when the fée of Worcester was void at the kings instance he was by the pope to that bishoprike preferred Also Rafe bishop of London was deposed from the office of lord Chancellour and Iohn Langton bishop of Chichester was therto restored Likewise the barons of the excheker were remooued and other put in their places And Amerie de Ualence earle of Penbroke was discharged of the wardenship of Scotland line 40 and Iohn de Britaine placed in that office whom he also made earle of Richmond But now concerning the demeanour of this new king whose disordered maners brought himselfe and manie others vnto destruction we find that in the beginning of his gouernement though he was of nature giuen to lightnesse yet being restreined with the prudent aduertisements of certeine of his councellors to the end he might shew some likelihood of good proofe be counterfeited a kind of grauitie vertue line 50 and modestie but yet he could not throughlie be so bridled but that foorthwith he began to plaie diuers wanton and light parts at the first indeed not outragiouslie but by little and little and that couertlie For hauing reuoked againe into England his old mate the said Peers de Gaueston he receiued him into most high fauour creating him earle of Cornewall and lord of Man his principall secretarie
the towne and hauing lost the suburbes to the Englishmen he fled out in the night and so left the towne without anie souldiers to defend it so that the townesmen yeelded it vnto the earle of Derbie and sware themselues to be true liege men vnto the king of England After this the earle of Derbie passed further into the countrie and wan diuerse castels and towns as Lango le Lake Moundurant Monguise Punach Laliew Forsath Pondair Beaumont in Laillois Bounall Auberoch and Liborne part of them by assault and the residue by surrender This doone he returned to Burdeaux hauing left capteins and souldiers in such places as he had woone This yeare the king sent foorth a commission vnto certeine persons in euerie countie within the realme to inquire what lands and tenements euerie man aboue fiue pounds of yeerelie reuenues being of the laie fée might dispend bicause he had giuen order that euerie man which might dispend fiue pounds and aboue vnto ten pounds of such yeerelie reuenues in land of the laie fee should furnish himselfe or find an archer on horssebacke furnished with armour and weapon accordinglie He that might dispend ten pounds should furnish himselfe or find a demilance or light horsseman if I shall so terme him being then called a hobler with a lance And he that might dispend fiue and twentie pounds should furnish himselfe or find a man at armes And he that might dispend fiftie pounds should furnish two men at arms And he that might dispend an hundred pounds should find thrée men at armes that is himselfe or one in his stéed with two other And such as might dispend aboue an hundred pounds were appointed to find more in number of men at armes accordinglie as they should be assessed after the rate of their lands which they might yearelie dispend being of the laie fée and not belonging to the church About this season the duke of Britaine hauing with him the earles of Northampton and Oxenford sir William de Killesbie one of the kings secretaries and manie other barons and knights with a great number of men of armes passed ouer into Britaine against the lord Charles de Blois where they tarried a long time and did little good to make anie accompt of by reason that the duke in whose quarrell they came into those parts shortlie after his arriuall there departed this life and so they returned home into England But after their comming from thence sir Thomas Dagworth knight that had béene before and now after the departure of those lords and nobles still remained the kings lieutenant there so behaued himselfe against both Frenchmen and Britains that the memorie of his worthie dooings deserueth perpetuall commendation Sir Iohn de Heinault lord Beaumont about the same time changed his cote and leauing the king of Englands seruice was reteined by the French king In this ninetéenth yeare of king Edward I find that about the feast of the Natiuitie of saint Iohn Baptist he sailed ouer into Flanders leauing his sonne the lord Lionell warden of the realme in his absence He tooke with him a great number of lords knights and gentlemen with whome he landed at Sluse The cause of his going ouer was to further a practise which he had in hand with them of Flanders the which by the labour of Iaques Arteueld meant to cause their earle Lewes either to doo homage vnto king Edward or else if he refused then to disherit him and to receiue Edward prince of Wales for their lord the eldest sonne of king Edward King Edward promising to make a dukedome of the countie of Flanders for an augmentation of honour to the countrie there came vnto Sluse to the king Iaques van Arteueld and a great number of other appointed as councellors for their chéefest townes The king with all his nauie lay in the hauen of Sluse where in his great ship called the Catharine a councell was holden vpon this foresaid purpose but at length those of the councellors of the cheefest townes misliked the matter so much that they would conclude nothing but required respit for a moneth to consult with all the cōmunaltie of the countries and townes and as the more part should be inclined so should the king receiue answer The king line 10 and Iaques Arteueld would faine haue had a shorter daie and a more towardlie answer but none other could be gotten Herevpon the councell brake vp and Iaques Arteueld tarieng with the king a certeine space after the other were departed promised him to persuade the countrie well inough to his purpose and suerlie he had a great gift of eloquence and had thereby induced the countrie wonderfullie to consent to manie things as well in fauour of king Edward as to his line 20 owne aduancement but this suit which he went now about to bring to passe was so odious vnto all the Flemings that in no wise they thought it reason to consent vnto the disheriting of the earle At length when Iaques Arteueld should returne vnto Gant king Edward appointed fiue hundred Welshmen to attend him as a gard for the preseruation of his person bicause he said that one Gerard Denise deane of the weauers an vnquiet man maliciouslie purposed his destruction line 30 Capteins of these Welshmen were Iohn Matreuers and William Sturine or Sturrie and so with this crue of souldiers Arteueld returned vnto Gant and earnestlie went in hand with his suit in king Edwards behalfe that either the earle should doo his homage to the king of England to whome it was due or else to forfeit his earledome Then the foresaid Gerard as well of his owne mind as procured thereto by the authoritie of earle Lewes stirred the whole citie against the said Arteueld and gathering line 40 a great power vnto him came and beset Arteuelds house round about vpon each side the furie of the people being wonderfullie bent against him crieng Kill him Kill him that hath robbed the tresurie of the countrie and now goeth about to disherit our noble earle Iaques van Arteueld perceiuing in what danger he was came vnto a window and spake to that inraged multitude in hope with faire and courteous words to appease them but it could not be whervpon line 50 he sought to haue fled out of his house but the same was broken vp and so manie entred vpon him that he was found out and slaine by one Thomas Denise as some write But other affirme that on a sundaie in the after noone being the 17 of Iulie a cobler whose father this Iaques van Arteueld had sometime slaine followed him as he was fléeing into a stable where his horsses stood there with an ax cloue his head asunder so that he fell downe starke dead on the ground And this was the end of the foresaid line 60 Iaques van Arteueld who by his wisedome and policie had obteined the whole gouernment of all Flanders This wofull
dominabitur in populo The which our lord grant that he may prosperouslie reigne vnto the pleasure of God and wealth of his realme Amen After the archbishop had ended wishing that it might so come to passe and the people answered Amen line 60 the king standing on his féet said vnto the lords and commons there present I thanke you my lords both spirituall and temporall and all the states of this land and doo you to wit that it is not my will that any man thinke that I by the waie of conquest would disherit any man of his heritage franches or other rights that him ought to haue of right nor to put him out of that which he now inioieth and hath had before time by custome or good law of this realme except such priuat persons as haue béene against the good purpose and the common profit of the realme When he had thus ended all the shiriffes and other officers were put in their authorities againe to exercise the same as before which they could not doo whilest the kings roiall throne was void Moreouer a proclamation was made that the states should assemble againe in parlement on mondaie then next insuing being the feast daie of saint Faith which is the sixt of October and that the monday then next following being the 13 of the same moneth and the feast day of saint Edward the king and confessor the coronation should be solemnized and that all such as had to claime any seruice to be doone by them at the same by any tenure they should come to the White-hall in the kings palace before the steward and constable of England on saturdaie next before the same day of the parlement and presenting their petitions that were due rightfull they should obteine that to them apperteined Excuse was also made on the kings behalfe for calling of a parlement vpon so short a warning so as the knights and burgesses were not changed but onelie appointed to assemble againe as if the other parlement had rather beene continued than dissolued The cause was alledged to be for easing of the charges that would haue risen if ech man had béene sent home and new knights and burgesses called These things doone the king rose from his place and with a cheerefull and right courteous countenance regarding the people went to White-hall where the same day he held a great feast In the after nâ—one were proclamations made in the accustomed places of the citie in the name of king Henrie the fourth On the morrow following being wednesdaie and first of October the procurators aboue named repaired to the tower of London and there signified vnto king Richard the admission of king Henrie And the aforesaid iustice William Thirning in name of the other and for all the states of the land renounced vnto the said Richard late king all homage and fealtie vnto him before time due in maner and forme as apperteined Which renuntiation to the deposed king was a redoubling of his greefe in so much as thereby it came to his mind how in former times he was acknowledged taken for their liege lord and souereigne who now whether in contempt or in malice God knoweth to his face forsware him to be their king So that in his heuinâ—s he might verie well haue said with a gréeued plaintife Heu quantae sortes miseris mortalibus instant Ah chari quoties obliuia nominis opto O qui me fluctus quis me telluris hiatuâ— Pertaesum tetricae vitae deglutiat ore Chasmatico Thus was king Richard depriued of all kinglie honour and princelie dignitie by reason he was so giuen to follow euill counsell and vsed such inconuenient waies and meanes through insolent misgouernance and youthfull outrage though otherwise a right noble and woorthie prince He reigned two and twentie yeares three moneths and eight daies He deliuered to king Henrie now that he was thus deposed all the goods that he had to the summe of three hundred thousand pounds in coine besides plate and iewels as a pledge and satisfaction of the iniuries by him committed and doone in hope to be in more suertie of life for the deliuerie thereof but whatsoeuer was promised he was deceiued therein For shortlie after his resignation he was conueied to the castell of Leeds in Kent froÌ„ thence to Pomfret where he departed out of this miserable life as after you shall heare He was séemelie of shape and fauor of nature good inough if the wickednesse naughtie demeanor of such as were about him had not altered it His chance verelie was greatlie infortunate which fell into such calamitie that he tooke it for the best waie he could deuise to renounce his kingdome for the which mortall men are accustomed to hazard all they haue to atteine therevnto But such misfortune or the like oftentimes falleth vnto those princes which when they are aloft cast no doubt for perils that maie follow He was prodigall ambitious and much giuen to the pleasure of the bodie He kept the greatest port and mainteined the most plentifull house that euer any king in England did either before his time or since For there resorted dailie to his court aboue ten thousand persons that had meat and drinke there allowed them In his kitchen there line 10 were thrée hundred seruitors and euerie other office was furnished after the like rate Of ladies chamberers and landerers there were aboue thrée hundred at the least And in gorgious and costlie apparell they exceeded all measure not one of them that kept within the bounds of his degrée Yeomen and groomes were clothed in silkes with cloth of graine and skarlet ouer sumptuous ye may be sure for their estates And this vanitie was not onelie vsed in the court in those daies but also other people abroad in the towns line 20 and countries had their garments cut far otherwise than had beene accustomed before his daies with imbroderies rich furres and goldsmiths worke and euerie daie there was deuising of new fashions to the great hinderance and decaie of the common-welth Moreouer such were preferred to bishoprikes and other ecclesiasticall liuings as neither could teach nor preach nor knew any thing of the scripture of God but onelie to call for their tithes and duties so that they were most vnworthie the name of bishops line 30 being lewd and most vaine persons disguised in bishops apparell Furthermore there reigned abundantlie the filthie sinne of leacherie and fornication with abhominable adulterie speciallie in the king but most chéefelie in the preâ—acie whereby the whole realme by such their euill example was so infected that the wrath of God was dailie prouoked to vengeance for the sins of the prince and his people How then could it continue prosperouslie with this king against whom for the â—owle enormâ—ties wherewith line 40 his life was defamed the wrath of God was whetted and tooke so sharpe an edge
saint Albons In this parlement also the duke of Yorke was made protector of the realme and the earle of Salisburie was appointed to be lord chancellour and had the great seale to him deliuered and the earle of Warwike was elected to the office of the capteineship of Calis and the territories of the same and thus the rule of the realme rested in the orders of the duke and chancellour and all warlike affaires remained principallie in the earle of Warwike And so amongest them it was agréed that king Henrie should reigne still in name and dignitie but neither in déed nor in authoritie not minding to destroie him least they might suddenlie prouoke the furie of the common people against them bicause that of the simple sort of people he was for his holinesse of life and abundant clemencie much fauoured and highlie estéemed In this parlement also it was enacted that the king should resume take into his hands againe haue and reteine into his possession all honours castels lordships townes villages manours lands tenements wasts forests chases rents reuersions fées farmes seruices issues profits counties aduousons of priories churches hospitals and free chapels and all other reuenues with their appurtenances the which had passed from him since the first daie of his reigne vnto that present either by his letters patents or authoritie of parlement and manie other meanes whether by grant confirmation or release from him made in fée simple or fée taile for tearme of life or yeares to anie maner of person and persons in England Wales Scotland or the marches in Ireland or in the townes of Calis Guisnes the marches there And likewise all grants made of such things as are aboue mentioned being parcell of the duchie of Lancaster and further all grants of offices roomes fees wages or commodities not accustomed to belong to anie office or charge before the said first daie of the kings reigne were likewise reuoked Diuerse other things were also conteined within this reuocation and generall resumption with certeine exceptions yet and prouisoes had as were thought conuenient and as by the same act it dooth appeare Moreouer now that the duke of Yorke and his adherents had wrested the whole rule gouernement into their hands all such persons as the king either loued or the quéene fauoured were put beside the priuie councell and such put in their places as were knowne to fauour the house of Yorke Also the officers were changed thoroughout the realme at the will and disposition of the protector chancellour and capteine of Calis so that they constituted as it were a triumuirat ruling all things at discretion of these thrée And yet in all their rule I find not that anie mention is made of their deferring of iustice or of anie polling or briberie as was openlie prooued by such as gouerned before their time Onlie they were noted of diuerse spirituall persons and namelie of the abbat of Westminster and his moonks for a great offense bicause they tooke out of the sanctuarie at Westminster Iohn Holland duke of Excester all against the order taken in the last parlement and sent him to the castell of Pomfret But now the lord Henrie Beauford newlie duke of Summerset by the death of duke Edmund his father slaine at the battell of saint Albons as aboue is rehearsed and Humfrie duke of Buckingham who then there lost his sonne and heire and other of estate taking the part of king Henrie whose case line 10 they did much bewaile doubt as perceiuing whereto the courtesie of the duke of Yorke did draw they therefore thinking it necessarie to purueie for a remedie yer the mischeefe happened consulted with the quéene By whose aduise was a great councell called at Gréenewich where the duke of Yorke was discharged of his protectorship the earle of Salisburie depriued also of his office ¶ This sudden change amongst the nobilitie caused alterations and seditious attempts in the commonaltie and in especiall line 20 within London whereof this was one A yoong merchant year 1456 which before time had béene in diuerse cities of Italie and there forbidden by the magistrats as the law and maner is to weare anie weapon now challenged an Italian in Cheapside for wearing a dagger telling him it was against his owne countrie lawes whereto bicause the Italian answered somewhat disdainefullie the merchant not onelie tooke by force from him his dagger but also with the same brake his pate line 30 This Italian in great hast complained to the maior so that at the next court holden at the Guildhall the merchant was sent for and vpon charge of his offense he was commanded to ward Wherevpon diuerse other light persons within the citie assembled togither in great plumps by force constreined the maior to deliuer the prisoner out of Newgate and not so satisfied like mad men ran to the seuerall houses of diuerse Uenetians Lucases and Florentins and them spoiled robbed and rifled without reason line 40 or measure The maior perceiuing this enormious dooing assembled a number of substantiall and graue citizens who not without bloudshed and maiming of sundrie appeased the rage and caused the misruled people to depart to their houses The beginner of this vprore got him to Westminster and there registred himselfe for a sanctuarie man The quéene which now againe ruled all being aduertised of this vnlawfull misdemeanour sent the dukes of Excester and Buckingham with other line 50 noble men to London with a commission oier and terminer for the inquirie and punishment of so seditious an offense But when the maior the two dukes and the two cheefe iustices were set in the Guildhall vpon their commission intelligence was giuen that a number of light persons were approching in armor to rescue the prisoners apprehended for the late robberie and riot as they were caried to their arraignement The two dukes and the other commissioners quickelie thense departed and left their inquirie for line 60 that daie though in déed in no such danger as they doubted for certeine discréet and sage citizens so handled the matter that no misorder followed of that furie The maior on the next daie called a common councell whereof the number was an hundred fourescore and od who ordeined that all wardens of mysteries shuld assemble their companies in their halles where exhortation should be to the obseruation of peace and if they spied any man either readie to stirre a rumor or make to the deliuerance of such as were in prison their names should be secretlie written and so deliuered to the maior which policie well appeased this outrage Where vpon after the commissioners sat in Guildhall where manie of the robbers were attainted put to execution beside diuers great fines set on the heads of diuerse merchants paid for winking at the matter ¶ This yeare Iohn Kempe archbishop of Canturburie departed this life Thomas Burstlier bishop of Elie remooued to
Yorke tenderlie desiring the wealth rest and prosperitie of this land and to set apart all that might be trouble to the same line 20 and considering the possession of the said king Henrie the sixt and that he hath for his time béene named taken and reputed for king of England and of France and lord of Ireland is contented agréed and consenteth that he be had reputed and taken for king of England and France with the roiall estate dignitie and preheminence belonging therevnto and lord of Ireland during his naturall life And for that time the said duke without hurt or preiudice of his said right and title shall take worship line 30 and honour him for his souereigne lord Item the said Richard duke of Yorke shall promit and bind him by his solemne oth in maner and forme as followeth In the name of God Amen I Richard duke of Yorke promise and sweare by the faith and truth that I owe to almightie God that I shall neuer consent procure or stirre directlie or indirectlie in priuie or apert neither as much as in me is shall suffer to be line 40 doone consented procured or stirred anie thing that may sound to the abridgement of the naturall life of king Henrie the sixt or to the hurt or diminishing of his reigne or dignitie roiall by violence or anie other waie against his freedome or libertie but if any person or persons would doo or presume anie thing to the contrarie I shall with all my might and power withstand it and make it to be withstood as far as my power will stretch therevnto so helpe me God and his holie euangelists line 50 Item Edward earle of March and Edmund earle of Rutland sonnes of the said duke of Yorke shall make like oth Item it is accorded appointed and agréed that the said Richard duke of Yorke shall be called and reputed from hencefoorth verie and rightfull heire to the crownes roiall estate dignitie and lordship aboue said and after the deceasse of the said king Henrie or when he will laie from him the said crownes estate dignitie and lordship the said duke and his heires line 60 shall immediatlie succéed to the said crownes roiall estate dignitie and lordship Item the said Richard duke of Yorke shall haue by authoritie of this present parlement castels manors lands and tenements with the wards marriages reliefes seruices fines amercements offices aduousons fées and other appurtenances to them belonging what soeuer they be to the yearelie value of ten thousand marks ouer all charges and reprises whereof fiue thousand marks shall be to his owne state three thousand fiue hundred marks to Edward his first begotten sonne earle of March for his estate and one thousand pounds to Edmund earle of Rutland his second sonne for his yearelie sustentation in such consideration and such intent as shall be declared by the lords of the kings councell Item if anie person or persons imagine or compasse the death of the said duke and thereof probablie be attainted of open déed doone by folkes of other condition that it be déemed adiudged high treason Item for the more establishing of the said accord it is appointed and consented that the lords spirituall and temporall being in this present parlement shall make oths to accept take worship and repute the said Richard duke of Yorke and his heires as aboue is rehearsed and kéepe obserue and strengthen in as much as apperteineth vnto them all the things abouesaid and resist to their power all them that would presume the contrarie according to their estates and degrées Item the said Richard duke of Yorke earles of March and Rutland shall permit and make other to helpe aid and defend the said lords and euerie of them against all those that will quarell or anie thing attempt against the said lords or anie of them by occasion of agréement or consenting to the said accord or assistance giuing to the duke and earles or anie of them Item it is agréed and appointed that this accord and euerie article thereof be opened and notified by the kings letters patents or otherwise at such times and places and in maner as it shall be thought expedient to the said Richard duke of Yorke with the aduise of the lords of the kings councell The king vnderstandeth certeinelie the said title of the said Richard duke of Yorke iust lawfull and sufficient by the aduise and assent of the lords spirituall and temporall and the commons in this parlement assembled and by authoritie of the same parlement declareth approoueth ratifieth confirmeth and accepteth the said title iust good lawfull and true and therevnto giueth his assent and agréement of his frée will and libertie And ouer that by the said aduise and authoritie declareth intituleth calleth establisheth affirmeth reputeth the said Richard duke of Yorke verie true and rightfull heire to the crownes roiall estate and dignitie of the realmes of England and of France and of the lordship of Ireland aforesaid and that according to the worship and reuerence that thereto belongeth he be taken accepted and reputed in worship reuerence by all the states of the said realme of England and of all his subiects thereof sauing and ordeining by the same authoritie the king to haue the said crownes realme roiall estate dignitie and preheminence of the same and the said lordship of Ireland during his life naturall And furthermore by the same aduise and authoritie willeth consenteth and agréeth that after his deceasse or when it shall please his hignesse to laie from him the said crownes estate dignitie and lordship the said Richard duke of Yorke and his heires shall immediatlie succéed him in the said crownes roiall estate dignitie and worship and them then haue and inioie anie act of parlement statute or ordinance or other thing to the contrarie made or interruption or discontinuance of possession notwithstanding And moreouer by the said aduise and authoritie establisheth granteth confirmeth approueth ratifieth and accepteth the said accord and all things therein conteined and therevnto fréelie and absolutelie assenteth agreeth and by the same aduise and authoritie ordeineth and establisheth that if anie person or persons imagine or compasse the death of the said duke probablie be attainted of open déed doone by folks of that condition that it be déemed and adiudged high treason And furthermore ordeineth and establisheth by the said aduise and authoritie that all statutes ordinances and acts of parlement made in the time of the said king Henrie the fourth by the which he and the heires of his bodie comming of Henrie late king of England the fift the sonne and heire of the said king Henrie the fourth and the heires of king Henrie the fift were or be inheritable to the said crownes and realmes or to the heritage of the same be annulled repealed damned cancelled void and of none effect line 10 And ouer this the king by the said aduise assent and authoritie ordeineth and establisheth that all other
inioied the flattering prosperitie of a king than afterwards to fall and neuer to recouer losse or ruine as is noted by the poet saieng Est melius nunquam felicia tempora nosse Quam post blanditias fortunae fata maligna Nec reparanda pati infortunia sortis iniquae ¶ In this yere 1483 died William Dudleie who by the translation of Laurence Booth bishop of Durham and chancellor of England from the sée of Durham to the citie of Yorke was made bishop of Durham in place of the said Laurence by the popes bulles For by vertue thereof Edward the fourth in the sixtéenth yeare of his reigne and in the yeare of Christ 1476 directed his letters patents to the knights and other free men of that bishoprike with all solemnitie to install the said William Dudleie borne of the honorable house of the lords Dudleies in the said bishoprike of Durham and to deliuer him quiet possession therof who was consecrated therevnto in the yeare of Christ 1477 in which he worthilie gouerned six yeares and died in this yeare as before Now of learned men that liued and wrote in the daies of this vsurper and his nephue king Edward the fift these we find recorded by Iohn Bale First Iohn Penketh an Augustine frier of Warington in Lancashire a right subtill fellow in disputation following the footsteps of his master Iohn Duns whome he chieflie studied he wrote diuers treatises and made that infamous sermon at Paules crosse in fauour of the duke of Glocester then protector to the disheriting of Edward the fift his lawfull king and gouernor Iohn Kent or Caileie borne in Southwales George Ripleie first a chanon of Bridlington and after a Carmelit frier in Boston a great mathematician rhetorician and poet Iohn Spine a Carmelit frier of Bristow that precéeded doctor of diuinitie in Cambridge and such like Thus farre Richard the vsurper vnnaturall vncle to Edward the fift and Richard duke of Yorke brethren Henrie the seauenth sonne to Edmund earle of Richmond which Edmund was brother by the moothers side to Henrie the sixt KIng Henrie hauing thus got the victorie at Bosworth and slaine his mortall enimie there in the field did send before his departure from Leicester sir Robert Willoughbâ—e knight to the manour of Sheriffehuton in the countie of Yorke for Edward Plantagenet earle of Warwike sonne and heire to George duke of Clarence line 10 then being of the age of fifteene yeares whome king Richard had kept there as prisoner during the time of his vsurped reigne Sir Robert Willoughbie receiuing the yoong earle of the constable of that castell conueied him to London wherâ— he was shut vp in the Tower for doubt least some vnquiet and euill disposed persons might inuent some occasion of new trouble by this yoong gentleman and therefore king Henrie thought good to haue him sure There was beside him in the castell of Sheriffehuton line 20 the ladie Elizabeth eldest daughter to king Edward the fourth whome king Richard as ye haue heard meant to haue married but God otherwise ordeined for hir and preserued hir from that vnlawfull copulation and incestuous bed Shortlie after she being accompanied with a great number as well of noblemen as honourable matrons was with good spéed conueied to London and brought to hir moother In the meane season king Henrie remooued forward by soft iournies towards London the people line 30 comming in from all sides to behold him and exceedinglie reioising at his presence as by their voices and gestures it well appeared At his approching néere to the citie the maior and his brethren with other worshipfull citizens being clothed in violet met him at Shordich and reuerentlie saluted him and so with great pompe and triumph he rode thorough the citie to the cathedrall church of S. Paule where he offered three standards In the one was the image of saint George in an other line 40 was a red fierie dragon beaten vpon white and greene sarcenet and in the third was painted a dun cow vpon yellow tarterne After his praiers said and Te Deum soong he departed to the bishops palace and there soiourned a season Anon aâ—ter he assembled togither the sage councellors of the realme in which councell like a prince of iust faith and true of promise to auoid all ciuill discord he appointed a daie to ioine in marriage with the ladie Elizabeth heire of the house of Yorke with his noble personage line 50 heire to the line of Lancaster Which thing not onelie reioised the hearts of the nobles and gentlemen of the realme but also gained the fauours and good wils of all the commons After this with great pompe he rowed vnto Westminster there the thirtith daie of October he was with all ceremonies accustomed annointed crowned king by the whole assent as well of the commons as of the nobilitie and called Henrie the seauenth of that name which was in the yeare of the world 5452 and after the birth of our Lord 1485 in the fortie and sixt yeare of Frederike the third then emperour of Almaine year 1485 Maximilian his sonne being newlie elected king of the Romans in the second yeare of Charles the eight then king of France and in the fiue and twentith of king Iames then ruling the realme of Scotland For the establishing of all things as well touching the preseruation of his owne estate as the commendable administration of iustice and preferrement of the common wealth of his realme he called his high court of parlement at Westminster the seauenth daie of Nouember wherein was atteinted Richard late duke of Glocester calling and naming himselfe by vsurpation king Richard the third Likewise there was atteinted as chéefe aiders and assistants to him in the battell at Bosworth aduanced against the present king Iohn late duke of Norfolke Thomas earle of Surrie Francis Louell knight vicount Louell Walter Deuereux knight late lord Ferrers Iohn lord Zouch Robert Harrington Richard Charleton Richard Ratcliffe William Berkeleie of Welete Robert Middleton Iames Harrington Robert Brakenberie Thomas Pilkington Walter Hopton William Catesbie Roger Wake William Sapcote of the countie of Huntington Humfrie Stafford William Clerke of Wenlocke Geffrie saint Germaine Richard Watkins herald of armes Richard Reuell of Derbishire Thomas Pulter of the countie of Kent Iohn Welsh otherwise called Hastings Iohn Kendall late secretarie to the said Richard late duke of Glocester Iohn Bucke Andrew Rat and William Brampton of Burford In which atteindor neuerthelesse there were diuerse clauses and prouisos for the benefit of their wiues and other persons that had or might claime anie right title or interest lawfullie vnto anie castels manours lordships townes towneships honours lands tenements rents seruices fée farmes annuities knights fees aduousons reuersions remainders and other hereditaments whereof the said persons atteinted were possessed or seized to the vses of such other persons with a speciall prouiso also that the said atteindor should not be
gaue the pope to drinke of the same wine which Ualentinois had sent who arriuing while his father was drinking drunke also of the same wine being but iust that they both should tast of the same cup which they had brued for the destruction of others All the towne of Rome ran with great gladnesse to saint Peters about the dead bodie of the pope their eies not satisfied to sée ded and destroied a serpent who with his immoderate line 50 ambition and poisoned infidelitie togither with all the horrible examples of crueltie luxurie and monstruous couetousnesse selling without distinction both holie things and prophane things had infected the whole world And yet was he accompanied with a most rare almost perpetuall prosperitie euen from his yoong age to the end of his life desiring alwaies great things and obteining most often that he desired An line 60 example of much importance to confound the arrogancie of those men who presuming to know and sée perfectlie with humane eies the depth of Gods iudgements doo assure that what happeneth either good or ill to mortall men procéedeth either of their merits or faults as though we saw not dailie manie good men vniustlie tormented wicked persons aboue their deseruings liue in case and honour wherein who makes an other interpretation derogates the iustice and power of God the greatnesse of which being not to be conteined within any scripts or tearms present knoweth how well and largely to discerne in an other time and place the iust from the vniust and that with rewards and eternall punishments In the meane time he powreth out his vengeance vpon the imaginers of mischéefe in this life so prouiding as that they are caught in their owne snares and ouertaken with such destruction as they had prepared for others according to that saieng of the Psalmist Effodit puteum foueámque eduxit ab imo Et miser in latebras incidit ipse suas In verticem ipsius recurrit Pernicies recidúntque fraudes At the same time died Giles lord Dawbenie the kings chéefe chamberleine whose office Charles bastard sonne to Henrie last duke of Summerset occupied and enioied a man of good wit and great experience Soone after the king caused Guidebald duke of Urbine to be elected knight of the order of the garter in like maner as his father duke Frederike had béene before him which was chosen and admitted into the order by king Edward the fourth Sir Gilbert Talbot and the other two ambassadors being appointed to kéepe on their iournie vnto pope Iulie the second elected after the death of the said Pius the third bare the habit and collar also vnto the said duke Guidebald which after he had receiued the same sent sir Balthasar Castalio knight a Mantrian borne as his orator vnto king Henrie which was for him installed according to the ordinances of the order This yeare that worthie prelate Thomas Sauage archbishop of Yorke departed this life at his castell of Cawood a man beside the worthinesse of his birth highlie estéemed with his prince for his fast fidelitie and great wisedome He bestowed great cost in repairing the castell of Cawood and the manor of Scrobie His bodie was buried at Yorke but he appointed by his testament that his hart should be buried at Macclesfield in Cheshire where he was borne in a chapell there of his foundation ioining to the south side of the church meaning to haue founded a college there also if his purpose had not béene preuented by death After him succeeded doctor Benbridge in the archbishops sée of Yorke being the fiftie and sixt archbishop that had sat in that see About this same time Lewes the French king the twelfe of that name who succéeded Charles the eighth that died at Amboise the night before the eighth daie of Aprill of a catarrhe which the physicians call an apoplexie the same rising in him with such aboundance as he beheld a match plaied at tennisse that in few houres he ended at the same place his life during the which he had with greater importunitie than vertue troubled the whole world with great apparance of danger to kindle eftsoones new fiers of innouation and troubles maried his eldest daughter named Clare vnto Francis de Ualois Dolphin of Uienne and duke of Angolesme which ladie was promised vnto Charles the king of Castile wherevpon by ambassadors sent to and fro betwixt king Henrie and the said king of Castile a mariage was concluded betwixt the said king of Castile and the ladie Marie daughter to king Henrie being about the age of ten yeares For conclusion of which mariage the lord of Barow other ambassadors were sent into England from the emperor Maximilian which with great rewards returned ¶ William Browne mercer maior of London this yeare deceassed year 1508 and foorthwith sir Laurence Ailmer draper was chosen and sworne and went home in a graie cloake with the sword borne before him on the eight and twentith daie of March. Item he tooke his oth at the Tower and kept no feast William Capell was put in sute by the king for things by him doone in his maioraltie Also Thomas Kneisworth that had beene maior of London and his shiriffes were sent to the kings Bench till they were put to their fines of foureteene hundred pounds In the moneth of Iune the citie of Norwich was sore perished neere consumed with fier that began in a Frenchmans house named Peter Iohnson a surgian in the parish of saint George Stephan Genings merchant tailor maior of London founded a free grammar schoole at Wlfrunehampton in Staffordshire with conuenient lodgings for the maister and vsher in the same place where he was borne He gaue lands sufficient line 10 for the maintenance leauing the ouersight thereof to the merchant tailors in London who haue hitherto iustlie dealt in that matter and also augmented the building there Maister Nichols who maried the onelie daughter and heire of the aforesaid Stephan Genings gaue lands to mainteine the pauements of that towne Also Iohn Leneson esquier about Anno 1556 gaue lands whereof foure pounds should be dealt euerie yeare on good fridaie to the poore people of Wlfrunehampton and six and twentie line 20 shillings eight pence yéerelie towards the reparation of the church there Moreouer about Anno 1566 sir Iohn Ligh a préest which had serued in that church there the space of thréescore years for fiue pounds six shillings eight pence the yeare without anie other augmentation of his liuing who would neuer take anie benefice or other preferment gaue twentie pounds to purchase twentie shillings the yeare lands the same to be giuen yearelie for euer to the poore of Wlfrunehampton line 30 vpon good fridaie twelue pounds thirteene shillings foure pence to purchase a marke a yeare lands the same to be giuen to the poore of Chifnall in the countie of Salope where the said Ligh was borne This man liued
knights readie armed their bases and bards of their horsse gréene sattin embrodered with fresh deuises of bramble branches of fine gold curiouslie wrought powdered all ouer And after them a great number of hornes blowne by men apparrelled in gréene cloth with caps and hosen of like sute as foresters or kéepers a pagent made like a parke paled with pales of white and gréene wherein were certeine fallow deare and in the same parke curious trees made by craâ—â— with bushes fernes and line 60 other things in likewise wrought goodlie to behold The which parke or deuise being brought before the quéene had certeine gates thereof opened the deare ran out therof into the palace the greiehounds were let slip and killed the deare the which deare so killed were presented to the quéene and the ladies by the foresaid knights Crocheman which the daie before brought in the speare of gold there declared that the same knights were seruants to Diana and being in their pastime of hunting newes were brought vnto them that dame Pallas knights were come into those parts to doo déeds of armes wherefore they had left their hunting and chase and repaired also thither to encounter with the knights of Pallas and so to fight with them for the loue of ladies to the vtterance saieng that if Pallas knights vanquished the other or made them to leaue the field then they to haue the deare killed and the greiehounds that slue them And in case Dianas knights ouercame the other they to haue their swords and none other thing more Wherevpon the queene and ladies sent to the king to haue his aduise and pleasure in this behalfe His grace conceiuing that there was some grudge and displeasure betwéene them thinking if such request were to them granted some inconuenience might insue would not therevnto agrée so that for the appeasing thereof it was awarded that both parties should tourneie togither giuing but some certeine strokes which doone they departed and so these iusts brake vp and the prises giuen to euerie man after his deserts The king pardoned the lord Henrie brother to the duke of Buckingham committed to the Tower as yee haue heard vpon suspicion of treason but when nothing could be prooued against him he was set at libertie and at the parlement after created earle of Wilshire Also this yeare the king ordeined fiftie gentlemen to be speares euerie of them to haue an archer a demilance and a custrell and euerie speare to haue thrée great horsses to be attendant on his person of the which band the earle of Essex was lieutenant and sir Iohn Pechie capteine This ordinance continued but a while the charges was so great for there were none of them but they and their horsses were apparrelled and trapped in cloth of gold siluer goldsmithes worke This yeare also was a great pestilence in the towne of Calis so that the king sent one sir Iohn Pechie with thrée hundred men to tarrie there vpon the defense of that towne till the sicknesse was ceassed Furthermore this yeare the king summoned his parlement in the moneth of Nouember to begin in the moneth of Ianuarie next ensuing whereof sir Thomas Inglefield was chosâ—â— speaker At this parlement sir Richard Empson knight and Edmund Dudleie esquier late councellors vnto king Henrie the seauenth were atteinted of high treason They were charged with manie offenses committed in the late kings daies as partlie before yée haue heard who being brought before the councell as they were graue and wise personages and both of them learned and skilfull in the lawes of the realme so had they vtterance verie readie whereby to deliuer the conceipts of their minds with singular dexteritie speciallie in a case of importance in so much that when the said parties were conuented before the assemblie of the lords they alleged for themselues right constantlie in their owne defenses much good and sufficient matter of whome Empson being the elder in yeares had these words A speech vttered by Empson to the lords of the councell to find fauour I Know right honorable that it is not vnknowne to you how profitable and necessarie lawes are for the good preseruation of mans life without the which neither house towne nor citie can long continue or stand in safetie Which lawes heere in England thorough negligence of magistrates were partlie decaied and partlie quite forgotten and worne out of vse the mischeefe whereof dailie increasing Henrie the seauenth a most graue and prudent prince wished to suppresse and therefore appointed vs to see that such lawes as were yet in vse might continue in their full force and such as were out of vse might againe be reuiued and restored to their former state that also those persons which transgressed the same might be punished according to their demerits Wherein we line 10 discharged our dueties in most faithfull wise and best maner we could to the great aduantage commoditie no doubt of the whole commonwealth Wherfore we most humblie beseech you in respect of your honours courtesie goodnesse humanitie and iustice not to decree any greeuous sentence against vs as though we were worthie of punishment but rather to appoint how line 20 with thankfull recompense our paines trauell may be worthilie considered Manie of the councell thought that he had spoken well and so as stood with great reason but yet the greater number supposing that the reuiuing of those lawes had procéeded rather of a couetous meaning in the king and them than of anie zeale of iustice and hauing also themselues felt the smart latelie before for their owne offenses and transgressions had line 30 conceiued such malice towards the men that they thought it reason that such as had béene dealers therein were worthie to lose their heads in like sort as they had caused others to lose their monie Héerevpon their accusors were mainteined and manie od matters narrowlie sought out against them as by two seuerall indictments framed against sir Richard Empson the copies whereof I haue séene it may well appeare line 40 In the one he is charged that to win the fauour and credit of the late king not weieng his honor nor the prosperitie of him or wealth of his realme hee had in subuersion of the lawes of the land procured diuerse persons to be indicted of diuerse crimes and offenses surmised against them and therevâ—on to be committed to prison without due proces of law who not suffered to come to their answers were kept in durance till they had compounded for their fines to their great importable losses and vtter impouerishment Also diuerse vntrue offices of intrusions and line 50 alienations made by sundrie the late kings liege people into manors lands and tenements were found it being vntrulie alleged that they held the same of the king In capite And when such persons as were thus vexed offered to trauerse those offices they could not be admitted thereto in
such due and lawfull forme as in such cases the law prouideth till they had compounded to paie great fines and ransomes line 60 Moreouer the kings wards after they had accomplished their full age could not be suffered to sue their liueries till they had paied excessiue fines and ransomes vnto their great annoiance losse and disquieting and to no lesse contempt of the said king And further whereas diuerse persons had béene outlawed as well at the sute of their aduersaries as of the said late king they could not be allowed to purchase their charters of pardon out of the chancerie according to the law of the realme till they were driuen to answer halfe the issues and profits of all their lands and tenements by the space of two yeares which the king receiued to his vse by the said Richard Empsons procurement who informed him that hée might lawfullie take the same although he knew that it was contrarie to the lawes and customes of the realme Wherevpon the people vexed and molested by such hard dealings sore grudged against the said late king to the great perill and danger of his person and realme and subuersion of the lawes and ancient customes thereof Also it was alleged against the said Empson that he had sent foorth precepts directed vnto diuerse persons commanding them vpon great penalties to appeare before him and other his associats at certeine daies and times within his house in S. Brides parish in a ward of London called Farringdon without where they making their appearances according to the same precepts were impleaded afore him and other his said associats of diuerse murthers felonies outlawries and of the articles in the statute of prouisors conteined also of wilfull escapes of felonies and such like matters and articles apperteining to the plées of the crowne and common lawes of the realme And that doone the said persons were committed to diuerse prisons as the Fléet the Tower and other places where they were deteined till they had fined at his pleasure as well for the commoditie of the said late king as for the singular aduantage of the said sir Richard Empson Moreouer whereas the said Empson being recorder of Couentrie and there sate with the maior and other iustices of the peace vpon a speciall gaole deliuerie within that citie on the monday before the feast of saint Thomas the apostle in the sixtéenth yeare of the late kings reigne a prisoner that had beene indicted of felonie for taking out of an house in that citie certeine goods to the value of twentie shillings was arreigned before them And bicause the iurie would not find the said prisoner giltie for want of sufficient euidince as they after alleged the said sir Richard Empson supposing the same euidence to be sufficient caused them to be committed to ward wherein they remained foure daies togither till they were contented to enter bond in fortie pounds a péece to appeare before the king and his councell the second returne of the tearme then next insuing being Quindena Hilarij Wherevpon they kéeping their daie and appearing before the said sir Richard Empson and other of the kings councell according to their bonds were adiudged to paie euerie of them eight pounds for a fine and accordinglie made paiment thereof as they were then thought well worthie so to doo But now this matter so long past was still kept in memorie and so earnest some were to inforce it to the vttermost against the said Empson that in a sessions holden at Couentrie now in this first yeare of this kings reigne an indictment was framed against him for this matter and thereof he was found giltie as if therein he had committed some great and heinous offense against the kings peace his crowne and dignitie Thus haue I thought good to shew what I find hereof to the end ye may perceiue how glad men were to find some colour of sufficient matter to bring the said sir Richard Empson and maister Edmund Dudleie within danger of the lawes whereby at length they were not onelie condemned by act of parlement through malice of such as might séeme to seeke their destruction for priuat grudges but in the end also they were arreigned as first the said Edmund Dudleie in the Guildhall of London the seuentéenth of Iulie and sir Richard Empson at Northampton in October next insuing and being there condemned was from thence brought backe againe to the Tower of London where he remained till the time of his execution as after yée shall heare This yeare the plague was great and reigned in diuerse parts of this realme The king kept his Christmas at Richmond The twelfe of Ianuarie diuerse gentlemen prepared to iust and the king and one of his priuie chamber called William Compton secretlie armed themselues in the little parke of Richmond so came into the iustes vnknowne to all persons The king neuer ran openlie before and did exceeding well Maister Compton chanced line 10 to be sore hurt by Edward Neuill esquier brother to the lord of Aburgauennie so that he was like to haue died One person there was that knew the king and cried God saue the king and with that all the people were astonied and then the king discouered himselfe to the great comfort of the people The king soone after came to Westminster and there kept his Shrouetide with great bankettings dansings and other iollie pastimes And on a time the king in person accompanied line 20 with the earles of Essex Wilshire and other noble men to the number of twelue came suddenlie in a morning into the queenes chamber all apparelled in short coates of Kentish Kendall with hoodes on their heads hosen of the same euerie one of them his bow and arrowes and a sword and a buckler like outlawes or Robin Hoods men Whereat the queene the ladies and all other there were abashed as well for the strange sight as also for their sudden comming and after certeine danses and pastime made they departed On Shrouesundaie the same line 30 yeare the king prepared a goodlie banket in the parlement chamber at Westminster for all the ambassadors which then were here out of diuerse realmes and countries The banket being readie the king leading the quéene entered into the chamber then the ladies ambassadours and other noble men followed in order The king caused the queene to keepe the estate and then sate the ambassadours and ladies as they were marshalled by the K. who would not sit but walked line 40 from place to place making cheare to the quéene and the strangers suddenlie the king was gone And shorlie after his grace with the earle of Essex came in apparelled after the Turkie fashion in long robes of baudekin powdered with gold hats on their heds of crimsin veluet with great rolles of gold girded with two swords called cimiteries hanging by great bauderiks of gold Then next came the lord Henrie earle of
schoolmaister for his yearelie wages six pounds thirtéene shillings foure pence and to euerie one of the said almes folke seuen pence a weeke and fiue pounds to be bestowed yearelie amongst them in coles And ordeined that the said almes priest should on sundaies and festiuall daies be helping and assistant to the vicar or curat line 40 there in celebration of diuine seruice on the wéeke daies fréelie to applie and teach yoong children of the said parish to the number of thirtie in a schoolehouse by him there builded for that purpose Moreouer hée gaue to the parish clearke there for the time being a yearlie stipend of twentie six shillings eight pence for euer and a chamber by the said almes house to the intent he should helpe the said schoolemaister to teach the said children And hath giuen faire lands and tenements in the citie of London for the perpetuall line 50 maintenance of the premisses to Gods glorie for euer He also for the great commoditie of trauellers on foot made a continuall causie of timber ouer the marshes from Walthamstow to Locke bridge towards London In the moneth of Maie the king and the new duke of Suffolke were defenders at the tilt against all commers The king was in a scopelarie mantle an hat of cloth of siluer and like a white hermit and the duke apparelled like a blacke hermit all of blacke line 60 veluet both their berds were of damaske siluer and when they had ridden about the tilt shewed themselues to the quéene then they threw off their apparell and sent it to the ladies for a larges Then was the king in blacke and the duke in white with blacke staues on the staues was written with white letters Who can hold that will away this posie was iudged to be made for the duke of Suffolke and the duchesse of Sauoie At these iustes were the duke of Longuile the lord Cleremont and there the king duke did so valiantlie that they obteined the prise At these iustes were broken an hundred and fourteene speares in a short space The king at this season sent againe into Flanders for the performance of the mariage of the yoong prince of Castile and the faire ladie Marie his sister and shewed how he had prepared all things necessarie and conuenient for such an high estate The councell of Flanders answered that they would not receiue hir that yeare with manie subtill arguments by reason wherof the perfect loue betwene England and the low countries was much slaked On the nineteenth daie of Maie was receiued into London a cap of maintenance a sword sent from pope Iulie with a great companie of nobles and gentlemen which was presented to the king on the sundaie then next insuing with great solemnitie in the cathedrall church of saint Paule Touching this pope saith Guicciardine disappointed of so manie hopes we may laie him in comparison with that which is written by the poets of Anteus that being tamed by the forces of Hercules as often as he was throwne to the ground so often did appeare in him a greater strength and courage such wéening had the pope amidst his aduersities for when he seemed most abased and oppressed it was then that he did most lift vp him selfe with a spirit more constant and resolute promising better of his fortune than euer After he had plaied all his troublesome pageants and had got by sundrie aspiring practises I wot not what péerelesse primasie he fell sicke And happilie he was then more full of high conceipts and trauelling thoughts than at anie time before for notwithstanding he had brought his fortune to be equall with his desires obteined the thing he aspired vnto yet his deuises and plots did nothing diminish but grew increasing by the same meane which should haue satisfied them He had determined in the beginning of the spring and first opening of the yeare to send to the enterprise of Ferrara which he so much desired and his opinion was that that state was able to make no resistance both for that it was naked of all succours and bicause the Spanish armie was to ioine with his companies he had secretlie bought of Cesar for the price of thirtie thousand duckets the citie of Sienna for the behoofe of the duke of Urbin to whome except Pesera he would neuer giue anie thing of the estate ecclesiastike to the end to reserue to himselfe the whole glorie to haue simplie and onelie studied for the exaltation of the church He agreed to lend to Cesar fortie thousand duckats receiuing Modona in gage He threatned them of Lucquoie who in the heat of the affaires of the duke of Ferrara were become lords of Garsagnana making instance that they would deliuer it to him He was out of conceit with the cardinall of Medicis for that he thought him to cleaue more to the king catholike than to him And bicause he knew he was not able to dispose of the citie of Florence as he thought he studied alredie new plots and new practises to alter that estate He was ill contented with the cardinall of Sion from whome he tooke the name of legat and inioined him to come to Rome for that in the duchie of Millan he had appropriat to himselfe a yearelie rent of more than thirtie thousand duckats of the estates and goods of diuerse persons The better to assure the duke of Urbin of Sienna by intelligences of his neighbours he had of new taken into his paie Charles Baillon to chase out of Perousa Iohn Paule who by affinitie was verie neere ioined to the sonnes of Pandolffe Petruccio successours to the greatnesse of their father He would of new create duke of Genes Octauian Fregosa deposing Ianus from that dignitie an action wherevnto did consent the others of the house of Fregosa bicause for the degrée that his ancestors held in that state it séemed best to apperteine vnto him He studied continuallie either how he might worke out of Italie the Spanish armie or cut it in péeces by the aid of the Swizzers whome aboue all others he exalted and imbraced In this deuise hée had this intention that the kingdome of Naples being occupied by him Italie should remaine frée from strangers a speach that often passed out of his mouth and to that end hée had hindered that the Swizzers did not confederate with the king catholike And yet as though it had beene in his power to line 10 batter all the world at one time he continued his accustomed rigour against the French king And notwithstanding he had hard a message from the queene yet he stirred vp to make warre the king of England to whome he had transferred by publke decree of the councell of Lateran the name of Christianissimo whereof there was alreadie a bull written and in it likewise was conteined the priuation of the dignitie name of the king of France giuing his kingdome to who could occupie it
On fridaie the thirteenth daie of Iulie the emperour did intend to haue departed from Calis but the counsell was such that he departed not that night On saturdaie the fouretéenth of Iulie the emperour tooke his leaue of the queene of England his aunt and departed toward Graueling being conducted on his waie by the king of England to a village towards Flanders called Waell and there line 30 they imbraced and tooke their leaue either of other in most louing maner They did not altogither spend the time thus while they were togither in vaine pleasures and sporting reuels for the charters before time concluded were read ouer and all the articles of the league tripartite agréed betwixt the emperour the king of England and the French king were at full declared to the which the French king had fullie condescended And for the more proofe thereof and exemplification of the same he sent monsieur de Roch line 40 with letters of credence to signifie to the emperour that in the word of a prince he would obserue fulfill performe and kéepe all the same articles for him his realme and subiects Shortlie after that the emperour and the king had taken leaue each of other and were departed the king shipped and with the quéene and all other the nobilitie returned safelie into England The king kept his Christmas at Greenwith this yeare with much noblenesse and open court And the tenth daie of Februarie in his owne person iusted line 50 with all commers On Twelfe daie his grace and the earle of Deuonshire with foure aids answered at the tourneie all commers which were sixtéene persons noble and rich was their apparell but in feats of armes the king excelled the rest About this time the king hauing regard to the common welth of his realme year 1521 considered how for the space of fiftie yeares past and more the nobles and gentlemen of England being giuen to grasiâ—â— of cattell and kéeping line 60 of shéepe had inuented a meane how to increase their yearelie reuenues to the great decaie and vndooing of husbandmen of the land For the said nobles and gentlemen after the maner of the Numidians more studieng how to increase their pastures than to mainteine tillage began to decaie husband tacks tenements and to conuert arable ground into pasture furnishing the same with beasts and shéepe and also deere so inclosing the field with hedges ditches and pales which they held in their owne hands ingrossing woolles and selling the same and also shéepe and beasts at their owne prices and as might stand most with their owne priuate commoditie Hereof a thréefold euill chanced to the common wealth as Polydor noteth One for that thereby the number of husbandmen was sore diminished the which the prince vseth chieflie in his seruice for the warres an other for that manie townes and villages were left desolate and became ruinous the third for that both wooll and cloth made thereof and the flesh of all maner beasts vsed to be eaten was sold at far higher prices than was accustomed These enormities at the first begining being not redressed grew in short space to such force and vigour by euill custome that afterwards they gathered to such an vnited force that hardly they could be remedied Much like a disease which in the beginning with litle paine to the patient and lesse labour to the surgeon maie be cured whereas the same by delaie and negligence being suffered to putrifie becommeth a desperate sore and then are medicines nothing auailable and not to be applied according to his opinion that said Helleborum frustra cùm iam cutis aegratumescit Poscentes videas venienti occurrite morbo The king therefore causing such good statutes as had beene deuised and established for reformation in this behalfe to be reuiued and called vpon tooke order by directing foorth his commissions vnto the iustices of peace and other such magistrats that presentment should be had and made of all such inclosures and decaie of husbandrie as had chanced within the space of fiftie yeares before that present time The iustices and other magistrates according to their commission executed the same And so commandement was giuen that the decaied houses should bée built vp againe that the husbandmen should be placed eftsoones in the same and that inclosed grounds should be laid open and sore punishment appointed against them that disobeied These so good and wholesome ordinances shortlie after were defeated by meanes of bribes giuen vnto the cardinall for when the nobles and gentlemen which had for their pleasures imparked the common fields were loth to haue the same againe disparked they redéemed their vexation with good sommes of monie and so had licence to keepe their parks and grounds inclosed as before Thus the great expectation which men had conceiued of a generall redresse prooued void howbeit some profit the husbandmen in some parts of the realme got by the moouing of this matter where inclosures were alreadie laid open yer mistresse monie could preuent them and so they inioied their commons which before had beene taken from them After that this matter for inclosures was thus dispatched the cardinall boiling in hatred against the duke of Buckingham thirsting for his bloud deuised to make Charles Kneuet that had beene the dukes surueior and put from him as ye haue heard an instrument to bring the duke to destruction This Kneuet being had in examination before the cardinall disclosed all the dukes life And first he vttered that the duke was accustomed by waie of talke to saie how he meant so to vse the matter that he would atteine to the crowne if king Henrie chanced to die without issue that he had talke and conference of that matter on a time with George Neuill lord of Aburgauennie vnto whome he had giuen his daughter in marriage and also that he threatned to punish the cardinall for his manifold misdooings being without cause his mortall enimie The cardinall hauing gotten that which he sought for incouraged comforted and procured Kneuet with manie comfortable words and great promises that he should with a bold spirit and countenance obiect and laie these things to the dukes charge with more if he knew it when time required Then Kneuet partlie prouoked with desire to be reuenged and partlie mooued with hope of reward openlie confessed that the duke had once fullie determined to deuise meanes how to make the king away being brought into a full hope that he should be king by a vaine prophesie which one Nicholas Hopkins a monke of an house of the Chartreux order beside Bristow called Henton sometime his confessor had opened vnto him The cardinall hauing thus taken the examination line 10 on of Kneuet went vnto the king and declared vnto him that his person was in danger by such traitorous purpose as the duke of Buckingham had conceiued in his heart and shewed how that now there is manifest
vpon the table nothing but gilt plate and vpon a cupbord and in a window was set no plate but gold verie rich and in the councell chamber was all white and parcell gilt plate and vnder the table in baskets was all old broken siluer plate and bookes set by them purporting euerie kind of plate and euerie parcell with the contents of the ounces thereof Thus were all things prepared giuing charge of all the said stuffe with all other remaining in euerie office to be deliuered to the king to make answer to their charge for the order was such that euerie officer was charged with the receipt of the stuffe belonging to his office by indenture To sir William Gascoigne being his treasuror he gaue the charge of the deliuerie of the said goods and therwithall with his traine of gentlemen and yeomen he tooke his barge at the priuie staires and so went by water vnto Putneie where when he was arriued he tooke his mule euerie man tooke their horsses and rode streight to Asher where he and his familie continued the space of three or foure weekes without either beds shéets table cloths or dishes to eat their meat in or wherwith to buie anie the cardinall was forced to â—orow of the bishop of Carleill plate and dishes c. After this in the kings bench his matter for the premunire being called vpon two atturneis which he had authorised by his warrant signed with his owne hand confessed the action and so had iudgement to forfeit all his lands tenements goods and cattels and to be out of the kings protection but the king of his clemencie sent to him a sufficient protection and left to him the bishoprikes of Yorke and Winchester with plate and stuffe conuenient for his degrée The bishoprike of Duresme was giuen to doctor Tunstall bishop of London and the abbeie of saint Albons to the prior of Norwich Also the bishoprike of London being now void was bestowed on doctor Stokesleie then ambassadour to the vniuersities beyond the sea for the kings mariage The ladie Margaret duches of Sauoy aunt to the emperour and the ladie Lâ—is duchesse of Angolesme mother to the French king met at Cambreie in the beginning of the moneth of Iune to treat of a peace where were present doctor Tunstall bishop of London and sir Thomas Moore then chancellor of the duchie of Lancaster commissioners for the king of England At length through diligence of the said ladies a peace was concluded betwixt the emperour the pope and the kings of England and France All these met there in the beginning of Iulie accompanied with diuerse great princes and councellors on euerie part And after long debating on both sides there was a good conclusion taken the fift daie of August In the which was concluded that the treatie of Madrill should stand in his full strength and vertue sauing the third and fourth and the eleuenth and fourtéenth articles which touch the duchie of Burgognie and other lordships 1 Item it was agréed that the French king should haue his children againe paieng to the emperour two millians of crownes of gold whereof hée should paie at the deliuering of the children twelue hundred thousand crownes 2 Item that the French king should acquit the emperour against the king of England of fourescore and ten thousand crowns which the emperour owght line 10 to the king of England and the king of England to deliuer all such bonds and gages as he had of the emperours 3 Item as touching the remnant which was fiue hundred and ten thousand crownes the emperour should haue fiue and twentie thousand crownes rent yearelie for which he should haue the lands of the duchesse of Uandosme lieng in Flanders and Brabant bound 4 Item that Flanders and diuerse other countries line 20 should not behold in chiefe nor haue resort to the crowne of France 5 Item that the realme of Naples the duchie of Millan and the countie of Ast should for euer remaine to the emperour 6 Item that the French king should withdraw all such souldiors as he had out of Italie 7 Item that the ladie Eleanor should be brought into France with the French kings children and in time conuenient should be maried to the French line 30 king 8 Item that the French king should aid the emperour with twelue gallies to go into Italie 9 Item that all prisoners on both parties should be acquited 10 Item that the French king should not aid Robert de la March against the bishop of Luke 11 Item that all the goods mooueable and vnmoouable of Charles duke of Burbon should be restored to his heires they paieng to lord Henrie marquesse of Dapenete and earle of Nassaw lord chamberleine line 40 to the emperour ten thousand ducats which he lent to the said duke of Burbon 12 Item that Iohn earle of Panthieure should be remitted to all such goods as were earle Rene his fathers 13 Item the lord Laurence de Gorowood great master to the emperor should be restored to the lordships of Chalmont Monteualle which he bought of the duke of Burbon or to haue his monie againe 14 Item Philip de Chalon prince of Orenge and line 50 viceroy of Naples to be restored to all his lands in Burgognie 15 Item that the duches of Uandosme and Lois earle of Nauers should haue all such right and actions as they should haue had before the warre began In the emperours countries when all things were written sealed and finished there was a solemne masse soong in the cathedrall church of Cambreie the two ladies ambassadors of the king of England sitting in great estate and after masse the peace was line 60 proclamed betwéene the thrée princes and Te Deum soong and monie cast to the people and great fires made through the citie The same night the French king came into Cambreie well and noblie accompanied and saluted the ladies and to them made diuerse bankets and then all persons departed into their countrie glad of this concord This peace was called the womens peace for bicause that notwithstanding this conclusion yet neither the emperour trusted the French king nor he neither trusted nor loued him and their subiects were in the same case This proclamation was proclamed solemnelie by heralds with trumpets in the citie of London which proclamation much reioised the English merchants repairing into Flanders Brabant Zeland and other the emperors dominions For during the wars merchants were euill handled on both parties which caused them to be desirous of peace On the foure twentith of Nouember was sir Thomas Moore made lord chancellor the next day led to the Chancerie by the dukes of Norffolke and Suffolke and there sworne At the daie appointed the parlement began on which daie the king came by water to his place of Bridewell and there he and his nobles put on their robes of parlement and so came to
and was princelie rewarded at that present was the marriage concluded betwixt the king and the ladie Anne sister vnto duke William of Cleue great preparation was made for the receiuing of hir ¶ The twelfe of October the nunnerie of Haliwell foorthwith the priorie of S. Marie oueries in Southworke and S. Bartholomews in Smithfield were suppressed all their lands goods taken to the kings vse Thomas Huntlow of London for this yeare shiriffe gaue the habardashers certeine tenements for the which they be bound to giue to ten poore almes people of the same companie euerie one of them eight pence euerie fridaie for euer and also at euerie quarter dinner kept by the masters to be line 10 giuen to euerie one of those ten poore people a penie loafe a pottell of ale a péece of beefe worth foure pence in a platter with porage and foure pence in monie The fouretéenth of Nouember Hugh Feringdon abbat of Reding and two priests the one called Rug and the other Onion attainted of high treason for denieng the supremacie of the king ouer the church of England were drawne hanged and quartered at Reding The same daie was Richard Whiting line 20 abbat of Glastenburie likewise hanged and quartered on Towre hill beside his monasterie for the same matter and other treasons whereof he had beene conuicted The first of December was Iohn Bech abbat of Colchester put to death for the like offense In December were appointed to wait on the kings person fiftie gentlemen called pensioners or speares vnto whome was assigned the sum of fiftie pounds yeerelie a péece for the maintenance line 30 of themselues and two horsses or one horsse and a gelding of seruice The eleuenth daie of December at the turne pike on this side Graueling was the ladie Anne of Cleue receiued by the lord deputie of the towne of Calis and with the speares and horssemen belonging to the retinue there When she came within little more than a mile of the towne of Calis she was met by the erle of Southampton high admerall of England who had in his companie thirtie gentlemen of the kings houshold as sir Francis Brian sir Thomas line 40 Seimer and others beside a great number of gentlemen of his owne retinue clad in blue veluet and crimsin satin and his yeomen in damaske of the same colours The mariners of his ship were apparelled in satin of Bridges cotes slops of the same colour The lord admerall brought hir into Calis by Lanterne gate There was such a peale of ordinance shot off at hir entrie as was maruellous to the hearers The maior presented hir with an hundred markes in gold the merchants of the staple line 50 with an hundred souereignes of gold in a rich purse She was lodged in the kings place called the Checker and there she laie fiftéene daies for want of prosperous wind During which time goodlie iusts and costlie bankets were made to hir for hir solace and recreation And on S. Iohns daie in Christmasse she with fiftie saile tooke passage about noone and landed at Dele in the Downes about fiue of the clocke where sir Thomas Chenie lord Warden of the ports receiued hir line 60 She taried there a certeine space in a castell newlie built and thither came the duke of Suffolke and the dutches of Suffolke and the bishop of Chichester with a great number of knights and esquiers and ladies of Kent and other which welcomed hir grace and brought hir that night vnto Douer castell where she rested till mondaie on which daie notwithstanding it was verie foule and stormie weather she passed towards Canturburie and on Baram downe met hir the archbishop of Canturburie with the bishops of Elie S. Asse S. Dauies and Douer and so brought hir to S. Augustins without Canturburie where she laie that night The next daie she came to Sittingburne and laie there that night As she passed towards Rochester on Newyeares euen on Reinam downe met hir the duke of Norffolke and the lord Dacres of the south and the lord Montioie with a great companie of knights and esquiers of Norffolke and Suffolke with the barons of the escheker which brought hir to Rochester where the laie in the palace all Newyeares daie On which daie the king longing to sée hir accompanied with no more but eight persons of his priuie chamber year 1540 both he and they all apparelled in marble cotes priuilie comming to Rochester suddenlie came to hir presence wherof at the first she was somewhat astonied but after he had spoken to hir and welcomed hir she with louing countenance and gratious behauiour him receiued and welcomed him on hir knées whom he gentlie tooke vp and kissed and all that after noone communed and deuised with hir supped that night with hir and the next daie he departed to Gréenewich and she came forward to Dartford On the morrow the third daie of Ianuarie being saturdaie in a faire plaine of Blackeheath more neere to the foot of Shooters hill than the ascendent of the same called Blackheath hill was pitched a pauilion of rich cloth of gold and diuerse other tents and pauilions in which were made fiers and perfumes for hir and such ladies as were appointed to receiue hir and from the tents to the parke gate of Greenewich all the bushes and fixs were cut downe and a large open waie made for the shew of all persons And first next to the parke pale on the east side stood the merchants of the stilliard and on the west side stood the merchants of Genoa Florence and Uenice and the Spaniards in cotes of veluet Then on both sides the waie stood the merchants of the citie of London and the aldermen with the councellors of the said citie to the number of a hundred and thréescore which were mingled with the esquiers then the fiftie gentlemen pensioners and all these were apparelled in veluet and chaines of gold trulie accounted to the number of twelue hundred aboue beside them that came with the king and hir which were six hundred in veluet cotes and chaines of gold Behind the gentlemen stood the seruingmen in good order well horssed and apparelled that who so euer had well viewed them might haue said that they for tall and comelie personages and cleane of lim and bodie were able to giue the greatest prince in christendome a mortall breakefast if he had béene the kings enimie About twelue of the clocke hir grace with all the companie which were of hir owne nation to the number of an hundred horsse accompanied with the dukes of Norffolke and Suffolke the archbishop of Canturburie and other bishops lords and knights which had receiued and conueied hir came downe Shooters hill towards the tents and a good space from the tents met hir the earle of Rutland appointed lord chamberlaine to hir grace sir Thomas Denise hir chancellor and all hir councellors and officers amongst whome doctor
of the crowne and the merchant meant it of a house in Cheapside at the signe of the crowne but your case is not so My case dooth differ I grant but speciallie bicause I haue not such a iudge yet there is an other cause to restreine these your strange and extraordinarie constructions that is to saie a prouiso in the latter end of the statute of Edward the third hauing these words Prouided alwaies if anie other case of supposed treason shall chance hereafter to come in question or triall before anie iustice other than is in the said statute expressed that then the iustice shall forbeare to adiudge the said case vntill it be shewed to the parlement to trie whether it should be treason or felonie Here you are restreined by expresse words to adiudge anie case that is not manifestlie mentioned before and vntill it be shewed to the parlement That prouiso is vnderstood of cases that maie come in triall which hath béene in vre but the law hath alwaies taken the procurer to be a principall offendor The law alwaies in cases of treason dooth account all principals and no accessaries as in other offenses and therefore a man offending in treason either by couert act or procurement wherevpon an open deed hath insued as in this case is adiudged by the law a principall traitor You adiudge me thinke procurement verie hardlie besides the principall and besides the good prouiso and besides the good example of your best and most godlie learned predecessors the iudges of the realme as I haue partlie declared and notwithstanding this grieuous racking extending of this word procurement I am not in the danger of it for it dooth appeare by no deposition that I procured neither one or other to attempt anie act The iurie haue to trie whether it be so or no let it weie as it will I know no meane so apparant to trie procurement as by words that meane is probable inough against you as well by your owne confession as by other mens depositions To talke of the quéenes marriage with the prince of Spaine and also the comming hither of the Spaniards is not to procure treson to be doone for then the whole parlement house I meane the common house did procure treason But sith you will make line 10 no difference betwixt words and acts I praie you remember a statute made in my late souereigne lord and masters time king Edward the sixt which apparantlie expressed the difference These be the words Whosoeuer dooth compasse or imagine to depose the king of his roiall estate by open preaching expresse words or saiengs shall for the first offense loose and forfet to the king all his and their goods and cattels and also shall suffer imprisonment of their bodies at the kings will and pleasure Whosoeuer c for the second line 20 offense shall loose forfet to the king the whole issues and profits of all his or their lands tenements and other hereditaments benefices prebends and other spirituall promotions Whosoeuer c for the third offense shall for tearme of life or liues of such offendor or offendors c and shall also forfet to the kings maiestie all his or their goods and cattels and suffer during his or their liues perpetuall imprisonment of his or their bodies But whosoeuer c by writing ciphering or act c shall for the first offense line 30 be adiudged a traitor and suffer the paines of death Here you maie perceiue how the whole realme and all your iudgements hath before this vnderstood words and acts diuerselie and apparantlie And therfore the iudgements of the parlement did assigne diuersitie of punishments bicause they would not confound the true vnderstanding of words deeds appointing for compassing and imagining by word imprisonment and for compassing and imagining by open déed paines of death line 40 It is agréed by the whole bench that the procurer and the adherent be déemed alwaies traitors when as a traitorous act was committed by anie one of the same conspiracie and there is apparant proofe of your adhering to Wiat both by your owne confession and other waies Adhering and procuring be not all one for the statute of Edward the third dooth speake of adhering but not of procuring yet adhering ought not to be further extended than to the quéenes enimies within line 50 hir realme for so the statute dooth limit the vnderstanding And Wiat was not the quéenes enimie for he was not so reputed when I talked with him last and our speech implied no enimie neither tended to anie treason or procuring of treason and therefore I praie you of the iurie note though I argue the law I alleage mine innocencie as the best part of my defense Your adhering to the quéenes enimies within the realme is euidentlie prooued for Wiat was the line 60 queenes enimie within the realme as the whole realme knoweth it and he hath confessed it both at his arreignement and at his death By your leaue neither Wiat at his arreignement nor at his death did confesse that he was the quéenes enimie when I talked last with him neither was he reputed nor taken in foureteene daies after vntill he assembled a force in armes what time I was at your house master Englefield where I learned the first intelligence of Wiats stirre And I aske you who dooth depose that there passed anie maner of aduertisement betwixt Wiat and me after he had discouered his dooings and shewed himselfe an enimie If I had béene so disposed who did let me that I did not repaire to Wiat or to send to him or to the duke of Suffolke either who was in mine owne countrie and thither I might haue gone and conueied my selfe with him vnsuspected for my departing homewards It is true that you were there at my house accompanied with others your brethren and to my knowledge ignorant of these matters Throckmorton you confessed you talked with Wiat and others against the comming of the Spaniards and of the taking of the tower of London wherevpon Wiat leuied a force of men against the Spaniards he said and so you saie all but in deed it was against the quéene which he confessed at length therefore Wiats acts doo prooue you counsellor and procurer howsoeuer you would auoid the matter My thinke you would conclude against me with a mishapen argument in logike and you will giue me leaue I will make an other The iudges sit not here to make disputations but to declare the law which hath béene sufficientlie doone if you would consider it You haue heard reason and the law if you will conceiue it Oh mercifull God oh eternall father which séest all things what maner of proceedings are these To what purpose serueth the statute of repeale the last parlement where I heard some of you here present and diuerse other of the queenes
learned councell grieuouslie inueie against the cruell bloudie lawes of king Henrie the eight and against some lawes made in my late souereigne lord and masters time king Edward the sixt Some termed them Dracos lawes which were written in bloud some said they were more intollerable than anie laws that Dionysius or anie other tyrant made In conclusion as manie men so manie bitter tearmes and names those lawes had And moreouer the preface of the same statute dooth recite that for words onelie manie great personages and others of good behauiour haue béene most cruellie cast awaie by these former sanguinolent thirstie lawes with manie other suggestions for the repeale of the same And now let vs put on indifferent eies and throughlie consider with our selues as you the iudges handle the constructions of the statute of Edward the third with your equitie and extentions whether we be not in much woorse case now than we were when those cruell laws yoked vs. These lawes albeit they were grieuous and captious yet they had the verie propertie of a law after saint Paules description For those lawes did admonish vs and discouer our sinnes plainelie vnto vs when a man is warned he is halfe armed These lawes as they be handled be verie baits to catch vs onlie prepared for the same and no laws for at the first sight they ascerteine vs we be deliuered from our old bondage and by the late repeale the last parlement we liue in more securitie But when it pleaseth the higher powers to call anie mans life and saiengs in question then there be constructions interpretations and extentions reserued to the iustices and iudges equitie that the partie triable as I am now shall find himselfe in much woorse case than before when those cruell lawes stood in force Thus our amendment is from Gods blessing into the warme sunne But I require you honest men which are to trie my life consider these opinions of my life iudges be rather agréeable to the time than to the truth for their iudgements be repugnant to their owne principle repugnant to their godlie and best learned predecessors opinions repugnant I saie to the prouiso in the statute of repeale made in the last parlement Master Throckmorton quiet your selfe and it shall be the better for you Master atturnie I am not so vnquiet as you be and yet our cases are not alike but bicause I am so tedious to you and haue long troubled this presence it maie please my lord chiefe iustice to repeat the euidence wherewith I am charged and my answers to all the obiections if there be no other matter to laie against me ¶ Then the chiefe iustice remembred particularlie all the depositions and euidences giuen against the line 10 prisoner and either for want of good memorie or good will the prisoners answers were in part not recited wherevpon the prisoner craued indifferencie and did helpe the iudges old memorie with his owne recitall My masters of the iurie you haue to inquire whether sir Nicholas Throckmorton knight here prisoner at the barre be giltie of these treasons or anie of them whereof he hath beene indicted and this daie arreigned yea or no. And if you find him giltie you line 20 shall inquire what lands tenements goods and cattels he had at the daie of his treasons committed or at anie time since and whether he fled for the treasons or no if you find him not giltie Haue you said what is to be said Yea for this time Then I praie you giue me leaue to speake a few words to the iurie The weight and grauitie of my cause hath greatlie occasioned me to trouble you here long and therfore I mind not to interteine you here long with anie prolix oration you perceiue notwithstanding line 30 this daie great contention betwixt the iudges and the quéenes learned councell on the one partie and me the poore and wofull prisoner on the other partie The triall of our whole controuersie the triall of my innocencie the triall of my life lands and goods and the destruction of my posteritie for euer dooth rest in your good iudgements And albeit manie this daie haue greatlie inueied against me the finall determination thereof is transferred onelie to you How grieuous horrible the shedding of line 40 innocents bloud is in the sight of almightie God I trust you doo remember Therefore take héed I saie for Christs sake doo not defile your consciences with such heinous notable crimes They be grieuouslie and terriblie punished as in this world and vale of miserie vpon the childrens children to the third and fourth generation and in the world to come with euerlasting fire and damnation Lift vp your minds to God and care not too much for the world looke not line 50 backe to the fleshpots of Aegypt which will allure you from heauenlie respects to worldlie securitie and can thereof neither make you anie suertie Beléeue I praie you the queene and hir magistrats be more delighted with fauourable equitie than with rash crueltie And in that you be all citizens I will take my leaue of you with S. Paules farewell to the Ephesians citizens also you be whom he tooke to record that he was pure from sheding anie bloud a speciall token doctrine left for your instruction line 60 that euerie of you maie wash his hands of innocents bâ—oud shed when you shall take your leaue of this wretched world The holie ghost be amongest you Come hither sergeant take the iurie with you and suffer no man to come at them but to be ordered as the law appointeth vntill they be agreed vpon their verdict It may please you my lords and maisters which be commissioners to giue order that no person haue accesse or conference with the iurie neither that any of the quéenes learned councell be suffered to repaire to them or to talke with anie of them vntill they present themselues here in open court to publish their verdict ¶ Upon the prisoners sute on this behalfe the bench gaue order that two seargeants were sworne to suffer no man to repaire to the iurie vntill they were agreed according vnto order Wherevpon then the prisoner was by commandement of the bench withdrawne from the barre and the court adiourned vntill thrée of the clocke at afternoone at which houre the coÌ„missioners returned to the Guild-hall and there did tarie vntill the iurie were agréed vpon the verdict And about fiue of the clocke their agréement being aduertised to the commissioners the said prisoner sir Nicholas Throckmorton was aâ—â—ine brought to the barre where also the iurie did 〈◊〉 and being demanded whether they were agréed vpon their verdict answered vniuersallie with one voice Yea. Then it was asked who should speake for them they answered Whetston the foreman Nicholas Throckmorton knight hold vp thy hand Then the prisoner did so vpon the summons You that be of the iurie looke vpon
London towards Rome as ambassadors sent from the king and quéene to confirme this new reconciliation to the pope A yoong stripling whose name was William Fetherstone a millers sonne about the age of eightéene yeares named and bruted himselfe to be king Edward the sixt whereof when the quéene and the councell heard they caused with all diligence inquirie to be made for him so that he was apprehended in Southworke or as other haue at Eltham in Kent the tenth of Maie line 50 and brought before the councell at Hampton court and there examined And it was demanded of him why he so named himselfe To which he counterfetting a maner of simplicitie or rather frensie would make no direct answer but praid pardon for he wist not what he said affirming further that he was counselled so to saie and to take vpon him the name whereof he accused certeine persons but his talke was not found true wherefore he was committed to the Marshalseie as a lunatike foole line 60 On the eight and twentith daie of Maie next following the aforesaid counterfet prince was brought in a cart from the Marshalseie thorough the citie of London with a paper ouer his head wherein was written that he named himselfe king Edward And from thense was conueied to Westminster being led round about the hall and shewed to all the people there and afterward he was taken out of the cart and stripped and then whipped round about the palace at the same carts taile and then thorough Westminster into Smithfield and then banished into the north in which countrie he was borne and had béene sometime lackie to sir Peter Mewtas and without more punishment was discharged and set at libertie But the next yeare following for that he had spred abroad that king Edward was aliue and that he had spoken with him he was againe apprehended and arreigned of high treason whereof being condemned he shortlie after was drawne vnto Tiburne and there hanged and quartered the thirtéenth of March ¶ Here as in a fit and conuenient place the obseruation of the daie and moneth offering no lesse it is not amisse to set downe the speech of quéene Marie vttered to sundrie of hir lords touching a motion which no doubt certeine popish prelats had put into hir mind the effect whereof followeth as I find it in master Fox Before I passe this moneth of March saith he I cannot but leaue a little memorandum of the words or consultation of quéene Marie vsed to certeine of the councell the eight twentith daie of the said moneth of March touching the restoring againe of the abbeie lands Who after she had called vnto hir presence foure of hir priuie councell the daie and moneth aforesaid the names of which councellors were these William lord marquesse of Winchester high treasuror of England sir Robert Rochester knight the queenes comptrollor sir William Peter knight secretarie sir Francis Inglefield knight master of wards the said queene Marie inferred these words the principall effect summe whereof here followeth You are here of our councell and we haue willed you to be called to vs to the intent yee might heare of me my conscience and the resolution of my mind concerning the lands and possessions as well of monasteries as other churches whatsoeuer being now presentlie in my possession First I doo consider that the said lands were taken awaie from the churches aforesaid in time of schisme and that by vnlawfull means such as are contrarie both to the law of God and of the church For the which cause my conscience dooth not suffer me to deteine them and therefore I here expresselie refuse either to claime or to reteine the said lands for mine but with all my heart fréelie and willinglie without all paction or condition here and before God I doo surrender and relinquish the said lands and possessions or inheritances whatsoeuer doo renounce the same with this mind and purpose that order and disposition thereof may be taken as shall séeme best liking to our most holie lord the pope or else his legat the lord cardinall to the honour of God and wealth of this our realme And albeit you may obiect to me againe that considering the state of my kingdome the dignitie thereof and my crowne imperiall cannot be honorablie mainteined and furnished without the possessions aforesaid yet notwithstanding I set more by the saluation of my soule than by ten kingdoms and therefore the said possessions I vtterlie refuse here to hold after that sort and title and giue most hartie thanks to almightie God which hath giuen me an husband likewise minded with no lesse good affection in this behalfe than I am my selfe Wherefore I charge and command that my chancellor with whom I haue conferred my mind in this matter before and you foure to morrow together doo resort to the most reuerend lord legat and doo signifie to him the premisses in my name giue your attendance vpon him for the more full declaration of the state of my kingdome and of the foresaid possessions accordinglie as you your selues doo vnderstand the matter and can informe him in the same This charge as the sequele gaue proofe was followed with no lesse diligence of the lords than it was imposed with willingnes vpon them by the quéene insomuch that shortlie after as anon you shall heare the performed hir promise to â—he pith But to leâ— this matter passe till due time place require a declaration of the conclusion thereof I am héere saith master Fox as occasion serueth to intreat of pope Iulius death for so much as he made his end about the latter end of this foresaid moneth of March. Concerning the déeds and acts of which pope to make a full declaration it were not so much tedious to the reader as horrible to all good eares Under this Iulius florished the archbishop of Beneuentanus a Florentine named Iohannes a Casa deane of the popes chamber and chéefe legat to the line 10 Uenetians who well declaring the fruit of that filthie see so farre forgat both honestie and nature that he shamed not onelie to plaie the filthie Sodomite himselfe and to boast openlie of the same but also tooke vpon him most impudentlie in Italian metre to all mens eares to set foorth the praise and commendation of that beastlie iniquitie saieng that he himselfe neuer vsed other and this booke was printed at Uenice by one Troianus Nauus And yet the pope could suffer this so great iniquitie and shamelesse line 20 beastlinesse euen vnder his nose in his owne chamber which could not abide the true doctrine of Christ in christian bookes Amongst other pranks and déeds of this foresaid pope in his Iubilée and in the synod of Trent and in confirming of the idoll of Lauretane this is also reported of him in his life that he delighted greatlie in porke flesh and peacocks Upon a time when he
marshall of England was consecrated bishop by Hubert archbishop of Canturburie in the yeare one thousand one hundred ninetie and one he finished the building of his church according to the plot and foundation which his predecessors had laid and that doone he purchased the patronage and lordship of Woodburie of one Albemarlie which he gaue and impropriated vnto the vicars chorall of his church In this mans time in the yeare of our Lord one thousand two hundred and one one line 60 Simon Thurnaius a Cornish man borne brought vp in learning did by diligence and studie so prosper therein that he became excellent in all the liberall sciences and in his daies none thought to be like him He left Oxenford where he had béene a student and went to Paris and there became a priest and studied diuinitie and therein became so excellent and of so deepe a iudgement that he was made chéefe of the Sorbonists at length he became so proud of his learning and did glorie so much therein that he would be singular thought himselfe to be another Aristotle and so much he was therein blinded and waxed so farre in loue with Aristotle that he preferred him before Moses and Christ. But behold Gods iust iudgement For suddenlie his memorie failed him and he waxed so forgetfull that he could neither call to remembrance anie thing that he had doone neither could he discerne read or know a letter of the booke This Henrie after that he had spent and liued twelue yeares in his bishoprike he died and lieth buried in the north side of the chancell of his church in a verie faire toome of marble in the yeare one thousand two hundred and six 21 Simon de Apulia in the yeare one thousand two hundred and six was installed bishop of this sée of him there remaineth no memoriall at all In his time were famous Ioseph Iscanius and Alexander Neckam the one was verie well learned in the Latine and Gréeke toong and in the liberall sciences the other was prior of saint Nicholas and was an vniuersall man being a profound philosopher an eloquent orator a pleasant poet and a déepe diuine In this bishops time the doctrine of eleuation adoration reseruation and praieng for the dead being established by pope Honorius the third the parish churches within this citie were limited in the yeare of our Lord one thousand two hundred twentie two In this mans time in the yeare one thousand two hundred and twelue one Iohannes Deuonius so surnamed because he was borne in Deuon being well bent to good studies was much commended for his learning and modestie He was familiar and of great acquaintance with Baldwin archbishop of Canturburie and being made abbat of Ford was in such fauor with king Iohn that he chose him to be his confessor and chapleine he was a writer and compiled diuerse bookes which were then accounted of Being dead he was buried in his abbeie the people much lamenting the want of so good a man This bishop hauing spent eightéene yeares died in the yeare of our Lord one thousand two hundred twentie and foure was buried in his owne church 22 William Brewer verie shortlie after the death of the foresaid Simon was elected bishop and consecrated by Stephan Langton archbishop of Canturburie in the yeare of our Lord one thousand two hundred twentie and foure He was borne and descended of a noble house and parentage being brother to sir William Brewer knight the husband of the eldest daughter one of the heirs to William de Uerona erle of Deuon and who also was founder of the abbeies of Tor of Hartland and other monasteries This bishop so wiselie and discréetlie behaued himselfe that he was had in great reputation among all men and in speciall fauour with the king For king Henrie hauing giuen his sister ladie Isabell to wife vnto Frederike the emperor did commend and betake hir to this bishop to be conueied and conducted to the emperor And such was the fame and good report spred of him that as he passed through the countries they were from place to place receiued with great honor and being come to the citie of Coleine the archbishop there did not onelie verie honorablie receiue them but also accompanied them vnto the citie of Wormes where the mariage was solemnized When this bishop had séene the marriage and all things performed he tooke his leaue and was dismissed with great presents and honorablie accompanied homewards by the archbishop and others At his returne he was ioifullie receiued of all the noble men about the king and most thankfullie by the king himselfe and whome the king vsed as his speciall and most trustie councellor in all his weightie causes This bishop being come home to his owne house andminding as his predecessors had doone to leaue some good memoriall behind him he made a deane and constituted twentie foure prebendaries within his church To the one he impropriated Brampton and Coliton Rawleie for the others he purchased so much land as out whereof he assigned to euerie prebendarie foure pounds by the yeare and of these he ordeined his chapter Also in this mans time in the yeare one thousand two hundred and fortie Gilbert Long and Robert his brother citizens of this citie builded and founded the hospitall of saint Iohns within the east gate of this citie for the sustenance of certeine poore folks called afterwards the poore children of saint Iohns gaue all their lands and tenements to the same which was line 10 sufficient The yeare following the cell of Alexius was remooued and adioined to saint Iohns and then the founders being dead the charge and gouernement of that house was by those founders commended to the maior of this citie they thenseforth were founders and patrons thereof In the yeare of our Lord one thousand two hundred fortie and foure there grew a contention concerning the poore lazer sicke people of the Magdalen without the south gate of this citie whose maner and vsage was then with line 20 a clapdish vpon euerie market daie to resort and come to the markets and there to beg euerie mans deuotion but by reason of their sicknesse which was lothsome and abhorred the peoples deuotion waxed short and scant against them as also euerie man murmured against their going begging at large Where vpon the matter being brought into question betwéene the bishop and this citie it was concluded that a perimutation should be made and that therefore the bishops should be patrones and haue the line 30 gouernement of saint Iohns and the maior and his successors to be gardians and founders of the hospitall of the Magdalen with a prouiso that the proctor of the hospitall of the Magdalen should on one daie in euerie moneth come with his box to saint Peters church at the time of seruice and there receiue and gather the deuotion of the canons which is vsed at these presents This poore house remaineth
towne of Sutton Ualens in Kent this worshipfull gentleman at his owne costs and proper expenses erected a grammar schoole for the education of youth in the feare of God in good maners in knowledge and vnderstanding He also weieng with himselfe that the labourer ought of right to haue his hire and that no man goeth to warre of his owne proper charge besides other commodities which he thought méet and necessarie hath allowed the master twentie pounds and the vsher ten pounds from time to time as either place shall be supplied by succession for their yearelie stipends and perpetuall pensions To continue the rehersall of his good déeds in Sutton aforesaid note his tender pitifull heart toward the poore for whose sustentation maintenance and reliefe he hath builded six almes houses for the impotent and hath giuen six pounds to be yearelie paied vnto them for their necessarie prouision Moreouer besides this charitable déed to keepe still within the compasse of Kent marke the singular loue which this gentleman did beare vnto learning for the furtherance wherof and the more incouragement of poore scholers he hath giuen to the schoole of Maidstone ten pounds a yeare for euer with this caueat or prouiso that néedie mens children should be preferred to the enioieng of this singular benefit That this gentleman had not onelie a regard for the seed-plots of learning to haue them watered with the springs of his bountie but also a prouident eie and a carefull hart for the profit of the common-wealth the particulars following substantiallie doo prooue For séeing in his life time the decaie of sundrie trades the ruine of diuerse occupations and other inconueniences which are like to grow to the vndooing of a multitude except by policie they be preuented of a méere affection if I said fatherlie I were not controllable he hath freelie giuen to the poore clothiers in Suffolke to the poore clothiers of Bridgenorth in Shropshire and to the poore clothiers at Ludlow in the said countie thrée hundred pounds to be said by euen portions to each seuerall towne of the said counties one hundred pounds a péece for their supportation and maintenance at their worke and occupation So litle estéemed he the mucke of this world in respect of dooing good speciallie when he saw old age drawing him to his graue of which mind it were to be wished all richmen would be whom God hath made his stewards when they wax crooked bow backt and as the poet saith Obrepit canis rugosa senecta capillis Furthermore the well of his weldooing not yet waxing drie but yéelding liquor of reliefe verie largelie hath watered other places For as the countrie so likewise the citie the citie I meane of London hath cause yea iust cause with open mouth to magnifie the goodnesse of God so mightilie working in this praiseworshie esquier The memorable monuments which shall liue when he is dead and shall flourish when he is rotten are witnesses of the loue which he being a citizen bare vnto this citie For let vs begin with the conduit which he of his owne costs not requiring either collection or contribution founded of late in Holborne not sparing expenses so it might be substantiall not pinching for charges so it might be durable and plentifull as they can testifie which saw the seeking of the springs the maner of making the trenches the ordering of the pipes lieng in length from the head to the said conduit more than two thousand yards and finallie the framing of euerie necessarie appurtenance therevnto belonging Besides this means is made by a standard with one cocke at Holâ—orne bridge to conueie the wast which doth such seruice the water thereof being both swéet pleasant and wholsome as neither rich nor poore can well misse Which great worke as he aduisedlie attempted so he commendablie finished hauing disbursed therabouts of his owne costs charges to the sum of 1500 pounds And yet further note the wisedome and prouidence of this gentleman who considering that the right vse of a good thing might cut off manie occasions line 10 of vnthristines and idlenesse and knowing that we are placed in this world to follow the vocation wherevnto we are called besides that séeing the hardnesse of this age wherein we liue that manie would worke if they had meanes manie neglect and care not for worke though they haue meanes some would willinglie withstand pouertie if they might some had rather beg and doo woorsse than giue themselues to labour hath béene thus beneficiall to poore women that are glad to take pains as to bestow vpon line 20 them a hundred and twentie pales wherewith to carrie and serue water an honest shift of liuing though somewhat toilesome To descend and come downe to other his almesdeeds you shall vnderstand that he being a member of the right worshipfull corporation and societie of Clothworkers was not forgetfull of that companie vnto whome he hath giuen his dwelling house in London with other lands and tenements to the value of thirtie pounds or thereabouts by them to be thus bestowed to wit for the line 30 hiring of a minister to read diuine seruice thrise a weeke that is euerie sundaie wednesdaie and fridaie throughout the yeare in the chapell or church belonging to his house called by the name of saint Iames in the wall by Criplegate and for foure sermons there yéerelie to be made and preached a competent allowance Out of which sum also of thirtie pounds it is prouided that a deduction be made by the said Clothworkers for apparelling twelue men and as manie women line 40 in forme as followeth that is to saie to euerie one of the twelue men one fréeze gowne one locorum shirt a good strong paire of winter shooes to twelue women likewise one fréeze gowne one locorum smocke a good strong paire of winter shooes all readie made for their wearing remembred alwaies that they must be persons both poore and honest vnto whome this charitable déed ought to be extended Prouided also that the execution hereof be done the first daie of October orderlie from yeare to line 50 yeare for euer whiles the world dooth last Moreouer he hath giuen to those of his companie foure pounds fréelie not for a time but perpetuallie and thus doth his bountifulnesse manie waies appeare To the parish of S. Giles without Criplegate he hath giuen fiftéene pounds to the bels and chime hauing meant as it seemeth if they had taken time to be more liberall in that behalfe The said bels chime were in his life also after his deth kept in good order according to his will but afterwards vpon occasion some of line 60 them newlie cast became ill of sound out of tune a fault in some which would be amended The poore of the parish aforesaid by their reliefe in his life time secretlie ministred haue iust cause to lament the
mortis habet On the seuenth of Februarie were arreigned at Westminster Iames Fenne George Haddocks Iohn Munden Iohn Nutter and Thomas Homerford all fiue were found guiltie of high treason and had iudgement to be drawne hanged bowelled and quartered and were executed at Tiborne on the twelfe daie of Februarie ¶ In this yeare 1584 euen at the prime of the yeare namelie in Aprill maister Walter Raleigh esquier a gentleman from line 20 his infancie brought vp and trained in martiall discipline both by land and sea and well inclined to all vertuous and honorable aduentures hauing built a ship and a pinesse set them to the sea furnished with all prouisions necessarie for a long viage and committed the charge of them to two gentlemen his owne seruants the one called Philip Amadis the other Arthur Barlow with direction to discouer that land which lieth betwéene Norembega and Florida in the west Indies who according to their line 30 commission made as sufficient a discouerie thereof as so short a time would permit for they returned in August next following and brought with them two sauage men of that countrie with sundrie other things that did assure their maister of the goodnesse of the soile and of great commodities that would arise to the realme of England by traffique if that the English had anie habitation and were planted to liue there Wherevpon he immediatlie prepared for a second viage which with all expedition nothing line 40 at all regarding the charges that it would amount vnto did presentlie set in hand This countrie of Norembega aforesaid and the land on this side of it sir Humfrie Gilbert brother to sir Walter Raleigh a man both valiant and well experienced in martiall affaires did attempt to discouer with intention to settle an English colonie there in the yeare 1578 hauing in his companie his two brethren Walter and Carew Raleighs Henrie Knolles George Carew William Careie line 50 Edward Dennie Henrie Nowell Miles Morgan Francis Knolles Henrie North and diuerse other gentlemen of good calling and ten sailes of all sorts of shipping well and sufficientlie furnished for such an enterprise weighed anchor in the west countrie set to the sea But God not fauoring his attempt the iourneie tooke no good successe for all his ships inforced by some occasion or mischance made their present returne againe that onelie excepted wherein his brother Walter Raleigh was capteine who being desirous to doo somewhat woorthie honor tooke line 60 his course for the west Indies but for want of vittels and other necessaries needfull in so long a viage when he had sailed as far as the Ilands of Cape De Uerde vpon the coast of Africa was inforced to set saile and returne for England In this his viage he passed manie dangerous aduentures as well by tempests as fights on the sea but lastlie he arriued safelie at Plimouth in the west countrie in Maie next following Sir Humfreie Gilbert notwithstanding this vnfortunate successe of his first attempt enterprised the said viage the second time and set to the sea with thrée ships and pinesses in the yeare 1584 in the which iourneie he lost his life but in what sort no man can witnesse For being by force of foule weather separated from his companie he was neuer heard of afterwards ¶ In this yeare and the twentith daie of Maie departed out of this life that famous father of physicke and surgerie the English Hippocrates and Galen I meane doctor Caldwell and was buried on the sixt of Iune immediatlie following at S. Benets church by Paules wharfe at the vpper end of the chancell his bodie was verie solemnelie accompanied to the church with a traine of learned and graue doctors besides others of that facultie the heralds of armes dooing him such honour at his funerall as to him of dutie apperteined Of this mans rare loue to his countrie hath béene spoken before where mention is made of the institution of a surgerie lecture perpetuallie to be continued for the common benefit of London and consequentlie of all England the like whereof is not established nor vsed in anie vniuersitie of christendome Bononie and Padua excepted and therefore the more to be esteemed Indéed the like institution was in towardnesse whiles Francis the French of that name the first liued but when he died as the court that he kept in his time was counted a vniuersitie but after his deth made an exchange thereof with another name so likewise discontinued or rather vtterlie brake off that purposed institution of a surgerie lecture at Paris so that in this point London hath a prerogatiue excelling the vniuersities This D. Caldwell in his last will and testament gaue manie great legacies to a great number of his poorest kinsfolkes as also vnto others nothing alied vnto him He gaue in his life time two hundred pounds to be lent gratis foreuer to the Clothiers in Burton whereby clothing might be mainteined the poore artificers set on worke and the poore citizens in Lichfield also benefited the corporation of the said towne being bound for the receiuing and deliuering thereof euerie fiue yeares to the yoongest and poorest occupiers He gaue great summes of monie to the poore towneships in Staffordshire where he was borne both towards the reléeuing of their priuat estate as also to the reparing of their bridges and amending of their high waies for the commoditie of all the countrie He left large sums of monie to be emploied by his executors at their discretion where charitie moued as also to the publishing of such learned bookes of physicke and surgerie with sundrie chargeable formes grauen in copper and finished in his life as he meant if he had liued to sée extant Diuerse good works in his daies he had doone and hath left order to be doone after his death which was verie mild and still not vnlike the deceasse of a babe in the cradle hauing béene assailed with no extremitie of sicknesse his ordinarie infirmitie excepted which was intermissiue that either might wring him or wearie him to make him vnpatient So that he died as sléeping hauing left behind him both credit of lerning cunning other good ornaments the very beautie of his age which was exactlie found by true computation to be threescore and fouretéene in which yeare he died as may be gathered by his counterfet so naturallie conueied into colours with his white beard the hollownesse of his cheekes the wrinkels of his browes the liuelie sight of his eies and other accessaries and all within a module the circumference whereof excéedeth not six inches if it amount to so much in exact measure as a man beholding the said representation would swer◠that it were not possible for art to draw more néere in imitation to nature So that this doctor dieng in so ripe an age was committed to holie ground where he rested in peace his cote
testudo relinquit Sic immundiciem linquit vbique suam Monstrum tale vorax absorbeat ergo barathrum Atque Deo poenas tempus in omne luat When this Gregorie was deceased shortlie after least the ouerlong vacancie of the sacred and apostolike sée should preiudice the Romish prelasie and cleargie the succession came to Sixtus Quintus who according to the disposition of his predecessors indeuoring line 10 to mainteine the title of his supremasie and to beare rule ouer mens consciences as though peremptorie authoritie had by priuilege passed vnto the bishops of that sée to controll and giue the checke to all christendome one iot or minute whereof the beast now residing at Rome not meaning to relinguish but rather to fortifie and aduance vndertooke to intermedle with princes of renowme as proffering to bring them within the compasse of his iurisdiction insomuch that falling to the extreame point of his antichristian power he let flie but as paper-shot line 20 his excommunications thinking that if anie thing were able to daunt and appall the courages of mightie men this were the waie But herein Sixtus Quintus was foolified for proofe whereof behold an answer to the excommunication latelie denounced and published by the said Sixtus Quintus pope of Rome so called against two christian princes vndermined and sent to Rome as followeth The answer of Henrie king of Nauarre and Henrie prince of Conde to the excommunication of Sixtus Quintus now pope c. HEnrie by the grace of God king of Nauarre prince of Bearne chiefe péere and prince of France opposeth himselfe against the excommunication of Sixtus line 40 Quintus terming hmselfe pope of Rome auouching the same to be false and appealeth to the court of péeres of France of whome he hath the reputation to be the first in degrée And as concerning the crime of heresie whereof he is falslie accused by the said excommunication he auoweth and affirmeth that my lord the pope sauing his holinesse and reuerence hath therein most falselie and wickedlie lied and that the pope himselfe is an heretike which he offereth to prooue publikelie in a generall or common councell lawfullie assembled Where if he shall refuse line 50 to appeare and submit himselfe as by his owne canons and decrées he is speciallie bound the said king dooth and will hold and repute him a verie antichrist and in that qualitie of antichrist denounceth perpetuall warre against him protesting in the meane time the popes wicked sentence to be vnlawfull and insufficient and to prosecute against him and his successors for reparation of honor reuenge of the iniurie thereby offered to him and all the princes of his bloud as the lewdnesse of the act and the present line 60 necessitie doo require For if in times past the princes and kings his progenitors haue béene able to chastise the insolencie and arrogancie of such companions as the pope is when they forgaâ—â—heir duties and excéeded the limits of their vocaâ—ion and place confounding and intermixing their spirituall iurisdiction with the temporall the said king of Nauarre being in state nothing inferior to them dooth hope that God will giue him the grace to reuenge the wrong and iniurie hereby doone to his souereigne his familie and bloud and to the supreame courts and seats of iustice and parlement in France vpon the said pope and his successors and to that end and purpose he imploreth the aid succour and assistance of all true christian kings princes â— common-weales whome this case dooth concerne together with the alies and confederats of the crowne of France against the tyrannie and vsurpation of the said pope and of the associated conspirators against the state of their souereigne enimies to God France and the common peace and quiet of christendome The like protestation is also made by Henrie of Burbon prince of Conde vnto whome the excommunication likewise reacheth ¶ Fixed and set vp vpon the Pasquile at Rome to the view of all men ¶ Thus farre of two popes who though they be but prophane priests méere foreners to England both by birth and beleefe yet sith they haue beene ouerbold to busie themselues with the affaires not onelie of other christian princes but also with the state of our nation wherinto they haue had too far an insight by the aid of certeine vnnaturall and degenerat people manie of them being fugitiues and carieng about them euen in their bosome a conscience bespotted with sinnes of excéeding horror and heinousnesse in consideration hereof as also of other practises tending to an vniuersall desolation of truth and louers of truth as also to the dissolution of ciuill policie and destruction of our most gratious souereigne ladie quéene Elisabeth the lords annointed and lieutenant principall within hir owne dominions what faithfull subiect can but note them howbeit none otherwise than the repors of them haue passed vnder manie eies and through manie hands printed euen in forren speach before the same were published in English At which popes meaning now to make a stop we will come againe to matters of our owne ¶ In this yeare 1585 euen in Aprill at the pleasant prime sir Walter Raleigh knight being incouraged by the reports of his men of the goodnesse of the soile and the fertilitie of the countrie which they had discouered this yeare last past and now by hir maiestie called Uirginia with knightlie courage counteruaileable to his double desire of honour by vndertaking hard aduenturs furnished to his great charges eight sailes of all sortes and immediatlie set them to the sea ordeining sir Richard Gréenfield his kinsman a gentleman of verie good estimation both for his parentage and sundrie good vertues who for loue he bare vnto sir Walter Raleigh togither with a disposition that he had to attempt honorable actions worthie of honour was willing to hazard himselfe in this voiage his lieutenant inioining him either to tarrie himselfe or to leaue some gentleman of good worth with a competent number of soldiers in the countrie of Uirginia to begin an English colonie there Who with the ships aforesaid hauing in his companie sir Iohn Arundell Thomas Candish Rafe Lane Edward Gorges Iohn Stuklie Edward Stafford Philip Amadis Arthur Barlow Thomas Heriot and diuerse other gentlemen with a competent number of souldiers departed from London in Aprill aforesaid But after they had sailed certeine numbers of leagues at the sea by force and violence of fowle weather they were separated one from another so that sir Richard Gréenefield being singled from his fléet all alone arriued in the Iland of Hispaniola in the west Indies about the middest of Iune following where he determined resolutelie to remaine vntill he had built a bote for he had lost his owne bote in the tempests aforesaid Wherevpon immediatlie after his landing finding a place to his liking he esconsed himselfe in despite of the Spaniards who by all possible means did there best
land Howbeit the said lords by means of other accidents line 20 of importance staid at the court and went not that iourneie Neuerthelesse the lord Cobham lord warden of the cinque ports one of hir maiesties priuie councell repairing thither accompanied with diuerse knights and gentlemen of great worship did take the view both of the worke finished and also conferred about the businesse then in hand Now for so much as that which is alreadie doone is a perfect and an absolute worke to the perpetuall maintenance of a hauen in that place being such a monument as is hardlie to be found written in anie record it might line 30 séeme absurd that no mention thereof should be made in this chronicle and that the cost and businesse thereabouts imploied hath not beene vnnecessarie maie appeare by the reasons insuing First Douer hath béene euer reputed the keie and locke as Matthaeus Parisiensis reporteth or as rather he should haue said the verie doore and entrance into the realme of England either for fréend or so and also the readie passage vnto all nations but especiallie into France from whense it is not distant about thirtie line 40 English miles and is commonlie passed in fiue or six houres at the most and in a prosperous wind within halfe the time Secondlie it standeth in the most conuenient place of all this land to offend the enimie and to defend either domesticall or forren fréend Thirdlie a meane harbor would be there in the opinion of all skilfull mariners more beneficiall commodious for the nauigation of England than an excellent hauen placed anie where else about the coast thereof Fourthlie all our passengers through the narow seas being line 50 distressed by violence of weather or by inconuenience of pirasie or else by force of the common enimie in the time of warre might there haue present succor and refuge and both spéedie and easie passage thereinto or otherwise be best rescued Fiftlie of late yeares the considerations aforesaid haue mooued some noble princes of this land to bestow infinit tresure to gaine a harborough or hauen in that place to their great honor fame and commendation to the woonderfull contentment of all their subiects and for the good and benefit line 60 of all the neighbors adioining and strangers passing these narrow seas Finallie it hath pleased our most noble queene Elisabeth to vndertake it who in all good actions and necessarie works for the benefit of the realme commonwealth of England hath béene so liberall carefull and prouident as thereby hir glorie and renowme is spread ouer all the face of the earth and reacheth vnto heauen where the king of kings sitteth and heareth the praises and praiers not onelie of hir owne people but of all christians liuing in hir behalfe for whose good it séemeth she was brought foorth and preserued in this world And now I saie for so much as hir highnesse hath at this present time taken order for the building of a new hauen in this place and bountifullie imploied great 〈◊〉 of monie vpon the same being begun with more probabilitie iudgement and circumspection and accompanied with better successe than euer anie of hir highnesse predecessors haue heretofore had in this case wherin the most difficult and dangerous worke is alreadie accomplished so as there is now and euer hereafter will be a verie good hauen except extrâ—me negligence be vsed in mainteining the same I thought it a most necessarie maâ—ter to be here recorded â—o hir maiesties perpetuall â—ame and partlie also to giue light and incouragment to hir successors in the crowne of England to attempt and vndertake and the better to execute and accomplish the like famous enterprise For actions of far lesse importance are made memorable by historiographers as in euerie chronicle maie appeare In this discourse I thought méet to passe ouer the antiquitie of the towne and port of Douer with the liberties thereof which togither with the ruines and misfortunes of fire are to be found extant in the perambulation of Kent written by William Lambard esquier Of Douer castell somewhat might here be said but for so much as maister Lambard hath so largelie discoursed therevpon in his booke which is likelie to remaine of continuance I will make bold with the reader to referre him there vnto and onelie giue this note to wit that wheras he iustlie complaineth of the miserable ruines thereof it hath pleased hir maiestie in respect of the necessarie maintenance of the same to bestow more charge of late in reparing and reedifieng of it than hath béene spent thereabouts as it seemeth since the first building thereof whether the same were doone by Iulius Cesar the Romane emperor or by Aruâ—ragus then king of the Britains king Edward the fourth onelie excepted who as Iohn Rosse reporteth did throughlie repare it bestowing thereon 10000 pounds insomuch as it is now reduced to be a peece of great force and importance and verie beautifull to behold Wherein the honorable disposition of the lord Burghleie lord high treasuror of England is to be commended who was a principall furtherer thereof and whose forwardnesse in all militarie affaires is had in admiration among all the best souldiors of England although he himselfe an aged and a most graue councellor And in these commendations if I should omit the praises of the honorable lord Cobham lord warden of the cinque ports and constable of the castell of Douer c I should doo him great wrong For by his prouidence and mediation togither with the diligent trauell and industrie of Richard Barrie esquier lieutenant of the said castell that worke is accomplished to the comfort and benefit of the whole realme Within the wals whereof is now also raised such a mount at the north side thereof as thereby the castell is double so strong as before But omitting all other occasions and matters concerning Douer I will now passe to my purpose But yet before I enter into these last works I must giue you to vnderstand that the verie situation of the place ministreth incouragement to the executioners and yeeldeth great fauor and occasion to the attempt For Douer cliffes stand to the sea north and east the towne being placed at the foot of the northerne cliffes the castle on the top of the easterne cliffes called the Castell Raie so as there is a naturall baie through the which from by north issueth a proper riuer entring into the same baie thense runneth through the hauen into the sea In times past vntill of late yeares that onelie â—aie hath serued them for a rode and at manie times in some sort hath stood the nauie but especiallie the fisher botes in good sted For in a great northerlie and westerlie wind the ships were driuen from the Downs and the foreland to repaire thither where they might lie safelie vntill the wind blew great from by east or south then were they