sit_v commissioner_n by_o this_o statute_n for_o they_o have_v these_o land_n in_o eorum_fw-la usu_fw-la during_o the_o time_n they_o continue_v in_o their_o place_n which_o in_o intendment_n of_o law_n be_v for_o their_o life_n but_o yet_o by_o the_o intendment_n of_o law_n they_o be_v not_o to_o sit_v in_o the_o execution_n of_o any_o humane_a affair_n and_o therefore_o see_v their_o person_n be_v out_o of_o the_o intendment_n of_o this_o law_n so_o likewise_o shall_v their_o church_n living_n be_v but_o this_o be_v but_o a_o conceit_n for_o although_o they_o be_v not_o person_n have_v these_o land_n within_o the_o statute_n of_o 32_o h._n 8._o of_o will_n which_o be_v a_o have_v to_o dispose_v yet_o they_o may_v be_v within_o our_o statute_n which_o be_v a_o have_v to_o retain_v if_o a_o executor_n have_v a_o villain_n for_o year_n which_o purchase_v land_n of_o forty_o mark_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la he_o may_v sit_v in_o the_o execution_n of_o this_o commission_n for_o till_o his_o lord_n enter_v he_o have_v they_o to_o his_o own_o use_n but_o if_o the_o executor_n enter_v than_o neither_o the_o villain_n nor_o executor_n can_v sit_v a_o commissioner_n by_o this_o law_n if_o a_o alien_a purchase_n land_n of_o sufficient_a value_n in_o fee_n he_o in_o respect_n of_o his_o person_n be_v a_o disable_v person_n to_o sit_v neither_o be_v he_o a_o person_n have_v land_n because_o he_o be_v not_o seize_v thereof_o to_o his_o own_o use_n but_o to_o the_o use_n of_o the_o king_n but_o if_o he_o be_v make_v a_o denizen_n then_o in_o his_o person_n he_o be_v make_v capable_a the_o warden_n of_o the_o fleet_n who_o have_v land_n belong_v to_o his_o office_n may_v in_o respect_n thereof_o sit_v a_o commissioner_n by_o this_o law_n but_o shall_v a_o termor_n or_o lessee_n for_o year_n of_o land_n of_o good_a value_n be_v thrust_v out_o of_o commission_n and_o be_v count_v neither_o a_o sufficient_a land_a man_n nor_o his_o term_n and_o lease_n to_o be_v accept_v movable_a substance_n and_o not_o only_o so_o but_o that_o his_o farm_n shall_v be_v a_o further_a disablement_n unto_o he_o as_o the_o statute_n of_o 13_o el._n cap._n 9_o seem_v to_o purport_n the_o word_n of_o which_o statute_n be_v that_o no_o farmer_n or_o farmer_n for_o term_n of_o year_n of_o any_o manner_n land_n or_o tenement_n lie_v or_o be_v within_o the_o precinct_n or_o limit_n of_o any_o such_o commission_n of_o sewer_n which_o be_v or_o which_o hereafter_o may_v be_v order_v and_o chargeable_a by_o any_o law_n ordinance_n and_o construction_n make_v or_o to_o be_v make_v by_o virtue_n of_o any_o such_o commission_n wherein_o he_o or_o they_o shall_v be_v name_v or_o appoint_v commissioner_n or_o commissioner_n not_o have_v estate_n in_o freehold_n within_o the_o realm_n of_o or_o in_o manor_n land_n or_o tenement_n of_o the_o yearly_a value_n of_o forty_o pound_n shall_v any_o time_n hereafter_o have_v power_n to_o sit_v or_o in_o any_o wise_a intermeddle_v with_o the_o execution_n of_o such_o commission_n or_o commission_n during_o the_o time_n he_o or_o they_o shall_v continue_v or_o be_v such_o farmer_n or_o farmer_n of_o any_o such_o manner_n land_n and_o tenement_n and_o shall_v not_o have_v estate_n of_o freehold_a as_o aforesaid_a but_o that_o every_o such_o commission_n have_v respect_n only_o to_o every_o such_o person_n or_o person_n for_o such_o and_o so_o long_a time_n as_o he_o or_o they_o shall_v be_v or_o continue_v farmer_n or_o farmer_n of_o any_o such_o manor_n land_n or_o tenement_n shall_v be_v deny_v and_o judge_v in_o law_n as_o void_a but_o yet_o in_o the_o close_n up_o of_o that_o statute_n of_o 13_o el._n there_o be_v a_o proviso_n to_o this_o effect_n provide_v always_o that_o it_o shall_v be_v lawful_a for_o any_o commissioner_n be_v also_o a_o farmer_n and_o not_o have_v land_n or_o tenement_n to_o the_o clear_a yearly_a value_n of_o forty_o pound_n of_o freehold_n to_o sit_v by_o virtue_n of_o the_o say_a commission_n and_o have_v his_o voice_n and_o full_a authority_n with_o other_o to_o make_v and_o establish_v ordinance_n for_o sewer_n according_a to_o the_o tenure_n of_o the_o commission_n touch_v and_o concern_v all_o land_n and_o tenement_n within_o the_o precinct_n of_o every_o such_o commission_n other_o than_o such_o land_n and_o tenement_n as_o he_o or_o they_o for_o the_o time_n hold_v and_o enjoy_v as_o farmer_n as_o he_o or_o they_o may_v have_v do_v before_o the_o make_n of_o that_o statute_n but_o he_o can_v not_o have_v sit_v in_o execution_n of_o this_o commission_n before_o the_o make_n of_o this_o statute_n unless_o he_o have_v beside_o his_o lease_n land_n to_o the_o value_n of_o forty_o mark_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la and_o therefore_o a_o lease_n for_o year_n be_v no_o inablement_n at_o all_o but_o a_o disablement_n as_o this_o statute_n declare_v but_o the_o time_n when_o this_o have_v of_o land_n etc._n etc._n will_v suffice_v to_o qualify_v a_o commissioner_n to_o sit_v within_o this_o law_n be_v now_o to_o be_v consider_v of_o wherein_o i_o be_o opinion_n that_o the_o when_o have_v must_v be_v refer_v to_o the_o then_o sit_v for_o the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n be_v that_o none_o take_v upon_o he_o to_o sit_v not_o have_v land_n to_o the_o yearly_a value_n of_o forty_o mark_n so_o that_o if_o he_o have_v not_o land_n of_o that_o value_n when_o he_o be_v first_o make_v a_o commissioner_n yet_o if_o he_o have_v so_o much_o when_o he_o sit_v upon_o the_o commission_n it_o will_v satisfy_v this_o law_n and_o if_o once_o he_o have_v land_n of_o that_o value_n and_o sit_v and_o after_o sell_v the_o land_n away_o or_o if_o they_o be_v evict_v from_o he_o he_o be_v then_o disable_v to_o sit_v as_o a_o commissioner_n by_o this_o statute_n and_o so_o if_o he_o be_v but_o tenant_n for_o the_o life_n of_o i._o s._n and_o i._n s._n die_v he_o ought_v not_o to_o sit_v in_o 12_o h._n 7._o 7._o a_o juror_n which_o be_v to_o pass_v upon_o trial_n of_o land_n be_v to_o have_v forty_o shilling_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la of_o freehold_n and_o 7._o 12_o h._n 7._o 7._o after_o he_o be_v impanel_v and_o before_o he_o be_v swear_v he_o sell_v away_o his_o land_n and_o when_o he_o come_v to_o be_v swear_v he_o be_v challenge_v for_o want_v of_o freehold_n but_o the_o challenge_n be_v disalow_v for_o after_o he_o be_v impanel_v his_o land_n though_o after_o sell_v away_o be_v chargeable_a with_o the_o issue_n which_o he_o after_o may_v lose_v in_o that_o matter_n and_o with_o this_o agree_v 14_o h._n 7._o 2._o by_o frowick_n but_o our_o statute_n be_v more_o precise_o pen_v which_o be_v that_o none_o do_v presume_v to_o sit_v unless_o he_o have_v land_n of_o that_o value_n or_o be_v etc._n etc._n therefore_o when_o he_o sit_v he_o must_v have_v the_o land_n and_o if_o a._n do_v bargain_n and_o sell_v his_o land_n to_o b._n by_o deed_n intend_v of_o that_o value_n and_o before_o the_o inrolment_n of_o the_o deed_n b._n do_v sit_v as_o commissioner_n and_o after_o the_o deed_n be_v enrol_v yet_o this_o do_v not_o qualify_v his_o offence_n and_o the_o relation_n of_o the_o work_n of_o this_o deed_n do_v not_o assist_v he_o to_o take_v off_o the_o penalty_n of_o this_o law_n also_o a_o man_n disseise_v be_v during_o the_o disseisin_n disable_v to_o sit_v for_o he_o have_v not_o then_o power_n to_o devise_v the_o land_n by_o the_o statute_n of_o 32_o h._n 8._o of_o will_n for_o that_o statute_n do_v as_o we_o do_v use_v the_o word_n have_v in_o presenti_fw-la and_o not_o in_o futuro_fw-la and_o thus_o much_o i_o think_v convenient_a upon_o this_o occasion_n to_o deliver_v my_o opinion_n when_o the_o commissioner_n must_v have_v his_o land_n of_o forty_o mark_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la to_o enable_v he_o to_o sit_v as_o a_o commissioner_n within_o this_o statute_n to_o treat_v of_o the_o utter_a barister_fw-mi i_o need_v not_o for_o when_o he_o have_v take_v the_o oath_n mention_v in_o the_o statute_n he_o be_v a_o absolute_a and_o complete_a commissioner_n within_o this_o law_n to_o all_o purpose_n although_o he_o have_v neither_o land_n or_o good_n according_a as_o the_o statute_n appoint_v other_o to_o have_v the_o second_o question_n the_o second_o question_n in_o my_o case_n touch_v this_o statute_n be_v whether_o the_o countess_n of_o warwick_n be_v a_o compatible_a commissioner_n within_o this_o statute_n although_o it_o be_v uncouth_a in_o our_o law_n to_o have_v woman_n justice_n and_o commissioner_n and_o to_o sit_v in_o place_n of_o judicature_n yet_o by_o the_o authority_n ensue_v you_o shall_v find_v this_o a_o point_n worth_n insist_v upon_o both_o in_o humane_a and_o in_o divine_a learning_n for_o in_o genesis_n chapter_n the_o first_o after_o the_o creation_n 1._o
bring_v against_o some_o of_o their_o officer_n and_o minister_n for_o execute_v their_o decree_n and_o warrant_n their_o lordship_n find_v in_o their_o wisdom_n that_o it_o can_v neither_o stand_v with_o law_n nor_o with_o common_a sense_n or_o reason_n that_o in_o a_o cause_n of_o so_o great_a consequent_a the_o law_n can_v be_v so_o void_a of_o providence_n as_o to_o restrain_v the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n from_o make_v new_a work_n to_o restrain_v the_o fury_n of_o the_o water_n aswell_o as_o to_o repair_v the_o old_a where_o necessity_n do_v require_v it_o for_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o country_n or_o to_o cause_v a_o charge_n upon_o the_o town_n or_o hundred_o in_o general_a that_o be_v interest_v in_o the_o benefit_n or_o loss_n without_o attend_v particular_a survey_n or_o admeasurement_n of_o acre_n when_o the_o service_n be_v to_o have_v speedy_a and_o sudden_a execution_n or_o that_o a_o commission_n of_o so_o high_a a_o nature_n and_o of_o so_o great_a use_n to_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o evident_a necessity_n and_o of_o so_o ancient_a jurisdiction_n both_o before_o the_o statute_n and_o since_o shall_v want_v mean_n of_o coercion_n for_o obedience_n to_o their_o order_n warrant_n and_o decree_n when_o as_o the_o performance_n of_o they_o the_o preservation_n of_o many_o thousand_o of_o his_o majesty_n subject_n live_v good_n and_o land_n do_v depend_v it_o plain_o appear_v that_o it_o will_v be_v a_o direct_a frustrate_v and_o overthrow_n of_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o say_a commission_n of_o sewer_n if_o the_o commissioner_n their_o officer_n and_o minister_n shall_v be_v subject_a to_o every_o suit_n at_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o delinquent_n in_o his_o majesty_n court_n of_o the_o common_a law_n and_o so_o to_o weary_a and_o discourage_v all_o man_n from_o do_v their_o duty_n in_o that_o behalf_n for_o the_o reason_n aforesaid_a and_o for_o the_o supreme_a reason_n above_o all_o reason_n which_o be_v the_o salvation_n of_o the_o king_n land_n and_o people_n their_o lordship_n do_v order_n that_o the_o person_n former_o commit_v by_o this_o board_n for_o their_o contempt_n concern_v this_o cause_n shall_v stand_v commit_v until_o they_o release_v or_o sufficient_o discharge_v such_o action_n suit_n and_o demand_n as_o they_o have_v bring_v at_o the_o common_a law_n against_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n or_o any_o the_o minister_n or_o officer_n of_o the_o say_a commission_n save_v unto_o they_o nevertheless_o any_o complaint_n or_o suit_n for_o any_o oppression_n or_o grievance_n before_o the_o court_n of_o sewer_n or_o this_o table_n if_o they_o receive_v not_o justice_n at_o the_o commissioner_n hand_n and_o their_o lordship_n further_a order_n that_o letter_n from_o the_o table_n shall_v be_v write_v to_o the_o commissioner_n of_o decree_n of_o like_a nature_n when_o it_o shall_v be_v find_v needful_a require_v encourage_v and_o warrant_v they_o to_o proceed_v in_o the_o execution_n of_o their_o several_a commission_n according_a unto_o former_a practice_n and_o usuage_v any_o late_a disturbance_n opposition_n or_o conceit_n of_o law_n whereupon_o the_o say_a disturbance_n have_v be_v ground_v notwithstanding_o with_o admonition_n nevertheless_o that_o care_n be_v take_v that_o there_o be_v no_o just_a cause_n of_o complaint_n give_v by_o any_o abuse_n of_o the_o say_a commission_n examinat_fw-la '_o per_fw-la edmund_n cleric_n '_o consilii_fw-la present_v at_o this_o order_n make_v be_v 1._o the_o king_n majesty_n in_o person_n 2._o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n 3._o l._n chancellor_n elsmeare_v 4._o l._n treasure_n earl_n of_o suffolk_n 5._o l._n steward_n d._n de_fw-fr lenox_n 6._o l._n admiral_n howard_n earl_n of_o nottingham_n 7._o l._n chamberlain_n earl_n of_o pembroke_n 8._o e._n of_o arundel_n howard_n 9_o viscount_n wallingford_n 10._o viscount_n fenton_n 11._o andrews_n bishop_n of_o ely_n 12._o lord_n wotton_n 13._o lord_n cary._n 14._o secretary_n winwood_n 15._o secretary_n lake_n 16._o sir_n foulk_n grevil_n chancellor_n of_o the_o exchequer_n 17._o master_n of_o the_o roll_n cesar_n 18._o sir_n francis_n bacon_n attorney-general_n all_o of_o they_o of_o the_o privy-councel_n this_o order_n be_v in_o some_o point_v legal_a and_o may_v stand_v for_o a_o direction_n in_o matter_n of_o law_n and_o the_o other_o part_n thereof_o may_v stand_v for_o a_o precedent_n of_o state_n and_o it_o thereby_o plain_o appear_v that_o the_o king_n learned_a counsel_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o say_v new_a work_n may_v be_v order_v and_o decree_v to_o be_v do_v by_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n and_o that_o the_o same_o have_v warrant_n from_o former_a precedent_n but_o the_o last_o allegation_n on_o the_o contrary_a party_n be_v very_o forcible_a against_o this_o argument_n that_o by_o the_o make_n and_o erect_v of_o these_o new_a defence_n the_o inheritance_n of_o private_a person_n be_v thereby_o prejudice_v whereon_o they_o be_v build_v yet_o as_o cato_n say_v vix_fw-la ulla_fw-la lex_fw-la fieri_fw-la potest_fw-la quae_fw-la omnibus_fw-la utilis_fw-la sit_fw-la sed_fw-la si_fw-la majori_fw-la cato_n cato_n parti_fw-la proficiat_fw-la sufficit_fw-la and_o therefore_o this_o objection_n i_o thus_o answer_v that_o these_o new_a work_n be_v not_o to_o be_v undertake_v but_o upon_o urgent_a necessity_n in_o defence_n of_o the_o country_n or_o for_o the_o safety_n thereof_o so_o that_o the_o commonwealth_n be_v therein_o deep_o interest_v and_o engage_v and_o thing_n which_o concern_v the_o commonweal_n be_v of_o great_a account_n in_o the_o law_n than_o the_o interest_n of_o private_a person_n and_o so_o it_o be_v 13_o h._n 8._o fol._n 16._o that_o the_o commonwealth_n 8._o 13._o h._n 8._o shall_v be_v prefer_v before_o the_o private_a estate_n and_o for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n a_o private_a person_n shall_v receive_v damage_n if_o otherwise_o it_o can_v be_v eschew_v as_o a_o private_a man_n house_n shall_v be_v pull_v down_o if_o the_o next_o house_n thereto_o be_v on_o fire_n to_o save_v the_o town_n and_o the_o suburb_n of_o a_o city_n may_v be_v pull_v down_o in_o time_n of_o war_n to_o save_v the_o city_n and_o bulwark_n may_v be_v raise_v on_o private_a man_n ground_n for_o defence_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o what_o great_a enemy_n can_v there_o be_v then_o the_o sea_n who_o threaten_v with_o his_o merciless_a wave_n to_o swallow_v up_o all_o before_o it_o but_o that_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o almighty_a have_v tie_v 27._o pro_fw-la ch_n 8._o ver_fw-la 27._o and_o bind_v he_o in_o the_o fetter_n of_o his_o eternal_a decree_n and_o give_v policy_n and_o mean_n to_o man_n to_o keep_v he_o from_o invade_v the_o land_n by_o artificial_a work_n proper_a for_o such_o service_n therefore_o in_o my_o opinion_n by_o the_o very_a true_a intent_n and_o meaning_n of_o the_o say_a statute_n and_o by_o a_o just_a equal_a and_o reasonable_a construction_n it_o shall_v lie_v in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n upon_o just_a and_o urgent_a occasion_n and_o consideration_n to_o make_v order_n and_o decree_n for_o erect_v and_o make_v of_o new_a bank_n new_a wall_n goat_n stream_n sluice_n and_o other_o necessary_a defence_n against_o the_o overflow_a of_o the_o sea_n for_o ubi_fw-la nova_fw-la fit_a maris_fw-la incursio_fw-la ibi_fw-la novum_fw-la est_fw-la apponendum_fw-la remedium_fw-la with_o this_o caution_n that_o under_o the_o pretence_n of_o the_o commonweal_n a_o private_a man_n welfare_n be_v not_o intend_v to_o the_o charge_n trouble_n and_o burden_n of_o the_o country_n and_o with_o this_o also_o that_o where_o any_o man_n particular_a interest_n and_o inheritance_n be_v prejudice_v for_o the_o commonwealth_n cause_n by_o any_o such_o new_a erect_a work_n that_o that_o part_n of_o the_o country_n be_v order_v to_o recompense_v the_o same_o which_o have_v good_a thereby_o according_a as_o be_v wise_o and_o discreet_o order_v by_o two_o several_a statute_n the_o one_o make_v in_o anno_fw-la 27_o eliz._n cap._n 22._o 22._o 27_o el._n c._n 22._o rastal_n havens_n and_o rivers_n be_v where_o the_o commissioner_n have_v power_n to_o compound_v and_o agree_v with_o the_o lord_n and_o owner_n of_o the_o ground_n through_o which_o the_o new_a cut_n be_v to_o be_v make_v and_o the_o other_o 3_o jac._n reg._n cap._n for_o bring_v the_o new_a stream_n jac._n 3_o jac._n to_o london_n and_o although_o these_o statute_n hold_v not_o in_o the_o general_a case_n of_o sewer_n but_o be_v apply_v to_o the_o say_v particular_a matter_n therein_o express_v yet_o they_o may_v serve_v as_o good_a rule_n to_o direct_v our_o commissioner_n to_o imitate_v upon_o like_a occasion_n happen_v the_o second_o point_n upon_o this_o statute_n it_o appear_v by_o my_o case_n that_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n do_v decree_v a_o new_a bank_n to_o be_v raise_v and_o a_o new_a river_n to_o be_v cast_v and_o a_o old_a sewer_n to_o be_v repair_v upon_o their_o view_n survey_v
and_o discretion_n the_o word_n of_o this_o commission_n upon_o which_o i_o frame_v this_o part_n of_o the_o case_n be_v these_o videlicet_fw-la we_o have_v assign_v you_o theophilus_n earl_n of_o lincoln_n robert_z lord_z willoughby_z of_o earsbie_n sir_n george_n manner_n knight_n sir_n philip_z tyrwhit_o and_o sir_n john_n wray_n knight_n and_o baronet_n sir_n william_n pelham_n sir_n john_n read_v sir_n edward_n ascough_n sir_n hamond_n knight_n anthony_n erby_n esq_n quor_n '_o the_o say_a earl_n lord_n and_o sir_n george_n manner_n we_o will_v to_o be_v three_o to_o survey_v the_o wall_n bank_n drain_v sewer_n etc._n etc._n and_o the_o same_o to_o cause_n to_o be_v repair_v amend_v or_o put_v down_o as_o cause_n shall_v require_v after_o your_o wisdom_n and_o discretion_n and_o to_o do_v after_o our_o statute_n as_o also_o to_o inquire_v by_o the_o oath_n of_o lawful_a and_o honest_a man_n of_o those_o place_n where_o such_o default_n be_v by_o the_o tenor_n of_o which_o word_n i_o conceive_v that_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n have_v power_n by_o their_o commission_n to_o proceed_v three_o manner_n of_o way_n viz._n first_o by_o survey_n 2._o by_o jury_n 3._o by_o discretion_n wherein_o it_o behove_v commissioner_n of_o sewer_n to_o know_v perfect_o how_o to_o use_v and_o dispose_v of_o their_o power_n with_o due_a understanding_n of_o these_o part_n of_o this_o commission_n and_o law_n and_o the_o better_a to_o prepare_v they_o herein_o i_o shall_v take_v some_o pain_n to_o declare_v unto_o they_o what_o they_o may_v do_v by_o survey_n without_o a_o jury_n and_o what_o by_o jury_n and_o what_o by_o their_o discretion_n without_o both_o survey_n and_o jury_n view_n and_o survey_n view_n be_v the_o primary_n part_n of_o survey_n and_o survey_n be_v much_o but_o not_o altogether_o direct_v by_o view_n it_o be_v true_a that_o view_n be_v of_o great_a use_n in_o the_o common_a law_n and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v do_v and_o perform_v in_o person_n and_o such_o view_n be_v take_v in_o trial_n of_o assize_n yet_o by_o the_o 36_o hen._n 8._o in_o dyer_n fol._n 61._o case_n peningtons_n case_n a_o very_a personal_a view_n need_v not_o in_o a_o assize_n if_o upon_o examination_n of_o the_o juror_n it_o may_v appear_v that_o a_o competent_a number_n of_o they_o know_v the_o ground_n in_o question_n in_o such_o sort_n as_o they_o can_v put_v the_o party_n in_o possession_n if_o he_o recover_v but_o in_o a_o action_n of_o waste_n a_o express_a personal_a view_n be_v both_o require_v and_o requisite_a for_o the_o word_n of_o that_o writ_n direct_v the_o sheriff_n accedere_fw-la ad_fw-la locum_fw-la vastatum_fw-la in_o a_o word_n there_o be_v a_o diversity_n between_o a_o view_n and_o a_o survey_n for_o by_o the_o view_n one_o be_v to_o take_v notice_n only_o by_o the_o eye_n but_o to_o survey_v be_v not_o only_o to_o take_v notice_n of_o a_o thing_n by_o the_o eye_n but_o also_o by_o use_v other_o ceremony_n and_o circumstance_n as_o the_o hand_n to_o measure_v and_o the_o foot_n to_o pace_v the_o distance_n and_o the_o commissioner_n surveyor_n have_v power_n to_o take_v information_n by_o examination_n of_o other_o and_o although_o judge_v fitz._n in_o 27_o h._n 8._o fol._n 27._o hold_n a_o surveyor_n of_o very_o small_a esteem_n in_o his_o power_n and_o authority_n that_o be_v that_o he_o may_v hear_v see_v and_o say_v nothing_o oy_a voier_n &_o rien_fw-fr dier_z yet_o under_o the_o favour_n of_o that_o book_n i_o take_v a_o surveyor_n to_o be_v of_o more_o esteem_n and_o authority_n for_o by_o a_o old_a statute_n make_v in_o 4_o edw._n 1._o rastal_a surveyor_n first_o he_o be_v there_o describe_v to_o be_v a_o man_n which_o be_v to_o view_v the_o work_n and_o to_o make_v inquity_n 1._o 4_o ed._n 1._o and_o to_o set_v down_o which_o be_v copyhold_n which_o be_v freehold_n etc._n etc._n whereby_o it_o appear_v that_o a_o surveyor_n be_v a_o actor_n and_o not_o a_o looker_n on_o as_o mr._n fitzherbert_n will_v have_v he_o so_o by_o these_o description_n the_o commissioner_n may_v inform_v themselves_o what_o be_v mean_v by_o the_o word_n survey_v put_v in_o the_o statute_n and_o many_o of_o our_o statute_n take_v notice_n of_o such_o a_o officer_n as_o a_o surveyor_n for_o in_o the_o statute_n of_o bridge_n and_o highway_n there_o be_v such_o officer_n appoint_v and_o in_o the_o statute_n make_v for_o the_o erection_n of_o the_o court_n of_o ward_n and_o livery_n there_o be_v a_o grave_a officer_n appoint_v who_o be_v call_v the_o surveyor_n general_a of_o that_o court_n and_o he_o be_v a_o judge_n in_o matter_n there_o handle_v and_o there_o be_v also_o a_o officer_n in_o this_o statute_n of_o sewer_n call_v a_o surveyor_n who_o have_v no_o judicial_a power_n but_o be_v mere_o a_o officer_n what_o thing_n officer_n of_o sewer_n may_v do_v by_o survey_n only_o every_o thing_n which_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n be_v to_o do_v must_v be_v by_o true_a understanding_n of_o their_o authority_n and_o this_o must_v be_v so_o do_v that_o they_o make_v such_o distinction_n difference_n and_o application_n as_o may_v stand_v with_o knowledge_n skill_n and_o learning_n or_o otherwise_o their_o proceed_n will_v prove_v irregular_a and_o therefore_o it_o be_v not_o only_o meet_v to_o describe_v the_o officer_n surveyor_n as_o former_o i_o have_v do_v but_o also_o his_o office_n which_o i_o now_o mean_a to_o do_v first_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n may_v view_v the_o defence_n and_o thereby_o may_v inform_v themselves_o which_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o repair_v and_o amend_v and_o which_o not_o and_o wherein_o the_o default_n and_o defect_n appear_v to_o be_v and_o what_o they_o be_v second_o they_o may_v by_o survey_n take_v notice_n and_o knowledge_n by_o conference_n with_o carpenter_n mason_n smith_n and_o other_o officer_n what_o thing_n be_v fit_v to_o be_v provide_v for_o effect_v the_o work_n and_o what_o sum_n of_o money_n will_v be_v spend_v for_o the_o finish_n thereof_o three_o the_o commissioner_n may_v by_o view_n and_o survey_v take_v knowledge_n of_o the_o let_n impediment_n and_o annoyance_n in_o the_o bank_n wall_n rivers_n stream_n gutter_n sewer_n and_o of_o the_o height_n and_o lowness_n of_o the_o say_a bank_n and_o wall_n and_o may_v thereby_o discover_v and_o find_v out_o the_o want_n imperfection_n weakness_n and_o strength_n of_o they_o and_o so_o may_v cause_v the_o let_n and_o impediment_n to_o be_v remove_v and_o the_o want_v to_o be_v supply_v and_o the_o weak_a place_n strengthen_v as_o cause_n shall_v require_v four_o also_o by_o survey_n only_o they_o may_v sufficient_o inform_v themselves_o of_o the_o encroachment_n and_o of_o the_o straitness_n depth_n wideness_n and_o shallowness_n of_o the_o river_n stream_n gutter_n and_o sewer_n and_o may_v view_v the_o defect_n in_o these_o kind_n these_o thing_n i_o have_v produce_v as_o proper_a to_o be_v perform_v by_o view_n and_o survey_v of_o the_o commissioner_n and_o now_o i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o the_o rest_n thing_n to_o be_v do_v by_o a_o jury._n first_o what_o person_n or_o person_n do_v erect_v and_o set_v up_o any_o let_v and_o impediment_n as_o a_o floodgate_n mill-dam_n or_o such_o like_a must_v be_v find_v by_o jury_n for_o here_o the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v which_o be_v these_o and_o also_o to_o inquire_v by_o the_o oath_n of_o good_a and_o lawful_a man_n of_o the_o say_a shire_n or_o shire_n place_n or_o place_n where_o such_o default_n or_o annoyance_n be_v as_o well_o within_o liberty_n as_o without_o by_o who_o the_o truth_n may_v rather_o be_v know_v through_o who_o default_n the_o say_a hurt_n and_o damage_n have_v happen_v or_o who_o have_v or_o hold_v any_o land_n or_o tenement_n or_o common_a of_o pasture_n or_o profit_n of_o fish_v or_o have_v or_o may_v have_v any_o hurt_n loss_n or_o disadvantage_n by_o any_o manner_n of_o mean_n in_o the_o say_a place_n as_o well_o near_o to_o the_o say_a danger_n let_n or_o impediment_n as_o inhabit_v or_o dwell_v thereabouts_o by_o the_o say_a wall_n ditch_n etc._n etc._n so_o that_o the_o first_o article_n be_v full_a within_o the_o word_n of_o this_o statute_n and_o therefore_o it_o must_v be_v do_v by_o jury_n and_o no_o other_o accusation_n be_v of_o sufficient_a strength_n in_o the_o law_n to_o put_v a_o man_n to_o his_o answer_n and_o herein_o the_o maker_n of_o these_o law_n do_v sage_o for_o how_o shall_v commissioner_n of_o sewer_n take_v notice_n by_o view_n or_o survey_v of_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v do_v or_o commit_v in_o their_o absence_n second_o if_o any_o wall_n bank_n river_n sewer_n or_o other_o defence_n be_v defective_a by_o neglect_n or_o sufferance_n of_o such_o as_o shall_v repair_v the_o same_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n be_v to_o inquire_v by_o
jury_n in_o who_o default_n the_o same_o happen_v three_o the_o commissioner_n be_v to_o inquire_v what_o person_n or_o person_n ought_v or_o be_v bind_v by_o custom_n prescription_n tenure_n covenant_n or_o otherwise_o or_o for_o or_o by_o reason_n of_o what_o land_n or_o ground_n he_o or_o they_o be_v tie_v or_o bind_v to_o do_v the_o repair_v and_o where_o those_o ground_n do_v lie_v and_o who_o be_v the_o owner_n thereof_o four_o also_o it_o must_v be_v inquire_v by_o jury_n what_o ground_n lie_v within_o the_o hurt_n or_o danger_n of_o water_n either_o within_o the_o surrounder_n by_o the_o sea_n or_o the_o inundation_n of_o the_o fresh_a water_n and_o to_o who_o they_o do_v belong_v five_o and_o if_o a_o new_a sluice_n goat_n or_o other_o defence_n be_v to_o be_v erect_v build_v and_o make_v or_o a_o new_a sewer_n gutter_n or_o trench_n to_o be_v cast_v this_o may_v be_v determine_v of_o by_o the_o view_n and_o survey_v of_o the_o commissioner_n and_o so_o may_v the_o aptness_n of_o the_o place_n where_o they_o be_v to_o be_v set_v or_o cast_v and_o the_o length_n height_n breadth_n and_o depth_n of_o they_o for_o these_o thing_n be_v proper_a for_o a_o view_n and_o survey_v but_o what_o person_n hold_v land_n and_o tenement_n within_o the_o level_n which_o be_v fit_a to_o be_v chargeable_a thereunto_o and_o the_o quantity_n of_o their_o land_n be_v to_o be_v inquire_v of_o by_o jury_n and_o these_o few_o cause_n i_o have_v put_v for_o example_n sake_n and_o if_o any_o other_o fall_v out_o within_o the_o like_a reason_n than_o they_o be_v to_o receive_v the_o same_o construction_n six_o in_o every_o case_n where_o a_o amerciament_n be_v to_o be_v impose_v it_o must_v be_v by_o presentment_n of_o good_a and_o lawful_a man_n upon_o their_o oath_n et_fw-la hoc_fw-la per_fw-la statutum_fw-la de_fw-la magna_fw-la charta_fw-la cap._n 14._o nulla_fw-la miserecord_n '_o ponatur_fw-la nisi_fw-la per_fw-la sacramentum_fw-la proborum_fw-la &_o legalium_fw-la hominum_fw-la de_fw-la viceneto_fw-la etc._n etc._n surveyor_n presentment_n but_o it_o have_v be_v use_v that_o surveyor_n of_o the_o sewer_n have_v make_v presentment_n of_o default_n of_o thing_n govern_v by_o these_o law_n but_o whether_o such_o a_o presentment_n be_v bind_v or_o not_o be_v a_o good_a point_n it_o be_v clear_a in_o my_o opinion_n that_o they_o can_v make_v no_o presentment_n but_o such_o as_o happen_v within_o their_o view_n and_o survey_v and_o what_o those_o thing_n be_v they_o former_o appear_v they_o can_v present_v that_o i._o s._n be_v bind_v by_o prescription_n custom_n covenant_n or_o otherwise_o to_o repair_v such_o a_o wall_n bank_n or_o sewer_n for_o this_o be_v not_o within_o their_o office_n in_o kelloways_n report_n fol._n 141._o there_o be_v a_o custom_n allege_v that_o 141._o kelloways_n rep._n fol._n 141._o two_o man_n within_o the_o provost_n may_v present_v the_o article_n of_o the_o leet_n but_o i_o doubt_v of_o such_o presentment_n though_o it_o have_v a_o custom_n to_o strengthen_v it_o i_o take_v this_o difference_n that_o a_o original_a presentment_n surveyor_n can_v make_v as_o to_o present_v i._o s._n that_o by_o the_o tenure_n of_o his_o land_n he_o ought_v to_o repair_v such_o a_o bridge_n wall_n bank_n or_o other_o defence_n but_o the_o surveyor_n may_v make_v a_o supplemental_a presentment_n as_o for_o example_n if_o it_o have_v be_v present_v before_o by_o a_o jury_n that_o i._o s._n ought_v to_o have_v repair_v such_o a_o ditch_n and_o have_v not_o do_v the_o same_o and_o day_n be_v give_v he_o by_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n to_o do_v the_o same_o if_o the_o same_o be_v not_o repair_v at_o the_o day_n the_o surveyor_n may_v present_v in_o this_o case_n the_o not_o repair_v because_o this_o be_v but_o a_o oath_n of_o assistance_n ad_fw-la informandum_fw-la conscientiam_fw-la judicis_fw-la for_o the_o amerciament_n shall_v be_v impose_v by_o the_o force_n of_o the_o say_v former_a presentment_n and_o this_o latter_a presentment_n by_o the_o surveyor_n be_v only_o to_o give_v the_o justice_n notice_n of_o the_o party_n far_a neglect_n to_o the_o end_n they_o may_v impose_v the_o great_a amerciament_n and_o a_o presentment_n by_o surveyor_n be_v not_o traversable_a be_v of_o so_o small_a esteem_n in_o law_n as_o our_o law_n will_v not_o vouchsafe_v to_o take_v a_o issue_n upon_o it_o for_o their_o act_n herein_o be_v not_o in_o the_o ordinary_a legal_a form_n what_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n may_v do_v by_o discretion_n discretion_n be_v the_o herb_n of_o grace_n that_o i_o can_v wish_v every_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n well_o store_v withal_o for_o the_o maker_n of_o this_o statute_n have_v a_o intention_n to_o make_v it_o of_o great_a use_n be_v literal_o nominate_v nine_o or_o ten_o time_n in_o this_o law_n &_o for_o this_o cause_n i_o have_v insert_v in_o my_o case_n but_o note_n that_o the_o word_n wisdom_n be_v couple_v with_o it_o and_o the_o word_n good_a be_v annex_v to_o they_o both_o as_o best_o show_v of_o what_o pure_a metal_n they_o shall_v be_v make_v of_o after_o your_o good_a wisdom_n and_o discretion_n there_o be_v three_o several_a degree_n of_o discretion_n discretio_fw-la generalis_fw-la discretio_fw-la legalis_fw-la discretio_fw-la specialis_fw-la discretio_fw-la generalis_fw-la be_v require_v of_o every_o one_o in_o every_o thing_n that_o he_o be_v to_o do_v or_o attempt_v legalis_fw-la discretio_fw-la be_v that_o which_o sir_n edward_n cook_n mean_v and_o set_v forth_o in_o rook_n and_o keighly_n case_n hoc_fw-la est_fw-la scire_fw-la pro_fw-la legem_fw-la quod_fw-la sit_fw-la justum_fw-la and_o this_o be_v mere_o to_o administer_v justice_n according_a to_o the_o prescribe_a rule_n of_o the_o law_n and_o herein_o be_v this_o discretion_n limit_v that_o it_o go_v not_o beyond_o or_o beside_o those_o law_n which_o be_v to_o be_v execute_v and_o this_o discretion_n be_v to_o be_v govern_v by_o the_o law_n for_o cicero_n say_v sapientis_fw-la est_fw-la judicis_fw-la cogitare_fw-la tantum_fw-la sibi_fw-la esse_fw-la permissum_fw-la quantum_fw-la cicero_n cicero_n sit_fw-la commissum_fw-la aut_fw-la creditum_fw-la the_o three_o discretion_n be_v where_o the_o law_n have_v give_v no_o certain_a rule_n to_o be_v direct_v by_o in_o a_o case_n within_o the_o power_n of_o this_o commission_n there_o the_o commissioner_n be_v to_o order_v these_o affair_n with_o such_o wisdom_n and_o judgement_n that_o although_o their_o censure_n be_v not_o frame_v in_o a_o rule_n of_o law_n yet_o they_o be_v to_o do_v therein_o secundum_fw-la aequum_fw-la &_o bonum_fw-la and_o herein_o discretion_n be_v the_o absolute_a judge_n of_o the_o cause_n and_o give_v the_o rule_n but_o in_o the_o case_n of_o legal_a discretion_n there_o discretion_n be_v but_o a_o servant_n and_o be_v tie_v to_o attend_v upon_o the_o law_n and_o there_o the_o law_n direct_v the_o censure_n and_o discretion_n be_v but_o to_o do_v the_o same_o wise_o &_o temporal_o for_o ipsae_fw-la etenim_fw-la leges_fw-la cupiunt_fw-la ut_fw-la jure_fw-la regantur_fw-la sir_n ed._n cook_n in_o book_n case_n 5_o report_n give_v this_o rule_n to_o the_o cato_n cato_n commissioner_n that_o although_o the_o word_n of_o the_o commission_n be_v that_o they_o shall_v do_v according_a to_o their_o discretion_n yet_o their_o proceed_n ought_v to_o be_v limit_v and_o bound_v within_o the_o rule_n of_o law_n and_o reason_n for_o that_o discretion_n be_v a_o science_n to_o discern_v betwixt_o falsity_n and_o truth_n between_o right_a and_o wrong_n between_o shadow_n and_o substance_n betwixt_o equity_n and_o colourable_a gloss_n and_o the_o commissioner_n ought_v not_o to_o follow_v their_o will_n and_o private_a affection_n for_o that_o talis_fw-la discretio_fw-la discretionem_fw-la confundit_fw-la and_o therefore_o now_o i_o will_v declare_v in_o few_o word_n in_o what_o thing_n these_o commissioner_n be_v to_o be_v rule_v by_o good_a discretion_n first_o the_o quantity_n of_o fines_n be_v leave_v to_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o commissioner_n item_n imprisonment_n of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o offender_n when_o they_o deserve_v and_o the_o time_n how_o long_o lie_v much_o in_o their_o discretion_n item_n it_o lie_v in_o their_o grave_a wisdom_n and_o discretion_n when_o and_o where_o to_o erect_v new_a wall_n bank_n and_o other_o defence_n and_o what_o sum_n of_o money_n to_o raise_v and_o levy_v therefore_o the_o election_n of_o officer_n lie_v in_o their_o discretion_n it_o lie_v many_o time_n in_o their_o discretion_n who_o to_o fine_a and_o who_o to_o imprison_v i_o take_v it_o this_o word_n discretion_n use_v in_o the_o statute_n give_v power_n to_o the_o commissioner_n to_o order_n business_n there_o arise_v in_o course_n of_o equity_n for_o hoc_fw-la nihil_fw-la aliud_fw-la est_fw-la but_o to_o proceed_v secundum_fw-la aequum_fw-la &_o bonum_fw-la i_o have_v put_v these_o few_o case_n as_o example_n to_o direct_v and_o instruct_v what_o may_v be_v do_v by_o
heir_n from_o the_o say_a ancestor_n which_o make_v the_o covenant_n 33._o 28_o &_o 29_o h._n 8._o dier_n fol._n 33._o wherein_o i_o take_v this_o difference_n between_o a_o covenant_n to_o bind_v a_o heir_n and_o a_o prescription_n for_o by_o covenant_n the_o heir_n shall_v be_v bind_v to_o the_o repair_v if_o he_o have_v asset_n descend_v to_o he_o from_o that_o ancestor_n but_o the_o heir_n shall_v not_o be_v bind_v by_o prescription_n to_o repair_v though_o he_o have_v asset_n descend_v from_o his_o ancestor_n who_o repair_v the_o say_v defence_n but_o if_o land_n be_v charge_v therewithal_o by_o tenure_n or_o otherwise_o as_o a_o charge_n impose_v upon_o land_n by_o prescription_n than_o the_o say_a land_n be_v therewithal_o chargeable_a in_o cujuscunque_fw-la manus_fw-la devenerint_fw-la quod_fw-la nota_fw-la it_o appear_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o 43_o el._n cap._n 4._o that_o if_o land_n rent_n annuity_n good_n or_o chattel_n be_v give_v towards_o 4._o 43_o el._n 4._o the_o repair_n of_o bridge_n port_n havens_n calceys_n or_o sea_n bank_n that_o the_o same_o shall_v be_v so_o employ_v by_o that_o statute_n so_o that_o good_n chattel_n and_o annuity_n be_v chargeable_a to_o these_o repair_v by_o the_o force_n of_o that_o statute_n as_o well_o as_o land_n house_n and_o ground_n in_o case_n any_o such_o thing_n shall_v happen_v to_o come_v before_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n but_o note_v beside_o all_o the_o former_a matter_n that_o a_o heir_n shall_v not_o be_v bind_v by_o the_o covenant_n of_o his_o ancestor_n though_o he_o have_v asset_n descend_v unless_o he_o be_v bind_v express_o by_o the_o word_n heir_n in_o the_o covenant_n usus_fw-la rei_fw-la i_o now_o intend_v to_o declare_v where_o use_n shall_v tie_v one_o to_o the_o repair_v of_o the_o defence_n mention_v in_o this_o law_n i_o do_v not_o hereby_o mean_v that_o use_n which_o i_o have_v former_o mention_v in_o prescription_n and_o custom_n which_o be_v use_v to_o repair_v but_o the_o use_n i_o intend_v in_o this_o place_n be_v the_o use_n which_o one_o be_v to_o have_v of_o the_o defence_n or_o thing_n which_o be_v to_o be_v repair_v as_o where_o one_o and_o his_o ancestor_n have_v use_v to_o have_v the_o use_n of_o the_o river_n or_o water_n by_o sail_v up_o and_o down_o the_o same_o or_o have_v use_v to_o have_v a_o ferry_n on_o or_o over_o they_o or_o a_o staith_o to_o go_v up_o and_o down_o or_o a_o crane_n to_o draw_v up_o water_n or_o some_o other_o engine_n to_o draw_v up_o the_o water_n for_o the_o use_n of_o their_o house_n these_o use_n which_o man_n have_v of_o these_o thing_n may_v be_v cause_n and_o consideration_n sufficient_a to_o tie_v they_o to_o the_o repair_v of_o the_o wall_n bank_n and_o river_n assiz_n 37_o lib._n assiz_n and_o for_o warrant_v in_o this_o learning_n be_v the_o book_n of_o 37_o lib._n assiz_n plac_fw-la 10._o for_o there_o be_v some_o person_n which_o be_v bind_v to_o repair_v the_o river_n because_o they_o have_v passage_n on_o it_o with_o their_o boat_n and_o other_o be_v charge_v because_o they_o have_v free_a fish_n in_o the_o river_n and_o in_o my_o opinion_n it_o stand_v with_o good_a reason_n and_o agreeable_a to_o law_n that_o those_o person_n before_o other_o shall_v be_v bind_v and_o tie_v to_o the_o repair_v of_o such_o thing_n whereof_o they_o have_v peculiar_a and_o several_a profit_n and_o use_n of_o more_o than_o other_o have_v and_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o this_o very_a statute_n aim_v full_a at_o this_o point_n when_o it_o direct_v that_o such_o person_n shall_v be_v rate_v tax_v and_o sess_v towards_o the_o repair_n which_o have_v profit_n of_o fish_v and_o other_o commodity_n in_o the_o river_n but_o least_o some_o may_v mistake_v my_o meaning_n and_o learn_v also_o in_o the_o say_v former_a case_n i_o will_v therefore_o make_v the_o same_o plain_a by_o distinction_n which_o be_v this_o that_o frontage_n ownership_n and_o this_o use_n i_o last_o speak_v of_o do_v not_o bind_v any_o to_o the_o repair_n and_o maintain_v of_o wall_n bank_n bridges_n sewer_n or_o other_o defence_n when_o and_o where_o any_o other_o man_n or_o corporation_n be_v bind_v to_o do_v the_o same_o by_o prescription_n custom_n tenure_n or_o covenant_n for_o the_o say_v three_o part_n frontage_n ownership_n and_o usus_fw-la rei_fw-la be_v but_o implicit_a tie_n only_o in_o construction_n of_o law_n and_o serve_v the_o turn_n only_o when_o no_o other_o person_n or_o person_n be_v bind_v express_o thereunto_o and_o this_o distinction_n may_v be_v maintain_v by_o the_o book_n of_o 8_o h._n 7._o 7._o 8._o h._n 7._o fol._n 5._o and_o other_o book_n where_o it_o be_v say_v that_o he_o who_o ground_n be_v next_o adjoin_v be_v bind_v to_o repair_v unless_o some_o other_o be_v bind_v to_o do_v the_o same_o by_o tenure_n or_o prescription_n whereby_o it_o follow_v that_o if_o one_o be_v bind_v to_o do_v the_o same_o by_o special_a tenure_n or_o prescription_n it_o free_v the_o frontager_n note_v also_o another_o difference_n that_o in_o case_n where_o a_o frontager_n and_o one_o who_o have_v liberum_fw-la passagium_fw-la on_o the_o river_n and_o a_o man_n which_o have_v a_o free_a pischary_n there_o be_v not_o any_o one_o of_o they_o bind_v to_o make_v the_o repair_v alone_o but_o all_o alike_o together_o and_o so_o be_v the_o book_n of_o 37_o assiz_n plac_fw-la 10._o and_o i_o suppose_v the_o book_n of_o 38_o assiz_n plac_fw-la 15._o maintain_v this_o point_n with_o i_o for_o there_o the_o law_n be_v declare_v to_o be_v that_o he_o which_o assiz_n 37_o 38_o assiz_n be_v bind_v by_o prescription_n to_o repair_v be_v bind_v peremptory_o alone_a to_o do_v the_o work_n and_o not_o any_o other_o and_o if_o no_o such_o person_n can_v be_v find_v than_o the_o party_n who_o ground_n do_v adjoyn_v and_o those_o which_o have_v free_a fish_n in_o the_o river_n and_o free_a passage_n thereon_o be_v all_o of_o they_o to_o do_v and_o perform_v the_o same_o joint_o and_o no_o one_o of_o they_o be_v a_o discharge_n for_o the_o other_o because_o they_o shall_v be_v in_o consimili_fw-la casu_fw-la so_o by_o this_o which_o have_v be_v say_v touch_v these_o matter_n the_o commissioner_n may_v see_v and_o behold_v how_o careful_o and_o understand_o the_o law_n of_o this_o realm_n have_v endeavour_v to_o do_v equal_a justice_n and_o my_o desire_n be_v that_o they_o will_v as_o careful_o put_v they_o in_o execution_n a_o township_n assess_v it_o have_v be_v hold_v for_o a_o great_a question_n whether_o a_o township_n or_o hundred_o in_o general_n may_v be_v assess_v and_o tax_v to_o the_o sewer_n without_o impose_v the_o same_o on_o particular_a person_n and_o sir_n edward_n cook_n in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o ely_n be_v of_o opinion_n direct_o that_o a_o tax_n rate_v or_o a_o sesse_n ely_n case_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o ely_n can_v not_o nay_o might_n not_o be_v set_v or_o impose_v upon_o a_o town_n or_o upon_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o a_o town_n for_o say_v he_o the_o taxation_n sessment_n or_o charge_n ought_v to_o have_v these_o quality_n it_o ought_v to_o be_v according_a to_o the_o quantity_n of_o their_o land_n by_o number_n of_o acre_n and_o perche_n or_o by_o the_o tenor_n of_o profit_n of_o fish_v and_o common_a of_o pasture_n which_o if_o it_o shall_v be_v lay_v upon_o a_o town_n it_o will_v hold_v none_o of_o those_o proportion_n and_o his_o opinion_n be_v not_o alone_o in_o this_o very_a point_n for_o in_o the_o ancient_a charter_n of_o rumney_n marsh_n case_n rumney_n marsh_n case_n pag._n 50._o it_o be_v say_v quod_fw-la unusquisque_fw-la proportione_fw-la ac_fw-la periculo_fw-la incumbentium_fw-la aequae_fw-la contribuat_fw-la and_o page_n 12_o and_o 39_o of_o the_o same_o charter_n the_o taxation_n be_v express_v to_o be_v acre_n perch_n and_o carucate_n and_o our_o statute_n in_o express_a wordsis_n and_o all_o those_o person_n and_o every_o of_o they_o to_o tax_v and_o assess_v charge_n distrain_v and_o punish_v as_o well_o within_o the_o limit_n leet_n and_o bound_n of_o old_a time_n accustom_v or_o otherwise_o or_o elsewhere_o within_o this_o realm_n of_o england_n after_o the_o quantity_n of_o their_o land_n tenement_n and_o rent_n and_o by_o the_o number_n of_o acre_n and_o perch_n and_o after_o the_o rate_n of_o every_o person_n portion_n tenure_n or_o profit_n or_o after_o the_o quantity_n of_o their_o common_a of_o pasture_n or_o fish_v by_o such_o way_n and_o mean_n as_o you_o the_o lord_n fitz_n william_n sir_n francis_n vane_n and_o sir_n thomas_n mounson_n knight_n and_o baronet_n sir_n edward_n dimock_n sir_n william_n armin_n sir_n thomas_n grantham_n sir_n george_n ftiz_n william_n knight_n richard_z totheby_o and_o edward_n king_n esquire_n whereof_o three_o to_o be_v of_o the_o quorum_fw-la shall_v
in_o their_o convocation_n house_n a_o council_n mere_o consist_v of_o the_o clergy_n and_o then_o be_v confirm_v in_o parliament_n of_o which_o house_n also_o they_o be_v a_o member_n and_o therefore_o in_o my_o opinion_n see_v tithe_n be_v so_o sacred_a a_o duty_n that_o a_o layman_n can_v not_o have_v any_o help_n for_o at_o the_o common_a law_n and_o be_v exempt_a from_o temporal_a and_o profane_a use_n i_o be_o therefore_o of_o opinion_n that_o they_o be_v not_o to_o be_v rate_v or_o tax_v by_o the_o general_a word_n of_o these_o law_n yet_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o tithe_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o a_o temporal_a or_o layman_n be_v to_o be_v rate_v by_o these_o law_n for_o when_o they_o be_v come_v into_o his_o hand_n tunc_fw-la res_fw-la spirituales_fw-la fiunt_fw-la temporales_fw-la &_o transeunt_fw-la decimae_fw-la in_o catalla_fw-la but_o i_o must_v here_o leave_v these_o ecclesiastical_a person_n and_o their_o church_n living_n there_o be_v another_o point_n of_o this_o law_n will_v reach_v unto_o some_o of_o their_o possession_n as_o to_o their_o gleab_n land_n which_o belong_v to_o their_o church_n and_o their_o meadow_n and_o pasture_n ground_n for_o these_o be_v not_o sacred_a as_o tithe_n be_v but_o come_v to_o they_o by_o the_o benevolent_a gift_n of_o layman_n and_o not_o ex_fw-la duo_fw-la dei_fw-la &_o evangelii_n as_o tithe_n do_v and_o so_o they_o take_v that_o burden_n with_o they_o from_o the_o lay-donor_n which_o after_o may_v be_v impose_v upon_o they_o and_o therefore_o such_o parson_n vicar_n or_o other_o spiritual_a person_n which_o hold_v a_o plough_n land_n in_o culture_n be_v chargeable_a by_o the_o statute_n of_o 2_o mar._n towards_o the_o repair_n of_o the_o highway_n as_o other_o lay_v man_n be_v but_o in_o that_o statute_n there_o be_v ecclesiastical_a officer_n use_v as_o churchwarden_n whereby_o it_o be_v conceive_v that_o that_o statute_n have_v a_o eye_n to_o bring_v ecclesiastical_a person_n within_o the_o reach_n of_o it_o and_o so_o for_o their_o house_n and_o ground_n i_o take_v they_o to_o be_v within_o these_o law_n of_o the_o sewer_n for_o the_o own_o land_n be_v also_o chargeable_a thereunto_o and_o yet_o on_o earth_n within_o his_o dominion_n he_o be_v say_v to_o be_v caput_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la and_o as_o much_o reason_n be_v it_o to_o exempt_v his_o possession_n as_o theris_fw-la if_o the_o respect_n of_o the_o person_n shall_v bear_v any_o such_o sway_n in_o the_o case_n also_o i_o do_v find_v by_o divers_a ancient_a record_n that_o abbey_n priory_n and_o other_o spiritual_a possession_n have_v be_v chargeable_a to_o the_o repair_n of_o bridge_n calceys_n banks_n and_o highway_n by_o custom_n and_o prescription_n as_o appear_v also_o by_o the_o book_n of_o 11_o h._n 4._o fol._n 82_o 83._o and_o 44_o ed._n 3._o fitz._n 3._o 11_o h_n 4._o 44._o e._n 3._o title_n bar._n pl._n 301._o and_o i_o take_v it_o that_o by_o a_o very_o express_v and_o special_a custom_n or_o prescription_n a_o portion_n of_o tithe_n in_o a_o clergy_n man_n hand_n may_v be_v charge_v with_o the_o the_o repair_v of_o bridge_n way_n wall_n or_o sea_n banks_n but_o not_o without_o a_o direct_a affirmative_a custom_n for_o i_o suppose_v that_o they_o may_v as_o well_o endure_v a_o charge_n in_o this_o kind_n as_o a_o charge_n in_o a_o modus_fw-la decimandi_fw-la and_o so_o i_o conclude_v this_o part_n of_o the_o case_n that_o the_o person_n be_v not_o to_o be_v sess_v for_o his_o tithe_n by_o the_o general_a word_n of_o of_o this_o law_n a_o copyholder_n here_o be_v also_o a_o copyholder_n tax_v within_o my_o case_n for_o his_o copyhold_n land_n and_o whether_o he_o for_o his_o copyhold_n and_o the_o lord_n for_o the_o freehold_a of_o that_o soil_n shall_v be_v assess_v therefore_o be_v another_o question_n a_o copyhold_n by_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o manor_n yield_v and_o afford_v to_o the_o lord_n seignory_n rent_n fines_n due_a upon_o admittance_n and_o such_o like_a duty_n but_o the_o copyholder_n have_v the_o real_a and_o visible_a profit_n of_o the_o soil_n &_o therefore_o both_o lord_n &_o copyholder_n receive_v et_fw-la commodum_fw-la &_o salvationem_fw-la by_o the_o say_a defence_n and_o therefore_o the_o word_n of_o this_o law_n be_v exceed_o copious_a and_o full_a in_o this_o point_n of_o sesse_v viz._n to_o inquire_v who_o have_v and_o hold_v any_o land_n or_o tenement_n or_o common_a of_o pasture_n or_o fish_v or_o have_v or_o may_v have_v any_o hurt_n or_o damage_n or_o loss_n by_o any_o mean_n in_o or_o near_o the_o say_a place_n and_o in_o this_o case_n the_o lord_n hold_v the_o say_a land_n in_o tenure_n though_o not_o in_o culture_n and_o many_o way_n may_v have_v hurt_v and_o damage_n as_o if_o the_o copyhold_n be_v overflow_v by_o the_o sea_n the_o lord_n shall_v lose_v his_o freehold_n of_o the_o soil_n his_o seignory_n yearly_a rent_n and_o fine_n for_o admittance_n and_o all_o other_o perquesites_n so_o that_o the_o say_v word_n of_o this_o stature_n beat_v main_o upon_o he_o but_o as_o there_o be_v reason_n to_o be_v urge_v against_o he_o so_o there_o be_v matter_n to_o exempt_v he_o from_o this_o charge_n and_o to_o lay_v the_o burden_n on_o the_o copyholder_n first_o though_o he_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o copyhold_n yet_o he_o be_v seize_v of_o the_o freehold_a thereof_o but_o in_o imagination_n and_o construction_n of_o the_o law_n for_o the_o copyholder_n be_v pernor_n and_o taker_n of_o the_o visible_a and_o substantial_a profit_n second_o the_o charge_n of_o repair_n respect_v the_o possessioner_n in_o presenti_fw-la which_o be_v easy_a to_o be_v find_v out_o and_o not_o imaginary_a owner_n as_o the_o lord_n be_v and_o three_o if_o the_o lord_n &_o owner_n shall_v both_o be_v charge_v pro_fw-la una_fw-la eademque_fw-la re_fw-la which_o the_o law_n do_v never_o permit_v for_o this_o be_v not_o like_o the_o case_n of_o lord_n and_o commoner_n they_o there_o shall_v be_v charge_v the_o one_o for_o his_o soil_n and_o the_o other_o for_o his_o common_a for_o in_o this_o case_n the_o lord_n be_v the_o immediate_a proprietor_n of_o the_o soil_n and_o he_o have_v the_o present_a and_o real_a occupation_n thereof_o as_o well_o as_o the_o commoner_n have_v the_o use_n of_o his_o common_a and_o therefore_o they_o shall_v both_o be_v tax_v to_o these_o repair_v diversis_fw-la tamen_fw-la respectis_fw-la but_o for_o the_o copyholder_n it_o may_v be_v object_v that_o he_o be_v not_o within_o this_o statute_n for_o in_o heidons_n case_n in_o sir_n edward_n case_n hcidons_n case_n cook_n 3_o report_n it_o be_v true_o say_v that_o a_o copyholder_n be_v not_o within_o the_o law_n and_o statute_n which_o alter_v the_o service_n tenure_n interest_n of_o the_o land_n or_o other_o thing_n in_o prejudice_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o this_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o a_o copyholder_n land_n can_v be_v extend_v or_o put_v in_o execution_n upon_o the_o statute_n of_o westminster_n the_o second_o nor_o in_o extent_n upon_o the_o statute_n of_o acton_n burnel_n and_o de_fw-fr mercatoribus_fw-la for_o if_o they_o shall_v then_o may_v the_o sheriff_n make_v the_o lord_n new_a tenant_n without_o surrender_n and_o admittance_n which_o be_v contrary_a to_o custom_n the_o life_n and_o essence_n of_o all_o copyhold_n yet_o there_o be_v another_o good_a rule_n put_v in_o the_o say_a case_n of_o heidon_n that_o be_v that_o where_o a_o statute_n be_v make_v for_o the_o general_a good_a and_o wealth_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o that_o no_o prejudice_n can_v come_v to_o the_o lord_n by_o alteration_n of_o tenure_n service_n estate_n or_o custom_n there_o copyhold_n may_v well_o be_v within_o those_o statute_n therefore_o now_o it_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v whether_o this_o statute_n of_o sewer_n will_v in_o any_o sort_n hurt_n or_o prejudice_v the_o lord_n or_o no_o for_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o these_o law_n tend_v as_o much_o to_o the_o wealth_n and_o welfare_n of_o this_o realm_n as_o any_o can_v do_v and_o in_o rate_v and_o assess_v these_o copyhold_n to_o the_o repair_v of_o bank_n wall_n and_o sewer_n etc._n etc._n it_o alter_v neither_o the_o copyholder_n interest_n nor_o the_o lord_n tenure_n nor_o do_v it_o in_o any_o sort_n prejudice_v the_o custom_n of_o the_o manor_n but_o than_o it_o may_v be_v object_v that_o if_o sesse_v be_v impose_v upon_o a_o copyholder_n for_o his_o land_n and_o be_v not_o pay_v these_o law_n give_v sale_n of_o land_n which_o indeed_o be_v the_o only_a clause_n of_o this_o statute_n which_o be_v material_a to_o exempt_v a_o copyholder_n out_o of_o these_o law_n for_o clear_o i_o take_v it_o that_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n have_v no_o power_n to_o decree_v the_o copyhold_n land_n away_o for_o nonpayment_n of_o the_o sesse_v yet_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o a_o copyholder_n though_o he_o be_v not_o within_o
title_n to_o land_n by_o action_n condition_n or_o entry_n or_o he_o which_o have_v a_o contingent_a use_n shall_v not_o be_v tax_v for_o they_o neither_o be_v cestui_fw-fr que_fw-fr use_n at_o the_o common_a law_n before_o the_o statute_n of_o 27_o h._n 8._o of_o use_n nor_o be_v the_o bargainee_n of_o land_n before_o the_o deed_n be_v enrol_v sessable_a by_o this_o law_n neither_o be_v one_o who_o have_v the_o presentation_n or_o nomination_n to_o a_o church_n as_o patron_n or_o he_o which_o be_v founder_n for_o his_o foundership_n taxable_a within_o this_o statute_n yet_o they_o be_v tenement_n the_o large_a word_n of_o charge_n within_o this_o law_n but_o the_o law_n intend_v the_o immediate_a possession_n of_o such_o tenement_n which_o be_v proficuous_a and_o not_o these_o thing_n which_o be_v tenement_n in_o law_n and_o which_o be_v but_o conveyance_n and_o their_o fruit_n be_v ceremony_n without_o substance_n this_o law_n set_v down_o such_o thing_n for_o the_o which_o one_o be_v chargeable_a viz._n he_o which_o have_v land_n tenement_n rent_n commons_o of_o pasture_n profit_n of_o fish_v or_o other_o commodity_n and_o such_o as_o have_v safety_n profit_n defence_n or_o any_o other_o commodity_n these_o be_v the_o word_n of_o charge_n recite_v by_o this_o law_n this_o word_n land_n be_v of_o large_a extent_n for_o it_o reach_v to_o house_n arable_a pasture_n meadow_n mill_n tofts_n and_o to_o all_o other_o edifice_n moor_n marish_n wood_n wood_n ground_n for_o all_o these_o the_o earth_n be_v the_o substance_n et_fw-fr omne_fw-la solo_fw-la cedet_fw-la and_o the_o several_a increase_v thereof_o be_v but_o quality_n the_o word_n tenement_n be_v of_o large_a extent_n than_o land_n for_o it_o contain_v all_o which_o the_o word_n land_n do_v and_o all_o thing_n else_o which_o lie_v in_o tenure_n so_o that_o i_o think_v it_o shall_v be_v but_o labour_n lose_v to_o enter_v further_o into_o the_o particular_n thereof_o lord_n and_o tenant_n if_o there_o be_v lord_n and_o tenant_n and_o the_o tenant_n hold_v of_o the_o lord_n by_o yearly_a rend_a service_n the_o lord_n may_v be_v rate_v as_o well_o for_o his_o rent_n as_o the_o tenant_n for_o his_o land_n to_o annual_a repair_n as_o well_o as_o to_o accidental_a by_o reason_n of_o these_o word_n in_o the_o statute_n that_o be_v that_o every_o one_o be_v rate_v and_o tax_v according_a to_o the_o rate_n of_o every_o person_n rend_v tenure_n or_o profit_n here_o be_v full_a word_n to_o charge_v the_o lord_n for_o his_o rent_n and_o so_o rend_a charge_n and_o rend_v seck_fw-mi shall_v be_v subject_a to_o sess_v in_o this_o kind_n for_o otherwise_o the_o tenant_n of_o the_o ground_n may_v be_v undo_v thereby_o in_o regard_n the_o rent_n go_v and_o issue_v out_o of_o the_o ground_n may_v amount_v to_o as_o much_o almost_o as_o the_o yearly_a value_n of_o the_o ground_n do_v but_o if_o the_o rent_n be_v so_o small_a as_o they_o be_v scarce_o worth_a the_o gather_n then_o in_o discretion_n the_o commissioner_n may_v spare_v they_o for_o de_fw-fr minimis_fw-la non_fw-la curate_n lex_fw-la also_o whether_o the_o remainder_n man_n and_o he_o in_o reversion_n depend_v upon_o a_o estate_n in_o tail_n shall_v be_v rate_v and_o tax_v or_o not_o by_o the_o power_n of_o these_o law_n be_v a_o apt_a question_n for_o this_o place_n and_o therein_o my_o opinion_n be_v that_o be_v dry_a and_o fruitless_a remainder_n and_o reversion_n they_o shall_v not_o be_v sess_v to_o the_o repair_v but_o the_o tenant_n in_o tail_n in_o possession_n shall_v be_v sole_o charge_v for_o it_o be_v more_o to_o be_v fear_v that_o tenant_n in_o tail_n will_v cut_v off_o the_o remainder_n and_o reversion_n by_o a_o recovery_n then_o that_o the_o sea_n shall_v drown_v his_o estate_n by_o a_o overflow_n lessee_n for_o year_n and_o he_o in_o reversion_n in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o lessee_n for_o year_n and_o for_o life_n and_o those_o in_o reversion_n and_o remainder_n there_o be_v a_o great_a cause_n of_o dispute_n then_o between_o tenant_n in_o tail_n and_o he_o in_o the_o reversion_n and_o because_o it_o be_v a_o often_o case_n i_o have_v therefore_o take_v the_o more_o pain_n to_o resolve_v the_o same_o first_o the_o lessee_n be_v in_o the_o present_a possession_n and_o so_o be_v subject_a to_o all_o ordinary_a charge_n and_o with_o this_o agree_v jeffray_v case_n jeffray_v case_n case_n in_o sir_n edward_n cook_n 5_o report_n for_o there_o the_o case_n be_v resolve_v that_o where_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o a_o town_n be_v assess_v towards_o the_o repair_n of_o a_o church_n there_o the_o lessee_n for_o year_n be_v charge_v and_o not_o the_o lessor_n though_o he_o have_v a_o yearly_a rent_n reserve_v for_o in_o point_n of_o the_o rent_n this_o case_n and_o that_o will_v differ_v by_o reason_n rent_n be_v express_o within_o this_o law_n but_o i_o now_o speak_v of_o a_o lessee_n where_o no_o rent_n be_v reserve_v in_o 17_o ed._n 4._o fol._n 6_o a_o ten_o be_v grant_v to_o the_o 4._o 17_o ed._n 4._o king_n by_o parliament_n of_o the_o value_n of_o their_o land_n and_o the_o lessee_n for_o year_n be_v charge_v therewithal_o and_o so_o be_v the_o law_n there_o take_v if_o the_o parliament_n have_v give_v the_o ten_o part_n of_o the_o issue_n and_o profit_n of_o the_o land_n the_o case_n of_o the_o proxy_n in_o the_o irish_a report_n do_v in_o my_o opinion_n in_o reason_n resemble_v this_o case_n for_o the_o case_n be_v proxy_n case_n of_o proxy_n there_o that_o the_o bishop_n of_o meath_z in_o ireland_n have_v a_o proxy_n of_o fifteen_o shilling_n payable_a out_o of_o the_o commandry_n of_o kells_n than_o parcel_n of_o the_o possession_n of_o st._n john_n all_o which_o come_v to_o the_o crown_n by_o the_o dissolution_n of_o monastery_n in_o that_o kingdom_n and_o after_o the_o say_a bishop_n grant_v the_o say_v proxy_n to_o queen_n elizabeth_n and_o after_o q._n elizabeth_n make_v a_o lease_n of_o the_o commandry_n to_o dr._n forth_o reserve_v a_o yearly_a rent_n without_o mention_v the_o proxy_n and_o it_o be_v there_o resolve_v that_o doctor_n forth_o the_o lessee_n for_o year_n shall_v be_v at_o the_o charge_n to_o pay_v the_o say_a proxy_n with_o all_o the_o arrearage_n thereof_o which_o do_v incur_v in_o his_o time_n and_o so_o in_o the_o case_n of_o a_o rend_a charge_n the_o lessee_n be_v chargeable_a and_o he_o be_v to_o pay_v the_o tithe_n and_o the_o composition_n money_n due_a therefore_o so_o that_o these_o case_n sway_v strong_o against_o the_o lessee_n for_o year_n to_o lay_v the_o whole_a charge_n upon_o he_o and_o to_o exempt_v the_o lessor_n but_o yet_o we_o must_v here_o distinguish_v and_o make_v a_o difference_n between_o annual_a repair_n in_o ordinary_a thing_n and_o extraordinary_a repair_n for_o to_o furnish_v the_o defence_n with_o petty_a reparation_n they_o shall_v be_v lay_v only_o upon_o the_o lessee_n for_o year_n or_o for_o life_n but_o if_o a_o new_a wall_n bank_n or_o goat_n or_o sewer_n be_v to_o be_v build_v new_a and_o erect_v or_o if_o the_o ancient_a defence_n be_v decay_v in_o the_o main_a timber_n or_o in_o the_o principal_a part_n thereof_o here_o as_o well_o the_o lessor_n as_o the_o lessee_n shall_v be_v put_v to_o the_o charge_n for_o these_o thing_n be_v not_o ordinary_a and_o annual_a charge_n but_o do_v reach_n from_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o lease_n to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o inheritance_n as_o for_o petty_a reparation_n they_o be_v by_o intendment_n to_o continue_v but_o for_o a_o short_a time_n which_o be_v likely_a to_o be_v spend_v during_o the_o term_n and_o lease_n but_o these_o new_a defence_n be_v apparent_o do_v to_o save_v the_o inheritance_n and_o this_o difference_n hold_v good_a correspondency_n with_o other_o case_n in_o our_o law_n as_o in_o 49_o ed._n 3._o fol._n 1._o and_o 3_o eliz._n in_o dyer_n fol._n 198._o and_o in_o dier_n 49_o ed._n 3._o 3_o eliz._n dier_n that_o book_n again_o fol._n 134._o and_o in_o divers_a other_o book_n it_o be_v hold_v for_o law_n that_o if_o a_o house_n in_o lease_n decay_v in_o the_o groundsel_n post_n or_o balk_v in_o the_o great_a timber_n in_o direct_a wear_n by_o tract_n of_o time_n and_o not_o in_o default_n of_o the_o lessee_n the_o lessee_n may_v take_v and_o cut_v up_o timber_n grow_v on_o the_o ground_n lease_v to_o repair_v the_o same_o and_o the_o lessee_n shall_v be_v at_o charge_n of_o workmanship_n for_o the_o repair_n be_v in_o matter_n of_o right_n and_o do_v the_o lessee_n good_a during_o his_o lease_n and_o the_o lessor_n after_o the_o expiration_n thereof_o and_o because_o these_o great_a repair_v extend_v to_o both_o their_o good_n therefore_o they_o shall_v both_o be_v contributory_a thereto_o but_o if_o a_o house_n be_v decay_v in_o splint_v thack_n wall_v or_o in_o such_o
argument_n as_o i_o do_v my_o case_n that_o the_o new_a bank_n new_a river_n and_o old_a sewer_n be_v well_o decree_v but_o that_o the_o assess_v be_v void_a in_o toto_fw-la &_o in_fw-la qualibet_fw-la parte_fw-la finis_fw-la secundae_fw-la lecturae_fw-la lectura_fw-la tertia_fw-la in_o my_o two_o precede_a case_n the_o main_a body_n of_o this_o great_a law_n be_v contrive_v and_o therefore_o i_o take_v a_o great_a &_o large_a compass_n in_o my_o argument_n therein_o then_o otherwise_o i_o will_v have_v do_v and_o i_o be_o now_o come_v to_o the_o execution_n of_o these_o law_n wherein_o the_o life_n and_o livelihood_n of_o all_o law_n consist_v and_o it_o may_v well_o be_v say_v of_o execution_n as_o mr._n plowden_n in_o zouch_n and_o stowel_n case_n come_v blow_n come_v in_o his_o commentary_n fol._n 358._o say_v of_o a_o fine_a that_o it_o be_v finis_fw-la fructus_fw-la exitus_fw-la &_o effectus_fw-la legis_fw-la so_o be_v execution_n the_o fruit_n issue_n and_o end_n of_o the_o law_n and_o without_o it_o nothing_o be_v effectual_a and_o till_o it_o come_v nothing_o be_v material_a for_o to_o begin_v a_o suit_n and_o stay_v at_o the_o declaration_n be_v a_o fruitless_a enterprise_n and_o to_o proceed_v on_o to_o judgement_n and_o to_o go_v no_o further_o be_v like_o a_o traveller_n which_o undertake_v a_o journey_n and_o return_n or_o sit_v down_o without_o further_a move_a before_o he_o come_v at_o the_o end_n of_o his_o intend_a progress_n law_n as_o cicero_n say_v be_v but_o mutus_fw-la magistratus_fw-la the_o magistrate_n be_v lex_fw-la loquens_fw-la but_o i_o shall_v add_v something_o which_o cicero_n cicero_n upon_o the_o matter_n be_v the_o sum_n of_o all_o thing_n that_o be_v that_o executio_fw-la est_fw-la lex_fw-la agens_fw-la and_o because_o i_o esteem_v the_o time_n to_o be_v almost_o lose_v or_o misspend_v which_o be_v prologue_v out_o in_o preamble_n i_o will_v therefore_o now_o brief_o divide_v this_o part_n of_o this_o statute_n into_o these_o ensue_a head_n either_o in_o punish_v the_o body_n and_o person_n of_o the_o delinquent_n with_o imprisonment_n fine_a or_o amerciament_n or_o in_o do_v execution_n upon_o the_o offender_n good_n by_o distress_n or_o by_o the_o absolute_a sale_n thereof_o or_o otherwise_o in_o extend_v upon_o the_o real_a estate_n by_o charge_v the_o land_n in_o perpetuity_n or_o temporary_o or_o by_o the_o absolute_a sale_n thereof_o the_o true_a and_o due_a execution_n of_o all_o these_o in_o a_o just_a legal_a equal_a and_o qualify_a decree_n require_v of_o all_o other_o part_n of_o law_n this_o great_a and_o true_a discretion_n consideration_n wisdom_n and_o judgement_n of_o the_o commissioner_n and_o i_o take_v it_o it_o may_v stand_v as_o a_o ground_n infallible_a that_o there_o be_v as_o many_o degree_n of_o punishment_n as_o there_o be_v offence_n it_o behoove_v therefore_o the_o commissioner_n to_o be_v circumspect_a that_o they_o apply_v to_o every_o offence_n his_o due_a punishment_n for_o it_o be_v injustice_n to_o punish_v the_o offence_n commit_v in_o a_o wrong_a degree_n to_o pronounce_v a_o traitor_n judgement_n upon_o a_o felon_n or_o a_o felon_n judgement_n upon_o a_o traitor_n be_v grand_a misprision_n to_o imprison_v the_o body_n or_o to_o fine_a the_o person_n where_o a_o amerciament_n be_v only_o due_a be_v not_o only_a injustice_n in_o the_o commissioner_n but_o thereby_o also_o their_o discretion_n be_v to_o be_v draw_v in_o question_n and_o censure_v and_o see_v the_o statute_n do_v so_o much_o lie_v upon_o discretion_n of_o the_o commissioner_n as_o in_o many_o part_n of_o this_o law_n it_o be_v mention_v it_o seem_v the_o parliament_n do_v give_v they_o to_o understand_v that_o such_o as_o be_v to_o meddle_v in_o those_o affair_n shall_v be_v both_o discreet_a and_o wise_a and_o shall_v strive_v to_o become_v learn_v in_o those_o affair_n and_o therefore_o for_o the_o better_a furnish_n of_o they_o with_o the_o true_a understanding_n of_o the_o say_a part_n of_o this_o statute_n i_o have_v frame_v a_o case_n thereupon_o which_o do_v give_v just_a occasion_n to_o treat_v full_o of_o they_o all_o the_o three_o case_n a._n give_v the_o office_n of_o a_o ranger_n of_o a_o forest_n to_o which_o a_o manor_n be_v belong_v to_o i._o s._n &_o abnepti_n and_o to_o the_o heir_n male_n and_o female_n of_o their_o body_n in_o frank_a marriage_n and_o die_v b._n and_o c._n their_o legitimate_a son_n and_o daughter_n and_o d._n their_o bastard_n daughter_n enter_v and_o die_v in_o seisin_n and_o e._n her_o daughter_n enter_v the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n at_o a_o court_n make_v a_o law_n that_o a_o goat_n shall_v be_v repair_v and_o assess_v several_o a._n b._n c._n and_o e._n to_o do_v it_o upon_o surmise_n that_o they_o all_o have_v benefit_n b._n and_o c._n refuse_v to_o obey_v for_o which_o b._n be_v imprison_v and_o c._n be_v fine_v a._n and_o e._n tender_a plea_n of_o discharge_n which_o be_v refuse_v and_o they_o be_v several_o amerce_v and_o a_o law_n make_v that_o a._n shall_v be_v distrain_v and_o for_o nonpayment_n the_o distress_n to_o be_v sell_v without_o allowance_n of_o replevin_n and_o the_o interest_n of_o e._n shall_v be_v also_o sell_v because_o she_o have_v nothing_o to_o be_v distrain_v by_o i_o conclude_v the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n have_v do_v due_a justice_n upon_o the_o offender_n in_o every_o part_n of_o this_o law_n argumentum_fw-la lectoris_fw-la the_o passage_n of_o this_o case_n be_v both_o at_o the_o common_a law_n and_o by_o this_o statute_n the_o common_a law_n be_v the_o mean_n but_o the_o statute_n be_v the_o matter_n i_o must_v insist_v upon_o but_o see_v the_o statute_n law_n can_v receive_v no_o due_a construction_n but_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o common_a law_n i_o have_v therefore_o make_v a_o harmonial_a composition_n of_o they_o both_o in_o my_o case_n and_o i_o do_v distinguish_v and_o branch_v out_o my_o case_n into_o these_o ensue_a point_n point_n at_o the_o common_a law_n imprimis_fw-la whether_o this_o office_n may_v be_v entail_v or_o not_o second_o whether_o it_o be_v a_o ordinary_a entail_n or_o a_o frank-mariage_n three_o whether_o the_o bastard_n be_v inheritable_a to_o this_o estate_n or_o not_o point_n upon_o the_o statute_n first_o whether_o the_o commissioner_n have_v a_o court_n or_o only_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o commission_n without_o a_o court_n second_o whether_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n have_v power_n to_o imprison_v and_o to_o fine_a if_o so_o then_o whether_o they_o have_v well_o behave_v themselves_o in_o this_o case_n or_o not_o three_o whether_o this_o law_n do_v admit_v of_o any_o plea_n and_o especial_o of_o plea_n of_o discharge_n four_o whether_o the_o law_n make_v touch_v the_o distress_n be_v well_o make_v because_o it_o seem_v prima_fw-la fancy_n to_o oppose_v a_o main_a point_n of_o the_o common_a law_n in_o deny_v of_o replevin_n five_o and_o last_o if_o the_o law_n make_v for_o sale_n of_o land_n of_o tenement_n in_o tail_n be_v warrant_v by_o this_o statute_n or_o not_o these_o be_v the_o material_n of_o this_o case_n wherein_o you_o may_v perceive_v by_o the_o beginning_n what_o you_o be_v to_o expect_v in_o the_o sequel_n and_o conclusion_n of_o my_o argument_n these_o point_n upon_o the_o statute_n be_v of_o great_a consequence_n and_o importance_n and_o tend_v much_o into_o the_o power_n of_o these_o law_n in_o the_o handle_n whereof_o according_a to_o my_o wont_a fashion_n i_o intend_v to_o maintain_v the_o affirmative_n of_o my_o case_n first_o point_n i_o do_v not_o intend_v it_o a_o point_n of_o any_o importance_n in_o my_o case_n whether_o land_n may_v belong_v to_o a_o office_n for_o that_o in_o the_o 1_o h._n 7._o fol._n 28._o in_o sir_n robert_n crofts_n case_n it_o be_v resolve_v it_o may_v for_o there_o land_n do_v belong_v to_o the_o office_n 7._o 1_o h._n 7._o of_o a_o forester_n and_o may_v belong_v to_o the_o office_n of_o the_o warden_n of_o the_o fleet_n and_o also_o to_o a_o corody_n which_o be_v no_o office_n and_o these_o as_o well_o as_o to_o a_o spiritual_a office_n parson_n vicar_n prebend_n or_o such_o like_a but_o whether_o or_o no_o these_o land_n may_v be_v part_v from_o the_o office_n by_o alienation_n i_o think_v that_o a_o argumentable_a point_n in_o 6_o h._n 8._o dyer_n f._n 2._o empsons_n case_n it_o be_v say_v 8._o 6_o h._n 8._o if_o the_o king_n create_v a_o duke_n &_o grant_v to_o he_o a_o anuity_n to_o maintain_v his_o dignity_n that_o annuity_n be_v so_o incident_a to_o his_o dignity_n as_o it_o can_v not_o be_v sever_v therefrom_o and_o so_o of_o land_n belong_v to_o a_o parson_n vicar_n bishop_n or_o such_o like_a because_o they_o be_v give_v to_o the_o maintenance_n of_o they_o in_o their_o place_n and_o therefore_o if_o these_o be_v sever_v they_o may_v be_v recontinue_a
perpetual_a charge_n by_o any_o power_n or_o authority_n give_v by_o this_o statute_n but_o in_o the_o say_a case_n of_o romney_n marsh_n the_o custom_n there_o maintain_v this_o point_n yet_o not_o a_o bene_fw-la verba_fw-la huius_fw-la statuti_fw-la which_o be_v these_o viz._n and_o to_o make_v and_o ordain_v statute_n ordinance_n and_o provision_n from_o time_n to_o time_n as_o the_o case_n shall_v require_v for_o the_o safeguard_n conservation_n redress_n correction_n or_o reformation_n of_o the_o premise_n and_o every_o of_o they_o and_o the_o party_n liable_a to_o the_o same_o necessary_a and_o behooveful_a after_o the_o law_n &_o custom_n of_o romney_n marsh_n in_o the_o county_n of_o kent_n or_o otherwise_o by_o any_o way_n or_o mean_n after_o their_o own_o wisdom_n and_o discretion_n these_o be_v the_o word_n and_o this_o be_v the_o clause_n which_o must_v make_v good_a this_o perpetual_a charge_n for_o that_o it_o do_v former_o appear_v that_o such_o like_a law_n and_o custom_n there_o be_v in_o romney_n marsh_n as_o this_o be_v and_o therefore_o i_o may_v conclude_v this_o point_n that_o the_o commissioner_n in_o imitation_n of_o the_o say_a ordinance_n of_o romney_n marsh_n may_v make_v decree_n to_o bind_v land_n to_o perpetual_a charge_n yet_o sir_n edward_n cook_n in_o keighlies_n case_n set_v it_o down_o as_o resolve_v that_o the_o several_a commissioner_n of_o sewer_n throughout_o all_o england_n be_v not_o bind_v to_o pursue_v the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o romney_n marsh_n but_o in_o case_n where_o some_o particular_a place_n within_o their_o commission_n have_v such_o law_n &_o custom_n as_o romney_n marsh_n have_v there_o they_o may_v pursue_v they_o but_o in_o my_o own_o opinion_n the_o commissioner_n may_v if_o they_o please_v make_v ordinance_n and_o law_n like_v to_o those_o of_o romney_n marsh_n where_o there_o have_v not_o be_v any_o such_o use_n and_o the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n as_o i_o take_v it_o will_v bear_v that_o construction_n and_o the_o say_a opinion_n of_o sir_n edward_n cook_n be_v not_o direct_o against_o this_o and_o upon_o decree_n for_o sale_n of_o land_n it_o be_v usual_a in_o these_o decree_n to_o bind_v those_o land_n to_o the_o perpetual_a repair_n sales_n of_o land_n the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n which_o be_v make_v for_o sale_n of_o land_n be_v these_o provide_v always_o that_o if_o any_o person_n or_o person_n be_v assess_v or_o tax_v to_o any_o lot_n or_o charge_n for_o any_o land_n tenement_n or_o hereditament_n within_o the_o limit_n of_o any_o commission_n hereafter_o to_o be_v direct_v do_v not_o pay_v the_o say_a lot_n and_o charge_n according_a to_o the_o order_n and_o assignment_n of_o the_o commissioner_n have_v power_n of_o the_o execution_n of_o the_o say_a commission_n etc._n etc._n by_o reason_n whereof_o if_o it_o shall_v happen_v the_o say_a commissioner_n for_o lack_v of_o payment_n of_o such_o lot_n &_o charge_n to_o decree_n and_o ordain_v the_o say_a land_n and_o tenement_n from_o the_o owner_n or_o owner_n thereof_o and_o their_o heir_n and_o the_o heir_n of_o every_o of_o they_o to_o any_o person_n or_o person_n for_o term_n of_o year_n term_v of_o life_n fee_fw-mi simple_a or_o fee_n tail_n for_o payment_n of_o the_o same_o lot_n and_o charge_n then_o every_o such_o decree_n and_o ordinance_n so_o by_o they_o ingross_v into_o parchment_n and_o certify_v under_o their_o seal_n into_o the_o king_n court_n of_o chancery_n with_o the_o king_n royal_a assent_n have_v to_o the_o same_o shall_v bind_v all_o and_o every_o person_n and_o person_n that_o at_o the_o make_n of_o the_o same_o decree_n have_v any_o interest_n in_o such_o land_n tenement_n and_o hereditament_n in_o use_n possession_n reversion_n or_o remainder_n their_o heir_n and_o feoffee_n and_o every_o of_o they_o and_o not_o to_o be_v in_o any_o wise_a reform_a unless_o it_o be_v by_o authority_n in_o parliament_n hereafter_o to_o be_v summon_v and_o hold_v within_o the_o realm_n and_o also_o that_o the_o same_o law_n ordinance_n and_o decree_n to_o be_v make_v and_o ordain_v by_o the_o commissioner_n or_o any_o six_o of_o they_o by_o authority_n of_o the_o say_a commission_n shall_v bind_v as_o well_o the_o land_n tenement_n and_o hereditament_n of_o our_o sovereign_n the_o king_n as_o all_z and_o every_o other_o person_n and_o person_n and_o their_o heir_n and_o such_o their_o interest_n as_o they_o shall_v fortune_n to_o have_v in_o any_o land_n tenement_n and_o hereditament_n or_o other_o casual_a profit_n advantage_n or_o commodity_n whatsoever_o they_o be_v whereunto_o the_o say_v law_n ordinance_n and_o decree_n shall_v in_o any_o wise_a extend_v according_a to_o the_o true_a purport_n meaning_n and_o intent_n of_o the_o say_a law_n this_o clause_n or_o proviso_n be_v strange_o place_v in_o this_o statute_n as_o if_o this_o statute_n have_v not_o be_v the_o first_o father_n of_o it_o and_o as_o if_o this_o law_n have_v make_v some_o addition_n to_o a_o former_a law_n but_o i_o take_v it_o that_o this_o statute_n be_v and_o be_v the_o first_o and_o only_a law_n which_o give_v sale_n of_o land_n in_o case_n of_o sewer_n and_o this_o clause_n stand_v upon_o these_o four_o pillar_n imprimis_fw-la for_o what_o cause_n land_n may_v be_v sell_v by_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n second_o what_o land_n be_v to_o be_v sell_v within_o these_o law_n three_o what_o person_n what_o estate_n and_o interest_n be_v to_o be_v bind_v thereby_o four_o to_o what_o person_n these_o land_n may_v be_v sell_v or_o decree_v the_o statute_n be_v if_o any_o person_n sess_v do_v not_o pay_v whereby_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o land_n be_v to_o be_v sell_v for_o sess_v and_o charge_v impose_v by_o the_o commissioner_n which_o lie_v in_o payment_n only_o and_o they_o may_v not_o be_v decree_v away_o for_o any_o other_o cause_n or_o matter_n and_o therefore_o if_o one_o hold_v his_o land_n to_o repair_v a_o wall_n bank_n sewer_n or_o other_o work_n of_o sewer_n and_o he_o neglect_v to_o repair_v the_o same_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n can_v for_o this_o cause_n decree_v the_o land_n away_o from_o the_o owner_n because_o this_o charge_n lie_v not_o in_o payment_n and_o i_o can_v gather_v out_o of_o the_o word_n of_o this_o statute_n that_o land_n can_v be_v decree_v for_o any_o cause_n then_o for_o nonpayment_n of_o a_o lot_n sess_n or_o charge_n by_o reason_n this_o word_n payment_n be_v reiterated_a three_o or_o four_o time_n in_o this_o branch_n of_o the_o statute_n and_o no_o other_o word_n be_v couple_v with_o it_o to_o infer_v any_o other_o or_o large_a exposition_n if_o i._o s._n do_v hold_v his_o land_n of_o the_o lord_n of_o a_o manor_n by_o the_o payment_n of_o twenty_o shilling_n yearly_a or_o other_o sum_n towards_o the_o repair_n of_o a_o work_n of_o sewer_n and_o he_o do_v neglect_v to_o pay_v the_o same_o whereby_o the_o work_n be_v unrepaired_a although_o this_o be_v a_o charge_n which_o lie_v in_o payment_n yet_o because_o it_o grow_v due_a by_o tenure_n by_o the_o common_a law_n and_o be_v not_o impose_v by_o the_o force_n of_o this_o statute_n therefore_o the_o land_n of_o i._o s._n can_v be_v decree_v from_o he_o by_o the_o nonpayment_n thereof_o by_o the_o tenor_n and_o virtue_n of_o this_o law_n of_o sewer_n but_o if_o the_o land_n of_o one_o be_v general_o charge_v to_o repair_v such_o a_o wall_n or_o other_o work_n of_o sewer_n by_o prescription_n covenant_n or_o otherwise_o and_o the_o commissioner_n impose_v a_o sesse_v and_o rate_v upon_o he_o to_o repair_v it_o and_o he_o do_v not_o there_o in_o this_o case_n although_o the_o charge_n be_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o common_a law_n yet_o because_o the_o sesse_v and_o rate_n be_v set_v upon_o he_o by_o the_o power_n of_o this_o statute_n i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o for_o neglect_v of_o payment_n the_o say_a land_n may_v be_v sell_v by_o the_o decree_n of_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n so_o if_o one_o do_v hold_v his_o land_n for_o the_o payment_n of_o twenty_o shilling_n to_o repair_v a_o bank_n and_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n do_v order_v the_o party_n to_o pay_v the_o twenty_o shilling_n at_o a_o time_n by_o they_o prescribe_v not_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o usual_a day_n of_o payment_n and_o he_o do_v neglect_v to_o pay_v the_o commissioner_n may_v decree_v his_o land_n from_o he_o because_o this_o charge_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o say_a order_n have_v get_v the_o force_n and_o power_n of_o this_o statute_n if_o a_o charge_n be_v general_o lay_v upon_o a_o township_n hundred_o or_o rape_n which_o be_v not_o pay_v according_a to_o the_o commissioner_n order_n no_o land_n can_v be_v decree_v in_o this_o case_n because_o no_o person_n or_o land_n be_v in_o this_o case_n particular_o charge_v and_o the_o
decree_n of_o the_o sale_n must_v be_v direct_v by_o and_o depend_v upon_o the_o sesse_v but_o if_o after_o the_o general_n sesse_v be_v lay_v the_o same_o be_v after_o assess_v upon_o particular_a person_n by_o particular_a sum_n by_o the_o say_a commissioner_n then_o upon_o default_n of_o payment_n their_o land_n make_v default_n may_v be_v decree_v from_o they_o by_o the_o power_n of_o this_o statute_n if_o a_o assess_v or_o charge_v of_o payment_n be_v lay_v upon_o certain_a land_n without_o mention_v the_o owner_n the_o land_n can_v be_v decree_v from_o he_o by_o this_o law_n for_o the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n be_v that_o if_o any_o person_n or_o person_n assess_v to_o any_o lot_n or_o charge_n do_v not_o pay_v so_o that_o i_o shall_v take_v it_o that_o no_o decree_n for_o sale_n of_o land_n can_v be_v make_v but_o where_o there_o be_v a_o person_n certain_o assess_v by_o name_n land_n can_v be_v decree_v away_o from_o the_o owner_n for_o default_n of_o payment_n of_o fines_n amerciament_n or_o pain_n for_o though_o these_o be_v sum_n of_o money_n or_o charge_n impose_v by_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n of_o person_n certain_a for_o matter_n touch_v these_o law_n yet_o because_o they_o be_v not_o sess_v or_o rate_v towards_o the_o repair_n of_o any_o work_n of_o sewer_n but_o be_v set_v upon_o the_o party_n as_o mulct_n and_o punishment_n and_o be_v due_a to_o the_o king_n therefore_o no_o decree_n of_o land_n can_v be_v make_v for_o any_o of_o they_o now_o the_o second_o part_n of_o this_o clause_n be_v what_o land_n may_v be_v decree_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o say_a statute_n and_o thereby_o it_o appear_v they_o must_v be_v such_o land_n as_o lie_v and_o be_v within_o the_o power_n of_o this_o commission_n of_o sewer_n and_o herein_o rest_v a_o difference_n between_o the_o case_n of_o a_o distress_n for_o a_o sesse_v which_o may_v be_v take_v in_o any_o place_n within_o this_o realm_n and_o the_o decree_n of_o sale_n of_o land_n for_o nonpayment_n of_o a_o sesse_v which_o must_v lie_v within_o the_o bound_n and_o extent_n of_o the_o commission_n for_o this_o distress_n be_v circumscribe_v to_o the_o extent_n of_o the_o statute_n which_o be_v over_o the_o whole_a realm_n and_o the_o sale_n be_v tie_v to_o the_o limit_n of_o the_o commission_n and_o i_o be_o also_o of_o opinion_n that_o no_o land_n can_v be_v sell_v away_o by_o the_o decree_n of_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n but_o such_o as_o be_v charge_v with_o the_o sesse_v if_o one_o hold_v his_o land_n in_o comitat_fw-la '_o eborum_fw-la to_o repair_v a_o sea-bank_n in_o the_o county_n of_o lincoln_n and_o the_o owner_n be_v assess_v therefore_o and_o make_v default_n of_o payment_n the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n in_o the_o county_n of_o lincoln_n may_v give_v warrant_n to_o distrain_v for_o this_o sesse_v in_o the_o county_n of_o york_n but_o they_o can_v decree_v away_o by_o sale_n those_o land_n lie_v there_o which_o be_v charge_v with_o the_o sesse_v a_o copyholder_n land_n can_v be_v decree_v against_o he_o by_o this_o law_n for_o if_o it_o may_v than_o these_o customary_a land_n shall_v be_v transfer_v from_o one_o to_o another_o contrary_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o manor_n whereof_o they_o be_v parcel_n and_o it_o will_v infringe_v that_o rule_n which_o be_v deliver_v in_o heidons_n case_n case_n heidons_n case_n in_o cook_n 3_o report_n which_o be_v when_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n do_v alter_v the_o service_n tenure_n and_o interest_n of_o the_o land_n or_o other_o thing_n in_o prejudice_n of_o the_o lord_n or_o of_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o manor_n or_o of_o the_o tenant_n there_o the_o general_a word_n of_o such_o a_o statute_n do_v not_o extend_v to_o copyhold_n and_o in_o this_o case_n if_o any_o sale_n shall_v be_v make_v by_o the_o commissioner_n all_o the_o say_a rule_n shall_v be_v infringe_v for_o it_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o custom_n to_o pass_v these_o land_n without_o surrender_n it_o be_v in_o prejudice_n of_o the_o lord_n to_o have_v copyhold-land_n pass_v and_o he_o to_o have_v no_o fine_a and_o i_o be_o likewise_o of_o opinion_n that_o the_o freehold_a of_o these_o land_n can_v not_o be_v pass_v away_o for_o a_o sesse_v or_o a_o lay_n because_o the_o lord_n have_v but_o the_o shadow_n and_o the_o copyholder_n have_v the_o substance_n but_o if_o the_o lord_n rent_n of_o assize_n shall_v be_v assess_v as_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v and_o he_o do_v neglect_v to_o pay_v than_o these_o rent_n may_v be_v decree_v from_o he_o and_o so_o may_v all_o other_o land_n tenement_n and_o hereditament_n decree_v in_o respect_n whereof_o one_o be_v sessable_a and_o sess_v by_o the_o law_n the_o three_o branch_n of_o this_o clause_n be_v the_o direct_a point_n in_o my_o case_n viz._n what_o person_n &_o what_o estate_n be_v bind_v by_o these_o decree_n and_o first_o of_o the_o heir_n in_o tail_n whether_o they_o be_v bind_v by_o a_o decree_n make_v against_o the_o donee_n in_o tail_n their_o ancestor_n be_v the_o question_n in_o the_o handle_n whereof_o i_o hold_v it_o sit_v to_o show_v in_o what_o case_n the_o heir_n in_o tail_n have_v be_v bind_v by_o the_o act_n of_o their_o ancestor_n and_o the_o reason_n and_o cause_n thereof_o and_o therefore_o if_o a_o disseisor_n make_v a_o gift_n in_o tail_n and_o the_o donee_n in_o tail_n grant_v a_o rent_n to_o the_o dissessee_n for_o release_v of_o his_o right_n this_o will_v bind_v the_o heir_n in_o tail_n for_o that_o by_o this_o release_n his_o estate_n which_o before_o be_v defeisable_v be_v now_o confirm_v as_o by_o the_o book_n of_o 44_o ed._n 3._o 22._o and_o 20_o ed._n 4._o 13._o 3._o 44_o ed._n 3._o 20_o ed._n 4._o 46_o ed._n 3._o appear_v and_o so_o in_o 46_o ed._n 3._o a_o gift_n in_o tail_n be_v make_v ita_fw-la quod_fw-la the_o donee_n may_v alien_n to_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o heir_n in_o tail_n and_o and_o this_o by_o judge_n welbey_n be_v hold_v a_o condition_n which_o bind_v the_o heir_n in_o tail_n for_o his_o benefit_n and_o in_o 12._o ed._n 4._o 1._o tregouse_n and_o taltarm_n case_n be_v that_o a_o recovery_n against_o tenant_n 4._o 12_o ed._n 4._o in_o tail_n with_o a_o voucher_n by_o he_o over_o do_v bind_v the_o heir_n in_o tail_n by_o the_o common_a law_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o intend_a recompense_n which_o be_v to_o come_v to_o he_o by_o the_o voucher_n and_o so_o a_o lineal_a warranty_n with_o asset_n and_o a_o collateral_a warranty_n without_o asset_n be_v and_o be_v both_o of_o they_o bar_n to_o the_o issue_n by_o reason_n also_o of_o the_o intend_a recompense_n and_o these_o be_v thing_n which_o be_v original_o tie_v to_o those_o estate_n and_o be_v incident_n to_o they_o ab_fw-la initio_fw-la and_o therefore_o this_o shall_v suffice_v to_o treat_v of_o bar_n to_o the_o issue_n in_o tail_n by_o the_o common_a law_n and_o now_o i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o show_v in_o what_o case_n they_o be_v bar_v of_o their_o estate_n by_o the_o statute_n of_o this_o realm_n by_o the_o statute_n of_o 16_o r._n 2._o cap._n 5._o the_o land_n and_o tenement_n 2._o 16_o r._n 2._o of_o one_o attaint_n in_o a_o praemunire_n be_v to_o be_v forfeit_v to_o the_o king_n and_o in_o 21_o eliz._n one_o trudgin_n be_v tenant_n in_o tail_n el._n 11_o el._n and_o be_v attaint_v in_o a_o praemunire_n and_o the_o question_n be_v whether_o entail_v land_n be_v forfeit_v against_o the_o issue_n in_o tail_n or_o not_o and_o in_o doctor_n forster_n case_n in_o cook_n 11_o report_n rep._n c._n 11_o rep._n it_o be_v there_o say_v to_o be_v resolve_v that_o the_o general_a word_n of_o that_o statute_n do_v not_o repeal_v the_o statute_n of_o westminster_n 2._o of_o entail_v and_o so_o the_o forfeiture_n be_v there_o resolve_v to_o continue_v but_o for_o the_o life_n of_o trudgin_n and_o do_v not_o bind_v the_o issue_n in_o tail_n a_o judgement_n in_o debt_n against_o tenant_n in_o tail_n or_o if_o he_o be_v bind_v in_o a_o statute_n or_o in_o a_o recognizance_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o statute_n the_o land_n entail_v be_v not_o extendable_a nor_o to_o be_v hold_v in_o extent_n by_o the_o statute_n of_o westminster_n 2._o acton_n burnel_n or_o by_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr mercatoribus_fw-la by_o any_o of_o the_o general_a word_n of_o these_o law_n but_o the_o statute_n of_o 33_o h._n 8._o cap._n 39_o by_o express_a word_n bind_v the_o heir_n in_o tail_n for_o their_o land_n 8._o 23_o h._n 8._o who_o ancestor_n stand_v indebt_v to_o the_o king_n by_o judgement_n recognizance_n obligation_n or_o other_o specialty_n but_o the_o statute_n of_o 26_o h._n 8._o cap._n 13._o enact_n that_o every_o 8._o 26_o h._n 8._o one_o which_o shall_v be_v
attaint_v of_o treason_n shall_v forfeit_v the_o land_n whereof_o he_o be_v seize_v of_o any_o estate_n of_o inheritance_n and_o by_o this_o statute_n entail_v land_n be_v forfeit_v and_o the_o word_n of_o any_o estate_n of_o inheritance_n be_v the_o word_n which_o give_v that_o forfeiture_n the_o one_o in_o fee_n simple_a the_o other_o in_o fee_n tail_n and_o the_o word_n any_o presuppose_v more_o estate_n of_o inheritance_n than_o one_o but_o whether_o a_o decree_n of_o sale_n of_o land_n make_v by_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n shall_v bind_v the_o heir_n in_o tail_n be_v the_o point_n of_o my_o case_n and_o in_o my_o opinion_n i_o think_v they_o shall_v be_v bar_v for_o the_o cause_n and_o reason_n follow_v first_o the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o sewer_n be_v that_o such_o a_o decree_n shall_v bind_v all_o and_o every_o person_n and_o person_n that_o at_o the_o make_n of_o the_o same_o decree_n have_v any_o interest_n in_o such_o land_n tenement_n &_o hereditament_n in_o uso_n possession_n remainder_n or_o reversion_n their_o heir_n and_o assign_v so_o that_o by_o express_a word_n it_o bind_v the_o heir_n and_o it_o will_v have_v bind_v the_o heir_n of_o a_o tenant_n in_o fee_n simple_a without_o the_o word_n heir_n express_v in_o the_o statute_n therefore_o the_o word_n heir_n need_v not_o but_o only_o for_o the_o bind_n of_o the_o heir_n in_o tail_n also_o if_o these_o land_n be_v charge_v by_o prescription_n as_o many_o land_n be_v than_o be_v the_o land_n original_o bind_v and_o the_o heir_n in_o tail_n stand_v charge_v with_o these_o sess_v as_o well_o as_o land_n in_o fee_n simple_a and_o last_o this_o be_v a_o law_n enact_v for_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o commonweal_n and_o be_v more_o to_o be_v favour_v then_o particular_a estate_n of_o heir_n in_o tail_n but_o the_o case_n of_o the_o praemunire_n be_v penal_a in_o point_n of_o a_o forfeiture_n which_o be_v to_o be_v strict_o take_v for_o the_o king_n and_o favourable_o for_o the_o subject_n and_o therefore_o in_o my_o opinion_n the_o heir_n in_o tail_n shall_v be_v bind_v in_o these_o case_n of_o sale_n and_o the_o rather_o because_o they_o be_v within_o the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n videlicet_fw-la heir_n general_o put_v which_o extend_v to_o heir_n in_o tail_n as_o well_o as_o to_o heir_n in_o fee_n simple_a and_o because_o the_o sesse_v and_o charge_n shall_v bind_v both_o alike_o so_o in_o my_o opinion_n the_o sale_n shall_v bind_v both_o in_o regard_n the_o sale_n depend_v upon_o the_o charge_n and_o sesse_v if_o a_o prebend_n parson_n or_o vicar_n dean_n bishop_n or_o such_o like_a which_o be_v seize_v of_o land_n in_o their_o politic_a capacity_n be_v sess_v to_o repair_v of_o work_n of_o sewer_n their_o land_n can_v be_v decree_v away_o from_o they_o in_o such_o sort_n as_o to_o bind_v their_o successor_n for_o as_o this_o statute_n of_o sewer_n extend_v to_o bind_v land_n by_o decree_n in_o perpetuity_n so_o the_o statute_n of_o 1_o and_o 13_o and_o 14_o eliz._n restrain_v alienation_n and_o where_o those_o statute_n restrain_v they_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o this_o general_a statute_n of_o sewer_n do_v not_o dispense_v with_o those_o statute_n in_o croft_n case_n crofts_n and_o howel_n case_n and_o howel_n case_v in_o blow_n comment_fw-fr a_o fine_a with_o proclamation_n and_o non-claim_a by_o five_o year_n do_v bind_v the_o corporation_n of_o the_o mystery_n of_o the_o cook_n in_o london_n for_o their_o right_n in_o land_n and_o so_o all_o other_o corporation_n which_o be_v absolute_a of_o themselves_o and_o need_v not_o the_o assent_n of_o any_o other_o as_o major_n and_o commonalty_n dean_n and_o chapter_n master_n and_o fellow_n of_o college_n but_o the_o law_n be_v otherwise_o of_o parson_n vicar_n prebend_n and_o such_o like_a and_o the_o like_a exposition_n do_v i_o make_v of_o they_o in_o this_o statute_n of_o sewer_n but_o i_o will_v here_o make_v a_o distinction_n i_o be_o notwithstanding_o of_o opinion_n that_o the_o parson_n vicar_n prebend_n and_o such_o like_a for_o their_o own_o neglect_n be_v bind_v during_o their_o time_n but_o not_o their_o successor_n after_o they_o and_o note_v this_o statute_n though_o it_o mention_v heir_n yet_o it_o do_v not_o at_o all_o mention_n successor_n which_o be_v worthy_a of_o consideration_n also_o and_o in_o my_o opinion_n this_o statute_n as_o to_o decree_n to_o be_v make_v of_o land_n will_v bind_v woman_n covert_a baron_n infant_n person_n that_o be_v non_fw-la sanae_fw-la mentis_fw-la and_o such_o like_a because_o it_o be_v a_o law_n make_v for_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o so_o it_o be_v hold_v in_o zouche_n case_n in_o the_o com._n that_o the_o statute_n of_o 4_o h._n 7._o of_o fine_n have_v bind_v infant_n idiot_n and_o woman_n court_v baron_n have_v they_o not_o be_v except_v in_o that_o statute_n a_o forciori_fw-la case_n zouch_v case_n shall_v they_o be_v comprise_v in_o this_o statute_n for_o the_o statute_n of_o fine_n be_v make_v for_o the_o peace_n of_o the_o weal-public_a but_o the_o statute_n of_o sewer_n be_v make_v for_o the_o safety_n thereof_o if_o there_o be_v two_o tenant_n in_o common_a which_o be_v sess_v towards_o the_o repair_n of_o a_o wall_n bank_n or_o such_o like_a work_n of_o sewer_n and_o one_o of_o they_o do_v neglect_v to_o pay_v his_o proportionable_a part_n whether_o commissioner_n may_v decree_v a_o moiety_n without_o partition_n both_o of_o the_o sesse_v and_o land_n be_v a_o question_n for_o their_o estate_n be_v several_a though_o there_o be_v a_o community_n in_o take_v of_o the_o profit_n and_o therefore_o the_o matter_n be_v whether_o the_o assess_v shall_v attend_v upon_o the_o possession_n which_o be_v in_o common_a or_o upon_o their_o estate_n which_o be_v several_a and_o although_o commissioner_n in_o assess_v be_v not_o bind_v to_o take_v notice_n of_o their_o estate_n yet_o if_o they_o take_v upon_o they_o to_o decree_v a_o man_n land_n from_o he_o they_o be_v then_o to_o take_v notice_n of_o his_o estate_n and_o of_o all_o other_o circumstance_n necessary_o depend_v thereupon_o in_o 22_o h._n 6._o fol._n 12._o if_o a_o trespass_n be_v do_v upon_o land_n which_o be_v hold_v in_o common_a they_o be_v to_o join_v in_o a_o action_n but_o if_o one_o of_o they_o die_v that_o action_n shall_v survive_v for_o though_o they_o be_v joint_a in_o the_o personalty_n yet_o they_o disjoin_v in_o the_o realty_n and_o if_o two_o tenant_n in_o common_a of_o land_n join_v in_o a_o grant_n of_o ten_o pound_n rend_v charge_v out_o of_o their_o land_n the_o grantee_n shall_v have_v ten_o pound_n yearly_a of_o either_o by_o the_o opinion_n of_o mr._n perkins_n but_o if_o a_o sesse_v of_o ten_o pound_n be_v lay_v and_o impose_v upon_o they_o by_o this_o law_n of_o sewer_n this_o sesse_v shall_v not_o double_a as_o the_o rent_n shall_v yet_o in_o this_o case_n of_o a_o joint_n assess_v impose_v upon_o tenant_n in_o common_a and_o one_o will_v pay_v his_o moiety_n and_o his_o companion_n refuse_v the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n can_v sell_v a_o moiety_n of_o the_o land_n for_o that_o it_o be_v a_o joint_n sess_v and_o be_v not_o impose_v by_o moiety_n and_o the_o sale_n do_v depend_v upon_o the_o sess_v and_o all_o may_v not_o be_v sell_v for_o that_o one_o tenant_n in_o common_a can_v prejudice_v his_o companion_n in_o thing_n of_o realty_n the_o four_o matter_n be_v to_o who_o land_n may_v be_v decree_v by_o this_o law_n for_o by_o the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o commissioner_n have_v power_n to_o decree_v land_n for_o default_n of_o payment_n for_o year_n for_o life_n in_o tail_n or_o in_o fee_n simple_a whereby_o the_o law_n intend_v they_o shall_v make_v their_o decree_n for_o sale_n according_a to_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o sess_v and_o so_o shall_v use_v moderation_n in_o the_o estate_n they_o make_v or_o sell_v therefore_o and_o it_o be_v not_o intend_v they_o shall_v sell_v the_o feesimple_n away_o for_o sess_v which_o may_v be_v satisfy_v with_o the_o make_n of_o a_o less_o estate_n and_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o this_o decree_n do_v make_v the_o estate_n with_o the_o help_n of_o this_o statute_n according_a to_o the_o limitation_n which_o shall_v therein_o be_v declare_v and_o that_o the_o party_n shall_v have_v estate_n according_a as_o the_o same_o be_v thereby_o limit_v unto_o he_o and_o this_o be_v no_o equitable_a decree_n which_o bind_v the_o person_n only_o as_o chancery_n decree_v be_v but_o it_o bind_v the_o land_n and_o therefore_o the_o commissioner_n may_v not_o decree_v land_n to_o a_o corporation_n as_o to_o a_o major_a and_o commonalty_n dean_n and_o chapter_n or_o such_o like_a which_o be_v mortmain_n for_o the_o general_a word_n of_o this_o statute_n
disposition_n and_o of_o good_a estate_n shall_v be_v put_v into_o these_o commission_n of_o sewer_n the_o statute_n do_v make_v choice_n of_o four_o honourable_a person_n to_o have_v and_o take_v the_o nomination_n of_o such_o as_o shall_v for_o their_o integrity_n learning_n wealth_n wisdom_n and_o experience_n be_v worthy_a to_o be_v put_v into_o this_o commission_n and_o therefore_o the_o lord_n chancellor_n lord_n treasurer_n and_o the_o two_o lord_n chief_a justice_n for_o the_o time_n be_v have_v by_o this_o statute_n the_o nomination_n of_o our_o commissioner_n but_o as_o these_o great_a person_n of_o honour_n by_o their_o high_a place_n be_v most_o common_o busy_v in_o matter_n of_o great_a importance_n they_o many_o time_n refer_v these_o matter_n to_o other_o by_o mean_n whereof_o divers_a person_n in_o some_o country_n have_v of_o late_a year_n creep_v into_o commission_n which_o this_o statute_n do_v not_o allow_v of_o which_o do_v not_o only_o want_v knowledge_n and_o experience_n but_o which_o be_v also_o transport_v and_o carry_v away_o with_o selfwill_n and_o serve_v most_o common_o to_o make_v a_o faction_n of_o the_o great_a number_n to_o carry_v away_o business_n when_o the_o grave_a and_o wise_a sort_n be_v force_v be_v overload_v with_o popular_a voice_n to_o give_v way_n to_o run_v into_o contrary_a course_n and_o be_v make_v to_o surcease_v from_o make_v good_a and_o wholesome_a law_n and_o ordinance_n and_o sometime_o be_v as_o it_o be_v force_v to_o agree_v to_o those_o which_o be_v who_o even_o as_o the_o roman_a dictator_n fabius_n have_v join_v to_o he_o the_o froward_a minutius_n be_v by_o the_o violent_a stream_n of_o his_o colleague_n so_o cross_v and_o oversway_v not_o out_o of_o judgement_n but_o selfwill_n that_o he_o be_v force_v to_o give_v way_n to_o minutius_n frowardness_n though_o it_o tend_v almost_o to_o the_o hazard_n and_o the_o overthrow_n of_o the_o whole_a roman_a army_n and_o because_o the_o commissioner_n be_v the_o person_n through_o who_o hand_n the_o execution_n of_o all_o these_o law_n must_v pass_v i_o think_v it_o therefore_o very_o convenient_a to_o take_v into_o examination_n this_o part_n of_o the_o statute_n which_o touch_n and_o concern_v they_o and_o i_o intend_v to_o purge_v the_o commission_n of_o such_o of_o they_o as_o these_o law_n have_v disalow_v and_o to_o that_o purpose_n i_o have_v frame_v this_o ensue_a case_n which_o i_o take_v it_o will_v give_v we_o occasion_n to_o call_v they_o all_o into_o question_n and_o to_o sever_v the_o just_a from_o the_o unjust_a the_o sufficient_a from_o the_o unsufficient_a and_o the_o learned_a from_o the_o illiterate_a the_o case_n a._n demise_v to_o b._n and_o c._n land_n of_o the_o yearly_a value_n of_o sixty_o pound_n cum_fw-la stauro_fw-la of_o the_o value_n of_o two_o hundred_o pound_n for_o their_o life_n the_o remainder_n to_o d._n a_o free_a citizen_n of_o lincoln_n b._n and_o d._n disseise_v c._n of_o the_o land_n and_o take_v the_o stock_n c._n release_v to_o d._n the_o good_n absolute_o and_o the_o land_n upon_o condition_n d._n die_v in_o exile_n e._n his_o son_n and_o heir_n enter_v b._n and_o c._n who_o enter_v for_o the_o condition_n break_v e_o and_o francis_n countess_n dowager_n of_o warwick_n and_o three_o other_o commissioner_n of_o the_o quorum_fw-la of_o sewer_n make_v a_o law_n to_o raise_v a_o be_v erect_v upon_o a_o river_n navigable_a at_o the_o cost_n of_o the_o party_n because_o it_o hinder_v the_o current_n of_o water_n my_o conclusion_n be_v that_o here_o be_v competent_a commissioner_n in_o number_n and_o in_o estate_n which_o make_v this_o law_n and_o that_o this_o law_n be_v well_o decree_v within_o this_o statute_n the_o case_n i_o do_v distribute_v in_o these_o point_n viz._n three_o at_o the_o common_a law_n and_o four_o upon_o this_o statute_n the_o point_n i_o intend_v by_o the_o common_a law_n be_v these_o first_o whether_o the_o sixty_o pound_n stock_n can_v be_v demise_v and_o let_v for_o life_n with_o the_o remainder_n over_o as_o this_o case_n be_v second_o whereas_o b._n and_o c._n be_v two_o joyntenant_n in_o possession_n whether_o one_o of_o the_o joyntenant_n and_o a_o stranger_n can_v so_o disseise_v the_o other_o joyntenant_fw-fr as_o to_o transfer_v thereby_o a_o interest_n and_o estate_n to_o the_o stranger_n three_o because_o the_o release_n depend_v upon_o the_o disseisin_n the_o question_n be_v in_o what_o manner_n it_o do_v inure_v and_o whether_o it_o shall_v expel_v b._n out_o of_o that_o moiety_n because_o it_o be_v make_v to_o the_o stranger_n and_o than_o what_o be_v reduce_v by_o the_o condition_n whether_o a_o possession_n action_n or_o a_o right_n point_n upon_o this_o statute_n first_o whether_o the_o son_n of_o the_o free_a citizen_n exile_v be_v a_o disable_v commissioner_n in_o respect_n of_o his_o person_n and_o whether_o he_o have_v such_o a_o estate_n either_o in_o land_n or_o good_n as_o will_v satisfy_v this_o law_n second_o whether_o the_o countess_n may_v be_v a_o competent_a commissioner_n within_o this_o statute_n three_o whether_o a_o joint_a interest_n in_o land_n or_o good_n will_v make_v the_o joyntenant_fw-fr a_o sufficient_a enable_v commissioner_n within_o this_o statute_n four_o whether_o the_o be_v as_o this_o case_n be_v be_v race_v down_o or_o not_o and_o hereupon_o i_o intend_v to_o lay_v open_a the_o whole_a division_n touch_v the_o let_n impediment_n and_o annoyance_n which_o this_o statute_n speak_v of_o argumentum_fw-la lectoris_fw-la i_o mean_v it_o not_o for_o a_o point_n in_o this_o case_n whether_o good_n may_v be_v let_v with_o land_n nor_o whether_o a_o stock_n may_v be_v lease_v with_o a_o farm_n because_o i_o find_v the_o book_n of_o 1_o h._n 6._o 1._o and_o many_o other_o full_a in_o the_o point_n that_o they_o may_v and_o although_o by_o the_o take_n of_o they_o back_o again_o by_o the_o lessor_n they_o will_v thereby_o suspend_v no_o rent_n yet_o in_o the_o original_a demise_n they_o may_v be_v a_o cause_n to_o increase_v the_o rent_n but_o my_o point_n herein_o be_v double_a first_o whether_o they_o will_v pass_v in_o remainder_n as_o my_o case_n do_v limit_v they_o second_o whether_o they_o will_v enable_v b._n and_o c._n to_o be_v commissioner_n of_o sewer_n allow_v by_o this_o statute_n i_o do_v not_o only_o find_v stock_n let_v with_o farm_n but_o also_o join_v in_o real_a action_n with_o land_n for_o in_o the_o writ_n of_o assize_n the_o word_n be_v quod_fw-la vicecome_v faciat_fw-la tenement_n '_o illud_fw-la reseisiri_fw-la de_fw-la catallis_fw-la quae_fw-la in_o ipso_fw-la capta_fw-la fuerint_fw-la &_o ipsum_fw-la tenement_n '_o cum_fw-la catallis_fw-la esse_fw-la in_o pace_fw-la usque_fw-la etc._n etc._n these_o doubtless_o be_v such_o good_n as_o stock_v the_o ground_n and_o which_o usual_o go_v with_o the_o same_o for_o in_o ancient_a time_n when_o any_o farm_a ground_n they_o usual_o farm_a the_o stock_n thereon_o go_v and_o this_o appear_v by_o ancient_a precedent_n sed_fw-la nunc_fw-la aliud_fw-la tempus_fw-la in_o the_o writ_n of_o ejectione_n firmae_fw-la in_o the_o register_n be_v contain_v these_o word_n ostensum_fw-la quare_fw-la vi_fw-la &_o armis_fw-la manerium_fw-la de_fw-la dale_n quod_fw-la c._n prefat_n '_o a._n dimisit_fw-la ad_fw-la terminum_fw-la qui_fw-la nondum_fw-la preteriit_fw-la intravit_fw-la &_o bona_fw-la &_o catalla_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la a._n ad_fw-la valentiam_fw-la etc._n etc._n in_o eodem_fw-la manerio_fw-la inuenta_fw-la caepit_fw-la &_o asportavit_fw-la so_o that_o in_o those_o writ_n of_o assize_n and_o exjectione_n firmae_fw-la the_o one_o to_o recover_v the_o freehold_a the_o other_o the_o leasehold_n we_o find_v good_n which_o go_v with_o the_o manor_n or_o farm_n make_v parcel_n of_o the_o plaint_n and_o i_o take_v it_o damage_n shall_v be_v increase_v therefore_o for_o these_o be_v such_o good_n as_o stock_v the_o farm_n and_o in_o wrotsly_n and_o adam_n case_n in_o plo._n com._n exception_n be_v case_n wrotsley_n and_o adam_n case_n take_v in_o abatement_n of_o the_o writ_n because_o the_o word_n bona_fw-la &_o catalla_fw-la be_v leave_v out_o of_o the_o same_o yet_o in_o my_o opinion_n no_o estate_n neither_o in_o presenti_fw-la nor_o in_o remainder_n can_v be_v make_v of_o good_n or_o cattle_n neither_o shall_v they_o go_v with_o the_o land_n in_o point_n of_o estate_n but_o shall_v pass_v to_o the_o lessee_n and_o after_o to_o he_o in_o the_o remainder_n as_o a_o dependency_n upon_o the_o farm_n and_o the_o heir_n shall_v have_v heir-loom_n together_o with_o the_o mansion_n house_n as_o thing_n necessary_a concurrent_a therewithal_o yet_o the_o heir-loom_n have_v no_o descend_v quality_n but_o they_o do_v go_v with_o and_o wait_v upon_o the_o house_n as_o necessary_a instrument_n fit_v to_o be_v use_v therewith_o neither_o can_v it_o be_v gather_v by_o the_o book_n of_o 37_o h._n 6._o fol._n 30._o that_o the_o book_n call_v the_o grail_n which_o
matter_n do_v contain_v in_o it_o these_o word_n viz._n that_o if_o any_o person_n or_o person_n of_o what_o estate_n or_o degree_n soever_o he_o or_o they_o be_v of_o that_o from_o henceforth_o do_v take_v upon_o he_o or_o they_o to_o sit_v by_o virtue_n of_o the_o say_a commission_n not_o be_v first_o swear_v according_a to_o the_o tenor_n of_o the_o oath_n express_v in_o the_o statute_n or_o if_o any_o person_n so_o name_v and_o swear_v do_v sit_v not_o have_v land_n tenement_n or_o other_o hereditament_n in_o fee-simple_n fee_n tail_n or_o for_o term_n of_o life_n to_o the_o clear_a yearly_a value_n of_o forty_o mark_n above_o all_o charge_n to_o his_o own_o use_n except_o he_o be_v resciant_fw-la and_o free_a of_o any_o city_n borough_n or_o town_n corporate_a have_v movable_a substance_n of_o the_o clear_a value_n of_o one_o hundred_o pound_n or_o else_o be_v learn_v in_o the_o law_n of_o this_o realm_n in_o and_o concern_v the_o same_o that_o be_v to_o say_v admit_v in_o one_o of_o the_o principal_a inn_n of_o court_n for_o a_o utter_a barrister_n shall_v forfeit_v forty_o pound_n for_o every_o time_n that_o he_o shall_v attempt_v so_o to_o do_v the_o one_o moiety_n to_o the_o king_n the_o other_o moiety_n to_o the_o party_n that_o will_v sue_v therefore_o etc._n etc._n so_o that_o by_o this_o clause_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o every_o one_o that_o be_v not_o qualify_v in_o one_o of_o these_o degree_n be_v no_o competent_a commissioner_n within_o this_o statute_n first_o that_o he_o be_v a_o utter_a barrister_n in_o one_o of_o the_o four_o inn_n of_o court_n second_o or_o have_v land_n tenement_n or_o hereditament_n of_o the_o clear_a yearly_a value_n of_o forty_o mark_n above_o all_o charge_n in_o fee_n simple_a fee_n tail_n or_o for_o life_n three_o or_o be_v free_a or_o resciant_fw-la in_o some_o city_n borough_n or_o town_n corporate_a and_o have_v movable_a substance_n of_o the_o clear_a value_n of_o one_o hundred_o pound_n and_o that_o person_n which_o be_v not_o within_o one_o of_o the_o say_v three_o part_n and_o yet_o do_v take_v upon_o he_o to_o sit_v in_o the_o execution_n of_o this_o commission_n incur_v two_o penalty_n the_o one_o the_o forfeiture_n of_o his_o discretion_n for_o his_o presumption_n the_o other_o of_o forty_o pound_n for_o his_o contempt_n and_o therefore_o for_o the_o more_o clear_a examination_n of_o these_o thing_n i_o will_v observe_v that_o method_n in_o my_o argument_n which_o my_o case_n have_v former_o prescribe_v to_o i_o and_o first_o of_o all_o i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o the_o personal_a ability_n and_o first_o of_o the_o son_n of_o the_o free_a citizen_n of_o lincoln_n i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o every_o commissioner_n of_o this_o kind_n must_v be_v endow_v with_o these_o three_o quality_n first_o he_o must_v be_v free_a of_o a_o city_n etc._n etc._n if_o he_o want_v any_o of_o these_o than_o he_o be_v out_o of_o this_o branch_n of_o this_o statute_n second_o he_o must_v be_v there_o resciant_fw-la and_o three_o he_o must_v have_v in_o clear_a movable_a substance_n one_o hundred_o pound_n and_o therefore_o what_o person_n be_v such_o a_o freeman_n be_v now_o to_o be_v handle_v i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o every_o subject_a bear_v within_o the_o king_n dominion_n be_v a_o freeman_n of_o this_o realm_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o grand_a charter_n cap._n 14._o yea_o though_o he_o be_v a_o bondslave_n to_o a_o subject_a but_o a_o stranger_n bear_v be_v no_o freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n till_o the_o king_n have_v make_v he_o denizen_n in_o who_o power_n alone_o without_o the_o help_n of_o any_o other_o one_o may_v be_v make_v free_a and_o to_o be_v a_o freeman_n of_o the_o realm_n the_o place_n of_o his_o birth_n be_v hold_v more_o material_a than_o the_o quality_n of_o his_o parent_n for_o if_o alien_n have_v a_o child_n in_o england_n it_o be_v free_a of_o the_o kingdom_n yet_o by_o the_o opinion_n of_o hussey_n chief_a justice_n in_o 1_o r._n 3._o fol._n 4._o and_o in_o calvin_n case_n of_o the_o post_n nati_n it_o be_v hold_v for_o law_n that_o if_o ambassador_n of_o this_o realm_n have_v child_n bear_v in_o france_n or_o elsewhere_o where_o the_o father_n and_o mother_n be_v natural_a bear_v subject_n the_o child_n be_v free_a of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n but_o if_o either_o the_o father_n or_o the_o mother_n of_o such_o child_n be_v a_o alien_n then_o be_v not_o those_o child_n free_a one_o out_o of_o the_o king_n protection_n be_v as_o i_o take_v it_o for_o that_o time_n no_o freeman_n of_o the_o realm_n but_o in_o what_o case_n a_o man_n exile_v be_v in_o sort_v the_o near_a to_o our_o question_n exile_n be_v one_o of_o the_o eight_o punishment_n which_o the_o roman_a law_n do_v inflict_v upon_o stranger_n which_o be_v videlicet_fw-la 1._o damnum_fw-la 2._o imprisonamentum_fw-la 3._o plagae_fw-la 4._o compensatio_fw-la 5._o ignominia_fw-la 6._o exilium_fw-la 7._o servitudo_fw-la 8._o mors._n mr._n bracton_n do_v in_o this_o manner_n describe_v exile_n that_o be_v certi_fw-la loci_fw-la interdictio_fw-la and_o do_v distribute_v it_o into_o four_o head_n that_o be_v to_o say_v 1._o specialis_fw-la hoc_fw-la est_fw-la interdictio_fw-la talis_fw-la provinciae_fw-la civitatis_fw-la burgi_n aut_fw-la villae_fw-la 2._o generalie_n interdictio_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la &_o aliquando_fw-la est_fw-la 3._o temporaria_fw-la pro_fw-la duobus_fw-la tribus_fw-la quatuor_fw-la aut_fw-la pluribus_fw-la annis_fw-la aut_fw-la etc._n etc._n 4._o perpetua_fw-la pro_fw-la termino_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la &_o exilium_fw-la est_fw-la aliquando_fw-la ex_fw-la arbitrio_fw-la principis_fw-la sicut_fw-la in_o exiliando_fw-la deuce_n hertferdiae_fw-la &_o norfolciae_fw-la per_fw-la regem_fw-la richardum_fw-la secundum_fw-la et_fw-la aliquando_fw-la per_fw-la judicium_fw-la terra_fw-la ut_fw-la sit_fw-la in_o casu_fw-la piers_n de_fw-fr gaveston_n &_o etiam_fw-la in_o casu_fw-la hugonis_fw-la de_fw-fr le_fw-fr spencer_n junioris_fw-la qui_fw-la ambo_fw-la fuorunt_fw-la exilit_fw-la '_o per_fw-la judicium_fw-la in_o parliamento_fw-la abjuration_n also_o be_v a_o legal_a exile_n by_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o common_a law_n as_o also_o by_o the_o statute_n law_n and_o in_o the_o statute_n of_o westminster_n the_o second_o cap._n 35._o he_o which_o ravish_v a_o ward_n and_o can_v render_v the_o ward_n unmarried_a or_o the_o value_n of_o his_o marriage_n must_v abjure_v the_o realm_n and_o this_o be_v a_o general_a abjuration_n and_o by_o a_o statute_n make_v in_o 31_o ed._n 1._o 1._o 31_o ed._n 1._o butcher_n be_v to_o be_v abjure_v the_o town_n if_o they_o offend_v the_o four_o time_n in_o sell_v measled_a flesh_n and_o this_o be_v a_o special_a abjuration_n but_o i_o must_v put_v this_o case_n to_o a_o further_a question_n which_o be_v what_o a_o man_n exile_v do_v forfeit_n thereby_o and_o in_o my_o opinion_n he_o forfeit_v these_o thing_n follow_v first_o he_o lose_v thereby_o the_o freedom_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o nation_n out_o of_o which_o he_o be_v exile_v second_o he_o forfeit_v his_o freedom_n in_o the_o borough_n or_o city_n where_o he_o be_v free_a for_o he_o which_o forfeit_v the_o freedom_n of_o the_o whole_a realm_n by_o consequence_n forfeit_v his_o freedom_n in_o every_o part_n thereof_o three_o he_o be_v of_o as_o little_a esteem_n in_o our_o law_n as_o if_o he_o be_v dead_a for_o his_o heir_n may_v enter_v and_o so_o may_v his_o wife_n enter_v into_o she_o own_o land_n and_o may_v sue_v a_o action_n as_o a_o woman_n sole_a by_o 31_o ed._n 1._o &_o 1_o h._n 4._o 1._o 31_o ed._n 1._o 1_o h._n 4._o 1._o and_o fourthly_a in_o my_o opinion_n he_o shall_v forfeit_v those_o land_n to_o the_o king_n which_o he_o shall_v purchase_v in_o the_o realm_n during_o his_o banishment_n que_v vide_fw-la 15_o ed._n 3._o fitz._n petition_v '_o plac_n 2._o but_o there_o in_o that_o case_n hugh_n spencer_n be_v banish_v by_o a_o judgement_n in_o parliament_n which_o give_v a_o forfeiture_n of_o his_o land_n howsoever_o i_o take_v he_o as_o strong_o bar_v from_o purchase_v in_o the_o realm_n during_o his_o banishment_n as_o a_o alien_n be_v for_o fit_a alienigina_fw-la by_o his_o banishment_n and_o he_o be_v in_o a_o worse_a case_n than_o a_o alien_n because_o he_o take_v with_o he_o indignatio_fw-la principis_fw-la but_o a_o banish_a man_n forfeit_v neither_o title_n of_o honour_n as_o knighthood_n which_o be_v de_fw-fr jure_fw-la gentium_fw-la nor_o the_o land_n he_o have_v before_o he_o be_v exile_v unless_o by_o special_a judgement_n give_v in_o a_o legal_a course_n they_o be_v so_o decree_v then_o our_o case_n go_v further_a that_o e._n be_v not_o exile_v himself_o but_o d._n his_o father_n be_v exile_v who_o heir_n e._n be_v now_o whether_o by_o the_o exilement_n of_o the_o father_n the_o liberty_n and_o freedom_n which_o e._n might_n claim_v in_o the_o city_n of_o lincoln_n by_o be_v the_o son_n and_o heir_n
and_o a_o villain_n for_o year_n and_o a_o captive_n take_v in_o the_o war_n be_v for_o there_o shall_v be_v pay_v for_o he_o a_o ransom_n as_o be_v mention_v in_o the_o register_n fol._n 102._o money_n due_a upon_o statute_n judgement_n recognizance_n bond_n bill_n or_o contract_n be_v not_o valueable_a substance_n within_o this_o statute_n for_o by_o this_o statute_n it_o must_v be_v clear_a and_o not_o doubtful_a or_o accidental_a as_o money_n out_o of_o hand_n be_v which_o be_v like_a to_o a_o bird_n in_o the_o bush_n yet_o these_o be_v all_o valueable_a and_o be_v value_v in_o inventory_n take_v in_o the_o ecclesiastical_a court_n but_o yet_o the_o executor_n or_o administrator_n shall_v not_o be_v charge_v for_o asset_n for_o they_o till_o they_o have_v receive_v they_o and_o in_o 25_o h._n 8._o in_o dier_n fol._n 5._o obligation_n be_v not_o hold_v valueable_a but_o thing_n in_o action_n and_o if_o one_o 8._o 25_o h._n 8._o have_v get_v good_n by_o tort_n and_o wrong_n to_o the_o value_n of_o one_o hundred_o pound_n yet_o this_o be_v clear_a valueable_a substance_n within_o this_o law_n for_o although_o the_o word_n clear_v be_v insert_v into_o the_o statute_n yet_o that_o relate_v to_o the_o value_n and_o not_o to_o the_o title_n of_o those_o good_n and_o if_o one_o have_v good_n as_o executor_n or_o administrator_n these_o be_v not_o his_o own_o and_o therefore_o do_v not_o enable_v he_o to_o be_v a_o commissioner_n within_o this_o law_n neither_o do_v the_o good_n of_o the_o church_n enable_v the_o parson_n vicar_n or_o curate_n nor_o the_o good_n of_o a_o corporation_n do_v not_o enable_v the_o major_a and_o alderman_n or_o citizen_n of_o a_o city_n or_o town_n corporate_a for_o these_o do_v not_o belong_v to_o their_o particular_a person_n neither_o do_v this_o stock_n in_o my_o case_n which_o be_v demise_v to_o b._n and_o c._n make_v they_o competent_a commissioner_n within_o this_o statute_n because_o they_o have_v not_o the_o property_n therein_o but_o only_o the_o use_n and_o occupation_n thereof_o and_o although_o in_o this_o statute_n it_o be_v not_o declare_v in_o what_o place_n these_o good_n which_o shall_v enable_v a_o man_n to_o be_v a_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n shall_v be_v in_o it_o will_v suffice_v if_o the_o party_n have_v they_o in_o any_o place_n within_o the_o realm_n for_o this_o very_a law_n call_v they_o movable_a substance_n and_o herein_o i_o end_v my_o free_a citizen_n and_o in_o my_o opinion_n e._n have_v neither_o freedom_n in_o his_o person_n nor_o real_a estate_n in_o land_n nor_o movable_a substance_n in_o any_o sort_n to_o make_v he_o a_o competent_a commissioner_n within_o this_o law_n yet_o if_o a_o freeman_n be_v destitute_a of_o good_n or_o want_v perfection_n in_o his_o freedom_n if_o notwithstanding_o he_o have_v land_n to_o the_o value_n of_o forty_o mark_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la than_o he_o shall_v be_v allow_v a_o commissioner_n within_o this_o statute_n touch_v which_o point_n of_o land_n i_o now_o intend_v to_o proceed_v in_o in_o the_o handle_n of_o this_o matter_n it_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v which_o be_v hereditament_n within_o this_o law_n for_o the_o other_o two_o word_n land_n and_o tenement_n need_v no_o exposition_n wherein_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o message_n cortage_n toâ—â—s_n crofts_n house_n land_n meadow_n pasture_n feeding_n moor_n marsh_n heath_n fur_n mill_n orchard_n garden_n hopyard_n rent_n of_o annuity_n prima_fw-la vestura_fw-la terrae_fw-la pischaries_n tithe_n pension_n portion_n proxy_n park_n warrens_n be_v all_o of_o they_o hereditament_n within_o this_o part_n of_o this_o law_n for_o the_o word_n hereditament_n be_v a_o word_n of_o the_o large_a size_n and_o large_a extent_n in_o our_o law_n be_v omne_fw-la quod_fw-la haereditari_fw-la potest_fw-la and_o yet_o every_o hereditament_n be_v not_o within_o this_o branch_n for_o it_o have_v two_o other_o word_n join_v therewithal_o videlicet_fw-la yearly_a value_n and_o therefore_o franchise_n and_o liberty_n as_o waif_n stray_n felon_n good_n deodan_n fines_n amerciament_n profit_v of_o court_n fair_n market_n ferries_n hundred_o leet_n and_o such_o like_a be_v all_o of_o they_o out_o of_o this_o statute_n in_o this_o point_n because_o they_o be_v not_o of_o a_o certain_a yearly_a value_n but_o be_v accidental_a and_o depend_v in_o contingency_n by_o the_o opinion_n in_o butler_n and_o baker_n case_n cook_n 3_o report_n but_o as_o it_o be_v there_o say_v if_o these_o thing_n have_v heretofore_o be_v usual_o let_v and_o demise_v for_o certain_a yearly_a rent_n than_o they_o may_v be_v hereditament_n of_o clear_a yearly_a value_n within_o this_o law_n all_o office_n and_o vocation_n as_o physician_n chirurgeon_n or_o trade_n as_o merchant_n mercer_n grocer_n draper_n and_o such_o like_a be_v neither_o hereditary_a nor_o of_o certain_a yearly_a value_n and_o therefore_o they_o be_v not_o within_o this_o law_n though_o perhaps_o one_o gain_n thereby_o five_o hundred_o pound_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la also_o dry_a reversion_n or_o remainder_n depend_v upon_o estate_n for_o life_n be_v out_o of_o this_o branch_n for_o the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n be_v have_v which_o be_v in_o praesenti_fw-la and_o not_o futuro_fw-la neither_o be_v a_o advowson_n of_o force_n in_o this_o point_n though_o it_o be_v asset_n in_o a_o formdon_n yet_o it_o be_v no_o asset_n in_o a_o action_n of_o debt_n bring_v against_o executor_n homage_n fealty_n escuage_n heriot_n relief_n nomine_fw-la paene_n and_o such_o like_a be_v hereditament_n but_o because_o they_o be_v not_o of_o yearly_a value_n they_o be_v not_o therefore_o within_o this_o law_n also_o if_o a_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n be_v seize_v of_o a_o rent_n or_o annuity_n payable_a every_o second_o year_n it_o do_v not_o enable_v he_o to_o sit_v because_o it_o be_v not_o annual_a which_o be_v intend_v yearly_o and_o every_o year_n as_o the_o prior_n of_o plymptons_n case_n in_o dier_n fol._n 133._o be_v but_o if_o one_o do_v grant_n to_o i._o s._n a_o annuity_n or_o rent_n of_o forty_o mark_n in_o fee_n payable_a at_o the_o feast_n of_o easter_n yearly_a if_o the_o grantee_n will_v then_o come_v for_o it_o to_o such_o a_o place_n be_v of_o certain_a yearly_a value_n within_o this_o law_n but_o put_v the_o case_n that_o a._n be_v seize_v of_o land_n in_o fee_n and_o grant_v to_o b._n forty_o mark_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la for_o his_o life_n only_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o b._n be_v no_o sufficient_a qualify_v commissioner_n within_o this_o law_n but_o if_o a._n be_v seize_v of_o a_o rent_n of_o forty_o mark_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la in_o fee_n and_o he_o grant_v the_o same_o to_o b._n for_o his_o life_n he_o be_v a_o competent_a commissioner_n within_o this_o law_n differentia_fw-la apparet_fw-la our_o statute_n go_v on_o in_o these_o word_n that_o the_o commissioner_n which_o will_v sit_v without_o exception_n must_v have_v in_o land_n tenement_n or_o hereditament_n of_o the_o clear_a yearly_a value_n of_o forty_o mark_n to_o his_o own_o use_n therefore_o a_o man_n seize_v of_o land_n to_o that_o value_n in_o the_o right_n of_o his_o wife_n although_o he_o take_v the_o rent_n and_o profit_n to_o his_o own_o use_n yet_o this_o will_v not_o enable_v he_o to_o be_v a_o commissioner_n within_o this_o law_n but_o he_o must_v have_v they_o in_o ejus_fw-la usu_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la ejus_fw-la usum_fw-la a_o feoffee_n to_o a_o use_n before_o the_o statute_n of_o 27_o h._n 8._o of_o use_n be_v no_o competent_a commissioner_n within_o our_o statute_n for_o he_o have_v the_o land_n then_o to_o another_o man_n use_n neither_o be_v cestui_fw-fr que_fw-fr use_n sufficient_o qualify_v to_o be_v a_o commissioner_n two_o tenant_n in_o common_a or_o coparcener_n of_o forty_o pound_n land_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la be_v neither_o of_o they_o of_o sufficient_a ability_n to_o be_v commissioner_n within_o this_o law_n and_o the_o like_a law_n be_v of_o two_o joyntenant_n of_o land_n of_o that_o yearly_a value_n for_o though_o they_o be_v seize_v per_fw-mi my_o and_z per_n tout_fw-fr yet_o in_o truth_n and_o in_o a_o legal_a construction_n either_o of_o they_o be_v seize_v but_o of_o a_o moiety_n so_o that_o if_o two_o joyntenant_n tenant_n in_o common_a or_o coparcener_n be_v seize_v of_o land_n of_o the_o yearly_a value_n of_o threescore_o pound_n either_o of_o they_o may_v sit_v by_o this_o commission_n a_o dean_n and_o chapter_n major_a and_o commonalty_n master_n of_o a_o college_n and_o fellow_n which_o be_v seize_v of_o land_n and_o tenement_n of_o the_o yearly_a value_n of_o a_o hundred_o pound_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la be_v not_o in_o respect_n thereof_o to_o sit_v if_o a_o bishop_n dean_n chancellor_n archdeacon_n prebend_n parson_n or_o vicar_n be_v seize_v of_o land_n in_o jure_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la of_o the_o clear_a yearly_a value_n of_o forty_o mark_n i_o suppose_v these_o may_v
office_n our_o common_a law_n think_v it_o fit_a to_o enable_v he_o to_o dispose_v of_o his_o temporalty_n and_o in_o 21_o h._n 7._o fol._n 12_o &_o 13._o 7._o 11_o h._n 7._o the_o case_n be_v put_v by_o bridge_n and_o confirm_v by_o justice_n sylliard_n and_o be_v not_o deny_v by_o any_o that_o a_o obligation_n make_v by_o a_o major_n and_o commonalty_n dean_n and_o chapter_n abbot_n and_o covent_n shall_v not_o be_v avoid_v for_o the_o nonage_n of_o the_o major_n dean_n or_o abbot_n yet_o all_o these_o serve_v in_o place_n of_o government_n howbeit_o in_o the_o say_a matter_n their_o nonage_n shall_v not_o impeach_v they_o and_o in_o the_o three_o of_o isaiah_n it_o be_v say_v i_o will_v give_v they_o isa_n 3_o isa_n child_n to_o their_o prince_n and_o babe_n to_o rule_v over_o they_o note_v thereby_o a_o unfitness_n in_o they_o to_o govern_v but_o debar_v they_o not_o of_o the_o place_n and_o of_o this_o matter_n this_o shall_v suffice_v but_o now_o admit_v as_o oftentimes_o it_o fall_v out_o that_o commissioner_n shall_v sit_v in_o the_o execution_n of_o this_o commission_n of_o sewer_n which_o have_v not_o take_v the_o oath_n which_o have_v not_o land_n of_o value_n or_o which_o be_v not_o a_o free_a citizen_n and_o yet_o there_o be_v ordinance_n decree_n and_o law_n make_v at_o those_o time_n now_o whether_o those_o law_n and_o ordinance_n so_o make_v by_o a_o disable_v commissioner_n be_v void_a or_o not_o be_v the_o question_n or_o whether_o the_o disable_v commissioner_n shall_v only_o undergo_v the_o penalty_n of_o forty_o pound_n there_o be_v a_o statute_n make_v in_o 6_o h._n 8._o cap._n 10._o whereby_o it_o 8._o 6._o h._n 8._o be_v enact_v that_o the_o chancellor_n of_o england_n for_o the_o time_n be_v shall_v make_v no_o commission_n to_o any_o person_n or_o person_n except_o he_o have_v land_n and_o tenement_n of_o estate_n of_o freehold_n to_o the_o yearly_a value_n of_o twenty_o pound_n or_o else_o be_v justice_n of_o the_o quorum_fw-la within_o any_o of_o the_o shire_n where_o he_o shall_v be_v make_v a_o commissioner_n and_o if_o any_o such_o commission_n be_v direct_v to_o any_o person_n or_o person_n not_o have_v land_n or_o tenement_n to_o the_o yearly_a value_n of_o twenty_o pound_n or_o not_o be_v one_o of_o the_o justice_n learned_a of_o the_o quorum_fw-la as_o aforesaid_a that_o then_o every_o such_o commission_n and_o all_o presentment_n and_o accusation_n have_v and_o present_v before_o any_o such_o commissioner_n be_v utter_o void_a and_o of_o none_o effect_n but_o this_o statute_n be_v in_o time_n expire_v long_o ago_o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v no_o interruption_n to_o our_o commissioner_n for_o although_o the_o statute_n of_o 23_o h._n 8._o which_o i_o read_v on_o have_v a_o clause_n in_o it_o in_o effect_n that_o all_o &_o every_o statute_n and_o ordinance_n heretofore_o make_v concern_v the_o premise_n make_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o say_a king_n or_o of_o any_o of_o his_o progenitor_n not_o be_v contrary_a to_o that_o statute_n shall_v stand_v in_o force_n yet_o these_o word_n do_v not_o set_v on_o foot_n a_o statute_n expire_v in_o time_n as_o that_o of_o 6_o h._n 8._o be_v also_o in_o the_o say_a statute_n of_o 13_o eliz._n if_o a_o termor_n or_o lessee_n for_o year_n be_v in_o commission_n all_o law_n make_v which_o concern_v land_n whereof_o he_o be_v a_o farmer_n be_v void_a as_o to_o he_o vide_fw-la antea_fw-la but_o to_o rely_v on_o our_o statute_n of_o 23_o h._n 8._o in_o my_o opinion_n it_o 8._o 23_o h._n 8._o do_v not_o avoid_v any_o of_o the_o law_n and_o ordinance_n make_v by_o disable_v commissioner_n but_o do_v only_o inflict_v the_o punishment_n and_o penalty_n of_o forty_o pound_n a_o piece_n upon_o every_o of_o they_o for_o every_o time_n they_o and_o every_o of_o they_o shall_v sit_v in_o or_o about_o the_o execution_n of_o this_o commission_n yet_o it_o seem_v in_o the_o case_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la regis_fw-la ecclesiastico_fw-la that_o whereas_o the_o statute_n of_o first_o of_o elizabeth_n which_o authorize_v the_o queen_n to_o grant_v commission_n to_o natural_a bear_v subject_n that_o if_o she_o have_v grant_v the_o same_o to_o a_o alien_n that_o act_v do_v by_o he_o have_v be_v void_a but_o now_o my_o case_n proceed_v to_o the_o next_o point_n or_o step_n and_o that_o be_v touch_v the_o law_n and_o ordinance_n make_v to_o raze_v the_o say_a be_v i_o infer_v this_o clause_n in_o my_o case_n because_o i_o have_v not_o former_o occasion_n or_o fit_a opportunity_n to_o treat_v of_o the_o let_v impediment_n and_o annoyance_n which_o be_v contain_v within_o this_o statute_n of_o 23_o h._n 8._o and_o therefore_o i_o take_v this_o occasion_n to_o close_v up_o this_o day_n exercise_v with_o the_o discourse_n of_o they_o these_o by_o name_n be_v such_o impediment_n &_o annoyance_n as_o this_o statute_n speak_v of_o 1._o stream_n 2._o mill_n 3._o bridges_n 4._o pond_n 5._o fishgarth_n 6._o mildam_n 7._o lock_n 8._o hebbingwere_n 9_o heck_n and_o 10._o floodgate_n and_o the_o rest_n must_v be_v comprise_v within_o these_o general_a word_n videlicet_fw-la other_o like_a let_n and_o impediment_n and_o the_o discourse_n upon_o all_o these_o will_v rest_v most_o upon_o the_o statute_n heretofore_o make_v touch_v the_o same_o and_o the_o first_o statute_n thereof_o make_v be_v in_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la 23._o mag._n chart._n cap._n 23._o cap._n 23._o omnes_fw-la kidelli_n deponantur_fw-la de_fw-la cetero_fw-la penitus_fw-la per_fw-la thamesiam_fw-la &_o medweyam_n &_o per_fw-la totam_fw-la angliam_fw-la nisi_fw-la per_fw-la costeram_fw-la maris_fw-la 35._o this_o extend_v not_o to_o the_o king_n keddle_v per_fw-la keble_a in_o 13_o h._n 7._o 35._o what_o this_o word_n kidellum_n signify_v appeareh_o by_o the_o title_n of_o that_o statute_n which_o be_v wear_v the_o next_o statute_n to_o this_o be_v 25_o ed_n 3._o cap._n 4._o which_o do_v enact_v that_o all_o mill_n wear_v stank_n stake_n &_o kiddel_n be_v levy_v 3._o 25._o e._n 3._o and_o set_v in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n that_o king_n grandfather_n and_o after_o whereby_o ship_n and_o boat_n be_v disturb_v that_o they_o may_v not_o pass_v the_o river_n as_o they_o be_v wont_a shall_v be_v cut_v and_o pull_v down_o without_o be_v relieve_v the_o say_v first_o statute_n be_v general_a that_o all_o wear_v shall_v be_v put_v down_o but_o by_o the_o seaco_v yet_o this_o word_n all_o be_v intend_v of_o such_o only_a as_o be_v erect_v without_o lawful_a warrant_n and_o the_o say_a statute_n of_o 25_o ed._n 3._o do_v explain_v the_o generality_n of_o the_o say_v former_a statute_n for_o thereby_o it_o appear_v that_o wear_v erect_v in_o navigable_a river_n where_o ship_n and_o boat_n be_v wont_a to_o sail_v shall_v be_v extirp_v because_o they_o be_v a_o hindrance_n to_o navigation_n but_o this_o extend_v only_o to_o navigable_a stream_n which_o have_v be_v navigable_a by_o use_n and_o custom_n and_o it_o be_v manifest_a by_o this_o statute_n that_o these_o wear_v which_o be_v so_o to_o be_v put_v down_o must_v be_v only_o such_o as_o be_v erect_v in_o the_o time_n of_o ed._n the_o first_o and_o sithence_o because_o those_o seem_v to_o be_v erect_v without_o lawful_a authority_n and_o be_v but_o erect_v in_o those_o time_n they_o have_v not_o the_o countenance_n of_o custom_n and_o prescription_n to_o strengthen_v they_o the_o next_o statute_n in_o time_n be_v that_o of_o 45_o ed._n 3._o cap._n 2._o which_o confirm_v the_o say_a statute_n of_o 25._o ed._n 3._o and_o then_o add_v thereto_o that_o if_o any_o such_o annoyance_n be_v do_v it_o shall_v be_v pull_v down_o and_o that_o he_o which_o shall_v relevy_v such_o annoyance_n and_o be_v thereof_o due_o attaint_v he_o shall_v incur_v the_o penalty_n of_o one_o hundred_o mark_n to_o the_o king_n to_o be_v levy_v by_o the_o estreat_v of_o the_o exchequer_n and_o the_o penalty_n be_v thereby_o give_v for_o the_o inhaunce_n of_o such_o wear_v mill_n stank_n stake_n and_o kiddel_n this_o statute_n be_v in_o part_n a_o confirmation_n of_o the_o say_a statute_n of_o 25_o ed._n 3._o and_o in_o other_o part_n thereof_o it_o be_v a_o new_a 3._o 45_o ed._n 3._o act_n in_o these_o point_n first_o in_o the_o forfeiture_n of_o a_o hundred_o mark_n second_o this_o be_v the_o first_o statute_n in_o my_o opinion_n make_v against_o inhaunce_v of_o such_o thing_n which_o be_v count_v annoyance_n and_o three_o it_o give_v the_o like_a penalty_n against_o he_o which_o shall_v relevy_v the_o annoyance_n as_o against_o the_o enhancer_n and_o because_o this_o statute_n depend_v upon_o the_o say_a statute_n of_o 25_o ed._n 3._o it_o extend_v therefore_o but_o to_o navigable_a stream_n the_o statute_n of_o 1_o h._n 4._o cap._n 12._o be_v a_o statute_n in_o these_o point_n of_o great_a
i_o take_v it_o these_o few_o distinction_n do_v full_o declare_v my_o opinion_n touch_v those_o matter_n the_o statute_n of_o 23_o h._n 8._o which_o i_o read_v on_o touch_v and_o concern_v let_n impediment_n and_o annoyance_n have_v these_o word_n in_o it_o in_o effect_n and_o the_o commission_n give_v authority_n to_o edmond_n lord_n sheffield_n sir_n philip_n tyrwhit_n sir_n nicholas_n sanderson_n knight_n and_o baronet_n sir_n richard_n aurcots_n sir_n john_n thorold_n sir_n john_n read_v sir_n charles_n bowl_n sir_n ralph_n maddison_n sir_n william_n hansord_n sir_n francis_n south_n knight_n thomas_z tyrwhit_o john_n bolles_n and_o nicholas_n hammerton_n esquire_n whereof_o the_o say_a baronet_n and_o baronet_n be_v of_o the_o quorum_fw-la to_o survey_v the_o wall_n stream_n ditch_n bank_n gutter_n sewer_n goat_n calceys_n bridges_n trench_n mill_n mildam_n floodgate_n pond_n lock_n hebbingwere_n and_o other_o impediment_n let_n and_o annoyance_n and_o the_o same_o to_o cause_n to_o be_v make_v correct_v repair_v amend_v put_v down_o or_o reform_v as_o cause_n shall_v require_v after_o their_o wisdom_n and_o discretion_n and_o therein_o to_o ordain_v and_o do_v after_o the_o form_n tenor_n and_o effect_n of_o all_o and_o singular_a the_o statute_n or_o ordinance_n make_v before_o the_o first_o day_n of_o march_n in_o the_o 23_o year_n of_o h_n 8._o touch_v the_o premise_n or_o any_o of_o they_o as_o also_o to_o inquire_v by_o the_o oath_n of_o honest_a and_o lawful_a man_n of_o the_o say_a shire_n or_o shire_n place_n or_o place_n where_o such_o default_n or_o annoyance_n be_v as_o well_o within_o liberty_n as_o without_o by_o who_o the_o truth_n may_v rather_o be_v know_v through_o who_o default_n the_o say_a hurt_n and_o damage_n have_v happen_v and_o who_o have_v or_o hold_v any_o land_n or_o tenement_n or_o common_a of_o pasture_n or_o profit_n of_o fish_v or_o have_v or_o may_v have_v any_o hurt_n loss_n or_o disadvantage_n by_o any_o manner_n of_o mean_n in_o the_o say_a place_n as_o well_o near_o to_o the_o say_a danger_n let_n and_o impediment_n as_o inhabit_v or_o dwell_v near_o about_o the_o say_a wall_n etc._n etc._n and_o impediment_n aforesaid_a and_o all_o those_o person_n to_o tax_v assess_v and_o distrain_v in_o a_o former_a clause_n of_o this_o statute_n the_o commission_n give_v power_n to_o survey_v the_o wall_n bank_n ditch_n gutter_n sewer_n goat_n calceys_n bridges_n stream_n in_o which_o clause_n these_o as_o necessary_a defence_n be_v order_v to_o be_v repair_v then_o come_v another_o clause_n wherein_o these_o thing_n be_v recite_v as_o let_n and_o impediment_n videlicet_fw-la stream_n mill_n bridges_n pond_n fishgarth_n mildam_n lock_n hebbingwere_n heck_n and_o floodgate_n so_o that_o by_o these_o two_o clause_n the_o first_o sort_n be_v to_o be_v maintain_v and_o not_o destroy_v and_o the_o second_o sort_n shall_v have_v be_v destroy_v and_o not_o repair_v and_o if_o these_o two_o first_o clause_n have_v be_v alone_o than_o the_o commissioner_n have_v be_v bind_v to_o maintain_v the_o one_o and_o destroy_v the_o other_o without_o any_o toleration_n but_o then_o come_v in_o the_o say_v three_o clause_n which_o be_v the_o clause_n of_o moderation_n and_o therein_o as_o well_o the_o defence_n as_o the_o let_v and_o impediment_n come_v all_o in_o one_o clause_n promiscuous_o put_v together_o and_o so_o the_o word_n amend_v correct_v repair_n and_o put_v down_o be_v therein_o refer_v to_o they_o all_o so_o as_o in_o my_o opinion_n all_o defence_n as_o wall_n bank_n sewer_n calceys_n goat_n etc._n etc._n be_v not_o to_o be_v maintain_v because_o in_o tract_n of_o time_n some_o may_v prove_v unnecessary_a and_o unuseful_a which_o for_o that_o cause_n may_v be_v pull_v down_o so_o all_o mill_n mildam_n floodgate_n wear_v stank_n stake_n kiddel_n and_o such_o like_a be_v not_o to_o be_v put_v down_o and_o overthrow_v but_o such_o as_o be_v ancient_a and_o be_v thereby_o grow_v to_o be_v the_o proper_a inheritance_n of_o man_n and_o such_o also_o which_o be_v useful_a and_o necessary_a be_v to_o be_v maintain_v keep_v and_o repair_v for_o in_o some_o great_a havens_n and_o port_n great_a abundance_n of_o pile_n and_o timberpost_n be_v set_v in_o the_o water_n to_o stay_v the_o rage_n force_n and_o violence_n of_o the_o water_n for_o the_o safeguard_n of_o the_o port_n and_o haven_n it_o be_v a_o very_a ridiculous_a exposition_n of_o this_o law_n to_o urge_v the_o commissioner_n to_o overthrow_v those_o thing_n which_o be_v helpful_a and_o not_o hurful_a for_o this_o statute_n do_v foresee_v that_o these_o mildam_n stake_n stank_n floodgate_n wear_v etc._n etc._n be_v not_o at_o all_o time_n and_o in_o all_o place_n hurtful_a and_o therefore_o be_v the_o say_a clause_n of_o the_o statute_n insert_v which_o give_v the_o commissioner_n power_n to_o put_v down_o such_o as_o be_v let_n and_o annoyance_n in_o truth_n and_o where_o they_o be_v use_v for_o strength_n and_o be_v of_o good_a use_n to_o maintain_v the_o same_o and_o this_o construction_n i_o take_v it_o be_v full_o maintain_v by_o this_o statute_n but_o more_o especial_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o 7_o jacobi_n cap._n 20._o where_o peres_n piles_n jetty_n and_o the_o like_a set_v for_o fortification_n 20._o 7_o jac._n reg._n cap_n 20._o and_o strength_n be_v express_o order_v to_o be_v maintain_v and_o upon_o this_o part_n of_o this_o law_n i_o do_v collect_v these_o ensue_a matter_n first_o that_o if_o one_o do_v erect_v and_o build_v a_o be_v mill_n mildam_n or_o other_o thing_n on_o a_o river_n navigable_a to_o the_o hindrance_n of_o navigation_n or_o if_o there_o be_v a_o ancient_a be_v which_o be_v enhance_v of_o late_a year_n the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n be_v to_o order_v he_o that_o do_v erect_v the_o one_o and_o he_o which_o do_v enhance_v the_o other_o to_o pull_v down_o the_o first_o and_o to_o abate_v the_o excess_n of_o the_o other_o at_o the_o cost_v and_o charge_n of_o the_o owner_n and_o if_o he_o or_o his_o assign_v or_o heir_n shall_v contrary_v to_o the_o decree_n order_n or_o judgement_n of_o the_o commissioner_n after_o the_o same_o have_v be_v reform_v relevy_v the_o same_o again_o or_o do_v continue_v the_o same_o contrary_n to_o order_n the_o punishment_n of_o one_o hundred_o mark_n be_v to_o be_v impose_v upon_o the_o offender_n as_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o 1_o h._n 4._o and_o 12_o h._n 4._o former_o appear_v and_o if_o one_o which_o be_v a_o stranger_n of_o his_o mere_a malice_n or_o own_o 4._o 1_o h._n 4._o 12_o h._n 4._o wrong_n do_v pitch_v down_o pile_n or_o set_v down_o stake_n in_o the_o river_n and_o stream_n he_o be_v to_o be_v fine_v or_o amerce_v for_o this_o offence_n as_o the_o case_n shall_v require_v and_o he_o be_v to_o be_v order_v to_o remove_v the_o nusans_a at_o his_o own_o cost_n and_o charge_n and_o if_o it_o can_v be_v find_v out_o who_o do_v the_o nusans_a than_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n be_v to_o order_v those_o to_o remove_v that_o annoyance_n which_o in_o all_o likelihood_n be_v to_o sustain_v most_o damage_n thereby_o et_fw-la ita_fw-la factum_fw-la fuit_fw-la in_o 42_o lib._n assiz_n plac_fw-la 15._o and_o assiz_n 42_o lib._n assiz_n this_o statute_n extend_v to_o river_n and_o stream_n navigable_a as_o well_o as_o to_o such_o as_o be_v not_o navigable_a and_o touch_v the_o remove_n of_o nuisance_n i_o shall_v put_v the_o commissioner_n some_o precedent_n rule_v and_o adjudge_v in_o our_o book_n of_o law_n which_o come_v full_o to_o the_o purpose_n of_o the_o matter_n and_o thing_n i_o now_o treat_v of_o in_o 32_o ed._n 3._o fol._n 8._o a_o assize_n of_o nusan_o be_v bring_v by_o a._n against_o b._n for_o that_o b._n have_v make_v a_o trench_n over_o a_o river_n 3._o 32_o ed._n 3._o and_o draw_v away_o thereby_o part_n of_o the_o water_n and_o stream_n another_o way_n than_o that_o which_o it_o do_v former_o use_v to_o run_v and_o thereby_o surround_v the_o ground_n of_o a._n and_o the_o assize_n pass_v for_o the_o plaintiff_n &_o it_o be_v adjudge_v that_o the_o water_n shall_v be_v remove_v into_o the_o ancient_a current_n &_o channel_n at_o the_o cost_n of_o the_o defendant_n and_o the_o plaintiff_n recover_v his_o damage_n et_fw-la quod_fw-la defendens_fw-la capiatur_fw-la out_o of_o which_o case_n i_o observe_v these_o thing_n first_o though_o a_o assize_n be_v a_o private_a action_n yet_o the_o nusan_o be_v tamburlaine_n querenti_fw-la quam_fw-la populo_fw-la to_o the_o plaintiff_n for_o drown_v and_o surround_v of_o his_o ground_n to_o the_o people_n in_o change_v or_o divert_v the_o ancient_a course_n of_o the_o water_n so_o that_o for_o the_o people_n the_o offendor_n be_v order_v to_o reform_v the_o nusans_a to_o the_o king_n he_o be_v fine_v and_o the_o plaintiff_n for_o his_o own_o private_a