antient and noble family have flourished from the first conquest of this country by the English who were afterwards advanced to the honour of Barons o Now Earl of Tyrone Curraghmore Upon the bank of the river Suire stands Waterford â—â—terford the chief City of this County Of which thus old Necham Suirius insignem gaudet ditare Waterford Aequoreis undis associatur ibi Thee Waterford Suir 's streams with wealth supply Hasting to pay their tribute to the sea This City which the Irish and Britains call Porthlargy the English Waterford was first built by certain Pirats of Norway Though 't is situated in a thick air and on a barren soil and close built yet by reason of the convenience of the haven p It was once but now Cork may claim that honour 't is the second City in Ireland for wealth and populousness and has ever continued q It s motto was Intacta manet Waterfordia But in the course of the Irish rebellion begun An. 1641. by means of the Popish Clergy it became exceeding faulty Now that the English Inhabitants daily encrease we may expect it will recover its former reputation particularly loyal and obedient to the Crown of England For since it was first taken by Richard Earl of Pembroke it has been so faithful and quiet that in our Conquest of Ireland it has always secur'd us from any attempts on this side Upon this account the Kings of England have endowed it with many and those considerable privileges which were enlarged and confirmed by Henry 7. for behaving themselves with great valour and conduct against Perkin Warbeck a sham-Prince who being but a young fellow of mean extraction had the impudence to aim at the Imperal Diadem by pretending to be Richard Duke of York the second son of King Edward 4. King Henry 6. gave the County of Waterford 〈◊〉 of â—â—terford together with the City to John Talbot Earl of Shrewsbury in words which so clearly set forth the bravery of that warlike man that I cannot but think it worth the while and perhaps some others may think it so too to transcribe them from the Record We therefore says the King after a great deal more wherein one sees the defect both of the Latin and eloquence of the Secretaries of that age in consideration of the valour of our most dear and faithful Cousen John Earl of Shrewsbury and Weysford Lord Talbot of Furnival and Lestrange sufficiently shewn and proved in the wars aforesaid even to his old age not only by the sweat of his body but many times by the loss of his blood and considering how our County and City of Waterford in our Kingdom of Ireland with the Castle Seigniory Honour Lands and Barony of Dungarvan and all the Lordships Lands Honours and Baronies and their appurtenances within the same County which by forfeiture of rebels by reversion or decease of any person or persons by escheat or any other title of law ought to vest in Us or our progenitors which by reason of invasions or insurrections in these parts are become so desolate and as they lye exposed to the spoils of war so entirely wasted that they are of no profit to us but have done and now do many times redound to our loss and charge and also that the said lands may hereafter be better defended against the attempts and incursions of enemies or rebels do ordain and create him Earl of Waterford with the stile title name and honour thereunto belonging And that all things may correspond with his state and greatness we hereby of our special grace certain knowledge and free motion that the Grandeur of the Earl may be supported more honourably do give grant and by these presents confirm unto the said Earl the County aforesaid together with the aforesaid title stile name and honour of Earl of Waterford and the city of Waterford aforesaid with the fee-farm castles lordships honours lands baronies and all other appurtenances within the County as also all mannors hundreds wapentakes c. along the sea-coast from the town of Yoghall to the city of Waterford aforesaid To have and to hold the said County of Waterford the stile title name and honour of Earl of Waterford and likewise the city of Waterford aforesaid with the castle seigniory honour land and barony of Dungarvan and all other lordships honours lands and Baronies within the said County and also all the aforesaid mannors hundreds c. to the abovesaid Earl and to the heirs males of his body begotten to hold of us and our heirs by homage fealty and the service of being our Seneschal and that he and his heirs be Seneschals of Ireland Seneschal of Ireland to us and our heirs throughout our whole land of Ireland to do and that he do and ought himself to do in the said office that which his predecessors Seneschals of England were wont formerly to do for us in that office In witness whereof c. However while the Kings of England and their Nobility who had large possessions in Ireland were either took up with foreign wars in France or civil dissentions at home Ireland was quite neglected so that the English interest began to decay r See the Statute of Absentees in the County of Caterlogh and the power of the Irish grew formidable by reason of their absence and then it was enacted to recover their interest and to suppress this growth of the Irish strength that the Earl of Shrewsbury for his absence and carelesness should surrender the Town and County of Waterford to the King and his successors and likewise that the Duke of Norfolk the Baron Barkley Ann. 28. H. 8 the Heirs Female of the Earl of Ormond and all the Abbots Priors c. of England who held any lands there should surrender them to the King and his successors for the same faults The County of LIMERICK THus far we have surveyed the maritime counties of Mounster two remain that are inland Limerick and Tipperary which we are now come to The County of Limerick lies behind that of Cork Northward between Kerry the river Shanon and the county of Tipperary fruitful and well inhabited but it has few remarkable towns The West part of it is called Conilagh Conilagh where among the hills Knock-Patrick Knock-Patrick that is St. Patrick's hill is most eminent for its height from the top whereof one has a pleasant prospect into the sea and along the river Shanon which at a great distance falls from a wide mouth into the Vergivian Ocean At the bottom of this hill the Fitz-Giralds liv'd for a long time in great honour Knight of the Vally Qu. Elâ—z An. 11. till Thomas call'd the Knight of the Valley or de Glin when his graceless son was put to death for Arsony for 't is treason by the laws of Ireland to set villages and houses a fire was also found an Accessary and had his estate
their weapons might be examin'd unexpectedly came a Mandate from the King that the cause should not then be decided lest the King should lose his right In the mean time they compounded the Earl agreeing to surrender up all his right in the castle to the Bishop and his successors for ever upon the receit of 2500 Marks aa â—â—rls of â—lisbury Salisbury had Earls very early whose pedigree I will not only draw faithfully but i They may be carry'd yet higher for Knighton stiles Edric Duke of Mercia Earl of Salisbury higher also out of the history of Lacock â—istory of â—â—cock Walter de Euereux Earl of Rosmar in Normandy had by the munificence of William the Conqueror very large possessions in this shire which he bequeathed to his younger son Edward sirnamed of Salisbury who was born in England leaving his other lands in Normandy with the title of Earl of Rosmar to k The eldest son of this Walter that succeeded him in the Earldom was called Gerold Walter his eldest son whose line not long after failed This Edward of Salisbury was very eminent in the twentieth year of William the Conqueror and is often mention'd in Domesday book but without the title of Earl His son Walter founded a small monastery at Bradenstok and there in his old age after he had got a son call'd Patric who was the first Earl of Salisbury by Sibilla de Cadurcis or Chaworth assum'd the habit of a black Canon This Patric the first Earl was slain by Guy of Lusignian A. D. 1169. in his return from a pilgrimage to S. James of Compostella and was succeeded by his son William who died at Paris in the reign of Richard 1. Ela his only daughter by the favour of the said K. Richard was married to William Longspee so sirnamed from the long sword he usually wore who was a natural son of K. Henry 2. to whom upon this marriage with Ela accrued the title of Earl â—â—â—s of the 〈◊〉 of Saâ— and her Coat of Arms viz. Az. 6 Lioncells Rampant Or. His son was also called William Longspee with whom Henry 3. being offended because being signed with the Cross he went to the Holy War without his leave took from him the title of Earl and castle of Sarum He notwithstanding being resolv'd on his design went into Egypt with S. Lewis King of France â—h Paâ— 973. â—051 and fighting valiantly in the midst of his enemies near Damiata which the Christians had taken died in the bed of honour not long before that holy King was unfortunately made prisoner He had a son call'd also William who did not enjoy the title of Earl and had only one daughter named Margaret â—â—â—g â— p. â—4 who was notwithstanding call'd Countess of Salisbury and married to Henry Lacy Earl of Lincoln by whom she had but one daughter viz. Alice the wife of Thomas Earl of Lancaster who being outlawed K. Edw. 2. seized upon the lands which she had made over to her husband some of which viz. Troubridge Winterbourn Ambresbury and other manours King Edw. 3. gave to William de Montacute in as full and ample manner as ever the Predecessors of Margaret Countess of Sarum held them â—ds of Patent And at the same time he made the said William de Montacute Earl of Sarum and by the girding on of a sword the said Earldom was invested in him and his heirs for ever This William was King of the Isle of Man and had two sons William who succeeded his father in his honours and died without issue 22 Having unhappily slain his own Son while he train'd him at tilting and John a Knight who died before his brother leaving by Margaret his wife daughter and heiress of Thomas de Monthermer John Earl of Salisbury * De monte Hermerti who being a time-server and conspiring against King Henry 4. was slain at l It should be Cirencester in Comitar Glocestr Chichester A.D. 1400 and afterwards attainted of High Treason Notwithstanding which his son Thomas was restored to his blood and estate one of the greatest Generals of his age whether we consider his pains in all matters of moment his unwearied constancy in all undertakings and his quickness in putting his designs in execution who whilst he besieged Orleans in France was wounded by a Dart from a * è tormento majori Balist of which he died A. D. 1428. Alice his only daughter was married to Richard Nevil Pat. 20 Hen. 6. 1461. to whom she brought the title of Earl of Sarum who following the York-party was taken Prisoner in a battel at Wakefield and beheaded he was succeeded by Richard his son Earl of Warwick and Salisbury who taking delight in dangers engaged his Country in a fresh Civil War in which he lost his own life Isabella one of his daughters married George Duke of Clarence brother to K. Edw. 4. by whom he had a son call'd Edward 23 Earl of Warwick who was unjustly beheaded in his childhood by K. Henry 7. and his sister Margaret to whom the title of Countess of Salisbury was restor'd 24 By Henry 8. in a full Parliament about the fifth year of his reign suffer'd the same fate at 70 years of age by the command of Henry 8. For it is an usual practice among Princes to put to death or perpetually to imprison their kindred upon slight surmizes which are never wanting that they and their posterity may be the better established in the Throne Ann the other daughter of Richard Nevil Earl of Warwick and Salisbury was wife to Richard 3 25 Duke of Glocester and Brother to K. Edw. 4. to whom after she had born Edward * Whom his Unkle K. Edward in the 17th of his reign created Earl of Salisbury and Richard his father usurping the Kingdom made c. Prince of Wales who dy'd young she her self dy'd not without suspicion of poyson From that time this honorary title ceased until A. D. 1605. the most potent K. James dignify'd therewith Robert Cecil second son to our Nestor Wil. Cecil for his prudence and good service to his King and Country whom as I have said he had before honour'd with the titles of Baron Cecil of Essenden and Viscount Cranburn for his great merits and industry in promoting the good of the Kingdom So much concerning the Earls of Salisbury bb Below this City upon the Avon is seated Duncton Duncton or Donketon which is reported to be a very ancient Corporation Bogo commonly Beavois and famous for the seat of Beavois of Southampton who for his valour much celebrated by the Bards is commonly accounted one of the great Worthies Salisbury is every way encompass'd with the open plains unless it be toward the east Clarendon on which side it hath the neighbourhood of the large Park of Clarendon very commodious for keeping and breeding Deer and once beautified with a royal palace
come by water makes fuel extreme dear b On the west-side of this Shire is Grafton Grafton which was held in capite by John de S. Mauro or Seymour †An. 14 Edw. 3. by the service of keeping one white Bracket of the King 's having red ears This Bracket seems to have been the same with the ancient Bracco which signify'd those lesser sort of dogs that scent out for game The place hath given the title of Duke to Henry Fitz-Roy Baron of Sudbury Viscount Ipswich and Earl of Euston created Duke of Grafton Sept. 11. 1675. which honours Charles of the same name at present enjoys c The river Avon our Author will have to be the Antona of Tacitus but if the sense of the Historian be as a later writer has interpreted it that Ostorius block'd up the Britains between the rivers Antona and Sabrina it is impossible for any one to fix it here since the Avon and Severn are so far from joyning that they take almost a quite contrary course From the whole series of that Action and the thred of the history 't is much more probable it was that Avon which runs into the Severn as is observ'd in the Additions to Wiltshire LEICESTER SHIRE by Robt. Morden The old town * Leâ—â—ltin MS. had within the walls seven Parish-Churches besides two that were in the Suburbs so that it must have been large and populous About the latter end of Hen. 3. †Full. Hist of Cambr. p. 13. it was made choice of by some scholars of the University of Cambridge for a retirement occasion'd by the quarrels that were then on foot Here they met with many Oxford-men who had come away upon the like occasion and so for a while with the King's leave prosecuted their Studies along with them by which means it had some face of an University 'T is possible enough that the place in this town which was call'd the College might be a remain of their presence here But after three years continuance as appears by the King's Letters it was dissolv'd and express orders given that no one should for the future study there as in an University because as the said Letters intimate it was a manifest damage and inconvenience to the ancient University of Oxford e Within the Demesnes of Boughton Boughton ‖ Full. Wor. p. 280. is a spring which incrustateth wood or any thing that falls into it with a stony substance There was preserv'd in Sidney College in Cambridge a skull brought from thence all over stone both within and without it was sent for by King Charles 1. but was safely return'd to the College f At some distance from hence is Naseby Naseby eminent of late years for the bloody battel fought there in the year 1645. between his Majesty King Char. 1. and the Parliament-Army There are now no signs of a fight remaining except some few holes which were the burying-places of the dead men and horses The town is said by some to stand upon the highest ground in England g The History of Peterburrow Peterburrow is so distinctly deliver'd by our Author and since his time so accurately handl'd in a separate Volume that 't is in vain to attempt any farther discoveries about it We shall only observe what is agreeable to our method and design that it has of late years afforded the title of Earl to John Lord Mordant created Mar. 9.3 Car. 1. who in the year 1643. was succeeded in that honour by Henry Lord Mordant his son h South-west from Braybroke is Sibertoste â—â—bertoste which manour Nicholas de Archer in the time of Edw. Edw. 1. 1. held by the Service of carrying the King his bow thro' all the forests in England i Not far from Rockingham is Laxton â—axton wherein there were lands held by the Service of hunting in all the King's forests and parks throughout Oxfordshire 〈◊〉 2 Ed. 2. 〈◊〉 An 4 4. Buckinghamshire Huntingdonshire and this County to destroy all the vermin in each of them And the manour of Hightesley was held upon condition to find dogs for the destruction of wolves foxes c. k Haringworth â—â—â—ingâ—â—orth which in our Author's time belong'd to the Lords Zouch has been since sold to a Gentleman who has a fair seat at Bullick hard by Only where the great house formerly stood there was a Chapel in which the family of the Zouches were bury'd and that with the monuments therein was reserv'd to the said family But now 't is almost quite ruinated the roof fall'n in some of the walls down and the floor rooted up by hogs l But the most stately seat of these parts is Burghley Burghley a noble pile of stone-building rais'd indeed about a hundred years since by William Lord Burghley but adorn'd and beautify'd by the present Earl of Exeter For loftiness of rooms great variety of pictures terrasses conduits fish-ponds fountains c. it may vie with the best in England The painting and carving are so curious that some travellers have affirm'd they have met with nothing either in Italy or France that exceeds them The park is improv'd by planting a multitude of walks of ash elm chesnut and several other sorts of trees Thro' this park passeth the old Roman way mention'd by our Author and so on to Walcote above Berneck and not beneath as he tells us At Wothorpe a little distance from this the Earl of Exeter hath another handsom seat with a little park wall'd about It was built by Thomas Cecil Earl of Exeter and tho' not very small for after the Restoration it was large enough to hold the late Duke of Buckingham and his family for some years yet so mean did it seem in comparison of the former that its Founder pleasantly said he built it only to retire to out of the dust while his great house of Burleigh was a-sweeping Continuation of the EARLS Henry Howard the last Earl mention'd by our Author having never marry'd and dying 15. June 1614. this honour in the year 1618. was conferr'd upon William Lord Compton Lord President of Wales who was succeeded first by Spenser his son and heir then by James his grandson son and heir to the said Spenser and at present the honour is enjoy'd by George of the same name son to James aforesaid More rare Plants growing wild in Northamptonshire Eryngium vulgare J. B. vulgare Camerarii C. B. mediterraneum Ger. mediterraneum seu campestre Park Common Eryngo This was sent me by Mr. Thornton who observed it not far from Daventry beside the old Roman way called Watlingstreet near a village named Brookhall Gentiana concava Ger. Saponaria concava Anglica C. B. folio convoluto J. B. Anglica folio convoluto Park Hollow-leaved Gentian or rather Sopewort This was first found by Gerard in a small grove of a wood called the Spinney near Lichbarrow Gnaphalium montanum sive Pes cati Park Mountain-Cudweed or
kind which they call Peregrins For according to the account they give of them I need not use other words to describe them than these verses of that excellent Poet of our age Augustus Thuanus Esmerius in that golden book he entitles Hieracosophion Depressus capitis vertex oblongaque toto Corpore pennarum series pallentia crura Et graciles digiti ac sparsi naresque rotundae Flat heads and feathers laid in curious rows O'er all their parts hook'd beaks and slender claws The sea now with great violence assails the land receding from this Promontory which is a small region call'd the Lordship of Kemaes B◠〈◊〉 Kâ—â—â—â— Fâ—â—â—â— The chief place in it is Fiscard seated on a steep rock and having a convenient harbour for shipping so call'd by the English from a Fishery there and by the Britains Aber-Gwain which signifies the mouth of the river Gwain The next is Newport Neâ—pâ—â—â— * At the foot of a high mountain on the river Nevern call'd in British Trevdraeth which signifies the town on the sand 6 And in Latin Records Novus Burgus This was built by Martin of Tours whose posterity made it a corporation granted it several privileges and constituted therein a Portrieve and Bayliff and also built themselves a Castle above the town which was their chief seat They also founded the Monastery of St. Dogmael St. Dogmael bâ—â—â— St. Tegâ—â—â— 7 According to the Order of Tours on the bank of the river Teivi in a Vale encompass'd with hills from which the village adjoyning as many other towns from Monasteries took it's beginning This Barony was first wrested out of the hands of the Welsh by Martin of Tours Lords â—f Kemaâ—â— The faâ— iâ— of the Mâ—â—tinâ— from whose posterity who were from him call'd Martins it descended by marriage to the Barons de Audeley They held it a long time until the reign of King Henry 8. when William Owen descended from a daughter of Sir Nicholas Martin after a tedious suit at law for his right at last obtain'd it and left it to his son George who being an exquisite Antiquary has inform'd me that there are in this Barony besides the three Burrows Newport Fishgard and St. Dogmael 20 Knights-fees and 26 Parishes More inward on the river Teivi already mention'd lies Kil Garan 〈◊〉 Garan which shews the ruins of a Castle built by Giraldus But now being reduc'd to one street it 's famous for no other thing than a plentiful Salmon Fishery For there is a very famous Salmon-Leap â—â—e Salâ—â—â—â—eap where the river falls headlong and the Salmons making up from the sea towards the Shallows of the river when they come to this cataract bend their tails to their mouths nay sometimes that they may leap with greater force hold it in their teeth and then upon disengaging themselves from their circle with a certain violence as when a stick that 's bent is reflected they cast themselves from the water up to a great height even to the admiration of the spectators which Ausonius thus describes very elegantly Nec te puniceo rutilantem viscere Salmo Transierim latae cujus vaga verbera caudae Gurgite de medio summas referuntur in undas Nor thou red Salmon shalt be last in fame Whose flirting tail cuts through the deepest stream With one strong jerk the wondring flood deceives And sporting mounts thee to the utmost waves There have been divers Earls of Penbroke â—â—rls of â—â—nbrâ—ke descended from several families As for Arnulph of Montgomery who first conquer'd it and was afterwards out-law'd and his Castellan Girald of Windsor whom King Henry 1. made afterwards President over the whole country I can scarce affirm that they were Earls King Stephen first conferr'd the title of Earl of Pembroke upon Gilbert Strongbow son of Gislebert de Clare He left it to his son Richard Strongbow the Conquerour of Ireland who was as Giraldus has it à Clara Clarensium familia oriundus descended from the famous family of the Clares Isabella the only daughter of this Earl brought this title to her husband William Marshal so call'd for that his Ancestors had been hereditary Marshals of the King's palace a very accomplish'd person well instructed in the arts of peace and war Of whom we find this Epitaph in Rudburn's Annals Sum quem Saturnum sibi sensit Hibernia Solem Anglia Mercurium Normannia Gallia Martem Me Mars the French their Sun the English own'd The Normans Mercury Irish Saturn found After him his five sons were successively Earls of Pembroke viz. William call'd the younger Richard who having rebell'd against Henry 3. fled into Ireland where he died in battel Gilbert who at a tournament in War was unhors'd and so kill'd and Walter and Anselm 8 Who enjoy'd this honour but a few days All these dying in a short space without issue King Henry 3. invested with the honour of this Earldom William de Valentia of the family of Lusignia in Poictiers who was his own brother by the mother's side and marry'd Joan the daughter of Gwarin de Mont Chensey by a daughter of William Marshal To William de Valentia succeeded his son Audomar who was Governour of Scotland under K. Edw. 1. His 9 Eldest second sister and coheiress Elizabeth being marry'd to John Lord Hastings brought this title into a new family For Lawrence Hastings his grandchild by a son 10 Lord of Weishford and c. who was Lord of Abergavenny was made E. of Penbroke by a Rescript of K. Edward 3. a copy whereof it may not be amiss to subjoyn here that we may see what right there was by heirs-female in these honorary titles Rex omnibus ad quos c. salutem Know ye that the good presage of wisdom and virtue which we have conceiv'd by the towardly youth and happy beginnings of our most well beloved Cousin Lawrence Hastings deservedly induce us to countenance him with our especial grace and favour in those things which concern the due preservation and maintenance of his honour Whereas therefore the inheritance of Aimar of Valence sometime Earl of Penbroke deceas'd long since without heir begotten of his body hath been devolv'd upon his sisters proportionably to be divided among them and their heirs because we know for certain that the foresaid Lawrence who succeedeth the said Aimar in part of the inheritance is descended from the eldest sister of Aimar aforesaid and so by the avouching of the learned whom we consulted about this matter the Prerogative both of name and honour is due unto him We deem it just and due that the same Lawrence claiming his title from the elder sister assume and have the name of Earl of Penbroke which the said Aimar had whilst he liv'd Which as much as lyeth in us we confirm ratifie and also approve unto him willing and granting that the said Lawrence have and hold the Prerogative and honour of Earl-Palatine in those lands
3. had seiz'd their lands into his hands he granted the Rape of Hastings first to Peter Earl of Savoy then to Prince Edward his son and after upon his surrender to John son to the Duke of Little Britain upon certain exchanges of lands pertaining to the Honour of Richmond which Peter Earl of Savoy had made over for the use of the Prince Long time after when the Dukes of Britain had lost their lands in England for adhering to the French King King Henry 4. gave the Rape of Hastings with the mannour of Crowherst Burgwash c. to Sir John Pelham the elder upon whose loyalty wisdom and valour he much relied Furthermore as there were certain great Gentlemen in this County at the beginning of the Norman times sirnam'd de Hastings one of whom Matthew de Hastings held the mannour of Grenocle by this tenure â—â—uisitio 5. â—w 1. That he should find at this haven an Oar whenever the King would cross the seas so the noble family of the Hastings now Earls of Huntingdon enjoys this title of Hastings For King Edward 4. bestow'd it with certain Royalties upon William Hastings his Chamberlain â—illiam â—d Haâ—â—â—ngs who is commended by Cominaeus for that having receiv'd a yearly pension from Lewis xi the French King he could not by any means be perswaded to give him an acquittance under his own hand I will in no case said he that my hand be seen among the accounts of the French King's treasury But this man by falling too deep into the friendship of Kings quite overwhelmed himself For whilst he deliver'd his mind too freely in a Cabinet-Council with the Usurper Richard 3. he was unexpectedly hurried away and without trial beheaded immediately l He had notwithstanding an honourable burial in S. George's Chapel in Windsor leaving issue Edward Lord Hastings his son and heir Neither must we forget to take notice â— H. 6. â—on Hoo â—d Haâ—â—â—ngs that King Henry 6. ennobled Tho. Hoo a worthy person whom he also chose into the Order of the Garter with the Title of Baron Hoo and Hastings whose daughters and heirs were marry'd to Geoffrey Bollen from whom by the mothers side Queen Elizabeth was descended to Roger Copeley John Carew and John Devenish Thence the shore retires backwards and is hollow'd inwards being full of many windings and creeks within which stands Winchelsea Winchelsea built in the time of K. Edward 1. when a more ancient town of the same name in Saxon Wincelsea was quite swallow'd up by the raging and tempestuous Ocean in the year 1250. at which time the face of the earth both here and in the adjoyning coast of Kent was much alter'd It 's situation I will set before you in the very words of Tho. Walsingham Situate it is upon a very high hill very steep on that side which looks towards the sea or overlooks the Road where the Ships lie at Anchor Whence it is that the way leading from that port to the haven goes not streight forward lest it should by a down-right descent force those that go down to fall head-long or them that go up to creep rather on their hands than walk but lying sideways it winds with crooked turns in and out to one side and the other At first it was inclos'd with a mud after with a very strong wall but scarce began to flourish till it was sack'd by the French and Spaniards and by the sea 's shrinking back from it as it were on a sudden faded and fell to decay 28 And now only beareth the countenance of a fair town and hath under it in the level which the sea relinquished a Castle fortify'd by Henry 8. and large marshes defended from Sea-rages with works very chargeable h By which accident and the benefit of the sea it 's neighbour Rye Rye began to flourish or rather to reflourish for that it flourish'd in ancient times and that William of Ipres Earl of Kent fortify'd it Ipres Tower and the immunities and privileges that it had in common with the Cinque-Ports do sufficiently shew But either by reason of the Vicinity of Winchelsea or the sea 's recess it was inconsiderable for a long time But when Winchelsea decay'd and King Edward 3. wall'd it about it began to recover it self and within the memory of our fathers the Ocean to make a rich amends for the injury it had done swell'd with an extraordinary tempest and broke so violently in insinuating it self in form of a bay that it made a very convenient Port which another tempest likewise in our age did not a little contribute to Since which time it has greatly re-flourish'd with inhabitants buildings fishing and navigation and is now the usual passage from hence to Normandy 29 Yet now it beginneth to complain that the sea abandoneth it such is the variable and interchangeable course of that element and in part imputeth it that the river Rother is not contain'd in his Chanel and so loseth it's force to carry away the sands and beach which the sea doth inhear into the haven Notwithstanding it hath many Fishing vessels and serveth London and the Court with variety of Sea-fish But as to it's name whether it takes it from Rive a Norman word which signifies a Bank I cannot easily say Yet since in Records it is very often call'd in Latin ripa and they who bring fish from thence are termed Ripiers I encline the rather this way and should encline more if the French us'd this word for a shore as Pliny does Ripa 30 These two towns neither may it seem impertinent to note it belong'd to the Abbey of Fescampe in Normandy But when K. Henry 3. perceiv'd that Religious men intermingled secretly in matters of state he gave them in exchange for these two Chiltenham and Sclover two manours in Gloucestershire and other lands adding for the reason that the Abbots and Monks might not lawfully sight with temporal Arms against the enemies of the Crown Into this haven the river Rother or Rither hath it's influx which springing at Ritheramfeld River Rother for so the old English call'd that town which we call Rotherfeld runs by Burgwash formerly Burghersh Lords Burghersh which had Lords so sirnam'd amongst whom was that Sir Bartholomew Burgwash a mighty man in his time who being found by most solemn embassies and the wars in Aquitain to be a person of great prudence and undaunted valour was thought fit to be created a Baron of England and to be admitted into the Order of the Garter at the very first institution even amongst the Founders as also to be Constable of Dover-Castle and Warden of the Cinque-Ports And his son of the same Christian name no way degenerating from his father liv'd in a great deal of splendor and honour but left but one only daughter behind him marry'd into the family of Le Despencer descended m Call'd S. Mary's of Robertsbridge and
the hortatory Letters of several Bishops of both nations to the Clergy under their charge for recommendation of the business to their particular Congregations By which Letters there were Indulgences granted for release of Penance enjoined extending to certain numbers of days to all such as being truly penitent should afford their assistance toward this great work which Indulgences were not only granted to the Contributors toward it but also to the Sollicitors for Contributions and to the very Mechanicks who laboured in it * Dugdale's Hâ—st of S. Paul's By this means in the space of about 72 years viz. An. 1312. it seems to have been finish'd being paved that year with good firm marble which cost 5 d. per foot An exact measure was then also taken of it which being written in a Tablet in large Characters heretofore hung on the north part of the Quire from whence our Author seems to have taken the dimensions for he differs in nothing from what was exprest in the Table but in the height of the steeple Tho' the height of the tower indeed from the level of the ground was 260 foot and the height of the spire above it 274 as he says yet the whole viz. both of tower and spire did not exceed 520 foot as is testify'd by the Tablet whereof there is a MS. Copy in the publick Library in Cambridge and this is 14 foot short of the height mention d by our Author who makes it 534 foot high agreeable to the two dimensions of the tower and spire added together which must indeed have been true had the spire risen from the summit of the battlements whereas I suppose it rose as the spires of most steeples do much below them the battlements here rising 14 foot above the base of the spire which must occasion the difference Nor is our Author only out in the height of the steeple and length of the Church too Survey p. 353. if Stow may be believed who in the year 1599. says it was found to be 720 foot long but defective in the dimensions of the Ball and Cross which were also set down in the same Tablet The Ball above the head of the spire being so very large that it would contain in it ten bushels of corn and the length of the Cross above the said Ball or Pommel 15 foot and the traverse 6. In which Cross the reliques of divers Saints were put by Gilbert de Segrave then Bishop of London to the intent that God Almighty by the glorious merits of his Saints whose reliques were therein contained would vouchsafe to preserve the steeple from all danger of tempests But how ineffectual those matters were for that purpose after-ages shewed for within 132 years after viz. An. 1444. 22 Hen. 6. the shaft or Spire was fired by Lightning which tho' happily quenched by the labour of many well disposed people yet did so much harm that it was not sufficiently repaired till the year 1462. 2 Edw. 4. when a costly Weathercock of Copper gilt the length whereof from head to tail was 4 foot the breadth over the wings 3 foot and a half of 40 pounds weight was added to it the Cross whereon it stood that from the Ball upwards was 15 foot 6 inches long and the traverse 5 foot 10 inches being made within of firm Oak and cover'd first with Lead which was plated over again with Copper varnish'd red the Ball being also of Copper gilt in compass 9 foot and one inch as appear'd by measure at the taking of it down for it's better repair An. 1553. 1 Mariae Dugd. Hist of S. Paul's And thus being brought once more to perfection it stood not much above an hundred years but a more deplorable mischance befell it again by Lightning July 4. An. 1561. 3 Eliz. whereby the shaft was first set on fire about 3 yards from the top which being wholly consumed it next seized the roof of the Church and Iles burning down all the rafters and whatever else was liable to it in 4 hours time The repair hereof was prosecuted with that zeal and diligence by the Queen Clergy and Layity that in Apr. 1566. all the roofs of timber were perfectly finish'd and cover'd with lead only the steeple tho' divers models were then made of it was left imperfect which continued so notwithstanding the attempts made towards it's farther reparation temp Jac. 1. and by Archbishop Laud temp Car. 1. till it was again wholly consumed just a hundred years after Ibidem in that dreadful Conflagration above-mention'd An. 1666. In the account whereof I have been thus particular because even what the fire it self left is now also demolish'd to the very foundation in order to the structure of that stupendous pile now erecting the charge whereof is chiefly supported by an impost on Sea-coal which certainly is a much better fund than that of Benevolence whereby the former Church was built The description hereof because not yet near perfected I leave to posterity l As to what some conjecture Diana's Temple that the Church of S. Paul covers the same ground where there anciently stood a Temple of Diana in the times of Paganism induced thereunto by the name of some adjacent tenements which the Dean and Chapter in their Leases call Camera Dianae and the Stags-head fix'd upon the point of a spear and carry'd about the Church in solemn procession suitably to the ancient devotions to Diana Much rather should I have founded such an opinion upon the witty conceit of Mr. Selden who upon occasion of some Ox-heads sacred also to Diana discover'd in digging the foundations of a new Chapel on the south-side of S. Pauls An. 1316. would insinuate that the name of London imported no more than Llan Dien i.e. Templum Dianae For as for the tenements call'd Camera Dianae they stood not so near the Church as some would have us think but on S. Pauls-wharf-hill near Doctors Commons and took their denomination from a spacious Building full of intricate turnings wherein King Hen. 2. as he did at Woodstock kept his hearts delight whom he there call'd Fair Rosamund and here Diana Of which winding vaults there remain'd some parts in Mr. Stow's time Survey p. 781. as also of a passage under ground from Baynard's Castle to it which possibly might be the King's way to his Camera Dianae or secret apartment of his beautiful Mistress And as to the donation of a Buck annually to the Dean and Chapter on the feast of the Commemoration of St. Paul and carrying the head in procession before the Cross it was so far from being a relique of Paganism that it seems to have been a plain composition betwixt the Church and the Family of Baud of no older date than the 3d of Edw. 1. in lieu of 22 Acres of Land parcel of their Manour of Westley granted to Sir William Baud to be took into his Park at Coringham in Essex Which being an acknowledgment
occasion to derive it from hay seem to lye under the same inconvenience in that the soil does not favour either of these or at least not so much as to render the place eminent for them I would not willingly go any farther than the Saxon heah deep the remains whereof our Northern parts still retain in their how which they use for deep or low and the breakings in of the sea with the banks made against it sufficiently declare how much the nature of the place contributes towards this conjecture c Upon the confines of Norfolk lyes Tydd Tydd a small village but famous for the once Rector of it Nicholas Breakspear who planted Christianity in Norway for which good service to the Church he was afterwards made Cardinal and in the year 1154 Pope under the name of Hadrian the fourth d To endeavour the discovery of any thing that looks like Roman hereabouts would be a search as fruitless as unreasonable and for its condition in the Saxon times Ingulphus fully answers that whose history no doubt is the best intelligence for those parts For which reasons we shall take leave of it and go along with our Author into the second part of this County having first observ'd that this as well as Lindsey division has had its Earls and gave title to Henry Rich Lord Kensington created Earl of Holland Apr. 3. 22 Jac. 1. He was succeeded by Robert his son who had the additional title of Earl of Warwick by the death of Charles Rich Earl of that place his Cousin-german Whereupon both titles are at present enjoy'd by the right honourable Edward Rich stil'd Earl of Warwick and Holland e Kesteven Kesteven Mr. Camden observes is call'd by Aethelwerd Ceostefne Sylva the wood Ceostefne The reason of it is this because there was really a great forest at this end of the division where now are the large fenns call'd Deeping-Fenns c. A plain argument whereof is that the trunks of trees are dugg up in several ditches thereabouts which lye cover'd some two foot with a light black mold And Mr. Neal to whom the world is indebted for this and other discoveries in this County tells me that in a ditch of his own just at the edge of the fenns there was about 12 years ago several trunks of trees lying in the bottom and in another place as many acorns turn'd out of one hole as would fill a hat very firm and hard but colour'd black and now there is no tree standing near that place by a mile except here and there a willow lately set The same Gentleman assures me he has by him the copy of the Exemplification of the Letters Patents of Jac. 1. dated at Westminster Febr. 15. in the fifth of his reign over England and over Scotland the 41. wherein he recites by way of Inspeximus the Letters Patents of Henry 3. dated at Portsmouth the 23d of April in the 14th of his reign who thereby disafforested the said forest of Kesteven in perpetuum which was also confirm'd by the Letters Patents of Edward the third in the 20th of his reign wherein the said forest is butted and bounded to extend on one side from Swafton to East-Deeping as Caresdike extends it self which is a dike running cross the top of the Fenns not only of Deeping-Fenn but also of that great fenn beyond the river Glen call'd Lindsey-level and on the other side it extends to the division call'd Holland f Having made our way into this division by a previous account why some old Authors call it a wood or forest whereas now there appearing no such thing the readers might be surpriz'd let us accompany Mr. Camden to Stanford Stanford the first remarkable place we meet with As to the Antiquity of it our English Historians afford us very large testimonies Henry Huntingdon lib. 5. pag 203. in his description of the wars between Edmund Ironside and the Danes calls it an ancient city and Ingulphus p. 515. tells us there were Terms held at Stamford and Hoveden in the book of Crowland p. 249. calls it Stamfordshire being a County-town and very commodious it is for that use this end of Lincolnshire adjoyning to it being 36 miles from Lincoln and the end of Northamtonshire next it on that side no less from Northamton which distance is a great inconvenience to the inhabitants so often as their business calls them to the Assizes Stow p. 131. tells us there was a Mint for coyning of money in Stamford-Baron in the time of King Athelstan but this probably was some privilege granted to the Abbots of Peterburrow for this is that parish that 's within Northamtonshire and is within a distinct liberty granted to the Abbots of Peterburrow g Mr. Neal before-mention'd has an old Manuscript fragment of an history that says Stamford was an University long before our Saviour's time and continued so till the year 300 when it was dissolv'd by the Pope for adhering to Arrius For the first founder of it that Author quotes Merlin a British Historian But whatever deference we pay to the authority of the History from the circumstances it seems pretty plain as the same Gentleman has observ'd that it must be of longer date than Ed. 3. For upon that quarrel mention'd by Mr. Camden which happen'd between the Southern and Northern Scholars the latter it seems came hither in Nov. 1333. and return'd to Oxford before 1334. so that their short stay could not allow them any great opportunities for building But here are still the remains of two Colleges one call'd Black-hall and the other Brazen-noze in the gate whereof is a great brazen Nose and a ring through it like that at Oxford And 't is evident that this did not take its pattern from Oxford but Oxford from it because Brazen-nose College in Oxford was not built before the reign of Henry the seventh and this is at least as old as Edw. 3. or probably older h So much for the University there The government of the town Mr. Camden tells us An Alderman and 24 Câ—â—burgâ—ers is by an Alderman and 24 Comburgenses When this begun is not so certain being much elder than the first Charter they have For there is a list of sixty upon the Court-Roll sworn there before the Incorporation viz. from 1398. to 1460. the first year of Edward the fourth So that Edward the fourth by his Charter seems rather to confirm an old custom than establish a new one 'T is very observable here that they have the Custom which Littleton the famous Common-Lawyer calls Burrough English Burroâ—g Eng â—â— viz. the younger sons inherit what Lands or Tenements their fathers dye possess'd of within this Manour i My Lord Burghley founded a Hospital here but when Mr. Camden says he is bury'd in the Parish-Church of S. George in Stamford it is a mistake for he lyes in S. Martin's Church in Stamford-Barron which is in Northamptonshire k After the death of
that name to the place where Oswald's Hundred-Court was to be kept and the whole Hundred took it's name from thence It is very usual for Hundreds to be denominated from a hill a field a tree a stone or a cross where the Court is call'd In this Charter there is mention of Ulferes law and Cuthburges law Hundreds now swallow'd up in Oswald's law and in other Counties the names of Hundreds often terminate in law as in Herefordshire Radlaw and Wormlaw Hundreds On the rising ground before-mention'd the Hundred-Court is still call'd p Below Powick on the Eastern-bank of the Severn stands Kemsey â—â—â—sey an ancient manour of the Bishops of Worcester where before the Conquest and many Ages after they had a noble Palace which hath been long since demolish'd so that the ruins are not discernable About three miles Southward is Cromb D'abetot â—â—mb â—â—â—etot nam'd from Urso d'Abetot anciently Lord thereof now the chief seat of the Lord Coventry and the adjoyning Church is the burial place of the family About two miles on the West-side of the Severn is Great Malvern Great Malvern an Abbey seated at the foot of the hill which was founded by one Aldwin a Hermite in the eighteenth year of the Conquerour's reign and himself with King Henry his son were benefactors to it This house was of the Benedictine-Order and a Cell belonging to Westminster-Abbey A very fair Church is yet remaining which serves the Parish but almost nothing is left to maintain a Minister Two miles South from this lies Little Malvern Little Malvern in a dismal cavity of the hill It was founded An. Dom. 1171. by Joceline and Edred two brothers who were successively Priors of the house which was also of the Benedictine-Order and a Cell of the Monastery of Worcester pp When our Author observes that a ditch was drawn to divide the lands of the Earl of Glocester from those of the Church of Worcester it is a mistake for Hereford For that Church hath several manours on the West-side Malvern-hills and * Angl. Sacr. Annal. Wig. A.D. 1278. p. 503. there was a famous quarrel between Thomas de Cantilupe Bishop of Hereford and this Earl touching some lands claim'd by the Bishop in Malvern-chace and the Judges who were to decide that controversie sate in the Chace q Mr. Camden observes that Washbourn Washbourn under Bredon-hills with some other villages in this County are quite sever'd from the main body the reason whereof may be too obscure to attempt a positive account of it But it is worthy our observation that in fact all these dismembred parts except Dudley were originally Church-lands Old Barrow environ'd by Warwickshire belong'd to Evesham-Abbey Alderminster to Pershore All the rest were the lands of the Bishop and Church of Worcester before the division of England into Counties and tho' several of these have been alienated many ages yet they are still in Oswaldslow Hundred as Olb-barrow is in the Hundred of Blackenhurst and Alderminster in Pershore Hundred but the foundation of the last Abbey is later than the division into Shires As for Dudley the Castle stands in Staffordshire but the Church and Town in this County Before the Conquest Edwin Earl of Mercia had both town and castle which were given to William Fitz-Ausculf from whom through several hands they are come to the Lord Ward heir of the last Lord Dudley by his mother after whose decease he will also bear the title of the Lord Dudley It appears that above 450 years ago the town and castle were under different Civil Jurisdictions as at present and the Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction was settled by the Pope's Mandate between the Bishops of Worcester and Lichfield according to the limits of the two Counties †Vide Annal Wigorn. ad An. 1238 in Angl. Sacr T. 1. p. 490. r As we have follow'd the Severn thus far so we must return towards the North along the Avon upon which lies the town of Evesham an ancient Borough enjoying many privileges some by prescription and others by divers Charters govern'd by two Bailiffs till the third year of King James 1. who at the request of Prince Henry granted them a new Charter giving the chief Magistrate the title of Mayor and making the Corporation to consist of seven Aldermen twelve capital Burgesses a Recorder and Chamberlain who are all of the Common-Council as also four and twenty other Burgesses call'd Assistants and extended their jurisdiction over the adjoyning parish of Bengworth He likewise granted them more ample privileges particularly power to try and execute Felons within the Borough It sends two Burgesses to Parliament s Hereabouts on the South-part of the County Mr. Camden places Oswaldslaw-hundred but that is a mistake for this Hundred is not one continu'd tract of ground but consists of Townships scatter'd in all parts of the County where the Bishop or Monastery of Worcester had lands at the time when King Edgar granted that Charter to Oswald This is evident to any person who observes the places nam'd in that Charter as it is printed in ‖ Vol. 1. p. 433. Spelman's Councils and in the * Vol. 1. p. 140. Monasticon Anglicanum It is esteem'd a full third part of the County but at this day doth not enjoy a third part of that Hundred t After our Author has run through this Shire he tells us that Augustine's Oak is somewhere in the County but the place not certainly known Some conjectures have been offer'd at the precise place Sir Henry Spelman thinks there are some footsteps of the name in Ausric a village in this County bordering on Herefordshire which as he expounds Huntingdon lies in the confines of the Wiccians and the West-Saxons The name of this village he supposes may be a contraction of Austines ric i.e. Austin's territory But to omit some other material objections 't is certain that the vulgar maps deceiv'd that learned Knight which are false printed and should be Aulfrick which name at its full length in old writings is Alfredes-wic but his own mistake is less pardonable in making Herefordshire a province of the West-Saxons Others have conjectur'd that Austins-Oak may have been in a parish call'd corruptly the Rock but doubtless by our Saxon Ancestors þaere ac and in Latin Aka Now this parish lies in that part of the Shire which is most remote from the West-Saxon kingdom bordering on Shropshire All the light we have is from Bede who is the only writer within 400 years of the time that mentions this congress He says it was in the confines of the Wiccians and West-Saxons He doth not say it was in Wiccia much less that it was in that part of the Province which is now call'd Worcestershire but that it was in the confines of the West-Saxons upon whom Worcestershire doth not border any where So that admitting this Oak to be in Hwiccia it must needs have stood in that part of Glocestershire which bounds
has gradually withdrawn it self so that the town has lost the benefit of them and the advantage of a harbour which it enjoy'd heretofore It 's situation in Longitude is 20 degrees and 23 minutes in Latitude 53 degrees 11 minutes Whoever desires to know more of this City may read this passage taken out of Lucian the Monk who lived almost five hundred years ago First it is to be considered that the City of Chester is a place very pleasantly situated and being in the west parts of Britain stood very convenient to receive the Roman Legions that were transported hither and besides it was proper for watching the frontiers of the Empire and was a perfect key to Ireland For being opposite to the north parts of Ireland it opened a passage thither for ships and mariners continually in motion to and again Besides it lyes curiously not only for prospect towards Rome and the Empire but the whole world a spectacle exposed to the eye of all the world so that from hence may be discern'd the great actions of the world and the first springs and consequents of them the persons who the places where and the times when they were transacted We may also take example from the ill conduct of them to discern the base and mean things and learn to avoid them The City has four gates answering the four winds on the east-side it has a prospect towards India on the west towards Ireland and on the north towards the greater Norway and lastly on the south to that little corner wherein God's vengeance has confined the Britains for their Civil wars and dissentions which heretofore changed the name of Britain into England and how they live to this day their neighbours know to their sorrow Moreover God has blest and enrich'd Chester with a river running pleasantly and full of fish by the city walls and on the south side with a harbour to ships coming from Gascoign Spain Ireland and Germany who by Christ's assistance and by the labour and conduct of the mariners repair hither and supply them with all sorts of commodities so that being comforted by the grace of God in all things we drink wine very plentifully for those countries have abundance of vineyards Moreover the open sea ceases not to visit us every day with a tide which according as the broad shelves of sand are open or shut by tides and ebbs continually is wont more or less to change or send one thing or other and by reciprocal ebb and flow either to bring in or carry out From the city northwestward there runneth out a Chersonese into the sea inclosed on one side with the aestuary Dee and on the other with the river Mersey we call it Wirall Wâ—â—â— the Welsh because it is a corner Kill-gury d this was all heretofore a desolate forest and not inhabited as the natives say but King Edw. 3. disforested it Now it is well furnish'd with towns which are more favoured by the sea than by the soil for the land affords them very little corn but the water a great many fish In the entry into it on the south-side by the aestuary stands Shotwick a castle of the Kings on the north stands Hooton a manour which in Richard 2.'s time fell to the Stanleys who derive themselves from one Alan Sylvestris upon whom Ranulph the first of that name Earl of Chester conferr'd the Bailywick of the forest of Wiral by the delivery of a horn Just by this stands Poole from whence the Lords of that place who have liv'd very honourably and in a flourishing condition this long time took their name Near this is Stanlaw that is Law 〈◊〉 as the Monks there have explain'd it a stony-hill where John Lacy Constable of Chester built a little Monastery which by reason of inundations was forced afterwards to be remov'd to Whaly in the County of Lancaster 11â— At the farthest end of this Chersonese there lies a little barren dry sandy Island called Il-bre Iâ—â— which had formerly a small cell of Monks More inward east of this Chersonese lies the famous forest called the Forest of Delamere the foresters whereof by inheritance are the Dawns of Utkinton of an honourable family being descended from Ranulph of Kingleigh to whom Ranulph the first Earl of Chester gave the inheritance of that office of Forester In this forest Aedelfleda the famous Mercian Lady built a little city called Eades-burg that is a happy town which has now d There is no reason why the name of this place should be thought altogether lost or it's ruins grop'd for in the Forest of de la mer so long as we have still in the County so noted a place as Edisbury-hall which gives name not only to an eminent family but to a whole Hundred lost both its name and being for at present 't is only a heap of rubbish which they call the Chamber in the forest About a mile or two from it are also to be seen the ruins of Finborrow Finborâ—â— another town built by the same Lady Through the upper part of this forest lies the course of the river Wever which issues out of a lake in the south-side of the County at a place called Ridley Ridâ—â—y the seat of the famous and ancient family of the Egertons a branch of the Barons of Malpas as I have already observed and not far from Bunbury 4 Contractly so call'd for Boniface Bury for St. Boniface was the Patron Saint there where is an ancient College built by them and near to Beeston-castle 5 Which gave sirname to an ancient family Boestâ—â— a place well guarded both by the mountains the vast extent of the walls and the great number of its towers with a steep access to it This Castle was built by Ranulph the last Earl of Chester of that name whereof Leland writes thus Assyrio rediens victor Ranulphus ab orbe Hoc posuit Castrum terrorem gentibus olim Vicinis patriaeque suae memorabile vallum Nunc licet indignas patiatur fracta ruinas Tempus erit quando rursus caput exeret altum Vatibus antiquis si fas mihi credere vati Ranulph returning from the Syrian Land This Castle rais'd his Country to defend The borderers to fright and to command Tho' ruin'd now the stately fabrick lies Yet with new glories it again shall rise If I a Prophet may believe old prophecies Hence the Wever continues his course southward not far from Woodhay Woâ—â— where the famous and Knightly family of the Wilburhams liv'd long in great reputation also by Bulkely and Cholmondly Bulkeâ—â— which gave names to two famous and Knightly families and lastly not far on one hand from Baddely formerly the seat of the ancient family of the Praeries nor on the other hand from Cumbermer in which William Malbedeng founded a little Religious-house 11â— When this river touches the south part of this County it passes through
increase is owing partly to Michael de la Pole who upon his advancement to the Earldom of Suffolk by King Richard the second procur'd them their privileges and partly to their trade of Iseland-fish dâ—y'd and harden'd term'd by them Stock-fish Stockfish which turns to great gain and has strangely enrich'd the Town Immediately upon this rise they fortify'd the place with a brick wall and many towers on that side where they are not defended by the river and brought in such a quantity of stones for ballast Coblestones as was sufficient to pave all parts of the Town As I have been inform'd by the Citizens they were first govern'd by a Warden then by Bailiffs after that by a Mayor and Bailiffs and at last they obtain'd from Henry the sixth that they should be govern'd by a Mayor and Sheriff and that the City should be a County incorporate of it self as the Lawyers term it Concerning the first Mayor of this City it may not be tedious to relate this passage from the Register of the Abbey de Melsa or de Meaux tho' the stile be barbarous William de la Pole De la Pole Kt. was first a Merchant at Ravens-rod skilful in the arts of trade and inferiour to no English Merchant whatsoever He afterwards living at Kingston upon Hull was the first Mayor of that Town and founded the Monastery of St. Michael which now belongs to the Carthusian Monks near the said Kingston His eldest son 4 Sir Michael Michael de la Pole Earl of Suffolk caused the said Monastery to be inhabited by that Order William de la Pole aforesaid lent King Edward many thousand pounds of gold during his abode at Antwerp in Brabant For this reason the King made him chief Baron of his Exchequer gave him by Deed the Seigniory of Holderness with many other Lands then belonging to the Crown and made him a Baneret If any one questions the truth of this C 5 E R 3. m 28. the Records of the Tower will I hope fully satisfie him there it is expresly William de la Pole dilectus valectus mercator noster Now Valectus Valectus or Valettus J. Tilius that I may observe it once for all was then an honourable title both in France and England but afterwards coming to be meanly apply'd to servants so that the Nobility disliked it the title was changed and he was call d Gentleman of the Bed chamber h From Hull a large promontory shoots out into the Sea call'd by Ptolemy Ocellum Ocellum by us at this day Holderness Holderness A certain Monk has call'd it Cava Deira that is to say the hollow Country of the Deiri in the same sence that Coelosyria is so call'd signifying hollow Syria i The first place a man comes at on this winding shore is Headon Headon which formerly if we 'll believe Fame that always magnifies Truth was a very considerable place by reason of merchants and shipping k For my part I have faith enough to believe it notwithstanding 't is now so diminish'd partly by reason of its being too near Hull and partly because the Haven is block'd up and useless that it has not the least shew of that grandeur it pretends to have had Which may teach us that the condition of Towns and Cities is every jot as unstable as the state and happiness of men King John granted to Baldwin Earl of Albemarle and Holderness and to his wife Hawis free Burgage here so that the Burgesses might hold in free burgage by the same customs with York and * Nâ—â—â— Lincoln Nichol. At present the Town begins to flourish again and has some hopes of attaining to its former greatness Somewhat farther in the same Promontory there stands an ancient Town call'd Praetorium Praeâ—â—â—â—â— by Antoninus but we now name it Patrington Patâ—â—â—gâ— as the Italians do Petrovina from the Town Praetorium That I am not mistaken here the distance from Delgovitia and the name still remaining do both shew which also does in some sort imply that this is the Petuaria which goes corruptly in Copies of Ptolemy for Praetorium But whether it took the name from the Praetorium which was their Court of Justice or from some large and stately edifice for such also the Romans call'd Praetoria does not appear l The Inhabitants do still boast of their antiquity and the former excellence of their Haven nor do they less glory in the pleasantness of the place having a very fine prospect on this side as it looks toward the Ocean and on that as it surveys the Humber and the shores about it together with the green skirts of Lincolnshire The Roman way from the Picts wall which Antoninus the Emperour first trac'd out ends here So Ulpian tells us that High-ways of that nature end at the Sea at a River or at a City Somewhat lower stands Winsted Wâ—nâ—â—d the Seat of the Hildeards Knights and a little higher Rosse is seated which gives name as it did heretofore a seat to that famous race of Barons de Rosse Baron 〈◊〉 Rosse and upon the sea Grimston-garth where the Grimstons long flourish'd From hence at no great distance stands Rise formerly the House of those Noblemen call'd de Faulconberge In the very tongue of this Promontory where it draws most towards a point and takes the name of Spurnhead Ratâ—â—â— and Râ—â—burg stands the little village Kellnsey which shews plainly that this is the Ocellum in Ptolemy for as Kellnsey Keâ—â—â—ey comes from Ocellum so without doubt this Ocellum is deriv'd from Y-kill which signifies in British a Promontory or a narrow slip of ground as I have already said m From Ocellum the shore gradually withdraws and with a small bending runs northward by Overthorne and Witherensey little Churches call'd from the sisters that built them Sisters-kirks Sisters-kirks and not much wide of Constable-Burton Conâ—â—â—â— so nam'd from the Lords of it who by marriages are ally'd to very honourable families and flourish in great splendour at this day Robert of this House as we find it in Meaux-Abbey-book was one of the Knights of the Earl of Albemarle who being old and full of days took upon him the Cross and went with King Richard to the Holy Land Then by Skipsey which Drugo the first Lord of Holderness fortify'd with a Castle Here the shore begins to shoot again into the Sea and makes that Bay call'd in Ptolemy 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Gabrantovicorum which some Latin Translators render Portuosus sinus others Salutaris Sinus Sâ—â—taris Neither of them express the sence of the Greek word better than that little town in the turn of it call'd Suerby Sueâ—â—y For that which is safe and free from danger is by the Britains and Gauls call'd Seur as we also do in English who probably derive it from the Britains There 's no reason therefore why we should
Francis who dy'd at York 1643. leaving issue one only daughter so that the male line of that most ancient and noble family is now extinct At present his Royal Highness Prince George of Denmark honours this County by having the title of Duke of Cumberland which was enjoy'd before him by Prince Rupert Prince Palatine of the Rhine a person of admirable courage and bravery aa If our Author means by the Praetentura of Agricola any thing of Walls or Rampires we may justly question the truth of it since the learned â— Eâ—l p 3.6 Archbishop Usher has prov'd out of Tacitus that Agricola only garison'd the Frontiers at this place without contriving any other sence 'T is likely that according to the Roman custom he plac'd some of his troops within the limits of the Barbarians Country intra fines Horestorum for these Horesti were not the inhabitants on the river Esk near the borders of England as our Author afterwards in his description of Scotland asserts but those of Angus and Mernes as the Scotch Historians sufficiently evidence particularly the learned Sir George Mackenzie Defence of the Royal Line p. 79. â— in 〈◊〉 Not but Mr. Camden's foundation may for all that stand good and the Horesti be deriv'd from Ar-Esc considering there is a South as well as a North Esk. â—od 〈◊〉 bb Not many years ago there was found on the ruins of the Wall a little below Carlisle a small wing'd image of brass somewhat more than half a foot in length well agreeing with the description which some of the ancients have given us of the god Terminus 'T is now in the possession of the right honourable Sir John Lowther of Lowther Baronet cc Buchanan maintains that Severus's Rampier was at Grimesdike but Fordon and Major as well as Hector Boëtius are of Camden's opinion The Controversie will be best determin'd by considering the length as it is deliver'd by several authors Eutropius sets it at XXXII and if some others have XXXV 't is easie to imagine that a little inadvertency in a Transcriber might change II into V. Thus far the account seems to make for Buchanan that Severus's fortification was really between the two Friths of Edenburrow and Dumbritton And Paulus Orosius who computes its length at CXXXII miles goes so far beyond the extent of that which reach'd from Solway to Tinmouth that thence no true estimate is to be had But 't is most likely that this whole difference is to be stated by Spartianus who rightly asserts that the extent of Hadrian's ditch was LXXX miles Out of this number by the heedless change of L into C the copyers of Orosius made CXXX and by a careless dropping of the same Letter the transcribers of Eutropius turn'd it into XXX * V. Usher Antiquitat p. 316. As to the dispute betwixt the Archbishop and our Author Whether Severus's work was a wall of stone or a rampier of earth we shall only add to the authorities produc'd by Camden that the Royal Paraphrast upon †Eccl. Hist l. 1. c. 5. Bede says it was mid dice and mid eoƿþ-Æ¿ealle and ‖ Lib. 1. c. 12. afterwards speaking of a later fabrick of Stone in the same place he says it was built ðaer Severus se Casere in het dician eopð Æ¿all geÆ¿yrcan The Saxon Chronicle also affirms that it was of turfum And if that expression 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of Agathemer who is suppos'd to have liv'd in Severus's time have any relation to this work it very much countenances the opinion of Bede and Mr. Camden Vide Geogr. Agathem edit à Sam. Tennulio Amst 1671. p. 45 74 86. dd That this last Wall was built betwixt Tinmouth and Solway-Frith * Lib. 1. c. 12. Bede seems most peremptorily to assert And yet Archbishop Usher Antiquitat Eccl. p. 317. enclines rather to Buchanan's opinion that it was at Grimesdike and thinks this conjecture supported by Gildas's saying that it was built recto tramite which says he that betwixt Bowness and Tinmouth is not With the Archbishop agrees our very learned Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield then of St. Asaph in his historical account of Church-government c. p. 4. And 't is certain that along Grimesdike there are here and there as the Gordons in Bleau's Atlas have observ'd several ruins of Stone-buildings nor can we doubt but there were Forts of stone erected at due distances along that Rampier But 't is certain that in most places there appear no manner of remains of a stone-building whereas a continu'd stone-wall is easily follow'd from Carlisle to New-castle As for Nennius's story Hist Brit. cap. 19. 't is so full of contradictions that there 's no regarding it and after all the stress that 's laid upon Gildas's expression a man shall hardly travel the length of The Picts-Wall in any great road in England that goes more recto tramite in a streight line than it does ee As to the Medicinal Plants Mr. Nicolson to whom we owe these observations upon the WALL as well as several others throughout the Province of York has made very diligent search but could never meet with any sort of Plants growing along the Wall which is not as plentiful in some other part of the Country An Account of the Division of Cumberland by William the Conquerour amongst his Followers a It is call'd Distributio Cumbriae ad Conquestum Angliae inter Gentes Sir William Dugdale calls it Chronicon Cumbriae and so the Lord Willâ—am Howard has stiled it in one of the MSS. but 't is a mistake for that piece of Antiquity if it be extant was of another nature and writ by one Everardus Abbot of Holme Cultram temp H. 2. It was said to be in the Library of Sir Thomas Gower Baronet but upon search it could not be found taken out of two ancient Latin Manuscripts in the Library of the Dean and Chapter of Carlisle carefully Collated by the Reverend Dr. Hugh Todd KING William sirnam'd the Bastard Duke of Normandy Conqueror of England gave all the Lands of the County of Cumberland to Ranulphus de Meschins and to Galfridus Brother to the said Ranulphus he gave the whole County of Chestre and to William another brother he gave all the Land of Coupland between Duden and Darwent Ranulphus de Meschins infeoffed Hubbertus de b Vaux MS. B. Waux in the Barony of Gillisland and Ranulphus his brother in Sowerby Carlaton and Hubbrightby And Robert the third brother in the Barony of Dalston He infeoffed also Robert Destrivers im the Barony of Burgh and Richerus de Boyvile in the Barony of Levington and Odardus de Logis in the Barony of Stanyton He infeoffed also Waldevus son of Gospatricius Earl of Dunbar in Scotland in all the Barony of Allerdale between Wathenpole and Darwent The aforesaid William de Meschins Lord of Coupland infeoffed Waldevus son of Gospatricius in all the Land that lyes between Cocar
meaning his own body The O-Neals afterwards wrested it out of their hands but they being attainted of treason Sir Thomas Smith Knight and one of Queen Elizabeth's Privy-Council by her permission planted a Colony there an excellent design but very unsuccessful For after great expence his own natural son whom he had set over it was taken by an Ambuscade of the Irish and then thrown to be tore in pieces by the dogs a piece of cruelty for which they afterwards severely suffered being themselves put to death and given to the wolves Above Ardes westward lyes the more southern Clanboy Clanboy the Upper i.e. a Yellow Sept or the family of Hugh the Yellow as they interpret it a woody Country which extends to the bay of Knock-Fergus inhabited by the O-Neals and counted the very utmost part of this County of Down The County of ANTRIM THE next County to Louth northwards is the County of Antrim so called from Antrim a small town only remarkable for giving name to the whole shire which is bounded by the bay of Knock-Fergus Knock Fergus the Lough Eaugh and the river Ban. This bay of Knock-Fergus called Vinderius in Ptolemy took it's name from a town situate upon it which the English term Knock-Fergus the Irish Carig-Fergus that is the rock of Fergus from that famous Fergus drowned there who first brought the Scots out of Ireland into Britain This town is more frequented and famous than any other upon this coast by reason of a commodious haven fortifications though not yet finished a castle standing upon a high rock and has a garison to keep the country in subjection with an ancient palace now converted into a magazine Near this lies Clane-boy the lower Clanboy the Lowâ—â— the habitation likewise of the O-Neals memorable for the death of that lewd rebel Shan or John O-Neal who after many outrages was defeated in one or two skirmishes by 49 Sir Henry Henry Sidney Lord Deputy and reduced to such streights that he was resolved to go and address himself to the Lord Deputy with a halter about his neck for pardon but his Secretary dissuaded him and induced him rather to seek assistance from the Island Scots who under the conduct of Alexander Oge were now encamped here and ravaged the country Accordingly he went to them and was kindly received but put to death soon after with his whole party for the slaughter he had formerly made among their relations The war being thus ended by his death and he attainted with his whole party Queen Elizabeth bestowed this Clane-boy upon Walter D'Evereux Earl of Essex who came hither sent perhaps by means of some Courtiers under pretence of honour for he was made Governor of Ulster and Marshal of Ireland into a Country ever rebellious and ungovernable Where endeavouring with great expence to compose affairs and reduce them to a state of peace and quietness he was at last after many and great difficulties snatch'd away by an untimely death to the loss and trouble of all good men and to the benefit of the O-Neals and Brian Carragh of the family of the Mac-Conells who thereupon got this territory and since that time have been at war with one another for the Lordship of it Near this Knock-Fergus lies a Peninsula joined by a small neck of land to the continent which is call'd the Isle of Magie 〈◊〉 oâ— Maâ—â—â— being four miles in length and one in breadth Here some suppose that the Monastery of Magio so much commended by Bede did stand which I have already mentioned in the County of Maio. Then the Glinnes â—â—â—nnes that is the valleys begin at Older-sleet a bad road for ships and run along a great way by the sea This territory belong'd formerly to the Bissets â—â—â—ts Noblemen of Scotland who for making away Patrick Earl of Athol were banished hither and by the favour of Henry the third King of England were settled in an estate here For John Bisset who died in the beginning of Edw. the first had a great estate in lands here and in Edw. the 2d's reign Hugh Bisset forfeited part of it by rebellion In the last age this was invaded by the 〈◊〉 â—â—â—ni â—â—torâ—s 〈…〉 Coâ— Irish Scots from the Cantire and the Hebrides under the conduct of James Mac Conell Lord of Cantire in Scotland who claimed it as descended from the Bissets Shan O-Neal having cut off their Captain soon repelled them Yet they returned and made cruel ravages in these parts fomenting rebellions in the Kingdom till but very lately 50 Sir John John Perrot Lord Deputy first reduced Donall Goran who was slain together with his brother Alexander in Conaught by 51 Sir Richard Richard Bingham and afterwards Agnus Mac Conell the sons of James Mac Conell to that pinch that they submitted themselves to the Queen of England and upon their humble petition received this Country to hold of her by Knight's service on condition to bear arms for none but the Kings of England and to pay a certain number of Cows and Hawks yearly c. Above this as far as the river Bann the Country is called Rowte The Rowte the seat of the Mac Guillies Mac Guâ—lly a family of no small note among the Irish but pent up in this narrow corner by the outrage and continual depredations of the Island-Scots For Surley-Boy Surley boy also Chairly boy that is Charles the yellow brother to James Mac Conell who possessed the Glinnes did in a manner make himself master of this tract till 52 Sir John John Perrot the aforesaid Lord Deputy having took the castle of Donluse Doniuse strongly situated upon a rock hanging out into the sea and severed from the land by a deep ditch drove out him and his party However he recovered it the year following by treachery after he had slain Carie the governor who made a stout defence Upon this the Lord Deputy sent out Meriman an experienced Captain against him who cut off the two sons of James Mac Conell with Alexander the son of this Surley Boy and pressed him so closely driving away his cattle the only riches he had for he was able to make up 50000 Cows of his own stock that he surrender'd Donluse came to Dublin and made an open submission in the Cathedral exhibiting a petition for mercy Being after this admitted into the Governors lodgings as soon as he saw the picture of Queen Elizabeth he threw away his sword once or twice and fell down before it devoting himself entirely to Her Majesty Being received into favour and protection among the other subjects of Ireland hereupon he abjured both in the Chancery Kings-Bench all allegiance to any foreign Prince whatsoever and by the bounty of Queen Elizabeth had four territories or Toughs as they call them from the river Boys to the Ban bestowed upon him namely Donseverig Loghill and Ballamonyn together with the government of Donluse
57 And this Rory his succâ—ssor practising new treason against King James his advancer upon the terrour of a guilty conscience fled the Realm in the year 1607 and died at Rome The Scots The antient inhabitants of this Ulster as likewise of all other parts of the Kingdom went formerly by the name of Scots and from hence they brought that name into the Northern part of Britain For as Giraldus says the six sons of Mured King of Ulster possest themselves of the North of Britain about 400 years after Christ from which time it has been called by the name of Scotia Yet the Annals of that Kingdom shew us that it has had this name much earlier And moreover Fergus the second who re-established the Kingdom of the Scots in Britain came from hence Patrick â—xâ—ife of â— Patrick having foretold That though he seemed mean and contemptible to his brethren at that time it would shortly came to pass thas he should be Prince and Lord over them all To make this the more probable the same writer adds farther That not long after Fergus according to the prediction of this holy man obtained the soveraignty in these parts and that his posterity continued in the throne for many generations From him was descended the most valiant King Edan son of Gabrain who conquer'd Scotland called Albania where his offspring reign to this day 58 Sir John John Curcy in the reign of Henry the second was the first Englishman that attempted the conquest of this County who having taken Down and Armagh made himself master of the whole Province either by force or surrender and was the first that had the title of Earl of Ulster â—'s of â—â—er At last his success and fortune made him so envied that for his own worth and the unworthiness of others he was banish'd and by King John's appointment succeeded by Hugh de Lacy second son of Hugh Lacy Lord of Meth who was made Earl of Ulster by a sword with orders to carry on a war against him Yet he was deprived of this honour by the same King 〈◊〉 â—o upon his insolence and popular practices but received again into favour In confirmation of this I will here give you word for word what I find in the Records of Ireland Hugh de Lacy formerly Earl of Ulster held all Ulster exempt and separate from any other County whatsoever in capite of the Kings of England by the service of three Knights when ever the Royal service was ordered by proclamation And he migâ—â— try in his own Court all pleas whatsoever belonging to the Sheriff and the Chief Justice and held a Court of Chancery c. After this all Ulster was forfeited to our Lord King John from the said Hugh who had it afterwards granted him for term of life by King Henry the third After Hugh's decease Walter de Burgo did these services to our Lord Edward King Henry's son Lord of Ireland before he was King This same Lord Edward infeoff'd the aforesaid Walter with the lands of Ulster to have and to hold to him and his heirs by the service aforesaid as well and freely as the said Hugh de Lacy did excepting the advowsons of the Cathedral Churches and the demesns of the same as also the Pleas of the Crown Rapes Forstalls Arsonyes and Treasure-trouves which our soveraign Lord King Edward retaineth to himself and his heirs This Walter de Burgo who was Lord of Conaught and Earl of Ulster had by the only daughter of Hugh de Lacy Richard Earl of Ulster who put an end to an uneasie life in the year 1326. This Richard had a son John de Burgo who died in his life time after he had had a son William by his wife Elizabeth the sister and co-heir of Gilbert Clare Earl of Gloucester who succeeded his Grandfather William was murder'd by his own men in his youth leaving a little daughter Elizabeth See Raâ—norshire and Yorkshire north-riding afterwards married to Leonel Duke of Clarence by whom she had likewise an only daughter married to Edmund Mortimer Earl of March and by her the Earldom of Ulster and Seigniory of Conaught came to the Mortimers from whom together with the Kingdom of England it fell to the house of York and then by King Edward the fourth was annexed to the Crown or the King 's demesn lands as they express it A civil war breaking out at that time and the Nation falling into faction and parties so that these English then in Ulster were induced to return into England to support their several sides and parties these Countreys were seiz'd upon by O-Neal and others of the Irish so that the Province grew as wild and barbarous as could be and whereas it formerly yielded a considerable revenue to the Earl in money it has hardly since that time paid any to the Kings of England And if I may be allowed to make remarks of this nature the piety and wisdom of the Kings of England has been more defective in no one thing than in the due administration of this Province and all Ireland either in respect of propagating Religion modelling the State or civilizing the Inhabitants Whether this neglect is to be imputed to a careless oversight or a design of parsimony and unseasonable providence I am not able to determine But one would think an Island so great and so near us where there 's so much good soil and rich pasture so many woods so much good mettal for digging up so many fine rivers and commodious harbours on all sides convenient for navigation into the richest parts of the world upon which account great imposts might be probably expected and lastly an Island so very fruitful of inhabitants and the people both in respect of minds and bodies capable of all the employments of peace or war should of right challenge and deserve our care for the future 59 If they were wrought and conform'd to orderly civility I Did but just now intimate That I would give some account of these O-Neals who pretend to be Lords of Ulster and therefore I promised to an excellent friend of mine the history of the Rebellions they rais'd this last age Though that Gentleman is now happy in a better world yet I had so much esteem for him that I cannot now but perform my promise to his very memory Thus much I thought necessary to premise As for the following History the materials are not drawn from uncertain reports or other weak authorities but from those very authâ—ntick papers that came from the Generals themselves or such as were eye-witnesses and had a share in the transactions and that so sincerely that I cannot but flatter my self with hopes of favour from the Reader if he desires a true information or would understand the late affairs in Ireland which are so much a secret to most of us and also of escaping all manner of reprehension except from such as are conscious and gall'd
he ordained six Boys who were to be Taper-bearers and to sing the responsories and verses in the Quire as they were to be ordered by the Chanter Of which six Boys one was to be nominated and maintained by the Bishop The second by the Prebend of St. Magnus The third by the Prebend of St. John The fourth by the Prebend of St. Lawrence The fifth by the Prebend of St. Catharine The sixth by the Prebend of St. Duthas And every one of them besides their mainteinance was to have twenty shillings Scotch a year Moreover to every one of the aforesaid Dignities Canons and Prebends he assigned certain lands in Kirkwall for their Mansions The Charter of this erection is dated at Kirkwall October the 28th Anno 1544. And in the following year it was confirmed by another Charter granted by David Beaton Cardinal of St. Stephen in mount Celio Presbyter of the Church of Rome and Arch-Bishop of St. Andrews having authority so to do It is dated at Sterling the last of June and the eleventh year of Pope Paul the third and confirmed by Queen Mary at Edenburgh the last of April Anno Regni 13. In this condition the Church continued as long as Popery stood but the Reformation coming in and Robert Stewart Earl of Orkney having obtained the Bishoprick from Bishop Bothwel by the exchange of the Abbey of Holy Rood-House became sole Lord of the Country whereupon it came to pass that he and his son Earl Patrick who succeeded him did in the Church as they pleased At last James Law being made Bishop of Orkney and the Earldom united to the Crown by the death and forfeiture of the aforesaid Patrick Stewart He with the consent of his Chapter made this contract with King James the sixth of blessed memory In which they resigned to the King and his successors all their Ecclesiastical lands and possessions with all rights and securities belonging thereto to be incorporated and united to the Crown especially such as should be thought necessary to be united to it And the King gives back and dispones to the Bishop several Lands in the Parishes of Ham Orphir Stromness Sandwick Shapensha Waes Hoy St. Ola and of Evie Burra and Flotta to be a patrimony to the Bishop and his successors for ever disponing moreover to him and his successors the right of patronage to present to all the Vicaridges of Orkney and Zetland with power to present qualified Ministers as oft as any Kirk should be vacant Disponing also to them the heritable and perpetual right and jurisdiction of Sheriffship and Bailiffry within the Bishoprick and Patrimony thereof exempting the Inhabitants and Vassals of the Bishoprick in all causes civil and criminal from the jurisdiction of the Sheriffs and Stewards of the Earldom As also he disponed to the Bishop and hiâ— successors the Commissariot of Orkney and Zetland with power to constitute and ordain Commissaries Clerks and other members of Court. In which contract it was moreover agreed that the Minister of South-Ronalsha Dean the Minister of Birsa Arch-Deacon the Minister of Lady-Kirk in Sanda Chancellor the Minister of Stronsa Treasurer and the Parson of Westra should be a sufficient Chapter And that their consents should be as available for any deed to be done by the Bishops of Orkney as the fullest Chapter of any Cathedral Kirk within the Kingdom This Contract was made Anno 1614 And in the year following by an Act dated at Edinburgh the 22th of November the several Dignities and Ministers both in the Bishoprick and Earldom were provided to particular maintainances besides what they were in possession of before payable by the King and Bishop to the Minister in their several bounds respective And as it was agreed upon in that contract and determined by that Act so are the Ministers provided at this present Mr. Wallace's Account of the first Planters of Orkney This has been the ancient condition of the Church in these parts After the Ecclesiastical the Civil State comes to be consider'd viz. the first Planters and ancient Possessors and as a consequence of that the several remains of Antiquity which can be produced at this day Of all which the same Author will best inform you in his own words The first Planters and Possessors of this Country were certainly the Picts as the generality of our Historians do affirm who moreover call Orkney Antiquum Pictorum regnum the ancient Kingdom of the Picts There being yet in this Countrey several strange antick Houses many of which are overgrown with Earth which are still called Picts Houses and the Firth that runs between this and Caithness is still from them called Pictland Firth i.e. the Firth that runs by the Lands of the Picts Though Buchanan to establish his Opinion would rather have it called Fretum penthlandicum from Penthus a man of his own making These verses of the Poet Claudian Maduerunt Saxone fuso Orcades incaluit pictorum sanguine Thule The Orkney Isles with Saxon Blood were wet And Thule with the Pictish gore did sweat Do evidently prove that the Picts with some other Colony of the German Nation particularly the Saxons at that time were the Possessors and Inhabitants of these Northern Isles Moreover to this day many of the Inhabitants use the Norse or Old Gothick Language which is not much different from the Old Teutonick or the Language which the Picts used Besides the Sirnames of the ancient Inhabitants are of a German Original for the Seaters are so called from Seater one of the old German Idols which they worshipped for Saturn The Taits from Twitsh i.e. the Dutch who got that name from Twisco the son of Noe and Tythea the famous progenitors of the Germans The Keldas from the ancient Culdees or Keldeis as Spotswood thinks who were the ancient Priests or Ministers of the Christian Religion among the Picts so called because they lived in Cells The Baikies from some small running water which in the Teutonick is called a Baikie So the names that end in Stane as Hourstane Corstane Yorstane Beistane c. which is a Pictish or Teutonick termination of Sirname signifying the superlative degree of comparison and many more might be added if it were needful to shew that the Pictish Blood is as yet in this Countrey and that the People were the first Possessors of it These Picts as is generally acknowledged were of a German descent coming at first from that part of Germany that borders on the Baltick Sea where at present are the Dukedoms of Meckleburgh and Pomerania They were so called because they were notable Warriours and fighters their true name as Verstegan informs us being Phightian that is Phghiters or Fighters They are by the Romans called Picti though some Writers call them Pictavi and might have been so called by them either from some resemblance to that name of Phightian that they took to themselves or from their singular beauty and comely form as if they had been painted people and
vincula there was bread made of new wheat and wheat was sold in Dublin for 6 pence a peck Item D. Reimund Archedekin Kt. with many others of his family were kill'd in Leinster MCCCXXXVII On the eve of S. Kalixtus the Pope seven partridges leaving the fields God knows why came directly to Dublin where flying very swiftly over the Market-Place they settled on the â—op of a brew-house which belonged to the Canons of S. Trinity in Dublin Some of the Citizens came running to this sight wondring very much at so strange a thing the Town-boyes caught two of them alive a third they kill'd at which the rest being frightned-mounted in the air by a swift flight and escap'd into the opposite Fields Now what this should portend a thing unheard of before I shall leave to the judgment of the more skilful Item Sir John Charleton Knight and Baron came with his wife children and family Lord Chief Justice of Ireland at the feast of S. Kalixtus the Pope and some of his sons and family died Item The same day came into Dublin haven D. Thomas Charleton Bishop of Hereford Justice of Ireland with the Chief Justice his Brother Chancellor of Ireland and with them M. John Rees Treasurer of Ireland Mr. in the Decretals besides 200 Welshmen Item Whilst D. John Charleton was Lord Chief Justice and held a Parliament at Dublin Mr. David O Hirraghcy Archbishop of Armagh being called to the Parliament laid in his provisions in the Monastry of S. Mary near Dublin but the Archbishop and his Clerks would not let him keep house there because he would have had his Crosier carried before him Item The same year died David Archbishop of Armagh to whom succeeded an ingenious man M. Richard Fitz-Ralph Dean of Litchfield who was born in Dundalk Item James Botiller the first Earl of Ormond died the 6th of January and was buried at Balygaveran MCCCXXXVIII The Lord John Charleton at the instigation of his Brother the Bishop of Hereford was by the King turn'd out of his place upon which he came back with his whole family into England and the Bishop of Hereford was made Lord Keeper and Chief Justice of Ireland Item Sir Eustace Pover and Sir John Pover his Uncle were by the Justice's order brought up from Munster to Dublin where the third of February they were imprison'd in the Castle Item In some parts of Ireland they had so great a frost that the river Aven-liffie on which the City of Dublin stands was frozen hard enough for them to dance run or play at foot-ball upon and they made wood and turfe fires upon it to broil Herrings The Ice lasted a great while I shall say nothing of the great snow which fell during this frost since the greatness of the depth has made it so remarkable This Frost continued from the second of December till the 10th of February such a season as was never known in Ireland MCCCXXXIX All Ireland was up in Arms. The Lord Moris Fitz-Thomas Earl of Desmond with the Geraldines who live about Kernige made a great slaughter of the Irish besides 1200 of them who were drown'd in the retreat Item The Lord Moris Fitz-Nicholas Lord of Kernige was by the Lord Moris Fitz-Thomas Earl of Desmond apprehended and put in prison where he died for want of meat and drink for his allowance was but very little because he had rebell'd with the Irish against the King and the Earl Item A great number of the O Dympcies and other Irish were by the English and the vigorous pursuit of the Earl of Kildare kill'd and drowned in the Barrow Item the latter end of February Thomas Bishop of Hereford and Chief Justice of Ireland with the help of the English of that Country took from the Irish about Odrone such a great booty of all sorts of cattle as has not been seen in Leinster MCCCXL The Bishop of Hereford Justice of Ireland being commanded home by his Majesty return'd into England the 10th of April leaving Frier Roger Outlaw Prior of Kilmainan in his place who died the 13th of February Item The King of England made John Darcy Lord Chief Justice of Ireland for life MCCCXLI In May Sir John Moris came Lord Chief Justice of Ireland as Deputy to John Darcy Item In the County of Leinster there happen'd such a strange prodigy as has not been heard of A person travelling along the road found a pair of gloves fit for his hands as he thought but when he put them on he he lost his speech immediately and could do nothing but bark like a dog nay from that moment the men and women throughout the whole County fell into the same condition and the children waughed up and down like whelps This plague continued with some 18 days with others a month and with some for two years and like a contagious distemper at last infected the neighbouring Counties and set them a barking too Item The King of England revok'd all those grants that either he or his Ancestors had made to any in Ireland whether of liberties lands or goods which occasion a general murmur and discontent insomuch that the whole Kingdom grew inclin'd to a revolt Item A Parliament was called by the King's Council to sit in October Fitz-Thomas Earl of Desmond absented Before this there never was seen so much rancor and division between the English of both Kingdoms at last without asking Counsel of the Lord Chief Justice or any other of the King's Ministers the Mayors of the King's Cities together with the Nobility and Gentry of the Kingdom resolv d among other things to hold another Parliament at Kilkenny in November in order to treat of such matters as concern'd the King and Kingdom Neither the Lord Chief Justice nor any other of the King's Ministers durst repair thither It was concluded in this Parliament by the Nobility and the Mayors aforesaid to dispatch away an ambassadour to the King of England to intercede for Relief and represent the unjust administration of the great Officers in Ireland and declare they could no longer endure their oppression They were particularly instructed in their complaints of the said Ministers to ask How a Land so full of wars and trouble could be govern'd by a Person that was wholly a Stranger to warlike Affairs Secondly How a Minister of the Kings could be imagin'd to grow so rich in a short time And thirdly What was the reason that the King of England was never the richer for Ireland MCCCXLII On the 11th of October and the 11th of the Moon two several Moons were seen by many about Dublin in the morning before day Theone was bright and according to its natural course in the West the other of the bigness of a round loaf stood in the East but not so bright as the former MCCCXLIII S. Thomas's-street in Dublin was accidentally burnt on S. Valentine the Martyr's-day Item The 13th of July D. Ralph Ufford with his Wife the Countess of
a Furnace and Forge others a Forge only and others only a Furnace Near Hastings also are two powder-mills where is made as good Gun-powder as any in England And in that end of the County where the Iron-works are namely the East Char-coal is made in great abundance c To go along now with Mr. Camden St. Râ—â—â—-hill North of Chichester which has given the title of Earl to Francis Leigh Lord Dunsmore and after him to Charles Fitz-Roy natural son to K. Charles 2. is a place call'd St. Rook's hill †Aâ—â—â—â— Mâ—◠〈◊〉 MS. and upon it is still to be seen an old camp the diameter whereof is two furlongs and better The form of it is circular from which thus much may be undoubtedly gather'd that it is not Roman but probably Danish Those who have an opportunity of searching into the Records of the place would do well to consider whether the true name of it is not S. Roch's hill for he was patron of the pilgrims and here was formerly a Chapel which might possibly enough be dedicated to him A mile and a half from this place to the west is a Camp call'd Gonshill Gonâ—hâ—â—â— Ibid. which being of a different form must be made by some other people The figure of it is an oblong square which comes nearest to the Roman way of encamping The Bâ—ile Hard by Chichester towards the west ‖ there has been also another large Roman Camp call'd the Brile of an oblong form 4 furlongs and 2 perches in length and 2 furlongs in breadth It lies in a flat low ground with a great rampire and single graff and in such a place as renders it probable enough to have been that of Vespasian's after his landing d Eastward from hence is Arundel â—rundel which our Author observes to be of more fame than real note tho' it is now a market-town and a borough sending 2 Burgesses to Parliament The famous high-way Stanesstreet-causeway which is in some places 10 yards broad but in most 7 comes to this town out of Surrey by Belinghurst It is a yard and a half deep in stones which they discover by cutting passages to let in water and runs in a streight line It is made of flints and pebbles tho' no flints are found within 7 miles of it As the story of Bevis's horse call'd Arundel ought not to be altogether rejected so neither ought our Author's name of the river Arun and derivation of the town from thence be too securely clos'd with For that Bevis was founder of the Castle is a current opinion handed down by tradition and there is a tower in it still known by the name of Bevis's tower which they say was his own apartment Besides 't is natural enough to imagine that the name of a horse might be Arundel from his swiftness since that word in French signifies a Swallow and the present Arms of the town which is corporate by Prescription are a Swallow Now why might not Bevis's Arundel as well have the honour of naming a town wherein his master had a particular interest as Alexander's Bucephalus had of a city But whatever approbation this conjecture may meet with 't is certain that Mr. Camden's fetching it from Arun will not hold For that river is call'd High-stream to distinguish it from the other small rivulets or streams and seems to have bore the same name as to the sense at least all along The Norman English call'd it Hault-rey and answerably the middle-aged Latin writers Alta ripa so Mr. Camden tells us that Rhie in this County is call'd in Latin Ripa and several branches breaking out of the High-stream are at this day call'd Ripes or Rifes There was also an ancient family of Knights owners of much land in these parts even in the bosom of this great river in the parish of Hardham otherwise Feringham call'd from it de Hault Rey and their posterity remains in these parts to this day under the name of D'Awtrey in Latin De alta Ripa But our Author's interpretation Aruntina vallis will not by any means suit either the name of the place or the circumstances of it For tho' it be writ several ways yet no one makes it end in dale nor is a low tract of ground ever express'd by that word in this County as it is in other parts of England but by a Level as Pevensey-Level Lewes-Level Bramber-Level Arundel-Level with many others And the Commissioners of Sewers call the Imposition laid upon Land for repair of publick banks and sluces a Level-tax 〈◊〉 Eâ—rls â—â—iâ—â—ed Thomas Howard being restor'd in blood 1 Jac. 1. and dying An. 1646. was succeeded in his honours by his son Henry who in the life-time of his father was summon'd to Parliament by the titles of Lord Moubray and Maltravers By whose death An. 1652. this title came to Thomas his eldest son restor'd also 13 Car. 2. to the title of Duke of Norfolk which had been forfeited by the Attainder of Thomas the last Duke By which means the title of Duke of Norfolk came to Henry his brother along with the Earldoms of Arundel and Surrey who now among other honours enjoys them e Towards the north-east lies Findon â—â—â—don within a mile of which is an ancient Camp at about 2 miles distance from the sea 'T is call'd Caesar's-hill because the people imagine it was Caesar's Camp and they pretend to shew the place where Caesar's tent was Notwithstanding which the form of it shews that opinion to be an error for being roundish it seems rather to have been a British work f And farther eastward near Lewes Lewes there is another Camp From whence going forwards we meet with Pemsey Pemsey which * Forts and Ports in Kent Mr. Somner disallowing Camden's Lambard's and Selden's conjecture of Newenden thought to be the ancient Anderida where was the band of the Abulae grounding partly upon Gildas's words expressing the situation of these garrisons In littore Oceani ad meridiem on the sea-shore to the south and the design of them to ken and spy out the invading enemy and partly upon the antiquity of the place which Archbishop Usher makes the old Caer Pensavelcoit of the Britains by the coit i.e. wood the former condition of this County being hinted to But tho' he seems most inclin'd to this place yet he is not altogether so positive but either Hastings or even Newenden may lay claim to this piece of Antiquity g Not far from hence is Ashburnham Ashburnham of which place and family John Ashburnham Esquire Grandfather to the present Lord Ashburnham built there a handsome Church with 3 Chancels There is also a noble house of the present Lord Ashburnham's which for stately buildings and convenient garden-room is one of the best in this County North-east from hence lies Breede Breede the Court whereof is a branch of that at Battle and hath the same privilege and process The Lands
in the manour of Breede tho' in Sussex descend according to the custom of Gavel-kind Here is a kind of Couâ—t kept every 3 weeks where Actions between man and man are try'd and the Officers are exempt from attending the Assizes or Sessions h To the east upon the sea-shore is Winchelsey Winchelsey which ‖ De rebus Albion pag. 25. Twine falsly imagines to have been written originally Windchelseum from it's being expos'd to the winds for so he adds Olim vento frigori ponto obnoxium unde ei nomen obvenit But 't is by Mr. Somner interpreted a waterish place seated in a corner which exactly answers the nature and situation of the place lying at the corner of Kent and Sussex The new town was endow'd with the same privileges which the old one had namely those of the Cinque-ports to which it belongs as one of the ancient towns It still retains that of sending 2 Burgesses to Parliament tho' the Electors are but very few the town being most miserably decay'd by the loss of it's market trade and all inhabitants of any note An argument whereof is that the grass grows in the very streets tho' they are all pav'd to that degree as makes the herbage sometimes yeild 4 l. per An. It seems at first to have been built with admirable regularity the streets standing all at right angles and divided into 32 squares or quarters as they are now call'd There were anciently in it 3 Parish-Churches tho' there is now only the chancel of the largest of them remaining which is the present Parish-Church The stone work of the three gates is yet standing This place has afforded the title of Countess to Elizabeth wife to Sir Moyle Finch and daughter and heir to Sir Thomas Heneage Knight having been before created Viscountess of Maidstone by K. James 1. which titles descended to Sir Tho. Finche her son whose eldest son Heneage is now Earl of Winchelsey At some distance from Winchelsea is Selscombe Selscombe where as also in several places of this County are mineral-waters of the same nature with those at Tunbridge and altogether as strongly impregnated More to the east in the parish of East-Guildford East-Guildford which is the utmost bounds of Sussex eastward is a peculiar way of Tithing their marsh-lands whereby they pay only 3 d. per Acre to the Rector whilst in pasture but if plough'd 5 s. Continuation of the EARLS Robert the last Earl mention'd by our Author dying 5 Car. 1. left the title of Earl of Sussex to his son Edward but he having no issue the family of the Ratcliffs Earls of Sussex ended in him and that title was conferr'd on the 25 of May 1644. upon Thomas Lord Savil of Pontfract and was afterwards enjoy'd by James his son who dy'd without issue Upon which Thomas Leonard Lord Dacres of Gillisland An. 1674. had this honour conferr'd upon him More rare Plants growing wild in Sussex Alysson Germanicum echioides Lob. Buglossum sylvestre caulibus procumbentibus C. B. Borago minor sylvestris Park Cynoglossa fortè topiaria Plinii Echium lappulatum quibusdam J. B. Aparine major Plinii Ger. Small wild Bugloss by some great Goose-grass and German Mudwort Found by Boxley in this County Chamaedrys spuria foliis pediculis oblongis insidentibus An chamaedryi spuriae affinis rotundifolia scutellata C. B Alysson Dioscoridis montanum Col. Wild or bastard Germander with leaves standing on long footstalks In moist woods and hedges I observed it first at Cockfield in Sussex Filix saxatilis ramosa maritima nostras Filix saxatilis crispa Parkinsoni D. Merret Pin. Small-branched Stone-fern I observed this first growing on the rocks by the sea side in this County where it was sometimes dashed with the sea-water Foeniculum vulgare Common Fennel or Finckle Observed by Tho. Willisell to grow plentifully at the west-end of Pemsey marsh Lathyri majoris species flore rubente albido minore dumetorum sive Germanicus J. B. sylvestris Dod. angustifolius Clusii ex sententia J. B. sylv major C. B. sylv Dodonaei Park The other great wild Lathyrus or Pease-everlasting I found this first near Poynings a village on the Downs of Sussex Since Mr. Dale hath found it in Essex Oenanthe Cicutae facie Lobelii Park Chaerephylli foliis C. B. Succo viroso Cicutae facie Lobelio J. B. Filipendula Cicutae facie Ger. Hemlock Dropwort Frequent in watery ditches and rivulets in this Country Peucedanum Ger. vulgare Park Germanicum C. B. Minus Germanicum J. B. Hogs Fennel Sulphur-wort Harestrong In the marsh ditches about Shoreham KENT by Rob t. Morden CANTIUM I Am now come to Kent a country indeed which William Lambard a person eminent for Learning and piety had describ'd so much to the life in a just Volume and has been so lucky in his searches that he has left but very little for those that come after him Yet in pursuit of my intended method I will run this over among the rest and lest as the Comick Poet says any one should suspect me * Sublesta fide agere to be a pilferer I here gratefully acknowledge that he was my Foundation and Fountain Time has not yet depriv'd this Country of it's ancient name but as Caesar Strabo Carion corruptly read in Diodorus Siculus Diodorus Siculus Ptolemy and others call it Cantium so the Saxons as Ninnius tells us nam'd it Cant-guar-lantð i.e. the country of men inhabiting Kent and we now Kent †Some are of opinion that the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of Herodotus are Caesar's Cantii and our Kentish-men See Camden's Epistles p. 119. Lambard fetches this name from Cainc signifying in British a green leaf because 't was formerly shaded with woods But for my part if I may be allow'd the liberty of a conjecture when I observe that here Britain shoots out into a large corner eastward and farther take notice that such a corner in Scotland is call'd Cantir that the inhabitants also of another angle in that part of the Island are by Ptolemy call'd Cantae that the Cangani were possess'd of another corner in Wales not to mention the Cantabri inhabiting a corner among the Celtiberians who as they had the same original so did they make use of the same language with our Britains upon these grounds I should guess it to have that name from the situation And the rather both because our French have us'd ‖ From whence in Heraldry Canton is put for a corner and the country of the Helvetii call'd by the French Cantones as if one should say Corners Canton for a corner borrowing it probably from the ancient language of the Gaules for it is not either from the German or Latin which together with that ancient one are the only ingredients of our modern French as also because this County is call'd Angulus or a corner by all the old Geographers For it faces France with a large corner surrounded a This in
which he holdeth of the said Aimar 's inheritance so fully and after the same manner as the same Aimar had and held them at the time of his death c. Witness the King at Montmartin the 13th day of October and the 13th year of his reign This Lawrence Hastings was succeeded by his son John who being taken by the Spaniards in a sea-fight and afterwards redeem'd died in France in the year 1375. To him succeeded his son John who was kill'd in a Tournament at Woodstock Anno 1391. 11 By Sir John St. John casually And it was observ'd of this family I know not by what fate that no father ever saw his son for five generations He leaving no issue several considerable Revenues devolv'd to the Crown and the Castle of Penbroke was granted to Francis At-court a courtier of that time in great favour who upon that account was commonly call'd Lord of Penbroke 12 Not long after Humfrey son to K. Hen. 4. before he was Duke of Glocester receiv'd this title of his brother K. Hen. 5. and before his death K. Hen. 6. granted the same in reversion a thing not before heard of to William de la Pole Earl of Suffolk after whose downfall the said King when he had enabl'd Edmund of Hadham and Jasper of Hatfield the sons of Queen Catharine his mother to be his lawful half-brethren created Jasper Earl of Penbroke and Edmund Earl of Richmond with pre-eminence to take place above all Earls For Kings have absolute authority in dispensing honours And not long after John Duke of Bedford and after him his brother Humfrey Duke of Glocester the sons of K. Hen. 4. obtain'd the same title After that William de la Pole was made Marquis of Penbroke upon whose decease K. Hen. 6. created Jasper de Hatfield his brother by the mother's side Earl of Penbroke who being afterwards divested of all honours by K. Hen. 4. was succeeded by 13 Sir William Herbert for his good service against Jasper in Wales William Herbert who was kill'd in the battel at Banbury To him succeeded a son of the same name whom Edw. 4. having recover'd his Kingdom created Earl of Huntingdon conferring the title of Earl of Penbroke on his eldest son Edward Prince of Wales A long time after that King Hen. 8. entitled Anne of Bullen whom he had betrothed Marchioness of Penbroke 14 With a Mantle and Coronet in regard both of her Nobility and also her Vertues for so ran the words of the Patent At last King Edw. 6. in our memory invested 15 Sir William William Herbert Lord of Caer-Diff with the same title He was succeeded by his son Henry who was President of Wales under Queen Elizabeth And now his son William a person in all respects most accomplish'd enjoys that honour Origin of the Herberts This family of the Herberts is very noble and ancient in these parts of Wales For they derive their pedigree from Henry Fitz-Herbert Chamberlain to K. Hen. 1. who marry'd that King's ‖ Amasiam Concubine Reginald Earl of Cornwal's mother as I am inform'd by Mr. Robert Glover a person of great insight in Genealogies by whose untimely decease Genealogical Antiquities have suffer'd extreamly Parishes in this County 145. ADDITIONS to PENBROKSHIRE a THAT our Author hath justly represented the Flemings to be a warlike and industrious Nation is very evident as well from the account we have of them in History as that they have maintain'd their Territories to be distinguishable from the Welsh even to this day But that all Wales with united Forces hath several times invaded their Country and that without success seems a more honourable character of them than we find in other Historians I shall therefore transcribe what Dr. Powel hath deliver'd upon this occasion in his * p. 277. History of Wales In the year 1217. Prince Lhewelyn ap Gorwerth marched to Dyved and being at Kevn Kynwarchan the Flemings sent to him to desire a peace but the Prince would not grant them their request Then young Rŷs was the first that pass'd the river Kledheu to fight with those of the town of Haverford whereupon Gorwerth Bishop of St. Davids with all his Clergy came to the Prince to intercede for peace in behalf of the Flemings which after long debating was thus concluded First That all the Inhabitants of Ros and the Land of Penbroke should become the Prince's subjects and ever from thence-forth take him for their liege Lord. Secondly That they should pay him 1000 Marks toward his charges before Michaelmas next coming Thirdly That for the performance of these they should deliver forthwith to the Prince twenty Pledges of the best in all the Country c. And again p. 279. In the year 1220. Lhewelyn Prince of Wales led an Army to Penbroke against the Flemings who contrary to their Oath and League had taken the Castle of Aber Teivi which Castle the Prince destroy'd putting the Garison to the sword ras'd the Castle and went thence to the Land of Gwys where he ras'd that Castle and burn'd the Town Also he caus'd all Haverford to be burn'd to the Castle-gates and destroy'd all Ros and Daugledhau and they that kept the Castle sent to him for Truce till May which was concluded upon Conditions and so he return'd home b As to the ancient name of S. Davids there is not far from it a place at this day call'd Melin Meneu wherein is preserv'd the old denomination But the original signification of the word Meneu is now lost and perhaps not to be retriev'd However I would recommend it to the curious in Ireland and Scotland where the names of places agree much with those in Wales to consider whether it may not signifie a Frith or narrow Sea for we find the Chanel betwixt Caernarvonshire and the Isle of Anglesey to be call'd Abermeneu and that there is here also a small Fretum call'd the Sound betwixt this place and the Isle of Ramsey and another place call'd Meney by a Frith in Scotland in the County of Buquhan c Besides the instance of the Sea-sands being washt off we find the same to have happen'd about the year 1590. For Mr. George Owen who liv'd at that time and is mention'd by our Author as a learned and ingenious person gives us the following account of it in a Manuscript History of this County About twelve or thirteen years since it happen'd that the Sea-sands at Newgal which are cover'd every tide were by some extraordinary violence of the Waves so washed off that there appeared stocks of Trees doubtless in their native places for they retain'd manifest signs of the stroaks of the ax at the falling of them The Sands being washed off in the winter these Buts remain'd to be seen all the summer following but the next year the same were cover'd again with the Sands By this it appeareth that the Sea in that place hath intruded upon the