but principally to increase the knowledge of the Omnipotent God and the propagation of Our Christian Faith haue graciously accepted of their said intention and suit And therefore doe of Our speciall grace certaine knowledge and meere motion for Vs Our Heires and Successors giue graunt and confirme by these Presents vnto Our right deere and right welbeloued Cousin and Counsellor Henry Earle of Northampton Keeper of Our Priuy Seale and to Our trustie and right welbeloued Sir Laurence Tanfield Knight chiefe Baron of Our Exchequer Sir Iohn Dodridge Knight one of Our Sergeants at Law Sir Francis Bacon Knight Our Sollicitor Generall Sir Daniel Dun Sir Walter Cope Sir Pierciuall Willoughby and Sir Iohn Constable Knights Iohn Weld Esquire William Freeman Ralph Freeman Iohn Slany Humfrey Slany William Turner Robert Kirkam Gentlemen Iohn Weld Gentleman Richard Fishburne Iohn Browne Humfrey Spencer Thomas Iuxon Iohn Stokely Ellis Crispe Thomas Alport Francis Needeham William Iones Thomas Langton Phillip Gifford Iohn Whittingam Edward Allen Richard Bowdler Thomas Iones Simon Stone Iohn Short Iohn Vigars Iohn Iuxon Richard Hobby Robert Alder Anthony Haueland Thomas Aldworth William Lewis Iohn Guy Richard Hallworthy Iohn Langton Humfrey Hooke Phillip Guy William Meredith Abram Ienings and Iohn Dowghtie their Heires and Assignes And to such and so many as they doe or shall hereafter admit to be ioyned with them in forme hereafter in these Presents expressed whether they goe in their persons to bee planted in the said Plantation or whether they goe not but doe aduenture their Monyes Goods and Chattels that they shall bee one Body or Comminaltie perpetuall and shall haue perpetuall succession and one common Seale to serue for the said Body and Comminaltie And that they and their successours shall be knowne called and incorporated by the name of the Treasurer and the Company of Aduenturers and Planters of the Citie of London and Bristoll for the Colony or Plantation in New-found-land and that they and their successours shall bee from henceforth for euer inabled to take require and purchase by the name aforesaid Licence for the same from Vs Our Heires and Successours first had and obtained any manner of Lands Tenements and Hereditaments Goods and Chattels within Our Realme of England and Dominion of Wales and that they and their successours shall bee like wise inabled by the name aforesaid to plead and be impleaded before any Our Iudges or Iustices in any of Our Courts and in any Actions and Suits whatsoeuer And Wee doe also of Our said speciall grace certaine knowledge and meere motion for Vs Our Heires and Successours giue grant and confirme vnto the said Tresurer and Company and their Successours vnder the reseruations limitations and declarations hereafter expressed all that part and portion of the said Countrie commonly called New found land which is situate lying and being to the Southward of the parallel line to be conceiued to passe by the Cape or hedland commonly called or knowne by the name of Bonewist Inclusiue which Cape or hedland is to be Northward of the Bay commonly called Trinity Bay and also which is situate lying and being to the Eastward of the Meridian line to be conceiued to passe by the Cape or headland commonly called or knowne by the name of Cape Sancta Maria or Cape Saint Maries Inclusiue which Cape or headland is to be Eastward of the Bay commonly called the Bay of Placentia together with the Seas and Ilands lying within ten leagues of any part of the Sea coast of the Countrie aforesaid and also all those Countries Lands and Ilands commonly called Newfound land which are situate betweene forty and six degrees of Northerly latitude and two and fifty degrees of the like latitude and also all the Lands Soyle Grounds Hauens Ports Riuers Mines as well royall Mines of Gold and Siluer as other Mines Minerals Pearles and precious stones Woods Quarries Marshes Waters Fishings Hunting Hawking Fowling Commodities and Hereditaments whatsoeuer together with all Prerogatiues Iurisdictions Royalties Priuiledges Franchises and Preheminencies within any the said Territories and the precincts there of whatsoeuer and thereto or there abouts both by Sea and Land being or in any sort belonging or appertaining and which wee by our Letters Patents may or can grant and in as ample manner and sort as We or any of Our Noble progenitors haue heretofore granted to any Company body politique or Corporate or to any Aduenturer or Aduenturers Vndertaker or Vndertakers of any Discouery Plantation or Trafficke of in or into any foraine parts whatsoeuer and in as large and ample manner as if the same were herein particularly mentioned and expressed Neuerthelesse Our will and pleasure is and We doe by these presents expresse and declare that there be saued and reserued vnto all manner of persons of what Nation soeuer and also to all and euery Our louing Subiects which doe at this present or hereafter shall trade or voyage to the parts aforesaid for Fishing c. April 27. A. Reg. 8. Master IOHN GVY his Letter to Master SLANY Treasurer and to the Counsell of the New-found-land Plantation RIght worshipfull it may please you to vnderstand that it was the tenth day of this moneth of May before the Barke of Northam called the Consent arriued here in New-found-land notwithstanding that a Ship of Bristoll called the Lionesse came to this Countrey the second of May in a moneths space and the Trial of Dartmouth arriued here before in sixteene dayes By reason of which stay of the aforesaid Barke nothing could be done to take any of the places desired all being possessed before So that the Ship that commeth whereof as yet there is no newes is to trust to the place here which is reserued for her which I hope will proue a good place Some yeeres as great a Uoyage hath bin made here as in any place in this Land God send her hither in safetie I haue not yet seene any of the Countrey to the Southward or Northward of this Bay of Conception since this spring because I expected daily the arriuall of the Barke and thought it not fit to be absent herehence vntill she were arriued and dispatched but presently vpon her departure no time God willing shall be lost The care that was taken to require generally the Fishermen to assist vs and to supply our wants if any should be was most ioyfull and comfortable to vs which was most willingly accomplished by the most part of those which I haue yet seene yet God be praised such was the state of all things with vs as we were in no want of victuals but had a great remainder as you shall after vnderstand The state of the Autumne and Winter was in these parts of New-found-land after this manner In both the moneths of October and Nouember there were scarce six dayes wherin it either freezed or snowed and that so little that presently it was thawed and melted with the strength of the Sunne All the residue
Blacke Pinnasse and the into the aforesaid Riuer of Plate but it was not the will of God that we should execute our pretence For the same day wee thought to haue descried Land the winde beganne to blow South-west and the Seas were very darke swelling in waues so high that we could not perceiue any of our accompanied ships although we were very neere one to another the Seas brake ouer the Poope of our shippe and washed our men astonisht with feare into the Skippers the Roe-bucke in this storme ranne her against our Poope and brake downe all our Gallerie all things were cast into the Sea that stood aboue Hatches heere miserable Fortune began to frowne on vs all especially on mee for all that I had both in clothes and money were cast into the Sea all our ship with the Seas that brake ouer her sides Here our Generall shewed himselfe to bee of a noble courage for hee did nothing but runne vp and downe encouraging his men which were all amazed thinking that to bee their last houre this storme continued three dayes in which time wee lost most of our sayles blowne away from the yards It was the will of God that after we had been three dayes in the storme the wind ceased but the Seas continued so great that wee were not able to beare any sayle We lying thus tost with Seas without sight of any of our fleet the company murmured and wished themselues againe at Santos and indeed we al thought that the rest of our company were driuen back with the storme to the Coast thinking it best for vs to returne againe The Generall hearing what speeches passed in the shippe came forth vpon the halfe decke and commanded all the company to come before him and after he had heard them speake he answered that he had giuen directions to all the Masters and Captaines of the fleete that what weather soeuer should part them that they should vse their indeuour to take Port Desire and that they should tarry a fortnight so if none of the company came they should leaue some marke on the shoare and goe on their Voyage with that euery man was satisfied the Generall promising twentie pounds to whomsoeuer could first spie a sayle we made our course to Port Desire and in ten dayes we safely arriued at our desired Port where we found all our fleet but the Daintie which was no little comfort to vs all because the time of our yeere was almost past we stayed here but two dayes taking a few Penguins from an Iland right before Port Desire When we came to the mouth of the Straits wee found the winde contrary and were forced to lye beating before the Harbour of Port Famine three dayes ere wee could double that Cape for many times we did cast anchor without the Cape in twentie fathomes water but on a sudden the current would carrie away the ships with Cables and Anchors afloat in the night in this current the Roe-bucke driuen with the current fell crosse ouer the haze there wee had no other remedy but were forced to cut our cables and so lose our Anchors In the end with much adoe we doubled the Cape and got into Port Famine where wee lay a seuennight for want of winde and weather to goe forward It the time that wee were at Port Famine euery day our men went on shoáre to get Muscles and Fruits of the Countrey to eate and the barke of a tree that was like Sinamon One day the Boate being ashoare there came to vs aboue a thousand Canibals naked with feathers in their hands but they would not come so neere vs as we could touch them If we offered them any thing they would reach to vs with a long Pole and whatsoeuer we gaue them they would returne vs feathers for it wee made our signes to them for victuals and they would shew vs by signes that they had none but what they could kill with their Darts I haue told you how my chist and all my clothes were cast ouer-boord now comming to this cold Climates and wanting clothes my hope of life was little for here men were well at morning and by night frozen to death It was my fortune to goe ashoare to get some food for the allowance of our ship was little and comming aboord againe with my feete wette and wanting shift of clothes the next morning I was nummed that I could not stirre my legs and pulling off my stockings my toes came with them and all my feete were as blacke as soote and I had no feeling of them Then was I not able to stirre Thus I continued for the space of a fortnight till wee came into a faire Bay where there were many faire Ilands and on the rockes of some of these Ilands wee found Scouts made of the barkes of trees and afterwards wee found many Indians but none of them would come to vs. On the South-west side of the Mayne we found a Riuer which wee thought had gone to the South Sea Our long Boate was sent vp this Riuer and found it to be very straite and deepe On the sides thereof they found great Muscles and in them good store of Pearles and we named it the Riuer of Pearles the Bay had the name of the Master of our Pinnasse because he first found it and did discouer it called it Tobias Bay From this place wee went further into the Straites hauing the winde against vs and with the cold there died euery day out of our ship eight or nine men Here one Harris a Gold-smith lost his Nose for going to blow it with his fingers cast it into the fire This Iohn Chambers Caesar Ricasen and many that are now in England can testifie The Generall hauing experience that the wind would tarry at the least two moneths his men died so fast that hee thought best to returne for the Coast of Brasill and there to separate our fleete to the Hauens of Santos that lye on the Coast Riuer of Iennary Spirito Santo determining by this meanes to furnish himselfe with Ropes Sayles and Victuals of such prices as hee did not doubt but to take and likewise determining to take Santos againe The Generall came backe with this pretence for Brasill came to Port Famine where wee anchored two dayes and there tooke a note of all his men that were liuing and finding some of them very sicke commanded them to be set on shoare I was so ill in the Straites that no man thought I would haue liued and twice I was brought vpon the Hatches to bee cast into the Sea but it was the will of God that when they had said Prayers as they accustomed when any man died and that they laid hands on me to cast me ouer-boord I spake desiring them not to cast me ouer-boord till I was dead At this Port Famine comming backe the Generall would haue set me on shoare but Captaine
to traffick with them entreating vs to goe to then Towne the which we did where wee were receiued with dancing and singing of great and small and in euery house I was receiued with great ceremonies and long speeches of the chiefest that were in the Towne The next day I began to traffiâ—k with them for slaues and I bought ninetie all which I brought to Martin de Saa who remayned at Ilha Grande till I returned â—gaine Assoone as I came vnto him I deliuered all vnto him desiring him to stand my friend and to giue mee leaue to taâ—rie among the Canibals till such time as hee had spoken with his fatâ—er in my behalfe Laughing hee answered that I neede to feare to goe home for the man was recouered and gone to the Râ—uer of Plate and that his father was very sorry thinking I had beene eaten by some Serpent Leopard or Lion When I came before the Gouernour he blessed himselfe to see mee meruailing where I had beene so long and sent me againe to his Sugar mill where I continued a twelue-moneth and I had the charge to châ—stall the Sugar in which time I got two hundred crownes I determined to goe to Angola in Aethiopia and the Gouernour gaue me his word that I shoulâ— and that what fauour he could-shew me I should bee sure to haue but when the ship was readie to depart the Gouernour sent mee out of Towne on a sleeuelesse errand and I remayned ashoare and lost all that I had scraped together for my voyage A monetâ— or two after this it happened that the Wayanasses were set on by a kind of Canibals called Taymayas the Wayanasses haue traffâ—ck and friendship with the Portugals and the most mortall enemies that the Portugals haue in all America are the Taymayas The Wayanasses hauing lost a great many men in a battell not being able to make any head againe of themselues craued succour againe of the Portugals My Master being Gouernour of the Towne sent his sonne Martin de Saa with seuen hundred Portugals and two thousand Indians The Wayanasses certified vnto vs that the most that wee should bee before wee come to the Taymayas would bee a moneth Thus the fourteenth day of October 1597. we departed on our way with sixe Canoas by Sea some thirtie miles from the Riuer of Ianuarie for a Port called Paratee The first day that we departed we had a great storme where we thought we should all haue beene drowned but it was the will of God to saue our liues with the generall losse of all we had the Canoas turned vpside downe with the storme wee holding fast on the bottom of them were driuen on shoare with great hazard of our liues From the place where we droue on shoare to the Riuer of Wareteena it was three miles which we went by land and sent the Canoas to the Riuer of Ianuarie for victuals We tarried two dayes at Wareteena till the aforesaid Canoas returned the third day wee went to a place of Great Iland called Ippoa where there dwelt two or three Portugals Here we had great store of Poâ—atoâ—s Plantons to eat At this place we remayned fiue dayes for fiue hundred Canibals that were to come from an Iland called Iawaripipo When these Indians were come we depâ—rted in our Canoas for our desired Port called Paratee As we went in the night wee cut a great Bay of the Sea where a Whale did ouerturne one of our Canoas notwithstanding wee tooke the men that were in the Sea and went on for the Harbour aforesaid The next day the Captaine commanded all the Canoas to be pulled out of the water and to couer them well with boughes determining immediately to depart by land That night that we came to Paratee there came a Caniball to vs called Alecio from a Towne called Iequerequere this Town lyeth by the Sea-side right ouer against the Iland of San Sebastian This Inâ—ian brought eightie Bow-men with him offering himselfe with all his companie to goe with our Captaine The next day we departed on our voyage through the Mountaines at night the Captaine seeing Alecio the Caniball lying on the ground tooke away the Net that I had to sleepe in and gaue it to the Caniball I being faine to lie vpon the earth I complayned to some of the Portugals of the wrong that the Captaine did vse vnto mee they answered that his father sent me in that voyage onely to be made away I replyed Gods will be done After wee had gone on our iourney three dayes we came to the bottom of a great Mountaine called by the Indians Paranapeacano that is in our language The sight of the Sea this Mountaine is so high that wee were three dayes going vp and three dayes also going downe Two dayes after wee were descended we came into a faire champaine Countrie like meadow ground with long grasse and great store of Pine trees where we lodged that night in a bottom in which we killed aboue sixe hundred Snakes it was the will of God that one Indian called Ieronimo was bit by them and not any more This Indian presently swelled and his bloud sprung out of his eyes and his nailes and so he died After that we came to trauell againe through the Mountaynes some forty dayes then wee came to a great Riuer called Paracuona which Riuer wee passed with things made of Canes tyed together with withes which the Portugals call Iangathas We were foure dayes before we passed ouer this Riuer it was so great and ranne so swift After that wee trâ—uelled againe some 20. dayes till we came to a great Mountayne called Panaç◠yâ—awâ—â—paconâ— we were foure dayes going vp this Mountayne by reason of the great showres of raine that we had besides wee were very weake and all our victuals were done But hoping to find our enemies very soone we did our best â—o hold out comming vp this hill from sixe of the clocke in the morning till it was two of the clocke in the afternoone on a rainie day the Captaine commanded euery man to make his abode for that night whereupon I set downe my burthen and went into the Mountaynes to cut some boughes of a Tree called Saâ—â—ambaya to couer vs from the raine the weather was so cold and I hauing trauelled all day without meate was so feeble that going to cut a bough my sword fell out of my hand and I sate vnder a Tree where I had made mine end if it had not bin for my deere friend Henry Barrawell who seeing that I tarried long came to seeke me and found me in such case that I was not able neither to speake nor stand After he had brought me to the Campe he layed me by the fire I recouered and was very well After we had passed this Mountayne of Pareena wee trauelled in a kind of low wash ground there were great store of Canibals called Pories Vpon
many small peeces of Gold that we found in many places where the water washed away the Earth the Gouernour Generall tooke it paying vs for it more then it was worth and sent it to the King with a Sey for to consider whether it should be wrought or not the Gouernor Generall sent likewise 40000. pounds worth of Plate that he had wrought out of the Myne of Saint Paul which is twelue leagues from San Vincents In the time that I went to Etapusicke my Master was gone home then I serued as a Souldier for the space of three moneths that shipping went to the Riuer of Ienero then the Gouernour Generall requited my paines very honourably and sent me backe againe to my Master After that my Master sent to a place called the Organs which Hill is to bee seene from the Riuer of Ienero where we found a little Myne of Gold and many good stones There came a Hulke out of Spaine that brought a Bishop and a Spanish Gouernor to goe from thence in small shipping to the Riuer of Plate and from thence to Somma A little after that this Hulke arriued at the Riuer of Ienero where fell a disease in the Countrey like the meazels but as bad as the plague for in three moneths their dyed in the Riuer of Ienero aboue three thousand Indians and Portugals this disease was generally in all parts of the Countrey At this time going vp and downe from the Sugar-mill to the ship in the night with a Barke lading of Brasill for the Hulke with the Ayre one of my legges swelled that I could not stirre it is common and very dangerous in those Countries when a man is hot to come in the Ayre especially in the night for being a hot Countrey it hath a piercing ayre and suddenly striketh in any part of the bodie I was very ill for the space of a moneth The fourteenth of August 1601. Saluador Corea de Sasa Gouernour of the Riuer of Ianuary embarked himselfe in the aforesaid Hulke with his Wife Donenes de Soso determining to make his Voyage to Fernambuquo we sayled East to Seaward The fifteenth day wee kept still Eastward to the Sea The sixteenth day we kept North-east and about tenne of the clocke we had sight of the Cape The seuenteenth eighteenth and nineteenth hauing the wind North-west we kept stil Eastward for feare of the sands and cliffes called Aborollas they lye betweene the Cape and Spirito Santo The twentieth day hauing the winde South wee sayled our course North-east This course we kept till the fiue and twentieth of the moneth then the winde turned Northward we made East to Sea this course we were faine to keepe till the last day of the moneth the first of February the winde being at South-west wee sayled North-east along the Coast till the seuenth day of the moneth The eight day the Master and the Pilot tooke the height of the Sun and were ten degrees and an halfe Southward of the Line As the Master and the Pilot were talking together concerning the Voyage there came a Sea-foule and sitting vpon the backe stay cast out two or three little fishes with that a Spaniard called Iasper Conquero who had some experience of the Coast said to the Master take heed for I am afraid you are neerer the shoate then you take your selfe to bee for you know not how the current driueth you Westward vpon the Coast the Flemmings bade him meddle with his owne businesse and that they knew what to do without his counsell the Pilot made himselfe forty leagues from the shore directed his course North. The ninth day at midnight wee descried Land the Pilot presently cast his Lead and found but eight fathomes water then he commanded the Saylers to cast about the which they did the wind being at North-east and wee being neere the shore could not beare vp to Sea for wee saw Clifts both on the starboord and larboord side of vs and before wee could get out our Anchor we were driuen so neere the Clifts on the lee side of vs that wee had no other remedie but to runne vpon the Rockes where we had beene all cast away but that it was the pleasure of God to deliuer vs for wee lay with the Prow of our ship vpon one of the Rockes for the space of halfe an houre and we were faine to cut off both our Masts and to cast many chists ouer-boord thinking it had beene impossible to saue any thing but it was the will of God when wee least thought of it that a great Sea brake ouer the Rocke and put vs into eight fathomes water betweene the Rockes and the Cliffes so by the prouidence of God wee were deliuered out of the aforesaid danger The next day we saw Canibals along the shore then the Gouernour commanded mee to be set on shore to talke with the wilde people and to know of them vpon what Coast wee were or if we might goe to Fernambuquo by land the Captaine commanded a Mamaluke called Antonio Fernandes to goe with me ashore but when we came to land this Mamaluke durst not goe on shore for feare of the wilde Canibals so I went alone and saluted them according to the fashion of the Countrey then I enquired of them how they called the place where they were they told me that it was called Cororeyespe which is the Riuer of Toades likewise they said that we were very neere the Riuer of Saint Francis and Northward we had the Riuer called Saint Michell and that they were slaues to the Portugals of Fernambucke hauing driuen cattle to Baya and now they returned home againe One of these bond-slaues went aboord the shippe with mee and talked with the Gouernour the next day the Gouernours Wife entreated her husband that hee would leaue the Hulke and goe by land the which he did at his wifes request so commanding all his Treasure to be set on shore we left our ship the Gouernour commanded the Master to take Fernambuquo if it were possible if not that he should goe to Baya and from thence into Portugall with any ships that should depart from thence this Hulke had nine tunnes of Siluer in her the which incharged to Diego de Guadro by the Gouernour Generall Don Francisco de Sasa and at Fernambuquo the charge of it was giuen to my Master Saluador Corea de Sasa from the place where we were driuen on shore to Fernambucke is fortie leagues In this iourney from the Riuer of Toades or from the Clifts called Bayshas Deamrobrio did I and Domingos Gomes alway carrie a Boxe of pure Gold of my Masters some twelue leagues from the aforesaid Riuer of Toades to a place called by the Indians Vpauasou are three leagues this Vpauasou is a very singular good place to take flesh water from Vpauasou to another Riuer called Casuays is one league from the Casuayes to the Riuer of Saint Michell are foure leagues at
call Topaâ—uayaperâ— before the mouth of this Rocke towardes the Sea standeth another flat Rocke that reacheth somewhat into the Sea vpon it you shall see the prints of bare feet here if you fish with Lines you may quickly lade your shippe A little behind this stone house you shall see a fine Riuer of water where you shall finde many pretie greene stones that Indians doe vse to weare in their lips You may anchor within a Musket shoâ— of the shore but it is verie dangerous if the wind be in the East Pirateningâ— is fiue leagues to the Southward of Etioca right before it standeth a small Iland it is inhabited by the Portugâ—ls It is a Bay that runneth betweene two Mountaines a mile and more within the Land There I haue seene a Mermaid and many other strange fishes You may lie with your shipping at the Iland and send your Boates ashore where you shall find great store of Cattle and you may take good 〈…〉 ore of all kind of fishes iâ— you will either with Hook or Net Here you may haue Oranges Lemmons and Cassaui Meale and all other such things that the Countrey yeeldeth but you must be alwaies sure to keepe good watch for feare of the Portugals of the Riuer of Ianuary which are hard by you The Riuer of Ianuary lieth three leagues from Pirateâ—inga it is a great Arme of the Sea that runneth into the Land at the least fourteene miles on the mouth of this place stand foure Ilands and now the best marke that it hath to be knowne is a Fort that standeth on the North side of the comming in of the Harbour vpon a Rock On the South side standeth a Hill that reacheth into the Sea which the Portugals call Câ—â—o that is The top of a ship for it seemeth like the maine top-saile of a ship from Sea Hard by the Sea side on the foote of this Hill on the North side of the Hill as you saile into the Harbour standeth a Rocke of great height made like a Sugar-loafe and is called by the Portugals the Sugar-loafe In the midst of the going in in the mouth of this Riuer lieth a Rocke plainly to bee seene to goe in you must keepe betweene the Rocke and the Fort that standeth on the North side of you When you are entred the mouth of the Riuer and are past the Fort you shall see an Iland lie right before you and euen with a Church called Santa Lucia this Iland is called the Iland of Brigalion You must be sure to passe on the North side of this Iland and assoone as you haue passed it you shall see all the Citie both on the Hill and on â—he Sea side Then you must take heed that you goe not right to the Towne for you shall run vpon certaine shelues of sand that lie right before the Towne all along to a small Iland called the Iland of Saint Bent this Iland lâ—eth a quarter of a mile from the Iland of Bragalion and Eastward of this Iland of Saint Bent standeth a great Rocke you may saile betweene the Rocke and the Iland and assoone as you haue entred betweene them you may anchor hard by the Iland and then you shall see a Church standing vpon a Hill which is called Saint Bent then you need not feare to goe right before the Towne within a Caleeuer shot of the shore from the Towne you shal see on the North-east shore a towne of Canibals called Saint Lorenzo which is in peace with the Portugals and within the Bay you shall finde many Riuers and Sugar-mils where there is great profit to be made Waratiua lieth three leagues from the Riuer of Ianuary you may know it by two Ilands that lie right before the mouth of the aforesaid Riuer At the mouth of the Riuer likewise standeth a high Hill and on either side both on the South-west and North-east is low Land in this place you cannot enter with any ship but you may anchor betweene the Ilands and send your Boats ashore If you goe vp you shall find good store of Potatoe Roots Plantons great store of Oranges and Lemmons and many other kind of fâ—uits which are very good to releeue sicke men If you will fish with youâ— Net heere you shall kill all kinde of good fishes but alwayes bee sure to keepe good watch for the Portugals are very neere you From the Riuer of Waratiâ—â— for the space of foure leagues is all sâ—ndy low Land you shall see a high Hill which the Indiaâ—s call Mâ—rambayapâ—â—â— that is in our Language the end of Warre right ouer against this point you shall see a great Iland at the comming in of this Harbour you need not feare for hard by the shore you shall haue twâ—ntâ—â— fathome wateâ— When you are in the mouth of this Harbour right before you shall see a whiâ—e Rocke which will lie full West from you you must leaue the Iland Southward from you then shall you descrie another great Iland called Epâ—oya at a point of this Iland that lieth full West towards the firme Land you shall see two small Ilands and when you are right against those two Ilands you shall see a faire Bay where you may anchor at pleasure to come into this Bay you must enter between those two Ilands that I haue spoken of I doe describe this Harbour vnto you aboue many good Harbours that you may find because you may depart from hence with any wind for the mouth of Marambaya lieth Soâ—th-eaâ—â—â—rom you when you are in this Harbour then you haue another going out that lieth North-east from you from this Port where you shall anchor called Epeoya If you want victuals for your ships you may take your Boat or your Pâ—nnâ—sse and goe out betweene the two Ilands that you entred and when you are betweene those Ilands you shall see a flat broad Iland which will lye fâ—â—t South-west from you this Iland the Indians called Sâ—peawera that is the morning and this is the Iland that I was driuen vpon when I runne away to Master Hawkins as I haue told you in the discourse of my troubles you must come with your Boat to this Iland and you must be sure to passe betweene the West shore and the Iland and assoone as you haue passed the point of this Iland you shall see three Hils of red Earth one hard by another You must leaue one of them West from you then may you land your men at pleasure when you haue landed you must goe through a little Copps for the spâ—â—e of a Harquebusse shot then shall you come into a faire Lawne where you shall find great store of Cattle and a house or two that standeth vpon a Hiâ—l where you shall haue alwayes good store of Câ—ssaâ—i meale if you will haue Rootes and Plantonâ— vpon the Iland where you anchor there are good store but there is an Iland called the Long Iland where you shall
sometimes after they haue receiued it they depart without speaking a word After Dorante and Castiglio returned to the Iland they gathered together all the Christians who were somewhat dispersed and found them fourteene in all I as I said abode on the other side in the mayne Land whither my Indians had brought me and where a great sicknesse tooke me Now when the Christians knew that they gaue the Mantle of Martinets which wee had taken from the Cazique as aforesaid vnto an Indian that he might bring them where I was to see me and so twelue of them came because the other two were so weake that they feared to bring them with them And when they were come to the firme Land they found another of our men called Francesco del Leon. All these thirteene went along the Coast and as soone as the Indians who kept me were gone they aduised mee and told mee that Ieronimo d' Alaniz and Lope d' Ouiedo were yet remayning in that Iland My infirmitie hindered mee that I could not follow them and so I saw them not otherwise and I was of necessitie to stay with those same Indians of the Iland more then a yeere But by reason of the great trauell and paines whereunto they put me as also their euill vsage of me I determined to flye from thence and passe ouer vnto them who abide in the Mountaines and firme Land whom they call the Indians of Carrâ—co because I could not indure the life which I led with the other For among many other painfull labours I was compelled to digge Roots vnder the water and among the Canes where they grew vnder the ground And herewith I had my fingers so spoyled that a straw that should haue touched me would haue drawne bloud and the Canes being full of splinters tare mee in diuers parts among which I was to goe with the Garment aforesaid which I wore Whereupon I endeuoured to goe from thence vnto those other and with them I continued somewhat better And because I made my selfe a Merehant I was carefull to performe that office with the best knowledge I had And for this cause they gaue mee food and vsed mee well and prayed mee to goe from place to place for such things as they needed because in respect of the Warres which they continually make among themselues there is neither trauelling nor much trading among them so that now with my trafficke and Merchandise I went throughout the whole Countrie as farre as I would and trauelled along the Coast fortie or fiftie leagues The principall trafficke I had were pieces of shels of the Sea and their hides and shels wherewith they knit a certaine fruit like vnto Beech mast with the which they prouide for their dancings and festiuall sports and this is the greatest thing of price among them and crownes of the Sea and such other like things And this is that which I carried within Land I afterward carried hides in exchange and red Ocre with the which they anoint and die their faces and their haire I also carried flint stones to make Arrow heads and Glue and stiffe Canes to make Arrowes and certaine flockes which they make of Deeres haire so died that it remayneth coloured And this office greatly auailed me because I had libertie to goe whither I would and was not bound to doe any thing for I was not a slaue and whithersoeuer I went they vsed mee well and gaue mee somewhat to eate in respect of my Merchandize but that which most imported mee was that going thus I searched and saw how I might goe further and among them I was very well knowne And such as knew mee not desired my company and procured meanes to know mee for the fame which I had among them I continued about six yeeres with them in that Countrie alone and naked as they all goe I got Lope de Ouiedo to trauell with me to seeke out the Christians but hearing by the Indians that only three were left of our company he left me and I remained alone with those Indians who were called Queuenes and they with whom Lope went were called Dragnanes Two daies after Lope de Ouiedo was gone the Indians who kept Alonso del Castiglio and Andrea Dorante came vnto the place as those other Indians had foretold vs to eate of certaine Nuts wherewith they maintaine themselues grinding certaine graines with them two monethes in the yeere without eating any other thing although they haue them not euery yeere because some yeeres they grow and some not They are of the bignesse of those of Galicia and the trees are very great and are there in great number Being now neere vnto the place where they lodged Andrea Dorante came forth to see who it was because the Indians had now told him that a Christian was come And as soone as he saw me he remained much astonished because they supposed I had beene long since dead for so the Indians told them Wee gaue God heartie thankes to see one another and that day was one of them wherein wee had the greatest ioy and pleasure in our liues And after comming where Castiglio was they asked mee whether I would goe I answered that my purpose was to passe into the Land of the Christians and that I went seeking and searching how I might doe it Andrea Dorante answered that long since hee intreated Castiglio and Esteuamico that we might go further but they durst not venter to do it because they could not swimme and greatly feared the Riuers and Gulfes which they were to passe ouer there being many in those Countries Wherefore seeing it had pleased our Lord God to preserue mee among so many dangers and diseases and in the end to bring mee into their company they determined to flie and that I should carrie them ouer the Riuers and Gulfes which wee found And they aduertized mee that by no meanes I should let the Indians know that I would goe further because they would presently kill me and that for this cause I was of necessitie to stay with them sixe monethes which was the time in the which those Indians went into another Countrie to eate Tune These Tune are certaine Fruits of the bignesse of an Egge red and blacke and of a very good taste They eate them three monethes in the yeere wherein they eate no other thing and because at the time when they gathered them other Indians beyond would come with Bowes to contract and barter with them we when they returned might escape from our Indians and goe with them With this determination I remained there and yeelded my selfe a slaue vnto an Indian with whom Dâ—rante abode These Indians are called Mariane and Castiglio remained with other of their Neighbours called Iguales And while we continued there they reported vnto mee that after they were come out of the Iland of Malhado vpon the Sea Coast they found the Boat wherein the Auditor and the Friers crossed
fore-parts then behind which is like wooll a mane like a Horses on their backe bone and long haire from the knees downward with store of long haire at the chinne and throat a long flocke also at the end of the males tailes The Horses fled from them of which they slue some being enraged They are 〈…〉 eat drinke shooes houses fire vessels and their Masters whole substance Other creatures as big as Horses the Spaniards for their fiue wooll called Sheepe one of their hornes ordinarily weighed fiftie pounds There are also great Dogs which will fight with a Bull able to carrie fiftie pounds weight in their huntings and remouals A N 〈…〉 1581. Frier Augustine Ruiz with two other Friers and eight Souldiers trauelled from the Mines of Saint Barbara to Los Tiguas two hundred and fifty leagues Northwards where vpon occasion of one of the Friers being slaine the Souldiers returned The two Friers and a Mestizo stayed Whereupon the Franciscans carefull of their two Brethren procured Antonio de Espeio a rich Mexican with Frier Bernardine Beltran and others licensed to follow him to set â—orth on the said Discouerie in Nouember An. 1582. with an hundred and fifteene Horses and store of prouisions Hee passed the Conchos and the Passaguates and Tobâ—sos and Iumanos finding many Siluer Mines in the way and then came to people which for want of Language they could not name and heard by one of the Conchos of a great Lake and Townes neere it with houses of three or foure stories but went not thither Fifteene dayes they trauelled thorow Woods of Pine-trees and two thorow Woods of Poplars and Walâ—uts still keeping by the Riuer of the North as they called it till they came to a Countrie which they called New Mexico They came to ten Townes situate on both sides the Riuer which vsed them kindly Their houses are of foure stories well built with Stoues for Winter their apparel of Cotton and Deeres skinnes both men and women ware Boots and Shooes with soles of Neats leather Each house had an Oratorie for the Deuill where they set him meate for whose ease as they say they erect Chappels also in the high-way Thence they came to Tiguas in which were sixteene Townes in Poala they had slaine the two Friers and now therefore fled to the Mountaines They fouâ—d many Hennes in the Countrey and many metals Hearing that there were rich Townes Eastwards they trauelled two dayes and found eleuen Townes and as they thought fortie thousand people There are signes of rich Mines They heard of a Prouince Quires sixe leagues higher vp the Riuer which they visited and found fiue Townes They saw there a Pie in a Cage and certaine tirasols or shadowes such as they vse in China in which were painted the Sunne Moone and Starres They found themselues in 37. degrees and a halfe Fourteene leagues more to the North they came to the Cunames which had fiue Townes the greatest was Câ—a with eight Market places the houses plaistered and painted with diuers colours the people many and more ciuill then any they had seene They trauelled thence North-westward to a Countrie which had seuen great Townes and in them thirtie thousand soules Fifteene leagues further Westward they came to Acoma a Towne of sixe thousand persons seated on a Rocke fifty paces high without any passage to it but by staires hewen in the Rocke all their water was kept in Cisternes They trauelled hence foure and twentie leagues Westward to Zuny or Cibola where Vasquez had beene and erected Crosses still standing Three Indians of his Armie were still aliue here which told Espeio of a great Lake sixtie dayes iourney thence vpon the bankes whereof were many Townes which had store of Gold Whereupon the rest returning hee with nine companions determined to goe thither and came to a populous Prouince called Mohotze and being well entertained hee perswaded the Indians to build a Fort to secure them from the Horses which hee said would otherwise eate them which they did Here he left some of his companie and went to discouer certaine rich Mines whereof he had heard fiue and fortie leagues Westward which hee found rich of Siluer He had further intelligence also of that great Lake and hauing trauelled twelue leagues to the Hubates and Tamos populous Prouinces being so few they returned in Iuly 1583. by another way downe a Riuer called De las Vaccas or Of Kine an hundred and twenty leagues still meeting with store of those cattell and thence to Conchos and so to the Valley of Saint Bartholmew in New Biscay Bartholmew Canâ— writ from Mexico in May 1590. that Rodrigo del Rio Gouernour of New Biscay was sent by the Vice-roy with fiue hundred Spansards to the conquest of Cibola NOw for Cortez his three ships they set forth from Acapulco the eighth of Iuly 1539. and sayled alongst the coast Northwards to Cape Roxo as they stiled it and so to the Riuer of Saint Crosses which coast some thought to bee part of the Continent others to bee but broken Lands or Ilands and sayled so farre in the same that I am loth to follow them the particulars being both in Ramusio and Master Hakluyt Fernando Alarchon Anno 1540. was sent by Mendoza the Vice-roy with two ships who sayth hee went to the bottome of the Bay of California and sayled vp the Riuer farre into the Countrie I remit the desirous Reader to the Authours aforesaid To mee Ullua the Marquesses Generall seemes to make California nothing but Ilands and to haue sayled within a great way and after out of them this other aemulous Discouerer would seeme to finde it a Bay and therefore goeth vp the Riuer later Maps make it an Iland as wee haue said a Letter 1595. from Los Angelos calleth them Ilands and sayth they are rich and that the Vice-roy sent to conquer them But I am Sea-sicke and therefore returne to our Land-discouerers In which wee haue a Iesuite first to entertaine you and after that a Letter of later Newes of Onnates Discoueries in those Northerne parts of America All which may be of vse one day when our Virginian Plantation which blusheth to see so little done after eighteene yeeres continued habitation with so much cost and so many liues and liuelihoods spent thereon shall lift vp her head with more viue alacritie and shake her glorious lockes and disparkle her triumphant lookes thorow the inland Countries to the Westerne Ocean And indeed for Uirginias sake wee haue so long held you in Spanish discourses of whose Acts this Chapter had beene the last but that the leauen which leaueneth in so great part the Spanish lumpe may be knowne to awaken English vigilance to preuent it in themselues they had a faire caueat 1588. and to auoide the like with others I shall adde to these their Discoueries a Spanish Traueller Frier Bishop to discouer their Discouerers which shall cast vp
since the yeare 1504. When we shall say that the Spaniards haue wasted your Maiesties and laid you desolate seuen Kingdomes bigger then Spaine you must conceiue that we haue seene them wonderfully peopled and now there is nobody left because the Spaniards haue slaine all the naturall inhabitants by meanes aforesaid and that of the Townes and Houses there remaineth onely the bare wals euen as if Spaine were all dispeopled and that all the people being dead there remained onely the wals of Cities Townes and Castels Your Maiestie haue not out of all the Indies one maruedy of certaine perpetuall and set rent but the whole reuenewes are as leaues and straw gathered vpon the earth which being once gathered vp doe grow no more euen so is all the rent that your Maiestie hath in the Indies vaine and of as small continuance as a blast of winde and that proceedeth onely of that the Spaniards haue had the Indians in their power and as they doe daily slay and rost the inhabitants so must it necessarily ensue that your Maiesties rights and rents doe wast and diminish The Kingdome of Spaine is in great danger to be lost robbed oppressed and made desolate by forraigne Nations namely by the Turkes and Moores because that God who is the most iust true and soueraigne King ouer all the world is wroth for the great sinnes and offences that the Spaniards haue committed throughout the Indies But had chosen Spaine as his minister and instrument to illuminate and bring them to his knowledge and as it had bin for a worldly recompence besides the eternall reward had granted her so great naturall riches and discouered for her such and so great fruitfull and pleasant lands c. In as much as our life is short I doe take God to witnesse with all the Hierarchies and thrones of Angels all the Saints of the heauenly court and all the men in the world yea euen those that shall hereafter be borne of the certificate that here I doe exhibite also of this the discharge of my conscience namely that if his Maiestie granteth to the Spaniards the aforesaid diuellish and tyrannous partition notwithstanding whatsoeuer lawes or statutes shall be deuised yet will the Indies in short space be laid desart and dispeopled euen as the I le of Hispaniola is at this present which otherwise would be most fruitfull and fertile together with other the Iles lands aboue 3000. leagues about besides Hispaniola it selfe and other lands both farre and neere And for those sinnes as the holy Scripture doth very well informe God will horribly chastize and peraduenture wholly subuert and roote out all Spaine Anno 1542. The summe of the disputation betweene Fryer BARTHOLOMEVV de las CASAS or CASAVS and Doctor SEPVLVEDA DOctor Sepulueda the Emperours chronographer hauing information and being perswaded by certaine of those Spaniards who were most guiltie in the slaughters and wastes committed among the Indian people wrote a Booke in Latine in forme of a Dialogue very eloquently and furnished with all flowers and precepts of Rhetoricke as indeede the man is very learned and excellent in the said tongue which Booke consisted vpon two principall conclusions the one That the Spaniards warres against the Indians were as concerning the cause and equitie that moued them thereto very iust also that generally the like warre may and ought to be continued His other conclusion that the Indians are bound to submit themselues to the Spaniards gouernment as the foolish to the wise if they will not yeelde then that the Spaniards may as he affirmeth warre vpon them These are the two causes of the losse and destruction of so infinite numbers of people also that aboue 2000. leagues of the maine land are by sundry new kindes of Spanish cruelties and inhumaine dealings bin left desolate in the Ilands namely by Conquests and Commands as hee now nameth those which were wont to be called Partitions The said Doctor Sepulueda coloureth his Treatise vnder the pretence of publishing the title which the Kings of Castile and Leon doe challenge in the gouernment and vniuersall soueraigntie of this Indian world so seeking to cloake that doctrine which he endeuoureth to disperse and scatter as well in these lands as also through the Kingdomes of the Indians This Booke he exhibited to the royall Councell of the Indies very earnestly and importunately lying vpon them for licence to print it which they sundry times denied him in respect of the offence dangers and manifest detriment that it seemed to bring to the Common-wealth The Doctor seeing that here he could not publish his Booke for that the Counsell of the Indies would not suffer it he dealt so farre with his friends that followed the Emperours Court that they got him a Patent whereby his Maiestie directed him to the royall Counsell of Castile who knew nothing of the Indian affaires vpon the comming of these Letters the Court and Couâ—sell being at Aranda in Duero the yeare 1547. Fryer Bartholomew de las Casas or Casaus Bishop of the royall towne of Chiapa by hap arriued there comming from the Indians and hauing intelligence of Doctor Sepulneda his drifts and deuises had notice also of the Contents of his whole Booke but vnderstanding the Authors pernicious blindenesse as also the irrecouerable losses that might ensue vpon the printing of this Booke with might and maine withstood it discouering and reuealing the poyson wherewith it abounded and whereto it pretended The Lords of the Royall Counsaile of Castile as wise and iust Iudges determined therefore to send the said Booke to the Vniuersities of Salamanca and Alcala the matter being for the most part therein Theologically handled with commandement to examine it and if it might bee printed to signe it which Vniuersities after many exact and diligent disputations concluded that it might not be printed as contayning corrupt doctrine The Doctor not so satisfied but complaning of the Vniuersities aforesaid determined notwithstanding so many denials and repulses at both the Royall Counsailes to send his Treatise to his friends at Rome to the end there to print it hauing first transformed it into a certaine Apologie written to the Bishop of Segouia because the same Bishop hauing perused the Treatie and Booke aforesaid had brotherly and charitably as his friend by Letters reprooued and counsailed him The Emperour vnderstanding of the Impression of the said Booke and Apologie did immediately dispatch his Letters Patents for the calling in and suppression of the same commanding likewise to gather in againe all Copies thereof throughout Castile For the said Doctour had published also in the Castilian Language a certaine abstract of the said Booke thereby to make it more common to all the Land and to the end â—â—so that the Commons and such as vnderstood no Latine might haue some vse thereof as being a matter agreeable and toothsome to such as coueted great riches and sought wayes to clime to other estates then either themselues or their
the Rain-bow which did appeare with all his colours in the water procured by the shadow that our Boare-spright sayle did make ouer the same being opposite to the Sunne which assembling his beames within the hollownesse of the same sayle as it doth within the Cloudes those beames were forced to make a reuerberation in the water and to shew forth this wonder In the end wee arriued within foure leagues of Campseau at a Port where a good old man of Saint Iohn de Lus called Captaine Saualet receiued vs with all the kindnesse in the World And for as much as this Port which is little but very faire hath no name I haue qualified it in my Geographicall Mappe with the name of Saualet This good honest man told vs that the same Voyage was the two and fortieth Voyage that he had made into those parts and neuerthelesse the New-found-land-men doe make but one in a yeere He was maruellously pleased with his fishing and told vs moreouer that hee tooke euery day fiftie Crownes worth of fish and that his Voyage would bee worth one thousand pounds He payed wages to sixteene men and his vessell was of eightie tuns which could carrie 100000. dry fishes Wee were foure dayes there by reason of the contrary wind Then came we to Campseau where we tarried for the other Barke which came two dayes after vs. And as for Monsieur de Poutrincourt as soone as he saw that the Corne might be reaped he pulled vp some Rie root and all for to shew here the beautie goodnesse and vnmeasurable height of the same Hee also made gleanes of the other sorts of Seeds as Wheat Barley Oates Hempe and others for the same purpose Delighting my selfe in this exercise God hath blessed my poore labour and I haue had in my Garden as faire Wheate as any can be in France whereof the said Monsieur de Poutrincourt gaue vnto mee a gleane when hee came â—o the said Port de Campseau Hee was readie to depart from Port Royall when Membertou and his company arrâ—ued victorious ouer the Armouchiquois At the instant request of the said Membertou he tarried yet one day But it was pitious to see at his departing those poore people weepe who had beene alwayes kept in hope that some of ours should alwayes tarrie with them In the end promise was made vnto them that the yeere following housholds and families should bee sent thither wholly to inhabit their Land and teach them Trades for to make them liue as wee doe which promise did somewhat comfort them There was left remayning ten Hogs-heads of Meale which were giuen to them with the Corne that we had sowed and the possession of the Manour if they would vse it which they haue not done For they cannot be constant in one place and liue as they doe The eleuenth of August the said Monsieur de Poutrincourt departed with eight in his companie from the said Port Royall in a shallop to come to Campseau A thing maruellously dangerous to crosse so many Bayes and Seas in so small a vessell laden with nine persons with victuals necessarie for the Voyage and reasonable great quantitie of other stuffe Being arriued at the Port of Captaine Saualet he receiued them all as kindly as it was possible for him And from thence they came to vs to the said Port of Campseau where we tarried yet eight dayes The third day of September we weighed Anchors and with much adoe came wee from among the Rockes that be about the said Campseau Which our Mariners did with two shallops that did carrie their Anchors very farre into the Sea for to vphold our ship to the end she should not strike against the Rockes Finally being at Sea one of the said shallops was let goe and the other was taken into the Ionas which besides our lading did carrie 100000. of fish as well drie as greene Wee had reasonable good wind vntill we came neere to the Lands of Europe But we were not ouer-cloyed with good cheere because that they who came to fetch vs presuming we were dead did cramme themselues with our refreshing commodities Our Workemen dranke no more Wine after we had left Port Royall And we had but small portion thereof because that which did ouer abound with vs was drunke merrily in the company of them that brought vs newes from France The sixe and twentieth of September wee had sight of the Sorlingues which bee at the Lands end of Cornewall in England and the eight and twentieth thinking to come to Saint Maloes Being at Paris the said Monsieur de Poutrincourt presented to the King with the fruits of the Land from whence he came and especially the Corne Wheate Rie Barley and Oates as being the most precious thing that may be brought from what Countrey soeuer The said Monsieur de Poutrincourt had bred tenne Outards taken from the shell which hee thought to bring all into France but fiue of them were lost and the other fiue he gaue to the King who delighted much in them and they are at Fountaine Belleau Vpon the faire shew of the fruites of the said Countrey the King did confirme to Monsieur de Monts the priuiledge for the Trade of Beuers with the Sauages to the end to giue him meanes to establish his Colonies in New France And by this occasion he sent thither in March last Families there to beginne Christian and French Common-wealths which God vouchsafe to blesse and increase The said ships being returned we haue had report by Monsieur de Champdore and others of the state of the Countrie which we had left and of the wonderfull beautie of the Come that 〈◊〉 said Monsieur de Poutrincourt had sowed before his departure together of the gr 〈…〉 es that â—ee fallen in the Gardens which haue so increased that it is an incredible thing Me 〈…〉 did â—â—ther six or seuen barrels of the Corne that we had fowed and had yet one left which he reserued for the Frenchmen whom he looked for who arriuing hee saluted with three Musket shots and Bonfires When it was laid to his charge that he had eaten our Pidgeons which wee left there he fell a weeping and embracing him that told it him said that it was the Macharoa that is to say the great Birds which are Eagles which did eate many of them while wee were there Moreouer all great and small did inquire how we did naming euery one by his owne name which is a witnesse of great loue From Port Royall the said Champdore went as farre as Chouakouet the beginning of the Armouchiquois Land where hee pacified that Nation with the Etechemins which was not done without solemnitie For as hee had begun to speake of it the Captaine who is now insteed of Olmechin named Astikou a graue man and of a goodly presence how sauage soeuer hee be demanded that some one of the said Etechemins should be sent to him and that
he came whereupon the Gouernor of Tercera did him great honor and betweene them it was concluded perceiuing the weaknesse of their Ships and the danger of the Englishmen that they would send the Ships empty with Soldiers to conuey them either to Siuil or Lisbone where they could first arriue with aduise vnto his Maiesty of all that had past and that he would giue order to fetch the Siluer with good and safe conuoy Wherepuon the said Aluaro Flores staied there vnder colour of keeping the Siluer but specially because of his disease and for that they were afraid of the Englishmen This Aluaro Flores had alone for his owne part aboue fifty thousand Ducats in Pearles which he shewed vnto vs and sought to sell them or barter them with vs for Spices or bils of exchange The said two Ships set saile with three or foure hundred men as well Soldiers as others that came with them and not one man saued Tke Vice-admirall cut downe her Mast and ranne the Ship on ground out of India and being at Sea had a storme wherewith the Admirall burst and sunke in thâ— Sea hard by Sentuual where it burst in peeces some of the men sauing themselues by swimming that brought the newes but the rest were drowned In the same moneth there came two great ships out of the Spanish Indies and being within halfe a mile of the Road of Tercera they met with an English shippe that after they had fought long together tooke them both About seuen or eight moneths before there had beene an English ship in Tercera that vnder the name of a Frenchman came to traffique in the Iland there to lade wood and being discouered was both ship and goods confiscated to the Kings vse and all the men kept prisoners yet went they vp and downe the streets to get their liuings by labouring like slaues being in deed as safe in that Iland as if they had beene in prison But in the end vpon a Sunday all the Sailers went downe behind the Hils called Bresill where they found a Fisher-boat whereinto they got and rowed into the Sea to the Earle of Cumberlands ship which to their great fortune chanced at that time to come by the Iland and anchored with his ships about halfe a mile from the Road of Angra hard by two small Ilands which lye about a Bases shot from the Iland and are full of Goats Buckes and Sheepe belonging to the Inhabitants of the Iland of Tercera Those Saylers knew it well and thereupon they rowed vnto them with their Boats and lying at Anchor that day they fetched as many Goats and Sheepe as they had neede of which those of the Towne and of the Iland well saw and beheld yet durst not once go forth so there remayned no more on Land but the Master and the Merchant of the said English ship This Master had a Brother in Law dwelling in England who hauing newes of his brothers imprisonment in Tercera got licence of the Queene of England to set forth a ship therewith to see if he could recouer his losses of the Spaniards by taking some of them and so to redeeme his brother that lay prisoner in Tercera and he it was that tooke the two Spanish shippes before the Towne The Master of the ship aforesaid standing on the shore by me and looking vpon them for he was my great acquaintance the shipss being taken that were worth three hundred thousand Duckets he sent all the men on Land sauing only two of the principall Gentlemen which he kept aboord thereby to ransome his brother and sent the Pilot of one of the Indian ships that were taken with a Letter to the Gouernour of Tercera wherein he wrote that hee should deliuer him his brother and he would send the two Gentlemen on Land if not he would saile with them into England as indeed he did because the Gouernour would not doe it saying that the Gentleman might make that suite to the King of Spaine him selfe This Spanish Pilot we bid to supper with vs and the Englishmen likewise where hee shewed vs all the manner of their fight much commending the order and manner of the Englishmens fighting as also for their courteous vsing of him but in the end the English Pilot likewise stole away in a French ship without paying any ransome as yet In the moneth of Ianuary 1590 there arriued one ship alone in Tercera that came from the Spanish Indies and brought newes that there was a fleet of a hundred ships which put out from the Firme Land of the Spanish Indies and by a storme were driuen vpon the Coast called Florida where they were all cast away she hauing only escaped wherein there were great riches and many men lost as it may well be thought so that they made their account that of two hundred and twentie ships that for certaine were knowne to haue put out of Noua Spaigna Santo Domingo Hauana Capo verde Brasilia Guinea c. In the yeere 1989. to sayle for Spaine in Portugall there were not aboue fourteene or fifteene of them arriued there in safetie all the rest being either drowned burst or taken In the same Moneth of Ianuary there arriued in Tercera fifteen or sixteene ships that came from Siuilia which were most Flie-boats of the low Countries and some Brittons that were arrested in Spaine these came full of Souldiers and well appointed with munition to lade the siluer that lay in Tercera and to fetch Aluares de Flores by the Kings commandement into Spaine And because that time of the yeere there is alwayes stormes about those Ilands therefore they durst not enter into the Road of Tercera for that as then it blew so great a storme that some of their ships that had anchored were forced to cut downe their Masts and were in danger to bee lost and among the rest a ship of Biscay ranne against the Land and was stricken in pieces but all the men saued themselues The other ships were forced to keepe the Sea and separate themselues one from the other where winde and weather would driue them vntill the fifteenth of March for that in all that time they could not haue one day of faire weather to anchor in whereby they indured much miserie cursing both the siluer and the Iland This storme being past they chanced to meete with small English ship of about fortie tunnes in bignesse which by reason of the great wind could not beare all her sailes so they set vpon her and tooke her and with the English flagge in their Admirals sterne they came as proudly into the Hauen as if they had conquered all the Realme of England but as the Admirall that bare the English flagge vpon her sterne was entring into the Road there came by chance two English ships by the Iland that paid her so well for her paines that they were forced to cry Misericordia and without all doubt had taken her if she had beene but a mile further
a Cliffe neere to the Iland of Tercera where it brake in a hundred peeces and sunke to the ground hauing in her seuenty men Gallegos Biscaines and others with some of the captiue Englishmen whereof but one was saued that got vp vpon the Cliffes aliue and had his body and head all wounded and he being on shore brought vs the newes desiring to be shriuen and thereupon presently died The Reuenge had in her diuers faire Brasse Peeces that were all sunke in the Sea which they of the Iland were in good hope to weigh vp againe the next Summer following Among these Ships that were cast away about Tercera was likewise a Flie-boate one of those that had bin arested in Portugall to serue the King called the White Doue The Master of her was one Cornelius Martenson of Schiedam in Holland and there were in her one hundred Souldies as in euery one of the rest there was He being ouer ruled by the Captaine that he could not be Master of his owne sayling here and there at the mercy of God as the storme droue him in the end came within the sight of Tercera which the Spaniards perceiuing thought all their safety onely to consist in putting into the Road compelling the Master and the Pilot to make towards the Iland although the Master refused to doe it saying that they were most sure there to be cast away and vtterly spoiled but the Captain called him drunkard Heretick and striking him with a staffe commanded him to do as he would haue him The Master seeing this and being compelled to doe it said well then my Masters seeing it is the desire of you all to be cast away I can but loose one life and therewith desperately he sailed towards the shoare and was on that side of the Iland where there was nothing else but hard stones and Rockes as high as Mountaines most terrible to behold where some of the Inhabitants stood with long ropes and corke bound at the end thereof to throw them downe vnto the men that they might lay hold vpon them and saue their liues but few of them got so neere most of them being cast away and smitten in peeces before they could get to the wall The Ship sailed in this manner as I said before towards the Iland and approaching to the shoare the Master being an old man and full of yeares called his Sonne that was in the ship with him and hauing imbraced one another and taken their last farewell the good old father willed his Sonne not to take care for him but seeke to saue himselfe for said he sonne thou art yong and may haue some hope to saue thy life but as for me it is no great matter I am old what become of me and therewith each of these shedding many teares as euery louing father and kinde childe may well consider the ship fell vpon the Cliffes and brake in peeces the Father on the one side the sonne on the other side falling into the sea each laying hold vpon that which came next to hand but to no purpose for the sea was so high and furious that they were all drowned and onely foureteene or fifteene saued themselues by swimming with their legges and armes halfe broken and out of ioynt among the which was the Masters sonne and foure other Dutch Boyes the rest of the Spaniards and sailers with the Captaine and Master were drowned whose heart would not melt with teares to behold so grieuous a sight specially considering with himselfe that the greatest cause thereof was the beastlinesse and insolency of the Spaniards as in this onely example may well be seene whereby may be considered how the other ships sped as we our selues did in part behold and by the men that were saued did heare more at large as also some others of our Countrimen that as then were in the like danger can well witnesse On the other Ilands the losse was no lesse then in Tercera for on the Iland of Saint George there were two Ships cast away on the Iland of Pico two Ships on the Iland of Gratiosa three ships besides those there came euerywhere round about diuers peeces of broken ships other things fleeting towards the Ilands wherewith the Sea was all couered most pittifull to behold On the Iland of Saint Michael there were foure Ships cast away and betweene Tercera and Saint Michaels three more were sunke which were seene and heard to crie out whereof not one man was saued The rest put into the Sea without Masts all torne and rent so that of the whole Fleete and Armado being one hundred and forty ships in all there were but thirty two or thirty three ariued in Spaine and Portugall yea and those few with so great misery paine and labour that not two of them arriued there together but this day one and to morrow another next day the third so one after the other to the number aforesaid All the rest were cast away vpon the Ilands and ouerwhelmed in the sea whereby may be considered what great losse and hinderance they receiued at that time for by many mens iudgements it was esteemed to be much more then was leftby their Armie that came for England and it may well be thought and presumed that it was no other but a iust plague purposely sent by God vpon the Spaniards and that it might truely be said the taking of the Reuenge was iustly reuenged vpon them and not by the might or force of man but by the power of God as some of them openly said in the Isle of Tercera that they beleeued verily God would consume them and that he tooke part with Lutherans and Heretickes saying further that so soone as they had throwne the dead body of the Viceadmirall Sir Richard Greenfield ouer-boord they verily thought that as he had a diuellish Faith and Relion and therefore the Diuels loued him so he presently sunke into the bottome of the Sea and downe into Hell where he raised vp all the Diuels to the reuenge of his death and that they brought so great stormes and torments vpon the Spaniards because they onely maintained the Catholike and Romish Religion such and the like blasphemies against God they ceased not openly to vtter without that any man reproued them therein nor for their false opinions but the most part of them rather said and affirmed that of truth it must needes be so As one of those Indian Fleetes put out of Noua Spaigna there were fiue and thirty of them by storme and tempest cast away and drowned in the Sea being fiftie in all so that but fifteene escaped Of the Fleete that came from Santo Domingo there were foureteene cast away comming out of the Channell of Hauana whereof the Admirall and Viceadmirall were two of them and from Terra Firma in India there came two ships laden with Gold and Siluer that were taken by the Englishmen and before the Spanish Armie came
whatsoeuer from the said first seate of their Plantation and Habitation by the space of fiftie miles of English Statute measure all alongst the said Coast of Virginia and America towards the West and South-west as the Coast lyeth withall the Ilands within one hundred miles directly ouer against the same Sea Coast And also all the Lands Soyle Grounds Hauens Ports Riuers Mynes Myneralls Woods Marishes Waters Fishings Commodities and Hereditaments whatsoeuer from the said place of their first Plantation and Habitation for the space of fiftie like English miles all alongst the said Coast of Virginia and America towards the East and North-east as the Coast lyeth together with all the Ilands within one hundred miles directly ouer against the same Sea-coast And also all the Lands Woods Soyle Grounds Hauens Ports Riuers Mynes Mynerals Marishes Waters Fishings Commodities and Hereditaments whatsoeuer from the same fiftie miles euery way on the Sea Coast directly into the mayne Land by the space of one hundred like English miles And shall and may inhabit and remayne there and shall and may also build and fortifie within any the same for their better safeguard and defence according to their best discretions and the direction of the Councell of that Colonie And that no other of our Subiects shall be permitted or suffered to plant or inhabit behind or on the backeside of them towards the mayne Land without the expresse license or consent of the Councell of that Colonie thereunto in writing first had or obtained And we doe likewise for vs our Heires and Successors by these presents grant and agree that the said Thomas Hanham Rawleigh Gilbert William Parker and George Popham and all others of the Towne of Plimmouth in the Countie of Deuon or elsewhere which are or shall be ioyned vnto them of that Colonie shall be called the second Colonie and that they shall and may begin their said first Plantation and Seate of their first aboad and Habitation at any place vpon the said Coast of Virginia and America where they shall thinke fit and conuenient betweene thirtie eight and fortie fiue degrees of the same latitude and that they shall haue all the Lands Soyle Grounds Hauens Ports Riuers Mynes Minerals Woods Marishes Waters Fishings Commodities and Hereditaments whatsoeuer from the first Seate of their Plantation and Habitation by the space of fiftie like English miles as is aforesaid all alongst the said Coast of Virginia and America towards the West and South-west and towards the South as the Coast lieth And all the Ilands within one hundred miles directly oâ—er against the same Sea Coast. And also all the Lands Soyle Grounds Hauens Ports Riuers Mynes Mynerals Woods Marishes Waters Fishings Commodities and Hereditaments whatsoeuer from the said place of their first Plantation and Habitation for the space of fiftie like English miles all alongst the said Coast of Virginia and America towards the East and North-east and towards the North as the Coast lyeth and all the Ilands within one hundred miles directly ouer against the same Coast and also all the Lands Soyle Grounds Hauens Ports Riuers Woods Mynes Mynerals Marishes Waters Fishings Commodities and Hereditaments whatsoeuer from the same fiftie miles eâ—ery way on the Sea Coast directly into the mayne Land by the space of one hundred like English miles and shall and may inhabit there and shall and may also build and fortifie within any the same for their better safeguard according to their best discretions and the direction of the Councell of that Colonie and that none of our Subiects shall be permitted or suffered to plant or inhabit behind or on the backe of them towards the mayne Land without the expresse license or consent of the Councell of that Colonie in writing thereunto first had and obteined Prouided alwayes c. It followeth that neither Colonie shall plant within one hundred miles of each other also that each Colonie shal haue a Councell of thirteene persons to rule and be ruled according to Articles set downe and confirmed vnder the Priuie Seale which I haue but for breuitie omit as also the rest of this Patent the Seales of each Colonie appointed the digging of Mynes granted in the same and on the backside of their Colonies within the mayne Land paying the fift of Gold and Siluer and the fifteenth of Copper to the King libertie to carrie all Subiects not restrained which will goe with them Of coyning for the Colonies vse there of repelling enemies of staying ships which trade there without leaue were too long to reherse seeing this Patent hath beene often altered and renewed CHAP. II. Obseruations gathered out of a Discourse of the Plantation of the Southerne Colonie in Virginia by the English 1606. Written by that Honorable Gentleman Master GEORGE PERCY ON Saturday the twentieth of December in the yeere 1606. the fleet fell from London and the fift of Ianuary we anchored in the Downes but the winds continued contrarie so long that we were forced to stay there some time where wee suffered great stormes but by the skilfulnesse of the Captaine wee suffered no great losse or danger The twelfth day of February at night we saw a blazing Starre and presently a storme The three and twentieth day we fell with the Iland of Mattanenio in the West Indies The foure and twentieth day we anchored at Dominico within fourteene degrees of the Line a very faire Iland the Trees full of sweet and good smels inhabited by many Sauage Indians they were at first very scrupulous to come aboord vs. Wee learned of them afterwards that the Spaniards had giuen them a great ouerthrow on this I le but when they knew what we were there came many to our ships with their Canoas bringing vs many kindes of sundry fruites as Pines Potatoes Plantons Tobacco and other fruits and Roane Cloth abundance which they had gotten out of certaine Spanish ships that were cast away vpon that Iland We gaue them Kniues Hatchets for exchange which they esteeme much wee also gaue them Beades Copper Iewels which they hang through their nosthrils eares and lips very strange to behold their bodies are all painted red to keepe away the biting of Muscetos they goe all naked without couering the haire of their head is a yard long all of a length pleated in three plats hanging downe to their wastes they suffer no haire to grow on their faces they cut their skinnes in diuers workes they are continually in warres and will eate their enemies when they kill them or any stranger if they take them They will lap vp mans spittle whilst one spits in their mouthes in a barbarous fashion like Dogges These people and the rest of the Ilands in the West Indies and Brasill are called by the names of Canibals that will eate mans flesh these people doe poyson their Arrow heads which are made of a fishes bone they worship the Deuill for their God and haue no other beliefe Whilest we remayned at this