trust_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o wardship_n former_o which_o always_o go_v to_o the_o executor_n of_o the_o grantee_n and_o which_o be_v of_o great_a consideration_n in_o the_o law_n than_o the_o feed_n or_o clothe_v of_o a_o idiot_n and_o of_o that_o opinion_n be_v the_o court_n that_o the_o king_n have_v a_o good_a title_n to_o dispose_v of_o both_o the_o ward_n and_o the_o idiot_n one_o till_o he_o be_v of_o age_n and_o the_o other_o during_o his_o ideocy_n judgement_n for_o the_o defendant_n de_fw-fr term._n sanctae_fw-la trin._n anno_fw-la 36_o car._n ii_o in_o banco_n regis_fw-la 1684._o reeves_n versus_fw-la winnington_n the_o testator_n be_v a_o citizen_n and_o a_o freeman_n of_o london_n fee_n a_o devise_n of_o all_o his_o estate_n pass_v a_o fee_n and_o be_v seize_v in_o fee_n of_o a_o mesuage_n etc._n etc._n and_o likewise_o possess_v of_o a_o considerable_a personal_a estate_n make_v his_o will_n in_o which_o there_o be_v this_o clause_n viz._n i_o hear_v that_o john_n reeves_n be_v inquire_v after_o my_o death_n but_o i_o be_o resolve_v to_o give_v he_o nothing_o but_o what_o his_o father_n have_v give_v he_o by_o will._n i_o give_v all_o my_o estate_n to_o my_o wife_n etc._n etc._n the_o question_n be_v whether_o by_o these_o word_n the_o devisee_n have_v a_o estate_n for_o life_n or_o in_o fee_n in_o the_o mesuage_n it_o be_v argue_v that_o she_o have_v only_o a_o estate_n for_o life_n because_o the_o word_n all_o my_o estate_n can_v be_v construe_v to_o pass_v a_o fee_n for_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v what_o estate_n be_v intend_v and_o word_n in_o a_o will_n which_o go_v to_o disinherit_v a_o heir_n must_v be_v plain_a and_o apparent_a a_o devise_n be_v in_o these_o word_n viz._n milbank_n sid._n 191._o bowman_n versus_fw-la milbank_n i_o give_v all_o to_o my_o mother_n all_o to_o my_o mother_n and_o it_o be_v adjudge_v that_o a_o fee_n do_v not_o pass_v which_o be_v as_o strong_a a_o case_n as_o this_o for_o by_o the_o word_n all_o it_o must_v be_v intend_v all_o that_o be_v in_o his_o power_n to_o give_v which_o be_v as_o comprehensive_a as_o if_o he_o have_v say_v all_o my_o estate_n it_o be_v true_a 447._o kerman_n and_o johnson_n style_n 281._o 1_o rol._n abr._n 834._o cro._n car._n 447._o it_o have_v be_v adjudge_v that_o where_o a_o man_n devise_v his_o whole_a estate_n to_o his_o wife_n pay_v his_o debt_n and_o legacy_n that_o the_o word_n estate_n there_o pass_v a_o fee_n because_o it_o be_v for_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o creditor_n there_o be_v not_o personal_a asset_n sufficient_a to_o pay_v all_o the_o debt_n but_o that_o be_v not_o find_v in_o this_o case_n therefore_o the_o word_n estate_n be_v doubtful_a and_o which_o will_v admit_v of_o a_o double_a construction_n shall_v not_o be_v intend_v to_o pass_v a_o fee_n mr._n contra_fw-la e_o contra_fw-la pollexfen_n contra_fw-la the_o first_o part_n of_o this_o sentence_n consist_v in_o negative_a word_n and_o those_o which_o be_v subsequent_a explain_v the_o intention_n of_o the_o testator_n viz._n that_o john_n reeves_n shall_v take_v nothing_o by_o the_o will._n the_o word_n estate_n do_v comprehend_v the_o whole_a in_o which_o the_o owner_n have_v either_o a_o interest_n or_o property_n like_o a_o release_n of_o all_o action_n which_o be_v a_o good_a discharge_n as_o well_o of_o real_a as_o personal_a action_n in_o common_a understanding_n it_o carry_v a_o interest_n in_o the_o land_n and_o then_o it_o be_v the_o same_o as_o if_o he_o have_v devise_v all_o his_o fee-simple_n estate_n in_o the_o case_n of_o bowman_n and_o milbank_n it_o be_v adjudge_v that_o a_o fee-simple_n do_v not_o pass_v by_o the_o particle_n all_o because_o it_o be_v a_o relative_n word_n and_o have_v no_o substantive_n join_v with_o it_o and_o therefore_o it_o may_v have_v be_v intend_v all_o his_o cattle_n all_o his_o good_n or_o all_o his_o personal_a estate_n for_o which_o incertainty_n it_o be_v hold_v void_a yet_o justice_n twisden_n in_o that_o case_n say_v that_o it_o be_v adjudge_v that_o if_o a_o man_n promise_n to_o give_v half_a his_o estate_n to_o his_o daughter_n in_o marriage_n that_o the_o land_n as_o well_o as_o the_o good_n be_v include_v the_o testator_n devise_v all_o his_o tenant-right_a estate_n hold_v of_o such_o a_o manor_n 100_o 3_o keb._n 245._o mod._n rep._n 100_o and_o this_o be_v find_v special_o the_o question_n be_v whether_o any_o more_o pass_v than_o a_o estate_n for_o life_n because_o he_o do_v not_o mention_v what_o estate_n he_o intend_v but_o it_o be_v hold_v that_o the_o devisee_n have_v a_o fee-simple_n because_o the_o word_n be_v as_o comprehensive_a as_o if_o he_o have_v devise_v all_o his_o inheritance_n and_o by_o these_o word_n a_o fee-simple_n will_v pass_v curia_fw-la it_o plain_o appear_v that_o the_o testator_n intend_v nothing_o for_o john_n reeves_n therefore_o he_o can_v take_v nothing_o by_o this_o will_n and_o that_o the_o devisee_fw-mi have_v a_o estate_n in_o fee-simple_n for_o the_o word_n all_o my_o estate_n be_v sufficient_a to_o pass_v the_o same_o rex_fw-la versus_fw-la sir_n thomas_n armstrong_n saturday_n june_n 14_o the_o defendant_n be_v outlaw_v for_o high-treason_n and_o be_v take_v at_o leyden_n in_o holland_n be_v bring_v into_o england_n and_o be_v now_o at_o the_o bar_n he_o desire_v that_o he_o may_v have_v leave_n of_o the_o court_n to_o reverse_v the_o outlawry_n and_o he_o try_v by_o virtue_n of_o the_o stature_n of_o ed._n 6._o which_o enact_v 11._o 5_o &_o 6_o e._n 6._o cap._n 11._o that_o if_o the_o party_n within_o one_o year_n after_o the_o outlawry_n or_o judgement_n thereupon_o shall_v yield_v himself_o to_o the_o chief_a justice_n of_o england_n and_o offer_v to_o traverse_v the_o indictment_n upon_o which_o he_o be_v outlaw_v he_o shall_v be_v admit_v to_o such_o traverse_v and_o be_v acquit_v shall_v be_v discharge_v of_o the_o outlawry_n he_o allege_v that_o it_o be_v not_o a_o year_n since_o he_o be_v outlaw_v and_o therefore_o desire_v the_o benefit_n of_o this_o law_n but_o it_o be_v deny_v because_o he_o have_v not_o render_v himself_o according_a to_o the_o statute_n but_o be_v apprehend_v and_o bring_v before_o the_o chief_a justice_n whereupon_o a_o rule_n be_v make_v for_o his_o execution_n at_o tyburn_n which_o be_v do_v according_o de_fw-fr term._n sancti_fw-la mich._n anno_fw-la 36_o car._n ii_o in_o banco_n regis_fw-la 1684._o hebblethwaite_n versus_fw-la palm_n mich._n 36_o car._n ii_o in_o b._n r._n rot._n 448._o a_o action_n on_o the_o case_n be_v bring_v in_o the_o common-plea_n doer_n possession_n be_v a_o sufficient_a cause_n to_o maintain_v a_o action_n against_o a_o wrong_a doer_n for_o divert_v of_o a_o watercourse_n the_o declaration_n be_v that_o the_o defendant_n primo_fw-la augusti_fw-la etc._n etc._n injust_a &_o malitiose_fw-la do_v break_v down_o a_o ancient_a dam_n upon_o the_o river_n dargo_v by_o which_o he_o do_v divert_v magnam_fw-la partem_fw-la aquae_fw-la ab_fw-la antiquo_fw-la &_o solitu_fw-la cursu_fw-la erga_fw-la molendinum_fw-la ipsius_fw-la quer_n etc._n etc._n ad_fw-la dampnum_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o defendant_n plead_v that_o before_o the_o say_a breach_n make_v he_o be_v seize_v in_o fee_n of_o a_o ancient_a mill_n and_o of_o six_o acre_n of_o land_n adjoin_v upon_o which_o the_o say_a dam_n be_v erect_v time_n out_o of_o mind_n to_o turn_v the_o water_n to_o his_o say_a mill_n which_o dam_n be_v always_o repair_v and_o maintain_v by_o the_o defendant_n and_o the_o tenant_n of_o the_o say_a land_n that_o his_o mill_n be_v casual_o burn_v and_o he_o not_o intend_v to_o rebuild_a it_o suffer_v the_o dam_n to_o be_v break_v down_o and_o convert_v the_o timber_n to_o his_o own_o use_n be_v upon_o his_o own_o soil_n prout_fw-la ei_fw-la bene_fw-la licuit_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o plaintiff_n reply_v that_o by_o the_o break_n of_o the_o dam_n the_o water_n be_v divert_v from_o his_o mill_n etc._n etc._n the_o defendant_n rejoin_v and_o justify_v his_o plea_n and_o traverse_v that_o the_o mill_n of_o the_o plaintiff_n be_v a_o ancient_a mill._n and_o upon_o a_o demurrer_n to_o this_o rejoynder_n judgement_n be_v give_v for_o the_o plaintiff_n and_o a_o writ_n of_o error_n now_o bring_v to_o reverse_v that_o judgement_n and_o for_o the_o defendant_n in_o the_o action_n it_o be_v argue_v 1._o that_o the_o declaration_n be_v not_o good_a because_o the_o plaintiff_n have_v not_o set_v forth_o that_o his_o mill_n be_v a_o ancient_a mill._n 2._o because_o he_o have_v not_o entitle_v himself_o to_o the_o watercourse_n 3._o that_o the_o plea_n be_v good_a in_o bar_n to_o this_o action_n because_o the_o defendant_n have_v sufficient_o justify_v have_v a_o right_a to_o the_o land_n upon_o which_o the_o dam_n be_v erect_v and_o always_o repair_v it_o as_o to_o the_o first_o point_n it_o
have_v be_v the_o constant_a course_n for_o many_o year_n in_o such_o action_n to_o set_v forth_o the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o thing_n either_o in_o express_a term_n or_o in_o word_n which_o amount_v to_o it_o in_o 8_o eliz._n such_o a_o action_n be_v bring_v b._n dyer_n 248._o b._n quod_fw-la defendens_fw-la divertit_fw-la multum_fw-la aquae_fw-la cursum_fw-la per_fw-la levationem_fw-la &_o constructionem_fw-la waerae_fw-la etc._n etc._n per_fw-la quod_fw-la multum_fw-la aquae_fw-la quae_fw-la ad_fw-la molendinum_fw-la of_o the_o plaintiff_n currere_fw-la consuevit_fw-la e_fw-la contra_fw-la recurrit_fw-la which_o word_n consuevit_fw-la do_v imply_v that_o it_o be_v a_o ancient_a mill_n for_o otherwise_o the_o water_n can_v not_o be_v accustom_v to_o run_v to_o it_o anno_fw-la 25_o eliz._n the_o like_a action_n be_v bring_v handford_n 1_o leon._n 273._o russel_n versus_fw-la handford_n wherein_o the_o plaintiff_n declare_v quod_fw-la cum_fw-la molendinum_fw-la quoddam_fw-la ab_fw-la antiquo_fw-la fuit_fw-la erectum_fw-la whereof_o he_o be_v seize_v and_o the_o defendant_n erect_v a_o new_a mill_n per_fw-la quod_fw-la cursus_fw-la aquae_fw-la breed_fw-mi coarctatus_fw-la fuit_fw-la and_o eighteen_o year_n afterward_o be_v lutterell_n be_v case_n in_o this_o court_n 86._o 4_o co._n 86._o wherein_o the_o plaintiff_n show_v that_o he_o be_v seize_v of_o two_o old_a and_o ruinous_a full_a mill_n and_o that_o time_n out_o of_o mind_n magna_fw-la pars_fw-la aquae_fw-la cujusdam_fw-la rivoli_fw-la do_v run_v from_o a_o certain_a place_n to_o the_o say_a mill_n and_o that_o during_o all_o that_o time_n there_o have_v be_v a_o certain_a bank_n to_o keep_v the_o current_n of_o the_o say_a water_n within_o its_o bound_n etc._n etc._n that_o the_o plaintiff_n do_v pull_v down_o those_o old_a mill_n and_o erect_v two_o new_a mill_n and_o the_o defendant_n dig_v down_o the_o bank_n etc._n etc._n the_o like_a action_n happen_v 14_o car._n i._o 290._o cro._n car._n 499._o palm_n 290._o it_o be_v for_o divert_v a_o ancient_a watercourse_n qui_fw-la currere_fw-la consuevisset_fw-la &_o debuisset_fw-la to_o the_o plaintiff_n mill._n in_o all_o which_o case_n 107._o 1_o roll._n abr._n 107._o though_o there_o be_v various_a way_n of_o declare_v yet_o they_o all_o show_n that_o the_o constant_a course_n be_v to_o allege_v that_o the_o mill_n be_v ancient_a for_o it_o be_v that_o which_o entitle_v the_o party_n to_o his_o action_n it_o be_v for_o this_o reason_n also_o that_o if_o two_o man_n have_v contiguous_a house_n and_o one_o stop_v the_o other_o light_n if_o they_o be_v not_o ancient_a a_o action_n will_v not_o lie_v for_o stop_v of_o they_o up_o there_o may_v be_v some_o seem_a difference_n between_o a_o right_n to_o a_o watercourse_n and_o to_o light_n in_o a_o window_n for_o no_o man_n can_v prescribe_v to_o light_n quatenus_fw-la such_o because_o it_o be_v of_o common_a right_n to_o all_o man_n and_o can_v be_v claim_v but_o as_o affix_v to_o a_o particular_a thing_n or_o purpose_n a_o watercourse_n may_v be_v claim_v to_o several_a purpose_n but_o water_n be_v of_o as_o universal_a use_n and_o benefit_n to_o mankind_n as_o light_n and_o therefore_o no_o particular_a man_n have_v a_o right_a to_o either_o but_o as_o belong_v to_o a_o ancient_a house_n or_o ruun_v to_o a_o ancient_a mill_n or_o for_o some_o other_o ancient_a use_n anno_fw-la 15_o car._n trefusis_fw-la cro._n car._n 575._o sands_n versus_fw-la trefusis_fw-la i._o the_o plaintiff_n sands_n declare_v that_o he_o be_v seize_v in_o fee_n of_o a_o mill_n and_o have_v a_o watercourse_n run_v through_o the_o defendant_n land_n to_o the_o say_a mill_n and_o that_o he_o stop_v it_o up_o there_o be_v a_o demurrer_n to_o this_o declaration_n and_o the_o same_o objection_n as_o now_o be_v then_o take_v to_o it_o viz._n that_o he_o have_v not_o show_v that_o it_o be_v a_o ancient_a mill._n and_o though_o the_o court_n seem_v to_o over-rule_v that_o objection_n yet_o no_o judgement_n be_v give_v the_o case_n of_o sly_n and_o mordant_n be_v there_o cite_v which_o be_v report_a by_o mr._n 104._o 1_o leon._n 247._o id_fw-la 1_o rol._n abr._n 104._o leonard_n and_o be_v this_o viz._n that_o the_o plaintiff_n be_v seize_v in_o fee_n of_o certain_a land_n etc._n etc._n and_o the_o defendant_n have_v stop_v a_o watercourse_n by_o which_o his_o land_n be_v drown_v it_o be_v adjudge_v that_o the_o action_n will_v lie_v for_o this_o injury_n but_o that_o be_v no_o authority_n to_o support_v this_o declaration_n 2._o the_o plaintiff_n have_v not_o entitle_v himself_o to_o this_o watercourse_n either_o by_o prescription_n or_o that_o the_o water_n debuit_fw-la vel_fw-la consuevit_fw-la currere_fw-la to_o his_o mill_n for_o so_o be_v the_o plead_v in_o lutterell_n be_v case_n and_o in_o all_o the_o other_o case_n before_o cite_v 3._o therefore_o the_o plea_n in_o bar_n be_v good_a the_o defendant_n have_v sufficient_o justify_v his_o right_n and_o the_o plaintiff_n have_v not_o prescribe_v to_o it_o here_o can_v be_v no_o trespass_n do_v and_o so_o conclude_v that_o judgement_n ought_v to_o be_v reverse_v this_o case_n depend_v upon_o the_o declaration_n quer._n exit_fw-la parte_fw-la quer._n for_o the_o plea_n in_o bar_n be_v only_o argumentative_a it_o be_v no_o direct_a answer_n to_o it_o and_o the_o replication_n and_o rejoynder_n be_v not_o material_a the_o plaintiff_n have_v a_o good_a cause_n of_o action_n for_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o where_o a_o injury_n be_v do_v to_o another_o and_o damage_n ensue_v it_o be_v sufficient_a to_o maintain_v a_o action_n of_o trespass_n or_o upon_o the_o case_n it_o be_v plain_a that_o a_o injury_n be_v do_v to_o the_o plaintiff_n and_o the_o damage_n be_v as_o manifest_v by_o divert_v of_o the_o watercourse_n and_o the_o loss_n of_o his_o mill_n and_o the_o fact_n be_v lay_v to_o be_v injust_a &_o malitiose_fw-la the_o defendant_n give_v no_o reason_n why_o he_o injure_v he_o but_o only_o that_o he_o have_v no_o use_n of_o the_o water_n because_o his_o mill_n be_v burn_v this_o be_v a_o action_n bring_v by_o the_o plaintiff_n upon_o his_o possession_n against_o a_o wrong_a doer_n 290._o roll._n 339_o 394._o palm_n 290._o in_o which_o it_o be_v not_o necessary_a to_o be_v so_o particular_a as_o where_o one_o prescribe_v for_o a_o right_n a_o man_n may_v have_v a_o watercourse_n 32._o *_o bracton_n lib._n 4._o cap._n 32._o by_o grant_n as_o well_o as_o by_o prescription_n and_o in_o such_o case_n be_v need_v not_o set_v forth_o any_o particular_a use_n of_o the_o water_n as_o that_o it_o ought_v to_o run_v to_o his_o mill_n neither_o be_v it_o absolute_o necessary_a to_o mention_v the_o mill_n for_o that_o be_v only_o to_o inform_v the_o court_n of_o the_o damage_n in_o the_o print_a entry_n there_o be_v many_o form_n of_o declaration_n without_o any_o prescription_n b._n rast_n ent._n 9_o b._n or_o set_v forth_o that_o the_o mill_n be_v ancient_a as_o where_o a_o action_n be_v bring_v against_o the_o defendant_n de_fw-fr placito_fw-la quare_fw-la vi_fw-la &_o armis_fw-la stagnum_fw-la molendini_fw-la ipsius_fw-la the_o plaintiff_n fregit_fw-la and_o this_o be_v only_o upon_o the_o possession_n antea_fw-la antea_fw-la the_o case_n in_o dyer_n be_v a_o good_a authority_n to_o support_v this_o action_n for_o it_o be_v as_o general_a as_o this_o viz._n for_o divert_v a_o watercourse_n per_fw-la constructionem_fw-la waerae_fw-la and_o do_v not_o show_v where_o it_o be_v erect_v or_o what_o title_n he_o have_v to_o it_o so_o where_o the_o action_n be_v for_o disturb_v the_o plaintiff_n verdict_n 2_o cro._n 43._o dent_n vers_fw-la oliver_n nota_fw-la this_o be_v after_o verdict_n in_o collect_v of_o toll_n and_o do_v not_o show_v what_o title_n he_o have_v to_o it_o either_o by_o prescription_n or_o grant_v but_o declare_v only_o that_o he_o be_v seize_v in_o fee_n of_o a_o manor_n and_o fair_a and_o hold_v good_a and_o it_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o my_o lord_n hobert_n that_o a_o declaration_n for_o break_v down_o of_o a_o bank_n general_o includentem_fw-la aquam_fw-la ward_n hob._n 193._o biccot_fw-la versus_fw-la ward_n run_v to_o the_o plaintiff_n mill_n be_v good_a the_o authority_n cite_v on_o the_o other_o side_n do_v rather_o maintain_v this_o way_n of_o plead_v than_o the_o contrary_n for_o those_o case_n be_v wherein_o the_o plaintiff_n declare_v that_o the_o water_n currere_fw-la consuevit_fw-la &_o debuisset_fw-la to_o the_o plaintiff_n mill_n time_n out_o of_o mind_n 499._o cro._n car._n 499._o which_o word_n be_v of_o the_o same_o signification_n as_o if_o he_o have_v show_v it_o to_o be_v a_o ancient_a mill_n and_o that_o agree_v in_o substance_n with_o this_o case_n for_o the_o water_n can_v be_v divert_v ab_fw-la antiquo_fw-la &_o solito_fw-la cursu_fw-la if_o the_o mill_n be_v not_o ancient_a the_o word_n solet_fw-la imply_v antiquity_n 153._o reg._n 153._o the_o writ_n de_fw-fr secta_fw-la admolendinum_fw-la be_v
day_n of_o appearance_n he_o be_v to_o see_v that_o he_o appear_v at_o the_o day_n either_o by_o keep_v of_o he_o in_o custody_n or_o let_v of_o he_o to_o bail_v the_o end_n of_o the_o arrest_n be_v to_o have_v his_o body_n here_o if_o he_o have_v not_o be_v bail_v than_o he_o have_v still_o remain_v in_o custody_n and_o the_o plaintiff_n will_v have_v his_o proper_a remedy_n but_o be_v once_o let_v to_o bail_v and_o not_o appear_v in_o court_n according_a to_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o bond_n that_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o fault_n of_o the_o defendant_n who_o have_v his_o body_n before_o the_o day_n of_o appearance_n judgement_n for_o the_o defendant_n de_fw-fr term._n sancti_fw-la hill_n anno_fw-la 1_o jac._n ii_o in_o banco_n regis_fw-la 1685._o sergeant_n hampson_n case_n by_o the_o statute_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n it_o be_v enact_v 23._o 5_o eliz._n c._n 23._o that_o if_o the_o person_n excommunicate_v have_v not_o a_o sufficient_a addition_n or_o if_o it_o be_v not_o 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to_o the_o bar_n pray_v that_o it_o may_v be_v read_v and_o allow_v it_o be_v read_v by_o mr._n astry_n clerk_n of_o the_o crown_n the_o error_n assign_v be_v viz._n that_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v upon_o the_o return_n of_o the_o exigent_n in_o the_o first_o exact_v '_o that_n the_o court_n be_v hold_v pro_fw-la comitatu_fw-la that_o the_o outlawry_n be_v against_o he_o and_o two_o other_o person_n it_o be_v say_v in_o the_o last_o exact_v '_o that_o non_fw-la comperuit_fw-la but_o do_v not_o say_v nec_fw-la eorum_fw-la aliquis_fw-la comperuit_fw-la for_o these_o reason_n the_o outlawry_n be_v reverse_v and_o he_o hold_v up_o his_o hand_n at_o the_o bar_n and_o plead_v not-guilty_a to_o his_o indictment_n and_o be_v admit_v to_o bail_v and_o afterward_o he_o be_v bring_v to_o his_o trial_n and_o no_o witness_n in_o behalf_n of_o the_o king_n appear_v against_o he_o he_o be_v acquit_v the_o mayor_n and_o commonalty_n of_o norwich_n versus_fw-la johnson_n a_o writ_n of_o error_n be_v bring_v to_o reverse_v a_o judgement_n give_v for_o the_o plaintiff_n in_o the_o common-plea_n in_o a_o action_n of_o waste_n term._n waste_n lie_v against_o a_o executor_n de_fw-fr son_fw-fr tort_fw-fr of_o a_o term._n the_o declaration_n be_v that_o the_o plaintiff_n demise_v a_o barn_n to_o one_o take_v for_o a_o certain_a term_n by_o virtue_n whereof_o he_o be_v possess_v and_o be_v so_o possess_v die_v that_o the_o defendant_n be_v his_o executor_n who_o enter_v and_o make_v waste_n by_o pull_v down_o of_o the_o say_v barn_n the_o defendant_n plead_v that_o take_v die_v intestate_a and_o that_o he_o do_v not_o administer_v the_o plaintiff_n reply_v that_o he_o enter_v as_o executor_n of_o his_o own_o wrong_n and_o to_o this_o plea_n the_o defendant_n demur_v and_o the_o plaintiff_n join_v in_o the_o demurrer_n this_o case_n be_v argue_v by_o mr._n appleton_n of_o lincolns-inn_n for_o the_o plaintiff_n who_o say_v that_o a_o action_n of_o waste_n will_v not_o lie_v against_o the_o defendant_n because_o the_o mayor_n and_o commonalty_n etc._n etc._n have_v a_o remedy_n by_o a_o assize_n to_o recover_v the_o land_n upon_o which_o the_o barn_n stand_v and_o a_o trover_n to_o recover_v the_o good_n or_o material_n and_o that_o such_o a_o action_n will_v not_o lie_v against_o he_o at_o the_o common_a law_n because_o he_o neither_o be_v tenant_n by_o the_o courtesy_n nor_o in_o dower_n against_o who_o waste_v only_o lay_v so_o that_o if_o the_o plaintiff_n be_v entitle_v to_o this_o action_n it_o must_v be_v by_o virtue_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o gloucester_n 5._o 6_o ed._n 1._o c._n 5._o but_o it_o will_v not_o lie_v against_o the_o defendant_n even_o by_o that_o statute_n because_o the_o action_n be_v thereby_o give_v against_o the_o tenant_n by_o the_o courtesy_n in_o dower_n for_o life_n or_o year_n and_o treble_a damage_n etc._n etc._n but_o the_o defendant_n be_v neither_o of_o those_o and_o this_o be_v a_o penal_a law_n which_o not_o only_o give_v treble_a damage_n but_o likewise_o the_o recovery_n of_o the_o place_n waste_v ought_v therefore_o not_o to_o be_v take_v strict_o but_o according_a to_o equity_n tenant_n at_o sufferance_n or_o at_o will_n by_o elegit_fw-la or_o tenant_n by_o statute_n staple_n 5._o 11_o h._n 6._o c._n 5._o and_o also_o pernor_n of_o profit_n be_v never_o construe_v to_o be_v within_o this_o statute_n and_o therefore_o a_o particular_a act_n be_v make_v to_o give_v he_o in_o reversion_n a_o action_n of_o waste_n where_o tenant_n for_o life_n or_o year_n have_v grant_v over_o their_o estate_n and_o yet_o take_v the_o profit_n and_o commit_v waste_n then_o the_o question_n will_v be_v 371._o co._n lit._n 371._o what_o estate_n this_o executor_n de_fw-fr sontort_n have_v gain_v by_o his_o entry_n and_o as_o to_o that_o he_o argue_v that_o he_o have_v get_v a_o fee-simple_n by_o disseisin_n and_o that_o for_o this_o reason_n the_o plaintiff_n be_v bar_v from_o this_o action_n for_o if_o the_o son_n purchase_v land_n in_o fee_n and_o be_v disseise_v by_o his_o father_n who_o make_v a_o feoffment_n in_o fee_n to_o another_o with_o warranty_n and_o die_v the_o son_n be_v for_o ever_o bar_v for_o though_o the_o disseisin_n be_v not_o do_v with_o any_o intention_n to_o make_v such_o a_o feoffment_n 662._o 1_o roll._n abr._n 662._o yet_o he_o be_v bind_v by_o this_o alienation_n so_o where_o a_o man_n make_v a_o lease_n for_o life_n and_o die_v and_o then_o his_o heir_n suffer_v a_o recovery_n of_o the_o same_o land_n without_o make_v a_o actual_a entry_n this_o be_v a_o absolute_a disseisin_n because_o the_o lessee_n have_v a_o estate_n for_o life_n but_o if_o he_o have_v be_v tenant_n at_o will_n it_o may_v be_v otherwise_o but_o admit_v that_o the_o defendant_n be_v not_o a_o disseisor_n than_o the_o plaintiff_n must_v bring_v their_o case_n to_o be_v within_o the_o statute_n of_o gloucester_n as_o that_o he_o be_v either_o tenant_n for_o life_n or_o year_n if_o he_o be_v tenant_n for_o life_n he_o must_v be_v so_o either_o by_o right_n or_o by_o wrong_n he_o can_v be_v so_o by_o right_n because_o he_o have_v no_o lawful_a conveyance_n make_v to_o he_o of_o this_o estate_n beside_o it_o be_v quite_o contrary_a to_o the_o plead_v which_o be_v that_o he_o enter_v wrongful_o neither_o can_v he_o be_v so_o by_o wrong_n for_o such_o particular_a estate_n 25._o 6_o co._n 25._o as_o for_o life_n or_o year_n can_v be_v gain_v by_o disseisin_n and_o so_o be_v heliar_n case_n in_o 6_o co._n then_o if_o this_o shall_v be_v construe_v a_o estate_n for_o year_n it_o must_v be_v gain_v either_o by_o the_o act_n of_o the_o party_n or_o by_o the_o act_n of_o the_o law_n but_o such_o a_o estate_n can_v be_v gain_v by_o either_o of_o those_o mean_n first_o it_o can_v be_v gain_v by_o the_o act_n of_o the_o party_n burges_n moor_n 126._o kendrick_n versus_fw-la burges_n because_o a_o executor_n de_fw-fr son_fw-fr tort_fw-fr can_v have_v any_o interest_n in_o a_o term_n and_o for_o this_o there_o be_v a_o express_a authority_n in_o this_o court_n which_o be_v thus_o viz._n a_o lease_n in_o reversion_n for_o year_n be_v grant_v to_o a_o man_n who_o die_v intestate_a his_o wife_n before_o she_o have_v administer_v sell_v this_o term_n to_o the_o defendant_n and_o afterward_o she_o obtain_v letter_n of_o administration_n and_o make_v a_o conveyance_n of_o the_o same_o term_n to_o the_o plaintiff_n and_o judgement_n be_v give_v for_o the_o last_n vendee_fw-mi because_o it_o be_v in_o the_o case_n of_o a_o reversion_n of_o a_o term_n for_o year_n upon_o which_o no_o entry_n can_v be_v make_v and_o of_o which_o there_o can_v be_v no_o executor_n de_fw-fr son_fw-fr tort_fw-fr though_o it_o be_v admit_v by_o the_o court_n that_o such_o a_o executor_n may_v make_v a_o good_a sale_n of_o
the_o one_o take_v 70_o l._n and_o the_o other_o 30_o l._n damage_n shall_v be_v assess_v several_o it_o be_v admit_v that_o regular_o the_o damage_n ought_v to_o be_v entire_a especial_o where_o the_o action_n be_v joint_a but_o where_o the_o fact_n be_v several_a damage_n may_v likewise_o be_v so_o assess_v but_o in_o this_o case_n the_o jury_n have_v do_v what_o the_o court_n will_v do_v have_v it_o be_v in_o a_o criminal_a cause_n curia_fw-la this_o be_v all_o but_o one_o fact_n which_o the_o jury_n be_v to_o try_v it_o be_v true_a when_o several_a person_n be_v find_v guilty_a criminal_o than_o the_o damage_n may_v be_v sever_v in_o proportion_n to_o their_o gild_n but_o here_o all_o be_v equal_o guilty_a of_o the_o same_o offence_n and_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o contradiction_n to_o say_v that_o the_o plaintiff_n be_v injure_v by_o one_o to_o the_o value_n of_o 50_o l._n and_o by_o the_o other_o to_o the_o value_n of_o 1000_o l._n when_o both_o be_v equal_o guilty_a every_o defendant_n ought_v to_o answer_v full_a as_o much_o as_o the_o plaintiff_n be_v damnify_v now_o how_o be_v it_o possible_a he_o shall_v be_v damnify_v so_o much_o by_o one_o and_o so_o little_a by_o the_o other_o but_o notwithstanding_o this_o opinion_n judgement_n be_v afterward_o give_v for_o the_o plaintiff_n peak_n versus_fw-la meker_n in_o a_o action_n on_o the_o case_n for_o word_n the_o plaintiff_n declare_v that_o he_o be_v a_o merchant_n and_o breed_v up_o in_o the_o church_n of_o england_n and_o that_o when_o the_o present_a king_n come_v to_o the_o crown_n the_o say_a plaintiff_n make_v a_o bonfire_n at_o his_o door_n in_o the_o city_n of_o london_n and_o that_o the_o defendant_n then_o speak_v of_o he_o these_o word_n for_o which_o he_o now_o bring_v this_o action_n viz._n he_o innuendo_fw-la the_o plaintiff_n be_v a_o rogue_n a_o papist_n dog_n and_o a_o pitiful_a fellow_n and_o never_o a_o rogue_n in_o town_n have_v a_o bonfire_n before_o his_o door_n but_o he_o the_o plaintiff_n have_v a_o verdict_n and_o 500_o l._n damage_n be_v give_v a_o writ_n of_o error_n be_v bring_v but_o it_o be_v adjudge_v without_o argument_n that_o the_o word_n be_v actionable_a joyner_n versus_fw-la pritchard_n a_o action_n be_v bring_v upon_o the_o statute_n of_o r._n ii_o admiralty_n admiralty_n for_o prosecute_a of_o a_o cause_n in_o the_o admiralty_n court_n which_o do_v arise_v upon_o the_o land_n it_o be_v try_v before_o the_o chief_a justice_n in_o london_n and_o a_o verdict_n for_o the_o plaintiff_n mr._n thompson_n move_v in_o arrest_n of_o judgement_n for_o that_o the_o action_n be_v bring_v by_o original_a in_o which_o it_o be_v set_v forth_o that_o the_o defendant_n prosecut_fw-la fuit_fw-la &_o adhuc_fw-la prosequitur_fw-la etc._n etc._n in_o curia_fw-la admiralitat_fw-la now_o the_o prosequitur_fw-la be_v subsequent_a to_o the_o original_a and_o so_o they_o have_v recover_v damage_n for_o that_o which_o be_v do_v after_o the_o action_n bring_v curia_fw-la these_o word_n adhuc_fw-la prosequitur_fw-la must_v refer_v to_o the_o time_n of_o sue_v forth_o this_o original_a like_o the_o case_n of_o a_o covenant_n for_o quiet_a enjoyment_n and_o a_o breach_n assign_v that_o the_o defendant_n build_v a_o shed_n whereby_o he_o hinder_v the_o plaintiff_n that_o he_o can_v not_o enjoy_v it_o hucnsque_fw-la which_o word_n must_v refer_v to_o the_o time_n of_o the_o action_n bring_v and_o not_o afterward_o judgement_n be_v give_v for_o the_o plaintiff_n dominus_fw-la rex_fw-la versus_fw-la ........_o a_o information_n be_v bring_v against_o the_o defendant_n for_o forgery_n forgery_n forgery_n set_v forth_o that_o the_o defendant_n be_v a_o man_n of_o ill_a fame_n etc._n etc._n and_o contrive_v to_o cheat_v one_o a._n do_v forge_v quoddam_fw-la scriptum_fw-la date_v the_o 16_o day_n of_o october_n in_o the_o year_n 1681._o continens_fw-la in_o se_fw-la scriptum_fw-la obligatorium_fw-la per_fw-la quod_fw-la quidem_fw-la scriptum_fw-la obligatorium_fw-la praed_fw-we a._n obligatus_fw-la fuit_fw-la praed_fw-we defend_v in_o quadraginta_fw-la libris_fw-la etc._n etc._n he_o be_v find_v guilty_a and_o afterward_o this_o exception_n be_v take_v in_o arrest_n of_o judgement_n viz._n that_o the_o fact_n allege_v in_o the_o information_n be_v a_o contradiction_n of_o itself_o for_o how_o can_v a._n be_v bind_v when_o the_o bond_n be_v forge_v 2._o it_o be_v not_o set_v forth_o what_o that_o scriptum_fw-la obligatorium_fw-la be_v whether_o it_o be_v scriptum_fw-la sigillatum_fw-la or_o not_o curia_fw-la the_o defendant_n be_v find_v guilty_a of_o the_o forge_n of_o a_o write_n in_o which_o be_v contain_v quoddam_fw-la scriptum_fw-la obligatorium_fw-la and_o that_o may_v be_v a_o true_a bond._n judgement_n be_v arrest_v memorandum_n on_o tuesday_n april_n the_o 27_o sir_n thomas_n powes_n of_o lincolns-inn_n be_v make_v solicitor_n general_n in_o the_o place_n of_o mr._n finch_n and_o be_v call_v within_o the_o bar._n hanchet_n versus_fw-la thelwal_n in_o ejectment_n a_o special_a verdict_n be_v find_v tail_n devise_n what_o word_n in_o a_o will_v make_v a_o estate_n for_o life_n and_o what_o in_o tail_n in_o which_o the_o case_n do_v arise_v upon_o the_o construction_n of_o the_o word_n in_o a_o will._n viz._n the_o testator_n be_v seize_v in_o fee_n have_v issue_n two_o son_n and_o four_o daughter_n he_o make_v his_o will_n and_o devise_v his_o estate_n be_v in_o house_n by_o these_o word_n viz._n irem_fw-la i_o give_v and_o bequeath_v to_o my_o son_n nicholas_n price_n my_o house_n in_o westminster_n and_o if_o itplease_v god_n to_o take_v away_o my_o son_n than_o i_o give_v my_o estate_n to_o my_o four_o daughter_n name_v they_o share_n and_o share_v alike_o and_o if_o it_o please_v god_n to_o take_v away_o any_o of_o my_o say_a daughter_n before_o marriage_n than_o i_o give_v she_o or_o their_o part_n to_o the_o rest_n survive_v and_o if_o all_o my_o son_n and_o daughter_n die_v without_o issue_n than_o i_o give_v my_o say_a house_n to_o my_o sister_n anne_n warner_n and_o her_o heir_n nicholas_n price_n enter_v and_o die_v without_o issue_n than_o the_o four_o sister_n enter_v and_o margaret_n the_o elder_a marry_a thellwel_n and_o die_v leave_v issue_n a_o son_n who_o be_v the_o lessor_n of_o the_o plaintiff_n who_o insist_v upon_o his_o title_n to_o a_o four_o part_n of_o the_o house_n the_o question_n be_v what_o estate_n the_o daughter_n take_v by_o this_o will_n whether_o joint_a estate_n for_o life_n or_o several_a remainder_n in_o tail_n if_o only_o joint_a estate_n for_o life_n than_o the_o plaintiff_n as_o heir_n to_o his_o mother_n will_v not_o be_v entitle_v to_o a_o four_o part_n if_o several_a remainder_n in_o tail_n than_o the_o father_n will_v have_v it_o during_o his_o life_n as_o tenant_n by_o the_o courtesy_n this_o case_n be_v argue_v this_o term_n by_o mr._n pollexfen_n for_o the_o plaintiff_n and_o in_o hillary_n term_n follow_v by_o council_n for_o the_o defendant_n the_o plaintiff_n council_n insist_v that_o they_o take_v joint_a estate_n for_o life_n and_o this_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o intent_n of_o the_o testator_n by_o the_o word_n in_o his_o will_n the_o first_o clause_n whereof_o be_v viz._n i_o give_v and_o bequeath_v my_o house_n in_o w._n to_o nicholas_n price_n now_o by_o these_o word_n a_o estate_n for_o life_n only_o pass_v to_o he_o and_o not_o a_o inheritance_n for_o there_o be_v nothing_o to_o be_v do_v or_o any_o thing_n to_o be_v pay_v out_o of_o it_o 2._o the_o next_o clause_n be_v viz._n if_o it_o please_v god_n to_o take_v away_o my_o son_n than_o i_o give_v my_o estate_n to_o my_o four_o daughter_n share_n and_o share_v alike_o now_o these_o word_n can_v give_v the_o daughter_n a_o fee-simple_n by_o any_o intendment_n whatsoever_o but_o if_o any_o word_n in_o this_o clause_n seem_v to_o admit_v of_o such_o a_o construction_n it_o must_v be_v the_o word_n estate_n which_o sometime_o signify_v the_o land_n itself_o and_o sometime_o the_o estate_n in_o the_o land_n but_o here_o the_o word_n estate_n can_v create_v a_o fee-simple_n because_o the_o testator_n give_v his_o daughter_n that_o estate_n which_o he_o have_v give_v to_o his_o son_n before_o and_o that_o be_v only_o for_o lise_n then_o follow_v the_o word_n share_n and_o share_v alike_o and_o that_o only_o make_v they_o tenant_n in_o common_a 3._o the_o next_o clause_n be_v viz._n if_o it_o please_v god_n to_o take_v away_o any_o of_o my_o say_a daughter_n before_o marriage_n than_o i_o give_v she_o or_o their_o part_n to_o the_o rest_n survive_v these_o word_n as_o they_o be_v pen_v can_v have_v no_o influence_n upon_o the_o case_n 4._o then_o follow_v the_o last_o clause_n viz._n and_o if_o all_o my_o son_n and_o daughter_n die_v without_o issue_n than_o i_o give_v etc._n etc._n these_o word_n create_v no_o estate_n tail_n in_o the_o
etc._n yet_o one_o commoner_n may_v bring_v a_o action_n against_o his_o fellow_n beside_o in_o this_o case_n they_o be_v not_o tenant_n in_o common_a for_o every_o man_n be_v seize_v several_o of_o his_o freehold_n adjornatur_fw-la air_n versus_fw-la huntingdon_n ascire_fw-la facias_fw-la be_v bring_v upon_o a_o recognizance_n of_o 1000_o l._n demurrer_n amendment_n of_o the_o word_n recuperatio_fw-la for_o recognitio_fw-la after_o a_o demurrer_n to_o show_v cause_n quare_fw-la the_o plaintiff_n shall_v not_o have_v execution_n de_fw-fr praedictis_fw-la mille_fw-la libris_fw-la recognitis_fw-la juxta_fw-la formam_fw-la recuperationis_fw-la where_o it_o shall_v have_v be_v recognitionis_fw-la praed_fw-we and_o upon_o a_o demurrer_n it_o be_v hold_v that_o the_o word_n juxta_fw-la formam_fw-la recuperationis_fw-la be_v surplusage_n the_o record_n be_v amend_v and_o a_o rule_n that_o the_o defendant_n shall_v plead_v over_o mather_z and_z other_o versus_fw-la mill_n the_o defendant_n enter_v into_o a_o bond_n to_o acquir_n plea_n non_fw-la damnificatus_fw-la general_o where_o it_o be_v a_o good_a plea_n discharge_v and_o save_v harmless_a a_o parish_n from_o a_o bastard_n child_n debt_n be_v bring_v upon_o this_o bond_n and_o upon_o non_fw-la damnificatus_fw-la general_o plead_v the_o plaintiff_n demur_v and_o tremain_n hold_v the_o demurrer_n to_o be_v good_a for_o if_o the_o condition_n have_v be_v only_o to_o save_v harmless_a etc._n etc._n then_o the_o plea_n have_v be_v good_a but_o it_o be_v likewise_o to_o acquit_v and_o discharge_v etc._n etc._n and_o in_o such_o case_n non_fw-fr damnificatus_fw-la general_o be_v no_o good_a plea_n 71._o 1_o leon._n 71._o because_o he_o shall_v have_v show_v how_o he_o do_v acquit_v and_o discharge_v the_o parish_n and_o not_o answer_v the_o damnification_n only_o e_o contra_fw-la 84._o e_o contra_fw-la 2_o co._n 3._o 2_o cro._n 363_o 364_o 2_o sand._n 83_o 84._o it_o be_v argue_v that_o if_o the_o defendnat_n have_v plead_v that_o he_o keep_v harmless_a and_o discharge_v the_o parish_n such_o plea_n have_v not_o be_v good_a unless_o he_o have_v show_v how_o etc._n etc._n because_o it_o be_v in_o the_o affirmative_a but_o here_o it_o be_v in_o the_o negative_a viz._n that_o the_o parish_n be_v not_o damnify_v and_o they_o shall_v have_v show_v a_o breach_n for_o though_o in_o strictness_n this_o plea_n do_v not_o answer_v the_o condition_n of_o the_o bond_n yet_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v upon_o the_o whole_a record_n that_o the_o plaintiff_n be_v damnify_v and_o if_o so_o than_o he_o have_v no_o cause_n of_o action_n judgement_n for_o the_o defendant_n de_fw-fr term._n sanctae_fw-la trin._n anno_fw-la 1_o gulielmi_n &_o mariae_fw-la regis_fw-la &_o reginae_fw-la in_o banco_n regis_fw-la 1689._o memorandum_n that_o on_o the_o four_o day_n of_o november_n last_o pass_v the_o prince_n of_o orange_n land_v here_o with_o a_o army_n and_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o abdication_n of_o the_o government_n by_o king_n james_n and_o the_o posture_n of_o affair_n there_o be_v no_o hillary-term_n keep_v coram_fw-la johanne_n holt_n mil_n '_o capital_n '_o justice_n gulielmo_n dolben_n mil_n '_o justiciar_n gulielmo_n gregory_n mil_n '_o justiciar_n egidio_n eyre_n mil_n '_o justiciar_n kellow_n versus_fw-la rowden_n trin._n 1_o willielmi_n &_o mariae_fw-la rotulo_n 796._o in_o debt_n by_o walter_n kellow_n remainder_n where_o the_o reversion_n in_o fee_n be_v expectant_a upon_o a_o estate_n tail_n and_o that_o be_v spend_v it_o descend_v upon_o a_o collateral_a heir_n he_o must_v be_v sue_v as_o heir_n to_o he_o who_o be_v last_o actual_o seize_v of_o the_o fee_n without_o name_v the_o intermediate_v remainder_n executor_n of_o edward_n kellow_n against_o richard_n rowden_n the_o case_n be_v this_o viz._n john_n rowden_n have_v issue_n two_o son_n john_n and_o richard_n john_n the_o father_n be_v seize_v in_o fee_n of_o land_n etc._n etc._n make_v a_o settlement_n to_o the_o use_n of_o himself_o for_o life_n the_o remainder_n to_o john_n his_o elder_a son_n in_o tail_n male_a the_o remainder_n to_o his_o own_o right_a heir_n the_o father_n die_v the_o reversion_n descend_v to_o john_n the_o son_n who_o also_o die_v leave_v issue_n john_n his_o son_n who_o die_v without_o issue_n so_o that_o the_o estate_n tail_n be_v spend_v richard_z the_o second_o son_n of_o john_n the_o elder_a enter_v and_o a_o action_n of_o debt_n be_v bring_v against_o he_o as_o son_n and_o heir_n of_o john_n the_o father_n upon_o a_o bond_n of_o 120_o l._n enter_v into_o by_o his_o father_n and_o this_o action_n be_v bring_v against_o he_o without_o name_v the_o intermediate_v heir_n viz._n his_o brother_n and_o nephew_n the_o defendant_n plead_v quod_fw-la ipse_fw-la de_fw-la debito_fw-la praed_fw-we ut_fw-la filius_fw-la &_o haeres_fw-la praed_fw-we johannis_n rowden_n patris_fw-la svi_fw-la virtute_fw-la scripti_fw-la obligatorii_fw-la praed_fw-we onerari_fw-la non_fw-la debet_fw-la quia_fw-la protestando_fw-la quod_fw-la scriptum_fw-la obligatorium_fw-la praed_fw-we non_fw-la est_fw-la factum_fw-la praed_fw-we johannis_n rowden_n pro_fw-la placito_fw-la idem_fw-la richardus_fw-la dicit_fw-la quod_fw-la ipse_fw-la non_fw-la habet_fw-la aliquas_fw-la terras_fw-la seu_fw-la tenementa_fw-la per_fw-la discensum_fw-la haereditarium_fw-la de_fw-la praed_fw-we johanne_n rowden_n patre_fw-la svo_fw-la in_o feodo_fw-la simplici_fw-la nec_fw-la habuit_fw-la die_fw-la exhibitionis_fw-la billae_fw-la praed_fw-we walteri_n praed_fw-we nec_fw-la unquam_fw-la postea_fw-la &_o hoc_fw-la parat_fw-la est_fw-la '_o verificare_fw-la unde_fw-la pet_n judicium_fw-la si_fw-la ipse_fw-la ut_fw-la filius_fw-la &_o haeres_fw-la praed_fw-we johannis_n rowden_n patris_fw-la svi_fw-la virtute_fw-la scripti_fw-la praed_fw-we onerari_fw-la debeat_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o plaintiff_n reply_v that_o the_o defendant_n thy_fw-mi exhibitionis_fw-la billae_fw-la praed_fw-we habuit_fw-la diversas_fw-la terras_fw-la &_o tenementa_fw-la per_fw-la discensum_fw-la haereditarium_fw-la a_o praed_fw-we johanne_n rowden_n patre_fw-la svo_fw-la in_o feodo_fw-la simplici_fw-la etc._n etc._n upon_o this_o plead_n they_o be_v at_o issue_n at_o the_o assize_n in_o wiltshire_n and_o the_o jury_n find_v a_o special_a verdict_n viz._n that_o john_n rowden_n the_o father_n of_o richard_n now_o the_o defendant_n be_v seize_v in_o fee_n of_o a_o message_n and_o 20_o acre_n of_o land_n in_o bramshaw_n in_o the_o say_a county_n and_o be_v so_o seize_v have_v issue_n john_n rowden_n his_o elder_a son_n and_o the_o defendant_n richard_n that_o on_o the_o 22th_o of_o januarii_n 18_o car._n i._o john_n the_o elder_a do_v settle_v the_o premise_n upon_o himself_o for_o life_n remainder_n ut_fw-la supra_fw-la etc._n etc._n that_o after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o father_n john_n his_o elder_a son_n enter_v and_o be_v possess_v in_o fee-tail_n and_o be_v likewise_o entitle_v to_o the_o reversion_n in_o fee_n and_o die_v in_o the_o 14_o year_n of_o king_n charles_n the_o ii_o that_o the_o land_n do_v descend_v to_o another_o john_n his_o only_a son_n who_o die_v 35th_o car._n ii_o without_o issue_n whereupon_o the_o land_n descend_v to_o the_o defendant_n as_o heir_n of_o the_o last_o mentionted_a john_n who_o enter_v before_o this_o action_n bring_v and_o be_v seize_v in_o fee_n etc._n etc._n but_o whether_o upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n the_o defendant_n have_v any_o land_n by_o by_o descent_n from_o john_n rowden_n in_o fee-simple_n the_o jury_n do_v not_o know_v etc._n etc._n the_o council_n on_o both_o side_n do_v agree_v that_o this_o land_n be_v chargeable_a with_o the_o debt_n but_o the_o question_n be_v whether_o the_o issue_n be_v find_v for_o the_o defendant_n in_o regard_n the_o plaintiff_n do_v not_o name_v the_o intermediate_v heir_n it_o be_v argue_v that_o the_o defendant_n ought_v to_o be_v sue_v as_o immediate_a heir_n to_o his_o father_n and_o not_o to_o his_o nephew_n for_o whoever_o claim_v by_o descent_n must_v claim_v from_o he_o who_o be_v last_o actual_o seize_v of_o the_o freehold_a and_o inheritance_n this_o be_v the_o express_a doctrine_n of_o my_o lord_n coke_n in_o his_o first_o institutes_n and_o if_o so_o 11._o co._n lit._n 11._o the_o defendant_n must_v be_v charge_v as_o he_o claim_v seisin_n be_v a_o material_a thing_n in_o our_o law_n for_o if_o i_o be_o to_o make_v a_o title_n in_o a_o real_a action_n i_o must_v lay_v a_o actual_a seisin_n in_o every_o man_n f._n 8_o e._n 3.13_o bro._n assize_n 6._o f.n._n b._n 212._o f._n it_o be_v so_o in_o formedon_n in_o descend_a and_o remainder_n in_o both_o which_o you_o be_v to_o run_v through_o the_o whole_a pedigree_n but_o none_o can_v be_v filius_fw-la &_o haeres_fw-la but_o to_z he_o who_o be_v last_o actual_o seize_v of_o the_o fee-simple_n and_o therefore_o the_o brother_n be_v tenant_n in_o tail_n and_o his_o son_n the_o issue_n in_o tail_n in_o this_o case_n they_o be_v never_o seize_v of_o the_o fee_n b._n 1_o inst_z 14._o b._n for_o that_o be_v expectant_a upon_o the_o estate_n tail_n which_o be_v spend_v than_o john_n the_o father_n be_v last_o seize_v thereof_o and_o
but_o if_o any_o wrong_n be_v do_v in_o this_o case_n the_o party_n must_v appeal_v so_o no_o writ_n of_o restitution_n be_v grant_v rex_fw-la versus_fw-la guardianum_fw-la de_fw-fr le_fw-fr fleet._n a_o inquisition_n be_v find_v to_o seize_v the_o office_n of_o warden_n of_o the_o fleet_n into_o the_o king_n hand_n quash_v inquisition_n quash_v the_o court_n of_o chancery_n assist_v with_o three_o judge_n be_v move_v that_o it_o may_v be_v quash_v the_o exception_n take_v be_v viz._n 1._o it_o be_v find_v that_o the_o defendant_n be_v warden_n of_o the_o fleet_n but_o do_v not_o say_v what_o estate_n he_o have_v therein_o whether_o for_o life_n or_o year_n or_o in_o fee_n etc._n etc._n 2._o the_o offence_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o forfeiture_n be_v lay_v to_o be_v commit_v at_o the_o fleet_n by_o suffer_v escape_n and_o by_o extortion_n and_o it_o be_v not_o find_v where_o the_o fleet_n be_v situate_a so_o there_o be_v no_o visne_n those_o offence_n can_v be_v traverse_v 3._o 6.32_o 39_o h._n 6.32_o they_o do_v not_o find_v the_o escape_n to_o be_v sine_fw-la licentia_fw-la &_o contra_fw-la voluntatem_fw-la of_o the_o warden_n the_o debt_n be_v unpaid_a 4._o admit_v it_o to_o be_v a_o forfeiture_n the_o office_n can_v go_v to_o the_o king_n but_o it_o shall_v go_v to_o the_o next_o who_o have_v the_o inheritance_n the_o opinion_n of_o the_o court_n be_v that_o there_o be_v two_o thing_n which_o entitle_v the_o king_n to_o this_o office_n neither_o of_o which_o be_v find_v by_o this_o inquisition_n 1._o a_o estate_n in_o the_o party_n offend_v 2._o a_o cause_n of_o forfeiture_n of_o that_o estate_n now_o here_o be_v no_o estate_n find_v in_o the_o warden_n but_o only_o that_o the_o office_n be_v forfeit_v by_o suffer_v of_o escapes_n etc._n etc._n if_o this_o have_v be_v a_o office_n of_o inheritance_n 95._o â—_o co._n 95._o than_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v find_v that_o such_o a_o person_n be_v seize_v in_o fee_n etc._n etc._n and_o so_o what_o estate_n soever_o he_o have_v in_o it_o aught_o to_o be_v express_o find_v but_o as_o this_o be_v find_v it_o be_v void_a because_o it_o do_v not_o answer_v the_o end_n for_o which_o the_o find_n of_o office_n be_v provide_v which_o be_v to_o entitle_v the_o king_n to_o the_o offender_n estate_n a_o indictment_n be_v but_o another_o sort_n of_o office_n and_o here_o be_v no_o estate_n find_v it_o be_v much_o like_o a_o indictment_n which_o find_v no_o offence_n therefore_o it_o must_v be_v quash_v it_o may_v have_v be_v object_v that_o no_o man_n can_v tell_v what_o estate_n the_o warden_n have_v in_o this_o place_n and_o that_o not_o be_v know_v no_o office_n can_v be_v find_v for_o the_o king_n but_o this_o objection_n run_v to_o the_o find_n of_o all_o manner_n of_o office_n in_o general_a who_o very_a nature_n be_v to_o find_v a_o estate_n and_o to_o divest_v the_o subject_n thereof_o and_o vest_n it_o in_o the_o king_n beside_o in_o this_o case_n one_o of_o the_o indenture_n by_o which_o the_o office_n be_v grant_v to_o the_o warden_n must_v be_v enroll_v in_o the_o court_n of_o common-plea_n this_o can_v be_v help_v by_o a_o melius_fw-la inquirendum_fw-la 194._o 3_o cro._n 895._o 9_o co._n 95._o keilw_n 194._o which_o never_o will_v support_v a_o defective_a inquisition_n and_o this_o be_v such_o because_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v that_o the_o defendant_n have_v any_o seisin_n or_o estate_n in_o the_o wardenship_n of_o the_o fleet._n barker_n mil_n '_o versus_fw-la damer_n hill_n 1_o rot._n 635._o a_o action_n of_o covenant_n be_v bring_v by_o sir_n william_n barker_n who_o be_v defendant_n in_o a_o former_a action_n against_o mr._n damer_n wherein_o he_o declare_v that_o william_n barker_n his_o father_n be_v seize_v in_o fee_n of_o the_o land_n in_o question_n be_v in_o ireland_n and_o make_v a_o lease_n thereof_o to_o one_o page_n for_o 31_o year_n under_o the_o yearly_a rent_n of_o 200_o l._n in_o which_o lease_n page_n do_v covenant_n for_o himself_o his_o executor_n administrator_n and_o assign_v to_o pay_v the_o rent_n to_o mr._n barker_n his_o heir_n and_o assign_v that_o william_n barker_n the_o father_n by_o lease_n and_o release_v convey_v the_o reversion_n to_o sir_n william_n barker_n the_o now_o plaintiff_n that_o the_o term_n be_v vest_v in_o the_o defendant_n and_o assign_v the_o breach_n for_o nonpayment_n of_o the_o rent_n the_o defendant_n plead_v to_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o this_o court_n that_o the_o land_n in_o the_o declaration_n mention_v lay_v in_o ireland_n where_o they_o have_v court_n of_o record_n etc._n etc._n and_o so_o proper_o triable_a there_o to_o this_o plea_n the_o plaintiff_n demur_v and_o the_o defendant_n join_v in_o demurrer_n the_o single_a question_n be_v whether_o a_o assignee_n of_o the_o reversion_n can_v bring_v a_o action_n of_o covenant_n against_o the_o assignee_n of_o a_o lessee_n in_o any_o other_o place_n than_o where_o the_o land_n be_v those_o who_o argue_v that_o he_o may_v say_v that_o this_o action_n be_v bring_v upon_o a_o express_a covenant_n be_v not_o local_a but_o transitory_a 82._o 2_o inst_z 231._o noy_n 142._o 2_o cro._n 142._o ibidem_fw-la sid._n 157._o 2_o roll._n ab._n 571._o 1_o and._n 82._o for_o debitum_fw-la &_o contractus_fw-la sunt_fw-la nullius_fw-la loci_fw-la and_o if_o it_o be_v a_o duty_n it_o be_v so_o every_o where_n therefore_o it_o have_v be_v adjudge_v that_o upon_o a_o covenant_n bring_v in_o one_o county_n the_o breach_n may_v be_v assign_v in_o another_o tremain_n serjeant_n contra._n contra_fw-la e_o contra_fw-la he_o admit_v that_o debt_n upon_o a_o lease_n for_o year_n upon_o the_o contract_n itself_o and_o covenant_n between_o the_o same_o party_n be_v transitory_a action_n and_o may_v be_v bring_v any_o where_o but_o when_o once_o that_o privity_n of_o contract_n be_v go_v as_o by_o assignment_n of_o the_o lessee_n or_o the_o death_n of_o the_o lessor_n 197._o latch_n 197._o and_o there_o remain_v only_o a_o privity_n in_o law_n there_o the_o action_n must_v be_v bring_v in_o the_o county_n where_o the_o land_n lie_v the_o reason_n be_v 37._o hob._n 37._o because_o the_o party_n be_v then_o chargeable_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o possession_n only_o therefore_o it_o be_v hold_v that_o where_o a_o assignee_n of_o a_o reversion_n of_o land_n in_o sommersetshire_n bring_v a_o action_n of_o debt_n in_o london_n b._n cro._n car._n 184._o jones_n 83._o dyer_n 40_o b._n upon_o a_o lease_n for_o year_n make_v there_o reserve_v a_o rent_n payable_a at_o london_n which_o be_v in_o arrear_n after_o the_o assignment_n that_o the_o action_n be_v not_o well_o bring_v for_o it_o ought_v to_o have_v be_v lay_v in_o sommersetshire_n where_o the_o land_n be_v because_o the_o privity_n of_o contract_n be_v lose_v by_o the_o assignment_n of_o the_o reversion_n and_o therefore_o the_o party_n to_o who_o that_o assignment_n be_v make_v aught_o to_o maintain_v the_o action_n upon_o the_o privity_n in_o law_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o interest_n which_o he_o have_v in_o the_o land_n itself_o and_o that_o must_v be_v in_o the_o county_n where_o it_o lie_v curia_fw-la there_o be_v a_o difference_n between_o a_o action_n of_o debt_n for_o rent_n bring_v by_o a_o assignee_n and_o a_o action_n of_o covenant_n for_o the_o first_o be_v a_o action_n at_o the_o common_a law_n which_o have_v fix_v the_o rent_n to_o the_o reversion_n and_o therefore_o such_o a_o action_n must_v be_v maintain_v upon_o the_o privity_n of_o estate_n which_o be_v always_o local_a but_o a_o assigneé_n of_o a_o reversion_n can_v not_o bring_v a_o action_n of_o covenant_n at_o the_o common_a law_n 34._o 1_o sid._n 402._o 3_o cro._n 580._o 1_o sand._n 240._o 32_o h._n 8._o c._n 34._o for_o it_o be_v give_v to_o he_o by_o a_o particular_a statute_n viz._n of_o 32_o h._n 8._o but_o the_o statute_n do_v not_o transfer_v any_o privity_n of_o contract_n to_o the_o assignee_n but_o the_o intent_n of_o it_o be_v to_o annex_v to_o the_o reversion_n such_o covenant_n only_o which_o concern_v the_o land_n itself_o as_o to_o repair_v the_o house_n or_o amend_v the_o fence_n and_o not_o to_o in_a or_o transfer_v any_o collateral_a covenant_n as_o to_o pay_v a_o sum_n of_o money_n for_o that_o be_v fix_v by_o the_o common_a law_n to_o the_o reversion_n it_o be_v true_a at_o the_o common_a law_n a_o assignee_n of_o a_o reversion_n may_v have_v maintain_v a_o action_n of_o covenant_n for_o any_o thing_n agree_v to_o be_v do_v upon_o the_o land_n itself_o privity_n of_o contract_n be_v not_o thereby_o transfer_v so_o as_o to_o make_v the_o action_n transitory_a but_o it_o must_v be_v bring_v upon_o the_o privity_n of_o estate_n for_o if_o a_o man_n do_v covenant_n to_o do_v any_o collateral_a thing_n not_o in_o the_o
before_o a_o coroner_n the_o person_n have_v drown_v himself_o it_o be_v suffocat_fw-la '_o &_o emergit_fw-la fuit_fw-la if_o it_o have_v stand_v single_o upon_o the_o word_n emergit_fw-la it_o have_v be_v insensible_a but_o the_o word_n suffocat_fw-la '_o express_v the_o sense_n it_o be_v hold_v good_a 100_o 4._o where_o nothing_o be_v vest_v in_o the_o king_n before_o office_n find_v ibid._n 5._o it_o must_v always_o be_v find_v that_o there_o be_v a_o estate_n in_o the_o person_n offend_v and_o a_o cause_n of_o forfeiture_n of_o that_o estate_n to_o vest_n it_o in_o the_o king_n 336_o interest_n in_o a_o thing_n see_v pardon_n 4._o where_o a_o man_n may_v have_v a_o interest_n in_o a_o chattel_n without_o a_o property_n 61_o 2._o devise_v to_o a_o wife_n and_o child_n after_o debt_n and_o legacy_n pay_v a_o interest_n ve_v in_o the_o devisee_n but_o it_o be_v otherwise_o in_o case_n of_o administration_n for_o there_o no_o interest_n ve_v till_o actual_a distribution_n 65_o 3._o a_o man_n may_v have_v a_o property_n though_o not_o in_o himself_o as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o joyntenancy_n 97_o intestate_a see_v administration_n innuendo_fw-la the_o proper_a office_n of_o it_o be_v to_o make_v the_o subject_a matter_n certain_a 53_o 2._o it_o will_v not_o help_v insensible_a word_n 54_o joyntenancy_n and_o tenancy_n in_o common_a see_v abatement_n 3._o baron_n and_o feme_fw-fr 12._o interest_n 3._o if_o one_o joyntenant_n bring_v a_o action_n against_o the_o other_o unless_o he_o plead_v the_o jointenancy_n in_o abatement_n the_o plaintiff_n will_v recover_v 97_o 2._o if_o two_o coparceners_n lease_n a_o house_n and_o the_o rent_n be_v arrear_n and_o one_o bring_v a_o action_n and_o recover_v judgement_n shall_v be_v arrest_v because_o both_o aught_o to_o join_v 109_o 3._o tenant_n in_o common_a must_v join_v in_o the_o personalty_n but_o it_o be_v otherwise_o in_o real_a action_n for_o though_o their_o estate_n be_v several_a yet_o the_o damage_n to_o be_v recover_v survive_v to_o all_o 109_o 251_o 4._o where_o one_o commoner_n may_v bring_v a_o action_n against_o his_o fellow_n 251_o joint_a action_n see_v action_n for_o a_o wrong_n 6._o joyntenancy_n 2_o 3._o where_o a_o action_n may_v be_v joint_a or_o several_a at_o the_o election_n of_o the_o plaintiff_n 86_o 2._o where_o it_o be_v bring_v against_o three_o defendant_n who_o plead_v joint_o the_o jury_n may_v sever_v the_o damage_n and_o the_o plaintiff_n may_v take_v execution_n de_fw-fr melioribus_fw-la damnis_fw-la as_o well_o as_o where_o their_o plea_n be_v several_a and_o trial_n at_o several_a time_n 101_o 102_o 3._o judgement_n against_o two_o and_o one_o bring_v a_o writ_n of_o error_n and_o assign_v the_o infancy_n of_o the_o other_o for_o error_n the_o writ_n be_v abate_v because_o both_o do_v not_o join_v 134_o 4._o the_o defendant_n in_o the_o original_a action_n must_v join_v in_o a_o writ_n of_o error_n but_o it_o seem_v otherwise_o where_o the_o plaintiff_n bring_v error_n 135_o 5._o two_o covenant_n to_o sell_v land_n and_o the_o purchasor_n agree_v to_o pay_v the_o money_n to_o one_o of_o they_o he_o alone_o ought_v to_o bring_v the_o action_n 263_o 6_o where_o there_o be_v several_a proprietor_n of_o a_o vessel_n for_o carriage_n of_o good_n which_o be_v damage_v by_o carry_v the_o action_n must_v be_v bring_v against_o all_o or_o against_o the_o master_n alone_o 321_o 322_o 7_o where_o two_o tenant_n in_o common_a be_v sue_v for_o not_o set_v out_o of_o tithe_n the_o action_n ought_v to_o be_v bring_v not_o against_o he_o who_o set_v they_o out_o but_o against_o the_o other_o who_o carry_v they_o away_o 322_o 8._o two_o be_v bind_v joint_o one_o be_v sue_v he_o may_v plead_v in_o abatement_n that_o he_o be_v bind_v with_o another_o but_o can_v plead_v non_fw-la est_fw-la factum_fw-la 323_o 9_o in_o all_o case_n which_o be_v ground_v upon_o contract_n the_o party_n who_o be_v privy_n must_v be_v join_v in_o the_o action_n ibid._n 10_o action_n must_v be_v bring_v against_o all_o where_o a_o promise_n be_v create_v by_o law_n 324_o issue_n must_v be_v join_v upon_o a_o affirmative_a and_o a_o negative_a by_o conclude_v to_o the_o country_n 80_o judge_n the_o make_n alter_v and_o displace_v of_o several_a judge_n sergeant_n at_o law_n and_o king_n council_n 71_o 99_o 100_o 104_o 125_o 143_o 191_o 239_o justice_n of_o peace_n offence_n against_o the_o statute_n of_o 23_o eliz_n c._n 1._o for_o not_o come_v to_o church_n may_v be_v inquire_v of_o by_o they_o in_o their_o session_n 79_o 2._o where_o a_o statute_n appoint_v a_o thing_n final_o to_o be_v do_v by_o they_o yet_o the_o court_n of_o king_n bench_n may_v take_v cognizance_n of_o it_o 95_o 3._o conviction_n for_o keep_v of_o a_o gun_n before_o a_o justice_n of_o peace_n the_o time_n when_o he_o have_v not_o 100_o l._n per_fw-la annum_fw-la must_v be_v precise_o allege_v 280_o justification_n see_v plead_v 4_o 5._o where_o it_o be_v plead_v by_o way_n of_o excuse_n to_o a_o action_n of_o trespass_n for_o the_o take_n of_o any_o thing_n the_o defendant_n must_v aver_v the_o fact_n to_o be_v do_v and_o set_v forth_o the_o warrant_n to_o he_o direct_v and_o the_o take_n virtute_fw-la warranti_fw-la and_o not_o general_o that_o he_o take_v it_o by_o a_o mandate_n etc._n etc._n 138_o 2._o in_o replevin_n where_o the_o defendant_n make_v conusance_n in_o right_a of_o the_o lord_n he_o may_v justify_v the_o take_n general_o ibid._n judgement_n 1._o at_o the_o common_a law_n no_o execution_n can_v be_v of_o a_o judgement_n after_o a_o year_n and_o a_o day_n but_o the_o remedy_n be_v to_o bring_v a_o action_n of_o debt_n upon_o judgement_n 187_o 189_o 2._o now_o a_o scire_fw-la fac._n be_v give_v upon_o a_o judgement_n after_o the_o year_n by_o the_o statue_n of_o w._n 2._o 189_o 3._o when_o a_o judgement_n be_v once_o execucute_v the_o good_n be_v in_o custodia_fw-la legis_fw-la and_o shall_v not_o be_v take_v away_o by_o a_o exchequer_n process_n or_o by_o the_o commissioner_n of_o bankrupt_n 236_o l._n lapse_n see_v notice_n lease_n a_o covenant_n in_o a_o lease_n for_o year_n that_o the_o lessee_n shall_v pay_v the_o rent_n without_o oblige_v his_o executor_n or_o administrator_n it_o be_v determine_v by_o his_o death_n 231_o 2._o for_o 99_o yeas_o if_o three_o person_n or_o any_o of_o they_o so_o long_o live_v reserve_v a_o rent_n and_o a_o herriot_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o either_o the_o beast_n of_o the_o assignee_n shall_v not_o be_v take_v for_o a_o herriot_n for_o the_o lessee_n be_v to_o pay_v his_o best_a beast_n and_o that_o shall_v not_o be_v carry_v further_a than_o to_o the_o person_n name_v 231_o libel_n where_o a_o fine_a and_o corporal_a punishment_n be_v impose_v upon_o the_o offender_n after_o conviction_n 68_o limitation_n a_o estate_n be_v settle_v upon_o trustee_n to_o the_o use_n of_o a._n and_o her_o heir_n provide_v she_o marry_v with_o the_o consent_n of_o trustee_n remainder_n over_o to_o b._n this_o be_v a_o limitation_n and_o not_o a_o condition_n 32_o limitation_n of_o action_n see_v 21_o jac._n 16._o where_o a_o trespass_n be_v lay_v with_o a_o continuando_fw-la for_o more_o than_o six_o year_n and_o the_o statute_n plead_v and_o entire_a damage_n it_o must_v be_v intend_v only_o for_o that_o which_o fall_v within_o the_o six_o year_n and_o that_o the_o jury_n reject_v the_o beginning_n of_o the_o trespass_n 111_o 2._o this_o statute_n relate_v to_o a_o distinct_a and_o not_o to_o a_o continue_a account_n 112_o 3._o it_o provide_v a_o remedy_n when_o the_o plaintiff_n be_v beyond_o sea_n at_o the_o time_n when_o his_o right_n accrue_v and_o save_v it_o till_o he_o return_v whether_o it_o may_v be_v extend_v in_o a_o case_n where_o the_o defendant_n be_v beyond_o sea_n long_o than_o six_o year_n from_o the_o time_n the_o plaintiff_n be_v entitle_v to_o the_o action_n 311_o 312_o local_a action_n whether_o covenant_n will_v lie_v by_o a_o assignee_n of_o a_o reversion_n against_o a_o assignee_n of_o a_o lessee_n in_o any_o other_o place_n than_o where_o the_o land_n lie_v 337_o 2._o debitum_fw-la &_o contractus_fw-la sunt_fw-la nullius_fw-la loci_fw-la ibid._n 3._o debt_n for_o rent_n upon_o a_o lease_n for_o year_n bring_v upon_o the_o contract_n and_o covenant_n between_o the_o same_o party_n be_v transitory_a ibid._n 4._o if_o privity_n of_o contract_n be_v go_v by_o make_v a_o assignment_n and_o only_o a_o privity_n in_o law_n remain_v the_o action_n must_v be_v bring_v in_o the_o county_n where_o the_o land_n lie_v ibid._n m._n mayor_n see_v corporation_n marriage_n see_v condition_n 3._o evidence_n 7._o limitation_n notice_n a_o maid_n above_o 12_o and_o under_o 16_o take_v from_o parent_n or_o guardian_n and_o marry_v forfeit_v her_o estate_n to_o the_o next_o in_o
upon_o the_o estate_n which_o affidavit_fw-la be_v produce_v in_o court_n but_o not_o suffer_v to_o be_v read_v but_o as_o a_o note_n or_o letter_n unless_o the_o plaintiff_n will_v produce_v a_o witness_n to_o swear_v that_o he_o be_v present_a when_o the_o oath_n be_v take_v before_o the_o master_n and_o a_o objection_n be_v make_v to_o the_o settlement_n itself_o which_o recite_v that_o whereas_o a_o marriage_n be_v intend_v to_o be_v have_v between_o the_o say_v edmund_n goodier_n and_o elizabeth_n have_v now_o in_o consideration_n thereof_o and_o of_o a_o portion_n he_o convey_v the_o say_a manor_n to_o the_o feoffee_n to_o the_o use_n of_o himself_o for_o life_n and_o after_o his_o decease_n to_o the_o use_n of_o the_o say_v elizabeth_n for_o life_n but_o do_v not_o say_v from_z and_z after_o the_o solemnisation_n of_o the_o say_a marriage_n so_o that_o if_o she_o have_v not_o marry_v mr._n goodier_n yet_o after_o his_o decease_n she_o will_v have_v enjoy_v the_o estate_n for_o life_n upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n the_o jury_n find_v for_o the_o defendant_n dominus_fw-la rex_fw-la versus_fw-la coney_n and_o obrian_n the_o defendant_n be_v convict_v for_o the_o murder_n of_o mr._n 1._o murder_n be_v pardon_v by_o the_o name_n felonica_fw-la interfectio_fw-la and_o hold_v good_a 10_o e._n 3._o c._n 3._o 13_o r._n 2._o c._n 1._o tyrrwhite_n and_o mr._n forster_n in_o a_o duel_n and_o now_o plead_v their_o pardon_n in_o which_o there_o be_v a_o clause_n non_fw-la obstante_fw-la the_o statute_n of_o ed._n 3._o which_o appoint_v he_o that_o have_v a_o pardon_n of_o felony_n to_o find_v surety_n for_o his_o good_a behaviour_n before_o it_o shall_v be_v allow_v and_o another_o non_fw-la obstante_fw-la to_o the_o statute_n of_o r._n 2._o which_o enact_v that_o if_o the_o offence_n be_v not_o specify_v in_o the_o pardon_v it_o shall_v not_o be_v allow_v now_o the_o word_n murdrum_n be_v not_o in_o this_o pardon_n the_o offence_n be_v express_v by_o these_o general_a word_n felonica_fw-la interfectione_fw-la and_o whether_o it_o do_v extend_v to_o pardon_v murder_n be_v the_o question_n mr._n astry_n the_o clerk_n of_o the_o crown_n inform_v the_o court_n that_o one_o alexander_n montgomery_n of_o eglington_n plead_v the_o like_a pardon_n for_o murder_n but_o it_o be_v hold_v insufficient_a and_o the_o court_n give_v he_o time_n to_o get_v his_o pardon_n amend_v which_o be_v do_v likewise_o in_o this_o case_n the_o defendant_n come_v again_o on_o another_o day_n and_o council_n be_v allow_v to_o plead_v for_o they_o insist_v that_o the_o pardon_n be_v good_a and_o that_o the_o murder_n be_v sufficient_o pardon_v by_o these_o word_n that_o it_o be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o king_n to_o pardon_v by_o general_a word_n and_o his_o intent_n do_v plain_o appear_v to_o pardon_v the_o defendant_n that_o the_o murder_n of_o a_o person_n be_v right_o express_v by_o felonious_a kill_n though_o not_o so_o proper_o as_o by_o the_o word_n murdrum_n itself_o the_o omission_n of_o which_o word_n will_v not_o make_v the_o pardon_v void_a and_o to_o prove_v this_o he_o cite_v the_o sheriff_n of_o norfolk_n case_n a._n 2_o r._n 3._o 7._o a._n who_o be_v indebt_v to_o the_o king_n during_o the_o time_n he_o be_v sheriff_n and_o be_v pardon_v by_o the_o name_n of_o j._n w._n esquire_n who_o be_v the_o same_o person_n de_fw-la omnibus_fw-la debitis_fw-la &_o computis_n etc._n etc._n afterward_o he_o be_v charge_v in_o the_o exchequer_n for_o 100_o l._n where_o he_o plead_v this_o pardon_n and_o it_o be_v hold_v good_a though_o he_o be_v not_o name_v sheriff_n and_o so_o not_o pardon_v by_o the_o name_n of_o his_o office_n yet_o the_o king_n intention_n appear_v in_o his_o charter_n and_o have_v pardon_v he_o by_o his_o right_a name_n that_o be_v sufficient_a and_o in_o that_o case_n the_o king_n himself_o be_v concern_v in_o point_n of_o interest_n the_o book_n all_o agree_v 234._o more_n 752._o lucas_n case_n 8_o co._n 18._o 3_o inst_z 234._o that_o before_o the_o statute_n of_o r._n 2._o the_o king_n may_v pardon_v murder_n by_o the_o word_n felony_n now_o this_o prerogative_n be_v incident_a to_o the_o crown_n and_o inseparable_a from_o the_o person_n of_o the_o king_n be_v not_o design_v to_o be_v whole_o restrain_v by_o that_o act_n for_o the_o parliament_n only_o intend_v that_o by_o specify_v the_o offence_n in_o the_o pardon_n the_o king_n shall_v be_v right_o inform_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o it_o and_o when_o he_o understand_v it_o to_o be_v murder_n he_o will_v not_o grant_v a_o pardon_n but_o admit_v his_o power_n to_o be_v restrain_v by_o that_o statute_n 101._o stamf._n 101._o yet_o a_o non_fw-la obstante_fw-la be_v a_o dispensation_n of_o it_o and_o therefore_o this_o pardon_n ought_v to_o be_v allow_v the_o pardon_n be_v hold_v good_a by_o the_o whole_a court_n and_o jefferies_n the_o chief_a justice_n say_v that_o he_o have_v propose_v this_o case_n to_o all_o the_o judge_n of_o england_n 366._o sid._n 366._o and_o they_o be_v all_o of_o the_o same_o opinion_n and_o that_o he_o remember_v dudley_n case_n where_o a_o pardon_n in_o general_a word_n be_v allow_v de_fw-fr term._n sancti_fw-la hill_n anno_fw-la 35_o car._n ii_o in_o banco_n regis_fw-la 1683_o 4._o brazen_a versus_fw-la dean_n a_o covenant_n upon_o a_o charter_n party_n for_o the_o freight_n of_o a_o ship_n bind_v a_o thing_n lawful_a to_o be_v do_v when_o the_o party_n do_v covenant_n to_o do_v it_o and_o afterward_o prohibit_v the_o covenant_n be_v bind_v the_o defendant_n plead_v that_o the_o ship_n be_v load_v with_o french_a good_n prohibit_v by_o law_n to_o be_v import_v and_o upon_o demurrer_n judgement_n be_v give_v for_o the_o plaintiff_n for_o the_o court_n be_v all_o of_o opinion_n that_o if_o the_o thing_n to_o be_v do_v be_v lawful_a at_o the_o time_n when_o the_o defendant_n do_v enter_v into_o the_o covenant_n though_o it_o be_v afterward_o prohibit_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n yet_o the_o covenant_n be_v bind_v barnes_n versus_fw-la edgard_n trespass_n for_o break_v his_o close_a and_o impounding_a of_o his_o cattle_n cost_v where_o damage_n be_v under_o 40_o s._n the_o plaintiff_n must_v have_v ordinary_a cost_v upon_o not_o guilty_a plead_v the_o plaintiff_n have_v a_o verdict_n but_o damage_n under_o 40_o s._n whereupon_o mr._n livesay_n the_o secondary_a refuse_v to_o tar_v full_a cost_v allege_v it_o to_o be_v within_o the_o statute_n of_o 22_o &_o 23_o car._n 2._o by_o which_o it_o be_v enact_v 9_o 22_o &_o 23_o car._n 2._o cap._n 9_o that_o in_o all_o action_n of_o trespass_n assault_v and_o battery_n and_o other_o personal_a action_n wherein_o the_o judge_n shall_v not_o certify_v upon_o the_o back_n of_o the_o record_n that_o a_o battery_n be_v prove_v or_o the_o freehold_a or_o title_n of_o the_o land_n chief_o in_o question_n if_o the_o jury_n find_v the_o damage_n under_o 40_o s._n the_o plaintiff_n shall_v recover_v no_o more_o cost_v than_o damage_n mr._n pollexfen_v move_v for_o cost_v allege_v that_o this_o act_n do_v not_o extend_v to_o all_o trespass_n but_o only_o to_o such_o where_o the_o freehold_a of_o the_o land_n be_v in_o question_n if_o the_o action_n have_v be_v for_o a_o trespass_n in_o break_v his_o close_a and_o damage_n give_v under_o 40_o s._n there_o may_v not_o have_v be_v full_a cost_v but_o here_o be_v another_o count_n for_o impound_v the_o cattle_n of_o which_o the_o defendant_n be_v find_v guilty_a and_o therefore_o must_v have_v he_o cost_v the_o like_a case_n be_v adjudge_v in_o this_o court_n in_o hillary_n term_n last_o 232._o smith_n versus_fw-la batterton_n raym._n 487._o jones_n 232._o which_o be_v trespass_n for_o break_v and_o fling_v down_o stall_n in_o the_o market_n place_n the_o plaintiff_n have_v a_o verdict_n and_o 2_o d._n damage_n and_o upon_o a_o debate_n whether_o he_o shall_v have_v full_a cost_v the_o court_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o it_o be_v not_o within_o that_o statute_n because_o the_o title_n can_v not_o come_v in_o question_n upon_o the_o destruction_n of_o a_o chattel_n in_o the_o principal_a case_n the_o plaintiff_n have_v ordinary_a cost_v de_fw-fr termino_fw-la paschae_fw-la anno_fw-la 36_o car._n ii_o in_o banco_n regis_fw-la 1684._o marsh_n versus_fw-la cutler_n the_o plaintiff_n obtain_v a_o judgement_n in_o a_o hundred_o court_n for_o 58_o s._n and_o 4_o d._n 530._o if_o debt_n be_v bring_v upon_o a_o specialty_n for_o part_n of_o the_o sum_n the_o plaintiff_n must_v show_v how_o the_o other_o be_v discharge_v 2_o cro._n 498_o 499_o 529_o 530._o and_o bring_v a_o action_n of_o debt_n upon_o that_o judgement_n in_o this_o court_n for_o 58_o s._n only_o and_o do_v not_o show_v that_o the_o 4_o d._n be_v discharge_v and_o upon_o nultiel_n record_v plead_v and_o a_o demurrer_n to_o that_o plea_n the_o
general_a as_o this_o case_n there_o be_v many_o instance_n where_o breach_n have_v be_v general_o assign_v and_o hold_v ill_o that_o in_o croke_n be_v so_o but_o the_o late_a opinion_n be_v otherwise_o affirmetur_fw-la judicium_fw-la pie_n versus_fw-la brereton_n a_o lease_n be_v make_v of_o tithe_n for_o three_o year_n render_v rend_v at_o michaelmas_n and_o lady-day_n and_o a_o action_n of_o debt_n be_v bring_v for_o rend_a arrear_n for_o two_o year_n upon_o nil_fw-la debet_fw-la plead_v the_o plaintiff_n have_v a_o verdict_n and_o it_o be_v now_o move_v in_o arrest_n of_o judgement_n that_o the_o declaration_n be_v too_o general_a for_o the_o rent_n be_v reserve_v at_o two_o feast_n 668._o 2_o cro._n 668._o the_o plaintiff_n ought_v to_o have_v show_v at_o which_o of_o those_o feast_n it_o be_v due_a but_o the_o council_n for_o the_o plaintiff_n say_v that_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o declaration_n that_o two_o year_n of_o the_o three_o be_v expire_v so_o there_o be_v but_o one_o to_o come_v which_o make_v it_o certain_a enough_o curia_fw-la this_o be_v help_v by_o the_o verdict_n but_o it_o have_v not_o be_v good_a upon_o a_o demurrer_n de_fw-fr term._n sancti_fw-la mich._n anno_fw-la 1_o jac._n ii_o in_o banco_n regis_fw-la 1685._o memorandum_n that_o in_o trinity-vacation_n last_o die_v sir_n francis_n north_n baron_n of_o guildford_n and_o lord_n keeper_n of_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n at_o his_o house_n in_o oxfordshire_n be_v a_o man_n of_o great_a learning_n and_o temperance_n and_o sir_n george_n jefferies_n baron_n of_o wem_n and_o chief_a justice_n of_o the_o kings-bench_n have_v the_o seal_n deliver_v to_o he_o at_o windsor_n and_o be_v thereupon_o make_v lord_n high_a chancellor_n of_o england_n and_o sir_n edward_n herbert_n one_o of_o the_o king_n council_n succeed_v he_o in_o the_o place_n of_o chief_a justice_n there_o die_v also_o this_o vacation_n sir_n thomas_n walcott_n one_o of_o the_o justice_n of_o the_o kings-bench_n and_o he_o be_v succeed_v by_o sir_n robert_n wright_n one_o of_o the_o baron_n of_o the_o exchequer_n sir_n john_n newton_n &_o al'_n versus_fw-la stubbs_n in_o a_o action_n on_o the_o case_n for_o word_n good_a word_n lay_v to_o be_v speak_v ad_fw-la tenorem_fw-la &_o effectmu_fw-la sequen_n '_o not_o good_a the_o plaintiff_n declare_v that_o they_o be_v justice_n of_o the_o peace_n for_o the_o county_n of_o gloucester_n etc._n etc._n and_o that_o the_o defendant_n speak_v these_o scandalous_a word_n of_o they_o viz._n sir_n john_n newton_n and_o mr._n meredith_n make_v use_n of_o the_o king_n commission_n to_o worry_v man_n out_o of_o their_o estate_n &_o postea_fw-la eodem_fw-la die_fw-la etc._n etc._n they_o speak_v these_o word_n viz._n sir_n john_n newton_n and_o mr._n meredith_n make_v use_n of_o the_o king_n commission_n to_o worry_v i_o and_o mr._n creswick_n out_o of_o our_o estate_n and_o afterward_o these_o word_n be_v lay_v in_o latin_a without_o a_o anglice_fw-la ad_fw-la tenorem_fw-la &_o effectum_fw-la sequen_n '_o etc._n etc._n there_o be_v a_o verdict_n for_o the_o plaintiff_n and_o entire_a damage_n and_o now_o mr._n trindar_n move_v in_o arrest_n of_o judgement_n 1._o that_o the_o word_n in_o the_o declaration_n be_v lay_v in_o latin_a 2._o roll._n abr._n 74._o pl._n 2._o without_o a_o anglice_fw-la and_o without_o a_o averment_n that_o the_o hearer_n do_v understand_v latin_n 2._o it_o be_v not_o express_o allege_v that_o the_o defendant_n speak_v those_o very_a word_n for_o be_v lay_v ad_fw-la tenorem_fw-la &_o effectum_fw-la sequen_n '_o something_o may_v be_v omit_v which_o may_v alter_v the_o sense_n and_o meaning_n of_o they_o 857._o cro._n eliz._n 857._o and_o for_o this_o very_a reason_n judgement_n be_v stay_v though_o the_o court_n hold_v the_o word_n to_o be_v actionable_a rex_fw-la versus_fw-la ayloff_n &_o al'_n they_o be_v outlaw_v for_o high-treason_n treason_n treason_n and_o on_o tuesday_n the_o 27_o day_n of_o october_n they_o be_v bring_v to_o the_o bar_n and_o a_o rule_n of_o court_n be_v make_v for_o their_o execution_n on_o friday_n follow_v the_o chief_a justice_n say_v that_o there_o be_v no_o hardship_n in_o this_o proceed_n to_o a_o sentence_n upon_o a_o outlawry_n because_o those_o malefactor_n who_o wilful_o fly_v from_o justice_n and_o a_o new_a crime_n to_o their_o former_a offence_n and_o therefore_o aught_o to_o have_v no_o benefit_n of_o the_o law_n for_o though_o a_o man_n be_v guilty_a yet_o if_o he_o put_v himself_o upon_o his_o trial_n he_o may_v by_o his_o submissive_a behaviour_n and_o show_v of_o repentance_n incline_v the_o king_n to_o mercy_n in_o felony_n which_o be_v of_o a_o low_a nature_n than_o the_o crime_n for_o which_o these_o person_n be_v attaint_v flight_n even_o for_o a_o hour_n be_v a_o forfeiture_n of_o the_o good_n of_o the_o criminal_a so_o likewise_o a_o challenge_n to_o three_o jury_n be_v a_o defiance_n to_o justice_n and_o if_o that_o be_v so_o then_o certain_o fly_v from_o it_o be_v both_o despise_v the_o mercy_n of_o the_o king_n and_o contemn_v the_o justice_n of_o the_o nation_n they_o be_v both_o execute_v on_o frday_o the_o 30_o of_o october_n follow_v dominus_fw-la rex_fw-la versus_fw-la colson_n &_o al'_n a_o information_n be_v exhibit_v against_o the_o defendant_n good_a information_n for_o a_o riot_n not_o good_a set_v forth_o that_o they_o with_o other_o do_v riotous_o assemble_v themselves_o together_o to_o divert_v a_o watercourse_n and_o that_o they_o set_v up_o a_o bank_n in_o a_o certain_a place_n by_o which_o the_o water_n be_v hinder_v from_o run_v to_o a_o ancient_a mill_n in_o so_o plentiful_a a_o manner_n as_o former_o etc._n etc._n upon_o not_o guilty_a plead_v it_o come_v to_o a_o trial_n and_o the_o jury_n find_v that_o quoad_fw-la factionem_fw-la ripae_fw-la the_o defendant_n be_v guilty_a and_o quoad_fw-la riotum_fw-la not_o guilty_a and_o now_o mr._n williams_n move_v in_o arrest_n of_o judgement_n because_o that_o by_o this_o verdict_n the_o defendant_n be_v acquit_v of_o the_o charge_n in_o the_o information_n which_o be_v the_o riot_n and_o as_o for_o the_o erect_n of_o the_o bank_n a_o action_n on_o the_o case_n will_v lie_v and_o the_o judgement_n be_v according_o arrest_v mason_n versus_fw-la beldham_n trin._n 1_o jac._n rot._n 408._o the_o plaintiff_n bring_v his_o action_n against_o the_o defendant_n rent_n quantum_fw-la meruit_fw-la will_v lie_v for_o rent_n and_o set_v forth_o that_o in_o consideration_n that_o he_o will_v suffer_v the_o defendant_n to_o enjoy_v a_o house_n and_o three_o water-mill_n etc._n etc._n he_o promise_v to_o pay_v so_o much_o yearly_a as_o they_o be_v reasonable_o worth_a and_o aver_v that_o they_o be_v worth_a so_o much_o and_o upon_o a_o demurrer_n the_o question_n be_v whether_o this_o action_n will_v lie_v for_o rent_n it_o be_v argue_v for_o the_o defendant_n that_o it_o will_v not_o lie_v 668._o cro._n eliz._n 242._o 786_o 859._o 2_o cro._n 668._o because_o it_o be_v a_o real_a contract_n it_o be_v true_a there_o be_v a_o case_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v otherwise_o it_o be_v between_o acton_n and_o symonds_n 414._o cro._n car._n 414._o which_o be_v in_o consideration_n that_o the_o plaintiff_n will_v demise_n to_o the_o defendant_n certain_a land_n for_o three_o year_n at_o the_o rent_n of_o 25_o l._n by_o the_o year_n he_o promise_v to_o pay_v it_o this_o be_v hold_v to_o be_v a_o personal_a promise_n ground_v upon_o a_o real_a contract_n and_o by_o the_o opinion_n of_o three_o judge_n the_o action_n do_v lie_v because_o there_o be_v a_o express_a promise_n allege_v which_o must_v also_o be_v prove_v but_o justice_n croke_n be_v of_o a_o contrary_a opinion_n mr._n pollexfen_n contra_fw-la if_o a_o lease_n be_v make_v for_o year_n reserve_v a_o sum_n in_o gross_a for_o rent_n and_o which_o be_v make_v certain_a by_o the_o lease_n in_o such_o case_n a_o action_n of_o debt_n will_v lie_v for_o the_o rent_n in_o arrear_n but_o if_o where_o no_o sum_n certain_a be_v reserve_v as_o in_o this_o case_n a_o quantum_fw-la meruit_fw-la will_v lie_v and_o no_o reason_n can_v be_v give_v why_o a_o man_n may_v not_o have_v such_o a_o action_n for_o the_o rent_n of_o his_o land_n as_o well_o as_o for_o his_o horse_n or_o chamber_n and_o judgement_n be_v give_v for_o the_o plaintiff_n anonymus_fw-la there_o be_v a_o libel_n in_o the_o spiritual_a court_n for_o scandalous_a word_n not_z prohibition_n for_o word_n where_o some_o be_v actionable_a and_o other_o not_z viz._n she_o be_v bitch_n a_o whore_n a_o old_a bawd_n and_o a_o prohibition_n be_v now_o pray_v by_o mr._n pollexfen_n because_o some_o of_o the_o word_n be_v actionable_a at_o law_n and_o some_o punishable_a in_o the_o spiritual_a court_n and_o therefore_o pray_v that_o it_o may_v go_v quoad_fw-la those_o word_n which_o be_v actionable_a at_o law_n the_o chief_a justice_n grant_v
that_o be_v to_o make_v they_o judge_n whether_o this_o duty_n be_v payable_a or_o not_o and_o so_o the_o court_n of_o westminster_n who_o be_v the_o proper_a judge_n of_o the_o revenue_n of_o the_o king_n who_o by_o this_o mean_n will_v be_v without_o a_o appeal_n will_v be_v exclude_v curia_fw-la this_o court_n may_v take_v cognizance_n of_o this_o matter_n as_o well_o as_o in_o case_n of_o bastardy_n it_o be_v frequent_a to_o remove_v those_o order_n into_o this_o court_n though_o the_o act_n say_v that_o the_o two_o next_o justice_n may_v take_v order_n as_o well_o for_o the_o punishment_n of_o the_o mother_n as_o also_o for_o the_o relief_n of_o the_o parish_n where_o it_o be_v bear_v except_o he_o give_v security_n to_o appear_v the_o next_o quarter_n session_n the_o statute_n do_v not_o mention_v any_o certiorari_fw-la which_o show_v that_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o lawmaker_n be_v that_o a_o certiorari_fw-la might_n he_o bring_v otherwise_o they_o will_v have_v enact_v as_o they_o have_v do_v by_o several_a other_o statute_n that_o no_o certiorari_fw-la shall_v lie_v therefore_o the_o meaning_n of_o the_o act_n must_v be_v that_o the_o determination_n of_o the_o justice_n of_o the_o peace_n shall_v be_v final_a in_o matter_n of_o fact_n only_o as_o if_o a_o collector_n shall_v affirm_v that_o a_o person_n have_v four_o chimney_n when_o he_o have_v but_o two_o or_o when_o the_o good_n distrain_v be_v sell_v under_o the_o value_n and_o the_o overplus_n not_o return_v but_o the_o right_n of_o the_o duty_n arise_v by_o virtue_n of_o this_o act_n be_v never_o intend_v to_o be_v determine_v by_o they_o then_o the_o order_n be_v file_v and_o mr._n pollexfen_v move_v that_o it_o may_v be_v quash_v for_o that_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o 14_o car._n 2._o 10._o 14_o car._n 2._o c._n 10._o the_o occupier_n be_v only_o chargeable_a and_o the_o landlord_n exempt_v now_o by_o the_o proviso_n in_o that_o act_n such_o a_o cottage_n as_o be_v express_v in_o this_o order_n be_v likewise_o exempt_v because_o it_o be_v not_o of_o great_a value_n than_o 20_o s._n by_o the_o year_n and_o it_o be_v not_o express_v that_o the_o person_n inhabit_v the_o same_o have_v any_o land_n of_o his_o own_o of_o the_o value_n of_o 20_o s._n per_fw-la annum_fw-la nor_o any_o land_n or_o good_n to_o the_o value_n of_o 10_o l._n now_o there_o have_v be_v several_a abuse_n make_v of_o this_o law_n to_o deceive_v the_o king_n of_o this_o duty_n occasion_v the_o make_n of_o this_o subsequent_a act._n the_o abuse_n be_v these_o viz._n the_o take_v a_o great_a house_n and_o divide_v it_o into_o several_a tenement_n and_o then_o let_v they_o to_o tenant_n who_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o poverty_n may_v pretend_v to_o be_v exempt_v from_o this_o duty_n the_o divide_v land_n from_o house_n so_o that_o the_o king_n be_v by_o these_o practice_n deceive_v and_o therefore_o in_o such_o case_n the_o charge_n be_v lay_v upon_o the_o landlord_n but_o nothing_o of_o this_o appear_v upon_o the_o order_n it_o be_v therefore_o quash_v brett_n versus_fw-la whitchot_n in_o replevin_n king_n land_n not_o exempt_v from_o repair_v of_o the_o highway_n by_o grant_n of_o the_o king_n the_o defendant_n avow_v the_o take_n of_o a_o cup_n as_o a_o fine_a for_o a_o distress_n towards_o the_o repair_n of_o the_o highway_n the_o plaintiff_n reply_v and_o set_v forth_o a_o grant_n from_o the_o king_n by_o which_o the_o land_n which_o be_v chargeable_a to_o send_v man_n for_o the_o repair_n etc._n etc._n be_v exempt_v from_o that_o duty_n and_o upon_o a_o demurrer_n the_o question_n be_v whether_o the_o king_n letter_n patent_n be_v sufficient_a to_o exempt_a land_n from_o the_o charge_n of_o the_o repair_n of_o the_o highway_n 8._o 2_o &_o 3_o ph._n &_o mar._n c._n 8._o which_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o philip_n and_o mary_n and_o other_o subsequent_a statute_n be_v chargeable_a to_o send_v man_n for_o that_o purpose_n and_o it_o be_v argue_v that_o such_o letter_n patent_n be_v not_o sufficient_a because_o they_o be_v grant_v in_o this_o case_n before_o the_o make_n of_o the_o statute_n and_o so_o by_o consequence_n before_o any_o cause_n of_o action_n and_o to_o prove_v this_o a_o case_n be_v cite_v to_o this_o purpose_n in_o 2_o e._n 569._o 2_o inst_z 569._o 3._o a_o action_n be_v bring_v against_o a_o hundred_o for_o a_o robbery_n upon_o the_o statute_n of_o 13_o e._n 1._o the_o bishop_n of_o litchfield_n plead_v a_o charter_n of_o r._n 1._o by_o which_o that_o hundred_o which_o be_v hold_v in_o right_o of_o his_o church_n be_v exempt_v etc._n etc._n but_o it_o be_v hold_v that_o this_o charter_n can_v not_o discharge_v the_o action_n because_o no_o such_o action_n be_v give_v when_o the_o letter_n patent_n be_v make_v but_o long_o afterward_o judgement_n be_v give_v for_o the_o avowant_n upton_n versus_fw-la dawkin_n trespass_n quare_fw-la vi_fw-la &_o armis_fw-la liberam_fw-la piscariam_fw-la he_o do_v break_v and_o enter_v and_o one_o hundred_o trout_n ipsius_fw-la quer._n good_a trespass_n for_o take_v fish_n ipsius_fw-la querentis_fw-la in_o libera_fw-la piscaria_fw-la not_o good_a in_o the_o fishery_n aforesaid_a do_v take_v and_o carry_v away_o upon_o not_o guilty_a plead_v there_o be_v a_o verdict_n for_o the_o plaintiff_n and_o this_o exception_n be_v take_v in_o arrest_n of_o judgement_n viz._n for_o that_o the_o plaintiff_n declare_v in_o trespass_n for_o take_v so_o many_o fish_n ipsius_fw-la quer._n in_fw-la libera_fw-la piscaria_fw-la which_o can_v be_v because_o he_o have_v not_o such_o a_o property_n in_o libera_fw-la piscaria_fw-la to_o call_v the_o fish_n his_o own_o pollexfen_n contra_fw-la if_o there_o have_v not_o be_v a_o verdict_n such_o a_o construction_n may_v have_v be_v make_v of_o this_o declaration_n upon_o a_o demurrer_n but_o now_o it_o be_v help_v and_o the_o rather_o because_o a_o man_n may_v call_v they_o pisces_fw-la ipsius_fw-la in_o a_o free_a fishery_n for_o they_o may_v be_v in_o a_o trunk_n so_o a_o man_n may_v have_v a_o property_n though_o not_o in_o himself_o as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o jointenant_n where_o it_o be_v not_o in_o one_o but_o in_o both_o yet_o if_o one_o declare_v against_o the_o other_o unless_o he_o plead_v the_o jointenancy_n in_o abatement_n the_o plaintiff_n shall_v recover_v but_o notwithstanding_o the_o judgement_n be_v reverse_v dominus_fw-la rex_fw-la versus_fw-la ......_o the_o defendant_n be_v indict_v for_o barratry_n barratry_n barratry_n the_o evidence_n against_o he_o be_v that_o one_o g._n be_v arrest_v at_o the_o suit_n of_o c._n in_o a_o action_n of_o 4000_o l._n and_o be_v bring_v before_o a_o judge_n to_o give_v bail_n to_o the_o action_n and_o that_o the_o defendant_n who_o be_v a_o barrister_n at_o law_n be_v then_o present_a and_o do_v solicit_v this_o suit_n when_o in_o truth_n at_o the_o same_o time_n c._n be_v indebt_v to_o g._n in_o 200_o l._n and_o that_o he_o do_v not_o owe_v the_o say_v c._n one_o farthing_n the_o chief_a justice_n be_v first_o of_o opinion_n that_o this_o may_v be_v maintenance_n but_o that_o it_o be_v not_o barratry_n unless_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o defendant_n do_v know_v that_o c._n have_v not_o cause_n of_o action_n after_o it_o be_v bring_v if_o a_o man_n shall_v be_v arrest_v for_o a_o trifle_a cause_n or_o for_o no_o cause_n this_o be_v no_o barratry_n though_o it_o be_v a_o sign_n of_o a_o very_a ill_a christian_a it_o be_v against_o the_o express_a word_n of_o god_n but_o a_o man_n may_v arrest_v another_o think_n he_o have_v a_o just_a cause_n so_o to_o do_v when_o as_o in_o truth_n he_o have_v none_o for_o he_o may_v be_v mistake_v especial_o where_o there_o have_v be_v great_a deal_n between_o the_o party_n but_o if_o the_o design_n be_v not_o to_o recover_v his_o own_o right_a but_o only_o to_o ruin_v and_o oppress_v his_o neighbour_n that_o be_v barratry_n a_o man_n may_v lay_v out_o money_n in_o behalf_n of_o another_o in_o suit_n at_o law_n to_o recover_v a_o just_a right_n and_o this_o may_v be_v do_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o poverty_n of_o the_o party_n but_o if_o he_o lend_v money_n to_o promote_v and_o stir_v up_o suit_n than_o he_o be_v a_o barretor_n now_o it_o appear_v upon_o the_o evidence_n that_o the_o defendant_n do_v entertain_v c._n in_o his_o house_n and_o bring_v several_a action_n in_o his_o name_n where_o nothing_o be_v due_a that_o he_o be_v therefore_o guilty_a of_o that_o crime_n but_o if_o a_o action_n be_v first_o bring_v and_o then_o profecute_v by_o another_o he_o be_v no_o barretor_n though_o there_o be_v no_o cause_n of_o action_n the_o defendant_n be_v find_v guilty_a de_fw-fr termino_fw-la paschae_fw-la anno_fw-la 2_o jac._n ii_o in_o banco_n regis_fw-la 1686._o coram_fw-la edwardo_n herbert_n mil_n '_o capital_n '_o justice_z
my_o lord_n coke_n to_o be_v a_o allowance_n by_o the_o king_n be_v grant_v to_o any_o person_n for_o the_o sole_a buy_n or_o sell_v of_o any_o thing_n restrain_v all_o other_o of_o that_o liberty_n which_o they_o have_v before_o the_o make_n of_o such_o a_o grant_n 181._o 3_o inst_z 181._o and_o this_o he_o tell_v we_o be_v against_o the_o ancient_a and_o fundamental_a right_n of_o this_o kingdom_n this_o patent_n agree_v exact_o with_o that_o definition_n 7._o 9_o e._n 3._o cap._n 1._o 18_o e._n 3._o c._n 3._o 25_o e._n 3._o c._n 2._o roll._n abr._n 180._o 2_o r._n 2._o c._n 1._o 11_o r._n 2._o c._n 7._o and_o therefore_o it_o must_v be_v against_o law_n it_o be_v against_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n which_o give_v liberty_n to_o merchant_n to_o buy_v and_o to_o sell_v in_o this_o realm_n without_o disturbance_n and_o it_o be_v express_o against_o the_o statute_n of_o 21_o jac._n cap._n 3._o which_o declare_v all_o such_o letter_n patent_n to_o be_v void_a that_o which_o may_v give_v some_o colour_n to_o make_v such_o grant_v good_a rep._n 2_o inst_z 540._o 11_o rep._n be_v a_o pretence_n of_o order_n and_o government_n in_o trade_n but_o my_o lord_n coke_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o it_o be_v a_o hindrance_n to_o both_o and_o in_o the_o end_n it_o produce_v monopoly_n there_o be_v a_o great_a difference_n between_o the_o king_n grant_n and_o his_o prohibition_n for_o the_o one_o ve_v a_o interest_n which_o be_v not_o do_v by_o the_o other_o and_o all_o prohibition_n determine_v by_o the_o king_n death_n but_o grant_v still_o remain_v in_o force_n adjornatur_fw-la langford_n versus_fw-la webber_n in_o trespass_n for_o the_o take_n of_o a_o horse_n doer_n justification_n upon_o a_o bare_a possession_n good_a against_o a_o wrong_a doer_n the_o defendant_n justify_v for_o that_o joseph_n ash_n be_v possess_v of_o a_o close_a etc._n etc._n and_o that_o the_o defendant_n as_o his_o servant_n take_v the_o horse_n in_o that_o close_a damage_n fesant_fw-mi and_o upon_o a_o demurrer_n to_o this_o plea_n for_o that_o the_o defendant_n do_v not_o show_v what_o title_n ash_n have_v to_o this_o close_a the_o council_n for_o the_o defendant_n insist_v that_o it_o be_v in_o trespass_n it_o be_v sufficient_a to_o say_v that_o ash_n be_v possess_v because_o in_o this_o case_n possession_n be_v a_o good_a title_n against_o all_o other_o but_o it_o may_v have_v be_v otherwise_o in_o replevin_n the_o title_n of_o the_o close_a be_v not_o in_o question_n 10._o cro._n car._n 138._o yelv._n 74._o cro._n car._n 571._o pl._n 10._o the_o possession_n be_v only_o a_o inducement_n to_o the_o plea_n and_o not_o the_o substance_n thereof_o which_o be_v the_o take_n of_o the_o horse_n and_o the_o law_n be_v plain_a that_o where_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o land_n be_v not_o in_o question_n a_o man_n may_v justify_v upon_o his_o own_o possession_n against_o a_o wrongdoer_n mr._n pollexfen_v on_o the_o other_o side_n allege_v that_o damage_n fesant_n will_v bring_v the_o title_n of_o the_o land_n in_o question_n but_o the_o court_n give_v judgement_n for_o the_o defendant_n perkins_n versus_fw-la titus_n a_o writ_n of_o error_n be_v bring_v to_o reverse_v a_o judgement_n give_v in_o the_o common-plea_n certain_a fine_a upon_o a_o admittance_n where_o it_o must_v be_v certain_a in_o replevin_n for_o take_v of_o the_o plaintiff_n sheep_n the_o defendant_n avow_v the_o take_a damage_n fesant_n the_o plaintiff_n reply_v that_o the_o land_n where_o etc._n etc._n be_v copyhold_n hold_v of_o the_o manor_n of_o bushy_n in_o com._n hertf._n the_o custom_n whereof_o be_v that_o every_o tenant_n of_o the_o say_a manor_n qui_fw-la admissus_fw-la foret_fw-la to_o any_o copyhold_n estate_n shall_v pay_v a_o year_n value_v of_o the_o land_n for_o a_o fine_a as_o the_o say_a land_n be_v worth_a tempore_fw-la admissionis_fw-la and_o upon_o a_o demurrer_n the_o question_n be_v 1._o whether_o this_o be_v a_o good_a plea_n or_o not_o as_o it_o be_v plead_v 2._o if_o it_o be_v good_a as_o plead_v then_o whether_o such_o a_o custom_n may_v be_v support_v by_o law_n 1._o it_o be_v for_o the_o plaintiff_n in_o the_o writ_n of_o error_n now_o and_o in_o michaelmas_n term_n follow_v argue_v that_o it_o be_v not_o a_o good_a custom_n the_o substance_n of_o who_o argument_n be_v that_o fine_n be_v either_o certain_a or_o incertain_a those_o which_o be_v incertain_a be_v arbitrary_a and_o therefore_o can_v be_v due_a of_o common_a right_n nor_o by_o custom_n for_o there_o can_v be_v no_o custom_n for_o a_o incertain_a fine_a and_o such_o be_v this_o fine_a for_o the_o value_n of_o the_o land_n can_v be_v know_v because_o as_o this_o custom_n be_v plead_v it_o do_v not_o appear_v whether_o it_o shall_v be_v a_o year_n value_v past_a or_o to_o come_v at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o admittance_n of_o the_o tenant_n a_o custom_n to_o assess_v rationabilem_fw-la denariorum_fw-la summam_fw-la for_o a_o fine_a upon_o a_o admittance_n that_o be_v to_o say_v 1._o 13_o rep._n 1._o be_v two_o year_n rend_v of_o a_o tenant_n of_o the_o yearly_a value_n of_o 53_o s._n 4_o d._n be_v no_o good_a custom_n a_o lease_n be_v make_v for_o so_o many_o year_n as_o a_o three_o person_n shall_v name_v this_o be_v altogether_o incertain_a 273._o 13_o edw._n 3._o fitz._n abr._n 273._o but_o when_o the_o term_n be_v name_v then_o it_o be_v a_o good_a lease_n but_o this_o can_v be_v do_v but_o once_o how_o can_v this_o fine_a be_v assess_v it_o can_v be_v by_o jury_n for_o than_o it_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o the_o common_a law_n and_o will_v be_v therefore_o void_a for_o a_o custom_n must_v have_v nothing_o to_o support_v it_o but_o usage_n 1._o neither_o can_v this_o be_v a_o good_a custom_n as_o it_o be_v plead_v because_o all_o custom_n be_v make_v up_o of_o repeat_v act_n and_o usage_n and_o therefore_o in_o plead_v they_o it_o must_v be_v lay_v time_n out_o of_o mind_n which_o be_v not_o do_v here_o for_o admissus_fw-la foret_fw-la have_v a_o respect_n to_o future_a admission_n and_o be_v not_o to_o those_o which_o be_v past_a 2._o here_o be_v no_o time_n lay_v when_o this_o fine_a shall_v be_v pay_v for_o it_o be_v say_a quilibet_fw-la tenens_fw-la qui_fw-la admissus_fw-la foret_fw-la etc._n etc._n soluet_fw-la tantam_fw-la denariorum_fw-la summam_fw-la quantum_fw-la terra_fw-la valebat_fw-la per_fw-la annum_fw-la tempore_fw-la admissionis_fw-la etc._n etc._n which_o last_o word_n must_v be_v take_v to_o relate_v to_o the_o value_n of_o the_o land_n and_o not_o to_o the_o time_n when_o the_o fine_a shall_v be_v pay_v so_o that_o if_o there_o be_v such_o a_o custom_n which_o be_v lex_fw-la loci_fw-la and_o not_o full_o set_v forth_o and_o express_v the_o common_a law_n will_v not_o help_v it_o by_o any_o construction_n 2._o point_n whether_o such_o a_o custom_n can_v be_v good_a by_o law_n and_o they_o argue_v that_o it_o can_v where_o the_o fine_a be_v certain_a the_o lord_n may_v refuse_v to_o admit_v without_o a_o tender_a of_o it_o upon_o the_o prayer_n of_o the_o person_n to_o be_v admit_v b._n 4_o rep._n 27._o b._n but_o where_o it_o be_v incertain_a the_o lord_n be_v first_o to_o admit_v the_o tenant_n and_o then_o to_o set_v the_o fine_a the_o reasonableness_n whereof_o be_v to_o be_v determine_v by_o judge_n before_o who_o the_o case_n shall_v depend_v or_o upon_o demurrer_n or_o by_o a_o jury_n upon_o proof_n of_o the_o yearly_a value_n of_o the_o land_n but_o for_o non_fw-fr payment_n of_o a_o unreasonable_a fine_a the_o lord_n can_v enter_v 196._o cro._n eliz._n 779._o cro._n car._n 196._o the_o law_n admit_v of_o no_o custom_n to_o be_v good_a but_o such_o as_o be_v very_o certain_a for_o incertainty_n in_o a_o custom_n as_o well_o as_o in_o a_o grant_n make_v both_o void_a and_o therefore_o it_o be_v hold_v a_o void_a custom_n for_o a_o infant_n to_o make_v a_o feoffment_n when_o he_o can_v measure_v a_o ell_n of_o cloth_n 37._o rol._n abr._n 565._o 6_o rep._n 60._o davies_n rep._n 37._o it_o may_v be_v object_v that_o certum_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la certum_fw-la reddi_fw-la potest_fw-la the_o meaning_n of_o which_o saying_n must_v be_v quod_fw-la certum_fw-la reddi_fw-la potest_fw-la by_o something_o which_o be_v certain_a for_o if_o this_o rule_n shall_v be_v take_v to_o be_v a_o answer_n to_o incertainty_n it_o will_v destroy_v all_o the_o book_n which_o say_v a_o custom_n must_v be_v certain_a the_o law_n be_v very_o clear_a 264._o fitz._n bar._n 177._o 2_o rol._n abr._n 264._o that_o a_o custom_n be_v void_a for_o the_o incertainty_n therefore_o this_o custom_n must_v be_v void_a for_o the_o value_n of_o land_n be_v the_o most_o incertain_a thing_n in_o nature_n and_o therefore_o perjury_n will_v not_o lie_v for_o swear_v to_o the_o value_n sergeant_n fuller_n and_o mr
where_o a_o averment_n may_v be_v make_v of_o another_o person_n so_o as_o it_o consist_v with_o the_o condition_n of_o a_o bond._n in_o which_o bond_n the_o say_v a._n b._n the_o elder_a and_o a._n b._n the_o young_a be_v joint_o and_o several_o bind_v in_o the_o penal_a sum_n of_o 1000_o l._n condition_v that_o if_o the_o above_o bind_v a._n b._n omit_v the_o word_n young_a do_v and_o shall_v forbear_v know_o and_o witting_o to_o come_v to_o or_o write_v letter_n unto_o c._n the_o wife_n of_o d._n that_o then_o the_o obligation_n to_o be_v void_a the_o defendant_n plead_v that_o he_o do_v not_o come_v to_o or_o write_v letter_n to_o the_o say_v c._o know_o etc._n etc._n the_o plaintiff_n reply_v that_o he_o exhibit_v a_o information_n against_o a._n b._n the_o young_a show_v in_o what_o term_n and_o that_o it_o be_v agree_v between_o they_o that_o in_o consideration_n that_o he_o will_v forbear_v to_o prosecute_v the_o same_o the_o say_v a._n b._n the_o elder_a together_o with_o a._n b._n the_o young_a shall_v become_v bind_v to_o the_o plaintiff_n in_o 1000_o l._n that_o the_o say_v a._n b._n the_o young_a shall_v not_o know_o or_o witting_o come_v into_o the_o company_n etc._n etc._n then_o set_v forth_o the_o bond_n and_o the_o condition_n thereof_o at_o large_a and_o aver_v that_o a._n b._n in_o the_o condition_n mention_v be_v a._n b._n the_o young_a and_o far_o that_o the_o say_v a._n b._n the_o young_a do_v afterward_o know_o come_v into_o the_o company_n etc._n etc._n the_o defendant_n rejoyned_n and_o say_v that_o the_o plaintiff_n ought_v not_o to_o aver_v that_o the_o aforesaid_a a._n b._n the_o young_a be_v the_o person_n in_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o say_a bond_n etc._n etc._n and_o upon_o a_o demurrer_n the_o question_n be_v whether_o the_o plaintiff_n be_v estop_v by_o the_o word_n in_o the_o condition_n to_o make_v such_o a_o averment_n it_o be_v argue_v for_o the_o plaintiff_n that_o he_o may_v make_v such_o a_o averment_n which_o be_v to_o reduce_v a_o thing_n to_o a_o certainty_n which_o be_v very_o incertain_a before_o if_o it_o be_v not_o repugnant_a in_o itself_o nay_o sometime_o a_o averment_n do_v reduce_v contradictory_n thing_n to_o a_o certainty_n it_o be_v plain_a that_o a._n b._n the_o young_a be_v bind_v in_o this_o bond_n the_o objection_n be_v that_o a._n b._n the_o elder_a be_v of_o the_o name_n and_o be_v likewise_o bind_v that_o the_o condition_n may_v refer_v to_o either_o it_o be_v agree_v there_o be_v many_o case_n where_o a_o man_n shall_v be_v estop_v to_o aver_v against_o a_o record_n but_o this_o averment_n be_v not_o contradictory_n to_o any_o thing_n in_o the_o record_n for_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o plead_n that_o the_o information_n be_v prosecute_v against_o a._n b._n the_o young_a and_o therefore_o he_o must_v be_v intend_v to_o be_v bind_v not_o to_o come_v to_o the_o say_v c._o know_o etc._n etc._n if_o a_o estate_n shall_v be_v devise_v to_o a._n and_o the_o name_n of_o the_o testator_n omit_v in_o the_o will_n 35._o 2_o leon._n 35._o yet_o the_o devise_n be_v good_a by_o aver_v of_o the_o name_n and_o by_o proof_n that_o it_o be_v his_o intention_n to_o give_v it_o he_o by_o his_o will._n so_o if_o the_o plaintiff_n shall_v claim_v a_o title_n under_o the_o grant_n of_o such_o a_o person_n knight_n and_o the_o jury_n find_v he_o be_v a_o esquire_n 223._o lit._n rep._n 181_o 223._o but_o that_o the_o knight_n and_o the_o esquire_n be_v both_o the_o same_o person_n this_o be_v a_o good_a declaration_n it_o be_v usual_a to_o make_v a_o allegation_n even_o against_o the_o express_a word_n of_o a_o condition_n to_o show_v the_o truth_n of_o a_o agreement_n 501._o cro._n car._n 501._o as_o if_o debt_n be_v bring_v upon_o a_o bond_n of_o 100_o l._n condition_v to_o pay_v 50_o l._n within_o six_o month_n the_o defendant_n plead_v the_o statute_n of_o usury_n the_o plaintiff_n reply_v that_o he_o lend_v the_o money_n for_o a_o year_n and_o allege_v that_o by_o the_o mistake_n of_o the_o scrivener_n the_o bond_n be_v make_v paiable_a in_o six_o month_n the_o defendant_n rejoyn_v that_o it_o be_v lend_v for_o six_o month_n only_o and_o upon_o a_o demurrer_n this_o be_v adjudge_v to_o be_v a_o good_a allegation_n though_o it_o be_v against_o the_o very_a word_n of_o the_o condition_n which_o be_v a_o strong_a case_n than_o this_o at_o the_o bar_n because_o the_o averment_n consist_v with_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o bond._n if_o a_o man_n shall_v levy_v a_o fine_a and_o declare_v the_o use_v thereof_o to_o his_o son_n william_n and_o he_o have_v two_o son_n of_o that_o name_n 146._o 4_o co._n 71._o 8_o co._n 155._o a._n dyer_n 146._o than_o a_o averment_n be_v make_v that_o he_o intend_v to_o declare_v the_o use_v to_o his_o young_a son_n of_o that_o name_n this_o averment_n out_o of_o the_o fine_a have_v be_v adjudge_v good_a for_o the_o same_o reason_n give_v already_o which_o be_v because_o it_o stand_v with_o the_o word_n thereof_o and_o it_o be_v a_o good_a issue_n to_o be_v try_v it_o can_v be_v object_v that_o the_o bond_n be_v illegal_a be_v enter_v into_o for_o the_o not_o prosecute_n of_o a_o information_n because_o a_o nolle_n prosequi_fw-la be_v enter_v as_o to_o that_o matter_n so_o it_o be_v the_o act_n of_o the_o court._n last_o it_o be_v say_v that_o every_o estoppel_n must_v be_v certain_a to_o every_o intent_n which_o can_v be_v in_o this_o case_n for_o by_o the_o word_n of_o this_o condition_n it_o be_v incertain_a which_o of_o the_o obligor_n shall_v be_v intend_v e_o contra_fw-la it_o be_v argue_v that_o a_o estoppel_n be_v as_o well_o intend_v by_o law_n as_o express_v by_o word_n that_o if_o a_o averment_n can_v be_v take_v yet_o this_o be_v not_o well_o because_o the_o plaintiff_n have_v absolute_o aver_v that_o a._n b._n in_o the_o condition_n be_v a._n b._n the_o young_a he_o shall_v have_v say_v that_o a._n b._n in_o the_o condition_n be_v intend_v a._n b._n the_o young_a which_o may_v have_v be_v traverse_v and_o issue_n take_v thereon_o no_o judgement_n be_v give_v for_o this_o case_n be_v end_v by_o compromise_n hoil_n versus_fw-la clerk_n in_o the_o common-plea_n this_o be_v a_o special_a verdict_n in_o ejectment_n for_o land_n in_o wetherfield_n former_a a_o subsequent_a will_n though_o not_o make_v pursuant_n to_o the_o statute_n be_v a_o revocation_n of_o a_o former_a in_o the_o county_n of_o essex_n upon_o the_o demise_n of_o abigail_n pheasant_n the_o jury_n find_v that_o one_o john_n clark_n be_v seize_v in_o fee_n of_o the_o land_n in_o question_n who_o by_o his_o last_o will_n in_o writing_n bear_v date_n the_o 14_o day_n of_o september_n in_o the_o year_n 1666._o devise_v the_o same_o to_o benjamin_n clark_n for_o life_n so_o to_o his_o first_o and_o second_o son_n etc._n etc._n in_o tail_n male_a and_o for_o default_n of_o such_o issue_n then_o to_o his_o two_o sister_n for_o life_n remainder_n over_o etc._n etc._n this_o will_n be_v attest_v by_o one_o witness_n only_o they_o find_v that_o the_o say_v john_n clark_n make_v another_o date_v the_o six_o day_n of_o february_n 1672._o which_o be_v 13_o year_n after_o the_o make_n of_o his_o first_o will_n and_o that_o by_o this_o last_o will_v he_o revoke_v all_o former_a will_n and_o testament_n by_o he_o make_v they_o find_v a_o endorsement_n on_o this_o will_n write_v by_o the_o testator_n himself_o in_o these_o word_n viz._n my_o will_n and_o testament_n date_v the_o 6_o of_o february_n 1679._o and_o then_o publish_v by_o i_o in_o the_o presence_n of_o three_o witness_n they_o find_v that_o this_o last_o will_n be_v so_o publish_v and_o attest_v by_o three_o witness_n in_o his_o presence_n but_o that_o it_o be_v not_o sign_v by_o the_o testator_n in_o their_o presence_n they_o find_v that_o benjamin_n clark_n enter_v and_o devise_v the_o land_n to_o mary_n micklethwaite_n who_o make_v a_o lease_n thereof_o to_o the_o plaintiff_n for_o three_o year_n upon_o who_o the_o defendant_n enter_v this_o case_n be_v argue_v at_o the_o bar_n and_o in_o this_o term_n at_o the_o bench_n seriatim_o the_o single_a question_n be_v 3._o 29_o car._n 2._o cap._n 3._o whether_o this_o last_o will_n not_o be_v due_o execute_v according_a to_o the_o statute_n be_v a_o revocation_n of_o the_o first_o will_n or_o not_o it_o be_v admit_v by_o all_o that_o it_o be_v a_o good_a will_n to_o pass_v the_o personal_a estate_n but_o as_o to_o the_o point_n of_o revocation_n the_o court_n be_v divide_v justice_n lutwitch_n argue_v that_o it_o be_v not_o a_o revocation_n he_o agree_v that_o if_o the_o last_o will_n have_v any_o respect_n to_o the_o first_o it_o must_v be_v as_o a_o
etc._n indebitatus_fw-la ass_n will_v lie_v for_o a_o fine_a upon_o a_o admission_n etc._n etc._n that_o a_o fine_a be_v due_a to_o he_o for_o a_o admission_n that_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o the_o say_a lord_n the_o manor_n descend_v to_o w._n as_o his_o son_n and_o heir_n who_o die_v and_o the_o plaintiff_n as_o executor_n to_o the_o heir_n bring_v a_o indebitatus_fw-la assumpsit_fw-la for_o this_o fine_a he_o declare_v also_o that_o the_o defendant_n be_v indebt_v to_o he_o in_o 25_o l._n for_o a_o reasonable_a fine_a etc._n etc._n the_o plaintiff_n have_v a_o verdict_n and_o entire_a damage_n and_o it_o be_v now_o move_v in_o arrest_n of_o judgement_n that_o a_o indebitatus_fw-la will_v not_o lie_v for_o a_o customary_a fine_a because_o it_o do_v not_o arise_v upon_o any_o contract_n of_o the_o party_n but_o upon_o the_o tenure_n of_o the_o land_n for_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o the_o lord_n there_o be_v a_o relief_n pay_v for_o there_o must_v be_v some_o personal_a contract_n to_o maintain_v a_o action_n of_o debt_n or_o a_o indebitatus_fw-la assumpsit_fw-la 339._o 2_o cro._n 599._o jones_n 339._o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v hold_v that_o where_o the_o plaintiff_n locasset_fw-la a_o warehouse_n to_o the_o defendant_n he_o promise_v to_o pay_v 8_o s._n per_fw-la week_n an_fw-mi assumpsit_fw-la be_v bring_v for_o this_o rent_n and_o a_o verdict_n for_o the_o plaintiff_n and_o a_o motion_n be_v make_v in_o arrest_n of_o judgement_n that_o this_o be_v a_o lease_n at_o will_n and_o the_o weekly_a payment_n be_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o rent_n and_o it_o be_v agree_v that_o a_o assumpsit_fw-la will_v not_o lie_v for_o a_o rent_n reserve_v because_o it_o sound_v in_o the_o realty_n but_o because_o it_o be_v only_o a_o promise_n in_o consideration_n of_o the_o occupy_v of_o the_o warehouse_n the_o action_n be_v hold_v to_o be_v well_o bring_v 2._o where_o the_o cause_n of_o a_o action_n be_v not_o ground_v upon_o a_o contract_n but_o upon_o some_o special_a matter_n there_o a_o indebitatus_fw-la assumpsit_fw-la will_v not_o lie_v and_o therefore_o it_o will_v not_o lie_v upon_o a_o bill_n of_o exchange_n or_o upon_o a_o award_n or_o for_o rent_n though_o there_o be_v a_o privity_n both_o of_o contract_n and_o estate_n without_o a_o special_a assumpsit_fw-la e_o contra_fw-la contra_fw-la e_o contra_fw-la it_o be_v argue_v that_o the_o action_n lie_v for_o though_o a_o fine_a savour_n of_o the_o realty_n yet_o it_o be_v a_o certain_a duty_n in_o all_o case_n where_o debt_n will_v lie_v upon_o a_o simple_a contract_n there_o a_o assumpsit_fw-la will_v lie_v likewise_o it_o be_v true_a this_o do_v concern_v the_o inheritance_n but_o yet_o it_o be_v a_o contract_n that_o the_o tenant_n shall_v be_v admit_v pay_v the_o fine_a it_o have_v be_v also_o maintain_v for_o money_n have_v and_o receive_v out_o of_o the_o office_n of_o register_n for_o the_o plaintiff_n use_v and_o for_o scavage_a money_n due_a to_o the_o mayor_n and_o commonalty_n of_o london_n 677._o 3_o keb._n 677._o which_o be_v also_o a_o inheritance_n it_o be_v a_o contract_n employ_v by_o law_n and_o therefore_o the_o action_n be_v well_o bring_v afterward_o in_o michaelmas_n term_n 1_o willielmi_n &_o mariae_fw-la by_o the_o opinion_n of_o justice_n dolben_n 79._o 2_o leon._n 79._o eyre_n and_o gregory_n judgement_n be_v give_v for_o the_o plaintiff_n but_o the_o chief_a justice_n be_v of_o another_o opinion_n for_o he_o hold_v that_o if_o the_o defendant_n have_v die_v indebt_v to_o another_o by_o bond_n and_o have_v not_o asset_n beside_o what_o will_v fatisfie_v this_o fine_a if_o the_o executor_n have_v pay_v it_o to_o the_o plaintiff_n it_o will_v have_v be_v a_o devastavit_fw-la in_o he_o suppose_v the_o defendant_n promise_v that_o in_o consideration_n that_o the_o plaintiff_n will_v demise_n to_o he_o certain_a land_n that_o then_o he_o will_v pay_v the_o rent_n if_o the_o defendant_n plead_v non_fw-la assumpsit_fw-la symonds_n cro._n car._n acton_n versus_fw-la symonds_n the_o plaintiff_n must_v prove_v a_o express_a promise_n or_o be_v non_fw-fr suit_n also_o here_o be_v no_o tenure_n or_o custom_n set_v out_o yet_o by_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o other_o three_o justice_n the_o plaintiff_n have_v his_o judgement_n rex_fw-la versus_fw-la johnson_n information_n upon_o the_o statute_n of_o 29_o &_o 30_o car._n 2._o cap._n 1._o forfeiture_n pardon_v after_o a_o verdict_n for_o the_o king_n excuse_v the_o forfeiture_n prohibit_v the_o importation_n of_o several_a french_a commodity_n and_o among_o the_o rest_n lace_n under_o the_o penalty_n of_o 100_o l._n to_o be_v pay_v by_o the_o importer_n and_o 50_o l._n by_o the_o vendor_n and_o the_o good_n to_o be_v forfeit_v the_o information_n set_v forth_o that_o a_o packet_n contain_v so_o many_o yard_n of_o lace_n be_v import_v by_o the_o defendant_n from_o france_n and_o that_o he_o do_v conceal_v it_o to_o hinder_v the_o seizure_n and_o that_o he_o do_v private_o sell_v it_o contra_fw-la formam_fw-la statuti_fw-la upon_o not-guilty_a plead_v the_o king_n have_v a_o verdict_n and_o on_o the_o 2d_o of_o october_n there_o come_v forth_o a_o general_a pardon_n in_o which_o be_v these_o word_n viz._n that_o the_o subject_n shall_v not_o be_v sue_v or_o vex_v etc._n etc._n in_o their_o body_n good_n or_o chattel_n land_n or_o tenement_n for_o any_o matter_n cause_n or_o contempt_n misdemeanour_n forfeiture_n offence_n or_o any_o other_o thing_n heretofore_o do_v commit_v or_o omit_v against_o we_o except_o all_o concealment_n fraud_n corruption_n misdemanour_n and_o offence_n whereby_o we_o or_o our_o late_a brother_n have_v be_v deceive_v in_o the_o collection_n payment_n or_o answer_v of_o our_o revenue_n or_o any_o part_n thereof_o or_o any_o other_o money_n due_a or_o to_o be_v due_a to_o we_o or_o receive_v for_o we_o or_o he_o and_o all_o forfeiture_n penalty_n and_o nomine_fw-la poena_n thereupon_o arise_v and_o all_o indictment_n and_o information_n or_o other_o process_n and_o proceed_n now_o depend_v or_o to_o be_v depend_v thereupon_o the_o question_n now_o be_v whether_o this_o forfeiture_n be_v excuse_v by_o this_o pardon_n the_o attorney_n general_n argue_v that_o it_o be_v not_o because_o a_o interest_n be_v vest_v in_o the_o king_n by_o the_o judgement_n and_o that_o no_o particular_a or_o general_a pardon_n shall_v divest_v it_o without_o word_n of_o restitution_n so_o be_v tooms_n case_n who_o have_v judgement_n against_o another_o 361._o 1_o sand._n 361._o and_o then_o become_v felo_fw-la de_fw-la se_fw-la his_o administrator_n bring_v a_o scire_fw-la facias_fw-la quare_fw-la executionem_fw-la non_fw-la haberet_fw-la the_o debtor_n plead_v that_o after_o the_o judgement_n the_o intestate_a hang_v himself_o which_o be_v find_v by_o the_o coroner_n enquest_n return_v into_o this_o court._n the_o plaintiff_n reply_v the_o act_n of_o pardon_n but_o it_o be_v adjudge_v for_o the_o defendant_n for_o when_o the_o inquisition_n be_v return_v than_o the_o debt_n be_v vest_v in_o the_o king_n which_o can_v not_o be_v divest_v without_o particular_a word_n of_o restitution_n and_o which_o be_v want_v in_o that_o act_n of_o pardon_n the_o most_o proper_a word_n in_o the_o body_n of_o this_o pardon_n which_o seem_v to_o excuse_v the_o defendant_n be_v the_o word_n offence_n but_o the_o same_o word_n be_v likewise_o in_o the_o exception_n viz._n except_o all_o offence_n etc._n etc._n in_o collect_v or_o pay_v of_o money_n due_a to_o we_o and_o all_o forfeiture_n etc._n etc._n now_o the_o conceal_n of_o forfeit_a good_n from_o seizure_n be_v a_o offence_n except_v for_o it_o be_v a_o remedy_n for_o the_o king_n duty_n of_o which_o he_o be_v hinder_v by_o the_o concealment_n it_o be_v true_a the_o first_o part_n of_o the_o pardon_n excuse_v all_o misdemeanour_n comit_v against_o the_o king_n in_o his_o stand_a revenue_n but_o this_o exception_n take_v in_o all_o concealment_n and_o fraud_n in_o answer_v of_o the_o revenue_n and_o this_o information_n be_v principal_o ground_v upon_o fraud_n 56._o 5_o co._n 56._o so_o that_o the_o exception_n ought_v to_o be_v take_v as_o large_o for_o the_o king_n as_o the_o pardon_n itself_o to_o discharge_v the_o subject_a no_o fraud_n tend_v to_o the_o diminution_n of_o the_o revenue_n be_v pardon_v for_o it_o except_v not_o only_o all_o concealment_n in_o collect_v the_o revenue_n but_o other_o money_n due_a or_o to_o be_v due_a to_o the_o king_n if_o therefore_o when_o the_o king_n be_v entitle_v by_o inquisition_n office_n or_o record_n there_o must_v be_v express_a and_o not_o general_a word_n to_o pardon_v it_o and_o since_o this_o fact_n be_v commit_v before_o the_o pardon_n come_v out_o and_o so_o find_v by_o the_o jury_n who_o verdict_n be_v of_o more_o value_n than_o a_o enquest_n of_o office_n so_o that_o the_o king_n by_o this_o mean_n be_v entitle_v to_o the_o good_n by_o record_n
so_o his_o son_n be_v just_o and_o right_o sue_v as_o son_n and_o heir_n in_o some_o case_n the_o person_n be_v to_o be_v name_v not_o by_o way_n of_o a_o title_n but_o as_o a_o pedigree_n as_o if_o there_o be_v tenant_n for_o life_n the_o reversion_n in_o fee_n to_o a_o idiot_n and_o a_o uncle_n who_o be_v right_a heir_n to_o the_o idiot_n levy_v a_o fine_a and_o die_v live_v the_o idiot_n leave_v issue_n a_o son_n name_v john_n who_o have_v issue_n william_n who_o enter_v the_o question_n be_v whether_o the_o issue_n of_o the_o uncle_n shall_v be_v bar_v by_o this_o fine_a it_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o two_o judge_n that_o they_o be_v not_o bar_v because_o the_o uncle_n die_v in_o the_o life-time_n of_o the_o idiot_n and_o nothing_o attach_v in_o he_o 524._o march_n 94._o cro._n car._n 524._o and_o because_o the_o issue_n claim_n in_o a_o collateral_a line_n and_o do_v not_o name_v the_o father_n by_o way_n of_o title_n but_o by_o way_n of_o pedigree_n but_o justice_n jones_n who_o have_v true_o report_a the_o case_n 456._o jones_n 456._o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o issue_n of_o the_o uncle_n be_v bar_v because_o the_o son_n must_v make_v his_o conveyance_n from_o the_o father_n by_o way_n of_o title_n the_o jury_n have_v find_v that_o the_o reversion_n do_v descend_v to_o the_o defendant_n as_o heir_n to_o the_o last_o john_n it_o be_v true_a it_o descend_v as_o a_o reversion_n but_o that_o shall_v not_o charge_v he_o as_o heir_n to_o the_o father_n cro._n jenk_n case_n 1_o cro._n for_o the_o other_o be_v seize_v of_o the_o estate_n tail_n which_o be_v now_o spend_v and_o the_o last_o who_o be_v seize_v of_o the_o fee_n be_v the_o father_n and_o so_o the_o defendant_n must_v be_v charge_v as_o his_o heir_n it_o be_v likewise_o true_a that_o where_o there_o be_v a_o actual_a seisin_n you_o must_v charge_v all_o but_o in_o this_o case_n there_o be_v nothing_o but_o a_o reversion_n tremaine_n sergeant_n for_o the_o defendant_n in_o this_o case_n the_o plaintiff_n shall_v have_v make_v a_o special_a declaration_n for_o the_o estate-tail_n and_o the_o reversion_n in_o fee_n be_v distinct_a and_o separate_a estate_n john_n the_o nephew_n may_v have_v sell_v the_o reversion_n and_o keep_v the_o estate_n tail_n if_o he_o have_v acknowledge_v a_o statute_n or_o judgement_n it_o may_v have_v be_v extend_v and_o if_o so_o than_o he_o have_v such_o a_o seisin_n that_o he_o ought_v to_o have_v be_v name_v a_o man_n become_v bind_v in_o a_o bond_n and_o die_v debt_n be_v bring_v against_o the_o heir_n it_o be_v not_o common_a to_o say_v that_o he_o have_v nothing_o by_o descent_n but_o only_o a_o reversion_n expectant_a upon_o a_o estate_n tayl._n in_o the_o case_n of_o chapel_n and_o lee_n covenant_n be_v bring_v in_o the_o common-plea_n against_o judith_n daughter_n and_o heir_n of_o robert_n rudge_n she_o plead_v riens_fw-la per_fw-la descent_n issue_n be_v join_v before_o sir_n francis_n north_n then_o chief_a justice_n and_o it_o appear_v upon_o evidence_n that_o robert_n have_v a_o son_n name_v robert_n who_o die_v without_o issue_n a_o case_n be_v make_v of_o it_o and_o judgement_n be_v give_v for_o the_o defendant_n the_o plaintiff_n take_v out_o a_o new_a original_a and_o then_o the_o land_n be_v sell_v so_o the_o plaintiff_n lose_v his_o debt_n adjornatur_fw-la afterward_o in_o hillary_n term_n a_o gulielmi_n &_o mariae_fw-la judgement_n be_v give_v for_o the_o plaintiff_n by_o the_o opinion_n of_o three_o justice_n against_o justice_n eyre_n who_o argue_v that_o the_o defendant_n can_v be_v charge_v as_o immediate_a heir_n to_o his_o father_n it_o be_v true_a the_o land_n be_v asset_n in_o his_o hand_n and_o he_o may_v be_v charge_v by_o a_o special_a declaration_n 460._o dyer_n 368._o pl._n 460._o in_o this_o case_n the_o intermediate_v heir_n have_v a_o reversion_n in_o fee_n which_o they_o may_v have_v charge_v either_o by_o statute_n judgement_n or_o recognizance_n they_o be_v so_o seize_v that_o if_o a_o writ_n of_o right_o have_v be_v bring_v against_o they_o they_o may_v have_v join_v the_o mouse_n upon_o the_o mere_a right_n which_o prove_v they_o have_v a_o fee_n and_o though_o it_o be_v expectant_a on_o a_o estate_n tail_n case_n 3_o co._n 42._o ratcliff_n case_n yet_o the_o defendant_n claim_v the_o reversion_n as_o heir_n aught_o to_o make_v himself_o so_o to_o he_o who_o make_v the_o gift_n the_o person_n who_o bring_v a_o formeden_n in_o descend_a must_v name_v every_o one_o to_o who_o any_o right_n do_v descend_v 375._o 8_o co._n 88_o f.n.b._n 220._o c._n rast_n ent._n 375._o otherwise_o the_o writ_n will_v abate_v a_o man_n who_o be_v sue_v as_o heir_n or_o who_o entitle_v himself_o as_o such_o must_v show_v how_o heir_n the_o case_n of_o duke_n and_o spring_n be_v much_o strong_a than_o this_o 161._o 2_o rol._n abr._n 709._o 2_o cro._n 161._o for_o there_o debt_n be_v bring_v against_o the_o daughter_n as_o heir_n of_o b._n she_o plead_v riens_fw-la per_fw-la descent_n and_o the_o jury_n find_v that_o b._n die_v seize_v in_o fee_n leave_v issue_n the_o defendant_n and_o his_o wife_n then_o with_o child_n who_o be_v afterward_o deliver_v of_o a_o son_n who_o die_v within_o a_o hour_n and_o it_o be_v adjudge_v against_o the_o plaintiff_n because_o he_o declare_v against_o the_o defendant_n as_o daughter_n and_o heir_n of_o the_o father_n when_o she_o be_v sister_n and_o heir_n of_o the_o brother_n who_o be_v last_o seize_v but_o the_o other_o three_o judge_n be_v of_o a_o contrary_a opinion_n the_o question_n be_v not_o whether_o the_o defendant_n be_v liable_a to_o this_o debt_n but_o whether_o he_o be_v proper_o charge_v as_o heir_n to_o his_o father_n or_o whether_o he_o shall_v have_v be_v charge_v as_o heir_n to_o his_o nephew_n who_o be_v last_o seize_v it_o must_v be_v admit_v that_o if_o the_o land_n have_v descend_v to_o the_o brother_n and_o nephew_n of_o the_o defendant_n in_o fee_n that_o then_o they_o ought_v to_o have_v be_v name_v but_o they_o have_v only_o a_o reversion_n in_o fee_n expectant_a upon_o a_o estate_n tail_n which_o be_v incertain_a and_o therefore_o of_o little_a value_n now_o though_o john_n the_o father_n and_o son_n have_v this_o reversion_n in_o they_o yet_o the_o estate_n tail_n be_v know_v only_o to_o those_o who_o be_v party_n to_o the_o settlement_n it_o be_v not_o the_o reversion_n in_o fee_n 4._o bro._n fit_n descent_n pl._n 30.37_o ass_n pl._n 4._o but_o the_o possession_n which_o make_v the_o party_n inheritable_a and_o therefore_o if_o land_n be_v give_v to_o husband_n and_o wife_n in_o tail_n the_o remainder_n to_o the_o right_a heir_n of_o the_o husband_n then_o they_o have_v a_o son_n and_o the_o wife_n die_v and_o the_o husband_n have_v a_o son_n by_o a_o second_o venture_n and_o die_v the_o elder_a son_n enter_v and_o die_v without_o issue_n and_o his_o uncle_n claim_v the_o land_n against_o the_o second_o son_n but_o be_v bar_v because_o he_o have_v not_o the_o remainder_n in_o fee_n in_o possession_n and_o yet_o he_o may_v have_v sell_v or_o forfeit_v it_o but_o here_o the_o reversion_n in_o fee_n be_v now_o come_v into_o possession_n and_o the_o defendant_n have_v the_o land_n as_o heir_n to_o his_o father_n it_o be_v asset_n only_a in_o he_o and_o be_v not_o so_o either_o in_o his_o brother_n or_o nephew_n who_o be_v neither_o of_o they_o chargeable_a because_o a_o reversion_n expectant_a upon_o a_o estate_n tail_n be_v not_o asset_n judgement_n be_v give_v for_o the_o plaintiff_n de_fw-fr term._n sancti_fw-la mich._n anno_fw-la 1_o gulielmi_n &_o mariae_fw-la regis_fw-la &_o reginae_fw-la in_o banco_n regis_fw-la 1689._o young_a versus_fw-la inhabitant_n de_fw-la tottenham_n a_o action_n be_v bring_v against_o the_o hundred_o for_o a_o robbery_n in_o which_o the_o plaintiff_n declare_v that_o he_o be_v robe_v apud_fw-la quendam_fw-la locum_fw-la prope_fw-la fair_a mile_n gate_n in_o such_o a_o parish_n he_o have_v a_o verdict_n and_o now_o sergeant_n tremaine_n move_v in_o arrest_n of_o judgement_n and_o the_o exception_n take_v be_v these_o viz._n 1._o that_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v that_o the_o parish_n mention_v in_o the_o declaration_n be_v in_o the_o hundred_o 2._o neither_o do_v it_o appear_v that_o the_o robbery_n be_v commit_v in_o the_o highway_n 3._o the_o plaintiff_n have_v not_o allege_v that_o it_o be_v do_v in_o the_o day_n time_n for_o if_o it_o be_v not_o the_o hundred_o be_v not_o liable_a by_o law_n but_o these_o exception_n be_v all_o disallow_v because_o it_o be_v after_o a_o verdict_n the_o court_n will_v suppose_v that_o there_o be_v evidence_n give_v of_o these_o matter_n at_o the_o trial_n so_o the_o plaintiff_n have_v his_o judgement_n eggleston_n &_o al'_n versus_fw-la speke_n alius_fw-la petit._n
cattle_n to_o be_v his_o own_o sciens_fw-la the_o same_o to_o be_v the_o good_n of_o another_o or_o that_o he_o sell_v they_o to_o the_o plaintiff_n fraudulenter_n &_o deceptive_a or_o that_o there_o be_v any_o warranty_n for_o this_o action_n will_v not_o lie_v upon_o a_o bare_a communication_n but_o notwithstanding_o these_o exception_n the_o plaintiff_n have_v his_o judgement_n it_o may_v have_v be_v good_a upon_o demurrer_n but_o after_o verdict_n it_o be_v well_o enough_o lea_n versus_fw-la libb_z in_o ejectione_n firmae_fw-la for_o land_n in_o hampshire_n itself_o two_o witness_n to_o a_o will_n and_o two_o to_o a_o codicil_n one_o whereof_o be_v a_o witness_n to_o the_o will_n these_o be_v not_o three_o witness_n to_o the_o will_n itself_o the_o jury_n find_v a_o special_a verdict_n the_o substance_n of_o which_o be_v this_o viz._n that_o the_o lessor_n of_o the_o plaintiff_n be_v heir_n at_o law_n to_o one_o john_n denham_n his_o ancestor_n who_o be_v seize_v in_o fee_n of_o the_o land_n in_o question_n do_v by_o will_n bear_v date_n the_o 28_o day_n of_o january_n in_o the_o year_n 1678._o devise_v the_o same_o to_o the_o defendant_n which_o he_o subscribe_v and_o publish_v in_o the_o presence_n of_o two_o witness_n and_o they_o likewise_o attest_v it_o in_o his_o presence_n they_o find_v that_o on_o the_o 29_o day_n of_o december_n 1679._o he_o make_v another_o will_n or_o codicil_n in_o write_v recite_v that_o he_o have_v make_v a_o former_a will_n and_o confirm_v the_o same_o except_z what_o be_v except_v in_o the_o codicil_n and_o declare_v his_o will_n to_o be_v that_o the_o codicil_n shall_v be_v take_v and_o adjudge_v as_o part_v of_o his_o will._n they_o find_v that_o he_o publish_v this_o codicil_n in_o the_o presence_n likewise_o of_o two_o winess_n one_o of_o which_o be_v witness_n to_o the_o first_o will_n bue_v the_o other_o be_v a_o new_a man._n they_o find_v that_o these_o be_v distinct_a write_n etc._n etc._n the_o question_n be_v whether_o this_o be_v a_o good_a will_n attest_v by_o three_o witness_n since_o one_o of_o the_o witness_n to_o the_o codicil_n be_v likewise_o a_o witness_n to_o the_o will_n so_o that_o the_o new_a man_n if_o any_o must_v make_v the_o three_o witness_n sergeant_n thompson_n argue_v that_o it_o be_v not_o a_o good_a will_n the_o clause_n of_o the_o statute_n be_v that_o all_o devise_n of_o land_n shall_v be_v in_o write_v and_o sign_v by_o the_o testator_n in_o the_o presence_n of_o three_o witness_n and_o they_o to_o attest_v it_o in_o his_o presence_n but_o here_o be_v not_o three_o subscribe_v witness_n in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o testator_n so_o that_o the_o first_o will_n must_v be_v void_a for_o one_o of_o the_o witness_n to_o the_o codicil_n do_v never_o see_v that_o will._n beside_o the_o codicil_n be_v not_o the_o same_o thing_n with_o the_o will_n it_o be_v a_o confirmation_n of_o it_o and_o this_o be_v in_o a_o case_n wherein_o a_o heir_n be_v to_o be_v disinherit_v ought_v not_o to_o have_v a_o favourable_a construction_n attorney_n general_n contra_fw-la a_o will_n may_v be_v contain_v in_o several_a write_n and_o yet_o but_o one_o entire_a will._n it_o be_v true_a if_o it_o be_v attest_v only_o by_o two_o witness_n it_o be_v not_o good_a but_o if_o the_o testator_n call_v in_o a_o three_o person_n and_o he_o atte_v that_o individual_a witing_n in_o his_o presence_n this_o be_v a_o good_a will_n though_o the_o witness_n be_v not_o all_o present_a together_o and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n for_o there_o be_v the_o credit_n of_o three_o person_n to_o such_o a_o will_n which_o be_v according_a to_o the_o intent_n of_o the_o statute_n and_o therefore_o it_o can_v be_v object_v that_o these_o be_v distinct_a will_n or_o that_o the_o paper_n be_v not_o annex_v for_o no_o such_o thing_n be_v require_v by_o law_n for_o a_o man_n may_v make_v his_o will_n in_o several_a sheet_n of_o paper_n and_o if_o the_o witness_n subscribe_v the_o last_o sheet_n it_o be_v well_o enough_o or_o if_o he_o do_v put_v up_o all_o the_o sheet_n in_o a_o blank_a piece_n of_o paper_n and_o the_o witness_n attest_v that_o sheet_n it_o be_v a_o good_a will._n in_o these_o case_n the_o intent_n of_o the_o lawmaker_n must_v and_o aught_o to_o be_v chief_o regard_v and_o for_o what_o reason_n and_o purpose_n such_o law_n be_v make_v and_o what_o judgement_n have_v be_v give_v in_o parallel_a case_n if_o a_o man_n grant_v a_o rent-charge_a to_o his_o young_a son_n for_o life_n 117._o 2_o cro._n 144._o noy_n 117._o and_o afterward_o devise_n that_o he_o shall_v have_v the_o rent_n as_o express_v in_o the_o grant_n now_o though_o the_o write_n be_v not_o part_v of_o the_o will_n but_o of_o another_o nature_n yet_o the_o will_n refer_v to_o the_o deed_n be_v a_o good_a devise_n of_o the_o rent-charge_n within_o the_o statute_n of_o wi_n but_o in_o this_o case_n the_o codicil_n be_v part_n of_o the_o will_n it_o be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n and_o be_v make_v animo_fw-la restandi_fw-la the_o end_n of_o the_o statute_n be_v perform_v for_o both_o will_n and_o codicil_n join_v together_o make_v a_o good_a devise_n the_o first_o be_v a_o will_n to_o all_o purpose_n it_o only_o want_v that_o circumstance_n of_o a_o three_o witness_v to_o attest_v it_o which_o the_o testator_n complete_v after_o by_o call_v in_o of_o a_o three_o person_n for_o that_o purpose_n curia_fw-la if_o a_o man_n make_v a_o will_n in_o several_a piece_n of_o paper_n and_o there_o be_v three_o witness_n to_o the_o last_o paper_n and_o none_o of_o they_o do_v ever_o see_v the_o first_o this_o be_v not_o a_o good_a will._n afterward_o in_o hillary-term_n judgement_n be_v give_v that_o this_o be_v not_o a_o good_a will._n tippet_n versus_fw-la hawkey_n tippet_n the_o elder_a and_o his_o son_n covenant_n with_o john_n hawkey_n to_o sell_v and_o convey_v land_n to_o he_o free_a from_o all_o encumbrance_n and_o that_o they_o will_v levy_v a_o fine_a etc._n etc._n and_o deliver_v up_o write_n one_o where_o two_o covenant_n the_o action_n may_v be_v bring_v in_o the_o name_n of_o one_o item_n it_o be_v agree_v between_o the_o party_n that_o the_o say_v hawkey_n shall_v pay_v to_o tippet_n the_o young_a so_o much_o money_n etc._n etc._n the_o action_n be_v bring_v in_o the_o name_n of_o both_o and_o upon_o a_o demurrer_n to_o the_o declaration_n it_o be_v hold_v ill_o for_o the_o duty_n be_v vest_v in_o tipper_n the_o young_a and_o he_o only_o ought_v to_o have_v bring_v this_o action_n judgement_n for_o the_o defendant_n rees_n versus_fw-la phelps_n debt_n upon_o a_o bond_n condition_v for_o performance_n of_o a_o award_n good_a award_v where_o good_a upon_o nullum_fw-la fecerunt_fw-la arbitrium_fw-la plead_v the_o plaintiff_n reply_v and_o show_v a_o award_n that_o the_o defendant_n shall_v pay_v 5_o l._n to_o the_o plaintiff_n present_o and_o give_v bond_n for_o the_o payment_n of_o 10_o l._n more_o on_o the_o 29_o day_n of_o november_n follow_v and_o that_o this_o shall_v be_v for_o and_o towards_o the_o charge_n and_o expense_n in_o and_o about_o certain_a difference_n then_o depend_v between_o the_o party_n and_o that_o they_o shall_v now_o sign_v general_a release_v and_o upon_o a_o demurrer_n it_o be_v argue_v to_o be_v a_o void_a award_n because_o mutual_a release_v be_v then_o to_o be_v give_v which_o will_v discharge_v the_o bond_n payable_a in_o november_n follow_v 260._o 1_o roll._n abr._n 259_o 260._o but_o the_o court_n hold_v it_o to_o be_v good_a for_o the_o release_v shall_v discharge_v such_o matter_n only_o which_o be_v depend_v at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o submission_n godfrey_n &_o al'_n versus_fw-la eversden_n there_o be_v a_o parish_n church_n and_o a_o chapel_n of_o ease_n in_o the_o parish_n of_o hitchen_n church_n prohibition_n deny_v upon_o suggestion_n that_o there_o be_v a_o chapel_n of_o ease_n and_o so_o ought_v not_o to_o repair_v the_o parish_n church_n the_o defendant_n be_v tax_v towards_o the_o repair_v of_o the_o church_n and_o a_o livel_n be_v bring_v against_o he_o for_o the_o refuse_v of_o the_o payment_n of_o that_o tax_n he_o now_o suggest_v that_o there_o be_v a_o chapel_n of_o ease_n in_o the_o same_o parish_n to_o which_o the_o inhabitant_n do_v go_v and_o that_o they_o have_v always_o repair_v that_o chapel_n and_o so_o pray_v a_o prohibition_n but_o sergeant_n tremain_n move_v for_o a_o consultation_n because_o the_o parishioner_n of_o common_a right_a aught_o to_o repair_v the_o church_n and_o though_o there_o be_v a_o chapel_n of_o ease_n in_o the_o same_o parish_n yet_o that_o ought_v not_o to_o excuse_v they_o from_o repair_v of_o the_o mother_n church_n he_o produce_v a_o affidavit_fw-la that_o there_o have_v be_v no_o divine_a service_n there_o for_o
occupant_a and_o let_v the_o land_n to_o the_o plaintiff_n until_o etc._n etc._n et_fw-la hoc_fw-la paratus_fw-la est_fw-la verificare_fw-la the_o defendant_n demur_v to_o this_o replication_n and_o have_v judgement_n the_o matter_n now_o in_o debate_n be_v upon_o exception_n to_o the_o barr._n 1._o for_o want_v of_o a_o traverse_v that_o sir_n peter_n werburton_n be_v seize_v in_o fee_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o take_n etc._n etc._n 2._o for_o want_v of_o a_o sufficient_a title_n allege_v in_o the_o plaintiff_n for_o that_o by_o the_o statue_n of_o fraud_n all_o occupancy_n be_v now_o take_v away_o it_o be_v argue_v that_o the_o replication_n be_v good_a without_o a_o traverse_n 504._o co._n ent._n 504._o for_o where_o the_o plaintiff_n have_v confess_v and_o avoid_v as_o he_o have_v do_v here_o if_o he_o have_v traverse_v likewise_o that_o will_v have_v make_v his_o replication_n double_a he_o confess_v that_o sir_n p._n w._n be_v seize_v in_o fee_n of_o the_o manor_n but_o afterward_o the_o seisin_n be_v express_o allege_v to_o be_v in_o sir_n george_n the_o father_n and_o that_o the_o place_n where_o be_v parcel_n thereof_o which_o be_v a_o confession_n and_o a_o avoidance_n the_o avowant_n shall_v have_v traverse_v this_o lease_n but_o the_o traverse_v of_o the_o plaintiff_n upon_o he_o have_v make_v it_o a_o worse_a issue_n agreeable_a to_o this_o case_n in_o reason_n be_v that_o which_o be_v adjudge_v in_o this_o court_n in_o michaelmas-term_n 10_o car._n 1._o it_o be_v in_o trespass_n 384._o cro._n car._n 384._o the_o defendant_n plead_v that_o the_o locus_fw-la in_o quo_fw-la be_v the_o sole_a freehold_n of_o john_n etc._n etc._n and_o justify_v by_o his_o command_n the_o plaintiff_n reply_v that_o the_o land_n be_v parcel_n of_o the_o manor_n of_o abbot_n anne_n and_o that_o w._n be_v seize_v in_o fee_n and_o levy_v a_o fine_a to_o the_o use_n of_o himself_o and_o wife_n for_o their_o life_n the_o remainder_n to_o e._n for_o 100_o year_n if_o he_o live_v so_o long_o who_o after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o cognizor_n enter_v and_o make_v a_o lease_n to_o the_o plaintiff_n and_o upon_o a_o demurrer_n to_o this_o replication_n the_o same_o exception_n be_v then_o take_v as_o now_o viz._n that_o the_o plaintiff_n do_v not_o confess_v and_o avoid_v the_o freehold_a of_o john_n but_o the_o plaintiff_n have_v judgement_n for_o the_o bar_n be_v at_o large_a and_o the_o title_n in_o the_o replication_n be_v likewise_o so_o too_o the_o plaintiff_n may_v claim_v by_o a_o lease_n for_o year_n without_o answer_v the_o freehold_a the_o not_o conclude_v with_o a_o traverse_n be_v but_o a_o form_n and_o the_o court_n will_v proceed_v according_a to_o the_o right_n of_o the_o cause_n without_o such_o form_n 5._o 27_o eliz._n c._n 5._o it_o be_v a_o defect_n which_o after_o a_o joinder_n in_o demurrer_n be_v express_o help_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o jeofail_n which_o enable_v the_o court_n to_o amend_v defect_n and_o want_n of_o form_n other_o than_o such_o for_o which_o the_o party_n have_v demur_v the_o case_n of_o edward_n and_o woodden_n be_v in_o point_n contra_fw-la cro._n car._n 323._o 6_o co._n heyley_n be_v case_n dyer_n 171._o b._n 1_o leon._n 77_o 78._o contra_fw-la it_o be_v in_o replevin_n the_o defendant_n make_v cognizance_n as_o bailiff_n to_o cotton_n for_o that_o the_o place_n where_o etc._n etc._n be_v so_o many_o acre_n parcel_n of_o a_o manor_n etc._n etc._n that_o bing_n be_v seize_v thereof_o in_o fee_n who_o grant_v a_o rent_n charge_v out_o of_o it_o to_o sir_n robert_n heath_n in_o fee_n who_o sell_v it_o to_o cotton_n etc._n etc._n the_o plaintiff_n in_o bar_n to_o the_o conusance_n reply_v and_o confess_v that_o the_o land_n be_v parcel_n of_o the_o manor_n etc._n etc._n and_o that_o bing_n be_v seize_v in_o fee_n prout_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o grant_v the_o rent_n to_o sir_n r._n h._n but_o that_o long_a before_o the_o seisin_n of_o bing_n etc._n etc._n one_o leigh_n be_v seize_v thereof_o in_o fee_n who_o devise_v it_o to_o blunt_a for_o a_o term_n of_o year_n which_o term_n by_o several_a assignment_n come_v to_o claxton_n who_o give_v the_o plaintiff_n leave_v to_o put_v in_o his_o cattle_n etc._n etc._n and_o upon_o a_o demurrer_n to_o this_o replication_n a_o exception_n be_v take_v to_o it_o for_o that_o the_o plaintiff_n do_v not_o show_v how_o the_o seisin_n and_o grant_v of_o bing_n to_o sir_n r._n h._n be_v avoid_v for_o have_v confess_v a_o seisin_n in_o fee_n prout_fw-la etc._n etc._n that_o shall_v be_v intend_v a_o fee_n in_o possession_n and_o notwithstanding_o he_o have_v afterward_o set_v forth_o a_o lease_n for_o year_n in_o leigh_n by_o who_o it_o be_v devise_v to_o blunt_n etc._n etc._n and_o so_o to_o claxton_n it_o may_v be_v intend_v that_o the_o grantor_n be_v only_o seize_v in_o fee_n of_o the_o reversion_n and_o therefore_o the_o plaintiff_n ought_v to_o have_v traverse_v the_o seisin_n aliter_fw-la vel_fw-la alio_fw-la modo_fw-la but_o three_o judge_n seem_v to_o incline_v that_o the_o replication_n be_v good_a and_o that_o the_o plaintiff_n have_v well_o confess_v and_o avoid_v that_o seisin_n in_o fee_n which_o be_v allege_v by_o the_o defendant_n for_o he_o have_v show_v a_o lease_n for_o year_n precedent_a to_o the_o defendant_n title_n and_o which_o be_v not_o chargeable_a with_o the_o rent_n and_o his_o plead_n that_o the_o grantor_n bing_n be_v seize_v in_o fee_n must_v be_v only_o of_o a_o reversion_n expectant_a upon_o that_o lease_n but_o if_o his_o confession_n that_o be_v be_v seize_v in_o fee_n prout_fw-la etc._n etc._n shall_v be_v intend_v a_o seisin_n in_o fee_n in_o possession_n yet_o the_o replication_n be_v good_a in_o substance_n because_o the_o charge_n against_o the_o plaintiff_n be_v avoid_v by_o a_o former_a estate_n and_o in_o such_o case_n it_o be_v not_o necessary_a to_o take_v a_o traverse_n but_o after_o all_o it_o be_v hold_v that_o if_o it_o be_v a_o defect_n it_o be_v but_o want_n of_o a_o form_n which_o be_v aid_v by_o the_o statute_n and_o that_o be_v this_o very_a case_n now_o in_o question_n the_o want_n of_o a_o traverse_v seldom_o make_v a_o plea_n ill_a in_o substance_n but_o a_o naughty_a traverse_n often_o make_v it_o so_o because_o the_o adversary_n be_v tie_v up_o to_o that_o which_o be_v material_a in_o itself_o so_o that_o he_o can_v answer_v what_o be_v proper_a and_o material_a and_o therefore_o in_o ejectment_n upon_o a_o lease_n make_v by_o e._n i._n lull_n yelv._n 151._o bedel_n versus_fw-la lull_n the_o defendant_n plead_v that_o before_o e._n i._n have_v any_o thing_n to_o do_v etc._n etc._n m._n i._o be_v seize_v in_o fee_n after_o who_o death_n the_o land_n descend_v to_o his_o heir_n and_o that_o e._n enter_v and_o be_v seize_v by_o abatement_n the_o plaintiff_n reply_v and_o confess_v the_o seisin_n of_o m._n but_o say_v that_o he_o devise_v it_o in_o fee_n to_o e._n i._n who_o enter_v absque_fw-la hoc_fw-la that_o e._n i._n be_v seize_v by_o abatement_n and_o upon_o a_o demurrer_n this_o be_v hold_v to_o be_v a_o ill_a traverse_n for_o the_o plaintiff_n have_v confess_v the_o seisin_n of_o m._n and_o avoid_v it_o by_o the_o devise_n and_o therefore_o ought_v not_o to_o have_v traverse_v the_o abatement_n for_o have_v derive_v a_o good_a title_n by_o the_o devise_n to_o his_o lessor_n it_o be_v a_o argument_n that_o he_o enter_v lawful_o and_o it_o be_v that_o alone_a which_o be_v issuable_a and_o not_o the_o abatement_n therefore_o it_o be_v ill_a to_o traverse_v that_o because_o it_o must_v never_o be_v take_v but_o where_o the_o thing_n traverse_v be_v issuable_a then_o it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o conusance_n be_v informal_a because_o the_o avowant_n shall_v have_v say_v that_o the_o locus_fw-la in_o quo_fw-la etc._n etc._n contain_v so_o many_o acre_n of_o ground_n etc._n etc._n he_o only_o say_v that_o it_o be_v parcel_n of_o a_o manor_n beside_o he_o neither_o pray_v damage_n nor_o retorn_a '_o habend_v '_o 2._o as_o to_o the_o 2d_o point_v it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o statute_n of_o fraud_n do_v not_o take_v away_o all_o occupancy_n it_o only_o appoint_v who_o shall_v be_v a_o special_a occupant_n beside_o here_o be_v a_o title_n within_o the_o statute_n for_o a_o lease_n for_o life_n be_v personal_a asset_n so_o be_v a_o term_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o a_o executor_n de_fw-fr son_fw-fr tort_fw-fr and_o in_o this_o case_n the_o enter_v of_o one_o brother_n after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o other_o make_v he_o a_o executor_n de_fw-fr son_fw-fr tort_fw-fr 7._o more_n 126._o sid._n 7._o and_o it_o be_v never_o yet_o doubt_v but_o that_o there_o may_v be_v such_o a_o executor_n of_o a_o term._n whereupon_o it_o be_v conclude_v that_o the_o bar_n be_v good_a both_o as_o to_o the_o form_n
demise_n and_o the_o word_n assign_v be_v in_o the_o deed_n yet_o they_o be_v not_o bind_v if_o they_o have_v no_o estate_n so_o that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o name_n of_o they_o but_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o estate_n in_o the_o land_n they_o be_v make_v chargeable_a no_o judgement_n be_v enter_v upon_o the_o roll._n finis_fw-la errata_fw-la folio_n 88_o line_n 13._o for_o defendant_n read_v plaintiff_n f._n 106._o l._n 26._o for_o no_o r._n a_o f._n 119._o l._n 7._o after_n must_v be_v r._n error_n f._n 147._o l._n 13_o 18_o 38._o for_o coram_fw-la r._n quorum_fw-la f._n 189._o l._n 23._o for_o reasonable_a r._n unreasonable_a f._n 196._o l._n 28._o for_o devise_n r._n demise_n f._n 199._o l._n 1._o for_o 23._o r._n 13._o f._n 201._o l._n 14._o before_o merge_v r._n not_o f._n 218._o l._n 17._o for_o 1672._o r._n 1679._o f._n 203._o l._n 31._o after_o berkley_n r._n and_o mr._n killigrew_n f._n 222._o l._n 31._o leave_v out_o and_o marry_v f._n 226._o l._n 21._o leave_v out_o she_o marry_v f._n 237._o l._n 29._o for_o devise_v r._n demise_n f._n 255._o l._n 31._o for_o father_n r._n nephew_n f._n 256._o l._n 12._o for_o join_v r._n try_v f._n 287._o l._n 6._o after_o deliver_v r._n tie_v f._n 303._o l._n 16._o for_o grantee_n r._n guarantee_n f._n 307._o l._n 36._o for_o voidable_a r._n void_a a_o table_n to_o the_o three_o part_n of_o modern_a report_n a._n abatement_n see_v joint_n action_n 8._o 1._o debt_n be_v bring_v by_o four_o plaintiff_n one_o of_o they_o die_v before_o judgement_n the_o action_n be_v abate_v as_o to_o the_o rest_n 249_o 2._o waste_n be_v bring_v against_o tenant_n pur_fw-mi auter_n vie_fw-fr and_o pend_v the_o writ_n cestui_fw-fr que_fw-fr vie_fw-fr die_v the_o writ_n shall_v not_o abate_v because_o no_o other_o person_n can_v be_v sue_v for_o the_o damage_n ibid._n 3._o two_o jointenant_n be_v defendant_n the_o death_n of_o one_o shall_v not_o abate_v the_o writ_n for_o the_o action_n be_v joint_a and_o several_a ibid._n 4._o where_o two_o or_o more_o be_v to_o recover_v in_o a_o personal_a thing_n the_o death_n of_o one_o shall_v abate_v the_o action_n as_o to_o the_o rest_n ibid._n 5._o but_o in_o audita_fw-la querela_fw-la the_o death_n of_o one_o shall_v not_o abate_v the_o writ_n because_o it_o be_v in_o discharge_n ibid._n abeiance_n see_v acceptance_n 1._o resignation_n of_o a_o benefice_n pass_v nothing_o to_o the_o ordinary_a but_o put_v the_o freehold_a in_o abeiance_n till_o his_o acceptance_n 297_o see_v acceptance_n resignation_n surrender_n act_n of_o parliament_n see_v justice_n of_o peace_n 2_o pardon_n 2_o ought_v to_o be_v construe_v according_a to_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o lawmaker_n and_o aught_o to_o be_v expound_v according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o common_a law_n 63_o 2._o where_o a_o particular_a punishment_n be_v direct_v by_o a_o statute_n law_n it_o must_v be_v pursue_v and_o no_o other_o can_v be_v inflict_v upon_o the_o offender_n 78_o 118_o 3._o when_o a_o act_n be_v penal_a it_o ought_v to_o be_v construe_v according_a to_o equity_n 90_o 157_o 312_o 4._o preamble_n be_v the_o best_a expositor_n of_o the_o law_n 129_o 169_o action_n upon_o the_o ease_n assumpsit_fw-la a_o feoffment_n be_v make_v upon_o trust_n that_o the_o feoffee_n shall_v convey_v the_o estate_n to_o another_o the_o cestuy_a que_fw-fr trust_n may_v have_v a_o action_n if_o the_o feoffee_n refuse_v to_o convey_v 149_o 2._o in_o consideration_n that_o the_o plaintiff_n will_v let_v the_o defendant_n have_v meat_n drink_v etc._n etc._n he_o promise_v to_o pay_v as_o much_o as_o it_o be_v reasonable_o worth_a the_o word_n valerent_fw-la be_v in_o the_o declaration_n it_o shall_v have_v be_v quantum_fw-la valebant_fw-la at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o promise_n but_o hold_v good_a after_o verdict_n 190_o 3._o where_o a_o personal_a promise_n be_v ground_v upon_o a_o real_a contract_n the_o action_n will_v lie_v 73_o 4._o it_o will_v not_o lie_v for_o rent_n reserve_v upon_o a_o demise_n but_o where_o a_o promise_n be_v make_v to_o pay_v rend_v in_o consideration_n of_o occupy_v a_o house_n it_o will_v lie_v 240_o action_n on_o the_o case_n see_v bankrupt_n two_o indictment_n 2_o slander_v where_o it_o lie_v 1._o he_o be_v a_o papist_n speak_v of_o a_o deputy_n lieutenant_n 26_o 2._o where_o the_o word_n injure_v a_o person_n in_o his_o profession_n or_o bring_v he_o in_o danger_n of_o punishment_n 27_o 3._o he_o steal_v the_o colonel_n cupboard_n cloth_n there_o be_v no_o precedent_n discourse_v either_o of_o the_o colonel_n or_o his_o cloth_n 280_o 4._o he_o be_v break_v and_o run_v away_o and_o never_o will_v return_v again_o speak_v of_o a_o carpenter_n 155_o 5._o he_o be_v a_o rogue_n a_o papist_n dog_n and_o a_o pitiful_a fellow_n and_o never_o a_o rogue_n in_o town_n have_v a_o bonfire_n before_o his_o door_n but_o he_o speak_v of_o a_o merchant_n who_o make_v a_o bonfire_n at_o the_o coronation_n of_o king_n james_n 103_o 6._o he_o owe_v more_o money_n than_o he_o be_v worth_a he_o be_v run_v away_o and_o be_v break_v speak_v of_o a_o husbandman_n 112_o 7._o the_o wife_n be_v call_v whore_n and_o that_o she_o be_v the_o defendant_n whore_n the_o husband_n and_o she_o bring_v the_o action_n and_o conclude_v ad_fw-la dampnum_fw-la ipsorum_fw-la it_o lie_v without_o allegd_v special_a damage_n 120_o 8._o sir_n j._n k._n be_v a_o buffle_n head_a fellow_n and_o do_v not_o understand_v law_n he_o be_v not_o fit_a to_o talk_v law_n with_o i_o i_o have_v baffle_v he_o and_o he_o have_v not_o do_v my_o client_n justice_n speak_v of_o a_o justice_n of_o peace_n 139_o 9_o j._n p._n be_v a_o knave_n and_o a_o busy_a knave_n for_o search_v after_o i_o and_o other_o honest_a man_n of_o my_o sort_n and_o i_o will_v make_v he_o give_v satisfaction_n for_o plunder_v i_o speak_v of_o a_o justice_n of_o peace_n no_o colloquium_fw-la be_v lay_v the_o court_n be_v divide_v 163_o where_o it_o do_v not_o lie_v word_n be_v lay_v to_o be_v speak_v ad_fw-la tenorem_fw-la &_o effectum_fw-la sequen_n '_o which_o be_v not_o a_o express_a allegation_n that_o they_o be_v speak_v 71_o 72_o action_n on_o the_o case_n against_o a_o common_a carrier_n where_o it_o be_v bring_v against_o he_o upon_o a_o assumpsit_fw-la in_o law_n and_o likewise_o upon_o a_o tort_n the_o declaration_n be_v not_o good_a 322_o action_n on_o the_o case_n for_o a_o wrong_n see_v plead_v for_o divert_v of_o a_o watercourse_n the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o mill_n must_v be_v set_v forth_o 49_o 2._o it_o lie_v against_o a_o wrong_a doer_n upon_o the_o bare_a possession_n only_o and_o the_o plaintiff_n need_v not_o set_v forth_o whether_o he_o have_v a_o title_n by_o grant_n or_o prescription_n for_o that_o go_v to_o the_o right_n 51_o 52_o 132_o 3._o if_o the_o declaratien_n be_v for_o the_o divert_v of_o the_o water_n ab_fw-la antiquo_fw-la &_o solito_fw-la cursu_fw-la this_o amount_n to_o a_o prescription_n which_o must_v be_v prove_v at_o the_o trial_n or_o the_o plaintiff_n will_v be_v nonsuit_v 52_o 4._o whether_o it_o lie_v for_o the_o make_n of_o a_o scandalous_a affidavit_fw-la in_o chancery_n 108_o 5._o for_o sell_v of_o ox_n affirm_v they_o to_o be_v his_o own_o ubi_fw-la revera_fw-la they_o be_v not_o but_o do_v not_o say_v sciens_fw-la the_o same_o to_o be_v the_o good_n of_o another_o or_o that_o he_o sell_v they_o fraudulent_a or_o deceptive_a it_o be_v naught_o upon_o a_o demurrer_n but_o good_a after_o verdict_n 261_o 6._o where_o several_a be_v guilty_a of_o a_o wrong_a the_o action_n may_v be_v bring_v against_o either_o 321_o 7._o debt_n upon_o the_o statute_n of_o ed._n 6._o for_o not_o set_v out_o tithe_n bring_v against_o two_o tenant_n in_o common_a one_o of_o they_o do_v set_v out_o the_o tithe_n and_o the_o other_o carry_v they_o away_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v bring_v only_o against_o the_o wrong_a doer_n 322_o 8._o for_o disturb_v of_o a_o man_n in_o a_o common_a passage_n or_o common_a highway_n no_o action_n on_o the_o case_n lie_v without_o a_o particular_a damage_n do_v to_o himself_o for_o the_o proper_a remedy_n be_v a_o presentment_n in_o the_o leet_n 294_o administrator_n vide_fw-la infant_n 18_o ordinary_a interest_n 2_o plead_v 2_o administrator_n durante_fw-la minore_fw-la aetate_fw-la have_v no_o power_n over_o the_o estate_n 24_o 2._o administration_n can_v not_o be_v grant_v by_o the_o spiritual_a court_n before_o the_o statute_n of_o ed._n 3._o 24_o 3._o where_o it_o be_v once_o grant_v whether_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v repeal_v 25_o 4._o administrator_n have_v the_o whole_a estate_n in_o he_o before_o the_o statute_n of_o distribution_n 60_o 5._o he_o then_o give_v bond_n to_o distribute_v as_o the_o ordinary_n shall_v direct_v ibid._n 6._o the_o father_n die_v
man_n from_o have_v any_o office_n whatsoever_o who_o shall_v affirm_v the_o king_n to_o be_v a_o papist_n 1._o 13_o car._n 2._o cap._n 1._o that_o be_v a_o person_n who_o endeavour_v to_o introduce_v popery_n 2._o but_o if_o the_o word_n papist_n be_v not_o actionable_a of_o itself_o yet_o as_o couple_v with_o his_o office_n it_o be_v otherwise_o and_o the_o plaintiff_n may_v well_o maintain_v this_o action_n and_o of_o that_o opinion_n be_v all_o the_o court_n so_o the_o judgement_n be_v affirm_v malloon_n versus_fw-la fitzgerald_n error_n of_o a_o judgement_n in_o ireland_n it_o where_o a_o estate_n tail_n shall_v not_o be_v determine_v for_o want_v of_o notice_n of_o a_o proviso_n to_o determine_v it_o for_o land_n in_o the_o county_n of_o waterford_n the_o case_n upon_o the_o special_a verdict_n be_v this_o john_n fitzgerald_n be_v seize_v in_o fee_n of_o the_o land_n in_o question_n who_o have_v issue_n katherine_n his_o only_a daughter_n he_o by_o lease_n and_o release_v make_v a_o settlement_n of_o those_o land_n upon_o the_o earl_n of_o ossory_n and_o other_o trustee_n therein_o name_v and_o their_o heir_n to_o the_o use_n of_o himself_o for_o life_n and_o after_o his_o decease_n to_o the_o use_n of_o his_o daughter_n katherine_n in_o tail_n provide_v that_o she_o marry_v with_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o say_a earl_n and_o the_o trustee_n or_o the_o major_a part_n of_o they_o or_o their_o heir_n some_o worthy_a person_n of_o the_o family_n and_o name_n of_o fitzgerald_n or_o who_o shall_v take_v upon_o he_o that_o name_v immediate_o after_o the_o marriage_n but_o if_o not_o than_o the_o say_a earl_n shall_v appoint_v and_o raise_v a_o portion_n out_o of_o the_o say_a land_n for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o say_v katherine_n with_o a_o remainder_n to_o laetitia_n in_o tail_n john_n fitzgerald_n die_v his_o daughter_n be_v then_o but_o two_o year_n old_a she_o afterward_o at_o the_o age_n of_o fourteen_o have_v notice_n of_o this_o settlement_n but_o not_o by_o the_o direction_n of_o the_o trustee_n that_o on_o the_o 20_o of_o march_n in_o the_o 16_o year_n of_o her_o age_n she_o marry_v with_o the_o plaintiff_n edward_n villiers_n esq_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o trustee_n or_o the_o major_a part_n of_o they_o and_o that_o her_o husband_n mr._n villiers_n do_v not_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o name_n of_o fitzgerald_n after_o the_o say_a marriage_n that_o laetitia_n the_o aunt_n be_v marry_v to_o franklyn_n who_o likewise_o do_v not_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o name_n of_o fitzgerald_n 1._o the_o question_n be_v whether_o the_o estate_n limit_v to_o katherine_n be_v forfeit_v without_o notice_n give_v to_o she_o of_o the_o settlement_n by_o the_o trustee_n themselves_o 2._o whether_o her_o estate_n be_v not_o determine_v by_o her_o marry_n mr._n villiers_n without_o their_o consent_n and_o it_o be_v argue_v that_o the_o estate_n tail_n be_v determine_v and_o first_o as_o to_o the_o point_n of_o notice_n it_o be_v not_o necessary_a to_o be_v give_v to_o the_o daughter_n because_o the_o father_n have_v not_o make_v it_o in_o the_o settlement_n he_o may_v dispose_v of_o his_o estate_n at_o his_o pleasure_n and_o have_v make_v particular_a limitation_n of_o it_o there_o be_v no_o room_n now_o for_o the_o law_n to_o interpose_v to_o supply_v the_o defect_n of_o notice_n in_o the_o deed._n and_o to_o this_o purpose_n the_o mayor_n of_o london_n be_v case_n be_v cite_v which_o be_v that_o george_n monox_n devise_v certain_a house_n to_o his_o executor_n in_o trust_n and_o their_o heir_n 452._o cro_n car._n 576._o idem_fw-la jones_n 452._o upon_o condition_n to_o pay_v money_n to_o several_a charitable_a use_n which_o if_o not_o perform_v than_o he_o devise_v they_o over_o to_o his_o heir_n in_o tail_n upon_o the_o same_o condition_n and_o if_o not_o perform_v by_o he_o then_o to_o the_o possibility_n *_o the_o devise_v to_o he_o be_v void_a because_o it_o be_v a_o possibility_n upon_o a_o possibility_n mayor_n and_o commonalty_n of_o london_n the_o trust_n be_v not_o perform_v by_o the_o first_o devisees_n a_o stranger_n enter_v and_o levy_v a_o fine_a with_o proclamation_n and_o five_o year_n pass_v then_o the_o mayor_n of_o london_n bring_v his_o action_n suppose_v he_o have_v a_o right_a of_o entry_n for_o the_o non_fw-fr performance_n of_o the_o trust_n but_o be_v bar_v by_o the_o fine_a although_o it_o be_v argue_v for_o he_o that_o he_o have_v not_o notice_n of_o the_o devise_n or_o breach_n of_o the_o trust_n till_o after_o the_o fine_a levy_v which_o show_v that_o notice_n be_v not_o necessary_a for_o if_o it_o have_v be_v so_o when_o his_o title_n accrue_v he_o can_v not_o have_v be_v bar_v by_o the_o fine_a as_o katherine_n the_o daughter_n take_v notice_n what_o estate_n she_o have_v in_o the_o land_n so_o as_o to_o pursue_v a_o proper_a remedy_n to_o recover_v it_o so_o she_o ought_v to_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o limitation_n in_o the_o settlement_n and_o have_v the_o same_o mean_n to_o acquaint_v herself_o with_o the_o one_o as_o with_o the_o other_o and_o the_o same_o likewise_o as_o her_o aunt_n have_v to_o know_v the_o remainder_n suppose_v a_o promise_n be_v make_v to_o indempnifie_v another_o from_o all_o bond_n which_o he_o shall_v enter_v into_o for_o a_o three_o person_n 164._o 2_o cro._n 432._o hob._n 51._o jones_n 207._o pop._n 164._o and_o then_o a_o action_n be_v bring_v against_o he_o wherein_o the_o plaintiff_n declare_v that_o he_o be_v bind_v according_o and_o not_o save_v harmless_a but_o do_v not_o show_v that_o he_o give_v notice_n of_o his_o be_v bind_v yet_o the_o plaintiff_n shall_v recover_v as_o to_o the_o case_n of_o a_o copyholder_n have_v three_o son_n who_o surrender_v to_o the_o use_n of_o his_o will_n 56._o 2_o cro._n 56._o and_o then_o devise_v to_o his_o middle_a son_n in_o fee_n upon_o condition_n to_o pay_v legacy_n to_o his_o sister_n at_o full_a age_n which_o be_v not_o pay_v now_o though_o it_o be_v adjudge_v that_o his_o estate_n be_v not_o determine_v upon_o the_o non-performance_n of_o this_o condition_n without_o a_o actual_a demand_n and_o denial_n and_o that_o he_o be_v not_o bind_v to_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o full_a age_n of_o his_o sister_n yet_o this_o be_v not_o a_o authority_n which_o can_v any_o wise_a prevail_v in_o this_o case_n because_o it_o be_v a_o 104._o *_o if_o the_o devise_n have_v be_v to_o the_o elder_a son_n than_o it_o have_v be_v a_o limitation_n annex_v to_o his_o estate_n and_o not_o a_o condition_n because_o if_o it_o have_v be_v a_o condition_n it_o will_v have_v descend_v upon_o the_o heir_n who_o can_v not_o be_v sue_v for_o the_o breach_n 1_o ventr_n 199._o rep._n canc._n 140._o sid._n poph._n 104._o condition_n to_o pay_v legacy_n which_o be_v a_o thing_n in_o its_o nature_n not_o to_o be_v pay_v without_o a_o demand_n which_o imply_v notice_n in_o all_o case_n where_o condition_n be_v annex_v to_o estate_n to_o pay_v money_n there_o notice_n be_v necessary_a but_o where_o estate_n be_v limit_v upon_o the_o performance_n of_o collateral_a act_n it_o be_v not_o necessary_a and_o this_o have_v be_v hold_v the_o constant_a difference_n so_o be_v fry_n and_o porter_n be_v case_n which_o be_v this_o the_o earl_n of_o newport_n have_v two_o daughter_n and_o he_o devise_v newport_n house_n to_o the_o daughter_n of_o his_o elder_a daughter_n in_o tail_n which_o she_o have_v by_o the_o earl_n of_o banbury_n provide_v and_o upon_o condition_n that_o she_o marry_v with_o the_o consent_n of_o her_o mother_n and_o two_o other_o trustee_n or_o the_o major_a part_n of_o they_o if_o not_o or_o if_o she_o shall_v die_v without_o issue_n than_o he_o devise_v the_o say_a house_n to_o george_n porter_n in_o fee_n who_o be_v the_o son_n of_o his_o young_a daughter_n and_o who_o have_v marry_v one_o thomas_n porter_n without_o her_o father_n consent_n the_o lady_n ann_n knowles_n the_o first_o devisee_n marry_v fry_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o her_o grandmother_n or_o trustee_n and_o it_o be_v adjudge_v against_o she_o upon_o point_n of_o notice_n that_o it_o be_v not_o necessary_a because_o her_o grandfather_n have_v not_o appoint_v any_o person_n to_o give_v notice_n he_o may_v have_v impose_v any_o term_n or_o condition_n upon_o his_o own_o estate_n and_o all_o party_n concern_v have_v the_o same_o mean_n to_o inform_v themselves_o of_o such_o condition_n the_o three_o resolution_n in_o frances_n case_n co._n 8_o co._n come_v near_a to_o this_o now_o in_o question_n it_o be_v in_o replevin_n the_o defendant_n avow_v the_o take_a damage_n fesant_n the_o plaintiff_n plead_v in_o bar_n to_o the_o avowry_n that_o r._n frances_n be_v seize_v in_o fee_n of_o the_o place_n where_o etc._n etc._n and_o devise_v it_o to_o john_n who_o be_v his_o
finch_n contra_fw-la the_o chief_a objection_n be_v the_o incertainty_n of_o this_o custom_n now_o if_o a_o custom_n as_o incertain_a as_o this_o have_v be_v hold_v good_a in_o this_o court_n it_o be_v a_o good_a authority_n to_o support_v this_o custom_n and_o as_o to_o that_o it_o be_v say_v that_o a_o custom_n for_o a_o person_n who_o a_o copy_n holder_n shall_v name_v to_o have_v his_o land_n after_o his_o death_n and_o that_o he_o shall_v pay_v a_o fine_a for_o his_o admittance_n and_o if_o the_o lord_n and_o tenant_n can_v agree_v about_o the_o fine_a that_o then_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o tenant_n shall_v assess_v it_o 85._o 1_o rol._n rep._n 48._o 2_o cro._n 368._o 4_o leon._n 238._o noy_n 3._o 2_o brownl_n 85._o this_o be_v adjudge_v a_o good_a custom_n by_o the_o court_n of_o common-plea_n and_o affirm_v upon_o a_o writ_n of_o error_n in_o this_o court_n it_o be_v the_o case_n of_o crab_n and_o bevis_n cite_v in_o warne_n and_o sawyer_n case_n adjornatur_fw-la afterward_o the_o first_o judgement_n be_v affirm_v and_o all_o the_o court_n hold_v the_o custom_n to_o be_v a_o good_a custom_n hacket_n versus_fw-la herne_n jvdgment_n be_v have_v in_o debt_n upon_o a_o bond_n against_o father_n and_o son_n error_n where_o the_o defendant_n in_o the_o action_n must_v join_v in_o a_o writ_n of_o error_n and_o afterward_o the_o father_n alone_o bring_v a_o writ_n of_o error_n and_o the_o error_n assingn_v be_v that_o his_o son_n be_v under_o age_n but_o because_o the_o son_n do_v not_o join_v in_o the_o error_n the_o court_n order_v the_o writ_n to_o be_v abate_v if_o a_o quare_fw-la impedit_fw-la be_v bring_v against_o a_o bishop_n and_o other_o and_o judgement_n be_v against_o they_o all_o they_o must_v likewise_o all_o join_v in_o a_o writ_n of_o error_n unless_o it_o be_v where_o the_o bishop_n claim_v only_o as_o ordinary_a it_o be_v true_a 30._o rol._n abr._n 929._o pl._n 30._o this_o be_v against_o the_o opinion_n of_o my_o lord_n roll_v in_o his_o abridgement_n who_o put_v the_o case_n that_o where_o a_o scire_fw-la facias_fw-la be_v bring_v against_o four_o executor_n who_o plead_v plene_fw-la administraverunt_fw-la the_o jury_n find_v asset_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o two_o of_o they_o and_o that_o the_o other_o eant_fw-la inde_fw-la sine_fw-la die_fw-la two_o bring_v a_o writ_n of_o error_n and_o although_o at_o the_o open_n of_o the_o case_n it_o be_v hold_v that_o the_o writ_n shall_v abate_v for_o that_o reason_n because_o bring_v only_o by_o two_o yet_o he_o say_v the_o judgement_n be_v afterward_o affirm_v and_o the_o writ_n hold_v good_a but_o there_o be_v a_o difference_n where_o a_o writ_n of_o error_n be_v bring_v by_o the_o plaintiff_n in_o the_o original_a action_n case_n 5_o co._n 25._o a_o ruddock_n case_n and_o when_o by_o the_o defendant_n for_o if_o two_o plaintiff_n be_v bar_v by_o a_o erroneous_a judgement_n and_o afterward_o bring_v a_o writ_n of_o error_n the_o release_n of_o one_o shall_v bar_v the_o other_o because_o they_o be_v both_o actor_n in_o a_o personal_a thing_n to_o charge_v another_o and_o it_o shall_v be_v presume_v a_o folly_n in_o he_o to_o join_v with_o another_o who_o may_v release_v all_o but_o where_o the_o defendant_n bring_v a_o writ_n of_o error_n it_o be_v otherwise_o for_o it_o be_v bring_v to_o discharge_v themselves_o of_o a_o judgement_n the_o release_n of_o one_o can_v bar_v the_o other_o because_o they_o have_v not_o a_o joint_a interest_n but_o a_o joint_a burden_n and_o by_o law_n be_v compel_v to_o join_v in_o error_n moss_n versus_fw-la archer_n covenant_n by_o a_o assignee_n of_o a_o assignee_n of_o land_n which_o be_v exchange_v the_o breach_n assign_v be_v assign_v breach_n not_o well_o assign_v that_o a_o stranger_n habens_fw-la jus_o &_o titulum_fw-la do_v enter_v etc._n etc._n there_o be_v a_o uerdict_n for_o the_o plaintiff_n and_o it_o be_v now_o move_v in_o arrest_n of_o judgement_n that_o the_o plaintiff_n have_v not_o show_v a_o sufficient_a breach_n for_o he_o set_v forth_o the_o entry_n of_o a_o stranger_n habens_fw-la jus_o &_o titulum_fw-la but_o do_v not_o show_v what_o title_n and_o it_o may_v be_v he_o have_v a_o title_n under_o the_o plaintiff_n himself_o 35._o 2_o cro._n 315._o hob._n 35._o after_o the_o exchange_n make_v and_o to_o prove_v this_o the_o case_n of_o kirby_n and_o hansaker_n be_v cite_v in_o point_n and_o of_o that_o opinion_n be_v all_o the_o court._n nota_fw-la it_o be_v say_v in_o this_o case_n that_o a_o exchange_n ought_v to_o be_v execute_v by_o either_o party_n in_o their_o life-time_n or_o else_o it_o be_v void_a taylor_n versus_fw-la brindley_n the_o original_a in_o trespass_n be_v quare_fw-la clausum_fw-la fregit_fw-la error_n variance_n between_o the_o original_a and_o declaration_n where_o it_o be_v no_o error_n and_o the_o plaintiff_n declare_v quare_fw-la clausum_fw-la &_o domum_fw-la fregit_fw-la and_o have_v judgement_n in_o the_o common-plea_n and_o a_o writ_n of_o error_n be_v bring_v in_o this_o court_n and_o the_o variance_n between_o the_o original_a and_o declaration_n be_v assign_v for_o error_n and_o that_o one_o be_v not_o warrant_v by_o the_o other_o but_o sergeant_n levinz_n argue_v that_o because_o the_o original_a be_v certify_v three_o term_n since_o cap._n 2_o cro._n 674._o 1_o rol._n abr._n 790._o n._n 7._o cro._n car._n 272._o 18_o eliz._n cap._n and_o no_o continuance_n between_o it_o and_o the_o declaration_n therefore_o that_o can_v not_o be_v the_o original_a to_o this_o action_n and_o that_o the_o court_n may_v for_o that_o reason_n intend_v a_o verdict_n without_o a_o original_a which_o be_v help_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o jeofail_n but_o he_o argue_v that_o where_o the_o original_a vary_v from_o the_o declaration_n and_o be_v not_o warrant_v by_o it_o it_o be_v not_o aid_v by_o this_o statute_n judgement_n be_v affrm_v de_fw-fr term._n sancti_fw-la mich._n anno_fw-la 3_o jac._n ii_o in_o banco_n regis_fw-la 1687._o wright_n chief_a justice_n holloway_n justice_n powel_n justice_n allibon_n justice_n sawyer_n attorney_n general_n powis_n solicitor_n general_n mathews_n versus_fw-la cary_n pasch_fw-mi 3_o jac._n rot._n 320._o trespass_n for_o enter_v of_o his_o house_n and_o take_v of_o a_o silver_n tankard_n warranti_fw-la where_o the_o defendant_n justify_v by_o way_n of_o excuse_n he_o must_v set_v forth_o the_o warrant_n and_o that_o he_o take_v the_o good_n virtute_fw-la warranti_fw-la the_o defendant_n make_v conusance_n as_o bailiff_n of_o the_o dean_n and_o chapter_n of_o westminster_n for_o that_o the_o place_n where_o etc._n etc._n be_v within_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o leet_n of_o the_o say_a dean_n who_o be_v seize_v of_o a_o court_n leet_n which_o be_v hold_v there_o such_o a_o day_n etc._n etc._n and_o that_o the_o jury_n do_v present_v the_o plaintiff_n be_v a_o tallow-chandler_n for_o melt_v of_o stink_a tallow_n to_o the_o annoyance_n of_o the_o neighbour_n for_o which_o he_o be_v amerce_v and_o that_o the_o amerciament_n be_v affere_v to_o 5_o l._n which_o not_o be_v pay_v the_o defendant_n by_o a_o mandate_n of_o the_o say_a dean_n and_o chapter_n distrein_v the_o tankard_n etc._n etc._n the_o plaintiff_n reply_v the_o injuria_fw-la sva_fw-la propria_fw-la absque_fw-la hoc_fw-la that_o he_o do_v melt_v tallow_n to_o the_o annoyance_n of_o the_o neighbour_n etc._n etc._n and_o upon_o a_o demurrer_n to_o this_o replication_n it_o be_v argue_v this_o term_n by_o mr._n pollexfen_n for_o the_o defendant_n and_o tremaine_n for_o the_o plaintiff_n and_o afterward_o in_o michaelmas_n term_n 1_o will._n &_o mariae_fw-la by_o mr._n bonithan_n and_o serjeant_n thompson_n for_o the_o defendant_n it_o be_v say_v for_o the_o defendant_n that_o a_o presentment_n in_o a_o court_n leet_n which_o concern_v the_o person_n as_o in_o this_o case_n and_o not_o the_o free_a hold_n 15._o 5_o h._n 7.3_o fitz._n bar._n 271._o bro._n abr._n tit_n travers_n sans_fw-fr ceo_fw-la pl._n 183._o presentment_n in_o court_n pl._n 15._o be_v not_o traversable_a and_o that_o the_o amerciament_n be_v a_o duty_n vest_v in_o the_o lord_n for_o which_o he_o may_v distrain_v or_o bring_v a_o action_n of_o debt_n co._n entr._n 572._o but_o on_o the_o other_o side_n it_o be_v say_v that_o if_o such_o a_o presentment_n be_v not_o traversable_a the_o party_n have_v no_o remedy_n it_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o fitzherbert_n in_o dyer_n b._n dyer_n 13._o b._n who_o affime_v the_o law_n to_o be_v that_o it_o be_v traversable_a and_o that_o if_o upon_o such_o a_o presentment_n a_o fine_a shall_v be_v impose_v erroneous_o 79._o 11_o co._n 42._o 1_o rol._n rep._n 79._o it_o may_v be_v avoid_v by_o plea_n and_o this_o agree_v with_o the_o second_o resolution_n in_o godfrey_n be_v case_n 2._o it_o be_v object_v to_o the_o plea_n that_o it_o be_v not_o good_a for_o it_o set_v
same_o to_o mrs._n berkley_n for_o life_n remainder_n over_o to_o henry_n killigrew_n in_o tail_n and_o that_o he_o make_v mrs._n berkley_n executrix_fw-la of_o his_o will_n which_o be_v find_v in_o haec_fw-la verba_fw-la that_o afterward_o in_o the_o year_n 1645._o the_o say_a sir_n henry_n killigrew_n make_v aliud_fw-la testamentum_fw-la in_o write_v but_o what_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o say_v last_o mention_v will_n juratores_fw-la penitus_fw-la ignorant_a they_o find_v that_o sir_n henry_n killigrew_n in_o the_o year_n 1646._o die_v seize_v of_o those_o land_n and_o that_o mrs._n berkley_n convey_v the_o same_o to_o mr._n nosworthy_n be_v father_n who_o heir_n he_o be_v and_o that_o the_o defendant_n sir_n william_n basset_n be_v cousin_n and_o heir_n to_o sir_n henry_n killigrew_n etc._n etc._n the_o question_n upon_o this_o special_a verdict_n be_v whether_o the_o make_n of_o this_o last_o will_n be_v a_o revocation_n of_o the_o former_a or_o not_o it_o be_v argue_v this_o term_n by_o mr._n finch_n and_o in_o michaelmas_n term_n follow_v by_o sergeant_n maynard_n for_o the_o plaintiff_n that_o it_o be_v not_o a_o revocation_n in_o their_o argument_n it_o be_v admit_v that_o a_o will_n in_o its_o nature_n be_v revocable_a at_o all_o time_n but_o than_o it_o must_v be_v either_o by_o a_o express_a or_o imply_v revocation_n that_o the_o make_n of_o this_o latter_a will_n can_v be_v intend_v to_o be_v a_o imply_v revocation_n of_o the_o former_a for_o if_o so_o than_o the_o land_n must_v also_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v devise_v contrary_a to_o the_o express_a disposition_n in_o the_o first_o will_n and_o that_o will_v be_v to_o add_v to_o the_o record_n which_o find_v viz._n that_o what_o the_o last_o will_n be_v penitus_fw-la ignorant_a it_o be_v possible_a that_o a_o subsequent_a will_n may_v be_v make_v so_o as_o not_o to_o destroy_v but_o consist_v with_o a_o former_a for_o the_o testator_n may_v have_v several_a parcel_n of_o land_n which_o he_o may_v devise_v to_o many_o person_n by_o divers_a will_n and_o yet_o all_o stand_v together_o a_o man_n may_v likewise_o by_o a_o subsequent_a will_v revoke_v part_n and_o confirm_v the_o other_o part_n of_o a_o former_a will_n and_o therefore_o admit_v there_o be_v such_o a_o will_n in_o this_o case_n it_o be_v still_o more_o natural_a that_o it_o shall_v confirm_v than_o revoke_v the_o other_o if_o the_o testator_n have_v purchase_v new_a land_n and_o have_v devise_v the_o same_o by_o a_o subsequent_a will_n no_o person_n will_v affirm_v that_o to_o be_v a_o revocation_n of_o the_o former_a will._n when_o a_o man_n have_v make_v a_o disposition_n of_o any_o part_n of_o his_o estate_n it_o be_v a_o good_a will_n as_o to_o that_o part_n so_o be_v likewise_o the_o disposal_n of_o every_o other_o part_n they_o be_v all_o several_a will_n though_o take_v altogether_o they_o be_v a_o entire_a disposition_n of_o the_o whole_a estate_n nothing_o appear_v here_o to_o the_o contrary_a but_o that_o the_o latter_a will_n may_v be_v only_o a_o devise_n of_o his_o personal_a estate_n or_o a_o confirmation_n of_o the_o former_a which_o the_o law_n will_v not_o allow_v to_o be_v destroy_v without_o a_o express_a revocation_n the_o case_n of_o coward_n and_o marshal_n be_v much_o to_o this_o purpose_n 721._o cro._n eliz._n 721._o which_o be_v a_o devise_n in_o fee_n to_o his_o young_a son_n and_o in_o another_o will_n after_o the_o testator_n marriage_n to_o a_o second_o wife_n he_o devise_v the_o same_o land_n to_o his_o wife_n for_o life_n pay_v yearly_o to_o his_o young_a son_n 20_o s._n it_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o anderson_n and_o glanvil_n that_o both_o these_o will_n may_v stand_v together_o and_o that_o one_o be_v not_o a_o revocation_n of_o the_o other_o because_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o last_o will_n that_o he_o only_o intend_v to_o make_v a_o provision_n for_o his_o wife_n but_o not_o to_o alter_v the_o devise_n to_o his_o son_n so_o where_o a_o man_n have_v two_o son_n by_o several_a venture_n b._n cro._n car._n 24._o hodgkinson_n vers_fw-la will_v co._n lit._n 22._o b._n 1_o co._n 104._o a._n 319._o b._n and_o devise_n the_o land_n to_o his_o elder_a son_n for_o life_n and_o to_o the_o heir_n male_n of_o his_o body_n and_o for_o default_n of_o such_o issue_n to_o the_o heir_n male_n of_o his_o second_o son_n and_o the_o heir_n male_n of_o their_o body_n remainder_n to_o his_o own_o right_a heir_n and_o then_o make_v a_o lease_n of_o 30_o year_n to_o his_o young_a son_n to_o commence_v after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o testator_n the_o young_a son_n enter_v and_o surrender_v the_o term_n to_o his_o elder_a brother_n who_o make_v a_o lease_n to_o the_o defendant_n and_o then_o die_v without_o issue_n afterward_o the_o young_a brother_n enter_v and_o avoid_v this_o lease_n make_v by_o his_o brother_n it_o be_v hold_v that_o the_o lease_n thus_o make_v to_o he_o be_v not_o a_o revocation_n of_o the_o devise_n of_o the_o inheritance_n to_o his_o brother_n though_o it_o be_v to_o commence_v at_o the_o same_o time_n in_o which_o the_o devise_n of_o the_o inheritance_n be_v to_o take_v effect_n but_o it_o be_v a_o revocation_n quoad_fw-la the_o term_n only_o that_o the_o elder_a brother_n shall_v not_o enter_v during_o that_o time_n for_o the_o devise_n shall_v not_o be_v revoke_v without_o express_a word_n and_o that_o though_o the_o testator_n have_v depart_v with_o the_o whole_a fee_n without_o reserve_v a_o estate_n for_o life_n to_o himself_o yet_o the_o law_n create_v such_o a_o estate_n in_o he_o till_o the_o future_a use_n shall_v commence_v and_o in_o such_o case_n the_o right_a heir_n can_v take_v by_o purchase_n but_o by_o descent_n so_o that_o here_o the_o inheritance_n in_o fee_n simple_a be_v not_o vest_v in_o the_o elder_a brother_n by_o descent_n for_o then_o the_o lease_n which_o he_o make_v will_v be_v execute_v out_o of_o the_o feé_n and_o the_o young_a brother_n will_v be_v bind_v thereby_o but_o in_o the_o case_n at_o the_o bar_n there_o be_v no_o colour_n of_o a_o revocation_n 1._o upon_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o verdict_n to_o which_o nothing_o can_v be_v add_v neither_o can_v it_o be_v diminish_v for_o whatever_o be_v find_v must_v be_v positive_a and_o not_o doubtful_a because_o a_o attaint_n lie_v if_o the_o verdict_n be_v false_a therefore_o the_o court_n can_v take_v notice_n of_o that_o which_o the_o jury_n have_v not_o find_v now_o here_o the_o entry_n of_o the_o judgement_n be_v viz._n quibus_fw-la lectis_fw-la &_o auditis_fw-la &_o per_fw-la curiam_fw-la hic_fw-la satis_fw-la intellectis_fw-la etc._n etc._n but_o what_o can_v be_v read_v or_o hear_v where_o nothing_o appear_v that_o case_n in_o the_o year-book_n of_o the_o 2_o r._n 3._o 3._o 2_o r._n 3._o f._n 3._o come_v not_o up_o to_o this_o question_n it_o be_v a_o action_n of_o trespass_n for_o the_o take_n of_o his_o good_n the_o defendant_n plead_v that_o the_o good_n do_v appertain_v to_o one_o robert_n strong_a who_o before_o the_o suppose_a trespass_n devise_v the_o same_o to_o he_o and_o make_v he_o executor_n etc._n etc._n the_o plaintiff_n reply_v that_o the_o say_v strong_a make_v his_o last_o will_n and_o do_v constitute_v he_o executor_n and_o upon_o a_o demurrer_n to_o this_o replication_n because_o he_o have_v not_o traverse_v that_o the_o defendant_n be_v executor_n it_o be_v argue_v for_o the_o plaintiff_n that_o this_o last_o will_n be_v a_o revocation_n of_o the_o former_a for_o though_o there_o be_v no_o express_a word_n of_o revocation_n yet_o by_o the_o very_o make_v another_o the_o law_n revoke_v the_o former_a and_o to_o prove_v this_o two_o instance_n be_v then_o give_v viz._n that_o if_o a_o man_n devise_v his_o land_n to_o two_o and_o by_o another_o will_n give_v it_o to_o one_o of_o they_o and_o die_v he_o to_o who_o it_o be_v devise_v by_o the_o last_o will_n shall_v have_v it_o so_o likewise_o if_o the_o testator_n by_o one_o will_n give_v land_n to_o his_o son_n and_o by_o another_o will_n devise_v the_o same_o again_o to_o his_o wife_n then_o make_v a_o alienation_n and_o take_v back_o a_o estate_n to_o himself_o and_o die_v and_o in_o a_o assize_n bring_v between_o the_o widow_n and_o the_o son_n he_o be_v compel_v by_o the_o court_n to_o show_v that_o it_o be_v his_o father_n intention_n that_o he_o shall_v have_v the_o land_n otherwise_o the_o last_o devisee_n will_v be_v entitle_v to_o it_o now_o both_o these_o instance_n be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o evince_v that_o the_o last_o will_n in_o this_o case_n be_v a_o revocation_n of_o that_o under_o which_o the_o plaintiff_n claim_v because_o those_o will_n be_v contradictory_n to_o each_o other_o for_o by_o one_o the_o land_n be_v devise_v to_o the_o son_n and_o by_o the_o other_o to_o
the_o wife_n they_o both_o have_v their_o existence_n at_o one_o and_o the_o same_o time_n and_o it_o appear_v they_o be_v make_v to_o distinct_a purpose_n but_o here_o no_o body_n can_v tell_v what_o be_v design_v or_o intend_v by_o the_o testator_n in_o this_o subsequent_a will._n and_o therefore_o it_o have_v be_v hold_v b._n cro._n car._n 51._o eyre_n case_n godolph_n 443._o perkins_n 92._o b._n that_o where_o a_o man_n devise_v legacy_n to_o his_o two_o brother_n and_o afterward_o in_o his_o sickness_n be_v ask_v to_o leave_v legacy_n to_o his_o say_a brother_n he_o reply_v he_o will_v leave_v they_o nothing_o but_o devise_v a_o small_a legacy_n to_o his_o godson_n and_o die_v this_o discourse_n be_v set_v down_o in_o a_o cocidil_n which_o together_o with_o the_o will_n be_v prove_v in_o common_a form_n this_o codicil_n be_v not_o a_o revocation_n of_o the_o legacy_n give_v to_o the_o brother_n because_o the_o testator_n take_v no_o notice_n of_o the_o will_n which_o he_o have_v make_v in_o the_o time_n of_o his_o health_n and_o non_fw-la constat_fw-la what_o he_o intend_v by_o these_o word_n which_o be_v set_v down_o in_o the_o codicil_n if_o therefore_o doubtful_a word_n shall_v not_o make_v a_o revocation_n of_o a_o former_a will_n a_o fortiori_fw-la a_o subsequent_a will_n especial_o when_o the_o content_n of_o such_o will_v do_v not_o appear_v shall_v not_o revoke_v a_o former_a it_o be_v argue_v for_o the_o defendant_n contra_fw-la e_o contra_fw-la and_o the_o only_a objection_n be_v that_o a_o latter_a will_n be_v make_v and_o it_o not_o appear_v to_o the_o jury_n what_o be_v contain_v in_o that_o will_n it_o can_v be_v no_o revocation_n because_o no_o express_a word_n of_o revocation_n can_v be_v find_v or_o any_o thing_n which_o be_v contradictory_n to_o the_o first_o will_n and_o without_o the_o one_o or_o the_o other_o a_o former_a will_n can_v be_v revoke_v but_o this_o be_v contrary_n to_o all_o the_o authority_n in_o the_o book_n 443._o linwood_n 175._o swinb_n 7_o part_n sect._n 14._o 2_o h._n 5.8_o pl._n 3._o offiice_fw-la of_o ex._n 443._o which_o show_v that_o a_o testament_n which_o be_v good_a in_o the_o beginning_n may_v become_v void_a by_o make_v of_o a_o subsequent_a will_n by_o word_n of_o revocation_n or_o by_o word_n contradict_v each_o other_o for_o in_o such_o case_n it_o be_v not_o doubt_v but_o the_o first_o will_n be_v revoke_v but_o the_o meaning_n must_v be_v that_o by_o the_o very_a make_n of_o a_o latter_a will_v the_o first_o be_v become_v void_a this_o may_v be_v collect_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o will_n which_o a_o man_n have_v power_n to_o alter_v in_o part_n or_o in_o all_o at_o any_o time_n during_o his_o life_n but_o when_o he_o make_v a_o new_a will_n it_o must_v be_v presume_v that_o he_o declare_v his_o whole_a mind_n in_o it_o for_o if_o his_o intention_n be_v to_o alter_v any_o part_n the_o law_n have_v appoint_v a_o proper_a instrument_n for_o that_o purpose_n which_o be_v a_o codicil_n but_o when_o he_o make_v aliud_fw-la testamentutum_fw-la it_o be_v a_o sign_n that_o he_o intend_v nothing_o of_o his_o former_a will_n shall_v take_v any_o effect_n when_o he_o have_v so_o easy_a a_o method_n to_o alter_v it_o in_o part_n every_o subsequent_a act_n of_o the_o testator_n show_v that_o he_o intend_v a_o revocation_n either_o by_o word_n or_o deed_n and_o there_o be_v great_a reason_n why_o it_o shall_v be_v so_o because_o every_o revocation_n of_o a_o will_n be_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o restitution_n to_o the_o heir_n it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o that_o a_o will_n may_v be_v revoke_v by_o word_n without_o writing_n before_o the_o make_n of_o the_o statute_n against_o fraud_n b._n 1_o rol._n abr._n 614._o dyer_n 310._o b._n etc._n etc._n as_o if_o a_o man_n shall_v say_v that_o he_o will_v alter_v his_o will_n when_o he_o come_v to_o such_o a_o place_n and_o he_o shall_v die_v before_o he_o come_v thither_o this_o be_v a_o revocation_n but_o it_o never_o be_v yet_o controvert_v but_o a_o revocation_n may_v be_v by_o deed_n as_o if_o a_o man_n devise_v land_n to_o another_o 614._o 1_o rol._n abr._n 614._o and_o afterward_o make_v a_o feoffment_n to_o the_o use_n of_o his_o will_n this_o be_v always_o hold_v a_o revocation_n so_o it_o be_v if_o land_n which_o be_v well_o give_v by_o a_o will_n be_v afterward_o by_o another_o will_n devise_v to_o the_o poor_a of_o the_o parish_n 4._o 1_o rol._n abr._n 614._o pl._n 4._o though_o this_o last_o will_n be_v void_a because_o the_o devisee_n have_v not_o a_o capacity_n to_o take_v yet_o it_o be_v a_o revocation_n of_o the_o first_o will_n and_o shall_v a_o will_v which_o be_v lose_v be_v of_o less_o authority_n than_o such_o which_o be_v void_a it_o be_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o there_o may_v be_v a_o subsequent_a will_n which_o may_v not_o contradict_v the_o first_o so_o be_v coward_n be_v case_n where_o both_o will_n do_v appear_v to_o be_v consistent_a but_o that_o be_v not_o parallel_v with_o this_o because_o the_o jury_n have_v find_v that_o the_o testator_n make_v aliud_fw-la testamentum_fw-la which_o word_n aliud_fw-la import_v a_o distinct_a will_n from_o the_o former_a it_o be_v agree_v also_o that_o a_o man_n may_v make_v many_o will_n and_o that_o they_o may_v stand_v together_o and_o it_o must_v also_o be_v agree_v that_o such_o be_v but_o partial_a will_n because_o they_o be_v but_o piece_n of_o the_o whole_a though_o write_v in_o several_a paper_n but_o when_o it_o be_v find_v in_o general_a that_o aliud_fw-la testamentum_fw-la be_v make_v it_o must_v natural_o be_v intend_v of_o his_o whole_a estate_n the_o case_n in_o the_o year_n book_n of_o richard_n iii_o be_v a_o authority_n in_o point_n where_o in_o trespass_n the_o defendant_n justify_v the_o take_n of_o the_o good_n by_o virtue_n of_o a_o will_n by_o which_o they_o be_v devise_v to_o he_o and_o of_o which_o will_v he_o be_v make_v executor_n the_o plaintiff_n reply_v that_o the_o testator_n make_v another_o will_n and_o thereby_o do_v constitute_v he_o executor_n and_o this_o be_v hold_v a_o good_a replication_n without_o a_o traverse_v that_o the_o defendant_n be_v executor_n because_o by_o the_o make_n of_o the_o second_o will_v the_o other_o be_v void_a in_o law_n and_o therefore_o the_o show_v that_o he_o be_v executor_n be_v not_o to_o avoid_v the_o first_o will_n which_o the_o law_n do_v adjudge_v to_o be_v of_o no_o force_n but_o to_o make_v to_o himself_o a_o title_n to_o the_o good_n take_v out_o of_o his_o possession_n if_o a_o man_n shall_v make_v twenty_o codicil_n without_o date_n they_o may_v all_o stand_v together_o but_o if_o he_o make_v two_o will_n without_o date_n they_o be_v both_o void_a the_o reason_n be_v because_o by_o the_o make_n of_o the_o late_a will_v the_o first_o be_v destroy_v and_o it_o be_v incertain_a which_o be_v the_o last_o rather_o than_o the_o rule_n of_o revocation_n shall_v be_v break_v they_o adjudge_v both_o to_o be_v void_a it_o can_v be_v reasonable_o object_v that_o this_o late_a will_n may_v devise_v the_o same_o land_n to_o the_o same_o person_n for_o why_o shall_v a_o man_n be_v think_v so_o vain_a beside_o if_o it_o be_v so_o the_o plaintiff_n shall_v have_v claim_v under_o that_o will._n but_o this_o can_v be_v the_o same_o will_n because_o it_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o verdict_n which_o have_v not_o find_v it_o to_o be_v idem_fw-la but_o aliud_fw-la testamentum_fw-la beside_o it_o be_v in_o the_o case_n of_o a_o heir_n who_o shall_v not_o be_v disinherit_v by_o a_o intendment_n that_o the_o late_a will_n be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o first_o neither_o can_v the_o statute_n of_o will_n have_v any_o influence_n upon_o this_o matter_n 5._o 32_o h._n 8._o c._n 1._o 34_o h._n 8._o c._n 5._o it_o be_v true_a at_o the_o common_a law_n no_o land_n can_v be_v devise_v by_o a_o will_n but_o now_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o h._n 8._o land_n etc._n etc._n in_o socage_n may_v be_v devise_v by_o will_n and_o if_o hold_v in_o knight_n service_n then_o only_o two_o part_n in_o three_o 299._o godolph_n 299._o but_o it_o must_v be_v by_o the_o last_o will._n now_o how_o can_v any_o man_n say_v that_o this_o shall_v be_v a_o devise_n of_o the_o land_n by_o the_o last_o will_n of_o the_o testator_n when_o the_o jury_n find_v he_o make_v aliud_fw-la testamentum_fw-la the_o content_n whereof_o be_v not_o necessary_a to_o be_v show_v because_o the_o defendant_n claim_v as_o heir_n and_o not_o as_o executor_n it_o must_v not_o be_v intend_v that_o this_o will_n shall_v confirm_v or_o stand_v with_o the_o other_o because_o the_o law_n be_v otherwise_o and_o therefore_o if_o the_o plaintiff_n will_v have_v support_v his_o will_n by_o
question_n as_o forfeit_v to_o the_o lady_n who_o enter_v and_o make_v a_o lease_n to_o the_o plaintiff_n upon_o who_o the_o defendant_n reentered_n the_o single_a question_n upon_o this_o special_a verdict_n be_v whether_o this_o be_v a_o forfeiture_n and_o so_o a_o good_a seizure_n to_o bind_v the_o right_n of_o a_o infant_n it_o be_v argue_v for_o the_o plaintiff_n in_o the_o action_n that_o it_o be_v a_o good_a seizure_n and_o a_o forfeiture_n till_o the_o infant_n shall_v come_v of_o age_n for_o as_o a_o copyhold_n be_v establish_v by_o custom_n so_o likewise_o it_o be_v custom_n which_o oblige_v the_o infant_n to_o the_o condition_n thereof_o and_o therefore_o where_o one_o under_o age_n have_v a_o estate_n upon_o a_o condition_n to_o be_v perform_v by_o he_o 157._o 8_o co._n 44._o b._n whittingham_n be_v case_n latch_n 199._o jones_n 157._o and_o that_o condition_n be_v break_v during_o his_o minority_n the_o estate_n be_v lose_v for_o ever_o in_o this_o case_n the_o custom_n oblige_v the_o heir_n to_o be_v admit_v that_o the_o lord_n may_v be_v entitle_v to_o a_o fine_a which_o if_o he_o shall_v lose_v because_o his_o tenant_n be_v a_o infant_n than_o that_o privilege_n of_o infancy_n work_v a_o wrong_n which_o the_o law_n will_v not_o permit_v it_o be_v true_a a_o infant_n shall_v not_o be_v prejudice_v by_o the_o laches_n of_o another_o but_o shall_v be_v answerable_a for_o himself_o and_o therefore_o if_o he_o be_v tenant_n of_o land_n and_o the_o rent_n shall_v be_v unpaid_a for_o two_o year_n and_o no_o distress_n can_v be_v find_v a_o cessavit_fw-la lie_v against_o he_o and_o the_o lord_n shall_v recover_v the_o land_n because_o of_o the_o non-performance_n which_o arise_v by_o his_o own_o default_n so_o if_o one_o under_o age_n be_v a_o keeper_n of_o a_o gaol_n and_o suffer_v a_o prisoner_n to_o escape_v out_o of_o execution_n 382._o 2_o inst_z 382._o a_o action_n of_o debt_n will_v lie_v against_o he_o upon_o the_o statute_n of_o w._n 2._o it_o be_v agree_v that_o such_o a_o custom_n and_o non-claim_a will_v not_o foreclose_v a_o heir_n case_n 8_o co._n 100_o sir_n rich._n letchford_n be_v case_n who_o be_v a_o infant_n and_o beyond_o sea_n at_o the_o time_n of_o his_o ancestor_n death_n though_o he_o be_v bind_v by_o the_o custom_n to_o claim_v it_o at_o the_o next_o court_n but_o that_o if_o he_o will_v come_v over_o and_o tender_v himself_o though_o after_o a_o seizure_n he_o shall_v be_v admit_v and_o so_o shall_v the_o person_n in_o this_o case_n if_o after_o his_o minority_n he_o offer_v himself_o to_o be_v admit_v but_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v 226._o 2_o cro._n 226._o but_o that_o the_o lord_n may_v seize_v when_o the_o heir_n be_v beyond_o sea_n till_o he_o return_v and_o tender_v himself_o to_o be_v admit_v and_o by_o the_o same_o reason_n he_o may_v also_o seize_v in_o this_o case_n during_o the_o minority_n a_o temporary_a forfeiture_n be_v no_o new_a thing_n in_o the_o law_n 7._o cro._n car._n 7._o for_o if_o a_o feme_fw-fr covert_n be_v a_o copyholder_n and_o marry_v and_o her_o husband_n make_v a_o lease_n for_o year_n without_o licence_n of_o the_o lord_n it_o be_v a_o forfeiture_n and_o shall_v bind_v she_o during_o the_o coverture_n so_o the_o law_n be_v 351._o cro._n el._n 351._o that_o the_o lord_n may_v seize_v the_o land_n till_o a_o fine_a be_v pay_v for_o it_o be_v a_o reasonable_a custom_n so_o to_o do_v it_o have_v be_v a_o good_a custom_n for_o the_o lord_n to_o assign_v a_o person_n to_o take_v the_o profit_n of_o a_o copyhold_n estate_n descend_v to_o the_o infant_n during_o his_o minority_n without_o render_v a_o account_n when_o he_o come_v of_o age._n 239._o 1_o leon._n 266._o 2_o leon._n 239._o so_o that_o all_o taht_v be_v to_o be_v do_v in_o this_o case_n be_v to_o enforce_v the_o infant_n to_o be_v admit_v that_o the_o lord_n may_v be_v entitle_v to_o a_o fine_a the_o inheritance_n be_v not_o bind_v but_o the_o land_n be_v only_o seize_v quousque_fw-la e_o contra_fw-la it_o be_v argue_v that_o here_o be_v a_o general_a seizure_n contra_fw-la e_o contra_fw-la which_o can_v extend_v to_o a_o infant_n for_o he_o be_v not_o bind_v in_o a_o writ_n of_o right_n much_o less_o in_o a_o inferior_a court_n after_o three_o proclamation_n but_o if_o this_o have_v be_v a_o temporary_a seizure_n the_o jury_n ought_v to_o have_v find_v it_o so_o which_o be_v not_o do_v there_o be_v many_o authority_n in_o the_o book_n which_o affirm_v that_o a_o infant_n be_v not_o oblige_v to_o be_v admit_v during_o his_o nonage_n 221._o 1_o leon._n 100_o 3_o leon._n 221._o or_o to_o tender_v the_o fine_a in_o order_n to_o a_o admittance_n that_o the_o law_n be_v settle_v in_o this_o point_n and_o therefore_o without_o any_o further_a argument_n he_o pray_v judgement_n for_o the_o defendant_n afterward_o in_o hillary-term_n 1_o willielmi_n &_o mariae_fw-la this_o case_n be_v argue_v seriatim_o at_o the_o bench_n three_o judge_n be_v of_o a_o contrary_a opinion_n to_o the_o chief_a justice_n for_o the_o affirm_v of_o the_o judgement_n justice_n eyre_n premise_v two_o thing_n 1._o that_o he_o can_v not_o intend_v but_o that_o this_o verdict_n have_v find_v a_o absolute_a forfeiture_n the_o jury_n have_v no_o way_n qualify_v it_o as_o to_o a_o certain_a time_n and_o therefore_o he_o will_v give_v a_o judgement_n upon_o the_o whole_a record_n 2._o he_o agree_v that_o a_o feoffment_n of_o a_o infant_n be_v no_o forfeiture_n at_o the_o common_a law_n and_o that_o as_o a_o particular_a custom_n may_v bind_v a_o infant_n for_o a_o time_n so_o it_o may_v bar_v he_o for_o ever_o but_o whether_o this_o custom_n as_o it_o be_v find_v in_o general_a word_n shall_v bind_v a_o infant_n after_o three_o proclamation_n be_v now_o the_o question_n he_o not_o come_v then_o to_o be_v admit_v and_o he_o hold_v that_o it_o shall_v not_o and_o that_o for_o these_o reason_n 1._o the_o right_n of_o infant_n be_v much_o favour_v in_o the_o law_n and_o their_o laches_n shall_v not_o be_v prejudicial_a to_o they_o as_o to_o entry_n or_o claim_n upon_o a_o presumption_n that_o they_o understand_v not_o their_o right_n 401._o 1_o inst_z 380._o 2_o inst_z 401._o and_o therefore_o in_o a_o cessavit_fw-la per_fw-la biennium_fw-la which_o be_v a_o remedy_n give_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o w._n 2._o and_o which_o extend_v to_o infant_n 31._o westm_n 2._o c._n 31._o who_o have_v not_o the_o land_n by_o descent_n for_o if_o a_o cess_a be_v in_o that_o case_n the_o infant_n shall_v have_v his_o age_n because_o the_o law_n intend_v that_o he_o do_v not_o know_v what_o arrearage_n to_o tender_a it_o be_v admit_v that_o if_o a_o infant_n do_v not_o present_a to_o a_o church_n within_o six_o month_n or_o do_v not_o appear_v within_o a_o year_n that_o his_o right_n be_v bind_v but_o this_o be_v because_o the_o law_n be_v more_o tender_a of_o the_o church_n and_o the_o life_n of_o a_o man_n than_o of_o the_o privilege_n of_o infancy_n so_o if_o a_o office_n of_o parkship_n be_v give_v or_o descend_v to_o a_o infant_n if_o the_o condition_n in_o law_n annex_v to_o such_o a_o office_n which_o be_v skill_n be_v not_o observe_v the_o office_n be_v forfeit_v but_o that_o a_o proclamation_n in_o a_o base_a court_n shall_v bind_v a_o infant_n when_o he_o be_v not_o within_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o custom_n be_v not_o agreeable_a either_o to_o law_n or_o reason_n 2._o 568._o cro._n jac._n 80._o cro._n el._n 879._o noy_n 42._o 1_o rol._n abr._n 568._o all_o custom_n be_v to_o be_v take_v strict_o when_o they_o go_v to_o the_o destruction_n of_o a_o estate_n and_o therefore_o a_o custom_n be_v that_o if_o a_o copyholder_n in_o fee_n surrender_v out_o of_o court_n and_o the_o surrendree_n do_v not_o come_v in_o after_o three_o proclamation_n the_o lord_n shall_v seize_v it_o a_o copyholder_n in_o fee_n surrender_v to_o another_o for_o life_n the_o remainder_n over_o in_o fee_n if_o the_o tenant_n for_o life_n will_v not_o come_v in_o he_o in_o the_o remainder_n shall_v not_o be_v bar_v for_o the_o custom_n shall_v be_v intend_v to_o extend_v only_o to_o those_o in_o possession_n but_o the_o infant_n in_o this_o case_n be_v not_o within_o the_o letter_n of_o the_o custom_n for_o it_o be_v find_v that_o the_o surrender_n be_v make_v to_o one_o freeman_n who_o die_v before_o the_o next_o court-day_n and_o that_o john_n freeman_n the_o infant_n be_v his_o son_n and_o heir_n so_o they_o have_v find_v a_o title_n in_o he_o for_o the_o word_n heir_n be_v not_o here_o a_o word_n of_o purchase_n but_o of_o limitation_n 3._o 92._o jones_n 157._o noy_n 92._o infant_n be_v not_o bind_v by_o other_o custom_n like_o this_o as_o a_o custom_n that_o every_o copyholder_n
and_o that_o before_o the_o pardon_n for_o these_o reason_n it_o can_v be_v reve_v in_o the_o party_n sergeant_n pemberton_n and_o mr._n contra_fw-la e_o contra_fw-la finch_n contra_fw-la the_o question_n be_v what_o interest_n the_o king_n have_v by_o this_o verdict_n for_o as_o to_o the_o offence_n itself_o it_o be_v within_o the_o body_n of_o the_o pardon_n for_o all_o misdemeanour_n and_o offence_n be_v pardon_v and_o the_o exception_n do_v not_o reach_v this_o case_n for_o that_o except_v misdemeanour_n in_o answer_v of_o the_o revenue_n now_o that_o which_o arise_v by_o a_o forfeiture_n can_v never_o be_v take_v to_o be_v part_n of_o the_o king_n revenue_n because_o the_o revenue_n be_v proper_o a_o state_v duty_n original_o settle_v on_o the_o king_n and_o the_o penalty_n to_o be_v inflict_v for_o this_o misdemeanour_n can_v be_v a_o revenue_n because_o the_o court_n have_v not_o yet_o give_v judgement_n so_o that_o it_o be_v incertain_a what_o fine_a they_o will_v set_v and_o this_o appear_v more_o plain_a because_o the_o king_n may_v assign_v his_o revenue_n but_o can_v grant_v over_o a_o penalty_n the_o information_n be_v not_o ground_v upon_o any_o act_n of_o parliament_n which_o establish_v the_o revenue_n but_o for_o conceal_v of_o a_o thing_n forfeit_v to_o prevent_v the_o seizure_n thereof_o which_o indeed_o may_v be_v a_o casual_a revenue_n as_o all_o fine_n be_v so_o that_o if_o this_o shall_v be_v take_v as_o a_o offence_n commit_v against_o the_o king_n in_o deceive_v he_o of_o this_o revenue_n than_o the_o first_o part_n of_o the_o pardon_n discharge_v all_o such_o offence_n and_o the_o exception_n pardon_v none_o it_o be_v for_o these_o reason_n that_o the_o case_n can_v fall_v under_o any_o of_o the_o word_n in_o the_o exception_n no_o not_o under_o these_o word_n viz._n money_n due_a or_o to_o be_v due_a to_o the_o king_n because_o no_o money_n be_v yet_o due_a to_o he_o it_o be_v true_a the_o jury_n have_v find_v it_o a_o misdemeanour_n which_o be_v finable_a but_o until_o the_o fine_a be_v set_v no_o money_n be_v due_a because_o the_o court_n may_v set_v a_o great_a or_o less_o fine_a as_o they_o shall_v see_v cause_n and_o if_o any_o other_o construction_n shall_v be_v make_v of_o this_o exception_n than_o every_o thing_n for_o which_o a_o fine_a may_v be_v set_v be_v except_v and_o this_o will_v be_v to_o make_v the_o pardon_n signify_v nothing_o for_o what_o be_v mean_v by_o offence_n and_o misdemeanour_n if_o they_o shall_v be_v pardon_v and_o yet_o the_o fine_a arise_v thereon_o shall_v not_o but_o admit_v that_o all_o offence_n relate_v to_o the_o concealment_n of_o collect_v of_o the_o revenue_n be_v except_v than_o this_o revenue_n must_v be_v either_o antecedent_n or_o it_o must_v arise_v by_o the_o fine_a it_o be_v no_o antecedent_n revenue_n this_o appear_v by_o the_o book_n of_o rate_n wherein_o the_o king_n be_v state_v revenue_n be_v set_v down_o and_o no_o mention_n of_o this_o so_o that_o the_o revenue_n to_o which_o this_o relate_v must_v arise_v upon_o the_o offence_n and_o what_o a_o absurd_a thing_n be_v it_o to_o say_v that_o all_o offence_n be_v pardon_v by_o one_o part_n of_o this_o general_a pardon_n and_o by_o the_o exception_n none_o be_v pardon_v beside_o the_o information_n be_v not_o ground_v upon_o that_o part_n of_o the_o statute_n which_o inflict_v a_o penalty_n upon_o the_o person_n who_o expose_v prohibit_v good_n to_o sale_n for_o than_o they_o will_v sue_v for_o the_o 50_o l._n therefore_o it_o must_v be_v upon_o the_o forfeiture_n which_o be_v express_o pardon_v and_o though_o there_o be_v a_o conviction_n yet_o nothing_o be_v vest_v in_o the_o king_n before_o judgement_n because_o it_o may_v be_v arrest_v and_o therefore_o tooms_n case_n be_v in_o no_o wise_a applicable_a to_o this_o for_o the_o debt_n which_o be_v due_a to_o he_o be_v actual_o vest_v in_o the_o king_n by_o the_o inquisition_n return_v here_o which_o find_v he_o to_o be_v felo_fw-la de_fw-la se_fw-la adjornatur_fw-la anonymus_fw-la a_o libel_n in_o the_o admiralty_n against_o a_o ship_n call_v the_o sussex_n catch_v land_n a_o ship_n be_v pawn_v for_o necessary_n and_o a_o libel_n be_v exhibit_v in_o the_o admiralty_n though_o the_o pawn_n be_v at_o the_o land_n set_v forth_o that_o the_o say_v ship_n want_v necessary_n supper_n altum_fw-la mare_fw-la and_o that_o the_o master_n take_v up_o several_a sum_n of_o the_o plaintiff_n at_o rotterdam_n for_o which_o he_o do_v hypothecate_v the_o say_a ship_n and_o upon_o a_o suggestion_n that_o this_o contract_n be_v make_v at_o st._n katherine_n infra_fw-la corpus_fw-la comitatus_fw-la council_n move_v for_o a_o prohibition_n upon_o which_o a_o question_n do_v arise_v whether_o a_o master_n of_o a_o vessel_n can_v pawn_v it_o on_o the_o coast_n for_o necessary_n and_o the_o person_n to_o who_o it_o be_v pawn_v shall_v sue_v for_o the_o money_n in_o the_o admiralty_n here_o by_o the_o common_a law_n a_o master_n of_o a_o ship_n have_v neither_o a_o general_n or_o special_a property_n in_o it_o 453._o sid._n 453._o and_o therefore_o can_v not_o pawn_v it_o but_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n in_o case_n of_o necessity_n he_o may_v rather_o than_o the_o voyage_n shall_v be_v lose_v and_o if_o any_o such_o cause_n appear_v it_o be_v within_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o admiralty_n but_o then_o the_o pawn_n must_v be_v super_fw-la altum_fw-la mare_fw-la now_o the_o statute_n of_o 28_o h._n 15._o cap._n 15._o h._n 8._o which_o abridge_v the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o admiralty_n in_o trial_n of_o pirate_n and_o which_o appoint_v offence_n commit_v on_o the_o sea_n to_o be_v try_v by_o a_o commission_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n direct_v to_o the_o admiral_n and_o other_o according_a to_o the_o course_n of_o the_o common_a law_n and_o not_o according_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n give_v a_o remedy_n in_o this_o very_a case_n 62._o molloy_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la maritimo_fw-la 62._o for_o it_o provide_v that_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v prejudicial_a to_o any_o person_n for_o take_v of_o victual_n gable_n rape_n etc._n etc._n in_o case_n of_o necessity_n upon_o the_o sea_n pay_v for_o the_o same_o so_o that_o this_o be_v a_o except_a case_n because_o of_o the_o necessity_n and_o it_o be_v like_o the_o case_n of_o sue_v for_o mariner_n wage_n in_o this_o court_n the_o service_n be_v at_o sea_n so_o that_o the_o admiralty_n have_v no_o proper_a jurisdiction_n over_o this_o matter_n it_o be_v true_a prohibition_n have_v be_v deny_v for_o mariner_n wage_n the_o first_o be_v report_v by_o justice_n winch_n 8._o winch._n f._n 8._o but_o the_o reason_n seem_v to_o be_v because_o they_o proceed_v in_o the_o admiralty_n not_o upon_o any_o contract_n at_o land_n but_o upon_o the_o merit_n of_o the_o service_n at_o sea_n and_o allow_v or_o deduct_v the_o wage_n according_a to_o the_o good_a or_o bad_a performance_n of_o the_o service_n in_o the_o voyage_n beside_o there_o be_v a_o act_n of_o parliament_n which_o warrant_v she_o proceed_n in_o the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n for_o mariner_n wage_n 37._o cotton_n abr._n f._n 340._o nu_fw-la 37._o for_o in_o a_o parliament_n hold_v in_o the_o 14_o year_n of_o richard_n ii_o the_o commons_o petitition_v for_o remedy_n against_o great_a wage_n take_v by_o master_n of_o ship_n and_o mariner_n to_o which_o the_o king_n answer_v that_o the_o admiral_n shall_v appoint_v they_o to_o take_v reasonable_a wage_n or_o shall_v punish_v they_o now_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n which_o allow_v the_o pawn_n of_o a_o ship_n for_o necessary_n upon_o the_o high_a sea_n seem_v to_o be_v plain_a because_o there_o may_v be_v a_o extraordinary_a and_o invincible_a necessity_n at_o sea_n but_o not_o at_o land_n so_o that_o this_o be_v a_o contract_n beyond_o sea_n and_o at_o land_n the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n can_v have_v any_o jurisdiction_n over_o it_o 37._o 4_o inst_z 134._o cro._n car._n 603._o latch_n 11._o 2_o brownl_n 37._o for_o where_o the_o common_a law_n can_v relieve_v in_o such_o case_n the_o admiralty_n shall_v not_o because_o they_o be_v limit_v to_o act_n do_v upon_o the_o sea_n and_o in_o case_n of_o necessity_n for_o if_o the_o law_n shall_v be_v otherwise_o the_o master_n may_v take_v up_o as_o much_o money_n as_o he_o will_n mr._n pollexfen_n contra_fw-la 530._o 1_o roll_n 530._o that_o thing_n arise_v upon_o land_n may_v be_v sue_v for_o in_o the_o admiralty_n be_v no_o new_a thing_n for_o so_o it_o be_v in_o all_o case_n of_o stipulation_n mariner_n wage_n be_v also_o recoverable_a in_o that_o court_n not_o by_o virtue_n of_o any_o act_n of_o parliament_n 192._o exton_n mant._n diraeologiae_n f._n 192._o but_o because_o it_o grow_v due_a for_o service_n do_v at_o sea_n which_o be_v proper_o a_o maritime_a cause_n though_o the_o
contract_n for_o that_o service_n with_o the_o master_n be_v at_o land_n but_o the_o principal_a reason_n why_o mariner_n wage_n be_v sue_v for_o in_o the_o admiralty_n be_v because_o the_o ship_n be_v liable_a as_o well_o as_o the_o master_n who_o may_v be_v poor_a and_o not_o able_a to_o answer_v the_o seaman_n curia_fw-la take_v a_o trial_n upon_o the_o necessity_n in_o this_o case_n anonymus_fw-la the_o plaintiff_n recover_v a_o verdict_n against_o the_o defendant_n in_o a_o action_n upon_o the_o case_n the_o defendant_n now_o move_v by_o his_o council_n facias_fw-la the_o court_n will_v not_o order_v a_o plaintiff_n to_o file_v the_o venire_fw-la facias_fw-la that_o the_o plaintiff_n shall_v file_v the_o venire_fw-la facias_fw-la and_o distringas_fw-la because_o all_o writ_n which_o be_v returnable_a in_o this_o court_n ought_v to_o be_v file_v otherwise_o a_o damage_n may_v ensue_v to_o the_o officer_n and_o a_o wrong_n to_o the_o king_n upon_o the_o forfeiture_n of_o issue_n by_o the_o juror_n which_o be_v always_o estreat_v upon_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o distringas_fw-la the_o council_n insist_v upon_o it_o that_o it_o be_v the_o common_a law_n of_o this_o realm_n and_o that_o it_o be_v the_o right_n of_o the_o subject_a that_o all_o writ_n which_o issue_n out_o of_o the_o king_n court_n shall_v be_v file_v that_o the_o panel_n of_o the_o venire_fw-la facias_fw-la be_v part_n of_o the_o record_n and_o that_o a_o attaint_n can_v not_o be_v bring_v against_o the_o jury_n if_o these_o writ_n be_v not_o file_v because_o non_fw-la constat_fw-la de_fw-fr personis_fw-la this_o matter_n be_v refer_v to_o some_o of_o the_o ancient_a clerk_n of_o the_o court_n and_o to_o the_o secondary_a aston_n who_o report_v that_o the_o court_n never_o order_v a_o plaintiff_n to_o file_v a_o venire_fw-la facias_fw-la against_o his_o will._n davies_n be_v case_n trespass_n against_o davies_n and_o powel_n for_o break_v of_o the_o plaintiff_n close_a and_o chase_v and_o kill_v of_o fowl_n in_o his_o free_a warren_n large_a prescription_n for_o all_o the_o tenant_n of_o a_o manor_n to_o fowl_n in_o a_o warren_n good_a though_o it_o be_v object_v that_o it_o be_v too_o large_a the_o defendant_n as_o to_o all_o the_o trespass_n but_o chase_v and_o kill_v of_o the_o fowl_n plead_v not-guilty_a and_o as_o to_o that_o he_o set_v forth_o that_o the_o dean_n and_o chapter_n of_o exeter_n be_v seize_v in_o fee_n of_o the_o manor_n of_o brampton_n of_o which_o the_o say_v warren_n be_v parcel_n and_o that_o they_o and_o all_o those_o who_o estate_n they_o have_v etc._n etc._n have_v liberty_n for_o themselves_o their_o tenant_n and_o farmer_n to_o fowl_n in_o the_o say_v warren_n that_o the_o dean_n and_o chapter_n do_v make_v a_o lease_n of_o parcel_n of_o the_o say_a manor_n to_o the_o defendant_n for_o one_o and_o twenty_o year_n reserve_v a_o rent_n etc._n etc._n and_o so_o they_o justify_v as_o tenant_n etc._n etc._n they_o do_v fowl_n in_o the_o say_v warren_n the_o plaintiff_n reply_v the_o injuria_fw-la sva_fw-la propria_fw-la upon_o which_o they_o be_v at_o issue_n and_o there_o be_v a_o verdict_n for_o the_o defendant_n mr._n pollexfen_v move_v in_o arrest_n of_o judgement_n because_o it_o be_v a_o unreasonable_a prescription_n for_o a_o interest_n in_o every_o tenant_n of_o the_o manor_n to_o fowl_n in_o that_o warren_n it_o have_v be_v so_o rule_v for_o a_o common_a 399._o roll._n abr._n 399._o without_o say_v for_o his_o cattle_n levant_n and_o couchant_a for_o it_o must_v be_v for_o a_o certain_a number_n in_o this_o case_n the_o prescription_n be_v not_o only_o in_o the_o person_n of_o the_o lord_n but_o for_o all_o his_o farmer_n and_o tenant_n who_o can_v prescribe_v to_o have_v a_o free_a warren_n in_o alieno_fw-la solo_fw-la e_o contra_fw-la contra_fw-la e_o contra_fw-la it_o be_v argue_v that_o such_o a_o prescription_n may_v not_o be_v good_a upon_o a_o demurrer_n but_o it_o be_v well_o enough_o after_o a_o verdict_n it_o be_v not_o a_o objection_n to_o say_v that_o this_o prescription_n be_v too_o large_a for_o all_o tenant_n as_o well_o freeholder_n as_o copyholder_n to_o prescribe_v in_o the_o soil_n of_o another_o and_o so_o there_o may_v not_o be_v enough_o for_o the_o lord_n himself_o 256._o yelv._n 187._o 2_o cro._n 256._o because_o this_o be_v a_o profit_n apprender_v in_o alieno_fw-la solo_fw-la and_o for_o such_o the_o tenant_n of_o a_o manor_n may_v prescribe_v by_o a_o que_fw-fr estate_n exclusive_a of_o the_o lord_n and_o of_o that_o opinion_n be_v the_o court_n so_o the_o defendant_n have_v his_o judgement_n anonymus_fw-la nota._n a_o information_n be_v bring_v in_o this_o court_n for_o throw_v down_o of_o hedge_n and_o ditch_n in_o which_o there_o be_v several_a defendant_n who_o plead_v special_o and_o the_o clerk_n of_o the_o crown_n office_n demand_v 13_o s._n and_o 4_o d._n for_o every_o name_n which_o come_v to_o 17_o l._n for_o his_o fee_n in_o this_o plea_n and_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a charge_n the_o defendant_n do_v not_o plead_v but_o let_v judgement_n go_v by_o default_n mr._n pollexfen_v move_v that_o the_o plea_n may_v be_v receive_v and_o that_o it_o may_v be_v inquire_v what_o fee_n be_v due_a which_o the_o court_n will_v not_o try_v upon_o a_o motion_n but_o advise_v a_o indictment_n of_o extortion_n if_o their_o clerk_n be_v guilty_a rex_fw-la versus_fw-la inhabitant_n de_fw-la malden_n sergeant_n shaw_n move_v to_o affirm_v a_o order_n make_v upon_o a_o appeal_n to_o the_o quarter_n session_n of_o the_o peace_n for_o the_o county_n of_o essex_n the_o case_n be_v viz._n writing_n order_n of_o session_n quash_v for_o settle_v a_o poor_a man_n because_o he_o have_v not_o give_v formal_a notice_n in_o writing_n john_n pain_v serve_v a_o apprenticeship_n at_o malden_n where_o he_o marry_v and_o have_v several_a child_n his_o wife_n die_v he_o marry_v another_o woman_n who_o have_v a_o term_n for_o year_n of_o a_o house_n in_o the_o parish_n of_o heybridge_n where_o he_o live_v for_o a_o year_n and_o left_a malden_n afterward_o he_o return_v to_o malden_n be_v rate_v to_o the_o poor_a and_o live_v there_o two_o year_n than_o he_o die_v in_o a_o short_a time_n after_o his_o death_n his_o widow_n and_o child_n be_v remove_v by_o a_o order_n of_o two_o justice_n to_o heybridge_n from_o which_o order_n they_o appeal_v and_o by_o the_o order_n of_o session_n they_o be_v declare_v to_o be_v inhabitant_n of_o malden_n it_o be_v now_o move_v by_o mr._n pollexfen_n to_o quash_n it_o because_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v that_o he_o give_v any_o formal_a notice_n in_o write_v to_o the_o overseer_n of_o malden_n when_o he_o return_v from_o heybridge_n and_o therefore_o aught_o to_o be_v settle_v there_o and_o not_o at_o malden_n for_o be_v tax_v to_o the_o poor_a will_v not_o amount_v to_o notice_n and_o he_o cite_v a_o strong_a case_n which_o be_v viz._n the_o churchwarden_n of_o covent_n garden_n certify_v under_o their_o hand_n that_o such_o a_o person_n be_v a_o inhabitant_n within_o their_o parish_n but_o because_o no_o note_n be_v leave_v with_o they_o pursuant_n to_o the_o statute_n notwithstanding_o such_o certificate_n he_o be_v hold_v to_o be_v no_o inhabitant_n within_o their_o parish_n and_o of_o that_o opinion_n be_v all_o the_o court._n anonymus_fw-la in_o replevin_v three_o person_n make_v cognizance_n as_o bailiff_n to_o a._n guardianum_fw-la whether_o a_o infant_n shall_v make_v cognizance_n per_fw-mi attorn_a or_o per_fw-la guardianum_fw-la and_o so_o justify_v the_o take_n of_o the_o cattle_n damage_n feasant_a in_o his_o ground_n the_o plaintiff_n reply_v that_o the_o cattle_n be_v take_v in_o his_o ground_n and_o traverse_v the_o take_n in_o the_o place_n mention_v in_o the_o cognizance_n there_o be_v judgement_n for_o the_o defendant_n upon_o which_o a_o writ_n of_o error_n be_v bring_v and_o the_o error_n assign_v be_v that_o one_o of_o the_o bailiff_n be_v a_o infant_n and_o make_v cognizance_n per_fw-la attornatum_fw-la when_o he_o ought_v to_o do_v it_o per_fw-la guardianum_fw-la mr._n 441._o 2_o cro._n 441._o 2_o sand_n 212._o 1_o rol._n abr._n 228._o 3_o cro._n 441._o pollexfen_n this_o may_v be_v plead_v in_o abatement_n but_o it_o be_v not_o error_n for_o a_o infant_n administrator_n may_v bring_v a_o action_n of_o debt_n per_fw-la attornatum_fw-la because_o he_o sue_v in_o the_o right_n of_o another_o and_o so_o his_o infancy_n shall_v be_v no_o impediment_n to_o he_o the_o bailiff_n in_o this_o case_n be_v as_o much_o a_o plaintiff_n as_o the_o administrator_n in_o the_o other_o for_o he_o make_v cognizance_n in_o the_o right_n of_o another_o and_o in_o such_o case_n if_o two_o be_v of_o age_n and_o one_o be_v not_o they_o who_o be_v of_o age_n may_v make_v a_o attorney_n for_o he_o who_o be_v not_o so_o if_o there_o be_v two_o
executor_n one_o of_o they_o of_o age_n 212._o 2_o sand._n 212._o and_o the_o other_o not_o one_o may_v make_v a_o attorney_n for_o the_o other_o there_o be_v no_o difference_n between_o executor_n and_o infant_n in_o this_o case_n for_o executor_n recover_v in_o the_o right_n of_o the_o testator_n and_o the_o bailiff_n in_o the_o right_n of_o he_o who_o have_v the_o inheritance_n beside_o the_o avowant_n be_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o plaintiff_n and_o wherever_o a_o plaintiff_n recover_v the_o defendant_n shall_v not_o assign_v infancy_n for_o error_n adjornatur_fw-la capel_n versus_fw-la saltonstal_n indebitatus_fw-la assumpsit_fw-la in_o the_o common_a plea_n abate_v where_o there_o be_v several_a plaintiff_n in_o a_o personal_a thing_n and_o one_o die_v before_o judgement_n the_o action_n be_v abate_v in_o which_o action_n there_o be_v four_o plaintiff_n one_o of_o they_o die_v before_o judgement_n the_o other_o recover_v and_o now_o the_o defendant_n bring_v a_o writ_n of_o error_n in_o this_o court_n to_o reverse_v that_o judgement_n and_o the_o question_n be_v whether_o the_o action_n be_v abate_v by_o the_o death_n of_o this_o person_n those_o who_o argue_v for_o the_o plaintiff_n in_o the_o action_n hold_v that_o the_o debt_n will_v survive_v and_o so_o will_v the_o action_n for_o it_o be_v not_o alter_v by_o the_o death_n of_o the_o party_n for_o where_o damage_n only_o be_v to_o be_v recover_v in_o a_o action_n well_o commence_v by_o several_a plaintiff_n and_o part_n of_o that_o action_n be_v determine_v by_o the_o act_n of_o god_n or_o by_o the_o law_n and_o the_o like_a action_n remain_v for_o the_o residue_n the_o writ_n shall_v not_o abate_v as_o in_o ejectment_n if_o the_o term_n shall_v expire_v pend_v the_o suit_n 285._o 1_o inst_z 285._o the_o plaintiff_n shall_v go_v on_o to_o recover_v damage_n for_o though_o the_o action_n be_v at_o end_n quoad_fw-la the_o possession_n yet_o it_o continue_v for_o the_o damage_n after_o the_o term_n end_v so_o if_o the_o lessor_n bring_v waste_n against_o tenant_n pur_fw-mi auter_n vie_fw-fr and_o pend_v the_o writ_n cestui_fw-fr que_fw-fr vie_fw-fr die_v the_o writ_n shall_v not_o abate_v because_o no_o other_o person_n can_v be_v sue_v for_o damage_n but_o the_o survivor_n so_o where_o trover_n be_v bring_v by_o two_o 198._o 2_o bulst_n 262._o 1_o inst_z 198._o and_o after_o the_o verdict_n one_o of_o they_o die_v the_o judgement_n shall_v not_o be_v arrest_v because_o the_o action_n survive_v to_o the_o other_o mr._n pollexfen_n contra_fw-la he_o admit_v the_o law_n to_o be_v that_o where_o two_o jointenant_n be_v defendant_n the_o death_n of_o one_o will_v not_o abate_v the_o writ_n because_o the_o action_n be_v joint_a and_o several_a against_o they_o but_o in_o all_o case_n where_o two_o or_o more_o be_v to_o recover_v a_o personal_a thing_n there_o the_o death_n or_o release_n of_o one_o shall_v abate_v the_o action_n as_o to_o the_o rest_n though_o it_o be_v otherwise_o when_o they_o be_v defendant_n and_o be_v to_o discharge_v themselves_o of_o a_o personalty_n 19_o 6_o co._n 25._o b._n ruddock_n case_n 2_o cro._n 19_o and_o therefore_o in_o a_o audita_fw-la querela_fw-la by_o two_o the_o death_n of_o one_o shall_v not_o abate_v the_o writ_n because_o it_o be_v in_o discharge_n now_o in_o this_o case_n judgement_n must_v be_v enter_v for_o a_o dead_a man_n which_o can_v be_v for_o it_o be_v not_o consistent_a with_o reason_n the_o case_n of_o wedgewood_n and_o bayly_n be_v express_v in_o it_o which_o be_v this_o trover_n be_v bring_v by_o six_o and_o judgement_n for_o they_o one_o of_o they_o die_v the_o judgement_n can_v not_o be_v enter_v it_o be_v true_a where_o so_o many_o be_v defendant_n and_o one_o die_v the_o action_n be_v not_o abate_v but_o than_o it_o must_v be_v suggest_v on_o the_o roll._n curia_fw-la action_n ground_v upon_o tort_v will_v survive_v but_o those_o upon_o contract_n will_v not_o the_o judgement_n be_v reverse_v fisher_n versus_fw-la wren_n in_o the_o common-plea_n the_o plaintiff_n bring_v a_o action_n of_o trespass_n on_o the_o case_n together_o prescription_n and_o custom_n allege_v together_o and_o declare_v that_o he_o be_v seize_v of_o a_o ancient_a mesuage_n and_o of_o a_o meadow_n and_o a_o acre_n of_o land_n parcel_n of_o the_o demesne_n of_o the_o manor_n of_o crosthwait_n and_o set_v forth_o a_o custom_n to_o grant_v the_o same_o by_o copy_n of_o court_n roll_n and_o that_o there_o be_v several_a freehold_a tenement_n parcel_n of_o the_o say_a manor_n and_o likewise_o several_a customary_a tenement_n parcel_n also_o thereof_o grantable_a ad_fw-la voluntatem_fw-la domini_fw-la and_o that_o all_o the_o freeholder_n etc._n etc._n time_n out_o of_o mind_n etc._n etc._n together_o with_o the_o copyholder_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o say_a manor_n have_v enjoy_v solam_fw-la &_o seperalem_fw-la pasturam_fw-la of_o the_o ground_n call_v garths_n parcel_n of_o the_o say_a manor_n for_o their_o cattle_n levant_n and_o couchant_a etc._n etc._n and_o have_v liberty_n to_o cut_v the_o willow_n grow_v there_o for_o the_o mend_n of_o their_o house_n and_o the_o defendant_n put_v some_o cattle_n into_o the_o say_a ground_n call_v garths_n which_o do_v eat_v the_o willow_n by_o reason_n whereof_o the_o plaintiff_n can_v have_v no_o benefit_n of_o they_o etc._n etc._n upon_o not_o guilty_a plead_v there_o be_v a_o verdict_n for_o the_o plaintiff_n and_o now_o sergeant_n pemberton_n move_v in_o arrest_n of_o judgement_n and_o take_v these_o exception_n 1._o as_o to_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o prescription_n which_o the_o plaintiff_n have_v lay_v to_o be_v in_o the_o freeholder_n and_o then_o allege_v a_o custom_n for_o the_o copyholder_n etc._n etc._n and_o so_o make_v a_o joint_a title_n in_o both_o which_o can_v be_v do_v in_o the_o same_o declaration_n because_o a_o prescription_n be_v always_o allege_v to_o be_v in_o a_o person_n and_o a_o custom_n must_v be_v limit_v to_o a_o place_n and_o therefore_o a_o entire_a thing_n can_v be_v claim_v both_o by_o a_o prescription_n and_o custom_n 351._o vaughan_n 215._o carter_n 200._o 1_o sand._n 351._o because_o the_o grant_v to_o the_o freeholder_n and_o this_o usage_n among_o the_o copiholder_n can_v not_o begin_v together_o 2._o as_o to_o the_o custom_n it_o be_v not_o good_a as_o plead_v to_o exclude_v the_o lord_n for_o it_o can_v never_o have_v a_o good_a commencement_n because_o copyholder_n have_v common_a in_o the_o lord_n soil_v only_o by_o permission_n to_o improve_v their_o estate_n which_o common_a be_v spare_v by_o the_o lord_n and_o use_v by_o the_o tenant_n become_v a_o custom_n but_o no_o usage_n among_o the_o tenant_n or_o permission_n of_o the_o lord_n can_v whole_o divest_v he_o of_o his_o soil_n and_o vest_n a_o interest_n in_o they_o who_o in_o the_o beginning_n be_v only_o his_o tenant_n at_o will._n 325._o 2_o sand._n 325._o 3._o the_o three_o exception_n and_o which_o he_o chief_o rely_v on_o be_v viz._n that_o this_o be_v a_o profit_n apprender_v in_o alieno_fw-la solo_n to_o which_o all_o the_o tenant_n of_o the_o manor_n be_v entitle_v and_o that_o make_v they_o tenant_n in_o common_a and_o therefore_o in_o this_o action_n where_o damage_n be_v to_o be_v recover_v they_o ought_v all_o to_o join_v it_o be_v true_a in_o real_a action_n tenant_n in_o common_a always_o sever_v 347._o 1_o inst_z 197_o 198._o godb._n 347._o but_o in_o trespass_n quare_fw-la clasum_fw-la fregit_fw-la and_o in_o personal_a action_n they_o always_o join_v and_o the_o reason_n be_v plain_a because_o in_o those_o action_n though_o their_o estate_n be_v several_a yet_o the_o damage_n survive_v to_o all_o and_o it_o will_v be_v unreasonable_a to_o bring_v several_a action_n for_o one_o single_a trespass_n e_o contra_fw-la it_o be_v argue_v that_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v contra_fw-la e_o contra_fw-la but_o that_o there_o may_v be_v a_o custom_n or_o prescription_n to_o have_v solam_fw-la &_o seperalem_fw-la pasturam_fw-la but_o whether_o both_o prescription_n and_o custom_n can_v be_v join_v together_o be_v the_o doubt_n now_o before_o the_o court_n and_o as_o to_o that_o he_o hold_v it_o be_v well_o enough_o plead_v 351._o 1_o sand._n 351._o for_o where_o there_o be_v a_o unusual_a right_n there_o must_v be_v the_o like_a remedy_n to_o recover_v that_o right_n it_o be_v thus_o plead_v in_o north_n case_n but_o admit_v it_o not_o to_o be_v well_o plead_v it_o be_v then_o but_o a_o double_a plea_n to_o which_o the_o plaintiff_n ought_v to_o have_v demur_v and_o this_o may_v serve_v for_o a_o answer_n to_o the_o first_o exception_n then_o as_o to_o the_o last_o objection_n that_o it_o be_v a_o profit_n apprender_v in_o alieno_fw-la solo_fw-la for_o which_o all_o the_o tenant_n ought_v to_o join_v it_o be_v true_a a_o common_a be_v no_o more_o than_o a_o profit_n apprender_v etc._n
long_o a_o man_n may_v live_v in_o one_o of_o these_o ancient_a house_n such_o a_o custom_n may_v be_v good_a in_o point_n of_o tenure_n for_o it_o may_v have_v a_o reasonable_a commencement_n between_o lord_n and_o tenant_n but_o this_o can_v be_v good_a as_o lay_v in_o this_o declaration_n for_o several_a reason_n 1._o because_o it_o be_v not_o allege_v that_o the_o defendant_n of_o right_a aught_o to_o keep_v a_o boat_n there_o or_o that_o it_o be_v necessary_a for_o they_o to_o be_v always_o attend_v for_o possible_o it_o may_v require_v the_o use_n of_o skilful_a man_n and_o therefore_o in_o all_o action_n bring_v for_o not_o repair_v of_o way_n it_o be_v allege_v that_o the_o defendant_n reparare_fw-la debuit_fw-la 2._o because_o it_o bring_v a_o charge_n without_o any_o recompense_n 46._o 8_o e._n 4.18_o br._n tit._n custom_n pl._n 46._o and_o this_o must_v be_v very_o unreasonable_a it_o be_v true_a that_o a_o custom_n for_o fisherman_n to_o dry_v their_o net_n upon_o another_o man_n ground_n be_v good_a which_o may_v seem_v to_o be_v a_o charge_n upon_o the_o land_n without_o any_o reward_n but_o the_o reason_n be_v because_o the_o catch_n of_o fish_n be_v for_o the_o public_a benefit_n and_o every_o man_n may_v have_v advantage_n by_o it_o a_o custom_n to_o have_v solam_fw-la &_o separalem_fw-la pasturam_fw-la have_v be_v former_o doubt_v whether_o good_a or_o not_o but_o it_o be_v now_o hold_v to_o be_v good_a because_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o soil_n may_v have_v some_o other_o recompense_n for_o it_o 3._o because_o it_o be_v unlimited_a for_o the_o tenant_n may_v pass_v and_o repass_v ad_fw-la libitum_fw-la according_a to_o this_o custom_n but_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v lay_v for_o their_o necessary_a occasion_n for_o otherwise_o the_o defendant_n may_v be_v deprive_v of_o their_o freehold_n because_o the_o tenant_n may_v always_o keep_v the_o boat_n in_o use_n the_o second_o point_n be_v not_o much_o insist_v on_o which_o be_v as_o to_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o plea_n only_o it_o be_v say_v that_o it_o be_v not_o so_o well_o to_o take_v away_o the_o whole_a prescription_n that_o the_o plea_n may_v have_v be_v good_a if_o it_o have_v be_v quousque_fw-la the_o bridge_n fall_v or_o decay_v than_o the_o prescription_n do_v revive_v again_o the_o 3d._a point_n then_o suppose_v the_o declaration_n to_o be_v sufficient_a yet_o as_o this_o be_v upon_o the_o record_n the_o plaintiff_n can_v not_o have_v this_o action_n because_o he_o have_v set_v forth_o this_o to_o be_v a_o public_a and_o common_a ferry_n for_o all_o people_n to_o pass_v and_o that_o he_o be_v hinder_v but_o do_v not_o show_v any_o particular_a damage_n and_o therefore_o can_v have_v no_o cause_n of_o action_n it_o be_v like_o the_o case_n of_o a_o common_a highway_n which_o be_v out_o of_o repair_n 104._o 27_o h._n 8._o 27._o a._n 1_o inst_z 56._o moor_n 108._o cro._n eliz._n 664._o 5_o co._n 104._o for_o which_o no_o man_n can_v bring_v a_o action_n unless_o he_o have_v a_o particular_a damage_n or_o loss_n more_o than_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o people_n pass_v that_o way_n but_o the_o party_n ought_v to_o be_v indict_v and_o this_o be_v to_o prevent_v multiplicity_n of_o suit_n for_o if_o one_o man_n may_v have_v a_o action_n every_o person_n travel_v that_o way_n may_v have_v the_o like_a another_o exception_n be_v take_v to_o the_o declaration_n viz._n that_o all_o the_o custom_n be_v lay_v to_o be_v for_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o a_o ancient_a vill_n to_o pass_v toll-free_a from_o ferry-lane_n to_o adventurers-bank_n and_o they_o do_v not_o allege_v that_o bank_n to_o be_v within_o the_o vill._n those_o who_o argue_v for_o the_o plaintiff_n hold_v this_o to_o be_v a_o good_a custom_n contra_fw-la e_o contra_fw-la as_o set_v forth_o by_o he_o and_o as_o such_o it_o be_v not_o confine_v to_o the_o same_o rule_n with_o a_o prescription_n which_o must_v have_v a_o lawful_a commencement_n but_o it_o be_v otherwise_o in_o a_o custom_n for_o it_o be_v sufficient_a if_o it_o be_v certain_a and_o reasonable_a the_o case_n cite_v on_o the_o other_o side_n be_v not_o to_o this_o purpose_n because_o they_o concern_v only_o such_o custom_n which_o relate_v to_o some_o interest_n or_o profit_n in_o the_o land_n of_o another_o person_n but_o this_o custom_n be_v only_o in_o a_o matter_n of_o exemption_n and_o easment_n this_o be_v the_o very_a difference_n take_v by_o the_o judge_n in_o gatewood_n be_v case_n co._n 6_o co._n where_o it_o be_v hold_v to_o be_v a_o good_a custom_n for_o every_o inhabitant_n of_o a_o particular_a town_n to_o have_v a_o way_n over_o such_o land_n to_o go_v to_o church_n or_o market_n because_o this_o be_v matter_n of_o easement_n and_o no_o profit_n now_o a_o passage_n over_o a_o river_n be_v no_o more_o than_o a_o way_n and_o may_v be_v tie_v up_o to_o one_o or_o more_o person_n according_a to_o their_o comorancy_n since_o therefore_o no_o interest_n be_v claim_v by_o the_o plaintiff_n but_o only_o a_o easment_n this_o prescription_n need_v not_o be_v lay_v in_o the_o owner_n but_o in_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o vill_n of_o littleport_n it_o may_v be_v compare_v to_o a_o case_n where_o a_o custom_n be_v lay_v for_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o a_o town_n to_o pay_v a_o modus_fw-la in_o discharge_v of_o tithe_n 163._o hob._n 118._o yelv._n 163._o this_o be_v hold_v good_a because_o it_o be_v by_o way_n of_o discharge_n in_o the_o person_n land_n without_o claim_v any_o profit_n in_o that_o of_o another_o it_o be_v also_o like_o the_o common_a case_n of_o a_o market_n when_o a_o man_n have_v pitch_v his_o stall_n there_o no_o person_n can_v remove_v it_o for_o he_o have_v a_o right_a ratione_fw-la comorantiae_fw-la then_o as_o to_o the_o first_o objection_n upon_o the_o first_o point_n that_o a_o custom_n to_o pass_v and_o repass_v ad_fw-la libitum_fw-la can_v be_v good_a it_o be_v answer_v this_o passage_n be_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o high_a way_n over_o which_o a_o man_n may_v pass_v as_o often_o as_o he_o will_v and_o therefore_o it_o be_v well_o enough_o as_o lay_v in_o the_o declaration_n 2._o as_o to_o the_o objection_n that_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v lay_v in_o some_o person_n and_o not_o in_o the_o inhabitant_n it_o be_v say_v this_o be_v a_o easment_n to_o the_o plaintiff_n and_o no_o such_o thing_n can_v be_v to_o one_o man_n but_o it_o make_v another_o a_o crespasser_n and_o it_o be_v no_o interest_n in_o the_o plaintiff_n to_o be_v discharge_v of_o a_o charge_n a_o custom_n to_o grind_v at_o the_o lord_n mill_n discharge_v of_o toll_n rule_v this_o case_n for_o be_v it_o not_o as_o much_o charge_n for_o a_o lord_n of_o a_o manor_n to_o keep_v a_o mill_n as_o for_o the_o defendant_n to_o keep_v a_o boat_n if_o the_o plaintiff_n have_v prescribe_v than_o this_o have_v come_v within_o the_o the_o rule_n of_o gatewood_n be_v case_n but_o he_o have_v allege_v a_o custom_n and_o when_o such_o allegation_n be_v make_v they_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v too_o narrow_o search_v for_o no_o reason_n can_v be_v give_v why_o a_o infant_n at_o 15_o year_n of_o age_n shall_v be_v capable_a to_o make_v a_o feoffment_n in_o one_o town_n and_o not_o in_o another_o 4.3_o 18_o ed._n 4.3_o 3._o then_o as_o to_o the_o three_o point_n that_o this_o be_v lay_v to_o be_v a_o common_a ferry_n the_o plaintiff_n ought_v to_o show_v some_o special_a damage_n to_o maintain_v a_o action_n to_o which_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o the_o right_n be_v on_o the_o plaintiff_n side_n and_o that_o be_v sufficient_a to_o maintain_v the_o action_n it_o be_v not_o like_o the_o case_n of_o a_o common-high-way_n as_o mention_v on_o the_o other_o side_n because_o this_o action_n be_v confine_v to_o littleport_n alone_o and_o no_o man_n be_v entitle_v to_o it_o but_o such_o who_o inhabit_v that_o vill_n so_o that_o every_o man_n can_v bring_v a_o action_n as_o to_o the_o exception_n to_o the_o form_n of_o the_o declaration_n that_o adventurers-bank_n be_v not_o lay_v to_o be_v in_o the_o vill_n it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o plaintiff_n only_o claim_v a_o right_a of_o passage_n over_o the_o river_n which_o be_v lay_v to_o be_v in_o the_o vill_n of_o littleport_n 557._o 2_o cro._n 555_o 557._o the_o bank_n be_v only_o the_o terminus_fw-la ad_fw-la quem_fw-la it_o be_v like_o the_o case_n where_o the_o defendant_n covenant_v to_o repair_v a_o mill_n and_o the_o watercourse_n in_o a_o parish_n and_o also_o the_o bank_n belong_v to_o the_o mill_n in_o which_o case_n the_o plaintiff_n have_v judgement_n though_o he_o do_v not_o show_v in_o what_o will_v the_o bank_n be_v because_o it_o shall_v be_v intend_v to_o be_v in_o the_o same_o vill_n where_o the_o mill_n be_v afterward_o in_o trinity_n term_n
the_o neglect_v in_o this_o case_n be_v in_o the_o servant_n the_o action_n may_v be_v bring_v against_o all_o the_o owner_n for_o it_o be_v ground_v quasi_fw-la ex_fw-la contractu_fw-la though_o there_o be_v no_o actual_a agreement_n between_o the_o plaintiff_n and_o they_o and_o as_o to_o this_o purpose_n 198._o 2_o sand._n 345._o hob._n 206._o hutt_n 121._o 1_o mod._n 198._o it_o be_v like_o the_o case_n where_o a_o sheriff_z levy_z good_n upon_o a_o execution_n which_o be_v rescue_v out_o of_o the_o hand_n of_o his_o bailiff_n this_o appear_v upon_o the_o retorn_a a_o action_n of_o debt_n will_v lie_v against_o he_o though_o there_o be_v no_o actual_a contract_n between_o the_o plaintiff_n and_o he_o for_o he_o have_v take_v the_o good_n in_o execution_n there_o be_v quasi_fw-la a_o contract_n in_o law_n to_o answer_v they_o to_o the_o plaintiff_n 2._o as_o to_o the_o second_o point_n it_o be_v rule_v that_o not-guilty_a be_v a_o good_a plea_n to_o any_o misfeazance_a whatsoever_o and_o that_o a_o plea_n in_o abatement_n viz._n that_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o owner_n super_fw-la se_fw-la susceperunt_fw-la simul_fw-la cum_fw-la defendente_fw-la absque_fw-la hoc_fw-la quod_fw-la defendens_fw-la super_fw-la se_fw-la suscepit_fw-la tantum_fw-la have_v be_v no_o more_o than_o the_o general_a issue_n more_n 3_o cro._n 554._o vering_n versus_fw-la more_n but_o he_o have_v not_o plead_v thus_o justice_n dolben_n agree_v that_o the_o action_n ought_v to_o be_v bring_v against_o all_o the_o proprietor_n it_o be_v upon_o a_o promise_v create_v by_o law_n but_o he_o be_v opinion_n that_o this_o matter_n may_v have_v be_v plead_v in_o abatement_n gold_n versus_fw-la strode_n a_o action_n be_v bring_v in_o somersetshire_n and_o the_o plaintiff_n recover_v and_o have_v judgement_n and_o die_v intestate_a gold_n the_o now_o plaintiff_n take_v out_o letter_n of_o administration_n to_o the_o say_v intestate_a in_o the_o court_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o bath_n and_o wells_n and_o afterward_o bring_v a_o scire_fw-la facias_fw-la upon_o that_o judgement_n against_o the_o defendant_n to_o show_v cause_n quare_fw-la executionem_fw-la habere_fw-la non_fw-la debeat_fw-la he_o have_v judgement_n upon_o this_o scire_fw-la facias_fw-la and_o the_o defendant_n be_v take_v in_o execution_n and_o escape_v a_o action_n of_o debt_n be_v bring_v by_o the_o say_a gold_n against_o this_o defendant_n strode_n who_o be_v then_o sheriff_n for_o the_o escape_n and_o the_o plaintiff_n have_v a_o verdict_n it_o be_v move_v in_o arrest_n of_o judgement_n and_o for_o cause_n show_v that_o if_o the_o administration_n be_v void_a then_o all_o the_o dependency_n upon_o it_o be_v void_a also_o and_o so_o the_o plaintiff_n can_v have_v no_o title_n to_o this_o action_n now_o the_o administration_n be_v void_a because_o the_o enter_v upon_o record_n of_o the_o first_o judgement_n recover_v by_o the_o intestate_a in_o the_o county_n of_o middlesex_n where_o the_o record_n be_v keep_v make_v he_o have_v bona_fw-la notabilia_fw-la in_o several_a county_n and_o then_o by_o the_o law_n administration_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v commit_v to_o the_o plaintiff_n in_o a_o inferior_a diocese_n but_o in_o the_o prerogative_n court_n curia_fw-la the_o sheriff_n shall_v not_o take_v advantage_n of_o this_o since_o the_o judgement_n be_v give_v upon_o the_o scire_fw-la fac._n and_o the_o capias_fw-la ad_fw-la satisfaciendum_fw-la issue_v out_o against_o the_o then_o defendant_n direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n make_v he_o a_o officer_n of_o this_o court_n and_o the_o judgement_n shall_v not_o be_v question_v by_o he_o for_o admit_v it_o to_o be_v a_o recovery_n without_o a_o title_n yet_o he_o shall_v take_v no_o advantage_n of_o it_o till_o the_o judgement_n be_v reverse_v it_o be_v not_o a_o void_a but_o a_o erroneous_a judgement_n and_o when_o a_o person_n be_v in_o execution_n upon_o such_o a_o judgement_n and_o escape_n and_o then_o a_o action_n be_v bring_v against_o the_o gaoler_n or_o sheriff_n 141._o 8_o co._n 141._o and_o judgement_n and_o execution_n thereon_o though_o the_o first_o judgement_n upon_o which_o the_o party_n be_v in_o execution_n shall_v be_v afterward_o reverse_v yet_o the_o judgement_n against_o the_o gaoler_n be_v upon_o a_o collateral_a thing_n execute_v shall_v still_o remain_v in_o force_n the_o ca._n sa._n 84._o 21_o e._n 4._o 23._o b._n cro._n el._n 164._o moor_n 274._o 2_o cro._n 3._o 1_o rol._n abr._n 809_o god_n b._n 403._o 2_o leon._n 84._o be_v a_o sufficient_a authority_n to_o the_o sheriff_n to_o take_v the_o body_n though_o ground_v upon_o a_o erroneous_a judgement_n and_o that_o execution_n shall_v be_v good_a till_o avoid_v by_o error_n and_o no_o false_a imprisonment_n will_v lie_v against_o the_o gaoler_n or_o sheriff_n upon_o such_o a_o arrest_n coghil_n versus_fw-la freelove_n in_o the_o common-plea_n debt_n for_o rent_n be_v bring_v against_o the_o defendant_n as_o administratrix_n of_o thomas_n freelove_n her_o late_a husband_n decease_a 209._o debt_n for_o rent_n incur_v after_o a_o assignment_n by_o a_o administrator_n for_o the_o privity_n of_o contract_n be_v not_o determine_v by_o the_o death_n of_o the_o intestate_a 2_o vent_n 209._o in_o which_o action_n the_o plaintiff_n declare_v that_o on_o the_o one_a of_o may_n 21_o car._n 2._o he_o do_v by_o indenture_n demise_n to_o the_o say_v thomas_n freelove_n one_o message_n and_o certain_a land_n in_o bushey_n in_o hertfordshire_n habendum_fw-la from_o lady_n day_n than_o last_o pass_v for_o and_o during_o the_o term_n of_o 21_o year_n under_o a_o yearly_a rent_n that_o by_o virtue_n thereof_o he_o enter_v and_o be_v possess_v that_o on_o the_o seven_o of_o march_n 1685._o the_o say_v thomas_n freelove_n die_v intestate_a and_o that_o the_o next_o day_n administration_n of_o his_o good_n and_o chattel_n be_v grant_v to_o the_o defendant_n and_o that_o 78_o l._n be_v in_o arrear_n for_o rent_n due_a at_o such_o a_o time_n for_o which_o this_o action_n be_v now_o bring_v in_o the_o detinet_fw-la the_o defendant_n confess_v the_o lease_n prout_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o the_o death_n of_o the_o intestate_a and_o that_o the_o administration_n be_v grant_v to_o she_o but_o say_v that_o before_o the_o rent_n be_v due_a she_o by_o article_n make_v between_o she_o of_o the_o one_o part_n and_o samuel_n freelove_n of_o the_o other_o part_n do_v assign_v the_o say_a indenture_n and_o all_o her_o right_n title_n and_o interest_n thereunto_o and_o which_o she_o have_v in_o the_o premise_n unto_o the_o say_v samuel_n freelove_n who_o enter_v and_o be_v possess_v that_o the_o plaintiff_n have_v notice_n of_o this_o assignment_n before_o he_o bring_v this_o action_n but_o nothing_o be_v say_v of_o his_o acceptance_n to_o this_o plea_n the_o plaintiff_n demur_v and_o the_o defendant_n join_v in_o demurrer_n and_o judgement_n be_v give_v by_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o whole_a court_n for_o the_o plaintiff_n against_o the_o authority_n follow_v viz._n 555._o cro._n eliz._n 555._o it_o be_v true_a in_o overton_n and_o sydal_n be_v case_n it_o be_v resolve_v that_o if_o a_o executor_n of_o lessee_n for_o year_n assign_v his_o interest_n debt_n for_o rent_n will_v not_o lie_v against_o he_o after_o such_o assignment_n the_o reason_n there_o give_v be_v because_o the_o personal_a privity_n of_o the_o contract_n be_v determine_v by_o the_o death_n of_o the_o lessee_n as_o to_o the_o debt_n itself_o and_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n the_o executor_n shall_v not_o be_v liable_a to_o the_o rent_n after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o lessee_n if_o such_o lessee_n do_v make_v a_o assignment_n of_o his_o term_n in_o his_o life-time_n my_o lord_n coke_n mention_v this_o case_n a._n 3_o co._n 24._o a._n in_o his_o three_o report_n affirm_v that_o it_o be_v resolve_v by_o popham_n chief_a justice_n and_o the_o whole_a court_n that_o if_o a_o executor_n of_o a_o lessee_n for_o year_n assign_v his_o interest_n debt_n will_v not_o lie_v against_o he_o for_o rent_n due_a after_o such_o a_o assignment_n 120._o pop._n 120._o but_o my_o lord_n popham_n himself_o in_o report_v that_o very_a case_n tell_v we_o he_o be_v of_o another_o opinion_n which_o be_v that_o so_o long_o as_o the_o covenant_n in_o the_o lease_n have_v the_o nature_n and_o essence_n of_o a_o contract_n it_o shall_v bind_v the_o executor_n of_o the_o lessee_n who_o as_o well_o to_o that_o as_o to_o many_o other_o purpose_n represent_v the_o person_n of_o the_o testator_n and_o be_v privy_a to_o his_o contract_n it_o be_v true_a my_o lord_n popham_n hold_v in_o that_o case_n that_o the_o action_n do_v not_o lie_v but_o because_o it_o be_v bring_v by_o the_o successor_n of_o a_o prebendary_a upon_o a_o lease_n make_v by_o he_o in_o his_o life-time_n who_o be_v a_o single_a corporation_n the_o personal_a contract_n be_v determine_v by_o his_o death_n but_o the_o same_o case_n report_v by_o other_o 262._o moor_n 251._o
revocation_n or_o not_o at_o all_o which_o revocation_n must_v depend_v upon_o the_o construction_n and_o exposition_n of_o the_o six_o paragraph_n in_o the_o statute_n of_o fraud_n etc._n etc._n the_o word_n whereof_o be_v viz._n that_o no_o devise_n of_o land_n etc._n etc._n or_o any_o clause_n thereof_o shall_v be_v revoke_v otherwise_o than_o by_o some_o codicil_n in_o write_v or_o other_o write_n declare_v the_o same_o or_o by_o burn_v cancel_v tear_v or_o obliterate_v the_o same_o by_o the_o testator_n himself_o or_o in_o his_o presence_n and_o by_o his_o direction_n or_o consent_n but_o all_o devise_n of_o land_n etc._n etc._n shall_v be_v good_a until_o burn_v cancel_v tear_v etc._n etc._n by_o the_o testator_n etc._n etc._n or_o unless_o the_o same_o be_v alter_v by_o some_o other_o will_v or_o codicil_n in_o write_v or_o other_o write_n of_o the_o devisor_n sign_v in_o the_o presence_n of_o three_o witness_n declare_v the_o same_o so_o that_o the_o question_n will_v be_v whether_o a_o will_v which_o revoke_v a_o former_a will_n aught_o to_o be_v sign_v by_o the_o testator_n in_o the_o presence_n of_o three_o witness_n it_o be_v clear_a that_o a_o will_n by_o which_o land_n be_v devise_v aught_o to_o be_v so_o sign_v and_o why_o shall_v not_o a_o will_v which_o revoke_v another_o will_v have_v the_o same_o formality_n the_o statute_n seem_v to_o be_v plain_a that_o it_o shall_v for_o it_o say_v that_o a_o will_n shall_v not_o be_v revoke_v but_o by_o some_o will_n or_o codicil_n in_o writing_n or_o other_o write_n of_o the_o devisor_n sign_v by_o he_o in_o the_o presence_n of_o three_o or_o four_o witness_n declare_v the_o same_o which_o last_o clause_n be_v a_o entire_a sentence_n in_o the_o disjunctive_a and_o appoint_v that_o the_o write_v which_o revoke_v a_o will_n must_v be_v sign_v in_o the_o presence_n of_o three_o witness_n etc._n etc._n before_o the_o make_n of_o this_o act_n it_o be_v sufficient_a that_o the_o testator_n give_v direction_n to_o make_v his_o will_n though_o he_o do_v never_o see_v it_o when_o make_v which_o mischief_n be_v now_o remedy_v not_o in_o write_v the_o will_n but_o that_o the_o party_n himself_o shall_v sign_v it_o in_o the_o presence_n of_o three_o witness_n and_o this_o not_o be_v so_o sign_v but_o only_o publish_v by_o the_o testator_n in_o their_o presence_n it_o be_v therefore_o no_o good_a revocation_n justice_n street_n be_v of_o a_o contrary_a opinion_n that_o this_o be_v a_o good_a revocation_n that_o the_o word_n in_o the_o five_o paragraph_n of_o this_o statute_n which_o alter_v the_o law_n be_v viz._n that_o all_o devise_n of_o land_n etc._n etc._n shall_v be_v in_o write_v and_o sign_v by_o the_o party_n so_o devise_v or_o by_o some_o other_o person_n in_o his_o presence_n and_o by_o his_o express_a direction_n and_o shall_v be_v attest_v and_o subscribe_v in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o devisor_n by_o three_o or_o four_o credible_a witness_n in_o which_o paragraph_n there_o be_v two_o part_n 1._o the_o act_n of_o the_o devisor_n which_o be_v to_o sign_v the_o will_n but_o not_o a_o word_n that_o he_o shall_v subscribe_v his_o name_n in_o the_o presence_n of_o three_o witness_n 2._o the_o act_n of_o the_o witness_n viz._n that_o they_o shall_v attest_v and_o subscribe_v the_o will_n in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o devisor_n or_o else_o the_o will_n to_o be_v void_a but_o the_o six_o paragraph_n be_v pen_v after_o another_o manner_n as_o to_o the_o revocation_n of_o a_o will_n which_o must_v be_v by_o some_o codicil_n in_o writing_n or_o other_o write_n declare_v the_o same_o sign_v in_o the_o presence_n of_o three_o witness_n now_o here_o be_v a_o write_n declare_v that_o it_o shall_v be_v revoke_v not_o express_o but_o by_o implication_n and_o though_o that_o clause_n in_o the_o disjunctive_a which_o say_v that_o the_o revocation_n must_v be_v by_o some_o write_n of_o the_o devisor_n sign_v in_o the_o presence_n of_o three_o witness_n etc._n etc._n yet_o in_o the_o same_o paragraph_n it_o be_v say_v that_o it_o may_v be_v revoke_v by_o a_o codicil_n or_o will_n in_o write_v and_o therefore_o a_o exposition_n ought_v to_o be_v make_v upon_o the_o whole_a paragraph_n that_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o law_n may_v more_o full_o appear_v such_o a_o construction_n have_v be_v make_v upon_o a_o whole_a sentence_n 58._o sid._n 328._o 1_o sand._n 58._o where_o part_n thereof_o be_v in_o the_o disjunctive_a as_o for_o instance_n viz._n a_o man_n be_v possess_v of_o a_o lease_n by_o disseisin_n who_o assign_v it_o to_o another_o and_o covenant_v that_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o assignment_n it_o be_v a_o good_a true_a and_o indefeasable_a lease_n and_o that_o the_o plaintiff_n shall_v enjoy_v it_o without_o interruption_n of_o the_o disseisor_n or_o any_o claim_n under_o he_o in_o this_o case_n the_o diffeisee_fw-mi reentered_n and_o though_o the_o covenant_n be_v in_o the_o disjunctive_a to_o defend_v the_o assignee_n from_o the_o disseisor_n or_o any_o claim_n under_o he_o yet_o he_o have_v undertake_v for_o quiet_a enjoyment_n and_o that_o it_o be_v a_o indefeasable_a lease_n it_o be_v adjudge_v that_o a_o exposition_n ought_v to_o be_v make_v upon_o the_o whole_a sentence_n and_o so_o the_o plaintiff_n have_v judgement_n the_o chief_a justice_n herbert_n be_v of_o the_o same_o opinion_n with_o justice_n street_n rex_fw-la versus_fw-la grimes_n and_o thompson_n the_o defendant_n be_v indict_v for_o be_v common_a pawn-broker_n other_o two_o be_v indict_v for_o a_o confederacy_n one_o be_v acquit_v and_o that_o be_v the_o acquittal_n of_o the_o other_o and_o that_o grimes_n have_v unlawful_o obtain_v good_n of_o the_o countess_n of_o etc._n etc._n and_o that_o he_o together_o with_o one_o thompson_n per_fw-la confoederationem_fw-la &_o astutiam_fw-la do_v detain_v the_o say_v good_n until_o the_o countess_n have_v pay_v he_o 12_o guineas_n thompson_n be_v acquit_v and_o grimes_n be_v find_v guilty_a which_o must_v be_v of_o the_o first_o part_n of_o the_o indictment_n only_o for_o it_o can_v not_o be_v per_fw-la confoederationem_fw-la with_o thompsom_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v move_v in_o arrest_n of_o judgement_n that_o to_o obtain_v good_n unlawful_o be_v only_o a_o private_a injury_n for_o which_o the_o party_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v indict_v to_o which_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o a_o plain_a fraud_n be_v lay_v in_o this_o indictment_n which_o be_v sufficient_a to_o maintain_v it_o and_o that_o though_o one_o be_v acquit_v yet_o the_o jury_n have_v find_v the_o other_o guilty_a of_o the_o whole_a but_o the_o court_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o acquittal_n of_o one_o be_v the_o acquittal_n of_o both_o upon_o this_o indictment_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v quash_v king_n versus_fw-la dilliston_n hill_n 2_o &_o 3_o jacobi_n rot._n 494._o a_o writ_n of_o error_n be_v bring_v to_o reverse_v a_o judgement_n in_o ejectment_n give_v in_o the_o common-plea_n custom_n infant_n not_o bind_v by_o a_o custom_n for_o one_o message_n and_o twenty_o acre_n of_o land_n hold_v of_o the_o manor_n of_o swafling_n there_o be_v a_o special_a verdict_n find_v the_o substance_n of_o which_o be_v viz._n that_o the_o land_n in_o question_n be_v copyhold_n hold_v of_o the_o say_a manor_n of_o swafle_v in_o the_o county_n of_o suffolk_n and_o that_o henry_n warner_n and_o elizabeth_n his_o wife_n in_o right_a of_o the_o say_v elizabeth_n be_v seize_v thereof_o for_o life_n remainder_n to_o john_n ballad_n in_o fee_n that_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o say_a manor_n be_v that_o if_o any_o customary_a tenant_n do_v surrender_v his_o estate_n out_o of_o court_n that_o such_o surrender_n shall_v be_v present_v at_o the_o next_o court_n of_o the_o say_a manor_n and_o public_a proclamation_n shall_v be_v make_v three_o court_n day_n afterward_o for_o the_o party_n to_o who_o use_n the_o surrender_n be_v make_v to_o come_v and_o be_v admit_v tenant_n and_o if_o he_o refuse_v then_o after_o three_o proclamation_n make_v in_o each_o of_o the_o say_a court_n the_o steward_n of_o the_o say_a manor_n issue_v forth_o a_o precept_n to_o the_o bailiff_n thereof_o to_o seize_v the_o copyhold_n as_o forfeit_v they_o find_v that_o henry_n warner_n and_o his_o wife_n and_o john_n ballad_n make_v this_o surrender_n out_o of_o court_n to_o the_o use_n of_o robert_n freeman_n and_o his_o heir_n who_o die_v before_o the_o next_o court_n and_o that_o john_n freeman_n a_o infant_n be_v his_o son_n and_o heir_n that_o after_o the_o say_a surrender_n three_o proclamation_n be_v make_v at_o three_o several_a court_n hold_v for_o the_o say_a manor_n but_o that_o the_o say_v john_n freeman_n do_v not_o come_v to_o be_v admit_v tenant_n thereupon_o the_o steward_n of_o the_o say_a manor_n make_v a_o precept_n to_o the_o bailiff_n who_o seize_v the_o land_n in_o