Selected quad for the lemma: land_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
land_n	action_n	defendant_n	plaintiff_n	1,723	5	10.0998	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A40473	The touchstone of precedents, relating to judicial proceedings at common law by G.F. of Grayes-Inn, Esquire.	G. F., of Gray's-Inn.	1682 (1682)	Wing F22; ESTC R14229	160,878	378

Plea in Abatement of the Writ before the default saved 40 E. 3. 2. In a Writ of Aiel Besaiel and Cosinage one shall not plead to the points of the Writ after he hath pleaded in Barr but it is otherwise in an Assise of Mortd ' ancestor as it seems 40 E. 3. 19. Where the Writ abates in part by the Act of the Court and where it is abated by the Parties own Confession As if an Executor brings an Action de clauso fracto de bonis asportatis in this case the Writ shall abate for part and as to the rest it shall be effectual But where the Writ is abated by the Plaintiff it is reason although that it be of his own Conusans that if it abate that the whole shall abate In Assise against two the one pleads in Barr as to a moiety the other pleads jointenancy with a third person the Plaintiff may choose him who pleads in Barr for his Tenant and confess that his writ is false for the other part In Assise against two the one is Tenant the other is Disseisor which Disseisor makes default the other accepts his Companion Tenant with him and pleads in Barr the Plaintiff dissables the Tenant and doth not answer to the Barr for in this case he hath accepted a Tenant which is not Tenant As if Praecipe quòd reddat be brought by two where one is a Bastard or by two persons as Heirs where one of them in truth is not Heir in these cases the whole Writ shallabate because that that is meerly false whichis supposed to be true Two Executors bring an Action of Trespass of Goods carried away in the life-time of the Testator and also of Trees cut down here the Writ is good notwithstanding that the Executors cannot have the Writ for the Trees cut down and if they pray to have an other Writ for the Trees cut down then the whole Writ shall abate quod nota A Defendant or Tenant cannot abate a Writ by his Act but the Act of the Plaintiff or Demandant and the Act of God and also the Act of an Estranger may abate the Writ In a writ of Ravishment de gard by the death of the Infant the writ shall not abate Tenant by Statute-Merchant is disseised the disseisor lets for life the Tenant by the Statute brings an Assise the Lessee dyes the writ shall not abate because he shall recover all in damages But it is otherwise where he is to recover the Freehold because in that case he cannot have the effect of his Judgment A Writ of Admesurement of Common is brought by one against three depending the writ the Plaintiff and one of the Defendants exchange their Lands to which the common is appendant if the writ shall abate it seems not because that notwithstanding the exchange the Plaintiff may have the effect of his Suit which is that the Common may be admesured and at all times pending the writ the Plaintiff and the Defendant who made the exchange were Tenants and the Writ of Admesurement granted between them by reason of their Tenure for there was no mean-time between the parting from the Free-hold in one Acre and the taking the Free-hold in the other Acre and that very instant that the Freehold of the one Acre was parted from the other was vested so that there was cause of Admesurement between them as well after the exchange as there was before A Writ of Admesurement is brought against three one hath nothing in the Common so that the Writ ought to abate because that non-tenure is a good Plea in this Action yet if he that hath nothing before any exception be taken to the Writ purchaseth an Acre of Land by which he ought to have Common in the same Land the Writ is made good As in Praecipe quod reddat brought against him that hath nothing and pending the Writ he purchaseth the same Lands the writ is good So it seems the writ is good notwithstanding no time between the exchange ergo à forciori when there is no mean instant But by the better opinion it seems that the writ shall abate notwithstanding that the party may have the effect of his Suit for that ground is not obsolutely general as Praecipe quòd reddat is brought against me and I have nothing in the Land and pending the writ the Land descends the writ shall abate I bring an Action of wast by reason of the reversion or a Quid juris clamat depending the writ I alien the same Reversion and after purchase the Reversion again yet the writ is abated If a writ of Partition or Nuper obiit be brought and pending the writ the demandant aliens and retakes the Estate to him yet the writ shall abate And yet in all these cases the Plaintiff may have the effect of his Suit But that which causeth the writ to abate is the Act of the Plaintiff for the writ depending he hath aliened that which gives him his cause of Action and therefore the writ shall abate as in the cases aforesaid for as to the Plaintaiff's part his own Act shall abate the writ and not the Act of God nor of the Law except in some cases and as for the Defendants or the Tenants part his own Act shall not abate the writ but the Act of God or of the Law may for if the Tenant aliens depending the writ yet the writ shall not abate but the Demandant shall recover and he that comes in by the Tenant shall be bound by that Recovery And if an exchange had been made by the Plaintiff with a stranger who had nothing in the Common the writ should have been abated without question So for that Acr● which he had when the writ was brought he cannot maintain his writ for put the case that the day the writ was purchas'd the Plaintiff had not any Land by which he ought to have common and afterwards pending the writ he purchas'd an Acre of Land to which the Common is appendant this shall not make the writ good which was nought from the beginning When the writ is made abatable by the Act of the Plaintiff or Demandant Videlicet by his aliening of that thing which gives to him the cause of Action if he pending the writ doth purchase the same again it shall not revive the writ nor make it good WHere the Grant shall be good ab initio although it was incertainat the commencement Note If a Parson will Grant to me all the Wooll which he shall have for Tithe the next year to come this Grant is good and yet the quantity of the Wool is incertain at the time of the Grant But because it may be reduced to a certainty after the Grant it was held good enough 21 H. 6. 43. And so if a man will Grant to me the Perquisits of his Court this incertain Grant is good causâ quâ suprà 21 H. 6. 43. The same Law is where a Feoffment is

So it is of a Lease for years made by a Feme sole reserving Rent and She takes Husband So of an Obligation made to a Feme sole and she takes Husband for otherwise the words of the writ are false But if a Feme sole make a Bailiff of her Mannor of Dale and takes Husband of all the Rent received by the Bailiff after Coverture the Husband shall have an Action of Account in his own name for there the words of the writ are true And when an Action personal is given to the Husband and also to his Wife during the Coverture it is at the Liberty of the Husband to bring the Action in both their names or in his own name if it be so that the Wife may have advantage of it When a thing is given to Husband and Wife by matter of Record then he ought to joyn with her But there is a Diversity when it is of the part of the Plaintiff and when it is on the Defendants part as a Feme sole disseiseth me and takes Husband the Assise lyes against both supposing that they both disseised me So it is of Trespass Note It is at the Election of the Plaintiff to bring his Action of Debt against the Heir or against the Executors A Man marrieth a Wife That hath a Rent Charge out of the Lands of another Rent is arrear before and after marriage The Plaintiff shall recover by Action of Debt against the Grantor or his Heirs Action of Covenant shall not go to the Heir but to the Executors As Action of Debt upon a Bond or a Lease for years the Term goes to the Executors and not the Heir or any thing where damages shall be only recovered for that every Heir may not have Chattels descend and so not this Action A man seized of a House and Goods makes a Lease thereof and after enters and enfeoffs I. S. the Lessee reenters Rent is in arrear I. S. brings his Action of Debt and hath Judgment because the Rent issues out of the House and not out of the goods A man was bound in a Bill Me teneri firmiter obligari in viginti libris solvendum in watches It was questioned whether the Action should be brought for the Watches or the Money But Resolved for the Money Otherwise if the number of Watches had been in the Bill For then it had been for so many Watches to the Value of 20 l. If a man had been indebted to me in a single contract and dyed I could have had no remedy at the Common-Law against his Executors For he might have waged his Law in his Life-time but his Executors could not But now I may have an Action upon the Case against his Executors Assault and Battery and Ejectment will lye both in one Declaration Where two Men are beaten together yet they ought to have several Actions because the Trespass is personal but otherwise it is in real trespasses If you bring your Action for live Cattle it must be Cepit abduxit But if it be dead Goods or Chattels then you must say cepit et asportavit so likewise you say for live Cattle pretii for dead things ad valentiam Divers persons may have an Action of Trespass joyntly for Goods taken or the like But of Battery or such personal Trespass the Action ought to be single unless it be a man and wife And if the man and wife bring an Action of Battery or for Goods taken The writ shall say the Goods of the Husband only For the Wife cannot have property in the Goods during the Coverture An Action lyes against an Executor upon a promise of the Testators upon consideration of forbearing to prosecute but altered since by the late Act to prevent Frauds and Perjuries If there be Three Executors named in the Testament and Two of them refuse the Third may prove the Will alone And yet the other Two may meddle with the Goods when they will and either of them when they will And if an Action be brought it ought to be in all their names notwithstanding such refusal Executors of Executors shall not have an Action of Debt or other Action for any thing due to the first Testator For that they are not Executors to the first Testator or privies to his Will but were Strangers by the Course of the Common-Law But by the Statute of 25 E. 3. Cap. 5. they may Sue and be Sued and shall answer for whatsoever comes to their hands of the first Testator Sr. O. C. seized of an House in Fee and possessed of an other House as Administrator for years Le ts them both for 10 years to the Lady S. who Covenants to keep them in Repair and so Leave them at the end of the Term. Afterwards Sr. O. grants the Reversion of both Houses by several Indentures to I. P. The Lease made to the Lady S. expires and the Houses are left Ruinous Whereupon I. P. brings his Action Nicholls for the Defendant said that the Plaintiff ought to have brought two Writs of Covenant for that the Houses are several and if the Case had been that the Lessor had Covenanted to repair them and had dyed yet the Lessee should have had one Writ against the Heir aad an other Writ against the Executor and when an Action is once severed it can never be joyned again and when Sr. O. hath granted the House of which he was seised in Fee by Deed to P. now the Action is severed and Sr. O. shall have an Action of Covenant for one House and P. for the other And for these Reasons he held the Action not to be well brought Doderidge è contra And first he agreed with the other that two Actions upon this Covenant are maintainable and that if Sr. O. had lett his House the Lessee shall have one Action upon this Covenant and the Lessor another But yet he said this Action will well lye for the Law is excellent in this Point for when the Ground upon which the Action is founded in one notwithstanding the things are several yet all shall be comprised in one Action for frustra fiunt per plura quae fieri possunt per pauciora and with this agrees 14 E. 3. If a man grant a Rent out of his Land to one and sells the same Land and afterwards the vendee grants another Rent-charge out of the same Land to the same person and he is disseised He shall have one Assise for both the Rents So if one distreyn for two Rents and the Tenant rescuos them He shall have but one Writ of Rescous 3 H. 6. 17. 13 H. 7. 12. b. There exception was taken because it supposed a Chasing in two Parks the which ought to have several Punishments Viz. for either Park Imprisonment for 3 years as it is given by the Statute W. 1. and because he joyns the chasing in two Parks together it is not good For a man cannot have a Writ of Ravishment de

ad distringend ' d'per Ballivum Dni ' Regis The Limitation of this distress to the Kings Bailiff is void and it is good to give a power of distress to I. S. the Grantee and his Bailiffs Bacons Elem. of Law 15. Error IF a Writ of Error be brought and allowed And the Plaintiff in the Writ of Error dyes pendente breve Errore the Plaintiff in the Action may sue out a Scire facias against the Executors or Administrators of the Plaintiff in the writ of Error without mentioning the Writ of Error for that it is no Supersedeas but only to privies and not to Strangers When a Writ of Error is allowed Execution upon the former Judgment ought not to be awarded For by the writ of Error the Record it self is Removed and the Court hath nothing whereupon to award Execution Yet supersedeas the safest way If a man Levy a Fine sur Conusance de droit Come Ceo c. And suffer a Recovery of the same Lands and there is Error in them both He cannot bring Error first upon the Fine because by the Recovery his Title of Error is discharged and released in Law inclusively But he must begin with the Error upon the Recovery which he may do because a Fine executed barreth no titles that accrue de puisne tempus after the Fine levied and so restore himself to his Title of Error upon the Fine If a man levyeth a Fine where he hath nothing in the Land which inureth by way of conclusion only and is executory against all purchases and new titles which shall grow to the Conusor afterwards And he purchaseth the Land and suffer a Recovery to the Conusee and in both Fine and Recovery there is Error this Fine is Janus Bifrons and will look forward and Barr him of his Writ of Error brought of the Recovery And therefore it will come to the reason of the first case of the Attainder That he must reply that he hath a Writ also depending of the same Fine and so demand Judgment Execution IN Escape against the Sheriff The Case was That a Prisoner being in Executition the Gaoler lets him out of Prison about his occasions and after the Prisoner returns to the Goal and another Sheriff comes in and then the Prisoner escapes and comes no more It was held That an Action did not lye against the last Sheriff for the Prisoner was utterly discharged of the Execution by the first permissiom of going at large by the Gaoler The Sheriff may not break open the doors of any man to execute a Fieri facias much less a Landlord to distrain by the same reason Judgment in Debt against three and a Capia's ad satis faciendum against the Principal the Sheriff retorns non est inventus upon which issued a Scire facias against the Sureties and before the retorn the Principal came into Court and prayed his Body might be taken in Execution which was done accordingly Mich. 10 Jacobi in C. B. And with this agrees the Course of the Court of King's-Bench and divers Presidents of this Court A Writ of Error was brought 4 November retornable 10 January whereupon the Court was moved for Execution because it seemed to be but for delay in regard the Retorn is so long and with this agrees 4 H. 6. an Execution was granted by the Court Mich. 16 Jac. in C. B. Of Estoppels and Conclusions HE who claims nothing by him that was estopped shall not be estopped As two jointenants are disseised the disseisor lets to the one now he is stopped to say that he hath another Estate than for Life Afterwards he to whom the Land was so let dyes the other Jointenant shall have the Land and he shall not be by that Deed estopped for he claimed nothing by him who was estopped by the Survivor If I am named W. B. and I bring my Action by the name of I. B. and recover by that name afterwards if I will bring my Action against another person by my right name he shall not estop me by that Recovery of the same name for if I had been estop'd I should not have had my Action against the other person but he that is party may estopp me well enough 26 H. 6. 30 H. 6. et 10 E. 4. contr Where he in Reversion or Remainder claims nothing by Tenant for Life he shall not be estopped AS the Father disseiseth the Son and Levies a Fine thereof to a Stranger where Recovery is had against the Father and afterwards the Father dyes the Son enters or he that recovers or he that was party to the Fine between him and the Son brings an Assise and the other pleads the Fine or Recovery by way of Estoppel this is no Plea because that notwithstanding that the Son is privy to him that was estopped yet he claims nothing by him Where there is Lord and Tenant and the Lord lets his Seigniory to one for Life the Tenant for Life of the Seigniory distrains the Tenant and he bring an Action of Trespass against him and he justifies for that he holds of him by ten shillings of Rent and the other traverses it and it is found against the Lord for Term of Life This shall be no Estoppel to him in the Reversion If a man pleads a Plea in which he confesseth a thing that is not material it shall not be an Estoppel As if a man voucheth one as Son and Heir to such a person and when he comes he is bound to warranty by his own Deed yet may say afterwards in an Assise of Mortdancestor that the same person which I vouched before as Son and Heir is a Bastard for the words Son and Heir in his voucher are not material The same Law in a Writ of Trespass brought by one Executor of Goods taken out of his possession Where a writ of Debt is brought by an Executor who counts of a duty due to himself there the word Executor is not material and he shall not be estopped but he may say afterwards that he never was Executor nor ever administred as Executor If a man will plead a Record to estopp him that was privy he ought to shew what end the Action had AS if I bring an Action against you in which Action you plead that at anothe●●ime viz. such a day c. I brought an Action of Trespass against you and the Defendant pleaded Villenage and the Plaintiff confest it he ought to shew further by force of which he was nonsuited and to shew what end the Plea had and demand Judgment if against that he shall be answered Where a man hath Judgment to recover Land by that Judgment he shall be estopped to claim any other Title than he hath by the Recovery AS if a man recover by Writ of Right Sur disclamer if the Tenant ceaseth afterwards he shall not have a Cessavit to recover the Land though he sues not out Execution for he shall be estopped to claim

Scire Facias it shall be tryed in one Case by the Natives in the other by the Certificate of the Captain M. 11. H. 7. pl. 17. P. 21 E. 4. pl. 4. The Sheriff returns the Exigent thus Ad Comitat ' tent ' apud C. in Comitat ' Somerset 5. Exactus non comperuit because 't is not said ad Comitat ' Somerset nor Somerset set in the Margin 'T is held to be ill because it might be the County Court was not held in the County of Somerset but in another County sed adjornatur M. 11. H. 7. pl. 33. H. 6. H. 7. pl. 7. One taken upon a Capias utlegat ' by the Name of J. S. Gentleman says he is a Yeoman and was c. Scire Facias against the Plaintiff and issue that he is and was a Gentleman and the party was bailed the King dies before the Issue tried the party comes in Court temps the next King and is committed for the Bail was determined and the Cap ' utlegat ' also and a new utlegat ' awarded and returned and then he pleaded the same plea again and issue for before he could not all being determined M 1. E. 4. pl. 7. Original against W. B. Cap ' against J. B. and Outlawry shall be reversed by Moyle Danby contra Et sic per Moyle if all the three Cap ' had been against J. B. for then no Cap ' had been against W. B. quod Danby denied M. 15. E. 4. pl. 17. Trespass and Judgment for the Party and Fine for the King and Exigent at the Suit of the King and after two or three Courtiers of the King send a Supersed ' under the Privy Seal they proceed to Outlawry but shall not prevail for though the King have this Fine by reason of the parties Suit and if the party be taken he shall be Imprisoned and not discharged at the Parties Suit if he will yet till he be taken 't is only the King's Suit and the Parties have no Interest in it and if the Defendant be Outlawed after the Supersedeas 't is Error and shall be reversed P. 4. E. 4. pl. 24 36. Tr. 4. E. 4. pl. 4. M. 4. E. 4. pl. 14. H. 4. E. 4. pl. 3. vid. Co. 5. rep 88 89. The Sheriff returns the Copy of the Exigent and not the Writ it self with Proclamation c. he shall be Amerced for the Imbezlement of the Writ and if the Party render himself to the Chief Justice in Vacation time and get a Supersedeas whether he shewed it to the Sheriff or not it shall be entered in the Term and the utlegat ' discharg'd 1 Inst 128. and idem ibid. 43. b. If Error be brought of an Outlawry and it appear doubtful a Special Supersedeas shall go to the Sheriff quod capiat securitatem que les biens ne serront illoine vide 9 H. 6 44. a. b. utlegat ' after Supersedeas void and 7 H. 4. 1. a. if void and the party shall be restored to his Goods 7 H. 4 5 b. Supersedeas and Exigent rules at the day and a new Exigent and a Supersedeas the Outlawry after void H. 4. E. 4. pl. 3. Tr. 5. E. 4. pl. 13. le Amerciamt ' 37 H. 6 17. vide 3 H. 4 5. a. 8 H. 4. Cas Prin. 8 H. 4 7. a. 11 H. 4 34. a. Audita Quarela by one in Execution and he offered in Mainprize the other ut amicus Curiae surmised that the Plaintiff is Outlawed wherefore he ought to stay in Prison for the King 's Fine wherefore he was put to reverse the Outlawry or sue a Pardon H. 6. E. 4. pl. 1. The Plaintiff had sued three several Executions against the Defendant and brought Supersedeas for every one but there was granted a● Exigent with Precept that if any Supersedeas come to the Sheriff he should not allow it P. 7. E. 4. pl. 20. Error of an Outlawry in Debt after Judgment because no Proclamation went into the County where the party inhabited but being after Judgment resolved it need not but only in Outlawry and Process before App ' but because in all the Proceedings she was named A de B. and in the Exigent she is named nuper de B. and because it was recuperavit versus eum for eam it was reversed Lady Gargrave against Markham 2 Cro. 516. Exigent in London and 't is returned quod ad Husting ' c. and recites a Form which was ad Husting ' de Com' plit ' and that assigned for Error 2. The Exigent is that he non comperuit and 't is returned the same day it bears Teste and that was held Error Archer against Dalby 2 Cro. 660. Outlawry reversed because the Exigent supposes that Robert the Plaintiff did sue the said Robert whereas the Plaintiff's name was Thomas and Defendant being ready in Court it was reversed immediately Jonson against Kite One enters a Judgment and then is Outlawed in a personal Action then makes a Feoffment of the Lands and he that has the Judgment extends the Lands in the Hands of the Feoffee and well For by this Outlawry the King has but a pernancy of the Profits of which he is prevented by the Feoffment before Seisure not if after Seisure and if by Feoffment after Inquisition found before it be returned ibidem Opinio if the Seisure be Virtute Officii Tenant after puts the King out not if seized Virtute Windsor against Savel Outlawry against two reversed because it 's entred ideo Vtlegat ' sunt and not uterque eorum Vtlegat ' P. 15 Caroli Secundi B. R. One Outlawed after Judgment comes and pleads Misnomer and has Fieri Facias against the party and he returned Mort● Another Scire Facias is awarded after against the Executors and Tryal of Misnomer in this Case shall not be by Averment taken for the King but the Executors shall be made parties because it Trenches to the whole Duty but upon mort ' ret ' no Scire Facias goes against the Executors but the Misnomer is tried between the King and the Defendant 21 H. 6 21. a. 22 H. 6 7. a. In detinue of Charters and other Writings As to the other Writings the King waged Law and then as to the Charters he pleaded in Bar by Att ' nolens volens the pl. For of them concerning the Freehold no Process of Outlawry lies but Distress infinite and 8 H. 6. 23 30. Vtlegat ' lies not in Detinue for Charters and other Goods for the Charters draw the other Goods to them 21 H. 6. 42. a. 30 H. 4. b. Upon a Cap ' utlegat ' before Judgment the Sheriff may break open an House but the Plaintiff sending a Process in another Man's Name feigned an Outlawry where his Writ was but a Latitat 't is an abuse of Process and he Fined 50 l. Hob. 263. Waterhouse against Saltmarsh If one that is Outlawed for Treason Peer or Peasant be out of the Realm at the time of the Outlawry yet he cannot

a Chest By which he lost his Marriage with A. D. c. I. S. shall have an Action for these words 2 Cro. 323. Mathews Case Mich. 12. Jac. B. R. Sell against Fairee per Cur. To say to a Woman Thou art a Whore I will marr thy Marriage by which she loseth her Marriage an Action lyes Trin. 22 Jac. B. R. Tonson against Spring adjudged upon Arrest of Judgment In Action upon the Case if the Plaintiff declare that she hath many Wooers to marry her and that the Defendant said of her She is with Child and hath taken Physick for it whereby she came into Disgrace Et perdidit consortium vicinorum suorum c. Although that it be not alledged that she lost any Marriage thereby yet the Action lyes Mich. 21. Jac. B. R. Medhurst against Balam adjudged in Arrest of Judgment If a man saith to an other Thou wast found in Bed with J. S. his Wife by reason of the speaking of which words he lost his Marriage with A. S. c. Although that he might be in Bed with her without any ill done yet because that it sounds in Disgrace and he hath lost his Marriage by it the Action lyes Mich. 8. Car. B. R. Southal against Dawson adjudg'd in Arrest of Judgment If the Plaintiff in an Action of the Case for words declare that the Defendant said of him He had the use of my Wife's Body by Force by reason of which words he was brought before certain Justices c. and examined by them for a Rape committed by him upon the said Woman whereupon to purge himself thereof he expended divers Sums of Money an Action lyes upon this Deelaration for the temporal Dimage he had thereby Mich. 9. Car. B. R. Harris against Smith adjudged upon Writ of Error In Action upon the Case if the plaintiff declares that in London by the Custom a Common Whore ought to be carted and a Bason rung before her And that the Defendant spoke these words of the Plaintiff Thou art a Whore and a common Whore and art a Bawd to thy Mistress and I will have a Bason tinged before thee the Action well lyes upon this Declaration for these Words Trin. 15. Car. B. R. Hassell against Capcot adjudged in Arrest of Judgment In Action upon the Case if the Plaintiff declare that in London there is a Custom that a Bawd ought to be carted and the Defendant said these words of the Plaintiff She is a Bawd and I will have her carted Hill 15 Car. B. R. Riley against Lewes adjudged in Arrest of Judgment If the Plaintiff declares in an Action upon the Case that whereas he was a Parishoner of S. the Defendant being Vicar there to the intent to scandalize the plaintiff and to create an evil opinion of the plaintiff among his Neighbours so that they Abstraherent seipsos à consortio of the plaintiff tanquam ab homine excommunicato nulla fide aut credentia digno and to exclude the Plaintiff injustly from the Church and for a long time to deprive him of the benefit of hearing divine Service in the said Church the Defendant in time of divine Service in the Church in the hearing of the parishioners maliciously pronounced the plaintiff excommunicated Praetextu cujusdam Instrumenti by him received from the Ordinary whereas he never had any such Instrument of Excommunication nor was he excommunicated And also at another time to the same Intent aforesaid in time of Divine Service in the hearing of the parishoners maliciously pronounced the plaintiff excommunicated and refused farther to celebrate divine Service until the plaintiff departed out of the Church whereupon the plaintiff was compelled to go out of the Church whereas the plaintiff was not excommunicated whereby the plaintiff was scandalized and hindred from hearing Divine Service for a long time and for the clearing of this Scandal and of his Innocency therein Diversos corporis sui grandes labores capere diversas ingentes denariorum summas errogare exponere coactus fuit in extremam depauperationem ignominium maximum of the plaintiff This Action lyes notwithstanding he doth not shew that any person did avoid his Company or refused to trade or deal with him and notwithstanding he doth not set forth any temporal or spiritual loss for it is a great Scandal and malicious tho to his Soul and spiritual Mich. Car. B. R. Barnabas against Traunter Adjudged in Arrest of Judgment If a man saith of another who hath lands by discent That he is a Bastard an Action upon the Case lyes for it tends to his Disinheritance and disturbance by Suit Mich. 3. Jac. B. R. per Curiam In an Action upon the Case if the plaintiff declare that he was Heir apparent to his Father and B. his Brother and that either of them hath Lands in Fee to the value of 40 l. per annum and that they did intend to suffer the said Lands to descend to him or to convey the same to him yet the defendant intending to disinherit the plaintiff said to the plaintiff Thou art a Bastard whereby his Father and Brother intended to disinherit him and to convey their Lands to another The Action lyes upon this Declaration for the temporal damage which might come to him thereby Pasch 13. Car. B. R. Humfries against Stutfield Adjudged in Arrest of Judgment Where there was Grand-father Father and Son and the Son brought an Action upon the Case and declared that the Grand-father whose heir he is entailed certain Lands upon him and the Heirs males of his Body and the Defendant intending to scandalize his possibility that he hath to inherit this Land as Heir of the body of his Grand-father said that he was a Bastard notwithstanding that the Grand-father and Father were alive yet the Action brought as above by the Son did lye Humfries Case ubi supra In an Action upon the Case if the Plaintiff declare that he exhibited Articles in the Kings Bench against the defendant for the good abearing and swear the Articles to be true before Justice W. Innuendo the said Oath taken upon the said Articles although it be not averr'd that the Oath was taken of Record yet the Action lyes for it shall be intended the Articles exhibited in Court and sworn before a Justice of the Court Mich. 10. Car. B. R. Yolden against Wannel Adjudged in Arrest of Judgment If a man saith of an other He hath written a forged Will wherein I will prove him salse forsworn and perjur'd in a Will that he made of John Hunt an Action lyes for these words for it shall be intended that he was perjur'd in his Oath taken touching the said Will. Hil. 12. Car. in B. R. Cowley against Clough In an Action upon the Case if the plaintiff declare that there was a Writ to inquire of Damages between A. and B. in a Court of C. at the Sessions-house where he was sworn to give Evidence according to his Knowledge

THE TOUCHSTONE OF Precedents Relating to JUDICIAL PROCEEDINGS AT Common Law By G. F. of Grayes-Inn Esquire In magnis voluisse sat est Hor. LONDON Printed for Awnsham Churchill at the Black Swan at the lower end of Paternoster-Row near Amen-Corner 1682. TO THE READER NOtwithstanding the present Age hath so plentifully abounded with Books of Pleading in Publick yet certainly there hath been as manifest a Deficiency of some good Directions for the Understanding them tho' perhaps one Reason hath been for that Pleading is esteemed by the Learned the most difficult part of the Study of the Law and therefore Collections of this Kind more liable to the Censure of the Over-critical 'T is true there are two Tracts extant upon this Subject but it happens so unluckily that one is but the particular Observations of a single Person in part of his Time at the Bar and the other as Antique or Obsolete as the Language it is writ in and much wanting the finishing hand of the Designer Such hath been our misfortune as to this Subject and we may well deplore our ill fate that none of the Learned Gentlemen of the Long Robe hath yet given us their Rules and Methods on a Subject so Excellent as the Incomparable Littleton doth Characterize it viz. And know my Son that it is one of the most honourable laudable and profitable things in our Law to have the Science of good Pleading in Actions Real and Personal and therefore I counsel thee especially to employ thy Courage and Care to learn it The Reader will here find most Excellent Directions to guide him in his Practice through the Difficulties of the several Parts of Pleading wherein the Nature of Writs Counts Barrs Pleas Replications Rejoinders Issues as also Disclaimers Discontinuances Estoppels Conclusions Departures Double Pleas c. are Succinctly and Methodically handled from Authorities in the Law both Ancient and Modern far more useful and beneficial than any Collection hitherto Published as will sufficiently appear to any intelligible Person upon a strict and serious perusal of the Book it self Abatement of Writ or Count. IN Debt by two Executors one was summoned and severed and dyed and it was adjudged that it should not abate the Writ Co. 10. Read and Redman's Case If there be two Joynt-Tenants and the one is summoned and severed and dyes the Writ shall abate but in a Stire facias the death of one after Summons and Severance shall not abate the Writ Co. ib. Where note the difference between a Writ Original and a Judicial Writ Two Coparceners one is summoned and severed and hath Issue and dyes there the writ shall abate for that his Issue hath Title to the Moiety Co. ibid. But if one of the Coparceners takes husband the writ shall not abate In all Actions personal or mixt where the intire thing is to be recovered as in Quar● Impedit Detinue of writings and the like there after summons and severans the death of one shall not abate the Writ Also the death of one after Judgment in personal Actions shall not abate the writ although there be no severans Co. ib. Where the Writ goes in discharge as an Audita Querela and the one is summoned and severed and dies the Writ shall not abate Co. ib. Note In all personal Actions where no severans lyes there the death of one of the parties shall abate the Writ but not if it be a Judicial Writ after Judgment Co. ubi supra In Formedon against divers some plead Non tenure and others take the Tenancy upon them intirely the writ shall not abate and those who plead Non tenure shall not have Judgment 22 E. 4. 4. 4 E. 4. 33 a. Stat. 25 E. 3. 13. Misnosmer in a Scire facias shall abate the writ 9 E. 4. 35. a. If a Praecipe be brought of a Mannor and 20 s. Rent it is a good Plea to say that the Rent is parcel of the Mannor So in Formedon for Land it is a good plea to say that the Demandant hath brought another Formedon of 20 s. Rent issuing out of the same Land 3 H. 7. 3. A Writ was brought against A. Rector of B. de placito debiti 100 s. The Defendant pleaded That die impetrationis predicti brevis he was commorant at C. in another County but the Court would not allow the Plea because a Rector is always supposed to be resident upon his Benefice quod nota So a man that hath two Benefices shall be intended to dwell upon them both although he doth not deny that he is Parson 10 H. 6. 8. Co. 11. Magdel Colledg Case In a Writ of Right of Advowson against A. B. Dean of C. he pleaded That by Authority of Parliament the Corporation was defeated and avoided and it was held by Brian to be a good Plea 4 H. 7. 7. Rast Entr. 101 182. In Assise it is a good plea to the Writ to say that the Plaintiff was seised of the Freehold of the Lands in the Plaint but in a Forcible Entry it is no plea to say that he was seised the day that the Writ was purchased 5 H. 7. 41. Death or Coverture at the time of purchasing the writ shall abate the writ de facto but Coverture afterwards makes it but abateable 32 H. 6. 11. 3. Br. 138. Co. Entr. 173. Rast Entr. 107 108 126 161. It is no Plea to the Writ to say that the Summons were of other Lands for the Defendant may wage his Law de non Sum. 37 H. 6. 26. A Quare Impedit was brought and the Plaintiff made his Title to the Advowson as appendant The Defendant said that a Moiety was in Gross and it was doubted whether this Plea should go to the Writ or to the Action 32 H. 6. 10 11 12. A Quare Impedit is brought against the Incumbent without naming the Patron he being alive this makes the Writ only abateable and is not good upon a Writ of Error In a Writ of Quare Impedit or other Original Writs the death of the King before Judgment shall abate the Writ de facto but it is otherwise where the Defendant dies But in an Information for the King or for the King and the Informer upon the death of the King before Judgment the whole Proceedings are discontinued but the Information it self shall stand good and Process shall be awarded against the party de novo So of Indictments that are not for Felony or Treason for after Trial they are within the Statute of 1 E. 6. ca. 7. When the Original bears Teste before the cause of Action accrues the Writ shall abate de facto propter defectum Anderson 1. 241. a. 96. Rast Entr. 459. Co. Entr. 624. Brown's Entries 1. Part Tit. Abatement The death of the Plaintiff of Plaintiffs or of one or more of the Plaintiffs where there be many shall abate the writ Rast Entr. 416. Fitz. N. Br. 35. B. Where it appears by the plaintiffs own shewing that he had

that so many Beasts were killed which were all c. As Maleveres Case cited Bond to pay all Rents of a Mannor they must set forth that such Rents be paid which were all but resolved good for where the length of particulars would cumber Records 't is allowed to plead generally to all affirmatives as performance of all Covenants c. and the Case cited doubted of unless it being certain may be set down in short Mints versus Bethell 3 Cro 749. Debt upon Obligation the Defendant pleads quod factum predict ' was sealed without date and the Plaintiff put in a date after Et sic non est factum and on demurrer adjudged against him for by saying factum praedictum he has confest his Bond but he should have pleaded non est factum Cospee versus Turner 3 Cro. 800. Debt super Obligation conditionee to redeem Lands mortgaged the Defendant Pleads that they were not mortgaged the Plaintiff replyes that they were mortgaged and sayes not how by Feoffment Bargain and Sale c. yet well being a stranger to it Baley versus Tayler 3 Cro. 899. Debt upon Obligation made to perform a Will which was to pay 20 l. to the Poor and the Church-Wardens of such a Parish he Pleads payment to the Church-Wardens and Poor without naming of them yet good ●ring versus Laws 1 Leon. 17. Debt on an Obligation to perform an Award to deliver up all the Houses that he had he pleads that he delivered up all c. without shewing what they were and adjudged ill and where it was awarded he should discharge and save harmless A. from such an Obligation he pleads non damnif ill for he was not only to save him harmless but to discharge him of the Bond and that ought to be shewed now Bret versus Andrew 1 Leon. 71 M. 2. R 3. b. 17. Debt in Wast of a Lease for years generally the Defendant pleaded that the Lessor nil habet the Plaintiff replies that the Lease was by Indenture a good Estoppel no Departure for it corroborates the Declaration 1 Leon. 257. Debt super Obligation Condition That I. S. shall not disturb the Plaintiff in his possession by any indirect means but by due course in Law objected the plea ill because not shewed how by due Course viz. what suit 't is agreed the plea had been good if he had said only not disturbed by any indirect means but doubted if not ill because he pleads over by any Lawful means and shews not what so it might be tryed Dighton and Clark's Case 2 Leon. 199. Debt upon Obligation conditioned inter alia to account the Defendant pleads conditions performed the Plaintiff replyes he had not accompted ill not shewing what he had to accompt for and difference taken when the Condition is in the negative not to do a thing 't is sufficient to say he did not do it And when in the Affirmative to do as to perform his office and to Enfeoffe him of all his Land c. there he might shew what his office was and what Lands he had And that he did c. M. 2. R 3. fo 17. Pl. 44 vide Latch 16. 1 Leon. 136. Tr. 4 H. 7. Pl. 6. In Debt on an Obligation the Defendant pleads payment and the Obligee delivers up the Obligation in nature of Acquittance and after Retainsit by force the Plea not double as objected the payment not being now issuable but only the delivery of an Acquittance also the delivery is pursuant enough and though difference taken in Debt on a contract to plead Payment and Acquittance as double yet in Debt on a Bond not H 1. H 7. fo 15 16. Debt upon Obligation conditioned to gather all the Amerciaments of the County c. the Defendant pleads that he collected all c. without shewing what they were yet good as well to prevent infiniteness as for that they are not in fact and in the Affirmative otherwise if matter of Record as to be nonsuit in all c. there he must shew the several suits per Bryan H 2. H 7. Pl. 22 p 13. H 7. Pl 1. m 21. E 4. Pl 37. Debt to perform an Obligation conditioned to perform an Award Ita quod c. The Defendant pleads that the Arbitrators made no Award nor demanded it 't is a double Plea one that they made not c. and the other that they did not c. m 5. H 7. Pl 15. Debt upon Obligation to make Assurance as Councel should advise pleads that Councel advised and he gave notice c. not double though the advice and notice be two things traverse for without notice no sufficient breach Tr. 6. H 7. Pl. 5. I am bound to perform all Covenants of an Indenture if they be all Affirmative and matter in fact I may alledge performance generally without shewing how or what they be otherwise of matter of Record but if the Covenants be in the negative I must plead negatively to them particularly if the Covenant be disjunctive I must shew which part I have performed and if the Covenants be in the Affirmative and the Obligee to do an Act towards the performance I must answer it particularly as Covenant in sale of Woods to leave six Trees standing at the appointment of the Bargainer must shew what he did or did not appoint so if the Covenant be an Affirmative that implyes a negative as to save harmless I may plead the negative non damp●ificatus P. 10 H 7. Pl 3. P. 16. H 7. 11 1. Co Jnst 303 b. a. b. 13 H. 7 pl. 1. M. 21. E 4. pl. 18. Debt the Defendant pleads the Statute of Usury and that the Plaintiff lent him c. 12 July and shews no usurious contract the Plaintiff replyes and shews the lending to be for a longer time and so not usury Absque hoc quod corrupta c. the Defendant rejoyns that it was but for the shorter time absque hoc that upon the 12 th of July was agreed for a longer time the traverse tying him up to the 12 th of July and so make the day material ill Nevison versus Whitby 1 Cro. 260. In Debt against an Executor he pleads quod non habet nec hab●it die impetrationis bille bona que fuerum Testator ' tempor● mortis s●e preterquam c. Exceptions that tempore mortis is ill for he may have Goods that were not his tempore mortis and damages recovered Lands devised to be sold and sold and yet are disallowed for not intended still shewed Secondly because he sayes non h●b●t tempore bille but sayes not unquam post●● 't is incurably ill for if he had the day of the Ple● pleaded 't is Assets Green versus ●olls 2 Cro. 131 132. Debt on a Statute Merchant the Defendant pleads that the Clerk mentioned was no Clerk at the time but did not insist on it and seems not Pleadable for a Statute is a Record and 't is against a

was the Opinion of Twisden in the King's-Bench H. 22 23. Car. 2. That if a Forraign plea which is not local be pleaded the Plaintiff may demurr upon it but if it be local he cannot demurr upon it but then the plea must be sworn Debt on a Bond to account he pleads he accounted Plaintiff Assigns breach in 30 l. received not accounted for Defendant rejoynes and saies Robbed of it and gave notice Et hoc paratus c. good and not Et hoc pet it c. for now he leaves the other to traverse the Robbery though it makes a negative and affirmative Vere versus Smith P. 23. Car. 2 B. R. Cook versus Whorewood Debt on a Bond to perform Covenants to enjoy such Land against A. and B. Defendant pleads Covenants performed Plaintiff replyes and sayes A. and B. habentes jus virtute tituli eis inde fect ' ante Burg. predicta ' entred the Defendant demurrs because the breach Assigned too general but per Hall good enough he being a Stranger Twisden doubted Proctor versus Newton Trin. 23. Car. 2. B. R. Rot. 826 Debt on a Bond to save harmless from payment of Legacies and Assigns breach that A. sued in Chacery for a Legacy first not shewing were the Chancery was Secondly saying he sued for a Legacy and saies not in fact a Legacy was given Dainty versus Faire Mich. 10. Jac. B. R. Debt upon an Obligation dated at Hamburgh was brought in London and good for Hamburgh in that sence shall be taken for a place as Antwerp Tavern in London not for the Town of Hamburgh in Germany and it was brought in the Detinet only and yet good because of Forraign Coyne But naught if for English money A man may bring an Action of Debt upon a Statute-Merchant but not on a Statute-Staple Debt against a Prisoner for Debt or for an Attorney for Fees no Wager of Law lyes But a Prisoner for Lodging and Dyet may wage his Law It lyes not for Rent it lyes upon a simple contract if it be brought in Debt But if it brought in Case the Defendant cannot wage his Law A man brings an Action of Debt against two and hath Judgment and two Precipe's against them and Arrests one by Fieri facias and the other by Capias ad satisfaciendum it is vicious per totam Curiam But he may Arrest one by one Capias and the other by another Capias and if one of them satisfies the Judgment the others Body is free and with this agrees 36 H. 6. Hillary's Case and 4 E. 4 it is said that the Plaintiff shall have but unicam executionem i. e. unicam satisfactionem Mich 11 Jacobi in Communi Banco An Action of Debt ought to be brought in the Debet et Detinet against an Heir but against Executors only in the Detinet per Coke Lord Chief Justice ib. A man brings a Writ of Debt upon a Deed and declares de octinginta Libra the Defendant prays oyer of the Deed and hath it and it was octogesima Libra and good per totam Curiam and with this agrees 9 H. 6. et Pasch 12 Jacobi where yginta for viginti was adjudged good Mich. 13 Jacobi in C. B. Detinue IN Detinue of a Box of Writings the Defendant pleads that A. B. and C. have each of them severally brought their Writ of Detinue against him and brought the Writings into Court ready to deliver to whom the Court shall award they shall interplead and the interpleader shall be on the eldest Original viz. A. shall interplead with the Plaintiff to Barr his Title and B. shall plead against them all But vide if there be variance of the Writings c. in the Declaration when no interpleader shall be P. 4. E. 4. Pl. 11. 11. E 4. 11. a. 3 H. 6. 20. a. 32 H. 6. 25. b. 25 H. 6. 20. a. Trin. E. 4. Pl. 2. Detinue and counts of a purchase of an Annuity and the deed the Defendant pleads non Detinet Jury find the sale c. but it is not agreed that the Defendant should detayne the Deed till the money payd which is not before the plea but on the general Issue he ought not to have given that in Evidence but should have pleaded it for upon the general Issue that which would make a special Barr cannot be given in Evidence or if found by the Jury is it material vide Cest Case title Averment 22 H. 6. 37. Detinue of Charters and Counts of a writing Cont ' that I. S. infeoffed c. And though he said but in facto a Deed whereby I. S. infeoffed c. but Cont ' that c. And so for ought appears no Livery might be yet per curiam well for 't is a deed though nothing passed and the Action lyed But Princ. it may work by Confirmation 39 H. 6. 37. b. In Detinue after Verdict 't was moved in Arrest of Judgment that Sattago was not good but Sartago and igneum ferrum anglice a firegrate improper yet the Court adjudged the Declaration good enough Smith versus Warder 13 Car. 2. in B. R. Of Disclaimers and Discontinuances of Actions ONe brought an Action of Covenant and had Judgment and a Writ of Enquiry of damages and afterwards it was discontinued by Rule of Court Trin. 10 Jac. in communi Banco If a man brings an Action of Trespass in 3 Towns and mentions but 2 Towns where the Trespass was committed the whole is discontinued 16 E. 4. 11. So 9 E. 4. 51. A man brought an Action of Debt and demanded by his Writ 10 l. 6 s. 8 d. and his Declaration was but of 10 l. and his Writ did abate An Action of Trespass was brought in the Court of Common-Pleas o● several things one of which was discontinued and by Warberton Justice the whole Action was thereby discontinued adjudged in Sir Fran Pawmes Case If two are bound jointly and severally and an Action of Debt is brought against them both and it was discontinued against one of them it shall abate against both 7 H. 4. Fitzh Tit. Breif 279. 5 E. 4. 107. But by Hobart Chief Justice a man may put more in the Writ than in the Declaration but not more in the Declaration than in the Writ Hill 12. Ja. Pl. 4 in C. B. In Audita quaerela scire facias or Attaint by 2 the Nonsuit of one shall not be Nonsuit of both and his Release shall only Barr himself and the reason is because they are compell'd by the Law to joyn in the Action and the cause of Action accrues not by their deed but by Act in Law and for that the Law is favourable to them So that if one will not sue the other may sue by himself But if a debt be due to two by reason of Contract or by Obligation or two Jointenants have cause to have an Action of Trespass in this case the Nonsuit of the one or the Release of one shall Barr the other because it

was their fault to take such a joint Estate or that the Obligor was bound to them jointly 35 H. 6. 23. a. In Replevin Verdict is given for the Avowant and the plea is discontinued afterwards by the death of the King or otherwise and the Avowant sues a Scire facias against the Plaintiff in this case the plaintiff may plead a Release of the Avowant after Verdict of all Actions or he may plead other matter to discharge himself 5 E. 4. 19. In Trespass the Defendant pleads two pleas and the Plaintiff demurrs to one and doth not plead over to the other it is a discontinuance as it appears by two Presidents in the Books of Entries and Holcrofts Case Co Lib 4. where it is pleaded accordingly In Precipe quòd reddat the Tenant disclaims the Judgment shall be that the Demandant nihil capiat per breve and if the Tenant will make a Feoffment in Fee the Demandant may enter upon him and if the Tenant will discontinue the Demandant may say that he hath nothing in the Land but by disseisin which he made to I. S. and put him from the disclaimer because that by the disclaimer he hath nothing but his Right and the Entry of the disseisee is lawful upon him because that he hath nothing until by that discontinuance he perfects the Recovery In Replevin the Defendant makes Conusans as Bailiff to an Abbot upon an Estranger as upon his very Tenant The Plaintiff prays aid of this Stranger because he let for years they join in aid and process is continued until his Term at which time the Term ends they both disclaim to hold of the Abbot the Court awarded that the Plaintiff sue forth a Writ of Inquiry of Damages 29 H. 6. No man can disclaim against a Termor because that if his Lessor will not bring his Writ of Right upon disclaimer he hath no Remedy 9 E. 4. Husband and Wife cannot disclaim in Avowry for if they do the Lands of the Wife shall be lost by it 10 E. 4. per Cur ' In Replevin the Defendant avows upon Plaintiff and he disclaims to it he shall not be received for you have made a Feoffment of the Lands so that we cannot have a Writ of Right Sur disclaimer held a good plea To which the Plaintiff saith that he was seised of those Lands in Fee without that that he hath made a demise In a Writ of Entry in le quibus of the disseisin of the Demandant or his Ancestor against two one would disclaim and could not because he was in of his own wrong Distress vide Trespass IF a man distrain Household-Goods That will take hurt by wet or weather he ought to impound them in an House within three miles within the same County where they were taken But if he put them in an open place were they perish the distreynor shall not answer for them If a man distreyn a Horse and the Horse leaps out of the Pound and after the distreynor Retakes him and tyes him to a Post and in strugling the Horse strangles himself the Distreyner shall be punished inan Action of Trespass So if a man distrain a Cow he ought not to milk her although it be for the good of the Cow for you must not do good in such a Case without the Owners consent For Peradventure the Owner might come in time and milk her himself and if the Cow perish for want of milking The Distrayner may distrayn again and so be at no damage An Officer of the Sheriff cannot justifie the breaking open of doors to distrayn for the Kings Rent much less a Landlord A man shall not use things distreyned because he hath them but as Pledges in the Law No man shall drive a distress out of the Hundred it was taken in or to any Pound above the space of three miles or into several Pounds whereby the party shall be driven to take out several Replevins None shall drive a distress out of the County Nor shall distrain in the High-way None shall drive distress into a Castle or Hold to withhold them from the Owner upon his Replevin If a man come to distrain and the party seeing his purpose drives the Cattle off the Land or put the goods out of the house to the intent he shall not take them upon the ground for a distress Then I may lawfully pursue and if I take the same upon the High-way or upon the ground the taking is lawful as if I had taken it upon the ground or house out of which the rent issues to whomsoever the property of the goods or Cattel do belong A man cannot distrain for an amerciament in a Court-Baron but for an amerciament in a Court-Leet he may If a man grants a Lease to B. rendring Rent to be paid at four several Quarters and if it be behind and lawfully demanded That then it shall be lawful for the Lessor to distrain c If a man comes to distrain and the Tenant inclose the ground or shuts the doors of the house That the Landlord cannot distrain for his Rent it 's a disseisin For the Landlord may not break the doors or Fences to come at the Distress Also Forstallment That is lying in wait or threatning a Landlord whereby he is disturbed and hindred of the means to come by his Rent is a disseisin of the Rent viz. to hinder the taking of his Rent A man brought Yarn to the house of his Neighbour on Horse-back to the intent to weigh the same by his Neighbours Beam the Landlord comes and distrains the Horse and Yarn for Rent due out of the house to which the Yarn was brought and by the whole Court adjudged an unlawful distress A man cannot distrain for Rent but on the Land or House out of which it becomes due and there he may take what he finds to whom soever the same belongs If a man distrains Beasts without cause and impounds them in a Pound overt it 's not lawful for the Owner to break the Pound but must bring his Replevin If Beasts dye or goods distrained for Rent perish the Landlord may distrain again for the same Rent and the loss of such Beasts so dying shall be loss of the Tenant if it be in a Pound overt If the Landlord be in view of Cattel he intends to distrain for Rent and the Tenant to avoid the Distress drives the Cattel out of the Landlords Fee Yet the Landlord may take them in or out of his Fee And it seems the same Reason if a man comes to a house to distrain for Rent and be in the house and have ●ight of the Goods and the Tenant to hinder the distress shuts up the Roomes The Landlord may force open the doors if the Tenant will not open them upon request If I grant a Rent to I. S. and his Heirs out of my Mannor of D. Et obligo Manerium et omniabona et Catalla mea super Manerium predict existentia

two persons having several Interests in Lands acknowledg the note of a Fine before a Judg and then one of them dyes The Conusee may for all that proceed with his Fine against the other alone for the death of the other is no impediment for the Conusans of every one is against himself and shall work for so much as he can pass A man and his Wife acknowledged a note of a Fine before Commissioners the 26 th of March by Dedimus potestatem and the wife dyed 27 th of the same month and the next day being the 28 th Composition was made in the Al●enation-Office upon a Writ of Covenant Retornable in Hillary Term before and the Kings Silver was entred as of the same Hillary Term and so the Fine was past and ingrossed And in Easter Term the Heir of the Wife moves against the Fine But upon debate it was agreed the Fine should stand Tenant in Tail Levies a Fine with Proclamations and 5 years pass in his Life-time Yet this shall not Barr his Issue A man of full age and his Wife being but 19 Levy a the Fine of Inheritance of the Wife whereby an Estate is conveyed to the Husband and Wife in Tail and the Remainder to the right Heirs of the wife and many exceptions taken against the proceedings by the Heir to the Wifes inheritance viz. I. S. as that the said Feme was not of full age at the time of the Fine Levied and other undue means committed in getting out the Son Yet by the whole Court the Fine was held good Law for Facta valent multa que fieri prohibentur If there be Tenant for Life the Remander in Fee to an Infant and they both Levy a Fine and afterwards as to the Infant the Fine is Reversed yet the Conusee shall have the Land for the Life of the Tenant for each may pass and give what he lawfully may If there be two Jointenants and one of them suffer a Recovery declaring the uses of the whole this shall bind but only a Moiety unless the consent of the other Jointenant can be proved Heir IF an Heir be sued upon a Bond and Lands are proved to descend unto him from his Ancestor you must have a special Writ to enquire what those lands are worth to be delivered to the Plaintiff at a reasonable extent and price and if the Heir confess the Action and shew what Lands come to him by descent Then his Body and all other his Lands and Goods and Chattels are free from that Execution but if he deny the Action and plead Riens per descent or it go by default against him then Execution shall be against Body Goods or other Lands And the Declaration shall be in the Debet and Detinet as though it were his proper Debt Outlawries and Outlaws OVtlawry was pleaded in Barr and day given before when the Defendant reversed it the Defendant shall not be condemned for Failer of Record but Respondouster Green against Gascogne vide Title failer of Record Yel 36. Outlawry in the Kings Bench reversed by Error in the same Court but that is for Error in Fact not in Law as if no Outlawry lay in the Case and if Process of Outlawry lie in an Action upon the Case for turning a Water-Course vide P. 10. H. 7. pl. 15. Dy. 195. b. 196. Original in Debt called the Defendant Nuper de Lond. Exig called him de Lond. is erroneous for it must pursue the Original without Variance and the Original was against Lancelot the Exigent was against Lancelot ill 3 Cro. 49. vid. 50 95. 104. 116. 172. Error of a Judgment in Debt and Outlaw'd 2. on it against 2. where the Sheriff return'd quod non habent bona out catalla quod summon ' potuer it should have been per quod c. 2. it should be nec eorum aliquis het ' 3. the Original is against Lancelot A. and the Exigent is against Lancelot A. 4. 't is said in Hastings and it should be in Hustingis de Com. plac revocetur Lancelot vers ' Jones 3. Cro. 50. An Outlawry was reversed because it was against Lewellin with a single l and now the mean Process against Llewellin with a double Ll and it was against two and returned quod non sunt inventi and not nec eorum aliquis Llewellin against Watkins vide M. 2. R. 3 4 13. pl. 16. 3 Cro. 85. 104. 49. 50. 116. 198. 240. 248. 205. M. 21. H. 7. pl. 37. Exigent names no place where the Sheriff is to have the Body and that adjudged Error to reverse the Outlawry For the Sheriff cannot tell in what County to carry him Cesar against Stone 3 Cro. 104. Outlawry reversed because the Party was Indicted in Com. Somerset and supposed to be of London and the Capias awarded to the Sheriff of Somerset where it ought to go to the County where he lives Rorset's Case 3 Cro. 179. vid. Dy. 295. b. vid. M. 1 E. 4. pl. 2. One Outlawed of Felony assigned his Term and then reversed the Outlawry the Grantee shall maintain Trespass for the Profits taken in the mean time between the Assignment and the Reversal of the Outlawry For though it was then the King 's yet it is now as if no Outlawry had been at all Ognell's Case 3 Cro. 270. vide 218. Accord Outlawry is not reversed but by pleading without Writ of Error per tot Cur. though there be apparent Faults in it 3 Cro. 274. vide Co. 1. Inst 259. b. One is Outlawed and has his Term sold and then reversed the Outlawry he shall be restored to the Term it self not the Money Otherwise if sold on a Fieri Facias c. quod vide plus Title Exec. Eyre against Woodfare 3 Cro. 778. Co. 5. Rep. 90. b. 1. Acc. pl. 285. In Debt against an Executor the Defendant pleads that the Testator was Outlawed and doubted if a good Plea because the Testator may have some Goods not forfeited by Outlawry as simple Contract c. but on the other side such special Ass shall not be intended to Com. next he has nothing Wooley against Brade 3 Cro. 575. 851. Outlawry reversed because the Writ was Teste Edmund Anderson so wanting a Title had no Teste which is the Warrant of it Growdy and Juham 3 Cro. 592. Judgment against two in Debt C. and B and Capias only against one and he Outlawed whereupon was brought Error and reversed it because the Capins should have gone against both Also 't was not per Judi● ' Coron ' Beverly against Beverly 3 Cro. 648. Debt against the Sheriff on an Escape where the Case was that the Party was Outlawed after Judgment reversed it by Error within the Year and because he assigned not any Error the Plaintiff took out a Capias utlegatum and the Sheriff took him and let him go and resolved for the Plaintiff and in Co. 1. Report of this Case the difference is taken of an Outlawry

is to have Common And here no Land is to be recovered so certain enough Sir Anthony Cope agaiust Temple Yel 146 147. Replevin the Defendant avows Forty shillings Rent for two Acres held of him the Plaintiff replies that he holds them and twenty more of him by 12 s. absque hoc that he holds the two last by Twenty shillings and though objected the plea double traversing that the quantity of the Rent And also that he holds the two Acres only adjudged good because otherwise he could not avoid the false Avowry M. 8. H. 7. pl. 1. Replevin and Avowry for that A. was seized in Jure Ecclesiae and leased good without saying that he was Parson supplied by in Jure Ecclesiae but not in Quare Impedit the Plaintiff that so he is a Parson Imparson ' because till then in that cause he cannot plead in Bar. Rolls against Walters Noy 70. If Cattel or Goods be distrained for Rent or otherwise for Damages then the party whose Goods are fo distrained may make Replevin and must prosecute his Replevin as Plaintiff and the Defendant must avow the taking but if by chance the Plaintiff in Replevin become Non-suit or Judgment against him then shall the Defendant have a Retorn ' hend ' averiorum upon which the Plaintiff in Replevin may bring his Writ of Second Deliverance but if he become Non-suit again or Judgment against him then the Defendant shall have Retorn ' hend ' irrepledgeable and keep the Goods for ever If Live Cattel and Dead Things be Replevied by one Writ as they may the Live Beasts or Cattel must be named before the Dead as thus Quendam Equum suum Catella sua quae B. cepit If a Man distrain Beasts or Goods for his Rent and the Tenants tenders Amends before the Distress is taken The taking the Distress is tortious Mesme le Ley pur Damage fesant But tender after the Distress be taken and before the Impounding the Detainer and not the taking is tortious But tender after the impounding neither the taking nor detaining are tortious for the Tender comes too late In Replevin the Plaintiff is Non-suited and the Defendant had a Writ of Retorn ' hahend ' and enquiry de dampnis the Plaintiff brings Second Deliverance This is a Supersedeas to the Retorn ' hend ' but not to the Enquiry By the Common Law when the Goods or Chattels of any person are taken he may have a Writ out of the Chancery commanding the Sheriff to make Replevin of them and this Writ is Viscontiel and in the nature of a Justicies in which the Sheriff may hold plea to any Value and in all Cases but when the Defendant claims Property and when more than one Live Beast is taken then the Form of the Writ is quod replegiari faceret J. S. averia sua and when only one Beast is taken then the Form is quod replegiari faceret J. S. quendam Juvencum suum vel bovem suum c. And when many Dead Chattels are taken then the Writ shall be quod replegiari faceret Bona Catella sua and the Plaintiff must ascertain them in the Declaration But if but one Dead Chattel be taken then the Writ shall be quod replegiari facias J. S. quoddam Plaustrum cum furnitura c. By the Statute of Marlbridge cap. 21. the Sheriff upon Plaint made to him in Court or out of Court ought to make Replevin of the Goods or Chattels taken In Replevin the Sheriff ought to take two sorts of Pledges by the Common Law Pledges de prosequendo and by the Statute Pledges de Retorn ' habend ' Co. Com' 145. b. A Man who hath but only a special Property may bring a Replevin as when Goods are pledg'd to him or Beasts are taken by him to compost his Land and the Writ may be General or Special 41 E. 3. 18. b. 22 H. 7. 14 b. 11 H. 4. 17. If this Plea be before the Sheriff by Writ then it may be removed into the Kings Bench or Common Pleas by pone by the Plaintiff without Cause and by the Defendant with Cause mentioned in the Writ But if it be before the Sheriff by plaint then it may be removed by Recordare issuing out of Chancery by the Plaintiff without shewing cause and by the Defendant if he do shew cause in the said Writ A Replevin lies of such things whereof a man hath but a qualified Property as of things that are ferae naturae and are made tame so long as they have Animum revertendi le Case de Swans in Co. 7. rep So Replevin lies of a Leveret or of a Ferret 2 E 2. Fitz. tit Avowry 182. Also Quare cepit quoddam examen Apium c. Register Original fol. 81. In many cases this Action or Trespass lies at the Election of the Plaintiff but against the Lord Trespass lies not 7 H. 4. 28. b. 6 H. 7. 9. A Replevin lies against one de Averiis capt ' per ipsum simul cum alio Co. Ent. 600. 2 Inst 533. So it lies de averiis capt ' detent ' quousque c. de aliis averiis capt ' adhuc detent ' Rast-Entr 567. 572. And in this Case when the Plaintiff declares that the Defendant yet detains the Cattel and the Defendant appears and makes Default the Plaintiff shall recover all in Damages F. N. B. 69. b. Co. Ent. 610. When the Beasts are chased into another County after they are taken the party may have a Replevin in which of the Counties he pleaseth or in both Idem 65. 6. When the Cattel of several men are taken they shall not joyn in Replevin nor is it a Plea to say that the property is to the Plaintiff and another Co. Com. 145 b. In Replevin the Plaintiff ought to alledge a place certain where the Cattel c. were taken When the Plaintiff is Non-suited before Declaration and he sues Second Deliverance and is Non-suited also again before Declararation the Defendant shall have the Cattel irreplegiable without any Avowry c. Dyer 280. Scire Facias SCire Facias by the King to repeal a Patent the Defendant pleads a Plea whereon the Attorney General demurrs the Defendant joyns in Demurrer and pleads over part of a Statute and Informand ' Curiam Co. 8. rep 12. b. Scire Facias against an Administrator who pleads a special Plene administravit Replic ' quod devastavit and says not who devastavit issue quod praedictus J. S. non devastavit found for the Defendant the Plaintiff moved in Arrest c. 't is not said who devastavit so might be the Executor at Age but per nonnullos the Plaintiff shall not after Issue find a Fault in his own Replication Oxford against Rivet and 1 Cro. 135. Plaintiff after Verdict when no Advantage of his own ill Declaration 1 Cro. 56. 66. vide Co. 7. Rep. 4. 6. 5. rep 39. b. 8. rep 59. a. 1 Cr. 39. Scire Facias

Father entred as in his Reversion and it descended to him and objected his plea double on the entry of the Father the dying seized and descent by Billing and Needham but Littleton and Cook contra M. 2. E. 4. pl. 15 Trespass by A. and B. for breaking their Close the Defendant to A. pleads a Title in Barr and to B. not guilty by Danby Mayle Cheke the plea ill for the Barr goes to all and the other makes it double Needham and Ashton contra each Plaintiff ought to have his Answer M. 2. E. 4. pl. 20. Trespass for cutting Subbosc ' and carrying away two Loads of Barley quoad the Barley the Defendant pleads a Lease at Will by one Tenant as Tenant in Common and quoad the Wood a License by him and the Plea not double for a Tenant at Will cannot cut c. without License M. 2. E. 4. pl. 25. In a Precipe the Tenant pleads a Release in Barr and it was in Barr of all the Lands in S. that he bought of J. S. ill not avering that he bought the Lands of J. S. the words being general viz. All the Lands c. not particular of bl Acre c. which will be otherwise M. 2. E. 4. pl. 26 Trespass on the Stat. R. 2. the Defendant pleads a Guift of the Land by Act of Parliament whereby he was seized temps ' H. 6. and the Plaintiff entred upon him temps E. 4. and he entred Choke Justice and Littleton held it double for the Gift and Seizin is one barr and the Entry of the Plaintiff and the Re-entry of the Defendant is another but Ardern Justice and Lason contra for 't is all pursuant Et ibidem by Choke and Needham Justice when the Defendant pleads that the Plaintiff entred so long after the Statute and says not by what Colour it shall be intended more strongly against himself and intended by Title Ardern Justic ' cont ' no Title shall be intended till the Plaintiff shews it Trin. 3. E. 4. pl. 1. Trespass for taking a bag of Money the Defendant pleads that the Plaintiff was indebted to him and says not how and delivered it him in payment the Plaintiff replies De injuria c. And per Littleton no Plea where the Defendant justifies by an Act of the Plaintiff himself Vide Trin. 20. E. 4. pl. 1. m. 9. E. 4. pl. 25. 12 E. 4. 10. 6 H. 19. E. 4. pl. 15. Trespass against the Lord vi armis he admits it and pleads a Distr ' for Services and the Issue of Views Arrear found for the Defendant yet no Judgment for the Court is not to admit him to recover against a Negative Statute other if it were affirmative and Election to proceed either way p. 10. E. 4. pl. 10. Trespass by J. S. for taking an Horse the Defendant pleads that J. S. de D. was possessed and gave him the Horse c. the Plaintiff replies that he is not the same person in the Barr and Dem ' and tho objected this ill in matter of Fact and Dem ' for matter in Law and it cannot be tryed by Court and Jury the Plea ruled good for by joyning in Dem ' 'tis confess'd he is the same Person and he might have taken Issue of it H. 13. E. 4. pl. 4. Trespass against three they all plead Not Guilty as to part and quoad resid plead a guift of the Goods and Issue and at Ni. pr. 2. make default the third pleads a Concord Prius Darr ' contin ' prayed to try the Issue against the two by Default because no contin ' can be made of it because they absent and if not tryed now 't will be discontinued Objected that goes but to part and there is now a Plea that goes to all which is to be tryed first for if that be against the Plaintiff though he should have Verdict on the other he can have no Judgment but for the Inconvemency and for that this Plea to the whole comes after the ven ' fa ' and the other was before therefore 't was tryed but if both had been before the ven ' fa ' it could not have been and they found for the Plaintiff and they had Judgment with a Cessat Executio till the other tried for the Concord was laid in another County so the Plaintiff released to him and took Execution tho' the Judgment on the First Plea Tr. 15 E. 4. pl. 11 3. vide 4 E. 3. 42. Trespass the Defendant justified for Tithes severed the Plaintiff replies de son tort objected no plea no more than when in Trespass the Defendant makes Title and pleads son Franktenement or a Lease for years by Bryan and so it seems tho' Piggot says there he claims there the Occupation of the Land not so here P. 16 E. 4. pl. 9. 2 Cro. 224 225. Trespass Not Guilty and Issue the Defendant puis darr ' contin ' pleads a Release dated before the last Contin ' but delivered after the Plaintiff replies that was delivered the same day 't was dated Judgment against him for he did confess he did release so satisfied and no matter when but he might have pleaded that he did not deliver it puis darr ' Contin ' or that it was not his Deed puis ' darr ' contin by 78 H. 6. and 39. H. 6. 8 9. Tr. 16 E. 4. pl. 2. Trespass the Defendant pleads that the Plaintiff let to him for Years per Cur ' he must shew what Estate he had as that he was seized in Fee c. and let but by Kidwelly when one pleads a Lease from a Stranger 't is necessary to plead it so not when he pleads the Lease to the Lessor himself M. 22 E. 4. pl. 217. Trespass for Assault and Battery and Threatning c. de son Assault demesn Obj. in Error the plea ill not answering the minas but resolved well enough for the minas laid but in aggravation of damages Penruddock against Errington sed vide Hill 16 E. 4. pl. 8. contra M. pl. 983. In Battery the Defendant justifies by Warrant out of a Leet and though they plead not the day of the Leet nor that the House was within the Jurisdiction nor the Warrant yet all these being but Indictments adjudged good Curey's Case M. pl. 11. 47. Trespass for entring the Close and cutting so many Trees quoad all but cutting the Trees and entring the Close pleads Not Guilty et quoad fract ' Claus ' pleads matter in Law and justifies the cutting the Trees but because in the quoad c. nothing was said of the Trees the plea is ill and was amended and made et quoad fract ' claus ' Cutting c. Co. 4. rep 62. a. Trespass and Battery the Defendant pleads that he had a Lease for Years of an House and the Defendant would have put him out c. good without shewing by what Title his Lease or Commencement c. of it because said but as Inducement For whatever Title

Common Law wherefore prohibition prayed but granted only quoad the lands and that it be proved quoad bona Hill against Thornton 1 Cro. 118. Debt on a Bond conditioned he permit his Wife to make a Will to the value of 50 l. and 't is found on Issue Nullum fecit voluntatem c. that she did make a Will of 50 l. but was covert 't is for the Plaintiff for though properly a Feme-Covert can make no Will in Law yet 't is a Will within the Intent of the Condition and the Husband is bound to perform it Marriot vers Kinsman 1 Cro. 159. And so Tilly and Parryes Case 273 274. Bond to pay 300 l. to such Persons and U●es as the Wife should appoint she appoints in form of a Will he is bound to pay it And 433 Bond to permit her to make a Will and pay c. Plea that he permitted c. without pleading payment not good Action upon the Case lyes not for Non-payment of a Legacy for no Duty in our Law so it cannot take notice of the wrong in Non payment Mich. 18. Car. 2. Nicholson against Sherman in Banco Regis Bond conditioned that the Wife shall make a Will of 300 l. in presence of the Husband if he will be present if not in his Absence she makes it and it appears not that he was requested to be or that he was present of 250 l. to several persons and not an entire Legacy yet after Verdict the Plaintiff had Judgment for the Intent was that she should make a Will whether he would or not and she needed not devise all to one nor devise the whole 300 l. for Cui licet quod majus c. Mich. 14. Car. 2. Harris against Bury in Banco Regis Debt by A. as Executor the Defendant prays Oyer of the Will which was thus Memorandum Quòd A. B. fecit Testamentum Nuncupativum in hunc modum viz. Constituit C. D. fore Executorem suum And this was under Seal of the Ordinary and resolved a good Will and he Executor and well able to sue and so was it decided upon Appeal to the Delegates Mich. 16. Car. 2. Lewis against Shaw in B. R. Witnesses HE that is attainted of a false Verdict Conspiracy or convicted of Perjury Premunire or Forgery upon 5 Eliz. or Felony or that has stood in the Pillory lost his Ears been stigmatiz'd c. whereby he becomes infamous or Recreant in a Writ of Right or an Infidel under Age of Discretion or interessed ought not to be a Witness nor a man's Wife for or against her Husband But one outlawed in personal Actions may be a witness Co. 1. Inst 6. b. 25. J. K. Witnesses are not to prove a Negative ibid. Where Tryal is by Witnesses there ought to be two at the least ibid. A Juror may give Evidence as a Witness to his Companions but it must be publickly by Examination in Court not privately to his Fellows Stiles Rep. 233. Bail for the Defendant being a Witness for him upon motion was taken off the File and new Bail filed Idem 385. A Felon that has been burned in the hand may be a Witness for he may purchase and his Punishment has satisfied his Offence Idem 385. In Ejectment he that had the Inheritance of the Land was admitted as a Witness where note the Plaintiff and Defendant both claimed under one person Idem 482. A Counsellor at Bar being examined as a Witness for his Clyent was denyed to be examined on the other side for he shall not be put to discover the Secrets of his Clyents Cause Idem 449. Debt on 5 Eliz. 9. because the Wife did not appear whereas he served her and tendred to her her Charges c. to his Damage And though not laid what Damage yet being for the 10 l. upon the Statute not for his damages for her not appearing and a Feme Covert being within the Statute 't was held good enough 3 Cro. 130. 1 Leon. 122. Note she being the person who was to appear the Charges are to be tendred to her or her Husband Iidem ibid. Debt for 10 l. against a Witness that being Subpena●d appeared not moved first 't is not shewed that the Subpena was left resolved it needs not for it might be for more Witn●sses 2. There was but 12 d delivered but resolved since he promised to pay the rest and the Witness accepted the 2 d. 't is good else the Witness had not been b●●nd 'till the whole Charges had been tendred But thirdly because he av●rred not that he was damnified by the Non-Appearance of the Witness though the Action be but for the ten pound P●nalty and not for the Damages over R●●olved it lyes not 1 Cro. 376. 388. Judgment staid because the Verdict was had upon the Testimony of one Witness and he since convict of P●rjury in the very same thing Pasch 17. Car. 2. Banco Regis In Deceipt for forging a Will one that took a Legacy by the same Will was allowed and sworn as a Witness in a Tryal for the Forgery for this makes nothing to the Probate of the Will or Recovery of the Legacy in the Spiritual Court nor do they take notice of it Moved to examine a material Witness that lay dying and it was said by the Court that if the adverse party did consent it might be done else they could not compell him Mich. 13. Car. 2. B. R. A Councellor may be examined as a Witness against his Clyent so far as it is of his own Knowledge not what he knows by the revealing of his Clyent Pasc 15. Car. 2. B. R. One shall not justifie what he heard an other say ibid. In an Indictment for beating one of the King's Messengers the Witnesses for the Defendant were sworn because though against the King and criminal yet not Capital Pasch 17. Car. 2. B. R. One that was a Witness indorsed to the Livery upon a Feoffment having part of the Lands as Tenant at Will was allowed as a Witness in the Tryal on the Feoffment afterwards in a Tryal at Bar. Bulstrodes Rep. 202. A Person attainted of Felony though afterwards pardoned by the King is uncapable after of being a Witness and therefore a Suggestion being proved only by two such a Consultation was granted 2 Bulstr 154. Words TO say of a Woman that J. S. did beget her with Child and she had a Child by him by speaking whereof she lost a Marriage with I. D. Although these words are a Spiritual Slander yet the loss of Marriage is Temporal and therefore the Action lyes for them Co. 4. 16. b. Ann Davis against Gardner adjudged So if a Man saith of a Woman that J. S. had the use of her Body by which she loseth her Marriage an Action lyes Pasch 5. Jac. B. R. Dame Morison against Case adjudged If a man says to J. S. Thou art a Whore-Master for thou hast lain with B's Wife and hadst to do with her against

or conversation are also Excommunicated Co. Lit. 134. If a Bishop be defendant an Excommunication by the same Bishop shall not disable the plaintiff and if no other matter be shewn it shall be intended for the same cause Co. Lit. ib. The Writ shall not abate for Excommunication in the Plaintiff or Demandant But the Judgment shall be that the Tenant or Defendant shall go quit without day because when the Demandant or Plaintiff hath purchased Letters of Absolution and they are shewed to the Court he may have a Resummons or Reattachment upon his Original according to the nature of his Writ Lit. lib. 2. ca. 11. Sect. 42. If an Alien brings an Action personal or mixt in his own right the Defendant may plead it in Abatement in disability of his person or in bar to the Action with this difference that in Actions personal or Trespass for breaking his house the defendant ought to aver that the plaintiff is an Alien born at such a place under the Allegiance of such a Prince who is Enemy to our Soveraign Lord the King for an Alien Friend as he may Traffick and have a House for a habitation so he may have an Action personal and Trespass for breaking his house as he may have a Writ of Error for necessity And the Opinion of the Lord Coke in his Commentary upon Littleton is That if an Alien Friend brings an Action it ought to be pleaded in disability of his person and not in barr to the Writ or Action but if he be an Alien Enemy the Defendant may conclude to the Action And therefore Mr. Theloal in his Digest of Writs well observeth That an Exception taken to a Writ propter defectum Nationis vel potius defectum subjectionis vel Ligeancie is peremptory and that the Action cannot be revived by Peace or League subsequent and that the King may grant Licence to Aliens to implead and likewise that such Aliens as come into the Realm by the Kings Licence or Safe Conduct may use personal actions by Writ though they be not made Denizens and that Denizens lawfully made by the Kings Grant and such Aliens born as are within the express words of the Statute of 25 E. 3. may use actions real by Original Writ Co. Lit. 129. a. b. 130. b. Co. 7. 1. Theloal Digest de Breifs Lib. 1. ca. 6. 32 H. 6. 23. An Alien may be Administrator and have Leases for years as well as personal Chattels and Debts Cro. Eliz. 683. Cro. Car. 8. 9. One brings an Action as Executor Utlary in the plaintiff is no Plea because he sues in auter droit but it is otherwise of Excommunication 21 E. 4. 49. 34 H. 6. 14. 14 H. 6. 14. If the defendant plead that the plaintiff is an Alien born and conclude to the person yet it seems he may demand the View 3 H. 6. 55. For the Pleading of Matters of Record in Abatement observe That in Formedon for a Mannor another Formedon depending for 20 s. Rent out of that Mannor is a good Plea 3 H. 7. 3. That where in Trespass the defendant pleaded that the plaintiff had brought Replevin against the Mayor and Commonalty of A. for the same cause and that he was one of the Commonalty die Captionis c. Necnon die impetrationis Brevis and it was there agreed That in Trespass a Replevin depending for the same Cause is a good Plea if there be not more Defendants in the Replevin than in the Trespass 8 H. 7. 27. A Quare Impedit is brought against the Bishop and another as Incumbent the Defendants plead that the plaintiff hath brought another Quare Impedit against the said Bishop for the same Presentation which was then depending undetermined and demands Judgment of the Writ and it was adjudged a good Plea But the plaintiff might have brought divers Quare Impedits against divers Defendants Hobart 138. 9. So in an Assise of Darrein Presentment it is a good Plea to say That there is a Quare Impedit depending for the same Presentation Hobart 184. But where an Assise is brought of Lands in one County an Assise for the same Lands in another County and Judgment thereupon cannot be pleaded So of a Recovery in Ancient Demesne because it cannot be intended that the Lands recovered in the Assise or in Ancient Demesne are the same Lands 4 H. 6. 24. Rast Entr. 65. In Formedon in le Diseender it is no Plea to say that the Plaintiff at another time brought a Formedon in the Remainder of the same Lands except both the Counts be of one and the same Gift 40 E. 3. 31. Where the Heir brought two several Formedons upon one and the same Gift although the last did vary from the first Gift yet it is no Plea in Abatement for he might claim by two Ancestors sub dono 4 E. 3 8. If the Defendant in a personal Action pleads another Action depending at the time of the purchasing the last Writ he ought not to say that it is yet depending for the last Writ is abated in Law notwithstanding he is afterwards non-suited in the first Writ Co. 6. Ferrers Case Where Note the diversity when the writ is general as Covenant Detinue Assise c. and the Certainty is in the Declaration for there if the Plaintiff is nonsuited in the first before he counts or declares the last shall not abate and when the writ is special and the thing demanded is specified therein as in Praecipe quod reddat c. What persons shall be admitted to plead in Abatement and what not Note One Defendant may plead the death of the other before the Writ purchased or that there is no such person in rerum natura 20 H. 6. 30. b. But in Replevin if the Defendant avow upon an Estranger the Plaintiff in the Replevin cannot plead in Abatement of the Avowry 22 E. 4. 35. b. If the Cognizee of a Statute sue execution against one Terretenant only without the other he cannot plead in Abatement but is put to his Audita Quaerela against the other because that the Cognizee is not bound to take Notice of all the Terretenants 16 Eliz. Dyer 331. a. Nota That after a Continuance the Defendant shall not be admitted to plead that the Plaintiff was made Bishop or that the Woman Plaintiff took Husband depending the Writ except that he pleads it after the last continuance but it is otherwise of the death or Coverture of the Plaintiff at the time of the Writ purchased because these Pleas do abate the Writ de Facto 32 H. 6. 10. 11. In a Replevin where the Plaintiff admits the Avowry the Priee shall not plead in Abatement but as Amicus Curiae and not then except it be apparantly known per totam Curiam 34 H. 6 8. In a Praecipe against I. S. the Son of W. Edmond at the retorn of the Grand Cape the Defendant said that his Father was named Esmond and by Thorpe it is a good

made of two Acres the one for Life the other in Fee without determining in certain in which he shall have Fee this incertain Feoffment may be reduced to certainty as if the Feoffee loose both the Acres by default he may have a quod ei deforceat for the one and a Writ of Right for the other Acre and thereby the certainty of the gift shall be determined and known Lit. Fo. 13. a. And so if one Grant a Rent-charge to one now the Grantee may avow or have a writ of Annuity and which of them he will use shall be maintainable and yet at the Commencement it was incertain and yet notwithstanding this incertainty the Grant was good Lit. Tit. Rents Fo. 13. a. In like manner if a man Grant to one 20s or a Robe yearly the Grantee there cannot know the certainty of the Grant for peradventure he shall have alwayes the 20s or perhaps alwayes the Robe and yet the Grant there shall be held good because that it is reducible to a certainty by the Will of the Grantor 9 E. 4. 37 en Dett per Lit. Fo. 13. a. And so a Lease for so many years as I. S. shall name is good and yet it is incertain but if I. S. name a certain number then it is good ab initio Lit. ib. So If I haue two Horses in my Stable a black and a white and I give to I. S. one of these Horses now this gift is good notwithstanding the incertainty because that by the circumstances Viz. by his Election the certainty may be known Lit. ib. Also if a man Let all the Acres of Land which he hath in Dale to I. S. for years rendring for every acre 12d although that the number of the Acres were not known by the Lessor nor by the Lessee and because the Rent is at the commencement incertain yet upon mensuration or other Triall had the Rent reserv'd may be known certainly and then the Lessor may have a writ of Debt for the Rent and so by this possibility of Tryall the reservation is made good which at the commencement was void for the incertainty So if a man Lett Black-Acre and White-Acre for Life the remainder of one of the two Acres in Fee now it is incertain which of the two Acres he in the remainder shall have but if he License the Lessee to cut down Trees in White-Acre then he s●all be adjudged to have had the remainder of that Acre ab initio and so thereby that which at the commencement was incertain is afterwards made certain And so was Wheelers case sc one Grants his Term to another upon condition that 〈◊〉 the Grantee shall obtain the Favour of the Lessor and also pay so much as I. S. shall award this was taken for a good Grant after the condition was performed 14 H. 8. 17. 6. b. In Trespass the case was That the Defendant and the Plaintiff had bargained together that the Defendant should go to a place where certain Wheat grew and to see the Wheat and if he lik'd it upon the view that then he should take it from thence paying 40d for every Acre this there was held a good contract notwithstanding the incertainty of the quantity of the Wheat and of the gross Sum which should be paid for it because that upon the circumstance the certainty may appear for although it was a conditional agreement between the parties yet it is held a good Justification if he presently paid for it at the time of his carrying it away P. 17 E 4. Fo. 1. Fo 6 b. Able and Disable SFe the diversity 17 H. 7. where Reg. 1. one sc the Obligee was able at the time of the making of the Obligation and afterwards he is disabled by his own Act and where he was not able at the time of the making of the Obligation For in the first case the Defendant shall be discharged and if a man be bound to another by Obligation upon Condition that if he pay to the Obligee an Annuity of 10 l. at the Feast c. Til he promotes him to a convenable Benefice and afterwards the Obligee takes a Wife or enters into Religion the Obligor shall be discharged of the Annuity because he hath disabled himself from receiving a Benefice But if he be disabled at first when the Obligation is made it is otherwise Acceptance A Man is bound to make a Feoffment of a Mannor to the Value of 20 l. per annum the Obligee accepts a Mannor to the Value of 10 l. he shall have advantage notwithstanding the Acceptance 32 H. 7 Action WHere the principal thing is devested Reg. 1. yet the Plaintiff shall have an Action which is acrued to him by reason thereof If I disseise one and a stranger does Trespass to me the disseisee reenters I shall have an Action of Trespass for the Trespass before And so if a Lord does Trespass and afterwards recovers by Cessavit WHere the Husband shall have Reg. 2. an Action without naming his Wife and where not IF a man be disseised of Lands in right of his Wife he shall have an Assise in his own name Also he shall have a writ of Droit de gard in his own name without his Wife Trin. 8 E. 3. The same Law upon an Obligation to Husband and Wife the Husband shall have the Action without the Wife Trin. 12 R. 2. And in 3 H. 6. adjudged that he might name his Wife if he would The same Law if the Cattle of the woman be taken in the name of distress and I Marry her I shall have Replevin in my own name Mich. 32 E. 2. Also of the disturbance of Advowson which a man hath in the right of his Wife he shall have a Quare impedit in his own name Pasch 7 E. 4. If a man be bound to a woman and afterwards she takes Husband both shall have Action 11 H. 6. The same Law if a man be Receiver to a Feme sole and afterwards she takes Husband both shall have an Action of Account Trin. 9 R. 2. Where the Husband and Wife recover seisin of the Land and damages for the damages they shall join in the Action The same Law if a Feme sole makes a Lease reserving Rent and afterwards takes Husband they shall joyn in an Action for the recovery of the Rent 7 E. 4. A writ of Droit de gard as of the right of the Wife ought to be brought in both their names because it concerns the right and not the possession by Choke Anno predicto If the Beasts of a Feme sole be distrained and she takes Husband the Husband Sues a Replevin in his own name it seems the Action does not lye for in every case where the cause of Action is given to a Feme sole and not to the Husband the Husband ought to joyn his Wife with him as if a contract be made with a Feme sole and she takes Husband c.

deux Guards nor Quare impedit of two Churches Yet by the Judges it was held good eonugh as of Trespa●s for a man may joyn Lands of twenty Titles in Trespass and Trespass lyes f Wood Pasture and the like and 4 E. 2. if a man hold Lands in Capite and dye having issue only two Daughters within age and they are ravished the Lord shall have but one Ravishment de Gard. and 31 H. 6. 14. if a stranger enters upon two Parceners they shall have but one Formedon and if the Lessor shall have one Writ of Covenant for those Houses the Assignce shall have the same For the Statute of 32 H. 8. ca. 14. gives the Assignee the power of the Lessor And the Lord Chief Justice Coke said If a man seised of Lands in Fee enfeoffs an other to the use of himself for Life the Remainder of part to one of his Daughters and ●he Heirs of her Body issuing the Remainder of the Residue to the other Daughter and the Heirs of her body issuing the Eldest Daughter dyes without Issue a Stranger enters upon the whole the other Sister shall have but one Writ Mich. 8. Jacobi in Communi Banco inter Pyot dominam St. John If an Infant Lets Lands for a Term of years rendring Rent he may at his Election have an Action of Debt for the Rent reserved upon the Lease or bring Trespass for occupying of the Land and so he may have an Action of Trespass for the use of of a thing sold by him And if an infant do give an Horse to one without actual delivery of the Horse into his hands at the time of the gift and the Donee taketh the Horse by reason of the gift the Infant may have an Action of Trespass against him 18 E. 4. 2. If an Infant makes a Lease for years or a Lease per dures if the Lessee enter the Infant may have an Assise but if the Infant makes a Feoffment and deliver seisin accordingly he shall have no Assise for by the Livery of seisin the Feoffee had a possession at Will at least but if he makes a Letter of Attorney to deliver seisin he may have an Assise 9 H. 7. 24. 8. 2. Mar. 109. Dyer Rug. Case If an Obligation be made to Husband and Wife the writ may be brought in the Husbands name only 12 R. 2. Breif 639. And so Where a Lease for years is made by Husband and Wife of the Lands of the Wife rendring Rent the Action of Debt must be brought in the name of the Husband only 7 E. 4. 5. But by 2 R. 2. in a Writ concerning a Chattel real they may joyn 2 R. 2. Breif 37. As to such things which concern the person of the Wife immediately there the Writ must be brought in both their names And therefore The Husband cannot sue a Writ of Appeal for the Rape of his Wife without naming the Wife 8 H. 4. 21. 1 H. 6. 10 H. 4. Brook Baron Feme 34. Husband and Wife brought an Action of Battery for the beating of them both the Writ was adjudged good for the Battery of the Wife but not as to the Husband 9 E. 4. 54. The Husband and the Wife shall both bring an Action of Trespass for the taking away the Goods of the Wife before Marriage 21 H. 33. In a Writ of Detinue of Chartres against Husband and Wife Declaration was upon a Trover and the Writ was abated 13 R. 2. Breif 644. A Writ of Covenant was brought by the Husband and Wife for that the Defendant had Leased to them Lands by Deed for Term of years and afterwards ousted them and the Writ was adjudged to be good for if the Husband dyes the Wife shall have the Term and in this Case they were both parties to the Covenant 47 E. 3. 12. An Action of Debt for the arrearages of Rent reserved upon a Lease for years made unto the Husband and the Wife shall be brought against them both and so shall a Writ of Wast for the Wife cannot waive the Lease during the life of the Husband 6 E. 4. 10 17 E. 4. 7. An Action upon the Statute of Laborers was brought against Husband and Wife supposing that the Wife had Covenanted with the Plaintiff to be waiting-woman to his Wife for a year and that she departed out of service within the year and the writ was adjudged to be good being brought against them both 8 R. 2. Laborers 59. A man may have a writ of Detinue of Charters and of Chattels joyntly because there one thing is the ground of the Action viz. the Deteyner 44 E. 3. 41 Breif 583. Likewise a man may have a writ of Debt where part of the Debt is due by Obligation and part by Contract because there the Debt is only occasion of the suit 41 E. 3 damage 75. 1 H. 5. 4. So in things of the like nature one writ may comprehend many wrongs and therefore an Action of the Case was brought for hindring the Plaintiff to hold his Leet 2. for the disturbance of his Servants and Tenants in the gathering his Tithe 3. for Threatning so that the people c. durst not come to a certain Chappel to do their Devotion and present their Offerings 4. for the taking of his Servants and Chattels 19 R. 2. Action sur le Case 52. When an Action is given by the Statute and the Statute doth not prescribe any certain form of the writ the writ framed at the Common Law shall serve for that purpose and the special matter shall be set forth in the Declaration Dyer 37. a. 83. Where a man shall have an Action against his own Deed. A man shall have an Action against his own Deed as if I disseise an Abbot and make Feoffment in Fee with waranty and afterwards I am made Abbot of the same House my Feoffment shall not be a Barr to me notwithstanding it was with warranty I shall have an Action against my Alienee because that I recover to the use of the House and not to my own use The same Law if I disseise Major and Commonalty c. The same Law of the Parson of a Church The same Law if I take a Horse of a Feme sole and Sell it and afterwards marry her I shall have an Action of Debt against my Alienee because that I recover to the use of my Wife tamen quaere A Monk shall have a Quo minus debitum Domini Regis solvere non potest for the advantage upon a Lease made by the King reserving Rent 14 H. 4. The same Law if a Villein be made executor to a man to whom the Lord is bound the Villein shall have an Action against his Lord. The same Law if a Monk be made Executor c. The same Law if an Abbot hath been disseised and afterwards the disseisor is desseised the Disseisor releaseth with warranty and after that is made Abbot he shall find against his own Deed

c. The same law if an Abbot make a Feoffment in Fee and afterwards is deposed and sometime after is made Abbot now he shall have an Action against his Deed which he himself made when he was Abbot because that now he comes in as Successor and not in the place as he was before The same Law of Warden and Schollars But it would have been otherwise if he had disseised a Parson and made Feoffment in Fee with warranty or without warranty and afterwards is made Parson now if he will use an Action his own Feoffment shall be a Barr against him because that all that he shall recover by this Action is to his own use The same Law if a man disseise a woman and makes a Feoffment in Fee and afterwards he takes the woman to Wife in this case the Husband shall be Barred because that he will have advantage of this Recovery to his own use If a man hath right to have Land where his Entry is tolle and releaseth to the Tenant all manner of Actions and dye his Heir shall have his Action and recover the Land because that by such release no right is extinguished and if the Tenant makes Feoffment in Fee or dyes seised he that made the release shall have his Action against the Heir of the Tenant or his Feoffee against his own release and the cause is because that nothing is released but his Action against the same person and not any right If the Son disseise his Father and make a Feoffment with warranty or without warranty and after his Father dyes he cannot ouste his Feoffee because that it was his own Deed. A man hath good cause of Action sometimes and yet by matter ex post facto and by the Act of a Stranger his Action is destroyed As I am disseisee and he is disseisor and I release to the disseisor Also I bail or lend Goods to one a Stranger takes them the bailor sells them to a Stranger c. Action of Debt upon an obligation brought by an Executor the writ shall be detinet and not debet and for this cause they joyn in the same Action for an Horse delivered by themselves to the same Obligor The same Law if a man recover Lands by default in which I have an Estate for life and he recovers by another writ by default Lands wherein I have an Estate Tail I shall have a Quod ei deforceat because the conclusion of the writ serves me And so a man may joyn two or three things in his Action where the conclusion of his Action is pertinent to the several matters and doth not vary If two or three Acres are given severally in tail and the party discontinue the whole his Heir shall have Formedon for the whole because that the writ is le quel un I. dit S. dona and although the Acres are given severally that is not material forasmuch as the common Writ will serve in this case But if the Acres are given by divers or several men or that the one shall be given to the Heirs Males and the other to the Heirs Females and the third to the Heirs General in this case the Heir shall have several writs and not one writ because that one writ cannot serve for such several Gifts If I deliver Goods to one who is indebted to me and he dyes against his Executors I may have a writ for the Goods and for the Debt because that the writ is against the Executors for the Debt in the Detinet and for the detinue it is in the Detinet and therefore the writ well warrants the count to declare partly for debt and partly for Detinue but such an Action he could not have had against the Testator because that for the debt against him the writ ought to have been in the debet and detinet A Feoffment is made upon condition of payment by the Feoffor he commits Trespass and afterwards enters by force of payment c. yet the Feoffee shall have Trespass because his possession is affirm'd 43 E. 3. Assumpsit If he would relinquish such a debt to pay him 30 l. and sayes he did relinquish it c. and after Verdict for the Plaintiff Judgment stayed because he shews not how he relinquished it and it may be by parol which were void Gregory versus Lovell 3 Cro. 292. Assumpsit in Consideration he would discharge him from an Arrest and sayes that exoneravit ipsum moved in Arrest c. he shews not how he discharged him sed non allocatur for they might be per parol or for a time but in Pleading a discharge of a Rent or bond which must be by Deed and perpetual it must be shewed how King versus Hobs. 2. Cro. 930. 960. Assumpsit the Defendant pleads the discharge of the promise whereof Issue taken and found for the Plaintiff and divers defects in the Declaration moved in Arrest of Judgment but by Wr●y all these defects tending to the Assumpsit are cured by the collateral Plea Manwood v. Buston 2. Leond. 203 204. Assumpsit If he would make it appear c. and sayes he made it appear by the Court-Roll Good without saying what the Court Rolls were for the Infinitly So a Bond to save harmless from all Estreates good without shewing what for the same reason Vide 9 E. 4. 15. a. 22 E. 4. 41. a Mo. Pl. 1175. 3 Cro. 149 Pl 3. 919. Pl. 3. 3 Bulst 31. Latch 130. H. 2. H. 7. Pl 22. H. 6. H. 7. Pl. 8. 8. 22 E. 4. 15. ab 28. b. 29. a. Assumed he would assign Goods to pay c. and sayes he assigned and shews not how but per scriptum yet good Note after verdict Forth v. Yates Tr. 30 Car. 2. B R. Assumpsit against an Executor who Pleads solvit to such a one on a Bond of 100 l. and to another 100 l. on a Bond and so to divers others which he was forced to do the Payment being post exhibitionem Bille and Pleads a Recognizance in force not satisfied the Plaintiff Pleads non solvit to such a one 100 l. nor to such a one 100 l. Et si de ceteris hoc petit c. and to the Recognizance that it was satisfied and kept in force of Fraud the Defendant demurred quià replicatio multiplyed and double consisting of two matters where one goes to the whole but Judgment for the Plaintiff for the first objection to one 100 l. to another 100 l. make several Issues though que de hoc And in case of an Executor one may answer to every thing alledged by him H. 21 22. Car. 2. B. R. Jeffreys v. Dod. Assumpsit to permit Land to descend breach laid quod non permisit well being in the negative but in the affirmative it ought to be shewed how disposed though they could not descend H. 9. Jac. B. R. rot 3 Bulstr 18. Assumpsit to perform an Award and sets it forth the Defendant pleads

Tenant the Tenancy in Fee 2. Avowry upon my very Tenant by the manner as I make a Gift in Tail remainder over reserving Rent Also if Tenant by the Courtesy I avow upon him as before Also where a man dyes seised of three intire Mannors and if his Wife be endowed of one Mannor intire 3. Avowry upon my Tenant by the manner as Lessee for life rendring Rent Also if à Woman be endowed of the third part of a Mannor the Heir distrains her and avowes 4. Avowry upon the Land as a Rent-Charge is granted the Grantee avowes in the Lands charged with his distress 5. Avowry upon my matter as I am seised in Fee and let for years for certain Rent and so shew the whole matter Avowry for Homage or for Rent-service although that the Avowry be made upon the person incertain yet in this case he that is a Stranger cannot plead any thing but hors de son Fee or that which is Tantamount as a Release c. which prove the Land to be out of the Fee of the Lord. A Man cannot avow the taking of Beast for Rent arrear if those Beasts were taken by Night but for damage Fesant he may Pasch 10 E. 3. Where the Avowant shall justifie and where he shall make Avowry Where the Avowant is of right to have the thing for which he distrains he shall make Avowry although that the Estate of him upon whom he avows be determined as if I let Lands for term d'auter vie and I distrain for the Rent cestuy que vie dies the other sues Replevin I make Avowry for homage he that ought to do homage dyes his Executors sue Replevin now I ought to justifie because the thing for which the the distress was made by his death is gone and extinct As two Jointenants the one enfeoffs a Stranger of all that c. upon Condition the Feoffee gives notice to the Lord here he holds of the Lord pro particula illa and the Lord shall have several Rents of the Tenants And yet if the Lord grant the services of the Feoffee to a Stranger and he attorne and afterwards the Condition is broken by which the Feoffor who was jointenant enters again here the Jointure is reviv'd and they hold the grant of Services of his part and the other Jointenant holds of the Lord as he held before and yet they are Jointenants Avowry by the Lord for homage and alledgeth seisin by the Husband of Lands which he hath in Right of his Wife The Plaintiff alledgeth that the Husband hath nothing but in right of his Wife and although he alleadgeth seisin by the Husband c. yet he sheweth that the Husband was seized in his demesne as of Fee without that that the Wife hath any thing c. 11 H. 4. If a man makes Avowry upon one as Son and Heir of his Mother where he is in as Heir to his Father the Avowry is abated In Avowry for Rent Service or any other Rent except that he shews the Commencement of the Rent as a Gift in tail or a Grant of a Rent-Charge he ought to alledg no seisin of the Rent in his Avowry because he shews the Commencement of the Rent In Avowry for Homage or Escuage if he shew not the Commencement of the Tenure he ought to shew seisin of the Homage or otherwise it is not good Avowry for Releif or aid pur file marrier he ought not to alledg seisin of the Releif nor of the Aid because that they are no parcel of the Tenure as Homage or Escuage be but incident to the Seigniory Where in Avowry the Defendant shall answer to the seisin and where he shall traverse IN Avowry the Lord alledgeth seisin of the services the Tenant cannot traverse the Tenure in part but he shall answer to the seisin For in Avowry the Tenant shall not avoid encroachment of Services but in a Writ of Rescous or in Assife he may avoid the encrochment and not answer to the Tenure If the Lord encroch an other thing which was not part of the Tenure before the encrochment it is void and the party shall avoid it and Travers it notwithstanding seisin alledged as where the Tenant holds by Homage and Ten shillings the Lord encroches a Horse this encrochment is void because it is an other thing and other then the Tenure was before Also where the Lord avowes for Homage and Ten shillings Rent the Tenant may say that he holds of him by Homage Ancestrel without that that he holds of him by Homage and ten shillings in this case he shall not answer to the seisin because that he may traverse the entire Tenure of the same thing quod nota Where the Effect of the Plea shall be Traversed THe Avowant avows that I. S. was seised of an Acre of Land and so seised grants him Twenty shillings Rent in Fee The Plaintiff saith that the said I. S. had nothing but for Term of Life of the Lease of the Plaintiff the which I. S. is dead this is a good Plea and the Plaintiff shall not say without that that I. S. was seised in Fee and yet the Avowant alledgeth that he was seised in Fee and the Plaintiff saith that he had nothing but for Term of Life which is in a manner contrary and yet the plea is good and he shall not be compell'd to say without that that he was seised in Fee and the reason is because that seisin in Fee was not the effect of the Avowry but the Grant which is confessed and avoided and because Seisin in Fee is not the effect the Plaintiff may answer it by an Affirmative and shall not be compelled to travers with a without that The same Law is in Avowries when the Avowant saith that he was seised of an Acre in Fee and let the same to the Plaintiff for Life or for years reserving Rent and for Rent arrear he avows The Plaintiff saith that one I. S. was seised in his demesne as of Fee and let to the Avowant for the life of I. N. the which I. N. dyed and the said I. S. entred before whose Entry there was nothing arrear this is a good Plea and he shall not need to say without that that the Avowant was seised in Fee at the time of the Lease for if the Seisin had been the Effect of his Avowry he ought to have Traversed or Confessed and Avoided and this he hath notdone for the Avowant saith that he was seised in Fee and the Plaintiff saith that he was seised but for Term of Life the which is no direct Travers but Argumentative but the Plea is good enough because that the seisin is not the Effect of the Barr but the Lease quod nota Bail ALattitat is sued out against two in a Joint Action and both taken one puts in Bail as of Michaelmas and the other of Hillary Term The Court was moved That the Bail of Michaelmas Term might be taken

off and filed as of Hillary Term Else it would be Error to declare in a Joint Action upon Bail for one in Michaelmas and the other in Hillary Term quod concessum fuit per curiam If a Captas be awarded and Returned non est inventus against the Principal and the Bail bring him not in If the Principle dye although there be no Scire facias against the Bail Yet the Bail is chargeable For though the Court will excuse the Bail Yet the Bail if they bring in the Principle before the Return of the Second scire facias yet this is of grace and not of necessity If the Husband and Wife be Arrested for the Debt of the Wife and the Baron find Bail for himself yet he may be detained until ●e find Bail for his Wife but he shall not be detained until find Bail for her Husband or the Husband for himself Judgment was given against one in the Kings-Bench upon which he was in Execution and had another Judgment against him in the Common-Pleas in which Court his Sureties to save their Bail brought him to the Barr by Habeas Corpus to render his Body but before that he had brought a writ of Error in the Kings-Bench to reverse the Judgment in the Common-Pleas but the Record was not removed In this Case the Court said When a man comes in to save his Bail he shall not be committed if the party do not pray it but when Error is brought before that he be in Execution it is a supersedeas so that they cannot commit him at the Prayer of the party And Waller Prothonatory said That the Bail is to render his Body so that the Party may take it in execution but here he cannot in regard a writ of Error is brought and therefore the Sureties shall be discharged Mith. 14 Jacobi in Banco Communi In the Common-Pleas the Bail is bound in a certain summ but it is not so in the Kings-Bench and when a man enters Bail in the Kings-Bench in a cause they shall be charged in all Suits between the same partyes entred the same Term. The Bail shall answer for all Actions brought the same Term against the Party for whom he is Bail but if a man be bail for another and hath Lands in Fee and he declares and afterwards the Bail sells his Lands and an other commenceth a Suit against the party the same Term he shall not be charged with the other Actions Cro. lib 2. fo 449. Term. no Sci ' Hillarii Anno 15 Jacobi Regis One Gabriel Mihil was indebted to A. B. and put in Bail in the Common-Pleas to pay the same and afterwards A. B. Arrested Mihil in London for the same Debt whereupon Judg Forster the other Judges being in the Chancery awarded an Attachment against A. B. for this Contempt and herewith agrees 2 H. 7. Hill 15 Jac. in C. B. Bankrupt IF Creditors after a Commission of Bankrupt is sued forth although at the first they refused yet within three or four months they come and tender their proportion towards the charges of the Commission They shall be received to have their parts as the other Creditors if no distribution hath been made of the Bankrupts estate before The Commissioners of a Bankrupt may sell the Goods of a Bankrupt altho the Bankry had sold them or disposed of them to his Creditors if the sale or disposal thereof were after he became a Bankrupt The Commissioners may sell the Copy-hold Lands of a Bankrupt for and towards the payment of his Debts by Deed inden●ed and inrolled declaring how he was found a Bankrupt and expressing to the use of the Creditors and at next Court the vendee shall be admitted and have his Copy I. C. and R. C. brought an Action of Debt jointly upon a joint Debt assigned to them by Commissioners upon the Statute of Bankrupts and it was said by the whole Court that the Commissioners had not pursued their Authority by that joint Assignment for they ought prorata to have assigned to every one but quere if the joint Debt may be divided among the C●ed●tors and the Lord Chief Justice said That a Custom may devide a Debt and then à fortiori an Act of Parliament may Mich. 10 Jacobi in C. B. A Bankrupt cannot make sale of any of his Goods after he becomes Bankrupt but Goods which he hath as Executor or a Legacy before it be invested in him or a Grant of a Reversion before Entry all these shall not be charged within the Statute But if a man sells those Goods which he hath as Executor and afterwards retakes an Estate to himself or converts them to his own use this is within the Statute Per dom Coke et alios justic ' Pasch 9. Jac. in Com Banco A man shall not Forfeit those Goods which he hath as Executor by Outlary ib. Barr. A Man may be Barred pro tempore and yet afterwards he shall have his Action IN Debt against an Executor he Pleads plene administravit and so it is found the Plaintiff shall be Barred and yet if Goods comes to his hands which were the Testators he shall have a Writ of Debt The same law in Debt against an Heir who pleads Riens per discent which is found so and afterwards he hath Lands by discent c. In Formedon the Tenant pleads the warranty of the Ancestor of the Demandant with that that he hath Assets by discent he pleads that he hath nothing and it is found that he hath he is Barred To plead a thing by way of Barr or Estoppel which the Demandant or plaintiff is to defeat or destroy by the Usageof his Action is no good Plea AS in Attaint brought upon a Verdict de nativo habendo Villenage is no Plea Also where Reversion and Rent pleaded for Assets is not Assets there the Heir is to defeat the Assets If a man sues a Prohibition and the Defendant alledgeth Excommunication in the Plaintiff he may say t is for the same cause If a Villein brings a Writ of Error upon Judgment had in nativo habendo Villenage is no Plea Where a man Pleads a Recovery in Barr he ought to add more to it or otherwise the Recovery is no Barr. ANd that is where the Tenant Pleads a Recovery by default against the Demandant he ought to add more to it viz. with that that he will averr that he was Tenant at the time of the Recovery The same Law if Tenant in Precipe quòd reddat will Plead a Recovery in a Writ of Cosinage by default he ought to shew how he was Cosin Also if the Tenant will Plead a Recovery in a Writ of Right against the Demandant by default he ought to shew of what possession his Writ of Right was conceived But otherwise it is if he will Plead a Recovery in Formedon by Action tryed this Recovery is a good Barr without adding any thing more to it where note the Diversity Where a man

demands a Debt or any thing by Deed he shall not be Barred but by deed or a thing of as high a nature AS Trespass for taking of an Apprentice it is no Plea to say he discharged him ●●●●out speciality Mich. 22 H. 6. The same Law in Debt upon an Obligation it is no Plea for the Defendant to say that the Plaintiff hath received parcel at such a place depending the Writ Judgment 7 E. 3. The same Law in Debt upon Arrearages of Account the Defendant Pleaded Arbitrement it is no Barr because that Debt upon Arbitrement is not of so high a nature as Debt upon Arrearages of Account for there he cannot wage Law The same Law in Debt upon an Obligation it is no Plea to say that he hath paid the Summ in demand to the Plaintiff because that he ought if he will avoid the Deed to say that he hath the Plaintiffs Release or Acquittance to shew The Disseisor Levies a Fine with Proclamations the Five years pass the Disseisee is bound afterwards the Disseisor reverseth the Fine by a Writ of Error then the Disseisee may enter and yet he was once Barred Vide Barr pro tempore Where a man shall Plead a Barr which shall comprehend one matter in fait and where it shall comprehend two matters IF a man Pleads in Barr an Arbitrement he ought to say where the Submission was and also where the Award was made and so to make the Plea certain But when he Pleads a Plea which comprehends two matters he ought not to shew the certainty until the Plaintiff hath Traversed one of them Of Barrs perpetual A Woman is bound to me in an Obligation and I afterwards take her to Wife I am once Barred and allwayes Barred Tenant in Tail leaves Assets which is Pleaded against him who is Heir both he and all his Heirs are Barred for ever A man is bound to pay the Abbot of Westminster and his Successors every year Twenty shillings the Abbey being dissolved he is discharged of the Twenty shillings for ever Also if a man be obliged to keep my Court in Dale I purchase all the Copy-holds and Free-holds of the said Mannor he is discharged from keeping the said Court for ever See Pleas and Pleadings Cinque-Ports AN Elegit to extend Lands within the Cinque-Ports was directed to the Constable of Dover But he would not extend so that the Plaintiff was compelled to have a Certiorari to remove the Record out of the Kings-Bench into the Chancery And from thence by Mittimus sent to the Constable to make Execution Custom 's and Prescriptions ALI Customes against Cannon-Law are to be Tryed at Common-Law and not in the Ecclesiastical Courts Customs are payable to the King by the Common-Law the Reasons why they are so paid see in Davies Rep. fo 9. ct 10. Le case del Customs See the difference between Malum in se etmalum prohibitum and how the King may Pardon it but not licence it to be done 11 H. 7. fo 12. et Davies Rep. fo 73. Where Debt or damages are recovered in a Court-Baron the Bailiff ought not to sell the Goods of the Defendant and deliver the money to the Plaintiff But to impound them and keep them as pledges until the Defendant makes his agreement but where it hath been the use of the Court to award a Levari facias it is good by Custome Where the younger son in Burrough-English dyes the Middle Son not the Eldest shall have the Land The same Law for Customary or Copy-hold Lands It was the Custom of the Kings-Bench every Term once or twice to send the Coroner of that place to the Marshal to view the Prisoners that are in the Marshals Custody by Commititur or matter of Record and if any of them are wanting that he could not find them there then to mark their names in his Coroners Book and to inform the Court thereof And thereupon the Court did pose the Marshal who was to inform the Justices what was become of those Prisoners And if he found not sufficient cause of excuse the Court would Record their escape against the Marshal And the abusing of an Office is the escape of Prisoners in the Marshal an abuse of his Office and just cause of Forfeiture If an Alien have a son that is also an Alien and after the Father is made free and then hath another Son and after purchaseth Lands and dyes The second Son born after the Freedom shall be Heir and not the Eldest by the Common-Law and usage of the Realm And also if there be three Brothers and the middlemost purchaseth Lands and dyes without Heir of his Body the Eldest Brother shall inherit and not the Youngest By the Custom of London a Feme Covert that is to say a Sole Merchant may sue and be sued in absence of her Husband Bulstrode part 1. fo 14. where you may read of three sorts of Customs that are void and against Law 1. a Custom against Justice 2. a Custom against the Benefit of the Common-Wealth and 3. a Custom that is to the Prejudice of a third Person Custom and usage in the intendment of the Law is such a usage as hath obtained the force of Law and is binding to such particular place as Gavelkind in Kent and Burrough-Euglish in many Corporations in England When the Custom of the Realm is the Common Law WHen it is the Common-Law a Custom ought not to be alleadged or Pleaded But an Action against a Carrier Hoyman Common Hosteler and for negligently keeping of Fire the Plaintiff may declare upon the General Custom of the Realm or not at his Election And note That a Custom is always Local and to be alleadged in one certain place but a Prescription is personal and ought to be alledged in some persons certain as in such a man his Ancestors or Predecessors or those whose Estate he hath 22 H. 6. 22. A Prescription is always to be of such a thing and in such manner as may be intended to have a lawful and legal commencement or otherwise it is not good but a Custom may be contrary to the Rules and Maxims of the Law as Borough-English Gavelkind Copy-hold Tenures So Lands devisable by Custom So that the Custom be reasonable Co. 6. Gatewards case lib 5. Perimans Case None can prescribe but who hath Fee but all other Estates derived out of the Fee as Lessee for years Life or at Will ought to prescribe in him who hath the Fee Gatewards case ubi supra A Lord prescribed that he and all those whose Estates he hath in the Mannor have hitherto used to have a Herriot after the death of any Tenant for life or for years within the Mannor and good notwithstanding the Estates of the Tenants have no continuance 21 H. 7. 15. Prescription ought not to be in the Negative but if it be in the Negative with an Affirmative it is good 14 H. 6. 3. 22 H. 6. 36. 11 E. 4

2. A Prescription by Que Estate ought not to be of things which lye in Grant as Rents Villein c. but ought to be made only in him who prescribes and his Ancestors or otherwise he ought to shew the Deed and Grant by which he claims But a man may alledg a Que Estate of a thing which lyes in Grant when it is but a Conveyance to another thing as to say that he and all those whose Estates he hath in an Hundred have used alwayes to have a Leet So a man may alledge a Que Estate in another of a thing which lyes in Grant although not privy to the Conveyance as the Plaintiff in Replevin may alledg a Que Estate in the Seigniory in the Avowant Co. Lit. 121. Such things as cannot be forfeited or seised before the Encheson of the forfeiture be found by Record cannot be claimed by Prescription as Bona et Catalla Felonum c. Co. Lit. 113. Lib. 9. Abbot de Strata Marcella's Case When one hath Common by Prescription paying for it such a Summ of money he may prescribe generally and if the Money be not paid it may be shewn of the other side and also is a Condition subsequent but when a Custom is for one to have Pot-water c. paying a peny for it Quaere if it may be claim'd generally because that the other part hath not any Remedy for the peny Co 5. Rep. Grayes Case In Replevin the Avowant said That the Plaintiff and his Ancestors and those whose Estate he hath in such Lands c. have Common in locus in quo c. being the Land of the Avowant and that he and his Ancestors c. have paid 10 s. per annum for the same and so avowes and good per curiam 26 H. 6. 5. When a Corporation which hath any thing by Prescription be changed and incorporated by an other name c. how they ought to prescribe see Co. Lib. 6. fo 66. 7 E. 4. 32. Co. Lib. 8. fo 64. Inhabitants of a Town cannot prescribe but they may alledg a Custom 18 E. 4. 3. A man prescribes that he and his Ancestors and all their Tenants at Will have Common of Turbary it is not good See the Prescription in the Bishop of Winchesters Case 2 Rep. 1. That he and his Predecessors Bishops there have used time out of mind for himself and their Tenants to hold the Demesnes of the Mannor discharged from Tithes 9 H. 6. 62. A Benefit or Profit apprendre cannot be claimed by Custom in the Lands of another except in Cases of necessity as in the Case of a Copy-holder when he claims Common or other profit in the wasts of the Mannor or in other Lands of the Lord with the Mannor But when he claims it in the Lands of any other within or out of the Mannor he must prescribe in the Lord and the thing where c. be it aliened and severed from the Mannor or comes again to the Lord although the Copy-holder in such Cases may alledg the Custom Co. 6. Gatewards Case Lib. 4. 31. Co. 8. 64. Swains Case An Action upon the Case for stopping a Water-course que currere consuevit was brought against one and held good But if it be against a Terretenant or when a Quod permittat or an Assise is brought there he must prescribe and shew his Title A Custom pro bono privato cannot be alledged in an Upland Town which is neither City or Burrough But Customs which are pro bono publico as to have a Way to the Church to make By-Laws for Reparations of a Church Highways or Bridges or for the good ordering of a Common may be alledged in an Upland Town or Hamlet Co. Lit. 110. A Copy-holder ought not to alledge a Custom to make a Surrender because it is the Custom throughout England so of a Lease for a year for by the general Custom of England Copy-holders may make Leases for a year Co. 9. 751. Combes Case Co. Entr. 576. But particular Customs of particular places may be alledged as the Custom of Gavelkind and of Burrough-English which Customs must be precisely pleaded and alledged 28 H. 8. Dyer 27 b. Rast Entr. 143. Co. Entr. 602. But the Lord Coke in his Commentary upon Littleton fo 175. b. is of Opinion that it is sufficient to say that the Land is of the Custom of Gavelkind or of Burrough-English for that the Law takes notice of the Quality of the Customs How and in what manner a Custom may be pleaded and when it shall be a good plea and when not SEE James Bags Case in the Lord Cokes Reports lib 11. fo 94. where in the Margin of the Pleading in Action upon the Case against the Major and Burgesses of Plimouth it is said that in the Plea of the Major and Burgesses they ought to have first prescribed that they were a Corporation of a Major and Burgesses time out of mind c. Co. 11. 94. Note The Parishoners may prescribe to Choose two Church-Wardens and may put them out of their Office if they see cause The Parishioners may not bring an Action of Account against the Church-Wardens But they may choose other Church-Wardens and they may have an Action of Account against the former No man can prescribe to have a Pew or Seat in a Church but in an Isle adjoyning to the Church which he hath used to repair at his own Charge If a man dwell in one Parish and hold Lands in another Parish he shall be Taxed towards the repair of that Church where the Lands lye For he is accounted a Parishioner there in respect of the Land and the person and not the Land is chargeable But if a man lets Land to another the Lessor is not chargeable in respect of the Rent he receives If a man comes to a Common Inn and delivers his Horse to the Hostler and requires him to put him out to Grass and he doth it accordingly and the Horse is stolen the Inn-holder shall not answer for it Tythes shall be paid for the second mowing of Grass unless there be a prescription to be discharged by payment for the Tythes of the first Mowing But after Tithes are paid for the first Mowing it is thereby discharged for that year for all after pasture for Tythes shall not be paid two ways in one year for the same thing No prescription in Lands maketh a Right Therefore a man must shew some other matter to prove his Right but a prescription of Rents or Profits out of Lands makes a Right A Woman may prescribe that all the Women within such a Town have been endowed of the moiety of all the Lands of their Husbands of which they were seized as of Fee yet she shall not be endowed of the Moiety of the Rent Where there is a Custom That if the Father be hanged for Felony his Son shall Inherit and the Land shall not escheat to the Lord yet if the Father shall

1. B. R. Sti 4. Debt upon an Obligation he pleads that he pay'd at such a day the Jury find he did not pay at that day the Truth was the●e were two dayes of payment and he payd one part the one day and the other at the other day the Court seemed he is condemned by the Verdict and his own Plea P 24. Car 1. B. R. Sti. 93 94. Debt upon Obligation to perform Articles the Defendant pleads Covenants performed Issue and Verdict for the Plaintiff who moved for a new Tryal to prevent Error because no Issue joyned but the Court said it was a good issue but ill plea whereon he might have demurred and ruled the Defendant shews Cause why a Replication should not be Weights Case M 24. Car 1. B. R. Sti. 139 140. In Debt upon a single Bill the Defendant pleads he had paid and the other accepted part since the Action brought ruled a good Plea in Abatement of the Writ not in Barr of the Action as here 't is Hillingworth versus Whetstone P. 1649. B. R. Sti. 112 163 Co. 9 Jnst 303. 2 Cro. 304. 959. H. 10. H. 7. Pl 3. M. 21. E. 4. Pl. 38. Debt for 40. l. against an Executor he pleads that he received but 10 l. and 40 l. was due to him the Plaintiff replies that he is Executor de tort and has more goods Et hoc parat c. where it should be Et hoc petit c. ill and that discontinues the whole Plea Alexander versus Lane In Debt for Rent Lessee pleads that Lessor nil habet c. he replyes quod habet 't is ill not shewing what estate but cured by Verdict if Issue be joyned and found quod habet Hill versus Glassey Yel 227. 2 Cro. 312. Debt upon two Bonds whereof one is not due the Defendant pleads a Release of that and another Plea to the other both found against him and this shewed in Arrest of Judgment yet shall not be stayed for by his pretending a false Release he passed over that Advantage So in Debt by an Executor the Defendant pleads he has a Co-Executor who has released to him and found against him the Plaintiff has Judgment Friths Case 3 Cro. 68 69. 4041. 110. 111. In Debt on an Obligation the Defendant pleads al jour and issue of it puis darr contin he pleads that the money was attached in his hands in London Pel versus Pel 2. Cro. 101. Debt upon two Bonds the Defendant demands Oyer of the Condition one of which was to pay c. after performance of a Will the other was to pay c. within two years after the Devisor's death and performance c. and pleads that the Will was that he should make a Release and alledges the death to be at such a day which is within two years and that he required the Defendant to make a Release and he refused Issue of the death and all found for the Plaintiff moved in Arrest c. one day is not come and damages intire so no Judgment to be but per Cur. 't is only the Allegation of the Defendant that he dyed at such a day which if true the Defendant would have rested on it and not have pleaded a false Plea whereon the Issue is taken and found against him Thurbettle versus Reeve and Tye 3 Cro. 110. 111. 40. 41. 68 69. Debt upon an Obligation the Defendant pleads non est factum 't is found that he Sealed c. and the Seal was torn off after the Plea pleaded but on atthe time of the Plea 't is against the Plaintiff Mirral versus Scebrith 3 Cro. 120 Co. 5 Rep 119. b. Debt for Rent against an Executor he pleads Levy per distress and sans Detinet void find no Levy by distress but that an assignment was made by the Testator and the Rent paid by the Assignee and adjudged for the Defendant for the substance is on the new Detinet and the rest but circumstance S. Tho. Cecil versus Harriot 3 Cro. 140. Debt on a Bond conditioned to save harmless against another Bond of Fifty two pounds And so he saved him harmless but because that he shews not that he was not damnified before ill Denis versus Thomas 3 Cro. 156. In Debt on a Bond by A. and B. the Defendant pleads the Obligation was made to them and B. And that all three have an Action depending against him Judgment is got but because the Bond to three cannot be intended And that the Plea goes in Abatement and he has concluded in Barr ill Isumet Priscot versus Hitchcot 3 Cro. 102. Debt on Obligation conditioned If such Lands be four miles distant c. the Defendant pleads that 't is four thousand paces distant the plea Ruled good for a thousand paces is a mile So it tantamounts the Condition but how a mile or the spaces shall be reckoned per communem viam or strait as a Bird could Fly qu. Mirige versus Eat 3 Cro. 212. 267. Debt super Obligation conditioned to pay 35 l. at Michaelmas and 33 at Lady-day he pleads payment of the 70 l. secundum formam Conditionis good though objected he should have pleaded several payments for the several Conditions do implye it Lox versus Lee 3. Cro 256. In Debt a good plea in Barr replication ill Judgment by nil dicit because the Defendant never rejoyned shall not be reversed for that ill till all be made up herewith agrees Co 5. Rep. 55. a Princ. Boyer versus Jennings 3 Cro. 284. Debt against an Executor the Defendant pleads that pending the Action another brought an Action for a true Debt of the Testator which he confessed and that he has nothing wherewith to satisfie the Judgment the Plaintiff protestando that was a true Debt pro placito replyes that the Recovery was by Covin to deceive him Defendant demurrs and adjudged against him for the Covin is not Issuable but reversed in Error nor could the Recovery be by Covin if the Debt true Greene versus Wilcox 3. Cro 462 463. Obligation conditioned to appear in the Kings-Bench the Defendant pleads that the Court was adjourned to Hartford and that he appeared there ill not saying prout ●atet per Recordum Corbet versus Cooke 3 Cro 466. Debt super Obligation covenanted to appear in the Kings-Bench such a day and there elect two Arbitrators who with two more to be elected by the Plaintiff shall Award c. the Defendant pleads that he appeared there at the day and there elected two the Plaintiff was not there time enough for the Award to be made nor that he had his Arbitrators there Edwards versus Marks 3 Cro 549. Debt upon Obligation conditioned that if he upon request deliver the Plaintiff all the Tallow that shall be made before Michaelmas of all Beasts killed by him or his servants then c. the Defendant pleads generally prout in Condition the plaintiff demurred supposing he ought to set out particularly

Record Fo● versus Iucks 2 Cro. 13● In Debt against an Executor he pleads a Judgment in Barr and because he did not plead prout patet per Recordum it was resolved to be ill 2 Cro. 226. Defendant in Debt to perform an Award which was to enfeoff or Release or pay 20 s. pleads performance ill not shewing which for performance of any one is good excuse wherefore he must shew what he hath performed 27 H. 6. I. b. In Debt against an Executor or Administrator he pleads a Judgment and that he hath not Goods preterquam que non c. Co. 9. Rep. 109 110. 'T is held ill on general demurrer not shewing what summ he has but Hob. 133. More versus Andrews 't is held but form and good on general demurrer and Vide Co. Entr. 446. a. 148. Pl. 27. 152. a. 269. a. 617. b. It is oftner pleaded in the general then to plead a particular summ c. here the Court held it but a form and cured by General demurrer Davies versus Davies Tr. 16. Car. 2. B. R. Debt on a Bond conditioned to pay all c. Defendant pleads he paid all without shewing what the Plaintiff replied he received some summs and has not paid the replication good for the knowledg is on the Defendants side what he received therefore to have been set out by him and not by the Plaintiff in the Replication and therefore the Barr ill Woodcock versus Cole Tr. 16. Car. 2. B. R. Debt super Obligation conditioned to deliver such Letters by such a day plea that he delivered them secundum Conditionem ill for being to do a particular thing by a particular day he ought to have pleaded particularly and not generally secundum conditionem Brook versus Deane P. 16 Car. 2. B. R. Rot. 451. Debt upon a Bond at London conditioned that if a ship do not miscarry c. Defendant pleads she miscarryed in Cornwall ill for he cannot plead transitory matter in another County then the Action is laid and so altered the Trial and if he have local matter to plead he must shew it Collings versus Sutton Tr. 16 Car. 2 B. R. rot 1666. 11 H. 4. 50. a. b. Debt and counts that one possessed of a Term granted him a Rent by mean Conveyances is come to the Defendants and shews not how yet ruled good aliter if the Term be pleaded to come to himself or any that he is privy to Note This was after Verdict but no advantage taken of the Verdict Cotes versus Wade m. 18. Card. B. R. Debt for an Escape and begins with the Writ of Execution and Arrest ill not shewing the Judgment quod cum recuperasset c. Jones versus Pope M. 18. Car. 2 B. R. Debt on a Bond conditioned to save against another Bond Defendant pleads that he did save not shewing how the Plaintiff sayes he was sued at Law pro eo quod the money was not paid and pleads not the Writ c. as he ought the Defendant rejoynes he had not notice which is a departure and not material the Plaintiff demurrs Resolved the Barr ill but if not to have it specially assigned for cause Secondly the eo quod affirmative and Traversable as well as if said in facto Thirdly the Replication ill not pleading the Writ c. Fourthly because the rejoyner is a departure and admits it being but ill for incertainty and circumstance has cured it Cather versus Peirce Soutbres and Falker M 18. Card. 2. in Sci. Debt against an Executor who pleas three Judgments in debt had against him and sayes nor pro vero debo and concludes prout patet per seperalia recorda et inde exeeution tato it for both Cases no resolution Palmer verses Lawson M. 18. Car. 2. R. R. Rot. 302. Debt on a Bond to perform an Award Ita quod it be made before 25 March pleads nul Award replication that ante 27 May they made an Award good without saying infra tempus limitat they may traverse nullum c. without traversing the day if not before the day the Jury is to find it Skinner versus Andrews Hill 20. Car. 2. B. R. Rot. 292. Debt against two Executors they plead a Judgment had against one as Administrator who ultra to satisfie hath not Assets et bene Parker versus Amy. Hill 20 21. Car. 2. B. R. Debt on a Bond against an Executor who pleads a Judgment and a Bond the Plaintiff replies the Judgment satisfied and satisfaction given Et hoc paratus est verificare And to the Bond assets ultra Et hoc petit quod inquiratur per Patriam Defendant demurrs and adjudged for the Plaintiff though not said to the first per Recordum for but form and cured by the general demurrer also he has not answered the last issuable Plea Hancock versus Proud M. 21. Card. 2. B. R. Debt on a Bond conditioned to do several things Defendant pleads performed generally and demurr adjudged ill he should have answered to all the particulars expressed in the Action aliter where 't is to perform Covenants Winbleton versus Helderup Trin. 22 Car. B. R. rot 704. Debt on a Bond conditioned to perform Covenants which were within two years to deliver a Mapp of all Land in D. in the possession of A. Lessee of B. and B. pleads performance repl Assigns breach that Lessee did not deliver a Mapp within two years of all the Lands in D. in his Occupation and in the occupation of B. and C. and the replication seems ill first because he does not say Lessee nor his Executors Secondly in his occupation is uncertain what is meant by it Thirdly he ought to shew what Lands were in the possession of B. and C. Q. If the recital not an Estopel to say none were Palmer versus Greenhil Executor of Greenhil Pa. 11 Jac. Rot 688 Bridg. 46. Debt by two Barons and their Femes on an Obligation made to their Femes when sole and say the money was not paid them good and though not said vel licaui eorum for payment to one is payment to both Sparmer versus Stone et ux ' vide Pa. 77 et Latch 49 and Pop. 161 ibm 3. Count jointly and severally in Action against one sufficient to say he paid not but if against all that they nec aliquis eorum Noy 69. Executors sue on a Bond Testat plea non est factum after Verdict for the Plaintiff moved yet he had Judgment Noy 79. A. and B. joyntly and severally bound to stand to an Award betwixt them and I. S. Arbitrators awarded A. to pay B. 3 s. B. to pay 10 s. to I. S. in debt on the Bond in Plea for A. to say he had performed the Award without shewing how and how B. had performed it for he is bound to him also Bendlo 5. Debt on a Contract Defendant pleads payment in a Forraign County and on demurrer adjudged ill he might have pleaded in the County and so

any other Title or to have any other Action to recover the Land than that by which he hath recovered and by the same reason that he shall not have a Cessavit he shall not have Eschete If a man hath Rent in Fee he may distrain or have a Writ of Annuity and if he brings a Writ of Annuity and hath Judgment to recover although that he sues not out Execution yet he shall never distrain for the Rent afterwards Tenant in Tail discontinues for Life and dyes and the Tenant for Life aliens in Fee and the Heir bring in consimili casu and recovers now by this Judgment he shall never have a Formedon of the same Land c. The disseisor enfeoffs the disseisee by deed indented upon Condition or makes a Lease for Life by Deed indented this is a good Conclusion to the disseisee to demand his Right and the Reason is that by the Deed indented the disseisee hath affirmed the Estate of the Disseisor which is as much as if he had confirmed his Estate before the Feoffment In Debt upon an Obligation the Defendant pleads a Release upon which the Plaintiff is Nonsuit afterwards the Plaintiff brings a new Action of Debt the Defendant shall be estopped to say that he was deins age or that the Obligation was made per minas But it is otherwise if the Plea be discontinued An Essoin is cast for the Tenant in a Writ of Dower yet the Tenant shall be received to say that he hath been allways ready to render Dower and because that an Essoin may be cast for a Stranger this Essoin is no Estoppel for an Estoppel shall be good to every intent but because an Essoin may be cast for a Stranger as well as for the Tenant himself it shall be said an Estoppel I bring an Assise of Mortdancestor and recover when in Truth I have no Right c. yet the Wife of the same Father shall be endowed c. Also in Avowry Tenant for life Aliens in Fee the Wife of Tenant for Life shall be endowed against the Feoffee Also Tenant in Tail is bound by Statute and makes Feoffment Execution against the Feoffee Of some Estoppels none shall have advantage but those who are parties or privies AS if I loose Land by Erroneous Judgment or false Verdict those that are Strangers shall have no advantage But of some Estoppels every one shall have advantage As Bastardy certified by the Bishop User of Action is no Estoppel to prejudice an other viz. Heir c. AS a man grants a Rent Charge in Fee to an Abbot and his Successors or to a Feme-Covert and her Heirs if the Abbot or Husband brings an Action it shall not prejudice the Successor or the Wife In no Case one person shall estopp another but in Dower AS where a Woman demands Dower and she hath Writings touching the Inheritance of the Heir for in debt it is no Plea to say that the Plaintiff is indebted to the Defendant in ten pounds because that it cannot be tryed by the Original 3 H. 6. In every Case where I am Barred of Land as if it be found that I am not next Heir this Estoppel shall pass with the Land and every one that claims the Land by me shall be Estopped but of other Lands it shall be no Estoppel against me 33 H. 6. IF I bring a Praecipe quod reddat by the name of Richard when my name is John and recover by default against the Tenant and afterwards I bring another Writ by my right name against the same Tenant he shall not estopp himself by that Recovery So if I have misnamed the Tenant in the first Record because he shall not be grieved by it Mich. 33 H. 6. contra per Prisot contra per Fortescue 34. By Prisot none shall be received to plead an Estoppel against another but he that pleads may be estopped by the same plea and this is where both parties are parties to the Record otherwise not For if I bring an Action by the name of Robert when my name is John against one that pleads with me if afterwards I sue him by the name of John he shall estopp me by that Record but against a Stranger I shall not be estopped by it by Prisott and by Fortescue 30 H. 6. 26 H. 6. 14 E. 4. contra Bastardy certified against me or found against me every Stranger shall estopp me because that every Stranger is estopped to say that I am mulier But if I am certified mulier a Stranger shall not be estopped by it to plead special Bastardy because that it may be that I am a Bastard in our Law and a mulier in the spiritual Law but not è contra No Stranger shall take advantage by an Estoppel but where the Estoppel extinguisheth the Right AS if a Man makes a Lease to me for Term of years of my own Land and the Term passeth and he enters and grants a Rent Charge in Fee and afterwards I recover against the Grantor the Land by default the Grantee shall not falsify the Recovery by Estoppel A Stranger shall not take advantage of an Estoppel in fait if it be in the Realty but by matter of Record it is otherwise A Man takes a Lease of Lands for years or for Life of which Lands he himself ●s se●sed in Fee or in Tail at the time of the Lease made if it be by Deed indented he is estopped to say that he had any Estate or Right in those Lands at the time of the Lease The same Law if a man be disseised and takes a Lease of the disseisor for a term of years of the same Lands by Deed indented But if a man takes a Lease for term of life of his disseisor he shall not be thereby estopped notwithstanding it be by Deed indented because that by the Livery he is remitted and the Lease is void ut dicitur quaere tamen for the Indenture is strong against him but if it be indented it is cleer Law but if it be by Fine it shall be an Estoppel because that the Estoppel takes effect before his Entry Or if Livery be made out of the Lands within View c. If a man makes a Lease by Deed indented to one of his own Lands now he is concluded after the Lease determines the Lessor enters by force of the conclusion and a stranger comes in aid of him the Lessee shall punish the stranger for this Trespass and he shall not conclude him by force of the Lease because he is wholly a stranger to the Judgment per totam Curiam 14 H. 6. But quaere if he justify as servant if he shall conclude himself Fines and Recoveries A Fine was Levied of Lands in two Counties and but one County mentioned in the Fine yet because it was for the uses declared in an Indenture which did mention the Lands in the other County all the Lands mentioned in the Indenture did pass If

pleaded it at first Also if the Plaintiff plead a Feoffment upon Condition to J. S. and that the Condition is broken and that thereupon he entred the Defendant may say that he released to J. S. after the Condition broken and then he enfeoffed him A Man pleads a Feoffment in Barr in Assize of the Plaintiff and the Plaintiff saith that he Let to him for Life and afterwards he made a Feoffment by which he entered the Tenant may well say that after the Lease and before the Feoffment the Plaintiff releas'd to him This is no Departure because that it is pursuant and yet it might have been said at first 1 E. 4. Quare Impedit against a Bishop he pleads that he claims nothing but as Ordinary and demands Judgment c. The Plaintiff replies that such a day he presented to him such a person whom he refused to which the Bishop rejoyns that the Church was void and shews how and that thereupon he collated by Laps Judgment c. This is no Departure 35 H. 6. In Assize the Defendant pleads a Lease of the Plaintiff for Years which is yet in being the Plaintiff shews the Alienation of the Tenant the Tenant saith that the Plaintiff released to him after the Lease This is a Departure by Marten 3 H. 6. Precipe quod reddat the Tenant pleads that J. S. was seized of the same Lands and that they were devised to him in Fee by Force whereof he entred and gives Colour c. The Plaintiff saith that J. S. was seized and that he died seized and that the Lands descended to him as Son and Heir and that he entred cum hoc that he will averr that the said J. S. was within the Age of 21 Years at the time of the Devise The Tenant rejoyns that the Custom is that every Infant of the Age of 15 Years may Devise and that he was of the Age of 15 Years at the time of the Devise The Court was of Opinion that it was a Departure 37 H. 6. In Assize the Tenant pleaded the Dying seized by Protestation of his Father The Plaintiff said that J. S. was seized and enfeoffed him and so seized c. To which the Tenant replied that his Father by Protestation died seized and that J. S. did abate and enfeoff the Plaintiff and that the Tenant as Heir to his Father entered and was seized by Fortescue This is no Departure because the Tenant hath maintained his Barr and hath only added new Matter to maintain it 37 H. 6. If a Man plead a Gift in Tayl in Barr and the Demandant reply ne dona pas if he shew a Recovery in Value it is no Departure In Assise the Tenant pleaded hors de son Fee the Plaintiff shewed that the Tenant held of him issint de son fee and the Defendant shewed a Release of all Right This is a Departure because this plea was a Barr 5 H. 7. In Formedon the Tenant pleaded ne dona pas the Demandant shewed a Recovery in Value issint dona The Tenant shall not plead a new Barr because that that would be a Departure quod nota 21 H. 6. Reg. 12. In all Pleadings where you claim as Legatee you must surmise the Consent of the Executor as cui quidem dimissioni idem J. S. consentivit After Verdict the Plaintiff dies viz. before the day in Bank in Error brought this is assigned for Error and the Plaintiff per Attornatum suum pleads that he was alive 't was tried and found that he was dead Argued by Mr. Allen That there was no Tryal proper for the Cause for that the Issue was joyned by a Stranger and that there ought to be a Scire Facias against the Executors or Administrators of the Plaintiff and that the Writ of Error is discontinued But per totam Curiam the Tryal is good and the Judgment revers'd for that Error in fait Mich 14 Car. 2. in B. R. Dove vers ' Dinkey Quare Impedit IN Quare Impedit to present by Turns to an Advowson in Gross Three Judges were of Opinion that the Commencement how it came presentable by turns must be shewed But two Judges were of a contrary Opinion Leek against Coventry 3 Cro. 111. A Viccarage and none presented to it for one hundred and sixty Years Resolved that all Viccarages are taken out of the Parsonage and are not remitted to them by Non-usage without some Act. Robinson against Beadle 3 Cro. 873. Quare Impedit by the King against A. he pleads that the King made a Lease for Years to J. S. and during the Term J. S. presented him c. And it was moved that he being Incumbent could not traverse the King's Title without making one for himself but shew that he came in by Usurpation during the Lease but in the Writ it was excepted that the Patron and Ordinary are not named but only the Incumbent which they ought to be in all Cases but that of Collation but because the Defendant shews that he came in during the Term in which Term the King could have no Right it was adjudged for the Defendant Regina versus Middleton vide Co. 7. rep 26 27. 25 H. 6. 62. a. 3 H. 4. 2 3 11. Writ against the Incumbent only adjudged ill and abated by 46 E. 3. vide 7 E. 3 11. 7 H. 4 26. Writ against the Incumbent only good 1 Leon. 44 45 46. vide 47. E. 3. 10 11. Quare Impedtt and Counts of an Advowson appendant that 't is become void and he presented J. S. The Defendant pleads that 't is in Gross and Let to him and that he presented J. S. absque hoc that 't is appendant the Traverse is good but where the Count is of an Advowson in gross c. and the Defendant pleads that 't is appendant there the Presentment is traversable not that it appendant For the Presentment makes it in gross Seignior Buckhurst against Epm. Winton 1 Leon. 154. In a Quare Impedit by Tenant for Life Exception was taken because he counted of a Presentment only in himself and laid not any in his Lessor but adjudged good For the Lessor may lay a Presentment on his Lessee therefore 't is good for the Lessee Palmes versus Epm. Peterborough 1 Leon. 230. Co. 5. rep 57. b. 3 Cro. 518. vid. M. 7 E. 4. pl. 22. con 8 H. 5. 4 Accord Quare Impedit against the Bishop and J. S. and Judgment they joyn in a Writ of Deceit and avoid the Judgment for Non Summons and of that a Writ of Error brought and assigned that they could not joyn and Adjourned Guilliams against Blower sed vide 3 Cro. 65. They joyn in a Writ of Error on a Judgment in a Quare Impedit 1 Leon. 293. One that had a Benefice was presented to another and then purchased a Dispensation it came too late and so the first was void and if that be such as that it avoids the last quaere Vnderhill against Savage 1

because he cannot have the next Avoidance and so is the second part of Croke 691. Shelley's Case and that if one grants a third Avoidance and the Woman recovers that in Dower the Grantee shall have the fourth Co. 1. Inst agrees with three Cro. grantee of proximam Advocationem cannot have the second where one is granted before Dy. 35. a. b. 1 Inst 378. b. 379. a. 3. Cro. 790. 791. One had the Nomination of a Church to an Abbot and the Abbot to present the Church being in the King's hands he presented without nominating the Party may have a Quare Impedit against the Incumbent without naming the King for it lies not against the King and he that had the Nomination had the Patronage Vide Mo. pl. 147. Vide 14. H. 4. 11. He that has the Nomination brings the Writ Quod permittat nominari the Writ abated for it should have been nominare 1 H. 5. 1. b. Dy. 48. a. 1 Cro. Daviston against Yates F. N. B. 33. b. 14 H. 4. 11. Two Parceners the younger in Ward the Guardian marries the eldest and presents in both their Names the Church voids again and whether the elder Sister shall present as in her Turn for the younger quaere Dy. 55. a. The Jury finds the Church full of a Stranger presented by one not party to the Writ and that ex officio yet good Dy. 77. a. Co. 6. rep 52. a. In Quare Impedit one made Title to a fourth part of the Church in Grosle and that he presented and shewed that others were seised of the other three parts as appendant to certain Mannors and they presented and their Clerk dyed and so it belongs to him to present Dy. 78. b. Quare Impedit by the King the Bishop makes Title to a Stranger and he permitted a Lapse then the ordinary presented the Clerk pleads that he is Parson Imparsonee of the Presentment in causa forma preallegata It seems that the Plea by the Bishop that he presented c. is good enough though indeed he collated but the Clerk's Plea is per totam Curiam uncertain and void for in causa preallegata cannot refer to any thing in his own Plea because nothing alledged and to the Ordinary in cannot because to the Ordinary he is a Stranger not a Servant p. 14. H. 7. Pl. 4. Tr. 15. H. 7. Pl. 12. Quare Impedit by a Corporation the Defendant pleads that they are incorporated by another name and demands Judgment so where the Plaintiff goes but to the Right by Fitzherbert 't is ill sans doubt p. 26. H. 8. Pl. 3. a. In Quare Impedit he counts of an Avoidance by Deprivation and shews not how it became void or for what cause and that assigned for Error for it might be for Simmony or some such Cause that gives a Title to the King sed non alloc ' and Judgment was affirmed Episcopus Glouc ' against Veake 3 Cro. 678. Quare Impedit the Bishop claims nothing but as Ordinary the Writ good if a Writ against him immediate quaere the Plaintiff says he presented A. whom he refused he says he presented to the Church because litig ' if a Departure semble 't is for he intended to have pleaded it at first Tr. 5. H. 7. Pl. 3. In a Quare Impedit the Plaintiff claims by a grant of a next Avoidance by A. the Defendant says that A. was Tenant in Tail held of D. by Knights Service and describes the manner whereto c. and then usurped upon the Description and dyed his Heir within Age and the Lord granted the Ward to him adjudged the Plea not double tho the Usurper had Writ Remitter which was one thing and though the Grantee of the Ward should have the first present against the Grantor of the next Avoidance which is no more than a Lease for years which the Guardian shall avoid for his time and he have it after the Ward comes of Age for with pleading both he could not shew his Title Tr. 5. H. 7. pl. 3. Quare impedit and makes Title as appendant and that A. as Ancestor presents B. c. the Defendant protests 't is not appendant says that he presented D. c. The Plaintiff says that at the time he presented D. it was in Lease to E. the Defendant rejoyns that before the Lease his Ancestor presented I. 't is a Departure for he might at first have laid the Presentment in I. p. 10. H. 7. pl. 6. Tr. 11. H. 7. pl. 15. p. 27. H. 8. pl. 11. Quare Impedit for the King the Defendant pleads the Statute 25 E. 3. 1. That the King shall not present to any living in Auter droit but such as fall in his own time and if he do the Court is not to hold plea Judgment Si Curia cognoscere vult per Thurning This is a plea to the Action not merely to the Jurisdiction For pleas for the Jurisdiction of one Court give Jurisdiction to another which this does not 11 H. 4. 8. a. Quare Impedit and Counts of an Advowson appendant and makes Title to a Gift in Tayl the Defendant pleads the Donee in Tayl was seized of it in Gross and granted per Curiam illam admit it once Appendant and not shew how it after came to be in Gross 44 E. 3. 15. b. Quare Impedit to present to a Church in Somersetshire the Defendant pleads that the Land whereto the Plaintiff supposed it to be reputed parcel of the Mannor of S. in Devonshire Issue of both Counties tryed it Bend ' 26. Release IF Money be due upon Recognizance and the Counsor pay part and the Counsee give him a Release if the Release mentions not the Recognizance it shall release so much as paid only For the Recognizance is entire and being destroyed in part is destroyed in the whole If a man be bound to pay an 100 l. to another on such a day and he tender the same at the day he is not bound to pay the same on any other day unless the Obligee will give him an Acquittance or Release Replevin IN a Replevin the Defendant avoyed to distrein for Rent Charge granted in Tayl the Plaintiff says that an Ancestor of the Defendant whose Heir he is was seized of the Lands discharged of the Rent and gave to him with Warranty No Assetts descended adjudged an illlegal plea First because he pleads Warranty from an Ancestor and shewed not what whether lineal or collateral Nor Secondly because he pleads that he was seized of the Lands discharged of c. and shewed not how viz. by Union or otherwise H. 21 H. 7. pl. 11. Replevin avows Damage feasant barr that the place where his Acre called A. whereof he is seized of 100 l. and has Common in the Residue after Verdict moved the Blank in the Declaration makes all uncertain quid resid ' est sed non alloc ' 't is found there is a Residue and be it what it will he

of a Recognizance entred by A. and B. returned Terre-tenants come in and plead that C. hath three Acres of A. Land not summoned c. whereof he was seized in Fee Issue that A. was not seized of three Acres Verdict find that he and E. were joyntly seized and infeoffed C. per Popham and Gaudy 't is against the Defendant for now though the moyety of these Lands are subject to the Extent yet upon the special Plea which is false for A. was not seized alone of them in Fee as the Plea alledges he cannot abate the Writ Fenner con ' Dame Needam against Buning Vide 3 Cro. 524. 52. Scire facias against two for Damages recovered in Assize by three one Defendant pleads that one of the Plaintiffs supposed by the Plaintiff to be dead at the time of the Scire Facias was alive and the other pleaded that one of the Plaintiffs now supposed alive is dead ill for they must joyn in Dilatories though objected they might have severed in their Pleas to the first Vide p. 26 H. 8. pl. 7. One imparls the other demands the view in a Precipe quod reddat quaere of that M. 7. H. 7. pl. 8. m. 10. H. 7. pl. 6. m. 12. H. 7. fo 3. Scire Facias to have Restitution of Money or Reversal of Judgment the Defendant pleads Payment not good against a Record without matter of Record or specialty and 't was long before it was agreed that levyed by the Sheriff in a Scire Facias was a good Plea but at last agreed because grounded on the Scire Facias which he cannot withstand Vrse against Harrison sed vide 2 Cro. 29. Ognel against Randal Per Popham bare payment without Writing is no Plea to barr an Execution by Fieri Facias of Scire Facias vide H. 4. 58. 59. In Debt on a Judgment leavyed Fieri Facias and paid to the Plaintiff no Plea because the Sheriff is to bring the Money into Court not to deliver it to the Plaintiff other if the Lands were extended by Elegit 1 Cro. 239. Scire Facias as Cousin and Heir to D. viz. Fitz A. c. Plea that I had no such Son good and he needs not shew who was the Plaintiff's Mother as if it had been pleaded the Plaintiff was not the Son of A. for then the Birth of A was confessed he must when he takes one Mother from him give him another but here the Birth of the Plaintiff is not at all mentioned admitted or granted Vide talem 11 H. 456. b. 74 75. H. 4. 38. 9. E. 3. 30. 31. Plea that he had no such Son not admitted but he for to plead whose Son he was 8 H. 4. 21. a. 9 E. 3. 30 31. Scire Facias on a Recovery against the Heir and Terre-tenants the Sheriff an Heir and four more Terre-tenants the Heir Nil dicit the other four plead that two of them are Joynt-Tenants of part with J. S. not named and resolved that the Joynt-tenancy is a good Plea in this Action but not for all but for that part wherein the Joynt-tenancy is but because all joyned where but two were Joynt-tennants the Plea was ill for all four Holland against Donitree c. 3 Cro. 739. Scire Facias on a Recognizance Defendant pleads an Acquittance Plantiff replies 't is razed in such and such material places and demands Judgment of the Writ per Curiam this being but a matter tryable by the Court is but a Plea in Abatement whereon a respond ' Ouster shall be and lies not peremptory sic de Margine dict in all In all our Books Matters tryable by the Court go only in Abatement and are not peremptory which seems must be intended either of matters of Fact or with some restraint for every Plea in Law is tryable by the Court 5 E. 3. 32 b. Scire Facias on a Judgment against an Executor he pleads a Judgment to J. S. of 100 l. another to himself of 100 l. and that he has but 100 l. to satisfie J. S. and says not ultra to satisfie himself ill for he may pay himself if he have not ultra to pay J. S. and himself he is not bound to pay the Plaintiff Feltham against Executors of Tourston Tr. 8. Car. 2. in Scaccario In Scire Facias on a Recognizance for the Plaintiff 't is sufficient to assign breach that he beat one contra Pacem without saying vi armis aliter in Battery Hutchins against Perryman M. 14. Jac. B. R. 3. Bulstr ' 220. In Scire Facias of a Judgment against an Executor he pleads Plene administravit Jour de brief ill for he might have paid Bonds before so should he have pleaded Riens tempore mortis nec unquam postea but the Plaintiff taking Issue waved the benefit of the ill Plea Harcourt against Wrenham Mo. pl. 11. 78. Sheriff Bailiff c. ALattitat was delivered to the Under-Sheriff to be executed the Defendant being in Company with the Under-Sheriff and the Under-Sheriff lets the Defendant go and returns non est invent ' Whereupon the Plaintiff brings his Action of the Case against the Under-Sheriff setting forth the whole Frand and Falseness of the Under-Sheriff and Judgment by default But upon Motion in Court in Arrest of Judgment the Action did not lye for the Sheriff is the person alone to answer in Court for all Misdemeanors of the Under-Sheriff and Bailiffs Upon a Fieri Facias if the Sheriff return that he hath levyed the Money and do not pay it to the Plaintiff at the Return of the Writ the Plaintiff may have a Scire Facias against the Sheriff to shew cause wherefore the Sum levyed should not be levied of the Goods of the Sheriff The Sheriff cannot break open any man's House or Close upon a Fieri Facias executing and much less the Landlord shall not break open doors to distrein for Rent but where the King is concern'd as upon an Utlary there the Sheriff may justifie the breaking open the doors if he be resited but he must acquaint them in the House with the Cause of his coming before he force them open If a man be in the hands of the Under-Sheriff in Execution for Debt and the Debtee tell the Sheriff that the Prisoner hath satisfied him if the Sheriff release not the Prisoner it is false Imprisonment A Bailiff having a Warrant to attach the Goods of a Person to answer at the Cou●ty Court doth attach the Goods acc●rdingly and after delivers them to the Defendant and takes Bond of him to appear at the day or redeliver the Goods to the Bailiff this is not within the Statute of 23 H. 6. A Bailiff of a Liberty cannot execute a Capias Vtlegatum and if the party be in the hands of the Bailiff the Sheriff may take him for it is a Non Omittas in it self Per Curiam Hill 13. Ja. in C. B. Observations upon the Statute of 29 Car. 2. Regis for prevention of

Frauds and Perjuries 1. BY this Act it appears That if a Feoffment be made and Livery and Seisin duly executed although it were before many credible Witness as formerly the Law was yet unless it be put into Writing nothing shall pass thereby but an Estate at Will and in like manner all leases made by word for any longer time than three years or other Estates made or created without Writing are subject to the same Rule that is shall be only Estate at Will that are so made by Words without Writing after the 24 th of June 1677. 2. After the said 24 th of June 1677. No Executor or Administrator shall be charged with any special Promise to answer Damages out of their own Estates but only in Relation to the Testator having Assetts in their hands and that no other person shall be charged with any special promise to pay the Debt of another man or answer for the Default of any other or upon any Agreement of Marriage or for any Agreement for Lands or for any other commodity or thing not to be performed within one Year after the making of any such Agreement unless the same Promise Bargain or Agreement be set down in Writing and signed by the party to be charged therewith or by some other person lawfully authorised by him so to do 3. All Wills and Bequests of Lands Tenements c. after the said 24 th day of June 1677. shall be put into writing and subscribed by the Testator or some person else in his Presence and by his express Directions and attested and subscribed in the presence of three or four Witnesses other wise all such Gifts to be void all such Devises so made and subscribed by the Testatoror his Directions as aforesaid shall be good and stand eff●ctual in the Law unless the Testator shall at any time cancell the Will or alter it by a subsequent Will 4. All Trusts shall be in Writing and signed by the Party declaring the Trust else to be void except such Trusts as arise by Implication of Law and Lands in Trust for the use of others shall be chargeable with the Judgment and lyable to the Execution sued out against Cestuque use 5. Aman seized of one Estate pur autre vie may devise the same by Will in manner afo●esaid and no such devise shall descend to the Heir that so died seized as Lands in Fee-simple should do and such Heir shall be chargeable therewith as a special Occupant and in case of no such special Occupancy then shall the Land descend to the Executors and Administrators 6. From and after the said day every Judgment shall be signed with the day of the Month and the Year in which such Judgment was Signed and the day of the Month and Year are to be entred on the Margin of the Plea-Role and they shall be accounted Judgments but from that day wherein they were so signed and not from the first day of the Term as formerly was used the like Rule for Recognizances 7. No Writ of Fieri facias or Writ of Execution shall after the property of Goods but from the day the Writ was delivered to the Sheriss to execute which day and year the Sheriff is to endo●se on the back-side of the Writ 8. No Bargain of Goods above the value of ten pounds shall stand good unless the Buyer take part of the Goods so sold into his Possession or give something in Earnest or that some Note or Memorandum be made thereof in Writing 9. No nuncupative Will whereby an Estate is bequeathed above the value of thirty pounds shall be good unless it shall be proved by three Witnesses at the least nor unless the Testator did bid the parties present bear witness that so was his Will or to such like effect nor unless such a Will was made in the time of the Testator's last Sickness and in his place of Habitation and unless he was surprised and taken sick from Home and that no Testimony shall be received to prove such Will after six Months unless the Testamentory Words were committed to Writing within six Days after the making of such Will 10. No words unless they are committed to Writing and read to the Testator and allowed by him and proved by three Witnesses to be his Will shall alter any Will in Writing concerning any Goods or Chattels or any Device or Bequest therein Trespass IF my Servant without my knowledge puts Beasts into another mans Ground the Servant is Trespasser and not the Master If a man beat my Servant I may have Trespass and my Servant another Action of Trespass diversis respectibus It is good to lay the Action some day after the Trespass committed yet it is not material or traversable if be laid before For it 's but a Circumstance As Trespass done the Fourth of May the Plaintiff alledgeth the First of May it 's sufficient if upon Evidence it be proved that the Trespass was done before the Action brought A Master is punishable for his Servant if he be about his Masters Business An Abbot for his Monk a Captain for his Souldier an Host for his Guess So a Sheriff for his Under-Sheriff and Bayliffs But a Master shall not be Punnished for Trespass of Battery or Entry into Lands or Felony or Murder or such like done by the Servant unless done by his Command If a Servant keeps his Master's Fire so negligent that it burns his Master's and the Neigbours House the Master is chargeable therewith A man is chargable with the Faults of his Family or of his Beasts If a Ship is perishing and the Marriners cast the Goods to save them on the Land next adjoyning yet this is Trespass and punishable by him that holds the Land A Servant may justifie the beating of another in Defence of his Master A Man shall not have his Action of Trespass for Threatning and recover Damage as well as in Assault and Battery The Law does not allow any man to strike in Revenge of Ill words and the reason is because there is no proportion between Words and Blows but he that is struck may strike again In Trespass he that consents and gives aid to the committing of Trespass is a Principal and no Accessary to the same Trespass If Tenant at Will commits voluntarily Waste Trespass lies against him notwithstanding his Possession so that if I deliver my Sheep to another to Fold or Dung his Land or a Horse to Ride or Oxen to Plow his Land If the Bailiff spoil or kill them I have an Action of Trespass against him notwithstanding the Delivery of them or Trover at his Election If a Man desseize me of my Land or dispossess me of my Goods yet I may enter upon the Land or take my Goods although I release to the party Disseizer or Trespasser all Actions yet this Release shall not Bar my Right No Trespass can be excused by Law but it may be justified as upon son assault demesne or

he had his possession excused him Scable against Avery 1 Cro. 69. In Trespass Quare clausum fregit in Dale the Defendant justifies in Sale absque hoc that he is Guilty in Dale It seemed to be an ill plea amounting but to the General Issue but Fitz-herbert douts because Dale and Sale may be adjoyning and it may be doubtful in which the Close lies Dyer 19. a. In Trespass in several things in a Park the Defendant made several Justifications and pleaded that quidam J. S. granted c. quidam J. S. granted c. and so began every plea with quidam J. S. which shall be intended several men and it all being about one Office 't is ill for several men could not severally grant him it 3 Cro. 401. quidam J. S. intended the same person that it was mentioned before And so Sti. 329. and 18 E. 3 49 b. and Brid 100. Hat 84. quidam found by Special Verdict doubted if good In Trespass the Defendant pleads a special plea and justifies the Plaintiff replies de Injuria sua propria but did not Traverse absque tali Causa Issue and Verdict for the Plaintiff Judgment staid and Repleader awarded For here is no Negative but an Affirmative of the first Declaration but no denying the Defendant's plea by the Impa ' Jennings versus Lee M. 24. Ca. 1. B. R. Sti. 150 151. In Trespass the Defendant justifies his Entry by Vertue of a Lease for Years and adjudged no good plea amounting but to the General Issue Jaynes Case 1651. in B. R. so 2 Cro. in Trover the Defendant pleads Sale in Market Overt not good in Trover The Defendant pleads that A. was possessed of Goods and sold them to the Defendant and retained them in his Hands and sold them to the Plaintiff and they cme to the Defendant's Hands and he converted ill amounting but to the General Issue and leave no Color for the Plaintiff's Action whereupon a Writ of Enquiry was awarded and not ruled for that the Defendant pleaded Not Guilty Sti. 355. 2 Cro. 165 319. Hob. 187. 1 Cro. 112. 2 Cro. 146 147. 169 435 532. 555. In Trespass the Defendant pleads the Statute of Limittions the Plaintiff replied that he sued an Original within six Years Et hoc pet ' quod c. an ill Conclusion For thereupon he lies upon the Defendant and binds him to an Issue which he cannot pass over but he should have ordered his Plea Et hoc paratus c. Whitehead versus Buckland Hill 1651. B. R. Sti. 401 402. Yel 138. Trespass for taking and Imprisoning him such a day the Defendant justifies by Warrant on a Capias ad Satisfaciend ' the Plaintiff shews that after the Writ issued and before executed he paid the Money to the Sheriff who gave him a Supersedeas to all Bayliffs c. and the Defendant Arrested him whereupon he shewed him the Supersedeas ●ho yet detained him an Hour The Defendant says he was not Letter'd and took that time to advise Whereon 't is demurred and adjudged for the Defendant not on the Matter in Law but the plea for the Declaration charges him with a taking and imprisoning and the Replication with a detaining only so a Departure Stringer against Fanlake 3 Cro. 404. Trespass for breaking two Gates and three Pearches of Hedging the Defendant prescribes to go in Preambulation that way in Easter Week and given the Plaintiff two Gates and three Pearches of hedging he broke them and upon Demurrer adjudged the Plea ill because he says not praedictas and the two Gates and the three Pearches may be other than those laid in the Declaration Gooday against Mitchel 2 Cro. 441. In Trespass against several that entred to take the Corn whereto one of them had Right upon the Determination of a Lease depending on a Lease for Life ended the Defendant pleads Not Guilty and all the matter found specially though their Entry were lawful as in the Right of one yet it being by a License in Law which must have been pleaded and is not to be given ●● Evidence or by a special Verdict for that Cause Judgment was against them for their entring though against the Plaintiff as to the taking the Corn. Sir Henry Knivet against Powle c. 2 Cro. 463. 464. In Trespass the Defendant justifies Damage feasant the Paintiff made a new Assignment the Defendant justifies there for an Herriot the Plaintiff demurred supposing it a Departure but adjudged not for by the new Assignment the Barr is out of doors and that in the Replication is as of a new thing and could not be pleaded otherwise for it may be he took one on Damage feasant and the place mentioned in the Barr and another for an Herriot in the Replication Odyham against Smith 3 Cro. 589 590. Trespass for taking an Hide the Defendant justifies because the Mayor c. of London is seized of a House called Leaden-Hall and 't was there Damage feasant for he by c. The Plaintiff replies that Leaden-Hall is an ancient Market on Fridays and he bought it there and had it on his Back to carry away and though objected the Replication not good because he concludes not que est eadem c. because he varies from the manner of the Caption and by his Plea takes from the Plaintiff his Authority yet resoplved good without it agreeing with him in the time and place of the Caption Sawer against Wilkinson 3 Cro. 627 628. In Trepass one as Bailiff pleads quod presentat ' existit that such an one surcharged the Common and for that was amerced therefore distrained 't is good without saying in facto that he did surcharge the Common for he is to take notice of no more than what is done in Court Volleston against Alimond 3 Cro. 748. 386. com 1. Leon. 292. 2 Cro. 582. Trespass for taking two Hides the Defendant justifies for a Distress the Plaintiff replyed that he tanned them the Defendant rejoyned they could not keep else he did it to save them ill and a Departure Duncomb against Reeve and Green 2 Cro. 783. Trespass the Defendant pleads that he is Clericus seisitus de Rectoria in Jure Ecclesiae and prescribes that he and all his Predecessors Parsons of that Church have had a way and so he says not that he was Parson and so it was objected he had not enabled himself to make a Prescription yet saying he is seized Jure Ecclesiae it tant ' amounts and is good Dom. Sandr against Pender 3 Cro. 8. 98. In Trespass the Defendant justifies because per quandam Indenturam A. bargain'd and sold Land habend ' to B. the Plea ill because not said in the Premises to whom he being c. but 't is the habend ' and the Granter and Grantee must be named in the Premises but because the Plaintiff replyed Quod bene verum that A. granted to B. that is a Confession to whom the Grant was and mends it

Bustard against Collyer 3 Cro. 899. Trespass the Defendant prescribes for Estovers at all times except fawning times the Plaintiff made an ill Replication the Defendant demurrs though the Bar was ill the Defendant not shewing that at the time that he cut c. was not fawning time yet he having demurred on the Plaintiff's Replication the Court would not to the Bar but no Judgment of the Plaintiff's ill Replication Russel against Booker 2 Leon. 209. 210. Trespass for Battery the Defendant justifies Molliter manus imponendo in defence of the Possession of his House the Plaintiff replyes de Injuria sua absque c. Verdict for the Plaintiff and Judgment Replication good for the principal is the Battery Hall against Gerrard Latch 128. 3 Cr. 225. La●ch 221. 273. Trespass the Defendant pleads the Plaintiff is a Recusant convict whom the Statute 3 Jac. 5. makes excom ' Judgment de billa because it wants Et hoc paratus c. per Recordum also the Conclusion is unapt for the Plea for the Plea is in Disability the Conclusion is barr but it seems the Conclusion is but form and used by general Demurrer And vide the form of several Conclusions Inde si Cur ' vult cognoscere 2. Al' person ' sit serra respond ' 3. Al' briefe Judgment ate ' Br. 4. Al' accon ' del briefe 5. In barr ' Com' apprest Bracton de excepc ' and differ Quando le ple al' br ' of perempt ' quando neme If the pleading to the Writ be tryable and tryed per pais is peremptory to the Defendant other if Demurrer upon respond ' but if the Plea be tryable by Certificate of the Ordinary 't is never peremptory and if the Plea to the Writ be to the Action of the Writ it seems peremptory so Plea to the Action of the Writ and Conclusion to the Writ peremptory if demurred one pleaded to the Action of Avowry he shall not resort to plead in Abatement after Imparlance one pleads Outlawry in the Plaintiff allowed Dr. Cudman against Grendon Vide 40 E. 3. 9 pl. Abatement Avowry and Conclusion the barr Latch 177 178 179. Co. 11. rep 52 a. and 1 Cro. 117. Trespass the Defendant justifies as Executor the Plaintiff says that the Defendant was annulled upon Appeal to the Court of Rome and so not Executor if the Conclusion good diverse of opinion semble as well as where one pleads a Divorse in the Spiritual Court and so not his Wife M. 2. R. 3. fo 22. pl. 51. In Trespass for Misprision the Defendant pleads that Robery had been done and that he being a Watch-man and the Plaintiff coming through the Town in the Night he stopped him to see what he was doubted if not double for he might stop him generally either under Suspition or particularly as a Night-Walker being a Watchman H. 4. H. 7. pl. 2. Trespass against two Defendants they Justifie Et hoc paratus ut Justific ' exceptionis taken because it should have been Et hoc parat ' sunt 1 Cro. 413. 414. Trespass for taking his Apprentice Plea that the Plaintiff discharged him not good for he cannot be Apprentice but by Indenture and then he cannot be discharged but by Deed no more than one Covenant to build me an House in Covenant to plead a Discharge of the Building unless he plead it by Deed 21 H. 6. 31 32. Trespass Defendant pleads a Lease at Will made to him by Vertue whereof he entred and was possessed and held good without shewing of what Estate he was possessed Idem in pleading a Feoffment c. For it may be doubtful in Law as if made by an Infant c. Therefore more safe to plead the Matter and to omit the Conclusion how he was seized and leave it to the Court 35 H. 6 63. b. Trespass the Defendant pleads that the Plaintiff had nothing but in Common with J. S. c. per Cur ' he ought to shew how Tenant in Common viz. the Feoffment c. if of a Joynt Tenancy personar c. but not after the Plaintiff stands not on it but says he was sole seized and some thinks the Law is he pleaded a Tenancy in Common of the adverse side but if he had pleaded on his own side then I agree I must shew how 3 H. 6 56. Trespass for Fishing in his several Fishings the Defendant pleads 't is not Freehold and by some the plea is good till the Plaintiff make a particular Title to the Fishing Idem in Case of Warren but per Yel and not denied but not so for Common because when one demands Common it must be intended in alieno solo But when one demands Fishing or Warren it may be intended in his own Soyl And so for the Defendant to plead un ' Fr ' Tent ' a good plea prima Facie till the other makes a Title but per Fortescue with a Traverse of Fishing c. 't is good else not no Resolution vide Title Forrest per tout And Title Fishing per tout plus de cest ' matter and vide 21 H. 6. 21 b. and the Plaintiff makes Title 18 H. 6. 29 30. Trespass Quare lib ' Warr ' fregit et Cuniculos cepit the Defendant pleads that the Plaintiff was seized and let to A. he by Command of A. took the Conyes Judgment le sans Title Mre ' and after waves that and pleads ut auter Judgment si Acco ' per Danby on plea because the Warren passed not by the Lease of the Land and one may have Warren in his own Freehold Note he may plead Title under the Plaintiff himself and Note the General Issue and Note after he pleads the Freehold in a Stranger who let ut supra and that he by Command of A. c. absque hoc pt ' the Plaintiff has any Warren there Jenny that is doubt the Freehold in a Stranger and traverse of the Warren and thereon he Demurrs L. 5 E. 4 54. Trespass for cutting Trees Defendant makes Title to the Lord in Right of his Ward and that he cut prout sibi bene licuit Danby Chief Justice and the Conclusion ill For it appears waste and unlawful Marle mal Opinion ut mihi videtur 't is Lawful quoad the Plaintiff and good For before the Statute of Waste Lessor or Ward had no Remedy against the Lessee or Guardian by Trespass and now 't is punishable only by Waste not in Trespass but it may be an Estoppel in Waste therefore better to plead he cut them for a Repair prout sibi bene licuit L. 5 E. 4 64 89. b. Trespass for taking beating and impounding his Cow Defendant quoad ven ' vi armis and pleads Not Guilty and quoad the taking and impounding justifies for a Distress ill not answering the Beating Copeley against Piercy Trin. 19 Car. 6. B. R. Trespass for taking Cattel Defendant justifies Plaintiff replies and avoided it hoc c. unde petit Judicium si

to cut Beeches is wast Lopping Oak Ash or Elme or any thing to prejudice Trees is wast Making Charcoal of wood is wast Felling Timber to repair voluntary wast is double wast To dig for Gravel Stone c. is wast unless for Reparation of the house To suffer a Sea-wall or against a River to decay is wast To take Timber c. to make new Fences is wast Tenant cuts Trees for Repair and sells them though he buyes them again and employs them 't is wast Burning a house by Negligence or Mischance is wast 1 Inst 53. 40. E. 3. 15. b. Willows cut in view of the House is wast 40 E. 3. 25. b. So to cut Hasels in a Wood where there is no other Timber If one grants in his Leafe that Wast shall be redressed by Neihgbours and not by Plea yet he may bring an Action of Wast for the place wasted is not otherwise recoverable 1 Inst 53. a. If the Tenant repair houses before any Action of Wast be brought the Action of Wast is not maintainable but he must not plead Quòd non fecit vastum but the special matter 38 Ass 1 Reparation after the Writ brought not pending the Action seems no Plea 1 Inst 55. D. None shall have wast unless he had the immediate Inheritance yet an other may joyn with him against Tenant by the Curtesie with the surviving Partner Joyntenant for life with him that hath the Fee Where the Estate is determinable the Wast is general as Tail becomes Tail after possibility c. The Heir cannot have it of Wast in his Ancestors time nor a Bishop of his Predecessor nor shall Executors be punished for Testators wast Aunt and Neece may joyn 45 E. 3. 8. b. Gift to two and the Heirs of one he that hath Fee cannot have Wast against his Joyntenant but his heir may if wast after if the other survive if the Reversion be not continued in the same it was at the time of the wast done the Action is gone though taken back again 1 Inst 53. D. Wast lyes against Tenant by the Curtesie and in Dower though they have assigned unless the Reversioner have assigned also All others shall answer for their own wast unless Guardians And if the Guardian assign it lyes against the Assignee Guardian shall not answer wast by an other because 't is poenal unless he is Joynt-Guardian If one recovers against him under Age he recovers the Land else only Damages Infants Feme coverts c. shall answer Wast c. done by Strangers and she for her Husband Co. 1. Inst 53 b. 54. a. Husband Tenant for Life in his Wives Right does wast she dyes 't is dispunishable but if tenant for years in her Right not because the marriage is a Gift of it to him Tenant for Life grants his Estate on Condition Grantee does wast Grantor ent●rs Wast lyes against the Grantee and the place shall be recovered Lord not punishable for wast done by his Villein before Entry Occupant punishable generally or specially Tenant afsigns and takes the Profits wast lyes against the Tenant Wast done sparsim in Woods or Houses all is to be recovered No Action of wast lyes against Guardian in Socage but Trespass or Account 3 Cro. 357. If Lessee take Trees c. to repair houses 't is not wast though he was not bound to repair them as his Lessor covenanted to repair them for if it was sans Impeachment of wast for the houses as the house was ruinous at his Entry and this for that Favour the Law gives to houses of Habitation Co. 1. Inst 54. b. a. Dyer 194. 198. b. Brook 463. Tit. Wast Lease of lands he may dig in open Mines and if it were of lands and mines if any were not open he can open none new but if none were then open he may open new ones Co. 1. Inst 54. b. 5 R. 1. 2. Tenant for Life makes Feoffment wast is done 't was upon Condition Lessee enters for Condition broken Lessor shall have wast So Successor of a Bishop shall have Wast on his Predecessors Lease for wast done in time of Vacation So if Lessee for Life be disseised and wast done if he enters he shall be charge able for the rest yet in none of these cases had the Lessor any Reversion in him at the time of the wast as regularly he ought but these cases stand upon their particular Reasons 1 Inst 13. b. The Aunt and Neece joyn in Action of Wast done in the old Sisters Life the Aunt alone recovers the damages Co. 1. Inst 233. b. Tenant for Life makes a Lease for years and enters upon his Lessee and consents to a Recovery in Wast against him the Lessee for years shall be for ever excluded for of necessity the place wasted must be recovered but if he had granted a Rent charge and committed Wast and the land recovered the Rent had continued Co. 1. Inst 233. b. Perkins 844. Tenant for Life does wast and grants over his Estate Lessor releaseth all wast to the Grantee it shall discharge the Lessee Idem of Tenant in Dower or by the Curtesie for besides the Privity that endures if the Lessor should maintain his Action he should recover Locum vastatum against the Grantee contrary to his own Release Co. 1. Inst 269. b. Lessee does wast and then surrenders 't is said the Lessor shall maitain wast but the Book seems to be misprinted and that it should be shall not maintain c. for by his own Act he hath determined his Action in part Co. 1. Inst 285. 5 Rep. 12. b. Wast brought against Tenant pur auter vie in Ass he dyes pending the Writ it shall not abate but proceed for the damages because altered by Act in Law but if Baron and Feme Tenants in Tail special bring Wast and she dies without Issue pendente brevi so as the Husband becomes Tenant in Tail apres possibility d'issue extinct it shall abate because all wast must be ad exheredationem And note that Release of actions real bar wast and so doth Actions personal for he shall not apportion his own Action Co. 1. Inst 285. a. One devises Lands by the general words Bosc ' Maherem ' Miner ' Carbon ' in tam amplis modo forma as the Lessee habuit or habere potuit the Lessee opens a Mine and cuts Trees to use about it the cutting is wast for the Trees were not granted it being a Lease nor do they pass as incident to the Mine it not being open And Hobard holds that if the Mine had been open at the time of the Lease it had been wast Hobard 234. Darcy against Ashwich Hutton 190. 191. Lessee cannot change the nature of the thing devised and therefore not turn Meadow into Arrable or Wood into Pasture dry up an ancient Poole suffer a Park pale to decay destroy a stock of Deer Fish c. but may better a thing in the same kind and therefore may

dig to make a drayne in a Meadow Ibidem Owen 66. 67. Hutt 103. Dy. 37. a. Co. 1. Inst 53. 2 Leon. 174. Lessee builds a new house 't is wast to suffer it to decay not if the Lessor builds it after the Devise Ibidem Co. 1. Inst 35. s. Hutt 103. Whether Tenant by the Curtefie were punishable for wast by the Common Law Or not Vide Co. 2. Instit 299. 145. The first Statute that gave prohibition of wast and damages against Farmers was Marlbcap● 23. And where the Statute says vastum c. non facient 't is to be understood also non permittent vastum and so 't is in the Condition of a Lease Co. 2. Inst 145. None can claim to be dispunishable of wast in a particular Estate but by deed because 't is the Lessor's disherison Co. 2. Inst 146. Dy● 281. a. Lessee of a Mannor commits wast in a Tenement escheated the Lessor shall declare in wast of a Lease of the Tenement and maintain it by special Matter Co. 2. Inst 146. At the Common Law to prevent wast by Guardian Tenant in dower or by the Curtesie the Party might have a Prohibion to the Sheriff and by that he might have a posse Comitatus and so it may be done at this day And such Remedy as is against them at the Common Law is against Farmers c. by Marlb ca. 23. Co. 2. Inst 299. Vide Stat. 10 R. 2. c 14. If a Lease be made to A. for his own life Remainder to him for the life of B. or where a Remainder for years is upon an Estate for life there if A. does wast it shall be punished because himself had both Estates and in the latter case the Remainder shall not destroy the Term for years Co. 1. Instit 54. 2. Inst 301. The Husband that holds in Right of his Wife Lessee for life does wast the Wife dyes the wast is not punishable because the Husband held not but in his Wife 's Right and the Estate was her's Clifton's Case ibidem Co. 5. Rep. 75. b. Although Tenant in Tail after possibility of Issue extinct be dispun of wast yet if he grant over his Estate it is punishable in the Assignee ibidem 302. Tenant by Statute Merchant Staple or Elegit though they have but a Chattel are not within the Statute of Glocester 1. 5. Executors shall be punished for wast done in their own time not in the Testators He that holds a third or fourth part pro indiviso is within the Act. Tenant for years assigns upon Condition the Assignee does wast and he enters for that Condition the Action must be against the Assignee Ibidem Tenant for Years or Life assigns and takes the profits and does wast the Action lyes against the pernor of the profits by 11 H. 6. c. 5 Co. 5. Rep. Booth's Case 77. Tenant assigns the Term except the Trees Wast is done in the Trees the Action lyes against the Assignee Co. 5. Rep. Saunder's Case Lessee commits Wast and then assigns Wast in the Tenant shall be maintained against the Lessee and the place wasted and treble Damages shall be recovered against him Non Tenure general is no Plea in Wast but special non Tenure is Assignment and no Wast done before the Assignment or Wast done by the King's Enemies or Tempest or Lightning is not punishable Co. 2. Inst 302. 303. The Tenant shall answer for permissive Wast unless in such case where he could not prevent the Wast as where he is ousted by Cotssee of a Statute entred into before his Lease and that Cotssee does wast or by any precedent Title ibid. 303. Feme Tenant in Dower of a Mannor and Copy hold commits Wast the Action lies against the Tenant in Dower Ibid. 303. Femes Coverts and Infants shall answer for Wast done by Strangers though some have held the contrary and so shall the Wife for wast done by the Husband for Lease made to them for Life if she agree to the Estate Ibid. 303. Where the Wast is done Sparsim in houses Woods or Meadow there the whole shall be recovered ibid. 304. One may have an Action of Wast in the Tenct after the Term is determined by Expiration Death or the Act or Wrong of the Tenant and theresore if the Term end hanging the Writ it shall not abate because maintainable for the damages but if the Tenant surrender after the Wast done no Writ is maintainable for the Lessor cannot by his own Act alter the form of the Action Ibid. 304. The Heir cannot maintain an Action for Wast done to the Ancestor because the damage belongs not to him yet if two parceners be and wast is done and one of them dyes and wast is done again one Action shall be maintained for both and the Writ shall say both Wastes were to both their Disherison but the Judgment shall be for the place wasted to them both and for the damages severally in their several Tenures Ibid. 305. Guardian shall not be punished for Wast done by Strangers unless it be such as he might have prevented and would not for then qui non prohibet jubet ibidem 305. If the Gnardian commit Wast he shall by Gloue ' Ca. 5. lose the Wardship and single Damage and if it be done so near his Age as he could not bring his Action of Wast or had not notice of it then he shall recover treble damages upon the said Statute as a common person shall Ibidem 306. Wast upon the Stat. of Glouc ' Ca. 5. lyeth not in Ancient Demesne because they cannot award a Writ to the Sheriff to inquire Ibid. 306. Owen 24. contra In an Action of Wast by two in the Tenuit if one relinguisheth it barrs both not so of an Action in the Tenet Ibid. 307. A. has B. and C. in his Wardship Ratione Custodiae and commits Wast in the Lands of B. yet he shall not lose the Wardship of C. because the Wast was not to his Disherison Ibid. 306. At the Common Law there lay an Estrepement after Judgment Glouc. c. 13. gives it Pendente placito and may be sued out with the Original If the Tenant alien pendent the Plea the Estrepement may be against him and his Alienee and the Defendant shall not have his Age in it And tho the Statute says Du Tenement in demand yet in the Scire Facias to execute a Fine in a Quid juris clamat or in Wast an Estrepement may be had yet no Land is demanded in the Writ Upon the Statute the party shall recover damages after delivery of the Lands Co. 5. Rep. 114. b. It lyes before or after Judgment in Wast and the Sheriff may take the Posse Comitatus to prevent the Wast Co. 2. Inst 328. 329. In Wast the Process is Summons Attachment Distress and then upon default a Writ ad Inquirend ' and the Sheriff by the Statute is to go in Person and with the Jury view every place in every

Copy-holders ought to alledge Customs ibid. Of alledging Customs in particular places p. 79. In what manner Customs shall be pleaded ib. Of Prescription by Parishoners ib. 80. Custom of England concerning Inn-keepers ib. Of Tithes ibid. No Prescription of Lands makes a Right but of Rents or Profits it doth p. 81. Women may prescribe to be endowed of a moiety of the Lands of her Husband but not of the Rent ibid. Gavelkind Lands shall escheat if the Father abjure or be outlawed for Felony ibid. Every Custom against Common Law shall be taken strickly ibid. Debt SEE variety of Pleading in Debt from 81. to 104. Detinue Inter-pleader in Detinue p. 104. Vpon general Issue in Detinue that which would make a special Barr cannot be given in Evidence or if found by the Jury is it material p. 105. Detinue will lye of Chartres not specially and particularly named what they are ibid. Improper words in Detinue adjudged good enough after Verdict Disclaimers and Discontinuances of Actions Action of Covenant discontinued after Judgment and Writ of Inquiry by Rule of Court p. 106. Action of Tresp in three Towns and mentions but two Towns where it was committed the whole is discontinued ibid. So in Debt for that the Writ was 10. l. 6. s. 8. d. and the Declaration but 10. l. ib. So if the Declaration be of several things and it be discontinued as to one it shall be discontinued as to all ibid. Debt brought against two Joyntly and Severally bound it being discontinued against one did abate against both ibid. In what Cases where two Persons bring their Action the Non-suit of one shall not be the Non-suit of them both è contra p. 107. If after Verdict for the Avowant in Replevin the Plea be discontinued and he sues a Scire Facias the Plaintiff may plead a Release of the Avowant after Verdict of all Actions or other matter to discharge himself ibid. Trespass Defendant pleads two Pleas Plt ' demurrs to one and doth not plead over to the other it is a discontinuance ibid. In Pr. quod reddat if the Tenant disclaims the Judgment shall be that the Demandant nihil capiat per breve p. 108. Writ of Inquiry awarded upon Disclaimer in Replevin ibid. No man can disclaim against a Termor ib. Husband and Wife cannot disclaim in Avowry ibid. In Replevin the Defendant avows upon the Plaintiff and he disclaims to it he shall not be received 109. He that is in of his own Wrong shall not disclaim in a Writ of Entry in le quibus ib. Distress If Houshold Goods be Distrained they ought to be preserved in an House from the Injury of the Weather but if put in an open place where they are spoiled the Distrainor shall not answer for them ibid. If an Horse Distrain'd happen to strangle himself the Distrainor shall be punished in an Action of Trespass ibid. A man shall not milk a Cow he hath distrained without the Owners Consent and if the Cow perish for want of Milking he may distrain again and so be at no Damage ibid. 110 112. Sheriffs Officer cannot justifie breaking open Doors to distrain for the King 's Rent much less a Landlord's ibid. Things distrained shall not be used because but Pledges in Law ibid. Distress not to be driven out of the Hundred or to a Pound above three Miles or to several Pounds or out of the County No Man shall distrain in the High-way nor drive Distress into a Castle or Hold ib. The Tenant shall not disturb the Landlord in taking his Distress or hinder him of the Lawful Means to come by his Rent ib. Distress of a Strangers Goods for the Tenants Rent unlawful ibid. Owner must bring Replevin not break the Pound tho' the Distress be unlawful p. 112. Where Limitation of Distress void ibid. Error WHere the Plaintiff in the Action may sue out a Scire Facias against the Executors or Administrators of the Plaintiff in the Writ of Error p. 113. After Writ of Error allowed Execution upon the former Judgment shall not be awarded and why ibid. Where there is Fine and Recovery of Lands and Error in them both a Writ of Error cannot be brought first upon the Fine but upon the Recovery ibid. In what case a Fine shall barr a Writt of Error brought of a Recovery p. 114. Execution Action lies not against the Sheriff for Escape of a Prisoner in Execution in the time of his Predecessor ibid. Sheriff may not break open Doors to execute Fieri Facias p. 115. Ca. sa against Principal return'd non est invent ' then Sci. Fa. against Sureties before the Return whereof the Principal Surrenders his Body in Execution allowed per Cur ' ibid. Execution granted by the Court upon Motion after a Writ of Error brought because the Retorn was too long ibid. Estoppels and Conclusions He who claims nothing by him that was estopped shall not be estopped by his Act. Where he no Reversion or Remainder p. 115. claims nothing by Tenant for Life he shall not be estopped p. 116. If a Man pleads a Plea in which he confesseth a thing that is not material it shall not be an Estoppel p. 117. If a man plead a Record to Estop him that was privy he ought to shew what end the Action had p. 118. Where a Man hath Judgment to recover Land by that Judgment he shall be Estopped to claim any other Title than he hath by the Recovery ibid. Of some Estoppels none shall have Advantage but Parties or Privies 120. And of some every one shall have advantage ibid. Vser of Action no Estoppel to prejudice another ibid. In what case one shall estop another ibid. Where I am barred of Land the Estoppel shall pass with it but of other Lands it shall be no Estoppel against me ibid. None shall be received to plead an Estoppel against another but may be estopped by the same Plea and both must be Parties to the Record otherwise not p. 122. In what cases a Stranger shall take Advantage by an Estoppel p. 123. Fines and Recoveries SEveral Cases of Fines and Recoveries p. 125 126. Heir The manner of Suing an Heir upon a Bond entred into by his Ancestor p. 159. Outlawries PLeaded in Bar and Disability p. 161 163 165 175 177 181 196 197. Reversed for several causes p. 161 162 163 164 165 168 170 171 172 173 178 179 181. Partition TWo Tenants in Common of a Mannor before Partition one of them is said to have dimidium Manerii but after Partition medietatem Manerii and an Indictment of forceable Entry after Partition it shall be Medietas not Dimidium Manerii p. 183 Priviledge Lost by Chancery Clerk by suing out Supers ' in C. B. Parson Parsonage becomes void by Acceptance of a Bishoprick p. 183. And Acceptance of a second Benefice makes the first void p. 184. Tith of things proceeding from the Earth as Corn Hay c. shall be severed upon the Ground but secus of Sheep