this_o letter_n i_o now_o mention_v be_v write_v to_o the_o pope_n which_o transaction_n i_o shall_v give_v you_o almost_o verbatim_o out_o of_o mat._n of_o westminster_n and_o henry_n de_fw-fr keyghton_n in_o anno_fw-la 1297._o be_v the_o 26_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o when_o the_o king_n have_v extort_a a_o great_a sum_n of_o money_n from_o the_o clergy_n and_o people_n contrary_a to_o law_n and_o be_v then_o go_v into_o flanders_n he_o call_v a_o parliament_n at_o westminster_n where_o most_o of_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n refuse_v to_o appear_v until_o such_o time_n as_o their_o petition_n for_o the_o ease_n of_o their_o country_n be_v hear_v and_o that_o the_o king_n will_v again_o confirm_v magna_fw-la charta_fw-la yet_o nevertheless_o the_o king_n upon_o his_o confession_n of_o his_o male_a administration_n which_o he_o make_v before_o all_o the_o people_n with_o tear_n in_o his_o eye_n and_o promise_v of_o amendment_n then_o obtain_v of_o the_o commons_o a_o aid_n of_o the_o eight_o penny_n of_o their_o good_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o king_n be_v go_v over_o the_o constable_n and_o earl_n marshal_n with_o other_o earl_n and_o baron_n go_v to_o the_o exchequer_n and_o there_o forbid_v the_o judge_n to_o levy_v the_o say_a tax_n upon_o the_o people_n by_o the_o sheriff_n because_o it_o be_v do_v without_o their_o knowledge_n without_o who_o consent_n no_o tax_n ought_v to_o be_v exact_v or_o impose_v so_o that_o the_o say_v earl_n and_o baron_n be_v thus_o gather_v together_o and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o people_n join_v with_o they_o at_o last_o prince_n edw._n then_o lieutenant_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v force_v to_o call_v a_o parliament_n to_o which_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n come_v attend_v with_o great_a multitude_n both_o of_o horse_n and_o foot_n but_o will_v not_o enter_v the_o city_n of_o london_n till_o the_o prince_n have_v in_o his_o father_n name_n confirm_v the_o great_a charter_n and_o have_v pass_v the_o statute_n de_fw-fr tallagio_n non_fw-la concedendo_fw-la both_o which_o be_v afterward_o again_o confirm_v by_o the_o king_n his_o father_n some_o time_n after_o his_o return_n and_o this_o will_v serve_v to_o explain_v the_o last_o article_n in_o this_o statute_n which_o comprehend_v the_o king_n pardon_n or_o remission_n to_o humphrey_n earl_n of_o herâ—ford_n and_o essâ—x_n then_o constable_n and_o roger_n bigot_n earl_n of_o norfolk_n marshal_n of_o england_n the_o two_o principal_a leader_n in_o the_o late_a resistance_n with_o all_o other_o earl_n baron_n knight_n and_o esquire_n of_o their_o party_n all_o league_n and_o confederacy_n as_o also_o all_o rancour_n and_o ill-will_a with_o all_o other_o transgression_n against_o they_o &_o and_o pray_v see_v sir_n edward_n coke_n comment_n on_o these_o word_n 536._o you_o compare_v our_o english_a history_n with_o this_o act_n of_o parliament_n the_o old_a say_n shall_v be_v verify_v that_o record_n of_o parliament_n the_o true_a history_n the_o king_n have_v conceive_v a_o deep_a displeasure_n against_o the_o constable_n marshal_z and_o other_o of_o the_o nobility_n gentry_n and_o commons_o of_o the_o realm_n for_o deny_v that_o which_o he_o so_o much_o desire_v yet_o for_o that_o they_o stand_v in_o defence_n of_o their_o law_n liberty_n and_o free_a custom_n etc._n etc._n i_o suppose_v he_o refer_v to_o the_o resistance_n but_o now_o mention_v whereupon_o he_o do_v not_o only_o restore_v the_o same_o to_o they_o as_o aforesaid_a but_o grant_v special_a pardon_n to_o those_o against_o who_o he_o have_v conceive_v so_o heavy_a a_o displeasure_n etc._n etc._n and_o such_o a_o one_o as_o you_o will_v scarce_o read_v the_o like_a and_o after_o a_o short_a gloss_n upon_o the_o word_n rancour_n and_o ill-will_a he_o thus_o comment_v on_o these_o word_n etiam_fw-la transgressiones_fw-la si_fw-la qâ—as_fw-la fecâ—inâ—_n here_o the_o word_n si_fw-fr quaâ—_n sicâ—iâ—t_fw-la be_v add_v lest_o by_o acceptance_n of_o a_o pardon_n they_o shall_v confess_v they_o have_v transgress_v so_o careful_a be_v the_o lord_n and_o commons_o to_o preserve_v their_o ancient_a law_n liberty_n and_o custom_n of_o their_o country_n so_o that_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o sir_n edward_n coke_n then_o think_v the_o lord_n and_o commons_o have_v not_o transgress_v in_o thus_o stand_v up_o though_o with_o force_n of_o arm_n for_o their_o just_a right_n and_o liberty_n and_o which_o sufficient_o prove_v that_o this_o author_n do_v not_o conceive_v such_o a_o resistance_n to_o be_v make_v war_n against_o the_o king_n and_o so_o treason_n at_o that_o time_n at_o common_a law_n and_o consequent_o not_o to_o be_v afterward_o treason_n by_o the_o statute_n of_o 25_o of_o edward_n the_o three_o as_o you_o will_v have_v it_o since_o that_o statute_n dâ—es_v not_o make_v any_o other_o overtact_n to_o be_v treason_n but_o what_o have_v be_v so_o by_o common_a law_n before_o this_o statute_n be_v make_v but_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o this_o king_n son_n edward_n the_o second_o there_o be_v much_o more_o pregnant_a and_o fatal_a proof_n of_o the_o exercise_n of_o this_o right_n of_o resistance_n by_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o people_n of_o england_n against_o peirce_n gaveston_n who_o have_v be_v before_o for_o his_o misgovernment_n of_o the_o king_n banish_v the_o realm_n by_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o come_v over_o with_o the_o king_n licence_n but_o without_o any_o reverse_n of_o the_o say_a act_n thomas_n earl_n of_o lancaster_n the_o king_n uncle_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o commons_o of_o the_o land_n take_v up_o arm_n against_o he_o and_o though_o he_o raise_v some_o force_n by_o the_o king_n commission_n yet_o they_o fight_v with_o he_o and_o take_v he_o prisoner_n and_o behead_v he_o near_z warwick_z some_o year_n after_o which_o the_o say_a thomas_n earl_n of_o lancaster_n with_o humphrey_z de_fw-fr bohun_n earl_n of_o hereford_n together_o with_o divers_a other_o earl_n and_o baron_n take_v arm_n and_o spoil_v the_o land_n of_o the_o two_o spencer_n father_n and_o son_n come_v up_o to_o london_n where_o the_o king_n have_v call_v a_o parliament_n in_o which_o the_o king_n be_v force_v to_o banish_v the_o say_v spencer_n out_n of_o the_o kingdom_n though_o they_o quick_o return_v again_o against_o who_o when_o the_o say_v earl_n above_o mention_v and_o divers_a other_o baron_n and_o knight_n again_o take_v arm_n but_o be_v fail_v by_o some_o of_o their_o confederates_n be_v overpower_a by_o the_o king_n party_n and_o the_o earl_n be_v take_v prisoner_n be_v attaint_v and_o behead_v at_o portfract_a yet_o be_v the_o this_o judgement_n against_o the_o earl_n and_o those_o of_o his_o party_n afterward_o reverse_v in_o parliament_n in_o 1_o mo_z edward_n the_o three_o and_o their_o heir_n restore_v in_o blood_n as_o also_o to_o the_o land_n of_o their_o father_n as_o beside_o the_o act_n it_o still_o to_o be_v see_v upon_o the_o roll_n appear_v more_o plain_o by_o a_o writ_n of_o this_o king_n be_v recite_v 2._o that_o whereas_o at_o a_o parliament_n at_o westminster_n among_o other_o thing_n it_o be_v agree_v by_o the_o king_n the_o prelate_n earl_n baron_n and_o commons_o of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o all_o those_o who_o be_v in_o the_o quarrel_n with_o thomas_n e._n of_o lancaster_n against_o the_o spencer_n shall_v have_v their_o land_n and_o good_n restore_v because_o the_o say_a quarrel_n be_v find_v and_o adjudge_v by_o the_o king_n and_o the_o whole_a parliament_n to_o be_v good_a and_o just_a and_o that_o the_o judgement_n give_v against_o they_o be_v null_a and_o void_a and_o therefore_o command_v restitution_n of_o the_o land_n and_o tenement_n now_o in_o the_o crown_n to_o the_o executor_n of_o the_o say_a earl_n and_o the_o like_a writ_n be_v find_v for_o the_o other_o lord_n and_o gentleman_n that_o have_v be_v of_o his_o party_n and_o further_o that_o not_o only_o this_o resistance_n make_v by_o this_o earl_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o follower_n but_o also_o that_o which_o this_o king_n himself_o make_v together_o with_o queen_n isabel_n his_o mother_n against_o the_o misgovernment_n of_o the_o king_n his_o father_n through_o the_o evil_a counsel_n of_o the_o two_o spencer_n appear_v by_o the_o act_n of_o indemnity_n pass_v in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o this_o king_n in_o the_o preamble_n of_o which_o there_o be_v recite_v a_o short_a history_n of_o the_o wicked_a government_n and_o banishment_n of_o the_o spencer_n father_n and_o son_n and_o also_o how_o thomas_n late_a earl_n of_o lancaster_n be_v by_o their_o procurement_n pursue_v take_v execute_v disinherit_v and_o how_o the_o say_v spencer_n and_o robert_n baldock_n and_o edmund_n earl_n of_o arundel_n by_o the_o royal_a power_n they_o have_v usurp_v have_v cause_v the_o king_n that_o now_o be_v and_o the_o queen_n his_o mother_n to_o be_v utter_o forsake_v of_o the_o king_n
praesentibus_fw-la clero_fw-la &_o populo_fw-la cum_fw-la magnatibus_fw-la regionis_fw-la which_o pray_v let_v we_o put_v into_o english_a and_o see_v if_o it_o will_v not_o prove_v what_o i_o say_v viz._n the_o clergy_n and_o people_n be_v present_a with_o the_o great_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n now_o if_o the_o word_n magnate_v as_o you_o affirm_v do_v then_o comprehend_v all_o the_o baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la to_o what_o purpose_n be_v the_o word_n people_n put_v here_o as_o a_o distinct_a member_n of_o this_o parliament_n but_o to_o show_v you_o father_n that_o this_o word_n populus_fw-la be_v not_o always_o to_o be_v understand_v for_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o laic_n but_o lord_n and_o knight_n of_o shire_n 〈◊〉_d shall_v show_v you_o out_o of_o walsingham_n anno_fw-la 1297._o 24_o edw._n i._o where_o he_o mention_n a_o parliament_n hold_v at_o st._n edmundsbury_n in_o quo_fw-la a_o civitatibus_fw-la &_o burgis_fw-la concessa_fw-la est_fw-la regâ—_n octava_fw-la a_o populo_fw-la vero_fw-la reliquo_fw-la dvodecima_fw-la pars_fw-la bonorum_fw-la where_o by_o populus_fw-la 〈◊〉_d not_o only_o mean_v the_o peer_n but_o knight_n of_o shire_n or_o grands_fw-fr des_fw-fr 〈◊〉_d also_o m._n i_o be_o not_o prepare_v at_o present_a to_o answer_v all_o the_o query_n and_o difficulty_n that_o you_o can_v make_v or_o raise_v against_o the_o dr.'s_n argument_n yet_o i_o think_v i_o be_o able_a to_o give_v you_o a_o very_a satisfactory_a answer_n why_o all_o tenant_n in_o soccage_n shall_v be_v bounâ—_n by_o the_o act_n of_o those_o of_o who_o they_o hold_v their_o estate_n for_o since_o as_o i_o have_v a_o ready_a prove_v all_o the_o land_n in_o england_n except_o what_o belong_v to_o religious_a house_n be_v grant_v out_o by_o king_n william_n the_o conqueror_n to_o be_v hold_v in_o capite_fw-la by_o knight_n service_n and_o be_v again_o grant_v out_o by_o these_o head-tenant_n to_o their_o feudatory_a oâ—_n mesne_n tenant_n by_o the_o like_a service_n there_o be_v very_o few_o land_n grant_v in_o free_a soccage_n at_o the_o first_o and_o though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o in_o process_n of_o time_n maâ—_n of_o those_o estate_n and_o land_n become_v free_a tenement_n i._n or_o be_v hold_v in_o soccage_n that_o be_v be_v freehold_n yet_o the_o lord_n still_o retaiâ—_n the_o homage_n which_o in_o the_o time_n we_o speak_v of_o be_v no_o idle_a insignificant_a word_n and_o by_o that_o a_o dominion_n over_o the_o estate_n whereby_o upon_o disobedience_n treachery_n or_o injury_n do_v to_o the_o lord_n the_o land_n be_v forfeit_v to_o they_o and_o theâ—_n neither_o the_o land_n nor_o the_o tenant_n to_o they_o which_o be_v term_v freeholderâ—_n be_v subject_a to_o any_o base_a service_n or_o servile_a work_n yet_o the_o lord_n have_v still_o great_a power_n over_o these_o tenant_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o do_v homage_n to_o they_o 〈◊〉_d â—o_o nominè_fw-la their_o land_n be_v many_o way_n liable_a to_o forfeiture_n and_o therefore_o it_o waâ—_n but_o reason_n that_o the_o chief_a lord_n be_v tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la shall_v conclude_v that_o tenant_n in_o soccage_n also_o and_o both_o make_v law_n and_o give_v tax_n for_o they_o without_o their_o be_v at_o all_o privy_a to_o it_o but_o admit_v i_o grant_v that_o before_o 49th_o 〈◊〉_d there_o be_v in_o some_o sense_n commons_o in_o parliament_n though_o not_o as_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n choose_v by_o the_o common_a people_n as_o their_o representative_n yet_o 〈◊〉_d it_o not_o destroy_v i_o or_o the_o dr.'s_n assertion_n who_o in_o the_o introduction_n before_o the_o answer_n to_o mr._n p._n only_o affirm_v that_o before_o the_o 49th_o aforesaid_a the_o body_n of_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n or_o ordinary_a freeman_n as_o now_o understand_v or_o as_o we_o now_o call_v they_o collective_o take_v etc._n etc._n have_v any_o share_n or_o vote_n in_o make_v law_n unless_o as_o they_o be_v 〈◊〉_d present_v by_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la f._n 82._o be_v it_o so_o but_o i_o be_o sure_a in_o many_o place_n of_o the_o dr_n booâ—_n he_o absolute_o deny_v that_o there_o be_v any_o commons_o in_o parliament_n till_o the_o time_n he_o assign_v but_o as_o for_o what_o you_o allege_v in_o answer_n to_o my_o query_n how_o tenant_n in_o soccage_n can_v have_v law_n make_v for_o they_o and_o tax_n lay_v upon_o they_o 〈◊〉_d â—heir_a lord_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la your_o answer_n be_v whole_o ground_v upon_o mistake_n for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n king_n william_n do_v not_o grant_v all_o the_o land_n in_o england_n to_o be_v hold_v of_o he_o by_o knight_n service_n since_o as_o i_o shall_v prove_v hereafter_o there_o be_v many_o subordinate_a tenant_n to_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o other_o great_a lord_n who_o never_o forfeit_v their_o estate_n at_o all_o nor_o be_v disseize_v of_o they_o by_o your_o conqueror_n â—ad_a who_o have_v also_o great_a number_n of_o considerable_a freeholder_n under_o they_o as_o in_o 〈◊〉_d at_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o land_n be_v gavelkind_a which_o be_v soccage_n teâ—re_o in_o the_o next_o place_n neither_o be_v all_o the_o land_n he_o bestow_v upon_o his_o follower_n grant_v to_o be_v hold_v by_o knight_n service_n since_o you_o your_o seâ—f_n own_o that_o a_o great_a deal_n â—land_n be_v give_v by_o he_o to_o his_o inferior_a servant_n to_o be_v hold_v by_o petit_n serjeanty_n and_o beside_o this_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o other_o land_n be_v regranted_a by_o that_o king_n himself_o 〈◊〉_d some_o of_o those_o old_a proprietor_n who_o have_v be_v dispossess_v to_o be_v hold_v in_o soccage_n be_v appear_v from_o fleta_n 8._o who_o speak_v of_o these_o sort_n of_o man_n say_v express_o in_o 〈◊〉_d maneriis_fw-la seilicet_fw-la regis_fw-la erant_fw-la liberi_fw-la hemines_n labâ—ri_fw-la tenentes_fw-la quorum_fw-la quidaâ—i_fw-la 〈◊〉_d per_fw-la potentiores_fw-la a_o tenementis_fw-la fuerant_fw-la ejecti_fw-la eadem_fw-la post_fw-la modum_fw-la in_o villenagium_fw-la tenenâ—â—_fw-la resempserunt_fw-la &_o quia_fw-la hujusmodi_fw-la tenentes_fw-la cultores_fw-la regis_fw-la esse_fw-la dâ—gnoscuntur_fw-la provisa_fw-la 〈◊〉_d quiet_n ne_fw-la sectas_fw-la facerent_fw-la ad_fw-la comitatum_fw-la well_fw-mi hundredum_fw-la &c_n &c_n quorâ—m_fw-la â—â—gregationem_fw-la tunc_fw-la soccam_fw-la appellarent_fw-la hinc_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la sokemanni_n body_n dicunâ—â—_n etc._n etc._n where_o you_o may_v see_v that_o these_o socman_n or_o soccager_n be_v then_o create_v by_o a_o â—ew_a tenure_n from_o this_o king_n nor_o do_v all_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la grant_v their_o land_n â—o_o other_o to_o be_v hold_v by_o knight_n service_n since_o they_o as_o well_o as_o the_o king_n do_v at_o first_o 〈◊〉_d also_o in_o process_n of_o time_n grant_v land_n to_o the_o old_a english_a proprietor_n to_o be_v hold_v of_o â—â—em_n in_o soccage_n nor_o be_v homage_n the_o proper_a or_o only_a badge_n of_o soccage_n tenure_n but_o â—ealty_n unless_o the_o land_n have_v be_v hold_v by_o knight_n service_n at_o first_o as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o littleton_n 2d_o book_n sect._n 118._o nor_o do_v this_o soccage_n tenure_n give_v the_o lord_n any_o more_o right_a over_o his_o tenant_n estate_n to_o tax_v he_o de_fw-fr alto_fw-mi &_o bâ—sso_fw-la at_o his_o will_n by_o â—eason_n of_o the_o subjection_n he_o be_v in_o to_o the_o lord_n in_o respect_n of_o forfeiture_n since_o â—hen_o the_o king_n shall_v have_v have_v for_o the_o same_o reason_n the_o same_o right_n over_o all_o his_o 〈◊〉_d in_o capite_fw-la to_o tax_v they_o likewise_o at_o his_o pleasure_n and_o this_o right_n of_o forfeiâ—â—â—_n in_o case_n of_o felony_n or_o for_o want_n of_o heir_n continue_v to_o the_o lord_n as_o well_o of_o soccage_n tenant_n as_o other_o long_o after_o the_o time_n you_o assign_v for_o the_o come_n of_o the_o commons_o to_o parliament_n even_o to_o our_o own_o time_n and_o yet_o for_o all_o that_o those_o lord_n can_v not_o give_v tax_n for_o such_o tenant_n in_o soccage_n at_o their_o pleasure_n but_o that_o we_o may_v proceed_v pray_v consider_v also_o the_o form_n of_o the_o peace_n agree_v upon_o between_o the_o king_n the_o prince_n his_o son_n and_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n assemble_v in_o parliament_n to_o compose_v all_o difference_n between_o the_o king_n and_o the_o â—arons_n the_o title_n of_o which_o in_o the_o record_n be_v thus_o haec_fw-la est_fw-la forma_fw-la 〈◊〉_d a_o domino_fw-la rege_fw-la &_o domino_fw-la edwardo_n filio_fw-la svo_fw-la dorso_fw-la praelatis_fw-la &_o proceriâ—â—â—â—â—â—â—ibus_fw-la cum_fw-la communitate_fw-la totâ_fw-la regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la communitèr_fw-la &_o conâ—â—â—ditèr_fw-la approbata_fw-la which_o article_n be_v sign_v by_o the_o bishop_n of_o lincoln_n the_o bishop_n of_o ely_n earl_n of_o norfolk_n earl_n of_o oxon_n humphrey_n bohun_n william_n de_fw-fr monte_fw-fr canisio_n &_o majore_fw-la london_n in_o parliamento_fw-la london_n mensae_fw-la junii_fw-la anno_fw-la domini_fw-la 1264._o haec_fw-la autem_fw-la â—rimatio_fw-la facta_fw-la est_fw-la london_n de_fw-fr consensu_fw-la
of_o parliament_n and_o tax_v with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o often_o as_o there_o be_v law_n make_v and_o tax_n give_v when_o their_o bishop_n or_o earl_n be_v present_a which_o be_v not_o so_o for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n as_o for_o the_o county_n of_o chester_n if_o the_o earl_n have_v be_v the_o representative_a in_o parliament_n of_o his_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n or_o otherwise_o as_o also_o of_o all_o the_o abbey_n and_o the_o city_n of_o chester_n itself_o and_o all_o other_o great_a town_n in_o that_o county_n his_o vote_n in_o parliament_n will_v have_v oblige_v all_o of_o they_o and_o there_o will_v have_v be_v no_o need_n of_o a_o common_a council_n or_o parliament_n of_o the_o state_n of_o the_o whole_a county_n in_o which_o they_o then_o make_v law_n and_o tax_v themselves_o as_o a_o separate_a body_n from_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o may_v appear_v from_o these_o follow_a record_n which_o mr._n a._n have_v give_v we_o the_o first_o of_o which_o be_v a_o writ_n of_o k._n edw._n i._n 6._o direct_v archiepiscopis_fw-la episcopis_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la prioriâ—us_fw-la baronibus_fw-la militibus_fw-la &_o omnibus_fw-la â—liis_fw-la fidelibus_fw-la suis_fw-la in_o comitat._n câ—striae_fw-la recite_v that_o whereas_o the_o prelate_n count_n baron_n &_o alii_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la have_v give_v he_o a_o 15_o the_o of_o their_o movable_n he_o desire_v that_o they_o also_o will_v of_o their_o benevolence_n and_o courtesy_n in_o latin_a curialitate_fw-la grant_v he_o the_o like_a subsidy_n which_o note_n can_v not_o be_v do_v out_o of_o a_o common_a council_n so_o likewise_o in_o another_o writ_n of_o the_o 20_o the_o of_o this_o king_n recite_v that_o whereas_o the_o probi_fw-la homines_fw-la b._n &_o communitas_fw-la cestriae_fw-la sicut_fw-la caeteri_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la 15_o mam_n partem_fw-la omnium_fw-la mobilium_fw-la suorum_fw-la nobis_fw-la concesserunt_fw-la gratiose_fw-la now_o suppose_v as_o the_o doctor_n always_o do_v that_o these_o probi_fw-la homines_fw-la be_v the_o earl_n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la what_o can_v this_o word_n communitas_fw-la here_o signify_v but_o another_o sort_n of_o man_n distinct_a from_o they_o viz._n the_o communality_n or_o commons_o of_o that_o county_n and_o which_o be_v also_o remarkable_a this_o county_n be_v now_o fall_v to_o the_o crown_n for_o want_v of_o heir_n male_a of_o the_o last_o earl_n and_o so_o according_a to_o the_o doctor_n notion_n the_o king_n be_v their_o sole_a representative_a need_v not_o to_o have_v be_v behold_v to_o they_o for_o these_o subsidy_n since_o though_o not_o as_o king_n yet_o as_o earl_n of_o chester_n he_o may_v have_v tax_v they_o himself_o which_o yet_o he_o think_v not_o fit_a to_o do_v because_o he_o know_v it_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o right_n and_o privilege_n of_o that_o county_n which_o have_v ever_o since_o the_o grant_n of_o it_o to_o hugh_n lupus_n by_o will._n i._n always_o be_v tax_v by_o themselves_o which_o privilege_n be_v also_o express_o set_v forth_o in_o a_o supplication_n of_o all_o the_o estate_n of_o this_o county_n palatine_n to_o k._n henry_n the_o six_o which_o mr._n p._n have_v give_v we_o from_o a_o ancient_a copy_n of_o it_o then_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o sir_n thomas_n manwaring_n of_o that_o county_n 46._o baronet_n wherein_o the_o abbot_n prior_n and_o clergy_n baron_n knight_n esquire_n and_o commonalty_n set_v forth_o that_o they_o with_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o earl_n do_v make_v and_o admit_v law_n within_o the_o same_o etc._n etc._n and_o that_o no_o inheritor_n or_o possessor_n within_o the_o say_a county_n be_v chargeable_a or_o liable_a or_o be_v bind_v charge_v or_o hurt_v of_o their_o body_n liberty_n franchise_n land_n good_n or_o possession_n unless_o the_o say_a county_n have_v agree_v unto_o it_o now_o what_o can_v here_o be_v mean_v by_o county_n but_o the_o common_a council_n or_o parliament_n thereof_o since_o otherwise_o they_o can_v make_v no_o law_n nor_o do_v any_o other_o public_a act_n the_o like_a i_o may_v say_v for_o the_o county_n palatine_n of_o durham_n which_o from_o the_o grant_v thereof_o by_o william_n rufus_n to_o the_o then_o bishop_n have_v always_o be_v tax_v by_o themselves_o 9_o and_o not_o by_o the_o bishop_n in_o parliament_n and_o that_o as_o low_o as_o the_o reign_n of_o edw._n 3._o as_o appear_v by_o this_o record_n of_o the_o 14_o the_o of_o that_o king_n contain_v a_o letter_n or_o commission_n to_o r._n bishop_n of_o durham_n recite_v that_o whereas_o the_o prelate_n earl_n baron_n and_o the_o commons_o of_o county_n have_v give_v he_o a_o 9th_o of_o their_o good_n there_o mention_v that_o therefore_o the_o bishop_n shall_v convene_v the_o magnate_v &_o communitatem_fw-la libertatis_fw-la vestrae_fw-la to_o wit_n of_o his_o county_n palatine_n ad_fw-la certum_fw-la diem_fw-la &_o locum_fw-la with_o all_o convenient_a speed_n and_o that_o do_v to_o persuade_v and_o excite_v the_o say_a magnate_n &_o communitas_fw-la to_o grant_v the_o king_n the_o like_a or_o a_o large_a subsidy_n or_o aid_n towards_o the_o maintenance_n of_o his_o war_n which_o have_v be_v altogether_o in_o vain_a if_o the_o bishop_n or_o the_o king_n can_v in_o those_o day_n have_v tax_v this_o county_n at_o their_o pleasure_n now_o if_o these_o great_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la can_v not_o tax_n their_o mesne_n tenant_n without_o their_o consent_n much_o less_o can_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la in_o england_n impose_v tax_n on_o their_o tenant_n in_o military_a service_n or_o in_o socage_n without_o their_o consent_n which_o last_o have_v a_o much_o less_o dependence_n upon_o they_o m._n i_o must_v confess_v i_o never_o consider_v these_o precedent_n of_o the_o county_n palatine_n of_o chester_n and_o durham_n and_o therefore_o can_v say_v nothing_o to_o they_o at_o present_a since_o it_o be_v matter_n of_o fact_n but_o as_o to_o reason_n and_o law_n i_o think_v it_o be_v consonant_a to_o both_o 171._o that_o not_o only_a tenant_n in_o military_a service_n but_o socage_n tenure_n shall_v be_v find_v by_o the_o act_n of_o their_o superior_a lord_n of_o who_o all_o the_o land_n of_o england_n be_v former_o hold_v by_o knight_n service_n and_o though_o in_o process_n of_o time_n many_o of_o these_o estate_n and_o land_n become_v free_a tenement_n or_o be_v hold_v in_o socage_n that_o be_v be_v free_a holder_n yet_o the_o lord_n retain_v homage_n which_o in_o the_o time_n we_o now_o write_v of_o be_v no_o idle_a insignificant_a word_n and_o by_o that_o a_o dominion_n over_o the_o estate_n whereby_o upon_o disobedience_n treachery_n or_o injury_n do_v to_o the_o lord_n etc._n etc._n the_o land_n be_v forfeit_v to_o they_o and_o although_o the_o land_n nor_o the_o tenant_n of_o they_o which_o be_v term_v freeholders_n be_v subject_a to_o any_o base_a service_n or_o servile_a work_n yet_o the_o lord_n have_v a_o great_a power_n over_o these_o tenant_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o do_v homage_n to_o they_o which_o though_o now_o antiquate_v yet_o eo_fw-la nomine_fw-la their_o land_n be_v many_o way_n liable_a to_o forfeiture_n and_o tax_n too_o so_o that_o upon_o all_o these_o account_n it_o be_v then_o as_o reasonable_a that_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la shall_v in_o those_o day_n make_v law_n and_o grant_v tax_n for_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la in_o scotland_n shall_v do_v so_o to_o this_o very_a day_n for_o all_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o that_o kingdom_n of_o never_o so_o great_a estate_n and_o to_o this_o argument_n which_o be_v certain_a in_o matter_n of_o fact_n you_o have_v yet_o answer_v nothing_o nor_o do_v i_o believe_v can_v f._n i_o can_v see_v notwithstanding_o what_o you_o have_v now_o say_v that_o the_o superior_a lord_n by_o reason_n of_o homage_n shall_v have_v a_o absolute_a power_n over_o their_o tenant_n estate_n for_o though_o in_o the_o profession_n of_o homage_n to_o the_o lord_n i_o grant_v the_o tenant_n thereby_o promise_v to_o become_v the_o lord_n man_n yet_o he_o never_o thereby_o mean_v to_o become_v his_o slave_n and_o there_o be_v mutual_a duty_n on_o both_o side_n so_o that_o if_o the_o lord_n fail_v to_o protect_v his_o tenant_n in_o his_o estate_n or_o unjust_o oppress_v he_o he_o may_v have_v refuse_v nay_o renounce_v his_o homage_n till_o the_o lord_n have_v do_v he_o right_n nor_o can_v i_o see_v how_o a_o bare_a right_n of_o have_v the_o forfeiture_n of_o the_o estate_n in_o the_o case_n you_o have_v put_v which_o yet_o let_v i_o tell_v you_o be_v never_o so_o strict_a in_o respect_n of_o socage_n as_o military_a tenure_n as_o i_o can_v show_v you_o be_v it_o worth_a while_n for_o if_o this_o right_n of_o forfeiture_n alone_o can_v give_v the_o superior_a lord_n a_o power_n over_o his_o tenant_n estate_n to_o make_v law_n for_o
in_o french_a hauz_fw-fr homes_n &_o comun_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr terre_fw-fr shall_v rise_v against_o they_o to_o grieve_v they_o to_o the_o utmost_a of_o their_o power_n and_o shall_v be_v obedient_a to_o they_o in_o nothing_o and_o in_o do_v all_o thing_n as_o if_o they_o be_v bind_v to_o they_o in_o nothing_o until_o these_o thing_n shall_v be_v amend_v and_o maintain_v according_a to_o the_o ordinance_n of_o the_o peace_n aforesaid_a and_o to_o this_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n and_o mounseur_fw-fr edward_n and_o the_o great_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n have_v swear_v upon_o the_o holy_a gospel_n to_o keep_v and_o maintain_v the_o thing_n aforesaid_a and_o with_o this_o record_n agree_v this_o king_n latin_a charter_n much_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n recite_v in_o the_o annal_n of_o waverly_n 217._o an._n 1264._o only_o the_o word_n there_o be_v more_o general_n that_o if_o the_o king_n or_o prince_n shall_v break_v the_o say_a peace_n by_o hurt_v or_o fall_v upon_o any_o of_o the_o say_a earl_n of_o leicester_n or_o gloucester_n or_o any_o of_o the_o person_n abovementioned_a liceat_fw-la omnibus_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la nostra_fw-la contra_fw-la nos_fw-la insurgere_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la gravamen_fw-la nostrum_fw-la opem_fw-la &_o operam_fw-la dare_v juxta_fw-la posse_fw-la ad_fw-la quod_fw-la ex_fw-la praesenti_fw-la praecepto_fw-la nostro_fw-la omnes_fw-la &_o singulos_fw-la volumus_fw-la obligaâ—i_fw-la fideliter_fw-la &_o homagis_fw-la nobis_fw-la facto_fw-la non_fw-la obstante_fw-la so_o that_o you_o see_v here_o that_o by_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o king_n himself_o and_o the_o whole_a parliament_n this_o resistance_n may_v be_v exercise_v notwithstanding_o the_o homage_n they_o have_v do_v he_o and_o this_o be_v that_o form_n of_o the_o peace_n which_o i_o have_v before_o cite_v to_o you_o to_o have_v be_v make_v as_o appear_v by_o a_o writ_n to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o yorkshire_n to_o be_v see_v upon_o the_o same_o roll_n 5._o and_o in_o the_o same_o membrane_n unanimi_fw-la consensu_fw-la &_o voluntate_fw-la nostra_fw-la &_o edwardi_fw-la silij_fw-la nostri_fw-la primogeniti_fw-la praelatorum_fw-la comitum_fw-la baronum_fw-la &_o communitatis_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la etc._n etc._n which_o doctor_n brady_n think_v fit_a to_o conceal_v and_o not_o publish_v with_o the_o former_a record_n because_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la do_v not_o at_o all_o suit_n with_o his_o notion_n in_o this_o place_n m._n i_o must_v confess_v this_o so_o solemn_a a_o agreement_n upon_o the_o record_n will_v have_v be_v very_o considerable_a have_v it_o be_v make_v whilst_o the_o king_n and_o prince_n have_v be_v free_a dein_fw-ge and_o in_o their_o own_o power_n whereas_o the_o dr._n have_v make_v it_o plain_o appear_v that_o the_o king_n and_o prince_n be_v at_o this_o time_n in_o the_o power_n of_o simon_n montfort_n and_o his_o adherent_n who_o call_v that_o famous_a parliament_n of_o the_o 49th_o to_o which_o we_o suppose_v the_o commons_o be_v first_o summon_v 143._o and_o therefore_o the_o prince_n be_v not_o deliver_v at_o this_o time_n any_o more_o than_o the_o king_n his_o father_n out_o of_o their_o power_n and_o be_v only_o take_v out_o of_o dover_n castle_n and_o make_v a_o prisoner_n at_o large_a under_o a_o guard_n as_o his_o father_n be_v until_o he_o make_v his_o escape_n from_o his_o keeper_n at_o hereford_n castle_n so_o that_o i_o do_v not_o at_o all_o value_n this_o agreement_n because_o make_v by_o duress_n though_o i_o confess_v the_o word_n of_o the_o record_n be_v express_v that_o it_o be_v de_fw-la unanimi_fw-la coâ—sensu_fw-la &_o voluntate_fw-la nostra_fw-la etc._n etc._n edwardi_fw-la filii_fw-la nostri_fw-la but_o it_o appear_v plain_o that_o by_o this_o agreement_n the_o king_n have_v discharge_v himself_o of_o all_o royal_a power_n and_o confirm_v this_o agreement_n whereby_o the_o whole_a government_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o nomination_n of_o all_o the_o great_a officer_n of_o the_o crown_n be_v put_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o nine_o earl_n and_o baron_n f._n at_o this_o rate_n no_o act_n that_o a_o king_n can_v do_v when_o he_o have_v the_o worst_a of_o it_o though_o confirm_v by_o a_o solemn_a oath_n as_o this_o be_v upon_o the_o holy_a gospel_n can_v ever_o be_v bind_v for_o it_o be_v but_o allege_v that_o it_o be_v do_v by_o duress_n and_o it_o be_v sufficient_a to_o render_v it_o null_n and_o void_a but_o be_v it_o as_o it_o will_v this_o be_v certain_o the_o general_a consent_n act_n and_o declaration_n of_o the_o whole_a nation_n assemble_v in_o parliament_n and_o that_o own_a by_o the_o king_n himself_o and_o his_o son_n the_o prince_n and_o all_o his_o party_n and_o far_o that_o this_o resistance_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o gloucester_n who_o be_v one_o of_o these_o baron_n be_v not_o after_o count_v for_o treason_n or_o rebellion_n appear_v by_o that_o pardon_n of_o the_o say_a earl_n which_o we_o have_v before_o cite_v to_o have_v be_v make_v by_o this_o king_n 161_o with_o assent_n of_o the_o king_n of_o almain_n his_o brother_n and_o the_o count_n and_o baron_n and_o commons_o of_o the_o land_n in_o which_o he_o pardon_v the_o say_a earl_n and_o all_o his_o company_n and_o also_o all_o the_o londoner_n all_o rancour_n and_o ill-will_n and_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o king_n quit_v and_o discharge_v the_o earl_n and_o his_o company_n so_o do_v the_o say_a earl_n hereby_o for_o himself_o and_o all_o his_o company_n remit_v to_o all_o those_o that_o be_v of_o the_o party_n of_o the_o king_n any_o thing_n do_v since_o that_o moment_n that_o be_v that_o civil_a war_n in_o which_o the_o earl_n of_o gloucester_n have_v so_o great_a a_o share_n so_o that_o you_o see_v this_o resistance_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o gloucester_n be_v within_o two_o year_n after_o the_o battle_n of_o evesham_n so_o far_o from_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o rebellion_n that_o the_o pardon_n be_v make_v mutual_a not_o only_o for_o the_o earl_n and_o those_o that_o follow_v he_o but_o also_o for_o those_o that_o have_v take_v the_o king_n part_n but_o i_o shall_v come_v now_o to_o his_o son_n and_o successor_n king_n edward_n the_o first_o where_o we_o shall_v find_v this_o doctrine_n of_o resistance_n assert_v more_o than_o once_o not_o only_o by_o private_a man_n but_o by_o the_o whole_a parliament_n as_o appear_v by_o those_o letter_n that_o be_v write_v by_o the_o king_n command_n or_o permission_n at_o least_o in_o the_o 29_o of_o his_o reign_n in_o the_o name_n of_o all_o the_o earl_n 436._o baron_n &_o tota_fw-la communitas_fw-la angliae_fw-la to_o pope_n boniface_n the_o eight_o in_o vindication_n of_o the_o king_n superiority_n over_o scotland_n to_o which_o you_o will_v find_v this_o remarkable_a passage_n nec_fw-la etiam_fw-la permittimus_fw-la nec_fw-la permittemus_fw-la sicut_fw-la non_fw-la possumus_fw-la nec_fw-la debemus_fw-la praemissa_fw-la tam_fw-la insolita_fw-la indebita_fw-la &_o praejudicialia_fw-la &_o alius_fw-la inaudita_fw-la praelibatum_fw-la dominum_fw-la nostrum_fw-la regem_fw-la etiam_fw-la si_fw-la vellet_fw-la facere_fw-la modo_fw-la quolibit_fw-la attemptare_fw-la which_o restraint_n of_o the_o king_n will_n must_v certain_o mean_v some_o what_o more_o than_o a_o bare_a remonstrance_n or_o declaration_n against_o it_o since_o we_o have_v see_v in_o our_o own_o time_n king_n make_v nothing_o of_o mere_a verbal_a declaration_n of_o the_o two_o house_n of_o parliament_n if_o they_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o do_v a_o thing_n they_o think_v belong_v to_o their_o prerogative_n though_o the_o parliament_n declare_v against_o it_o and_o to_o let_v you_o far_o see_v that_o this_o doctrine_n be_v at_o this_o time_n general_o believe_v and_o practise_v all_o over_o europe_n you_o will_v find_v almost_o the_o same_o clause_n in_o the_o letter_n which_o be_v write_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o philip_n the_o fair_a king_n of_o france_n anno_fw-la 1203._o which_o fall_v about_o the_o 30_o of_o our_o king_n 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lord_n or_o peer_n of_o parliament_n and_o that_o the_o rest_n be_v the_o lesser_a or_o low_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la sometime_o style_v barones_n minores_fw-la be_v for_o some_o time_n before_o this_o summon_v by_o general_a writ_n direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n or_o bailiff_n as_o appear_v by_o king_n john_n magna_fw-la charta_fw-la 18._o now_o whether_o these_o man_n be_v ever_o real_o peer_n or_o not_o i_o have_v reason_n to_o doubt_v since_o i_o do_v not_o find_v but_o it_o be_v they_o alone_a who_o for_o some_o year_n after_o the_o conquest_n serve_v upon_o jury_n in_o county_n court_n and_o dispatch_v all_o the_o public_a business_n of_o the_o country_n which_o be_v then_o as_o at_o this_o day_n a_o drudgery_n beneath_o the_o peer_n to_o perform_v and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v not_o insist_v upon_o it_o but_o thus_o much_o i_o think_v be_v certain_a that_o they_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o person_n much_o above_o any_o other_o layman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n since_o they_o hold_v 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fe_n yet_o do_v i_o not_o affirm_v that_o the_o commons_o be_v not_o after_o some_o sort_n represent_v in_o parliament_n by_o their_o superior_a lord_n deim_fw-ge though_o not_o as_o commoner_n since_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o other_o baron_n do_v then_o make_v law_n and_o give_v tax_n not_o only_o for_o themselves_o but_o their_o feudatory_a tenant_n also_o though_o of_o never_o so_o great_a estate_n and_o tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v then_o look_v upon_o as_o the_o only_a true_a freehold_a of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o tenant_n by_o it_o as_o the_o only_a true_a freeholder_n f._n i_o shall_v show_v you_o by_o and_o by_o the_o falsity_n of_o this_o notion_n but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n pray_v tell_v i_o when_o a_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n be_v call_v who_o represent_v those_o person_n who_o you_o say_v do_v not_o appear_v there_o and_o make_v general_a law_n and_o grant_v general_n tax_n for_o themselves_o and_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n when_o there_o be_v 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confer_v any_o new_a right_n or_o privilege_n upon_o freeholder_n of_o 40_o s._n per_fw-la annum_fw-la to_o give_v their_o voice_n at_o such_o election_n as_o you_o suppose_v but_o only_o take_v away_o the_o right_n which_o the_o small_a freeholder_n of_o under_o 40_o s_o per_fw-la annum_fw-la whether_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o not_o have_v before_o and_o restrain_v it_o only_o to_o such_o as_o shall_v have_v land_n or_o tenement_n to_o the_o vaâ—â—_n of_o 40_o s._n by_o year_n above_o all_o charge_n and_o it_o be_v yet_o a_o much_o great_a mistake_n to_o suppose_v as_o your_o dr._n do_v that_o this_o statute_n of_o 8_o the_o hen._n vi_o be_v at_o all_o alter_v by_o that_o of_o the_o 10_o the_o of_o this_o king_n which_o be_v no_o more_o than_o a_o explanation_n of_o it_o viz._n that_o by_o 40_o s._n per_fw-la annum_fw-la be_v mean_v 40_o s._n freehold_n and_o that_o of_o land_n lie_v within_o the_o county_n where_o the_o election_n shall_v be_v make_v so_o that_o nothing_o 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proceed_v in_o the_o design_n i_o have_v undertake_v it_o be_v necessary_a that_o i_o show_v you_o first_o of_o all_o who_o be_v those_o freeman_n or_o freeholder_n proper_o so_o call_v upon_o who_o the_o whole_a burden_n of_o the_o subordinate_a government_n of_o the_o kingdom_n chief_o rely_v and_o who_o then_o constitute_v the_o legal_a university_n or_o community_n thereof_o immediate_o after_o the_o norman_a conquest_n and_o during_o many_o king_n reign_n after_o that_o time_n i_o suppose_v you_o be_v not_o ignorant_a that_o king_n william_n the_o conqueror_n have_v out_v all_o the_o english_a nobility_n and_o gentry_n of_o their_o estate_n give_v they_o away_o to_o his_o french_a and_o norman_a follower_n to_o be_v hold_v of_o he_o and_o his_o successor_n in_o capite_fw-la either_o by_o knight_n service_n or_o petit_fw-fr serjeanty_n reserve_v to_o himself_o the_o ancient_a demesne_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o add_v more_o thereunto_o for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o royal_a dignity_n and_o for_o this_o i_o need_v refer_v you_o to_o no_o better_a author_n than_o doomsday_n book_n itself_o and_o then_o after_o he_o have_v thus_o distribute_v the_o land_n of_o england_n as_o aforesaid_a he_o compose_v a_o body_n of_o law_n still_o extant_a and_o which_o be_v in_o great_a part_n addition_n to_o the_o ancient_a law_n of_o king_n edward_n and_o his_o predecessor_n i_o shall_v give_v you_o three_o or_o four_o of_o these_o new_a law_n 254._o and_o then_o i_o shall_v leave_v you_o to_o judge_v who_o be_v the_o true_a freeman_n or_o freeholder_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n they_o the_o first_o be_v the_o 52_o d_o law_n of_o this_o king_n tit._n de_fw-fr fide_fw-la &_o obsequio_fw-la ergo_fw-la regem_fw-la statuâ—mus_fw-la etiam_fw-la ut_fw-la omnes_fw-la liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la faedere_fw-la &_o sacramento_n affirmarent_fw-la quod_fw-la intra_fw-la &_o extra_fw-la regnum_fw-la angliae_fw-la quod_fw-la olim_fw-la vocabâ—o_fw-la regnum_fw-la britanny_n wilâ—ielmo_n regi_fw-la domino_fw-la svo_fw-la fideles_fw-la esse_fw-la volunt_fw-la tâ—ras_n &_o honour_n illius_fw-la omni_fw-la fidelitate_fw-la seruare_fw-la cum_fw-la eo_fw-la &_o contra_fw-la inimicos_fw-la &_o alienigenar_a difendere_fw-la now_o who_o these_o freeman_n be_v that_o be_v thus_o to_o maintain_v the_o king_n in_o his_o land_n and_o honour_n we_o shall_v see_v in_o the_o 55th_o law_n follow_v tit._n de_n clienteleri_fw-la seu_fw-la feudorum_fw-la jure_fw-la &_o ingenuòrum_fw-la immunitate_fw-la volumus_fw-la etiam_fw-la ac_fw-la firmiter_fw-la praecipimus_fw-la &_o concedimus_fw-la ut_fw-la omnes_fw-la liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la totius_fw-la monarchiae_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la praedicti_fw-la habeant_fw-la &_o â—â—_o mean_v terras_fw-la svas_fw-la &_o póssessiones_fw-la sâ—â—s_fw-la benè_fw-la &_o in_o pace_n libere_fw-la ab_fw-la omni_fw-la exactione_n injusto_fw-la &_o ab_fw-la omni_fw-la tallagio_n it_o a_o quod_fw-la nihil_fw-la ab_fw-la eye_n exigatur_fw-la vel_fw-la capiatur_fw-la nisi_fw-la servitium_fw-la suum_fw-la liberum_fw-la quod_fw-la de_fw-la jùre_fw-la nobis_fw-la facere_fw-la debent_fw-la &_o facere_fw-la tenentur_fw-la &_o prout_fw-la statutum_n est_fw-la in_o &_o allis_fw-la a_o nobis_fw-la datum_n &_o concessum_fw-la jure_fw-la hereditario_fw-la imperpetuum_fw-la per_fw-la commune_fw-la consilium_fw-la votius_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la whereby_o you_o may_v see_v that_o all_o the_o freeman_n here_o mention_v who_o be_v to_o hold_v their_o land_n and_o possession_n in_o peace_n and_o free_a from_o all_o unjâ—_n exaction_n and_o taillage_n be_v only_o such_o who_o be_v to_o perform_v free_a service_n i._n e._n knight_n service_n which_o be_v before_o appoint_v and_o grant_v they_o in_o hereditary_a right_n by_o the_o king_n in_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n so_o that_o none_o be_v proper_o freeman_n or_o exempt_v from_o tax_n or_o talliage_n 17._o but_o such_o as_o hold_v by_o military_a tenure_n though_o not_o knight_v and_o pray_v also_o by_o the_o way_n take_v notice_n that_o by_o this_o commune_fw-la consilium_fw-la regni_fw-la you_o be_v not_o to_o understand_v a_o council_n of_o english_a man_n or_o of_o english_a and_o french_a together_o but_o one_o whole_o make_v up_o of_o frenchman_n or_o norman_n who_o as_o well_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n as_o temporal_a earl_n and_o baron_n hold_v almost_o all_o the_o land_n in_o the_o kingdom_n by_o knight_n service_n which_o be_v also_o far_o make_v out_o by_o the_o 58_o the_o law_n tit._n de_n clientum_fw-la seu_fw-la vassallorem_fw-la prastationibus_fw-la statuimus_fw-la etiam_fw-la &_o firmiter_fw-la praecipimus_fw-la ut_fw-la omnes_fw-la comites_fw-la &_o berme_n &_o milites_fw-la &_o servientes_fw-la &_o universi_fw-la liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la prâ—â—â—â—tihabeant_fw-la &_o teneant_fw-la se_fw-la semper_fw-la benè_fw-la in_o armis_fw-la &_o in_o equis_fw-la ut_fw-la decet_fw-la &_o oportet_fw-la &_o qud_fw-la sint_fw-la semper_fw-la prompti_fw-la &_o benè_fw-la parati_fw-la ad_fw-la servitium_fw-la suum_fw-la integrum_fw-la nobis_fw-la explendum_fw-la &_o pâ—â—â—gendum_fw-la cum_fw-la semper_fw-la opus_fw-la adfuerit_fw-la secundum_fw-la quod_fw-la nobis_fw-la debent_fw-la de_fw-la feodis_fw-la &_o teneâ—â—â—tis_fw-la suis_fw-la de_fw-la jure_fw-la facere_fw-la &_o sicut_fw-la illis_fw-la statuimus_fw-la per_fw-la commune_fw-la consilium_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la praedicti_fw-la &_o illis_fw-la dedimus_fw-la &_o concessimus_fw-la in_o feodo_fw-la jure_fw-la haereditario_fw-la hoc_fw-la praeceptum_fw-la non_fw-la sit_fw-la violatum_fw-la ullo_fw-la modo_fw-la super_fw-la foris_fw-la facturam_fw-la nostram_fw-la plenam_fw-la so_o that_o here_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o his_o kingdom_n be_v to_o perform_v their_o military_a service_n ibid._n with_o horse_n and_o arm_n according_a to_o their_o fee_n and_o tenor_n therefore_o they_o be_v tenant_n in_o military_a service_n only_o which_o in_o those_o time_n be_v the_o only_a great_a freeman_n and_o that_o service_n the_o only_a free_a service_n which_o be_v mean_v in_o this_o law_n and_o â—ow_o different_a they_o be_v from_o our_o ordinary_a freeholder_n at_o this_o day_n for_o who_o neither_o of_o these_o law_n be_v make_v i_o dare_v leave_v it_o
to_o the_o judgement_n of_o every_o indifferent_a person_n these_o than_o be_v the_o man_n the_o only_a legal_a man_n that_o name_v and_o choose_v jury_n and_o serve_v on_o jury_n themselves_o both_o in_o the_o country_n and_o hundred_o court_n and_o dispatch_v all_o country_n business_n under_o the_o great_a officer_n as_o will_v appear_v by_o the_o next_o law_n with_o a_o little_a explication_n ut_fw-la jura_n regius_fw-la illaesa_fw-la seruare_fw-la pro_fw-la viribus_fw-la câ—entur_fw-la subditi_fw-la statuimus_fw-la etiam_fw-la &_o firmiter_fw-la praecipimus_fw-la ut_fw-la omnes_fw-la liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la praedicti_fw-la sint_fw-la fratres_n conjurati_fw-la ad_fw-la monarchiam_fw-la nostram_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la regnum_fw-la nostrum_fw-la pro_fw-la viribus_fw-la suis_fw-la &_o facultatibus_fw-la contra_fw-la inimicos_fw-la pro_fw-la posse_fw-la svo_fw-la defendendum_fw-la &_o viriliter_fw-la servaâ—um_fw-la pacem_fw-la &_o dignitatem_fw-la coronae_fw-la nostrae_fw-la integram_fw-la observandam_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la judicium_fw-la recâ—um_fw-la &_o justitiam_fw-la constant_a omnibus_fw-la modis_fw-la pro_fw-la posse_fw-la svo_fw-la sine_fw-la dolo_fw-la &_o sine_fw-la dilatione_fw-la faâ—endam_fw-la now_o the_o judgement_n they_o be_v to_o give_v and_o the_o justice_n they_o be_v to_o do_v by_o this_o law_n beside_o that_o in_o their_o own_o court_n and_o jurisdiction_n be_v principal_o as_o they_o be_v juror_n or_o recognitor_n upon_o assize_n etc._n etc._n though_o some_o of_o the_o great_a of_o their_o milites_fw-la be_v often_o sheriff_n hundredary_n and_o other_o under_o judge_n and_o ministerial_a officer_n of_o justice_n in_o their_o several_a county_n as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o glanâ—ille_n every_o where_o but_o especial_o lib._n 2._o c._n 10_o 11._o lib._n 9_o c._n 7._o c._n 17._o &_o lib._n 13._o throughout_o this_o of_o be_v suitor_n to_o the_o county_n and_o hundred_o court_n etc._n etc._n be_v a_o service_n incident_a to_o their_o tenor_n and_o before_o they_o many_o time_n ancient_o in_o the_o county_n and_o hundred_o court_n and_o not_o private_o in_o a_o chamber_n be_v execute_v deed_n grant_n and_o donation_n of_o land_n contain_v in_o very_o small_a piece_n of_o parchment_n witness_v by_o thomas_n of_o such_o a_o town_n john_n of_o another_o richard_n of_o a_o three_o etc._n etc._n which_o be_v knight_n and_o liberi_fw-la tenentes_fw-la in_o military_a service_n in_o those_o town_n of_o considerable_a estate_n and_o not_o the_o low_a sort_n of_o people_n and_o this_o execution_n of_o sales_n and_o assurance_n in_o open_a court_n be_v as_o public_a and_o notorious_a and_o as_o secure_v as_o if_o at_o that_o time_n there_o have_v be_v a_o public_a register_n for_o they_o f._n before_o i_o answer_v your_o conclusion_n from_o king_n vvilliam_n law_n i_o must_v tell_v you_o i_o be_o not_o at_o all_o satisfy_v neither_o with_o the_o account_v you_o give_v how_o the_o commonâ—_n of_o england_n can_v come_v in_o to_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o parliament_n without_o any_o noise_n or_o notice_n take_v of_o it_o either_o by_o our_o act_n of_o parliament_n or_o historian_n since_o it_o be_v not_o only_o improbable_a but_o also_o quite_o contrary_a to_o matter_n of_o fact_n and_o history_n itself_o as_o i_o shall_v i_o hope_v make_v good_a when_o we_o come_v to_o treat_v of_o that_o subject_a nor_o be_v your_o argument_n of_o any_o weight_n since_o it_o do_v not_o follow_v that_o because_o william_n the_o conqueror_n so_o subject_v the_o land_n of_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n to_o tenure_n by_o knight_n service_n that_o therefore_o this_o be_v do_v by_o his_o sole_a power_n without_o any_o law_n for_o it_o make_v by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n since_o i_o observe_v in_o the_o first_o law_n of_o king_n william_n which_o you_o have_v now_o cite_v that_o the_o very_a service_n which_o you_o say_v be_v reserve_v upon_o the_o land_n he_o have_v bestow_v be_v say_v to_o be_v so_o appoint_v or_o settle_v by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o therefore_o certain_o the_o service_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n must_v be_v so_o likewise_o and_o therefore_o i_o must_v confess_v myself_o to_o be_v of_o mr._n selden_n opinion_n in_o this_o matter_n who_o presume_v there_o be_v a_o law_n for_o it_o though_o now_o lose_v and_o can_v believe_v that_o this_o king_n how_o powerful_a soever_o shall_v attempt_v to_o introduce_v so_o great_a a_o yoke_n upon_o all_o the_o bishop_n and_o so_o many_o of_o the_o abbot_n and_o prior_n of_o england_n without_o their_o consent_n express_o give_v to_o a_o law_n and_o make_v in_o the_o great_a council_n concern_v it_o though_o that_o law_n as_o many_o other_o of_o this_o king_n be_v not_o now_o to_o be_v find_v but_o to_o come_v to_o the_o main_a design_n of_o your_o present_a discourse_n which_o be_v to_o show_v that_o none_o but_o tenant_n by_o military_a service_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v in_o the_o first_o time_n after_o the_o conquest_n proper_o the_o only_a true_a freeman_n or_o freeholder_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n i_o shall_v show_v you_o that_o first_o the_o notion_n be_v quite_o new_a and_o never_o hear_v of_o till_o the_o dr._n from_o who_o you_o have_v borrow_v it_o first_o broach_v it_o neither_o mr._n lambard_n mr._n somneâ—_n nor_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n nor_o any_o of_o our_o english_a antiquary_n or_o lawyer_n ever_o discover_v any_o such_o thing_n before_o your_o dr._n arise_v to_o disperse_v these_o cloud_n every_o man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n who_o be_v no_o villain_n be_v look_v upon_o as_o a_o freeman_n and_o every_o owner_n of_o land_n of_o inheritance_n though_o of_o never_o so_o small_a a_o proportion_n reckon_v a_o freeholder_n and_o his_o estate_n call_v his_o franc_n tenement_n or_o freehold_n as_o well_o in_o our_o ancient_n as_o modern_a law_n and_o that_o freehold_n be_v not_o restrain_v only_o to_o military_a service_n within_o a_o hundred_o year_n after_o the_o conquest_n appear_v by_o king_n john_n magna_fw-la charta_fw-la in_o which_o it_o be_v express_o recite_v that_o nullus_fw-la distriâ—â—tur_fw-la ad_fw-la faciendum_fw-la majus_fw-la servitium_fw-la de_fw-la feodo_fw-la militis_fw-la nec_fw-la de_fw-la alio_fw-la libero_fw-la tenemento_fw-it quâ—â—_n inde_fw-la debetur_fw-la and_o that_o socage_n tenant_n though_o by_o villain_n service_n be_v as_o much_o freeman_n as_o your_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la see_v spelman_n glossary_a tit._n socman_n where_o he_o say_v thus_o socmannus_fw-la in_o natura_fw-la brevinan_n brevi_fw-la de_fw-fr recto_n propriè_fw-la talis_fw-la est_fw-la qui_fw-fr liâ—e_z est_fw-la &_o tenet_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la seu_fw-la de_fw-la alio_fw-la domino_fw-la in_o antiquo_fw-la dominico_fw-la terras_fw-la svas_fw-la seu_fw-la tenementâ—_n in_o villenagio_n libro_fw-la sancti_fw-la albani_n tit._n honcton_n chap_n i._o rege_fw-la angliae_fw-la manerium_fw-la de_fw-la hâ—â—cton_n tenuerunt_fw-la in_o dominico_fw-la omnes_fw-la tenentes_fw-la liberi_fw-la scil_n &_o custumarii_fw-la per_fw-la sokam_fw-la defendebant_fw-la tenementa_fw-la sua_fw-la etc._n etc._n ex_fw-la quo_fw-la patet_fw-la sokmans_fw-mi liberos_fw-la 〈◊〉_d significare_fw-la but_o since_o you_o seem_v to_o make_v a_o distinction_n between_o freeman_n and_o freeholder_n proper_o or_o improper_o so_o call_v since_o king_n vvilliam_n law_n you_o have_v now_o cite_v do_v not_o warrant_v any_o such_o distinction_n i_o must_v beg_v your_o excuse_n if_o i_o be_o not_o of_o your_o opinion_n for_o the_o first_o law_n you_o have_v quote_v warrant_v no_o such_o thing_n it_o only_o say_v that_o all_o freeman_n in_o general_a shall_v take_v a_o oath_n of_o fealty_n to_o the_o king_n to_o maintain_v he_o his_o land_n and_o honour_n against_o 〈◊〉_d enemy_n and_o stranger_n now_o it_o be_v apparent_a that_o this_o law_n extend_v to_o all_o freeman_n who_o be_v by_o the_o ancient_a saxon_a law_n recite_v in_o the_o addition_n to_o the_o law_n of_o king_n edward_n to_o take_v the_o very_a same_o oath_n in_o the_o folkmote_a as_o they_o be_v after_o your_o conquest_n to_o do_v according_a to_o this_o law_n either_o in_o the_o county_n court_v or_o sheriff_n turn_v nor_o will_v the_o next_o law_n do_v the_o business_n any_o more_o than_o this_o for_o the_o word_n be_v that_o all_o freeman_n of_o our_o say_a kingdom_n may_v have_v and_o hold_v their_o land_n and_o possession_n free_a from_o all_o â—njust_a taillage_n exaction_n etc._n etc._n which_o word_n possession_n extend_v not_o only_o to_o land_n of_o inheritance_n much_o less_o to_o land_n hold_v by_o knight_n service_n but_o also_o to_o estate_n for_o life_n and_o all_o other_o chattel_n or_o possession_n as_o well_o real_a as_o personal_a nor_o do_v the_o word_n servitium_n liberum_fw-la extend_v only_o to_o those_o service_n which_o be_v reserve_v upon_o land_n hold_v by_o knight_n service_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o also_o to_o those_o common_a service_n call_v trinoda_n necessitas_fw-la which_o i_o have_v former_o mention_v â—iz_o the_o building_n and_o repair_v of_o castle_n and_o bridge_n and_o expedition_n against_o foreign_a enemy_n
earl_n and_o in_o the_o like_a pardon_n to_o the_o constable_n and_o marshal_n in_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o which_o i_o now_o also_o quote_v those_o lord_n will_v not_o own_o they_o have_v transgress_v but_o the_o word_n be_v only_o etiam_fw-la transgressiones_fw-la si_fw-la quas_fw-la fecerit_fw-la so_o that_o since_o such_o reformation_n can_v not_o be_v bring_v about_o without_o violence_n and_o bloodshed_n and_o some_o irregularity_n which_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n can_v not_o be_v justify_v by_o the_o strict_a letter_n of_o the_o law_n it_o be_v but_o reason_n that_o for_o the_o quiet_v of_o man_n mind_n and_o their_o future_a security_n they_o shall_v be_v indemnify_v for_o what_o they_o have_v do_v with_o so_o good_a a_o intent_n and_o for_o the_o common_a good_a of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o that_o such_o act_n of_o pardon_n do_v not_o relate_v to_o the_o title_n such_o king_n have_v to_o the_o crown_n but_o only_o to_o their_o be_v king_n in_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o law_n appear_v by_o a_o like_a act_n of_o pardon_n pass_v in_o parliament_n in_o the_o first_o of_o henry_n the_o seven_o to_o pardon_v and_o save_v harmless_a all_o those_o that_o come_v over_o with_o the_o king_n and_o all_o that_o help_v he_o to_o recover_v his_o just_a right_n to_o the_o kingdom_n against_o king_n richard_n the_o three_o there_o call_v that_o usurper_n so_o that_o you_o may_v see_v such_o act_n of_o pardon_n do_v not_o concern_v the_o just_a title_n of_o prince_n nor_o the_o justice_n of_o the_o war_n but_o be_v to_o quiet_a man_n mind_n under_o the_o new_a government_n whereas_o those_o that_o take_v part_n with_o the_o usurper_n be_v not_o pardon_v but_o leave_v to_o the_o law_n since_o the_o present_a government_n will_v not_o take_v care_n for_o their_o security_n that_o have_v obstruct_v its_o settlement_n so_o the_o act_n of_o oblivion_n of_o the_o second_o of_o charles_n the_o second_o though_o it_o pardon_v treason_n express_o yet_o it_o as_o well_o 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special_a act_n of_o parliament_n and_o what_o be_v most_o remarkable_a the_o commons_o in_o the_o long_a parliament_n of_o charles_n the_o second_o do_v by_o their_o vote_n enter_v upon_o their_o journal_o declare_v and_o assert_v that_o by_o law_n no_o arm_a force_n can_v be_v keep_v up_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n except_o the_o militia_n and_o as_o for_o foreign_a succour_n they_o be_v oblige_v to_o be_v carry_v immediate_o to_o the_o port_n of_o their_o discharge_n and_o be_v not_o to_o exceed_v one_o month_n at_o further_a from_o the_o time_n of_o their_o first_o muster_n as_o for_o castle_n and_o fort_n within_o the_o realm_n they_o be_v all_o supply_v and_o defend_v by_o tenor_n but_o for_o the_o militia_n of_o old_a time_n it_o be_v in_o the_o sheriff_n of_o the_o county_n to_o make_v use_n thereof_o for_o the_o execution_n of_o the_o law_n and_o defence_n of_o the_o kingdom_n except_o in_o the_o case_n aforesaid_a and_o it_o be_v treason_n for_o any_o subject_a to_o levy_v 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