Selected quad for the lemma: land_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
land_n	acre_n	shilling_n	worth_a	1,731	5	10.0348	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A57113	The true English interest, or, An account of the chief national improvements in some political observations, demonstrating an infallible advance of this nation to infinite wealth and greatness, trade and populacy, with imployment and preferment for all persons / by Carew Reynel, Esq.	Reynell, Carew, 1636-1690.	1674 (1674)	Wing R1215; ESTC R36784	29,224	118

send to France and Holland and employ half a million of People keep in Tillage much Land set many Husbandmen on work by the great quantity of Hemp and Flax that will be sown for the carrying of it on whereas now we make not so much as the Sheets to our Beds or Shirts to our backs The Linen Manufacture also is of greater vend than Woolen as being used on more occasions and in both cold and hot Countries and never fails of Chapmen or is ever dull 12. Of the Silk Trade THE Silk Trade will also save us vast sums of Money now sent to France and Italy and we make it here better and cheaper And then we should have it to furnish our selves and our neighbours and transport abundance to our Southern Plantations and bring with it Silver or such Commodities we must necessarily want or otherwise pay ready Silver for This Commodity also vends in hot and cold Countries and our Plantations in the hot Countries grow so considerable and populous of late that they will vend abundance of Silk and Linen if we had it for them 13. Tapistry THE Tapestry would set whole Towns on work and consume our own Wool and wosted abundantly and save Money in our purses for the Upholsterers Trade as it is now consists much of Foreign ware which is a damage to us which we may make as well and have enough to Export also it encourages Weavers Wosted-workers Drawers and Designers and several other Trades that have a livelyhood by it these Manufactures would employ a million of People 14. Of the Fishery THE Herring Fishery would employ nigh half a million of People more both by Sea and Land in managing the Ships and catching the Fish It is supposed it may employ many thousand Busses besides many other little Vessels and Boats attending them then there would be abundance of employment at home in making Nets Cordage Sails curing and ordering the Fish and employ abundance of Ship Carpenters and raise all the Port Towns and Countries adjacent and the Fish would bring in store of Silver and is it self as good as Silver to fetch in any other Commodity we want from any other Nation and the most certain salable Commodity to all our neighbours that can be produced We have better advantage for the Fishery than any Nation the Trade being on our own Coasts and our own Seas But if we will we may manage the Trade with their People procuring them to serve us in our Ships Now effectually to bring in both the Fishery and the three former Manufactures besides Publick Acts of encouragement Naturalization and freement from Taxes there is no way like this that there be an Impost of forty thousand pound per annum and on some Commodity that may be constant and certain as Coal or the like which should go to the raising of the Fishery Linen Silk and Tapistry Manufacture and be so ordered that forty pound per annum and a piece should be duly paid to a thousand of the elder masters of Busses and divers of the other three Manufactory Trades which would give pensions to two hundred and fifty men of each Trade constantly and as they die and fall off the next Senior Buss-master or Manufacturing man to take place and this continuing during their lives and their forty pound a year to be paid not in ready moneys but in Cloath or other English Manufacture which would increase the Trade also If this course were taken it would not only set up and keep up the Fishery and those Manufactures but all other Trades also and enrich the Land vastly And the Custom that would arise to the King by it bringing in Foreign Goods would be infinite and observe the Fishery would be constanter to us than any Trade we have now 15. Orchards and Vineyards THE Sider Trade would be a brave improvement of rent an Acre of Ground many times yielding fifty Hogsheads and more besides it would save the bringing in abundance of French Wine however it would bring into use our own Liquor if we yet must drink Foreign also 't is more excusable when we consume our own too If it be made well it is a luscious and high bodied liquor and esteemed by many far above French Wine as our Herefordshire and Devonshire Gentry can testifie and it were a good thing that when they planted Orchards they would plant with the best fruit as Pippin Pearmain Redstreak Golden-Rennet which they may do as cheap as the worst yet notwithstanding you shall see the common People plant whole Orchards of a pitiful sort of Fruit that will not turn to half the account of the other Vineyards also would do abundance of good in saving Foreign Wines and taking up the ground helping thereby other Commodities to vend better And if all Gentlemen would have but what Wine they could make on their own Ground they would not be so much beholding to France as they are and have so little thanks for it The chief thing in Vineyards is in choosing a luscious sort of Grape as the sweet Muscadel Our ground is as good as theirs if our Grapes were as good and the earlyer the Grape is the better for us And if when the Wine is made we do but pull out all the hard and unripe Grapes and the green stalks of the Vine we may make better Wine than they do for 't is that makes their Wine so rough and unwholsom and often sowers so soon I have drank as good Wine here in England as ever came out of France both for small Wine like Champeign and a high Wine like Burgundy Colonel Blunt and many others have had good Vineyards here of about two or three Acres of ground and sold many Hogsheads to the Vintners 16. Tobacco BUT that which would bring infinite wealth to this Nation if the Law would permit it is the planting of Tobacco it would also employ abundance of People in tilling planting weeding dressing and curing of it it improves the rent of Land extreamly for the Land which would not be worth otherwise above ten shillings an Acre will by relation be worth three pounds per annum in Tobacco and besides the Tenant shall make thirty pounds and forty pounds an Acre all charges paid before the severity of the Laws against its planting it went well forward and would still if it were reversed as those Countries where it began to be planted do much desire and would 't is believ'd willingly allow his Majesty the common rent of the Ground or more rather than be frustrated of it if required For by relation there were above six thousand Plantations of it in Gloucestershire Devonshire Sommersetshire and Oxfordshire all the objections that are against it cannot vye with the advantages that it produces Some say it is not so good as Foreign however if People will take it as they do and it will go off what matter is it It might be better if no Tobacco were taken

at all but who can help that which is grown to so great a use and vogue in the world But others say 't is better than any Foreign Tobacco especially for English bodies and being a strong Tobacco they can cure it and bring it to tast in a manner as they will like Virginia Spanish or Barbados and hath been often sold in London by relation for Spanish and as dear as any others Some say it would spoil Virginia what though it should we are bound to look to our selves at home first Besides it were better if that New-England and Virginia both if possible were remov'd farther towards the South for then they would consume our own Commodities and might meet with store of Silver and riches whereas now they have little necessary Trade for us possessing only such things as we have But they consume our People here by transportation and take the Bread out of our mouths by supplying Barbados Jamaica and the Southern Plantations with the same Commodities as we do However it were better for Virginia they planted no Tobacco they living but poorly on it and it takes up their thoughts from better improvements as the planting of Mulberry trees Vines and Olives as they begin in Carolina by which means they would produce Silks Wines and Oyls which would turn to a greater account and besides our Commodities that we cannot raise and so would breed a better commerce again our planting here would not take away their Tobacco Trade for we would not wholly ingross it to our selves but plant it with equal liberty as others do and vend our shares with them It would help us and not hinder them if theirs be as they say so much better Others object it would spoil the Kings Customs and Navigation but I think it would much advance them for Foreign Tobacco is not at all prohibited to come in and our Tobacco would fetch in so many other Commodities which will answer to the rest besides the Custom of its Exportation however it were better to supply his Majesty some other way than by prejudicing the common good And indeed it would be a great gain to this Nation and his Majesty All the South of England being fit for it and as for Custom Navigation and Foreign Trade this is a Rule throughout that the more home Trade variety of Manufactures and Husbandries we have within our selves the more Foreign Trade we shall have also from which flows Custom and Navigation for home Trade is the foundation of Foreign and if we are full of home Commodities every private man will be of a publick spirit to gain Transportation for them 17. Of the Salt Trade Latton and Paper THE Salt Trade would be a vast profit if it were undertaken in all places of this Nation where it might Whereas now we have most of our Salt from France Then the Latton Trade would employ abundance of People and consume our own Commodities of Tin and Iron prove an excellent thing for Exportation Paper also if it were made here would employ many hands and many Trades And it is a thing so generally used all over the world that it could not miss of Sale but this is not expected to be brought in till we have the Linen Trade on which this depends as being made thereon No Nation uses more Paper than we and yet make none our selves but only some small quantity of brown Paper and Past-board and if we made but the white Paper we used it would set on work thousands 18. Of Mines THere might be abundance of Mines of all sorts found out more than there are if carefully sought for Many Tin Mines might be found in Dartmore and many places of Devonshire as well as Cornwall also store of Marble Mines are there and more might be discovered also some where in the West are Mines of Loadstone Many Clays also are very profitable as ordinary pot Clay Tobacco-pipe Clay crucible Clay and such that will endure the fire and serve the Founders as in the Isle of Wight and at Cheam in Surry where it is sold for fifty shillings a Load for the excellency of it by that honest Gentleman Colonel Bugges who now hath it in possession Clay that makes China they say is lately discovered within the Nation More advantage might be made of Silver Mines if regarded and better Mines found out More Coal Mines and Quarries of Freestone might be found out if looked after There is a kind of Rock-Salt they say lately discovered in the North of England Though Mines yield no more than wages for the labour yet it is great advantage to the Publick in setting people on work and besides gaining very profitable Materials 19. Forests IF the Forests of England were enclosed what a world of People would they give Estates to Gentlemen that want Bread now may then sit warm and be comforted it would give Estates to all the wanting people of the whole Nation for this Age and let the next find out something else in their Generation besides his Majesties Revenue might be much advanced by it also who might have three pence an Acre per annum on all Forest Lands enclosed also the more Lands we have inclosed and planted the more strong wealthy and populous we are but the less enclosed and planted the less strong and wealthy If Forests were enclosed the same Taxes would be a fourth part lighter than now they are to every body The Nation would be so much improved which is as good as joyning another Country to us for help also what store of new People would this breed for Trade War or Navigation What abundance of Farmers it would encrease and maintain many thousands of poor Labourers and abundance of Tradsemen also to supply the others with necessaries There would be several publick Offices and Employments for Ministers and others in every new Parish And there would be to this Nation in general abundance of gain and more maintenance for numbers of People there being above seventy Forests and Chases and several of them which are bigger than the Barbadoes besides abundance of Wasts and Commons It is observed that those Countries in England that are most enclosed and populous are most wealthy That which makes China also so remarkable is their great Husbanding and enclosing of their Country that they say there is no more Wasts besides the Roads in all that vast Dominion which makes it so infinite full of People Trade and Cities 20. Cutting of Rivers THis Nation might be greatly advantaged by cutting of Rivers and making them Navigable from one Town to another and so breed a good commerce where was none before as from London to Bristol which is very Feazable to be done From Farnam to Guilford Southampton to Winchester and from Maidstone higher into the Country and from Lincoln and in the North and West to many places In the North of England about Carlile it may be cut quite across and have course from Sea to

as building of Houses Colledges Bridges or the like Improving of Grounds cutting of Rivers discovering of Mines and digging of Quarries planting of Wood and many other things might be Invented also For we should endeavour still to bring in some new Trades that may produce employment For employ but a multitude of People any where in the Kingdom in such a way what ever it is that they may get their own lively-hoods and they shall all not only encrease the stock of the Nation but they shall bring great profit by the other Goods and Commodities which will of course be vended on them how much gain therefore are new Employments and Professions that not only maintain themselves and consume our own Commodities but also save Money in our Purses bring in riches and make us flourish in People Certainly the gain of it is incredible An● had we but store of People by Professions Employments Manufactures or any way we need not seek vend for our Cloath or Corn abroad fo● it would be consum'd at home at grea● rates And when once our own Nation were so populous and all in employment that the product of our Country could not supply them but we were forced to procure Commodities from abroad not by our own ill Husbandries but by the numerousness of our People then would our Trade arrive to a height and we to a flourishing Condition For there are several Mysteries and Employments that even Women nay Children of eight or nine years old would earn more Money than they spend As they say about Norwich the gain of their small Children exceeds their expences above twelve thousand pounds per annum Much advantages have been made in several Towns by setting uniformly to some Employment As at Manchester Lace Blanford Band-strings Sheffeild Knives Lancashire Fustians Ipswich the best Sails that ever were made Workensop Liquorish Farnhan Hopps Saffron-Walden Saffron Winchcomb Tobacco At Norwich Canterbury and Colchester as also in Spittle-fields and some Suburbs in London the making of all sorts of Stuffs Silks Sattins and Velvets which arrive to a great height Silks especially at Canterbury and the Suburbs of London and with little encouragement the Trade would be absolutely compleated At Maidstone they drive an excellent Trade only by Thread which within this thirty or forty years they did not vend above forty pounds a week now it is so increased that they vend a thousand pounds a week So also at Exeter they vend by relation many thousand pounds worth of Serges every week How profitable have the Dutch Collony been to Colchester by being entertain'd there about twenty years ago who setled a rich Trade of Stuffs there which since is extreamly advanced which was offered first to Malden who have lost much wealth by refusal of so brave a proffer In Foreign parts Embden in Hollan● sets forth seven hundred Busses yearly to the Fishing Trade Cambray maintains thousands of People in making of Cambrick Iper with Holland and at Courtray Diaper and Damask What an infinite of Tapistry-men are there at Arras Brussels and Delf Geneva wholly lives on their Silk Manufactury And Genoa in Italy maintains eighteen thousand People only in making Silk from the Worm In Grand Cairo in Egypt thousands of People live by hatching of Chickens in Stoves 23. Of Colledges of Manufactures and Enrichment of particular Parishes TO put in practice a thing beneficial to the Common-wealth it should be made as Universal as possible and that it be universal all particular Parishes ought to be employ'd in it So if it be but an employment of common Industry yet it will turn to a rich and profitable account Now Manufactories are so eminently advantageous that those of all things would do the business of a Nation being fit also for a general reception To which purpose 't were well if in every Parish they had a Colledge of Manufactures or some Art or other that would surely maintain the ordinary People in that Circuit And observe that those Parishes that have Forest or waste Land belonging to them it were well if a portion of it were set apart in this manner or the like to the publick good viz. Fourscore Acres to the Colledge of Manufactory allowing twenty Families in the Colledge each Family Lodgings for them and four Acres of Ground which they should have for the Manufacturing mans life Also there might be Glebe Lands allowed for all the publick Offices of the Parish beside as the Minister Schoolmaster and Clerk as also an allotment for the Poor of the Parish By this means there might be some provision of certainty They may advance them what besides they please In great Cities and Towns also it were good there were publick Colledges of Manufactures erected that should be bound to take in yearly so many hundred of poor People gratis The useful Manufactures Trades and Husbandries the People may be employ'd about are many viz. Cloath-Serge Stuffs Silk Sattins Velvets Tapistry Linen fine and coorse as Holland Cambrick Diaper Damask Sail-cloath Fustian all manner of Cotten Chamlet Drugget making Thread also Paper Latton Guilded Leather Gloves Ribbands Lace and many more As also Husbandries of Hops Orchards Bees Liquorish Saffron Tobacco Oad Madder the Saffe Flower Rape Nurseries Vineyards Cherry Gardens and all manner of Gardening So should the Country be enriched and the People maintain'd and all other Husbandry Commodities vend the better 24. Of Marriage and Populacy THE Country complains of small vend of Commodities which proceeds especially from want of People for our People were consum'd mightily in these late years some three hundred thousand were killed in the last Civil Wars and about two hundred thousand more have been wasted in re-peopling Ireland and two hundred thousand lost in the great Sickness and as many more gone to Plantations So that these things must bring us low of People Whereas did we Establish the Fishery Manufactures and inclosure it would quickly recruit us For we are able to contain twice the number of People we are meerly by Inclosures Though if we had but a million more of People than now we should quickly see how Trade and the vend of things would alter for the better And this would hinder people from going out of the Nation when they may have Land Preferment or Employment here Another way for increasing populacy is by encouraging all sorts of trading people to come and Inhabit here which is done by making all Nations free Denizens that will live here And why should not we as the Hollanders do at Amsterdam declare all the World to have freedom in our Nation as their own it would make us thrive infinitely and bring in all the Arts Manufactures and Ingenuity of Europe Some object they would breed a mixt Nation As for that they would signifie nothing as to the number of our own if it did why may not several Nations live under one Government as they do in Holland trading people value not that they love to

live where they are most secure Besides coming in by degrees they would not be considerable And generally they that come over are men that would Marry English Women so are English presently and are good Preferm●nt to ordinary Women being generally tradsemen and Manufacturing men as we see in many French and Dutch already that are perfectly English However in half an Age they would be as much English as our selves The old stock going off and the Children being born in England supplying their places and however at present live as quietly and are good Subjects and as great lovers of us and the Kingdom as others or else they would never leave their own Nation so formally to Inhabit here for all that do so leave their Country shew an extraordinary affection unto this place and so are by all means to be received and countenanced What ever they are before when once they come here to be under our Laws Customs and Government they are soon all one with us By this means also we should draw back our own English from Holland and all Europe esides and many of our Plantations also this and the Fishery would bring in an infinite Trade to England and so drein Holland of her Men Money and Merchandise that we should leave them bare of every profitable thing And no way can we be too hard for them like this for the Fishing Trade is that which clearly sets them up the one gets them great Numbers of People the other abundance of Money or exchange for all manner of Merchandises by this they get so much wealth from all Places Now if matters were regulated aright we should very much out do them in their own way this Island lies much better for Trade and is a much more pleasant and capacious Country for Inhabitants for they themselves had rather live and purchase Land here than there Land being cheaper more Seats to be bought and every thing more convenient for such Merchants that have gotten Estates in their own Country And if once they were settled and fixed here they would bring over millions of Money and many trading people also if they may be free Denizons with a toleration and priviledges sutable Another way of being populous is countenancing Marriage and a settled Life giving it many Priviledges more than either single or debauched persons and that none but Married persons be capable of any profitable Office or Preferment This is the very Original of the well being and continuance of Nations Upon this property Families and civil Government depends also Trade Riches Populacy and without this a Nation crumbles to nothing Besides Married People are more honest oeconomical and Industrious By the Laws of Lycurgus elderly Batchelors were banished the company of all civil and honest people Where a Nation is given to be Licentious they breed but few Children Lewd Women make away their Children or order it so they never have many And it is an ill Custom in many Country Parishes where they as much as they can hinder poor people from Marrying for at present they are the very stock and seminary of the Kingdom they marry apace and get a laborious hardy Generation which is best for a Nation They value not Portions so they are able to serve work or any way earn their living which is a brave humour For we ought to encrease the world for the publick good and to be contented in a mean and not sacrifice our thoughts to Ambition and were it not for these poor honest people we should be almost desolate Strictness of Matrimonial Laws and Penalties against lewdness breeds constancy and pleasure in lawful ties and hinders the very thoughts of loose designs making people follow their callings quietly and soberly when the pain of the Penalty spoils the sweet of Luxury and every honest man would be glad that by this means himself is also kept from such Vices otherwise he would be apt to commit There is a great complaint of many people flocking out beyond Sea to Plantations why is it not prevented it cannot be done by force for who can keep in such that are ready to starve for want of Bread wherefore it must be done by raising of Employments Professions and Trade for young persons and Children which would encourage People to get them For by that means we may employ twice the number of People that we have What makes New England Jamaica and the Plantations abroad increase so fast but because they have Employments and Estates for all People and no poor among them which encourages People to come from abroad and their own People to Marry and get Children when they know as soon as they are grown up they can give every Child an Estate by setting them out so many Acres in a fresh Plantation so they increase ad infinitum till they have stockt the Islands and Country full as they have in Barbadoes which Island being not above twenty eight Miles long and fourteen Miles broad yet by relation contains fifty thousand English besides twice as many Blacks And if we did set up Manufactures and inclose the Forests we should populate as much we having several Forests bigger than the Barbadoes And great Estates should not be desired to leave Children but so much as to help Industry Why should not Ingenious persons by publick establishment be allowed forty or fifty Acres to a Family out of these Lands which are now more charges than benefit How brave a provision this would be for ruined Families and improvement to the riches populacy and grandeur of the Nation Who can blame people to go beyond Seas when they cannot live here it is meer need and force that drives them out of the Kingdom And it is a sign of great Ingenuity that they will go and strive to live any where England is not half Peopled and yet we find not employment for those we have Therefore judge you how it would encrease people and employments if the Forests were inclosed and how many people lie wanting now that this would help and relieve 25. Kings Revenue Taxes Customs IT is a great strength and advance also to a Nation to allow the Prince a considerable Revenue for so will he be able to countenance his Subjects and defend them from all assaults And the keeping a plentiful Court some small Forces and Navy gives good Preferment to the Subjects but Taxes were better raised any way than from the Land for that drives the Money out of the Country which seldom or never returns And is hard to be got to it upon any occasion but it would be great advantage to his Majestie and gratifie his Subjects infinitly if he could get a considerable Revenue some where from without by which means his own people might be eased at home which would bind them to him Eternally besides the great advantage it would be to the Nation by such a yearly Income of Silver continually and questionless the King of England might have