Selected quad for the lemma: land_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
land_n	acre_n	meadow_n	message_n	2,884	5	10.3961	5	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A80192	The Second part of Modern reports, being a collection of several special cases most of them adjudged in the Court of Common Pleas, in the 26, 27, 28, 29, & 30th years of the reign of King Charles II. when Sir. Fra. North was Chief Justice of the said court. : To which are added, several select cases in the Courts of Chancery, King's-Bench, and Exchequer in the said years. / Carefully collected by a learned hand.	Colquitt, Anthony.; Washington, Joseph, d. 1694.; Great Britain. Court of Exchequer.; England and Wales. Court of Common Pleas.; England and Wales. Court of Chancery.; England and Wales. Court of King's Bench.	1698 (1698)	Wing C5416; ESTC R171454	291,993	354

that_o he_o be_v seize_v of_o a_o mesuage_n and_o several_a land_n in_o the_o parish_n of_o dale_n and_o that_o he_o and_o all_o those_o who_o estate_n he_o have_v have_v use_v to_o have_v right_a of_o common_a for_o all_o commonable_a cattle_n levant_n and_o couchant_a upon_o the_o premise_n in_o a_o certain_a meadow_n there_o call_v darpmore_n meadow_n and_o in_o a_o certain_a place_n call_v cannock_n wood._n that_o the_o defendant_n praemissorum_fw-la non_fw-la ignarus_fw-la have_v enclose_v the_o say_v place_n in_o which_o the_o plaintiff_n have_v right_a of_o common_a and_o likewise_o put_v in_o his_o cattle_n as_o horse_n cow_n hog_n goose_n etc._n etc._n so_o that_o he_o can_v not_o in_o tam_fw-la amplo_fw-la &_o beneficiali_fw-la modo_fw-la enjoy_v the_o same_o the_o defendant_n as_o to_o the_o enclosure_n and_o put_v in_o of_o his_o hog_n and_o goose_n plead_v not_o guilty_a and_o as_o to_o the_o residue_n that_o the_o lord_n paget_n be_v seize_v of_o a_o mesuage_n 300_o acre_n of_o land_n 40_o acre_n of_o meadow_n and_o 100_o acre_n of_o pasture_n and_o likewise_o of_o darpmore_n meadow_n and_o cannock_n wood_n and_o be_v so_o seize_v do_v by_o deed_n of_o bargain_n and_o sale_n enroll_v in_o consideration_n of_o 2000_o l._n convey_v the_o say_v mesuage_v 300_o acre_n of_o land_n 40_o acre_n of_o meadow_n and_o 100_o acre_n of_o pasture_n to_o the_o defendant_n and_o his_o heir_n and_o by_o the_o same_o deed_n do_v grant_n unto_o he_o all_o way_n commons_o and_o emolument_n whatsoever_o to_o the_o say_v mesuage_v and_o premise_n belong_v or_o therewithal_o use_v occupy_v or_o enjoy_v or_o take_v as_o part_n parcel_n or_o member_n thereof_o virtute_fw-la cujus_fw-la the_o defendant_n become_v seize_v of_o the_o premise_n and_o that_o the_o same_o be_v lease_v and_o demise_v for_o year_n by_o the_o say_a lord_n paget_n and_o all_o those_o who_o estate_n he_o have_v a_o tempore_fw-la cujus_fw-la contrarii_fw-la memoria_fw-la hominum_fw-la non_fw-la existit_fw-la and_o that_o the_o tenant_n or_o occupier_n thereof_o a_o tempore_fw-la cujus_fw-la etc._n etc._n use_v to_o have_v common_a in_o darpmore_n meadow_n and_o cannock_n wood_n for_o all_o commonable_a cattle_n levant_n and_o couchant_a upon_o the_o premise_n and_o use_v to_o put_v in_o their_o cattle_n into_o the_o say_a place_n in_o which_o etc._n etc._n virtute_fw-la cujus_fw-la the_o defendant_n have_v right_o do_v put_v in_o his_o say_a cattle_n into_o the_o say_a place_n to_o take_v common_a there_o and_o aver_v that_o there_o be_v common_a sufficient_a both_o for_o the_o plaintiff_n and_o himself_o to_o this_o plea_n the_o plaintiff_n demur_v this_o case_n be_v argue_v by_o sergeant_n pemberton_n for_o the_o plaintiff_n and_o by_o sergeant_n weston_n for_o the_o defendant_n quer._n exit_fw-la parte_fw-la quer._n and_o for_o the_o plaintiff_n it_o be_v say_v that_o it_o be_v no_o good_a plea_n but_o rather_o a_o design_n to_o introduce_v a_o new_a way_n of_o common_a the_o reason_n offer_v why_o the_o plea_n be_v not_o good_a be_v 1._o 419._o cro._n car._n 419._o that_o the_o defendant_n can_v not_o prescribe_v because_o of_o the_o unity_n of_o possession_n for_o the_o lord_n paget_n have_v the_o premise_n in_o and_o to_o which_o etc._n etc._n and_o therefore_o he_o have_v prescribe_v by_o a_o collateral_a matter_n viz._n by_o allege_v that_o the_o land_n be_v usual_o let_v to_o tenant_n for_o year_n but_o do_v not_o say_v whether_o they_o be_v tenant_n by_o copy_n of_o court_n roll_n or_o not_o neither_o do_v he_o make_v out_o any_o title_n in_o they_o in_o some_o case_n where_o a_o man_n be_v not_o privy_a to_o the_o title_n he_o may_v say_v general_o that_o the_o owner_n and_o occupier_n use_v to_o do_v such_o a_o thing_n etc._n etc._n and_o this_o way_n of_o plead_v may_v be_v good_a but_o here_o the_o defendant_n claim_v under_o they_o aught_o to_o set_v forth_o their_o title_n or_o else_o he_o can_v have_v no_o right_n to_o the_o common_a 2._o by_o this_o plea_n he_o intend_v that_o the_o lord_n paget_n have_v make_v a_o new_a grant_n of_o this_o common_a for_o he_o set_v forth_o that_o he_o grant_v the_o premise_n and_o all_o commons_o use_v with_o the_o same_o and_o so_o will_v entitle_v himself_o to_o a_o right_n of_o common_a in_o those_o two_o place_n as_o if_o common_a have_v be_v express_o grant_v to_o he_o there_o which_o if_o it_o shall_v it_o be_v but_o argumentative_a and_o no_o direct_a affirmance_n of_o a_o grant_n upon_o which_o the_o plaintiff_n may_v have_v reply_v non_fw-la concessit_fw-la for_o no_o issue_n can_v be_v join_v upon_o it_o 3._o he_o ought_v to_o have_v set_v forth_o that_o the_o tenant_n lawful_o enjoy_v the_o common_a there_o but_o he_o lay_v only_o a_o usage_n to_o have_v common_a which_o may_v be_v tortuous_a 4._o he_o do_v not_o say_v that_o there_o be_v sufficient_a common_a for_o all_o the_o commoner_n but_o only_o for_o the_o plaintiff_n and_o himself_o it_o be_v true_a the_o owner_n of_o the_o soil_n may_v feed_v with_o his_o tenant_n who_o have_v a_o right_a of_o common_a but_o he_o can_v derogate_v from_o the_o first_o by_o streightning_n the_o common_a by_o a_o second_o grant_v and_o so_o leave_v not_o sufficint_v for_o the_o tenant_n 5._o this_o plea_n amount_v to_o the_o general_n issue_n 157._o cro._n car._n 157._o and_o the_o plaintiff_n have_v special_o assign_v that_o for_o a_o cause_n of_o demurrer_n for_o he_o say_v that_o the_o defendant_n without_o any_o title_n put_v in_o his_o cattle_n by_o which_o the_o plaintiff_n have_v not_o sufficient_a common_a and_o the_o defendant_n plead_v he_o put_v in_o his_o cattle_n rightful_o and_o the_o plaintiff_n have_v common_a enough_o which_o if_o it_o signify_v any_o thing_n must_v amount_v to_o not_o guilty_a def._n exit_fw-la parte_fw-la def._n but_o on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o last_o objection_n be_v endeavour_v to_o be_v answer_v first_o because_o if_o that_o hold_n yet_o if_o the_o plea_n be_v never_o so_o good_a in_o substance_n the_o plaintiff_n will_v have_v judgement_n it_o be_v agree_v that_o this_o plea_n do_v amount_v to_o a_o general_n issue_n and_o no_o more_o but_o that_o every_o plea_n that_o do_v so_o be_v not_o therefore_o bad_a for_o if_o it_o otherwise_o contain_v reasonable_a matter_n of_o law_n which_o be_v put_v upon_o the_o court_n for_o their_o judgement_n rather_o than_o refer_v to_o the_o jury_n there_o be_v be_v no_o cause_n of_o demurrer_n for_o it_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n to_o have_v the_o doubt_n or_o question_n in_o law_n before_o the_o judge_n in_o plead_v as_o to_o have_v it_o before_o they_o upon_o a_o special_a verdict_n in_o 2_o r._n 2._o 18._o a_o retainer_n be_v plead_v special_o by_o a_o administrator_n which_o be_v no_o more_o than_o plene_fw-la administravit_fw-la yet_o no_o demurrer_n but_o the_o book_n say_v that_o the_o court_n ought_v to_o be_v move_v 2._o the_o plea_n be_v good_a as_o to_o the_o matter_n of_o it_o for_o the_o defendant_n claim_v the_o same_o common_a by_o his_o grant_n which_o have_v be_v use_v time_n immemorial_n and_o allege_v it_o to_o be_v of_o all_o common_a use_v with_o the_o premise_n and_o this_o be_v a_o common_a so_o use_v in_o trespass_n the_o defendant_n justify_v that_o godfrey_n be_v seize_v in_o fee_n of_o a_o house_n and_o of_o 20_o acre_n of_o land_n and_o that_o he_o and_o all_o those_o etc._n etc._n have_v common_a in_o the_o place_n where_o etc._n etc._n to_o the_o say_a message_n belong_v and_o that_o he_o make_v a_o feoffment_n to_o bradshaw_n of_o the_o same_o who_o make_v a_o lease_n thereof_o to_o the_o defendant_n with_o all_o profit_n and_o commodity_n thereunto_o belong_v vel_fw-la occupo_fw-la vel_fw-la usitat_fw-la cum_fw-la praedicto_fw-la mesuagio_fw-it it_o be_v adjudge_v that_o though_o the_o common_a be_v go_v and_o extinct_a in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o feoffor_a by_o the_o unity_n of_o the_o possession_n yet_o those_o word_n be_v a_o good_a grant_n of_o a_o new_a common_a for_o the_o time_n grant_v in_o the_o lease_n and_o that_o it_o be_v quasi_fw-la a_o common_a in_o the_o hand_n of_o godfrey_n the_o feoffor_a cro._n eliz._n 570._o godfrey_n versus_fw-la eyre_n and_o though_o it_o have_v be_v object_v that_o this_o plea_n be_v not_o formal_o plead_v because_o it_o ought_v to_o have_v be_v direct_a in_o allege_v a_o grant_n whereas_o it_o be_v only_o argumentative_a and_o bring_v in_o by_o a_o side_n wind_n he_o say_v that_o as_o bad_a as_o it_o be_v it_o be_v draw_v by_o that_o sergeant_n who_o argue_v against_o he_o and_o who_o do_v very_o well_o know_v that_o the_o averment_n of_o sufficiency_n of_o common_a be_v needless_a curia_fw-la curia_fw-la the_o court_n be_v all_o of_o opinion_n that_o though_o the_o plea_n do_v amount_v to_o the_o general_a issue_n yet_o for_o that_o

the_o space_n of_o 14_o day_n after_o complaint_n make_v than_o the_o sub-commissioner_n of_o the_o excise_n be_v to_o determine_v the_o same_o from_o who_o no_o appeal_n do_v lie_v to_o the_o justice_n of_o the_o peace_n at_o their_o next_o session_n which_o commissioner_n of_o excise_n justice_n of_o the_o peace_n and_o sub-commissioner_n among_o other_o thing_n be_v enable_v by_o the_o say_a act_n to_o issue_n out_o warrant_v under_o their_o hand_n etc._n etc._n to_o levy_v the_o forfeiture_n and_o so_o justify_v the_o entry_n under_o a_o warrant_n from_o the_o sub-commissioner_n three_o justice_n have_v refuse_v to_o hear_v and_o determine_v this_o offence_n to_o this_o plea_n the_o plaintiff_n demur_v and_o have_v judgement_n in_o the_o court_n of_o kings-bench_n and_o a_o writ_n of_o inquiry_n of_o damage_n be_v execute_v and_o 750_o l._n damage_n give_v and_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o the_o defendant_n can_v not_o move_v to_o set_v aside_o the_o judgement_n in_o that_o term_n it_o be_v give_v because_o the_o writ_n of_o inquiry_n be_v execute_v the_o last_o day_n of_o the_o term_n and_o the_o court_n do_v immediate_o rise_v and_o that_o he_o can_v not_o move_v the_o next_o term_n because_o the_o judgement_n be_v give_v the_o term_n before_o the_o writ_n of_o error_n be_v bring_v the_o attorney_n general_n therefore_o say_v that_o this_o be_v a_o hard_a case_n and_o desire_v a_o note_n of_o the_o exception_n to_o the_o plea_n which_o he_o will_v endeavour_v to_o maintain_v which_o mr._n pollexfen_n give_v he_o and_o then_o he_o desire_v time_n to_o answer_v they_o the_o exception_n to_o the_o plea_n upon_o which_o the_o judgement_n be_v give_v be_v this_o viz._n the_o act_n give_v no_o power_n to_o the_o sub-commissioner_n to_o hear_v and_o determine_v the_o offence_n and_o so_o to_o issue_v out_o warrant_v for_o the_o forfeiture_n but_o where_o the_o justice_n or_o any_o two_o of_o they_o refuse_v and_o though_o it_o be_v say_v by_o the_o defendant_n that_o three_o refuse_v yet_o it_o be_v not_o say_v that_o two_o do_v refuse_v for_o there_o be_v a_o great_a difference_n between_o the_o allegation_n of_o a_o thing_n in_o the_o affirmative_a and_o in_o the_o negative_a for_o if_o i_o affirm_v that_o a._n b._n c._n do_v such_o a_o thing_n that_o affirmation_n go_v to_o all_o of_o they_o but_o negative_o it_o will_v not_o hold_v for_o if_o i_o say_v a._n b._n c._n do_v not_o such_o a_o thing_n there_o i_o must_v add_v nec_fw-la eorum_fw-la aliquis_fw-la so_o if_o a_o action_n be_v bring_v against_o several_a man_n and_o a_o nolle_n prosequi_fw-la be_v enter_v as_o to_o one_o and_o a_o writ_n of_o enquiry_n award_v against_o the_o rest_n which_o recite_v that_o the_o plaintiff_n do_v by_o bill_n implead_v name_v those_o only_a against_o who_o the_o inquiry_n be_v award_v and_o leave_v out_o he_o who_o get_v the_o nolle_n prosequi_fw-la this_o be_v a_o variance_n for_o it_o shall_v have_v be_v bring_v against_o they_o all_o it_o be_v true_a where_o a_o judgement_n be_v recite_v it_o be_v enough_o to_o mention_v those_o only_a against_o who_o it_o be_v have_v but_o the_o declaration_n must_v be_v against_o all_o so_o in_o a_o writ_n of_o error_n if_o one_o be_v dead_a he_o must_v be_v name_v and_o so_o the_o justice_n ought_v all_o to_o be_v name_v in_o this_o case_n viz._n that_o the_o three_o next_o justice_n do_v not_o hear_v and_o determine_v this_o offence_n nec_fw-la eorum_fw-la aliquis_fw-la wells_n versus_fw-la wright_n in_o communi_fw-la banco_n debt_n upon_o bond_n condition_v good_a bond_n with_o a_o insensible_a condition_n good_a that_o if_o the_o obligée_n shall_v pay_v 20_o l._n in_o manner_n and_o form_n follow_v that_o be_v to_o say_v 5_o l._n upon_o four_o several_a day_n therein_o name_v but_o if_o default_n shall_v be_v make_v in_o any_o of_o the_o payment_n than_o the_o say_a obligation_n shall_v be_v void_a or_o otherwise_o to_o stand_v in_o full_a force_n and_o virtue_n the_o defendant_n plead_v that_o tali_fw-la die_fw-la etc._n etc._n non_fw-la solvit_fw-la 5_o l._n etc._n etc._n and_o upon_o this_o the_o plaintiff_n demur_v barrel_n sergeant_n the_o first_o part_n of_o the_o condition_n be_v good_a which_o be_v to_o pay_v the_o money_n and_o the_o other_o be_v surplusage_n void_a and_o insensible_a but_o if_o it_o be_v not_o void_a it_o may_v be_v good_a by_o transspose_v thus_o viz._n if_o he_o do_v pay_v than_o the_o obligation_n shall_v be_v void_a if_o default_n shall_v be_v make_v in_o payment_n then_o it_o shall_v be_v good_a and_o for_o authority_n in_o the_o point_n the_o case_n of_o vernon_n and_o alsop_n be_v cite_v 79._o sid._n 105._o 1_o sand._n 66._o 2_o sand._n 79._o hill_n 14_o car._n 2._o rot._n 1786._o in_o b._n r._n where_o the_o condition_n be_v that_o if_o the_o obligée_v pay_v 2_o s._n per_fw-la week_n until_o the_o sum_n of_o 7_o l._n 10_o s._n be_v pay_v viz._n on_o every_o saturday_n and_o if_o he_o fail_v in_o payment_n at_o any_o one_o day_n that_o the_o bond_n shall_v be_v void_a and_o upon_o the_o like_a plea_n and_o demurrer_n as_o here_o it_o be_v adjudge_v that_o the_o obligation_n be_v single_a and_o the_o condition_n repugnant_a the_o court_n be_v all_o of_o opinion_n that_o judgement_n shall_v be_v give_v for_o the_o plaintiff_n and_o the_o chief_a justice_n say_v that_o he_o doubt_v whether_o the_o case_n of_o 39_o h._n 6._o 9_o 10._o be_v law_n brittam_n versus_fw-la charnock_n asset_n where_o the_o the_o heir_n take_v by_o the_o will_n with_o a_o charge_n he_o be_v a_o purchaser_n and_o the_o land_n shall_v not_o be_v asset_n debt_n upon_o bond_n against_o the_o defendant_n as_o heir_n upon_o riens_fw-la per_fw-la descent_n plead_v the_o jury_n find_v a_o special_a verdict_n in_o which_o the_o case_n be_v viz._n the_o father_n be_v seize_v of_o a_o message_n and_o three_o acre_n of_o land_n in_o fee_n and_o devise_v the_o same_o to_o his_o elder_a son_n the_o defendant_n and_o his_o heir_n within_o four_o year_n after_o his_o decease_n provide_v the_o son_n pay_v 20_o l._n to_o the_o executrix_n towards_o the_o payment_n of_o the_o testator_n debt_n and_o then_o he_o devise_v his_o other_o land_n to_o be_v sell_v for_o payment_n of_o debt_n etc._n etc._n the_o father_n die_v the_o son_n pay_v the_o 20_o l._n and_o if_o this_o message_n etc._n etc._n be_v asset_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o defendant_n be_v the_o question_n 271._o cro._n car._n 161._o cro._n eliz._n 431._o 833._o vaugh._n 271._o that_o it_o be_v not_o asset_n it_o be_v say_v because_o the_o heir_n shall_v not_o take_v by_o descent_n but_o by_o purchase_n for_o the_o word_n pay_v be_v no_o condition_n if_o it_o shall_v the_o heir_n be_v to_o enter_v for_o the_o breach_n and_o that_o be_v the_o defendant_n himself_o and_o for_o that_o reason_n it_o shall_v be_v a_o limitation_n antea_fw-la southcot_n and_o stowel_n antea_fw-la it_o be_v true_a where_o there_o be_v no_o alteration_n of_o the_o estate_n the_o heir_n must_v take_v by_o descent_n but_o in_o this_o case_n there_o be_v a_o alteration_n of_o the_o estate_n from_o what_o be_v direct_v by_o the_o law_n viz._n the_o manner_n how_o he_o shall_v come_v by_o the_o estate_n for_o no_o fee_n pass_v to_o he_o during_o the_o four_o year_n but_o this_o be_v deny_v by_o sergeant_n pemberton_n for_o he_o say_v if_o a_o devise_v be_v of_o land_n to_o one_o and_o his_o heir_n within_o four_o year_n it_o be_v a_o present_a devise_n and_o if_o such_o be_v make_v to_o the_o heir_n it_o be_v a_o descent_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n and_o those_o word_n within_o four_o year_n be_v void_a so_o that_o the_o question_n will_v be_v whether_o the_o word_n pay_v will_v make_v the_o heir_n a_o purchaser_n and_o he_o hold_v it_o will_v not_o he_o agree_v that_o it_o be_v usual_a to_o make_v that_o a_o word_n of_o limitation_n and_o not_o a_o condition_n when_o the_o devise_n be_v to_o the_o heir_n and_o therefore_o in_o a_o devise_n to_o the_o heir_n at_o law_n in_o fee_n he_o shall_v take_v by_o descent_n styles_n rep._n 148._o but_o if_o this_o be_v neither_o a_o condition_n or_o limitation_n it_o be_v a_o charge_n upon_o the_o land_n and_o such_o a_o charge_n as_o the_o heir_n can_v avoid_v in_o equity_n north_n chief_a justice_n and_o atkins_n where_o the_o heir_n take_v by_o a_o will_n with_o a_o charge_n as_o in_o this_o case_n he_o do_v not_o take_v by_o descent_n but_o by_o purchase_n and_o therefore_o this_o be_v no_o asset_n moor_n versus_fw-la pit_n special_a verdict_n in_o ejectment_n the_o case_n be_v this_o right_n surrender_v of_o a_o copyhold_n to_o a_o disseisor_n whether_o good_a to_o extinguish_v the_o right_n viz._n a_o copyholder_n for_o life_n the_o remainder_n for_o life_n he_o in_o

of_o record_n the_o proceed_n may_v be_v deny_v and_o try_v by_o jury._n but_o the_o court_n incline_v that_o it_o be_v plead_v well_o enough_o and_o that_o it_o be_v the_o safe_a way_n to_o prevent_v mistake_n but_o if_o the_o plaintiff_n have_v reply_v de_fw-la injuria_fw-la sva_fw-la propria_fw-la absque_fw-la tali_fw-la causa_fw-la that_o have_v traverse_v all_o the_o proceed_n quaere_fw-la whither_o such_o a_o replication_n have_v be_v good_a because_o the_o plaintiff_n must_v answer_v particular_o that_o authority_n which_o the_o defendant_n pretend_v to_o have_v from_o the_o court_n but_o no_o judgement_n be_v give_v sherrard_n versus_fw-la smith_n trespass_n quare_fw-la clausum_fw-la fregit_fw-la and_o for_o take_v away_o his_o good_n the_o defendant_n justify_v the_o take_n by_o the_o command_n of_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o manor_n of_o which_o the_o plaintiff_n hold_v by_o fealty_n and_o rent_n and_o for_o nonpayment_n thereof_o the_o good_n be_v take_v nomine_fw-la districtionis_fw-la the_o plaintiff_n reply_v that_o the_o locus_fw-la in_o quo_fw-la est_fw-la extra_fw-la plead_v horse_n de_fw-fr son_fw-fr fee_fw-mi when_o to_o be_v plead_v absque_fw-la hoc_fw-la quod_fw-la est_fw-la infra_fw-la feodum_fw-la the_o defendant_n demur_n special_o because_o the_o plaintiff_n plead_v horse_n de_fw-fr son_fw-fr fee_n shall_v have_v take_v the_o tenancy_n upon_o he_o 9_o co._n bucknal_n case_n 22_o h._n 6._o 2_o 3._o keilway_o 73._o 14_o ass_n pl._n 13._o 1_o inst_z 1._o b._n where_o this_o be_v give_v as_o a_o rule_n by_o my_o lord_n cook_n sergeant_n pemberton_n on_o the_o other_o side_n agree_v 41._o exit_fw-la parte_fw-la quer._n 13_o assize_n 28._o 28_o assize_n 41._o that_o in_o all_o case_n of_o assize_n horse_n de_fw-fr son_fw-fr fee_n be_v no_o plea_n without_o take_v the_o tenancy_n upon_o he_o 2_o ass_n placito_fw-la 1._o and_o in_o 5_o e._n 4._o 2._o it_o be_v say_v that_o in_o replevin_n the_o party_n can_v plead_v this_o plea_n because_o he_o may_v disclaim_v but_o brook_n placito_fw-la 15._o tit_n horse_n de_fw-fr son_fw-fr fee_n say_v this_o be_v not_o law_n and_o so_o be_v 2_o h._n 6._o 1._o and_o many_o case_n afterward_o be_v against_o that_o book_n of_o ed._n 4._o and_o that_o a_o man_n may_v plead_v horse_n de_fw-fr son_fw-fr fee_fw-fr as_o if_o there_o be_v a_o lord_n and_o tenant_n hold_v by_o fealty_n and_o rent_n and_o he_o make_v a_o lease_n for_o year_n and_o the_o lord_n distrain_v the_o cattle_n of_o the_o lessee_n though_o the_o tenant_n have_v pay_v the_o rent_n and_o do_v fealty_n there_o if_o the_o lessee_n allege_v that_o his_o lessor_n be_v seize_v of_o the_o tenancy_n in_o his_o demesn_a as_o of_o fee_n and_o hold_v it_o of_o the_o lord_n by_o service_n etc._n etc._n of_o which_o service_n the_o lord_n be_v seize_v by_o the_o hand_n of_o his_o lessor_n as_o by_o his_o true_a tenant_n who_o have_v lease_v the_o land_n to_o the_o plaintiff_n and_o the_o lord_n to_o charge_v he_o have_v unjust_o avow_v upon_o he_o who_o have_v nothing_o in_o the_o tenancy_n it_o be_v well_o enough_o 9_o co._n case_n of_o avowry_n and_o the_o reason_n give_v in_o 5_o edw._n 4._o about_o disclaimer_n will_v not_o hold_v now_o for_o that_o course_n be_v quite_o alter_v and_o be_v take_v away_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 21_o h._n 8._o cap._n 19_o which_o enact_v that_o avowry_n shall_v be_v make_v by_o the_o lord_n upon_o the_o land_n without_o name_v his_o tenant_n but_o in_o case_n of_o trespass_n there_o be_v never_o any_o such_o thing_n object_v as_o here_o for_o what_o tenancy_n can_v the_o plaintiff_n take_v upon_o he_o in_o this_o case_n he_o can_v say_v tenen_fw-la '_o liberi_fw-la tenementi_fw-la for_o this_o be_v a_o bare_a action_n of_o trespass_n in_o which_o though_o the_o plead_n be_v not_o so_o formal_a yet_o it_o will_v do_v no_o hourt_z for_o if_o it_o have_v be_v only_o extra_fw-la feodum_fw-la without_o the_o traverse_n it_o have_v be_v good_a enough_o and_o of_o that_o opinion_n be_v the_o court_n in_o hillary-term_n follow_v when_o judgement_n be_v give_v for_o the_o plaintiff_n absente_a scroggs_n and_o the_o chief_a justice_n say_v that_o the_o rule_n lay_v down_o by_o my_o lord_n coke_n in_o 1_o inst_z 1._o b._n that_o there_o be_v no_o plead_v horse_n the_o son_n fee_n without_o take_v the_o tenancy_n upon_o he_o be_v to_o be_v intend_v in_o case_n of_o assize_n and_o so_o be_v all_o the_o case_n he_o there_o cite_v for_o proof_n of_o that_o opinion_n and_o therefore_o so_o he_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v but_o this_o be_v a_o action_n of_o trespass_n bring_v upon_o the_o possession_n and_o not_o upon_o the_o title_n in_o the_o case_n of_o avowry_n a_o stranger_n may_v plead_v general_o horse_n the_o son_n fee_n and_o so_o may_v tenant_n for_o year_n and_o this_o be_v in_o the_o case_n of_o a_o trespass_n be_v much_o strong_a and_o if_o the_o plaintiff_n destroy_v the_o defendant_n justification_n it_o be_v well_o enough_o sir_n william_n hickman_n versus_fw-la thorne_n &_o alios_fw-la traverse_n prescription_n against_o another_o prescription_n not_o good_a without_o a_o traverse_n in_o a_o replevin_n the_o defendant_n justify_v the_o take_n for_o that_o the_o locus_fw-la in_o quo_fw-la be_v his_o freehold_n and_o that_o he_o take_v the_o cattle_n there_o damage_n fesant_fw-mi the_o plaintiff_n in_o bar_n to_o the_o avowry_a reply_n that_o the_o locus_fw-la in_o quo_fw-la etc._n etc._n be_v parcel_n of_o such_o a_o common_a field_n and_o prescribe_v to_o have_v right_a of_o common_a there_o as_o appendant_a to_o two_o acre_n which_o he_o have_v in_o another_o place_n the_o defendant_n rejoin_v that_o there_o be_v a_o custom_n that_o every_o freeholder_n who_o have_v land_n lie_v together_o in_o the_o say_v common_a field_n may_v enclose_v against_o he_o who_o have_v right_a of_o common_a there_o and_o that_o he_o have_v land_n there_o and_o do_v enclose_v the_o plaintiff_n demur_n and_o sergeant_n newdigate_n take_v exception_n to_o the_o rejoynder_n quer._n exit_fw-la parte_fw-la quer._n 1._o for_o that_o he_o do_v not_o aver_v that_o the_o land_n which_o he_o enclose_v do_v lie_v together_o and_o therefore_o have_v not_o bring_v his_o case_n within_o the_o custom_n allege_v sed_fw-la non_fw-la allocatur_fw-la because_o he_o can_v not_o enclose_v if_o the_o land_n have_v not_o lay_v together_o 2._o he_o give_v no_o answer_n to_o the_o plaintiff_n right_a of_o common_a but_o by_o argument_n which_o he_o shall_v have_v confess_v with_o a_o be_v &_o verum_fw-la est_fw-la and_o then_o shall_v have_v avoid_v it_o by_o allege_v the_o custom_n of_o enclosure_n like_o the_o case_n of_o 209._o of_o 2_o leon._n 209._o russel_n and_o broker_n where_o in_o trespass_n for_o cut_v oak_n the_o defendant_n plead_v that_o he_o be_v seize_v of_o a_o message_n in_o fee_n and_o prescribe_v to_o have_v rationabile_fw-la estoverium_fw-la ad_fw-la libitum_fw-la capiend_n '_o in_o boscis_fw-la the_o plaintiff_n reply_v that_o the_o locus_fw-la in_o quo_fw-la be_v within_o the_o forest_n and_o that_o the_o defendant_n and_o all_o those_o etc._n etc._n habere_fw-la consueverunt_fw-la rationabile_fw-la estoverium_fw-la etc._n etc._n per_fw-la liberationem_fw-la forestarii_fw-la and_o upon_o a_o demurrer_n the_o replication_n be_v hold_v naught_o because_o the_o plaintiff_n ought_v to_o have_v plead_v the_o law_n of_o the_o forest_n viz._n lex_fw-la forestae_fw-la talis_fw-la est_fw-la or_o to_o have_v traverse_v the_o defendant_n prescription_n and_o not_o to_o have_v set_v forth_o another_o prescription_n in_o his_o replication_n without_o a_o traverse_n 3._o the_o defendant_n shall_v have_v plead_v the_o custom_n and_o then_o have_v traverse_v the_o prescription_n of_o the_o right_n of_o common_a for_o he_o can_v plead_v a_o custom_n against_o a_o custom_n 9_o co._n 58._o aldred_n case_n where_o one_o prescribe_v to_o have_v a_o light_n the_o other_o can_v prescribe_v to_o stop_v it_o up_o sergeant_n pemberton_n contra_fw-la def._n exit_fw-la parte_fw-la def._n he_o say_v that_o which_o he_o take_v to_o be_v the_o only_a question_n in_o the_o case_n be_v admit_v viz._n that_o such_o a_o custom_n as_o this_o to_o enclose_v be_v good_a and_o so_o it_o have_v be_v adjudge_v in_o sir_n miles_n corbet_n case_n 7_o co._n but_o as_o to_o the_o objection_n which_o have_v be_v make_v the_o defendant_n admit_v the_o prescription_n for_o right_a of_o common_a but_o say_v he_o may_v enclose_v against_o the_o commoner_n by_o reason_n of_o a_o custom_n which_o be_v a_o bar_n to_o his_o very_a right_n of_o common_a and_o therefore_o need_v not_o confess_v it_o with_o a_o be_v &_o verum_fw-la est_fw-la neither_o can_v he_o traverse_v the_o prescription_n because_o he_o have_v admit_v it_o it_o be_v true_a where_o one_o prescribe_v to_o have_v light_n in_o his_o house_n and_o another_o prescribe_v to_o stop_v they_o up_o this_o be_v not_o good_a because_o

one_o prescription_n be_v direct_o contrary_a to_o the_o other_o and_o for_o that_o reason_n one_o must_v be_v traverse_v but_o here_o the_o defendant_n have_v confess_v that_o the_o plaintiff_n have_v a_o right_a of_o common_a but_o it_o be_v not_o a_o absolute_a but_o a_o qualify_v right_o against_o which_o the_o defendant_n may_v enclose_v and_o here_o be_v two_o prescription_n plead_v and_o one_o of_o they_o not_o be_v confess_v it_o must_v from_o thence_o necessary_o follow_v that_o the_o other_o be_v the_o issue_n to_o be_v try_v which_o in_o this_o case_n be_v whether_o the_o defendant_n can_v enclose_v or_o not_o the_o chief_a justice_n and_o the_o whole_a court_n be_v of_o opinion_n curia_fw-la curia_fw-la that_o where_o there_o be_v several_a freeholders_n who_o have_v right_o of_o common_a in_o a_o common_a field_n that_o such_o a_o custom_n as_o this_o of_o enclose_v be_v good_a because_o the_o remedy_n be_v reciprocal_a for_o as_o one_o may_v enclose_v so_o may_v another_o but_o justice_n atkyns_n doubt_v much_o of_o the_o case_n at_o bar_n because_o the_o defendant_n have_v plead_v this_o custom_n to_o enclose_v in_o bar_n to_o a_o freeholder_n who_o have_v no_o land_n in_o the_o common_a field_n where_o he_o claim_v right_o of_o common_a but_o prescribe_v to_o have_v such_o right_n there_o as_o appendant_a to_o two_o acre_n of_o land_n he_o have_v alibi_fw-la for_o which_o reason_n he_o pray_v to_o amend_v upon_o payment_n of_o cost_v attorney_n general_n versus_fw-la sir_n edward_n turner_n in_o scaccario_n grant_n exposition_n of_o the_o king_n grant_n information_n the_o case_n be_v viz._n the_o king_n by_o letter_n patent_n grant_v several_a land_n in_o lincolnshire_n by_o express_a word_n and_o then_o this_o clause_n be_v add_v upon_o which_o the_o question_n do_v arise_v nec_fw-la non_fw-la totum_fw-la illud_fw-la fundum_fw-la &_o solum_fw-la &_o terras_fw-la svas_fw-la contigue_fw-la adjacen_n '_o to_o the_o premise_n quae_fw-la sunt_fw-la aqua_fw-la cooperta_fw-la vel_fw-la quae_fw-la in_o posterum_fw-la de_fw-la aqua_fw-la possunt_fw-la recuperari_fw-la and_o afterward_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o land_n be_v gain_v from_o the_o sea_n and_o whether_o the_o king_n or_o the_o patentee_n be_v entitle_v to_o those_o land_n be_v the_o question_n 194._o devise_v of_o a_o possibility_n good_a by_o a_o common_a person_n 2_o cro._n 509._o pl._n 21._o 1_o bul_v 194._o sawyer_n for_o the_o king_n argue_v that_o he_o have_v a_o good_a title_n because_o the_o grant_n be_v void_a he_o have_v only_o a_o bare_a possibility_n in_o the_o thing_n grant_v at_o the_o time_n but_o levins_n on_o the_o other_o side_n insist_v that_o the_o grant_v of_o those_o land_n be_v good_a because_o the_o king_n may_v grant_v what_o he_o have_v not_o in_o possession_n but_o only_o a_o possibility_n to_o have_v it_o but_o admit_v that_o he_o can_v not_o make_v such_o a_o grant_n yet_o in_o this_o case_n there_o be_v such_o a_o certainty_n as_o the_o thing_n itself_o be_v capable_a to_o have_v and_o in_o which_o the_o king_n have_v a_o interest_n and_o it_o be_v hard_o to_o say_v that_o he_o have_v a_o interest_n in_o a_o thing_n and_o yet_o can_v by_o any_o mean_n dispose_v of_o it_o if_o it_o shall_v be_v object_v that_o nothing_o be_v to_o pass_v but_o what_o be_v contigue_fw-la adjacen_n '_o to_o the_o premise_n grant_v and_o therefore_o a_o inch_n or_o some_o such_o small_a matter_n must_v pass_v and_o no_o more_o certain_o that_o be_v not_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o king_n who_o grant_n be_v to_o be_v construe_v favourable_o and_o very_o bountiful_o for_o his_o honour_n and_o not_o to_o be_v take_v by_o inch_n naylor_n postea_fw-la company_n of_o ironmonger_n and_o naylor_n if_o there_o be_v two_o marsh_n adjoin_v which_o be_v the_o king_n and_o he_o grant_v one_o of_o they_o by_o a_o particular_a name_n and_o description_n and_o then_o he_o grant_v the_o other_o contigue_fw-la adjacen_n '_o ex_fw-la parte_fw-la australi_fw-la certain_o the_o whole_a marsh_n will_v pass_v and_o it_o be_v very_o usual_a in_o plead_v to_o say_v a_o man_n be_v seize_v of_o a_o house_n or_o close_n and_o of_o another_o house_n etc._n etc._n contigue_fw-la adjacen_n '_o that_o be_v to_o be_v intend_v of_o the_o whole_a house_n in_o this_o case_n the_o king_n intend_v to_o pass_v something_o when_o he_o grant_v totum_fw-la fundum_fw-la etc._n etc._n but_o if_o such_o construction_n shall_v be_v make_v as_o insist_v on_o than_o those_o word_n will_v be_v of_o no_o signification_n it_o be_v true_a the_o word_n illud_fw-la be_v a_o relative_n and_o restrain_v the_o general_a word_n and_o imply_v that_o which_o may_v be_v show_v as_o it_o be_v with_o a_o finger_n and_o therefore_o in_o doddington_n case_n 32._o 2_o co._n 32._o a_o grant_n of_o omne_fw-la illa_fw-la mesuagia_fw-la situate_a in_o well_n and_o the_o house_n be_v not_o in_o wells_n but_o elsewhere_o the_o grant_v in_o that_o case_n be_v hold_v void_a because_o it_o be_v restrain_v to_o a_o certain_a village_n and_o the_o pronoun_n illa_fw-la have_v reference_n to_o the_o town_n but_o in_o this_o case_n there_o can_v be_v no_o such_o certainty_n because_o the_o land_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o grant_v make_v be_v under_o water_n but_o if_o the_o patent_n be_v not_o good_a by_o the_o very_a word_n of_o the_o grant_n the_o non_fw-la obstante_fw-la make_v it_o good_a which_o in_o this_o case_n be_v so_o particular_a that_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v design_v on_o purpose_n to_o answer_v those_o objection_n of_o any_o mistake_n or_o incertainty_n in_o the_o value_n quantity_n or_o quality_n of_o the_o thing_n grant_v which_o also_o supply_v the_o defect_n for_o want_n of_o right_a instruction_n give_v the_o king_n in_o all_o case_n where_o he_o may_v lawful_o make_v a_o grant_n at_o the_o common_a law_n 4_o co._n 34._o 571._o moor_n pl._n 571._o bozun_v case_n and_o there_o be_v another_o very_a general_a clause_n in_o the_o patent_n viz._n damus_fw-la praemissa_fw-la adeo_fw-la plene_fw-la as_o they_o be_v or_o can_v be_v in_o the_o king_n hand_n by_o his_o prerogative_n or_o otherwise_o ante_fw-la otherwise_o ante_fw-la adeo_fw-la plene_fw-la be_v operative_a word_n whistler_n case_v 10_o co._n and_o there_o be_v also_o this_o clause_n omnes_fw-la terras_fw-la nostras_fw-la infra_fw-la fluxum_fw-la &_o refluxum_fw-la maris_fw-la it_o be_v true_a 149._o sid._n 149._o these_o word_n praemissis_fw-la praed_fw-we '_o spectan_a '_o do_v follow_n from_o whence_o it_o may_v be_v object_v that_o they_o neither_o do_v or_o can_v belong_v to_o the_o premise_n and_o admit_v it_o to_o be_v so_o yet_o the_o law_n will_v reject_v those_o word_n rather_o than_o avoid_v the_o grant_n in_o that_o part_n in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o abbot_n of_o b._n of_o 9_o co._n 27._o b._n strata_n marcelia_n the_o king_n grant_v a_o manor_n et_fw-la bona_fw-la &_o catalla_fw-la felonum_fw-la dicto_fw-la manerio_fw-la spectan_n '_o now_o though_o such_o thing_n can_v not_o be_v appendant_a to_o a_o manor_n yet_o it_o be_v there_o adjudge_v that_o they_o do_v pass_v such_o thing_n as_o these_o the_o king_n have_v by_o his_o prerogative_n and_o some_o thing_n the_o subject_n may_v have_v by_o custom_n or_o prescription_n as_o wreck_n etc._n etc._n and_o in_o this_o very_a case_n it_o be_v say_v that_o there_o be_v a_o custom_n in_o lincolnshire_n that_o the_o lord_n of_o manor_n shall_v have_v derelict_n land_n and_o it_o be_v a_o reasonable_a custom_n for_o if_o the_o sea_n wash_v away_o the_o land_n of_o the_o subject_a he_o can_v have_v no_o recompense_n unless_o he_o shall_v be_v entitle_v to_o what_o he_o gain_v from_o the_o sea_n and_o for_o this_o there_o be_v some_o authority_n as_o sir_n henry_n constable_n case_n 168._o 2_o roll._n 168._o 5_o co._n land_n between_o high-water_n and_o low-water_n mark_n may_v belong_v to_o a_o manor_n but_o no_o judgement_n be_v give_v morris_n versus_fw-la philpot_n in_o b._n r._n probate_n release_v by_o a_o executor_n before_o probate_n the_o plaintiff_n as_o executor_n to_o t._n bring_v a_o action_n of_o debt_n against_o the_o defendant_n as_o administrator_n to_o s._n for_o a_o debt_n due_a from_o the_o say_v intestate_a to_o the_o plaintiff_n testator_n the_o defendant_n plead_v that_o the_o plaintiff_n release_v to_o he_o all_o brew_n vessel_n etc._n etc._n and_o all_o other_o the_o estate_n of_o s._n late_o decease_v this_o release_n be_v before_o probate_a of_o the_o will_n to_o which_o plea_n the_o plaintiff_n demur_v and_o whether_o this_o release_n be_v a_o good_a bar_n to_o the_o plaintiff_n action_n be_v the_o question_n quer._n exit_fw-la parte_fw-la quer._n it_o be_v say_v for_o the_o plaintiff_n that_o it_o be_v not_o for_o if_o a_o conusee_fw-fr release_n to_o the_o cognisor_n all_o his_o right_n and_o title_n to_o the_o land_n of_o the_o cognisor_n and_o afterward_o sue_v out_o

profit_n it_o be_v answer_v that_o the_o act_n take_v care_v that_o man_n shall_v not_o stop_v up_o their_o chimney_n when_o once_o make_v and_o that_o this_o duty_n be_v pay_v for_o many_o chimney_n which_o be_v never_o use_v and_o what_o profit_n can_v a_o man_n have_v of_o a_o chimney_n he_o never_o use_v if_o there_o have_v be_v a_o act_n that_o so_o much_o shall_v be_v pay_v for_o every_o window_n it_o be_v all_o one_o whether_o it_o have_v be_v for_o profit_n or_o pleasure_n or_o whether_o the_o window_n have_v be_v use_v or_o not_o and_o there_o be_v as_o much_o reason_n that_o a_o man_n shall_v pay_v for_o house_n never_o inhabit_a as_o for_o such_o as_o have_v be_v inhabit_a and_o be_v afterward_o without_o tenant_n this_o act_n ought_v therefore_o to_o receive_v a_o favourable_a construction_n the_o preamble_n whereof_o mention_n that_o it_o be_v for_o the_o increase_n of_o the_o king_n revenue_n which_o be_v pro_fw-la bono_fw-mi publico_fw-la and_o which_o be_v for_o the_o peace_n and_o prosperity_n of_o the_o nation_n and_o the_o protection_n of_o every_o single_a person_n therein_o and_o though_o a_o particular_a inconvenience_n may_v follow_v the_o party_n ought_v to_o submit_v when_o a_o man_n build_v a_o house_n he_o propose_v a_o profit_n and_o it_o be_v not_o fit_a the_o king_n duty_n shall_v be_v contingent_a and_o depend_v till_o he_o have_v provide_v himself_o of_o a_o tenant_n object_n as_o to_o the_o other_o objection_n that_o be_v much_o rely_v on_o viz._n where_o the_o act_n speak_v of_o a_o account_n to_o be_v give_v it_o mention_n both_o owner_n and_o occupier_n but_o where_o it_o direct_v the_o payment_n of_o the_o duty_n the_o occupy_a only_o be_v name_v by_o which_o it_o be_v infer_v that_o he_o alone_o be_v chargeable_a answ_n in_o 16_o car._n 2._o cap._n 3._o owner_n proprietor_n and_o occupier_n be_v use_v promiscuous_o wherein_o it_o be_v provide_v that_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v charge_v unless_o within_o two_o year_n after_o the_o duty_n accrue_v now_o if_o the_o owner_n be_v not_o chargeable_a why_o be_v he_o mention_v there_o as_o to_o the_o second_o point_n they_o conceive_v that_o the_o duty_n be_v payeable_a to_o the_o king_n he_o have_v a_o remedy_n by_o distress_n before_o the_o account_n be_v certify_v into_o the_o exchequer_n for_o the_o return_n be_v to_o inform_v the_o king_n what_o advantage_n he_o make_v of_o his_o revenue_n and_o no_o process_n issue_v upon_o it_o beside_o the_o act_n ve_v the_o duty_n in_o he_o from_o lady-day_n 1662._o and_o by_o reason_n of_o that_o he_o may_v distrain_v the_o king_n have_v no_o benefit_n by_o return_v of_o the_o account_n that_o be_v only_o intend_v to_o prevent_v his_o be_v cheat_v so_o that_o it_o be_v not_o to_o entitle_v but_o to_o inform_v he_o it_o be_v only_a to_o return_v a_o just_a and_o true_a account_n not_o but_o that_o it_o may_v be_v levy_v and_o the_o king_n entitle_v before_o and_o it_o be_v no_o inconvenience_n to_o the_o subject_a if_o there_o be_v no_o such_o account_n return_v for_o if_o the_o officer_n distrain_v for_o more_o hearth_n than_o in_o truth_n there_o be_v the_o subject_n have_v a_o proper_a remedy_n against_o he_o the_o king_n suffer_v when_o return_v be_v not_o make_v of_o such_o duty_n as_o he_o ought_v to_o have_v for_o the_o support_n of_o his_o dignity_n and_o because_o he_o be_v liable_a to_o be_v defraud_v in_o the_o manage_n of_o his_o duty_n be_v it_o reasonable_a that_o he_o shall_v lose_v all_o as_o to_o what_o be_v say_v of_o the_o king_n take_v by_o matter_n of_o record_n it_o be_v true_a if_o he_o divest_v a_o inheritance_n as_o in_o case_n of_o attainder_n it_o must_v be_v by_o record_n but_o here_o the_o very_a duty_n be_v give_v to_o he_o by_o the_o act_n itself_o which_o make_v it_o a_o different_a case_n if_o the_o king_n shall_v be_v seize_v in_o fee_n of_o a_o great_a be_v which_o happen_v to_o be_v improve_v by_o his_o tenant_n and_o thereby_o tithe_n become_v due_a it_o may_v be_v as_o well_o say_v that_o he_o shall_v have_v no_o tithe_n without_o record_n as_o to_o say_v he_o shall_v have_v no_o hearth-mony_n for_o house_n new_o erect_v whereby_o his_o revenue_n be_v increase_v for_o which_o reason_n judgement_n be_v pray_v for_o the_o defendant_n and_o upon_o the_o second_o argument_n judgement_n be_v give_v according_o for_o he_o curia_fw-la curia_fw-la that_o empty_a house_n be_v subject_a and_o liable_a to_o this_o duty_n astry_n versus_fw-la ballard_n in_o a_o action_n of_o trover_n and_o conversion_n for_o the_o take_n of_o coal_n upon_o not-guilty_a plead_v 71._o grant_n must_v be_v take_v according_a to_o common_a intendment_n jones_n 71._o the_o jury_n find_v a_o special_a verdict_n the_o case_n be_v thus_o viz._n that_o one_o j._n r._n be_v seize_v in_o fee_n of_o the_o manor_n of_o westerly_n and_o be_v so_o seize_v do_v demise_n all_o the_o message_n land_n tenement_n and_o hereditament_n that_o he_o have_v in_o the_o say_a manor_n for_o a_o term_n of_o year_n to_o n._n r._n in_o which_o demise_n there_o be_v a_o recital_n of_o a_o grant_n of_o the_o say_a manor_n message_n land_n tenement_n commons_o and_o mine_n but_o in_o the_o lease_n itself_o to_o r._n the_o word_n mine_n be_v leave_v out_o afterward_o the_o reversion_n be_v sell_v to_o the_o plaintiff_n astry_n and_o his_o heir_n by_o deed_n enroll_v and_o at_o the_o time_n of_o this_o demise_n there_o be_v certain_a mine_n of_o coal_n open_a and_o other_o which_o be_v not_o then_o open_a and_o the_o coal_n for_o which_o this_o action_n of_o trover_n be_v bring_v be_v dig_v by_o the_o lessee_n in_o those_o mine_n which_o be_v not_o open_a at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o lease_n and_o whether_o he_o have_v power_n so_o to_o do_v be_v the_o question_n it_o be_v say_v that_o when_o a_o man_n be_v seize_v of_o land_n wherein_o there_o be_v mine_n open_a and_z other_o not_o open_a and_o a_o lease_n be_v make_v of_o these_o land_n in_o which_o the_o mine_n be_v mention_v antea_fw-la antea_fw-la it_o be_v no_o new_a doctrine_n to_o say_v that_o the_o close_a mine_n shall_v not_o pass_v man_n grant_n must_v be_v take_v according_a to_o usual_a and_o common_a intendment_n and_o when_o word_n may_v be_v satisfy_v they_o shall_v not_o be_v strain_v far_a than_o they_o be_v general_o use_v for_o no_o violent_a construction_n shall_v be_v make_v to_o prejudice_v a_o man_n inheritance_n contrary_a to_o the_o plain_a meaning_n of_o the_o word_n a_o mine_n be_v not_o proper_o so_o call_v till_o it_o be_v open_v it_o be_v but_o a_o vein_n of_o coal_n before_o and_o this_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o my_o lord_n coke_n in_o point_n in_o his_o first_o inst_z 54._o b._n where_o he_o tell_v we_o 816._o 5_o co._n 12._o sanders_n case_n roll._n abr._n 2_o part_n 816._o that_o if_o a_o man_n demise_n land_n and_o mine_n some_o be_v open_v and_o other_o not_o the_o lessee_n may_v use_v the_o mine_n open_v but_o have_v no_o power_n to_o dig_v the_o unopened_a mine_n and_o of_o this_o opinion_n be_v the_o whole_a court_n and_o justice_n twisden_n say_v that_o he_o know_v no_o reason_n why_o my_o lord_n coke_n single_a opinion_n shall_v not_o be_v as_o good_a a_o authority_n as_o fitzherbert_n in_o his_o nat._n br._n or_o the_o doctor_n and_o student_n ipsley_n versus_fw-la turk_n in_o a_o writ_n of_o error_n upon_o a_o judgement_n in_o a_o inferior_a court_n 81._o what_o be_v admit_v in_o plead_v shall_v not_o be_v assign_v for_o error_n jones_n 81._o the_o error_n assign_v be_v that_o the_o mayor_n who_o be_v judge_n of_o the_o court_n do_v not_o receive_v the_o sacrament_n at_o any_o parish_n church_n nor_o file_v any_o certificate_n so_o that_o he_o be_v not_o mayor_n and_o judgement_n be_v give_v against_o the_o defendant_n before_o he_o it_o be_v therefore_o coram_fw-la non_fw-la judice_fw-la like_o the_o case_n of_o hatch_n and_o nichols_n roll._n abr._n 1_o part_n tit_n error_n 761._o where_o upon_o a_o writ_n of_o error_n bring_v upon_o a_o judgement_n in_o a_o inferior_a court_n the_o error_n assign_v be_v that_o the_o style_n of_o the_o court_n be_v curia_n tent_n coram_fw-la j._n s._n seneschallo_n who_o be_v not_o steward_n and_o that_o be_v hold_v to_o be_v a_o error_n in_o fact_n but_o on_o the_o other_o side_n it_o be_v insist_v that_o this_o be_v not_o error_n because_o the_o act_n of_o the_o mayor_n shall_v not_o be_v void_a as_o to_o stranger_n the_o statute_n of_o 25_o car._n 2._o cap._n 2._o for_o prevent_v of_o danger_n which_o may_v happen_v from_o popish_a recusant_n disable_v the_o party_n who_o be_v not_o qualify_v according_a to_o the_o act_n to_o hold_v a_o office_n and_o if_o he_o execute_v the_o same_o afterward_o

tenant_n to_o the_o praecipe_fw-la the_o statute_n shall_v be_v so_o construe_v that_o the_o intent_n of_o the_o party_n shall_v stand_v 5._o the_o land_n in_o the_o parish_n pass_v 83._o 1_o anders_n 83._o because_o the_o deed_n and_o common_a recovery_n make_v but_o one_o conveyance_n and_o assurance_n in_o the_o law_n and_o therefore_o as_o a_o construction_n be_v not_o to_o be_v make_v upon_o part_n but_o upon_o the_o whole_a deed_n so_o not_o upon_o the_o deed_n or_o recovery_n alone_o but_o upon_o both_o together_o 2_o co._n 75._o lord_n cromwel_n case_n 6._o antea_fw-la antea_fw-la it_o be_v the_o agreement_n of_o the_o party_n which_o govern_v fines_n and_o recovery_n and_o land_n shall_v pass_v by_o such_o name_n as_o be_v agree_v between_o they_o though_o such_o name_n be_v not_o proper_a and_o therefore_o a_o fine_a of_o a_o lieu_n conus_fw-la be_v good_a though_o neither_o vill_n or_o parish_n be_v name_v therein_o poph._n 22._o 1_o cro._n 270_o 276_o 693._o 2_o cro._n 574._o so_o if_o a_o fine_a be_v levy_v of_o a_o common_a of_o pasture_n in_o dale_n antea_fw-la cro._n car._n 308._o winch_n 122._o sid._n 190_o 191._o antea_fw-la it_o be_v good_a though_o dale_n be_v neither_o vill_n or_o hamlet_n or_o lieu_fw-fr conus_fw-la out_o of_o a_o vill_n 2_o roll._n abr._n f._n 19_o so_o in_o sir_n george_n symonds_n his_o case_n land_n as_o parcel_n of_o a_o manor_n be_v adjudge_v to_o pass_v though_o in_o truth_n they_o be_v use_v with_o the_o manor_n but_o two_o year_n and_o the_o reason_n of_o all_o these_o case_n be_v because_o it_o be_v the_o agreement_n of_o the_o party_n that_o they_o shall_v pass_v object_n if_o it_o be_v object_v that_o all_o these_o authority_n be_v in_o case_n of_o fine_n but_o the_o case_n at_o bar_n be_v in_o a_o common_a recovery_n which_o make_v a_o great_a difference_n answ_n the_o proceed_n in_o both_o be_v amicable_a and_o not_o adversary_n and_o therefore_o as_o to_o this_o purpose_n there_o be_v no_o difference_n between_o they_o and_o for_o a_o authority_n in_o the_o point_n the_o case_n of_o lever_n and_o hosier_n be_v cite_v which_o be_v adjudge_v in_o this_o court_n trin._n 27_o car._n 2_o where_o the_o question_n be_v antea_fw-la antea_fw-la whether_o upon_o a_o common_a recovery_n suffer_v of_o land_n in_o the_o town_n of_o sale_n or_o the_o liberty_n thereof_o land_n lie_v in_o dale_n be_v a_o distinct_a vill_n in_o the_o parish_n of_o sale_n shall_v pass_v or_o not_o and_o after_o divers_a argument_n it_o be_v allow_v to_o be_v well_o enough_o be_v in_o the_o case_n of_o a_o common_a recovery_n and_o so_o be_v the_o case_n pasch_fw-mi 16_o car._n 2._o in_o b._n r._n in_o a_o special_a verdict_n the_o case_n be_v that_o sir_n thomas_n thinn_n be_v seize_v of_o the_o manor_n of_o buckland_n in_o tail_n and_o of_o twenty_o acre_n of_o land_n call_v and_o know_v by_o a_o particular_a name_n which_o twenty_o acre_n of_o land_n be_v in_o ed._n the_o 6th_n time_n repute_v parcel_n of_o the_o say_a manor_n and_o always_o use_v with_o it_o 190._o sid._n 190._o sell_v the_o say_a manor_n and_o all_o the_o land_n repute_v parcel_n thereof_o with_o the_o appurtenance_n of_o which_o he_o do_v suffer_v a_o common_a recovery_n and_o it_o be_v adjudge_v upon_o great_a consideration_n that_o though_o the_o recovery_n do_v not_o mention_v the_o twenty_o acre_n particular_o yet_o it_o do_v dock_n the_o entail_v thereof_o because_o the_o indenture_n which_o lead_v the_o use_v of_o the_o recovery_n be_v of_o the_o land_n repute_v parcel_n thereof_o or_o enjoy_v with_o it_o and_o that_o the_o shortness_n in_o the_o recovery_n be_v well_o supply_v by_o the_o deed_n in_o which_o case_n the_o court_n be_v guide_v by_o the_o resolution_n in_o sir_n george_n symond_n case_n vide_fw-la 6_o co._n sir_n moyle_n finch_n case_n the_o authority_n against_o this_o opinion_n be_v two_o hosie●_n antea_fw-la lever_n and_o hosie●_n 1._o that_o of_o stock_n versus_fw-la fox_n cro._n jac._n 120._o there_o be_v two_o vill_n walton_n and_o street_n in_o the_o parish_n of_o street_n and_o a_o fine_a be_v levy_v of_o land_n in_o street_n it_o be_v adjudge_v that_o the_o land_n in_o walton_n do_v not_o pass_v by_o this_o fine_a but_o there_o be_v another_o report_n of_o this_o very_a case_n by_o my_o lord_n chief_a justice_n roll_n in_o his_o abr._n tit_n grant_n 54._o where_o it_o be_v say_v if_o there_o be_v in_o the_o county_n of_o somerset_n the_o vill_n of_o street_n and_o the_o vill_n of_o waltham_n within_o the_o parish_n of_o street_n and_o a_o man_n be_v seize_v of_o land_n in_o the_o vill_n of_o street_n and_o of_o other_o land_n in_o the_o vill_n of_o waltham_n all_o within_o the_o parish_n of_o street_n and_o he_o bargain_n and_o sels_z all_o his_o land_n in_o street_n and_o have_v covenant_v to_o levy_v a_o fine_a do_v according_o levy_v it_o of_o land_n in_o street_n and_o do_v not_o mention_n either_o in_o the_o indenture_n or_o in_o the_o fine_a any_o land_n in_o waltham_n the_o land_n lie_v there_o shall_v not_o pass_v from_o which_o report_n there_o may_v be_v a_o fair_a inference_n make_v that_o it_o be_v the_o lord_n roll_v his_o opinion_n that_o if_o waltham_n have_v be_v name_v in_o the_o indenture_n though_o not_o in_o the_o fine_a the_o land_n will_v have_v pass_v and_o in_o this_o case_n the_o parish_n be_v name_v in_o the_o indenture_n of_o bargain_n and_o sale_n but_o beside_o in_o that_o case_n the_o party_n have_v land_n both_o in_o street_n and_o waltham_n and_o so_o the_o conveyance_n be_v not_o in_o vain_a as_o they_o must_v be_v here_o if_o the_o land_n in_o the_o parish_n do_v not_o pass_v antea_fw-la antea_fw-la 2._o the_o other_o case_n be_v that_o of_o baker_n and_o johnson_n in_o hutton_n 106._o but_o this_o case_n be_v quite_o different_a from_o that_o because_o there_o be_v neither_o vill_n or_o parish_n name_v in_o the_o indenture_n but_o here_o the_o indenture_n be_v right_a for_o the_o land_n be_v mention_v therein_o to_o lie_v in_o the_o parish_n etc._n etc._n and_o for_o these_o reason_n judgement_n be_v pray_v for_o the_o defendant_n this_o case_n be_v afterward_o argue_v in_o michaelmas-term_n follow_v by_o sergeant_n pemberton_n and_o maynard_n for_o the_o plaintiff_n who_o say_v quer._n exit_fw-la parte_fw-la quer._n that_o the_o government_n of_o this_o nation_n be_v ecclesiastical_a and_o civil_a the_o ecclesiastical_a run_v by_o parish_n and_o the_o civil_a by_o vill_n that_o a_o parish_n be_v constitute_v by_o the_o ecclesiastical_a power_n and_o may_v be_v alter_v by_o the_o king_n and_o ordinary_a of_o the_o place_n that_o the_o parson_n be_v superintendent_n of_o the_o parish_n and_o the_o constable_n of_o the_o vill_n which_o be_v also_o constitute_v by_o the_o civil_a magistrate_n and_o from_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o in_o real_a action_n which_o be_v adversary_n land_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v demand_v as_o lie_v in_o a_o parish_n but_o within_o a_o vill_n that_o be_v the_o place_n know_v to_o the_o civil_a jurisdiction_n and_o if_o a_o trespass_n which_o be_v local_a be_v lay_v at_o dale_n general_o there_o be_v both_o the_o parish_n and_o vill_n of_o dale_n the_o proof_n of_o the_o trespass_n do_v in_o the_o parish_n be_v not_o good_a for_o it_o must_v be_v at_o the_o villandras_n they_o agree_v that_o in_o convey_v of_o land_n a_o fine_a or_o common_a recovery_n of_o land_n in_o a_o parish_n or_o lieu_fw-fr conus_fw-la be_v good_a 2_o cro._n 574._o but_o if_o there_o be_v both_o a_o vill_n and_o a_o parish_n of_o the_o same_o name_n and_o several_o bound_v if_o the_o will_v be_v only_o name_v without_o the_o parish_n nothing_o do_v pass_v but_o what_o be_v in_o the_o vill_n because_o where_o a_o place_n be_v allege_v in_o plead_v it_o must_v be_v of_o a_o vill_n moor_n 710._o b._n 1_o inst_z 125._o b._n 2_o cro._n 121._o and_o this_o be_v the_o ancient_a way_n of_o demand_v land_n in_o a_o praecipe_fw-la quod_fw-la reddat_fw-la because_o of_o the_o notoriety_n of_o vill_n from_o whence_o visnes_n do_v arise_v and_o because_o the_o vill_n be_v more_o particular_a and_o of_o more_o certainty_n than_o a_o parish_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v requisite_a that_o the_o demandant_n shall_v be_v very_o particular_a in_o his_o demand_n that_o the_o tenant_n may_v know_v how_o to_o make_v his_o defence_n and_o the_o sheriff_n of_o what_o to_o deliver_v possession_n beside_o a_o vill_n be_v more_o ancient_a than_o a_o parish_n and_o land_n have_v be_v demand_v within_o they_o time_n out_o of_o mind_n so_o that_o the_o demand_v when_o it_o be_v doubtful_a of_o what_o it_o be_v make_v shall_v be_v suppose_v of_o that_o which_o be_v most_o ancient_a and_o such_o construction_n be_v most_o conformable_a to_o the_o like_a case_n