be_v write_v of_o their_o law_n custom_n and_o usage_n than_o what_o have_v be_v conquest_n be_v f._n 67.68_o etc._n etc._n of_o the_o saxon_n and_o what_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o ordinary_a saxon_n be_v before_o the_o conquest_n say_v in_o the_o first_o part_n of_o that_o history_n yet_o see_v all_o man_n of_o the_o long_a robe_n that_o do_v industrious_o write_v of_o or_o incident_o meet_v with_o they_o when_o they_o write_v of_o other_o thing_n and_o in_o their_o comment_n upon_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la and_o some_o other_o old_a statute_n do_v magnify_v and_o cry_v up_o the_o liberty_n and_o freedom_n of_o the_o ordinary_a people_n under_o the_o saxon_a king_n to_o such_o a_o degree_n as_o make_v they_o all_o petty_a prince_n or_o at_o least_o sharer_n in_o the_o government_n and_o that_o the_o common_a historian_n do_v report_v the_o same_o thing_n of_o they_o i_o shall_v from_o authentic_a and_o undeniable_a proof_n out_o of_o domesday_n book_n show_v they_o what_o real_o their_o condition_n be_v before_o and_o after_o the_o conquest_n essex_n afterward_o essex_n little_a domesday_n book_n which_o contain_v only_a essex_n norfolk_z and_z suffolk_z f._n 1._o b._n tâ—e_v same_o sort_n of_o man_n and_o of_o the_o same_o denomination_n before_o the_o conquest_n as_o afterward_o terra_fw-la regis_fw-la hundret_fw-la de_fw-la berdestapla_fw-la benflet_n tenuit_fw-la haroldus_n tempore_fw-la regis_fw-la edwardi_fw-la pro_fw-la uno_fw-la manerio_fw-la &_o pro_fw-la octo_fw-la hidis_fw-la modo_fw-la custodit_fw-la hoc_fw-la manerium_fw-la ranulphus_fw-la frater_fw-la ilgeri_fw-la in_o manu_fw-la regis_fw-la tunc_fw-la twelve_o villani_n modo_fw-la xxi_o semper_fw-la vi_fw-la bordarii_fw-la tunc_fw-la tres_fw-la servi_fw-la modo_fw-la tres_fw-la iij_o carucatae_fw-la in_o dominio_fw-la modo_fw-la ij_o tunc_fw-la xi_o carucae_fw-la hominum_fw-la modo_fw-la five_o triginta_fw-la acrae_fw-la silvae_fw-la pastura_fw-la 130_o ovibus_fw-la dimidium_fw-la molendini_fw-la etc._n etc._n harold_n hold_v benflet_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n for_o one_o manner_n and_o eight_o hide_n now_o ranulph_n fitz-ilg_a keep_v it_o in_o the_o king_n hand_n then_o that_o be_v in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n there_o be_v twelve_o villain_n now_o when_o the_o survey_n or_o domesday_n book_n be_v make_v one_o and_o twenty_o there_o be_v always_o that_o be_v then_o and_o now_o 6_o bordar_n than_o three_o servant_n and_o now_o three_o three_o carucate_n in_o demeasn_a now_o two_o then_o the_o man_n or_o tenant_n have_v eleven_o plough_n or_o eleven_o plough-land_n now_o five_o thirty_o acre_n of_o wood_n pasture_n for_o 130_o sheep_n half_o a_o mill_n etc._n etc._n witham_n ibidem_fw-la witham_n ibidem_fw-la tenuit_fw-la haroldus_n tempore_fw-la regis_fw-la edwardi_fw-la pro_fw-la uno_fw-la manerio_fw-la &_o pro_fw-la v._o hidis_fw-la modo_fw-la custodit_fw-la hoc_fw-la manerium_fw-la in_o manu_fw-la regis_fw-la petrus_n vicecome_v tunc_fw-la dvae_fw-la carucatae_fw-la in_o dominio_fw-la modo_fw-la tres_fw-la tunc_fw-la xxi_o villani_n modo_fw-la xv_o tunc_fw-la ix_o bordarii_fw-la modo_fw-la x._o tunc_fw-la sex_n servi_fw-la modo_fw-la ix_o tunc_fw-la xxxiii_o sochemani_n &_o modo_fw-la similiter_fw-la tunc_fw-la xviii_o carucae_fw-la hominum_fw-la modo_fw-la seven_o &_o haec_fw-la perditio_fw-la fuit_fw-la tempore_fw-la sueni_fw-la &_o baignardi_fw-la vicecomitum_fw-la &_o per_fw-la mortem_fw-la bestiarum_fw-la harold_n hold_v witham_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n for_o one_o manner_n and_o for_o five_o hide_n now_o peter_n the_o sheriff_n keep_v it_o in_o the_o king_n hand_n then_o there_o be_v two_o carucate_n in_o demeasn_a now_o three_o then_o there_o be_v twenty_o one_o villain_n now_o fifteen_o then_o 9_o bordar_n now_o 10._o then_o six_o servant_n now_o 9_o then_o there_o be_v three_o and_o twenty_o socman_n now_o the_o same_o number_n then_o the_o man_n or_o tenant_n have_v 18_o plough_n now_o 7._o and_o this_o loss_n be_v in_o the_o time_n of_o swain_n and_o baynard_n the_o sheriff_n and_o by_o the_o death_n of_o cattle_n writelam_fw-la tenuit_fw-la hâ—nd_n tenuit_fw-la ibid_fw-la f._n 5._o a._n â—hâ—lmesfort_n hâ—nd_n haroldus_n pro_fw-la manerio_fw-la &_o xuj_o hidis_fw-la tempore_fw-la regis_fw-la edwardi_fw-la modo_fw-la rex_fw-la willielmus_fw-la pro_fw-la xiiii_o hidis_fw-la tunc_fw-la c_o villani_n tres_fw-la minus_fw-la post_fw-la &_o modo_fw-la lxxiii_o tunc_fw-la xxvi_o bordarii_fw-la post_fw-la &_o modo_fw-la lx._n tunc_fw-la xxxiiii_o servi_fw-la modo_fw-la xviii_o etc._n etc._n harold_n hold_v writel_a for_o a_o manner_n and_o 16_o hide_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n now_o king_n william_n possess_v it_o for_o 14_o hide_n then_o there_o be_v a_o hundred_o villain_n want_v three_o afterward_o and_o now_o seventy_o three_o then_o 26_o bordar_n afterward_o and_o now_o sixty_o then_o 24_o servant_n now_o 18._o then_o 12_o carucate_n in_o demeasn_a now_o 9_o then_o the_o man_n or_o tenant_n have_v sixty_o four_o plough_n or_o plough-land_n then_o this_o manner_n yield_v 10_o knight_n farm_n and_o 10_o pound_n now_o it_o yield_v a_o hundred_o pound_n by_o weight_n and_o thus_o be_v the_o entry_n of_o the_o ordinary_a inhabitant_n of_o all_o the_o country_n town_n and_o manner_n in_o this_o county_n they_o be_v villain_n bordar_n and_o servant_n as_o well_o in_o edward_n the_o confessor_n and_o the_o saxon_n time_n as_o after_o the_o come_n of_o the_o norman_n they_o be_v people_n of_o the_o same_o condition_n there_o be_v seldom_o to_o be_v find_v any_o socman_n and_o very_o rare_o any_o freeman_n in_o the_o entry_n of_o this_o county_n in_o norfolk_n there_o be_v many_o freeman_n to_o be_v find_v and_o but_o few_o socman_n norfulc_n b._n norfulc_n ibid._n f._n 135._o b._n terra_fw-la regis_fw-la hund._n de_fw-fr walesham_n in_o mothetuna_fw-la tres_fw-la liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la xxxvii_o acras_fw-la terrae_fw-la &_o quatuor_fw-la acras_fw-la &_o dimid_n prati_n &_o dimid_n carucat_fw-la &_o valet_fw-la dvos_fw-la solidos_fw-la &_o viij_o d._n in_o motheton_fw-la three_o freeman_n hold_v thirty_o seven_o acre_n of_o land_n and_o four_o acre_n and_o half_a of_o meadow_n and_o it_o be_v half_a a_o carucate_n and_o the_o value_n of_o it_o be_v two_o shilling_n eight_o penny_n or_o it_o pay_v so_o much_o in_o bastwic_n 1_n libre_fw-la homo_fw-la thirty_o acras_fw-la terrae_fw-la &_o dvas_fw-la acras_fw-la prati_n &_o dimid_n carucat_fw-la &_o valet_fw-la xuj_o d._n in_o ibidem_fw-la in_o ibidem_fw-la bastwic_n one_o freeman_n have_v 30_o acre_n of_o land_n and_o two_o acre_n of_o meadow_n and_o it_o be_v half_a a_o carucate_n and_o be_v worth_a or_o pay_v 16_o d._n in_o martham_n man_n martham_n ibidem_fw-la flec_n west_n hund._n the_o ordinary_a free_a man_n be_v under_o protection_n of_o great_a man_n duo_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la unus_fw-la gert_n alter_v haraldi_n comendatus_fw-la de_fw-la quadraginta_fw-la acris_fw-la terrae_fw-la &_o 6._o acris_fw-la prati_n tunc_fw-la 1_o caruc_fw-la post_n &_o modo_fw-la dimid_n tunc_fw-la &_o post_fw-la quatuor_fw-la sol_fw-la modo_fw-la 6_o sol_fw-la in_o martham_n two_o freeman_n one_o the_o client_n or_o under_o the_o protection_n of_o gert_n he_o be_v harold_n brother_n and_o the_o other_o of_o harold_n hold_v forty_o acre_n of_o land_n and_o six_o acre_n of_o meadow_n then_o one_o carucate_v since_o and_o now_o but_o half_a a_o carucate_n then_o and_o afterward_o it_o be_v worth_a four_o shilling_n now_o six_o shilling_n in_o clepesbes_n unus_fw-la ibidem_fw-la unus_fw-la ibidem_fw-la libre_fw-la homo_fw-la gerti_fw-la comendatus_fw-la tempore_fw-la regis_fw-la edwardi_fw-la de_fw-la xx_o acr_n terre_fw-fr et_fw-fr quatuor_fw-la acris_fw-la prati_fw-la et_fw-la tres_fw-la liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la sub_fw-la eo_fw-la xvii_o acr_n terre_fw-fr tres_fw-la acr._n prati_fw-la semper_fw-la 1_o carucat_fw-la semper_fw-la valuit_fw-la two_o sol._n &_o vi_fw-la d._n in_o censu_fw-la ormesbei_fw-la in_o clepesby_n one_o freeman_n under_o the_o protection_n of_o gert._n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n have_v twenty_o acre_n of_o land_n and_o four_o acre_n of_o meadow_n and_o three_o man_n under_o he_o have_v 17_o acre_n of_o land_n and_o three_o acre_n of_o meadow_n it_o be_v always_o one_o carucate_n and_o always_o pay_v 2_o s._n 6_o d._n rent_n to_o the_o manner_n of_o ormesby_n in_o clepesbes_n 1_o libre_fw-la ibidem_fw-la libre_fw-la ibidem_fw-la homo_fw-la regis_fw-la de_fw-la xx_o acr._n terrae_fw-la semper_fw-la dimid_n car._n &_o tres_fw-fr acr._n prati_n semper_fw-la valet_fw-la 2_o s._n in_o wintertuna_n 1_o libre_fw-la homo_fw-la de_fw-la seven_o acr_n terrae_fw-la in_o clepesby_n one_o freeman_n of_o the_o king_n have_v twenty_o acre_n of_o land_n always_o half_a a_o carucate_n it_o always_o pay_v 2_o s._n to_o the_o manner_n of_o winterton_n one_o freeman_n there_o have_v 7_o acre_n in_o borstuna_fw-la a._n borstuna_fw-la ibid._n f._n 130._o a._n quatuor_fw-la liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la algari_fw-la tempore_fw-la regis_fw-la edwardi_fw-la commendati_fw-la tantum_fw-la de_fw-la xl_o acr._n terr_n &_o 1_o bordár_n semper_fw-la 1_o car._n &_o three_o acr._n prati_n in_o borston_n four_o freeman_n who_o be_v only_o under_o the_o protection_n of_o algar_n in_o the_o time_n of_o
t.r.e._n praeter_fw-la de_fw-la quatuor_fw-la ulnod_n estmunt_fw-la aluricus_n wistricus_n &_o guert_n frater_fw-la haroldi_n habuit_fw-la commendationem_fw-la de_fw-la duobus_fw-la man._n et_fw-fr alviet_v omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la erant_fw-la commendati_fw-la aliis_fw-la baronibus_fw-la t.r.e._n de_fw-fr uno_fw-la habuit_fw-la antecessor_n malet_n commendationem_fw-la et_fw-fr robert_n fill_n wimari_n iiii_o et_fw-la tamen_fw-la semper_fw-la haroldus_n habebat_fw-la socam_fw-la etc._n etc._n harold_n hold_v bercolt_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n and_o thirteen_o carucate_n of_o land_n for_o a_o manner_n then_o there_o be_v forty_o two_o villain_n now_o forty_o three_o then_o five_o bordar_n now_o twenty_o two_o then_o six_o servant_n now_z four_z then_o and_o afterward_o three_o carucate_n in_o demeasn_a now_o two_o then_o the_o man_n or_o tenant_n have_v twenty_o carucate_n afterward_o and_o now_o ten_o and_o 12_o acre_n of_o meadow_n wood_n for_o 1000_o hog_n always_o one_o mill_n always_o one_o work_v horse_n and_o ten_o young_a cattle_n and_o twenty_o eight_o hog_n and_o eighty_o five_o sheep_n and_o twenty_o six_o goat_n to_o this_o manner_n belong_v one_o manner_n one_o a_o hamlet_n or_o member_n of_o a_o manner_n berwite_n now_o i_o think_v call_v the_o barrow_n or_o berry_n sceveley_n it_o be_v two_o carucate_n of_o land_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n then_o there_o be_v ten_o villain_n afterward_o and_o now_o six_o always_o seven_o bordar_n then_o 4_o servant_n now_o two_o then_o two_o carucate_n in_o demeasn_a afterward_o and_o now_o one_o then_o the_o man_n or_o tenant_n hold_v eight_o carucate_n afterward_o and_o now_o four_o and_o sixteen_o acre_n of_o meadow_n and_o one_o mill_n always_o one_o work_v horse_n and_o four_o young_a beast_n or_o ox_n and_o seven_o hog_n and_o twenty_o three_o sheep_n earl_n guert_n hold_v bentley_n for_o two_o carucate_n of_o land_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n afterward_o earl_n ralph_n master_n of_o the_o horse_n join_v it_o to_o this_o manner_n as_o a_o berwite_n or_o berry_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n william_n then_o there_o be_v nineteen_o villain_n upon_o it_o now_o thirteen_o always_o three_o bordar_n then_o four_o servant_n then_o two_o carucate_n in_o demeasn_a afterward_o and_o now_o one_o then_o the_o tenant_n or_o man_n hold_v viij_o carucate_n or_o have_v eight_o plough_n afterward_o and_o now_o one_o and_o eight_o plough_n between_o the_o lord_n and_o villain_n and_o note_v who_o villain_n villain_n may_v be_v set_v up_o again_o or_o eight_o carucate_n renew_v they_o have_v eight_o acre_n of_o meadow_n wood_n to_o keep_v twelve_o hog_n and_o forty_o two_o sheep_n and_o pay_v vi_o d._n earl_n guert_n hold_v scotley_n or_o shotley_n there_o be_v two_o carucate_n and_o half_a of_o land_n and_o 1_o acre_n and_o it_o pay_v two_o waste_v two_o probably_n it_o lay_v waste_v penny_n for_o one_o manner_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n then_o there_o be_v twelve_o villain_n now_o six_o there_o be_v always_o two_o bordar_n and_o then_o four_o servant_n now_o one_o then_o two_o carucate_n in_o demeasn_a afterward_o and_o now_o one_o and_o there_o may_v be_v four_o carucate_n again_o and_o four_o acre_n of_o meadow_n and_o one_o work_v horse_n and_o forty_o sheep_n to_o this_o manner_n there_o be_v appendant_a or_o regardant_a that_o be_v fix_v to_o it_o in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n two_o hundred_o and_o ten_o socman_n now_o there_o be_v but_o one_o hundred_o and_o nineteen_o and_o they_o have_v two_o and_o twenty_o carucate_n of_o land_n and_o half_a want_v thirty_o acre_n or_o and_o thirty_o acre_n more_o or_o less_o and_o forty_o two_o bordar_n then_o there_o be_v twenty_o nine_o carucate_n now_o twenty_o seven_o and_o twenty_o four_o acre_n and_o half_a of_o meadow_n and_o two_o church_n with_o sixty_o two_o acre_n of_o these_o man_n or_o suitor_n or_o tenant_n which_o be_v regardant_a or_o belong_v to_o this_o manner_n qui_fw-la huic_fw-la manerio_fw-la sense_n manerio_fw-la remanentes_fw-la &_o pertinentes_fw-la be_v always_o take_v in_o the_o same_o sense_n remansi_fw-la sunt_fw-la harold_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n have_v the_o protection_n of_o only_a four_o ulnod_n estmunt_fw-la aluric_n and_o wistric_n and_o guert_n the_o brother_n of_o harold_n have_v the_o protection_n of_o two_o man_n and_o alviet_v all_o the_o other_o be_v protect_v by_o or_o under_o the_o patronage_n of_o other_o baron_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o predecessor_n of_o malet_n have_v the_o protection_n of_o one_o and_o robert_n the_o son_n of_o wimar_n have_v the_o protection_n of_o four_o and_o yet_o harold_n always_o have_v the_o soak_v or_o money_n pay_v for_o their_o protection_n etc._n etc._n sudfulc_a a._n sudfulc_a ibid._n f._n 322._o a._n gislingham_n etc._n etc._n in_o gislingheham_n tres_fw-la liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la de_fw-la duobus_fw-la habuit_fw-la ulvena_n comendationem_fw-la seven_o acr._n et_fw-fr dimid_n car._n et_fw-fr val._n xuj_o d._n in_o eadem_fw-la duo_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la xxvi_o acr_n unus_fw-la comendatus_fw-la ulvenae_n nomine_fw-la colemanus_n cum_fw-la vi_fw-la acr_n tunc_fw-la dimid_n car._n modo_fw-la waste_v modo_fw-la it_o be_v waste_v nichil_fw-la et_fw-la valuit_fw-la iiii_o sol._n in_o eadem_fw-la tenet_fw-la alviet_v libre_fw-la homo_fw-la comendatus_fw-la alsio_fw-la nepoti_fw-la comitis_fw-la he_o comitis_fw-la ralph_n de_fw-fr guarder_n sometime_o earl_n of_o norfolk_n and_o suffolk_n or_o the_o east_n angle_n under_o the_o conqueror_n and_o a_o rebel_n against_o he_o radulfi_n thirty_o acr_n pro_fw-la manerio_fw-la t._n r._n e._n tunc_fw-la 1_o car._n modo_fw-la nichil_fw-la et_fw-la 1_o acr_n prati_fw-la in_o eadem_fw-la vi_fw-la liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la comendati_n alviet_v xiii_o acr_n semper_fw-la dimid_n car._n tunc_fw-la xx_o sol_fw-la modo_fw-la twelve_o in_o eadem_fw-la ringulfus_n libre_fw-la homo_fw-la thirty_o acr_n pro_fw-la 1_o manner_n comendat_fw-la alsio_fw-la nepoti_fw-la comitis_fw-la radulfi_n tunc_fw-la 1_o car._n modo_fw-la nihil_fw-la exit_fw-la hac_fw-la terra_fw-la tenuit_fw-la lewinus_fw-la filius_fw-la ringulfi_n three_o caruc_n quartam_fw-la partem_fw-la silvae_fw-la in_o eadem_fw-la quatuor_fw-la liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la comendati_n ringulfo_n x_o acr_n et_fw-fr dimid_n car._n et_fw-la iiii_o acr_n prati_fw-la x_o porc_n tunc_fw-la valuit_fw-la xx_o sol_fw-la modo_fw-la x._o in_o eadem_fw-la beso_fw-es libre_fw-la homo_fw-la xuj_o acr_n comendatus_fw-la alsio_n tunc_fw-la et_fw-la post_fw-la 1_o car._n modo_fw-la nichil_fw-la et_fw-la valuit_fw-la vi_fw-la sol_fw-la et_fw-fr viij_o d._n exit_fw-la hac_fw-la terra_fw-la tenuit_fw-la antecessor_n aberici_fw-la de_fw-fr ver._n five_o acr_n rex_fw-la et_fw-la comes_fw-la de_fw-fr toto_fw-la socam_fw-la in_o eadem_fw-la 1_o libre_fw-la homo_fw-la soribe_n vi_fw-la acr_n comendatus_fw-la ulvenae_n et_fw-la valuit_fw-la twelve_o d._n in_o eadem_fw-la chipinc_fw-la b._n chipinc_fw-la ibid._n b._n libre_fw-la homo_fw-la comendatus_fw-la ulwino_fw-la antecessori_fw-la alberici_fw-la de_fw-la ver._n et_fw-la in_o soca_fw-la ejus_fw-la twelve_o car._n et_fw-la adhuc_fw-la tenebat_fw-la 1_o acr_n terre_fw-fr de_fw-fr dominio_fw-la ulwini_fw-la et_fw-la quartam_fw-la partem_fw-la alterius_fw-la et_fw-la modo_fw-la tenet_n totum_fw-la mater_fw-la malet_n mater_fw-la robert_n malet_n roberti_n et_fw-fr val_fw-fr two_o sol_fw-la rex_fw-la et_fw-la comes_fw-la de_fw-fr toto_fw-la alio_fw-la socam_fw-la in_o cotetuna_fw-la ibid._n cotetuna_fw-la ibid._n tenuit_fw-la ansgerus_n libre_fw-la homo_fw-la comendatus_fw-la lewino_fw-la de_fw-la bachetuna_fw-la thirty_o acr_n pro_fw-la manner_n t._n r._n e._n tunc_fw-la 1_o car._n modo_fw-la dimid_n et_fw-fr 1_o acr_n prati_fw-la silua_fw-la vi_fw-la porc._n et_fw-la tres_fw-la liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la comendat_fw-la lx_o acr_n et_fw-fr dimid_n car._n et_fw-fr val_fw-fr x_o sol_fw-la rex_fw-la et_fw-la comes_fw-la socam_fw-la in_o eadem_fw-la tenuit_fw-la teit_n comendatus_fw-la dimidius_fw-la edrico_fw-la prepositi_fw-la regis_fw-la et_fw-la dimidius_fw-la comendatus_fw-la antecessori_fw-la malet_n viij_o acr_n semper_fw-la dimid_n car._n et_fw-fr val_fw-fr iiii_o sol_fw-la soca_fw-la regis_fw-la et_fw-la comitis_fw-la in_o parvo_fw-la thornham_n viij_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la xxviii_o acr_n commend_v ulvenae_n tunc_fw-la two_o car._n modo_fw-la 1_o et_fw-la dimid_n et_fw-fr val_fw-fr shall_fw-mi sol_fw-mi in_o eadem_fw-la duo_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la unus_fw-la eorum_fw-la *_o fuit_fw-la comendatus_fw-la ulvenae_n et_fw-la alter_fw-la dimidius_fw-la subcomendatus_fw-la antecessori_fw-la malet_n in_o gislingham_n three_o freeman_n of_o which_o ulvene_n edward_n ulvene_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n have_v the_o protection_n of_o two_o and_o they_o seven_o acre_n and_o half_a a_o carucate_n and_o pay_v xuj_o d._n in_o the_o same_o town_n two_o freeman_n have_v twenty_o six_o acre_n one_o be_v protect_v by_o ulvene_n by_o name_n coleman_n with_o six_o acre_n then_o half_a a_o carucate_n waste_v carucate_n before_o the_o conquest_n it_o be_v half_o a_o carucate_n after_o it_o lay_v waste_v now_o nothing_o and_o it_o do_v pay_v 4_o s._n in_o the_o same_o alviet_v a_o freeman_n under_o the_o protection_n of_o alsi_fw-la the_o nephew_n or_o grandchild_n of_o earl_n ralph_n hold_v thirty_o acre_n for_o a_o
manner_n that_o be_v a_o seat_n or_o place_n of_o abode_n in_o the_o time_n king_n edward_n then_o it_o be_v one_o carucate_n now_o nothing_o and_o 1_o acre_n of_o meadow_n in_o the_o same_o six_o freeman_n under_o the_o protection_n of_o himself_o of_o these_o be_v subcomendat_n be_v under_o the_o protection_n of_o one_o that_o be_v protect_v himself_o alviet_v hold_v xiii_o acre_n which_o be_v always_o half_a a_o carucate_n then_o they_o pay_v twenty_o shilling_n now_o twelve_o in_o the_o same_o town_n ringulf_n a_o freeman_n have_v thirty_o acre_n for_o a_o manner_n he_o be_v the_o client_n or_o under_o the_o protection_n of_o alsi_fw-la nephew_n or_o grandchild_n to_o earl_n ralph_n then_o it_o be_v one_o carucate_n now_o nothing_o of_o this_o land_n suppose_v of_o the_o town_n lewin_n the_o son_n of_o ringulf_n have_v three_o carucate_n and_o the_o four_o part_n of_o the_o wood_n in_o the_o same_o four_o freeman_n under_o the_o protection_n of_o hand_n of_o these_o be_v also_o subcommendat_n who_o be_v protect_v at_o the_o second_o hand_n ringulf_n who_o have_v x_o acre_n and_o half_a a_o carucate_n and_o four_o acre_n of_o meadow_n and_o x_o hog_n than_o it_o pay_v 20_o s._n now_o ten_o in_o the_o same_o beso_fw-es a_o freeman_n protect_v by_o alsi_fw-la have_v xuj_o acre_n then_o and_o afterward_o one_o carucate_n now_o nothing_o it_o do_v pay_v six_o shilling_n and_o eight_o penny_n of_o this_o land_n the_o predecessor_n of_o alberic_n de_fw-fr oxford_n de_fw-fr he_o be_v ancestor_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o oxford_n ver_n have_v five_o acre_n the_o king_n and_o the_o earl_n have_v the_o soak_v of_o the_o whole_a in_o the_o same_o town_n one_o freeman_n call_v soribe_n who_o have_v vi_o acre_n he_o be_v under_o the_o protection_n of_o ulvene_n and_o pay_v twelve_o d._n in_o the_o same_o chipinc_fw-la a_o freeman_n under_o the_o protection_n of_o ulwin_n the_o predecessor_n of_o alberic_n de_fw-fr ver_n and_o in_o the_o soak_v of_o his_o twelve_o carucate_n and_o he_o hold_v more_o 1_o acre_n and_o the_o four_o part_n of_o another_o of_o the_o lordship_n of_o ulwin_n now_o the_o mother_n of_o robert_n malet_n hold_v the_o whole_a and_o it_o pay_v 2_o s._n the_o king_n and_o earl_n of_o all_o the_o soak_v of_o the_o other_o that_o be_v of_o soribe_n in_o cotton_n ansger_n a_o freeman_n under_o the_o protection_n of_o lewin_n of_o backton_n hold_v thirty_o acre_n for_o a_o manner_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n then_o 1_o carucate_n now_o half_a a_o carucate_n and_o 1_o acre_n of_o meadow_n wood_n for_o vi_o hog_n and_o there_o be_v three_o freeman_n under_o protection_n that_o hold_v sixty_o acre_n and_o half_a a_o carucate_n and_o pay_v ten_o shilling_n the_o king_n and_o earl_n have_v the_o soc._n in_o the_o same_o teit_n half_a under_o the_o protection_n of_o edric_n the_o regis_fw-la the_o praepâ—situs_fw-la regis_fw-la king_n reeve_n and_o half_a under_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o predecessor_n of_o malet_n hold_v viij_o acre_n always_o half_o a_o carucate_n and_o pay_v 4_o s._n the_o soc_n be_v the_o king_n and_o earl_n in_o little_a thornham_n eight_o freeman_n have_v twenty_o eight_o acre_n and_o be_v under_o the_o protection_n of_o ulvene_n than_o they_o have_v two_o carucate_n now_o one_o and_o half_a and_o pay_v 5_o s._n in_o the_o same_o two_o freeman_n one_o of_o they_o be_v under_o the_o protection_n of_o ulvene_n and_o the_o other_o be_v protect_v by_o one_o who_o be_v protect_v by_o the_o predecessor_n of_o malet_n and_o be_v half_a under_o his_o protection_n they_o have_v xv_o acre_n always_o 1_o carucate_n or_o always_o they_o employ_v one_o plough_n then_o it_o be_v worth_a 3_o s._n 4_o d._n now_o 5_o s._n here_o we_o see_v the_o condition_n of_o the_o ordinary_a freeman_n within_o these_o three_o county_n and_o there_o be_v more_o here_o than_o in_o all_o the_o county_n in_o england_n and_o beside_o owner_n of_o town_n and_o lord_n of_o manor_n there_o be_v no_o other_o land-holders_n or_o inhabitant_n but_o these_o and_o socman_n if_o these_o be_v not_o the_o same_o and_o villain_n bordar_n or_o cottar_n and_o servant_n in_o the_o country_n but_o for_o great_a demonstration_n of_o matter_n of_o fact_n i_o shall_v brief_o pass_v through_o they_o all_o chenth_fw-mi 1._o chenth_fw-mi great_a domesday_n book_n f._n 2._o b._n col_fw-fr 1._o terra_fw-la regis_fw-la in_o dimid_n lest_o the_o sudtone_n in_o achestane_n hund._n rex_fw-la willielmus_fw-la tenet_fw-la tarentefort_n pro_fw-la uno_fw-la solino_n &_o dimid_n se_fw-la defendit_fw-la survey_n defendit_fw-la that_o be_v arable_a which_o be_v always_o call_v terra_n in_o this_o survey_n terra_fw-la est_fw-la xl_o caruc_fw-la in_o dominio_fw-la sunt_fw-la two_o caruc_fw-la &_o cxlii_o villani_n cum_fw-la x_o bordar_n habent_fw-la liii_o caruc_fw-la ibi_fw-la sunt_fw-la three_o servi_n &_o 1_o molend_n etc._n etc._n king_n william_n hold_v tarentfort_n it_o be_v tax_v at_o one_o find_v one_o probably_n from_o the_o saxon_a word_n sulk_n a_o plough_n but_o what_o quantity_n of_o land_n a_o solin_n swolling_n or_o sull_v contain_v i_o can_v find_v solin_n and_o a_o half_a there_o be_v forty_o carucate_n of_o land_n in_o demeasn_a two_o carucate_n and_o one_o hundred_o and_o forty_o two_o villain_n with_o ten_o bordar_n they_o have_v fifty_o three_o carucate_n or_o perhaps_o rather_o fifty_o three_o plough_n with_o which_o they_o plough_v their_o own_o and_o the_o lord_n land_n there_o be_v three_o servant_n and_o one_o mill._n terra_fw-la â—_o terra_fw-la ibid._n f._n 3_o a._n col._n â—_o archiepiscopi_fw-la cantuariensis_n in_o achestan_n hund._n archiepiscopus_fw-la cantuariensis_n tenet_fw-la in_o dominio_fw-la tarent_n pro_fw-la two_o solinis_fw-la se_fw-la defendit_fw-la in_o dominio_fw-la est_fw-la una_fw-la car._n &_o xxii_o villani_n cum_fw-la seven_o cotar_n habent_fw-la seven_o car._n ibi_fw-la vi_fw-la servi_n &_o two_o molend_n de_fw-fr l_o sol_fw-la the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n hold_v tarent_n in_o demeasn_a there_o be_v in_o demeasn_a one_o carucate_n and_o xxii_o villain_n with_o seven_o cotar_n they_o have_v seven_o carucate_n or_o it_o or_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o think_v that_o this_o abbreviation_n car._n or_o caruc_n when_o it_o follow_v villeni_n or_o bordarii_n oft_o signifiâ—s_v the_o number_n of_o plough_n they_o keep_v and_o not_o the_o land_n or_o quantity_n of_o it_o plough_n there_o be_v vi_o servant_n and_o two_o mill_n of_o 50_o s._n rent_n in_o the_o whold_n county_n of_o kent_n in_o the_o entry_n of_o town_n and_o manner_n it_o be_v very_o rare_a to_o find_v any_o other_o people_n than_o villain_n bordar_n and_o servant_n who_o be_v all_o in_o dominio_fw-la beside_o the_o lord_n and_o great_a possessor_n military_a man_n and_o religious_a sudsex_n â—_o sudsex_n ibid._n f._n 1â—_n a._n col._n â—_o terra_fw-la archiepiscopi_fw-la cantuar._n in_o mellings_n hund._n archiepiscopus_fw-la lanfrancus_fw-la tenuit_fw-la mellinge_n &_o est_fw-la in_o rape_n de_fw-fr pevensel_n t._n r._n e._n defend_v se_fw-la pro_fw-la quater_fw-la xx_o hide_v sed_fw-la modo_fw-la non_fw-la habet_fw-la archiepiscopus_fw-la nisi_fw-la lxxv_o hidas_fw-la quia_fw-la comes_fw-la moretonii_fw-la habet_fw-la five_o hidas_fw-la extra_fw-la hund_n terra_fw-la totius_fw-la manner_n l_o car._n in_o dominio_fw-la sunt_fw-la five_o car._n &_o cc_o &_o nineteeen_o villain_n cum_fw-la twenty-five_o bord._n habent_fw-la two_o habent_fw-la here_o â—_o shall_v think_v car._n signify_v plough_n and_o not_o the_o quantity_n of_o land_n the_o quantity_n of_o carucate_n differ_v some_o time_n a_o carucate_n may_v be_v so_o large_a as_o one_o plough_n can_v not_o till_o and_o sometime_o so_o small_a as_o one_o plough_n may_v till_o two_o lxxiii_o car._n &_o xliii_o crofto_n archbishop_n lanfranc_n hold_v mellinge_n etc._n etc._n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n it_o be_v tax_v for_o fourscore_o hide_n etc._n etc._n the_o terra_n the_o that_o be_v the_o arable_a land_n which_o be_v always_o in_o this_o survey_n call_v simple_o terra_n land_n of_o the_o whole_a manner_n be_v fifty_o carucate_n there_o be_v in_o demeasn_a five_o car._n and_o two_o hundred_o nineteen_o villain_n with_o thirty_o five_o bordar_n they_o have_v seventy_o three_o carucate_n or_o plough_n and_o forty_o three_o crofts_n in_o this_o whole_a county_n few_o or_o no_o other_o but_o villain_n bordar_n and_o servant_n and_o in_o dominio_fw-la as_o in_fw-la kent_n so_o in_o sudrie_n hantescire_fw-la and_o the_o isle_n of_o with_o as_o in_o kent_n and_o sussex_n villain_n bordar_n and_o servant_n only_o in_o dominio_fw-la so_o berchescire_fw-la as_o sudrie_n sudsexe_n and_o hantescire_fw-la few_o or_o no_o other_o beside_o villain_n bordar_n and_o servant_n in_o dominio_fw-la except_o owner_n of_o town_n lord_n of_o manner_n and_o other_o that_o hold_v in_o military_a service_n either_o in_o capite_fw-la or_o by_o mean_a tenure_n and_o religious_a wiltescire_fw-la â—_o wiltescire_fw-la ibiâ—_n fol._n 6â—_n a._n col._n â—_o terra_fw-la regis_fw-la rex_fw-la
ad_fw-la geld._n ibi_fw-la modo_fw-la in_o dominio_fw-la two_o car._n &_o xxvii_o sochmani_n de_fw-fr two_o car._n &_o three_o bovat_n huius_fw-la terrae_fw-la &_o viij_o villani_n &_o xx_o bordar_n habentes_fw-la fourteen_o caruc_fw-la in_o colingham_n the_o abbot_n of_o peterburgh_n have_v four_o carucate_n of_o land_n which_o he_o rent_n out_o there_o be_v now_o in_o demeasn_a two_o carucate_n and_o twenty_o seven_o socman_n that_o have_v two_o carucate_n and_o three_o bovate_v of_o this_o arable_a and_o eight_o villain_n and_o twenty_o bordar_n that_o have_v fourteen_o carucate_n in_o this_o shire_n the_o entry_n of_o the_o ordinary_a inhabitant_n throughout_o be_v in_o dominio_fw-la socmen_fw-la villain_n bordar_n as_o in_o derby_n shire_n the_o socman_n general_o hold_v small_a parcel_n of_o land_n as_o half_a a_o carucate_n a_o bovate_v etc._n etc._n roteland_n scire_fw-la as_o snotingham-scire_a eurvic_n scire_fw-la in_o this_o title_n this_o see_v domesday_n for_o this_o title_n shire_n the_o entry_n be_v general_o as_o to_o person_n in_o dominio_fw-la sunt_fw-la villain_n bordar_n sochman_n and_o habet_fw-la as_o rex_fw-la habet_fw-la servant_n socman_n villain_n bordar_n seldom_o any_o other_o except_z as_o before_o except_v in_o kent_n sussex_n surrey_n etc._n etc._n in_o all_o county_n of_o england_n who_o land_n soever_o it_o be_v whether_o it_o be_v the_o king_n land_n church_n land_n or_o possess_v by_o earl_n baron_n knight_n or_o other_o military_a and_o secular_a man_n in_o every_o town_n and_o place_n these_o sort_n of_o man_n be_v the_o county_n the_o note_v that_o whereas_o it_o be_v say_v in_o the_o glossary_a to_o my_o introduction_n etc._n etc._n that_o in_o every_o leaf_n and_o almost_o every_o entry_n upon_o that_o leaf_n in_o domesday_n socman_n and_o freemen_n be_v to_o be_v find_v it_o prove_v a_o mistake_n for_o upon_o a_o second_o and_o three_o perusal_n of_o the_o great_a book_n especial_o the_o person_n and_o inhabitant_n of_o town_n and_o village_n be_v such_o as_o i_o have_v here_o note_v in_o every_o county_n inhabitant_n and_o those_o that_o occupy_v use_v or_o manage_v the_o land_n under_o the_o owner_n of_o the_o town_n or_o lord_n of_o manner_n who_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n immediate_o or_o mediate_o as_o appear_v by_o this_o survey_n or_o great_a record_n by_o which_o it_o be_v most_o evident_a that_o most_o of_o the_o land_n in_o england_n be_v hold_v by_o military_a service_n or_o serjeanty_n and_o in_o villanage_n of_o those_o military_a tenant_n and_o tenant_n in_o serjeanty_n for_o all_o these_o person_n of_o divers_a denomination_n which_o afterward_o receive_v other_o and_o few_o name_n be_v but_o several_a sort_n of_o villain_n as_o will_n hereafter_o appear_v in_o the_o glossary_a and_o hold_v their_o land_n by_o base_a and_o servile_a tenor_n there_o be_v at_o the_o time_n of_o make_v the_o survey_n no_o free_a socage_n if_o there_o have_v it_o will_v have_v be_v enter_v as_o the_o land_n hold_v in_o alodio_n be_v for_o hidage-sake_n nor_o frank_n free_a that_o be_v land_n hold_v without_o performance_n of_o any_o service_n such_o as_o we_o now_o call_v most_o of_o our_o freehold_n unless_o some_o small_a parcel_n that_o belong_v to_o some_o parish_n church_n especial_o in_o suffolk_n which_o be_v call_v terra_fw-la libera_fw-la or_o burgage-tenure_n or_o the_o land_n hold_v in_o alodio_n in_o king_n edward_n time_n or_o afterward_o be_v such_o of_o which_o there_o be_v here_o and_o there_o a_o town_n or_o manner_n a_o hide_n or_o carucate_v etc._n etc._n so_o hold_v in_o the_o survey_n i_o will_v give_v one_o instance_n of_o it_o hantescire_fw-la 1._o hantescire_fw-la domâ—sday_n f._n 50._o a._n col._n 1._o tainorum_fw-la regis_fw-la alwi_n filius_fw-la saulf_n tenet_fw-la de_fw-fr rege_fw-la tederleg_n pater_fw-la ejus_fw-la tenuit_fw-la in_o alodio_n de_fw-la rege_fw-la edwardo_n tunc_fw-la &_o modo_fw-la geld._n pro_fw-la three_o hid._n terra_fw-la est_fw-la four_o carucat_fw-la in_o dominio_fw-la sunt_fw-la duae_fw-la &_o two_o villani_n et_fw-la ix_o bordar_n cum_fw-la two_o caruc_fw-la ibi_fw-la two_o molin_n de_fw-fr xxvii_o sol_fw-la et_fw-fr vi_o d._n et_fw-la xxvi_o acr_n prati_fw-la silu._n the_o thirty_o porc._n valuit_fw-la lx_o sol_fw-la modo_fw-la xl_o alwi_n the_o son_n of_o saulf_n hold_v tederley_n of_o the_o king_n his_o father_n hold_v it_o as_o alodium_n frank_n fee_n or_o free-land_n then_o and_o now_o it_o be_v and_o be_v tax_v for_o three_o 1._o three_o alodium_n always_o pay_v hidage_n as_o other_o land_n see_v alodium_n in_o in_o the_o glossary_a to_o my_o introduction_n f._n 1._o hide_n the_o arable_a land_n be_v four_o carucate_n there_o be_v two_o in_o demeasn_a and_o two_o villain_n and_o nine_o bordar_n with_o other_o two_o there_o be_v two_o mill_n rent_v at_o 27_o s._n 6_o d._n and_o twenty_o six_o acre_n of_o meadow_n wood_n for_o thirty_o hog_n it_o be_v worth_a sixty_o shilling_n now_o forty_o this_o alwi_n be_v one_o of_o the_o king_n ordinary_a thanes_z or_o servant_n and_o hold_v this_o town_n in_o serjeanty_n which_o may_v be_v consistent_a enough_o with_o the_o tenure_n in_o alodio_n and_o such_o land_n be_v now_o repute_v freehold_n but_o these_o be_v not_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o socman_n villain_n bordar_n cotar_n servant_n and_o the_o like_a nor_o be_v many_o of_o they_o in_o their_o own_o hand_n as_o we_o may_v phrase_n it_o or_o in_o their_o own_o power_n for_o such_o as_o be_v in_o dominio_fw-la and_o in_o most_o place_n it_o be_v so_o be_v the_o lord_n proper_a man_n whole_o under_o his_o power_n and_o disposal_n both_o in_o body_n and_o good_n except_o life_n and_o death_n and_o be_v fix_v to_o the_o manner_n so_o as_o they_o can_v not_o remove_v themselves_o out_o of_o the_o precinct_n of_o it_o without_o his_o leave_n these_o sort_n of_o men_n ingulph_n in_o the_o latin_a version_n of_o king_n edreds_n charter_n to_o the_o abbat_n and_o monk_n of_o croyland_n call_v nativi_fw-la a_o word_n afterward_o use_v with_o we_o the_o worst_a sort_n of_o villain_n and_o bondman_n et_fw-la praecipio_fw-la quod_fw-la omnes_fw-la homines_fw-la fugitivi_n quos_fw-la iidem_fw-la monachi_fw-la &_o testimonium_fw-la quatuor_fw-la vel_fw-la quinque_fw-la hominum_fw-la fide-dignorum_a coram_fw-la vicecomite_n in_fw-la patria_fw-la in_fw-la qua_fw-la tale_n manent_fw-la possunt_fw-la assidare_fw-la suos_fw-la nativos_fw-la esse_fw-la reducantur_fw-la per_fw-la eundem_fw-la vicecomitem_fw-la in_fw-la abbathiam_fw-la eorum_fw-la cum_fw-la omnibus_fw-la catallis_fw-la &_o sequelis_fw-la eorum_fw-la omnium_fw-la reclamatione_fw-la &_o reluctatione_n abinde_v remota_fw-la &_o annullata_fw-la and_o i_o command_v that_o all_o fugitive_n which_o the_o monk_n and_o four_o or_o five_o credible_a witness_n can_v prove_v be_v their_o native_n that_o be_v bear_v bondman_n before_o the_o sheriff_n of_o the_o county_n where_o such_o fugitive_n be_v they_o shall_v be_v bring_v or_o send_v back_o to_o the_o abbey_n with_o all_o their_o good_n and_o child_n without_o let_v or_o hindrance_n of_o any_o man._n this_o charter_n bear_v date_n in_o the_o year_n 988_o and_o show_v the_o condition_n of_o bondman_n in_o the_o saxon_a time_n and_o hereafter_o we_o shall_v see_v what_o they_o be_v after_o the_o conquest_n when_o their_o name_n be_v change_v as_o by_o the_o glossary_a will_v more_o at_o large_a appear_v to_o which_o i_o shall_v refer_v the_o reader_n for_o the_o knowledge_n of_o their_o condition_n likewise_o and_o how_o many_o way_n that_o may_v be_v better_v and_o change_v shall_v be_v our_o next_o inquiry_n these_o bondman_n or_o people_n of_o servile_a condition_n might_n and_o do_v procure_v the_o freedom_n of_o their_o person_n 5._o person_n glanvil_n lib._n 5_o c._n 5._o several_a way_n first_o by_o the_o favour_n of_o their_o lord_n or_o patron_n if_o he_o release_v their_o bondage_n for_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n freedom_n the_o first_o of_o obtain_v freedom_n or_o do_v give_v or_o sell_v he_o to_o another_o to_o be_v release_v but_o no_o bondman_n can_v purchase_v his_o liberty_n with_o his_o own_o money_n if_o he_o do_v his_o lord_n may_v by_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o land_n bring_v he_o back_o again_o into_o villeinage_n because_o all_o his_o good_n and_o chattel_n be_v his_o lord_n or_o so_o in_o his_o power_n that_o with_o they_o he_o can_v not_o redeem_v himself_o but_o if_o a_o stranger_n will_v purchase_v he_o with_o his_o own_o money_n and_o make_v he_o free_a than_o he_o may_v for_o ever_o defend_v his_o liberty_n against_o his_o lord_n and_o plead_v his_o release_n by_o chart_n that_o be_v his_o deed_n in_o write_v or_o by_o any_o other_o way_n the_o law_n allow_v and_o trial_n by_o duel_n be_v allow_v in_o this_o case_n after_o he_o be_v a_o freeman_n if_o any_o one_o that_o see_v he_o make_v free_a will_v be_v his_o champion_n and_o come_v into_o court_n and_o assert_v and_o prove_v his_o liberty_n by_o his_o body_n yet_o ibid._n yet_o ibid._n
conqueror_n make_v domesday_n or_o the_o conqueror_n survey_v how_o make_v and_o it_o may_v not_o be_v much_o out_o of_o the_o course_n of_o our_o history_n to_o take_v notice_n how_o it_o be_v make_v and_o in_o what_o method_n write_v it_o be_v make_v by_o by_o mr._n selden_n give_v a_o account_n in_o his_o preface_n to_o 15._o to_o fol._n 15._o eadmer_n from_o a_o ancient_a manuscript_n he_o think_v as_o old_a as_o the_o survey_n itself_o of_o the_o name_n of_o the_o great_a man_n that_o be_v swear_v in_o divers_a hundred_o in_o cambridgeshire_n and_o the_o isle_n of_o ely_n which_o be_v most_o norman_n survey_n the_o juror_n iâ—_n cambridgeshirâ—_n and_o isle_n of_o ely_n at_o the_o make_n of_o the_o survey_n and_o present_v the_o survey_n according_a to_o the_o form_n the_o king_n have_v direct_v and_o comitatus_fw-la dicit_fw-la or_o testatur_fw-la hundreda_fw-la vel_fw-la wapentachium_n dicit_fw-la vel_fw-la testatur_fw-la again_o homines_fw-la qui_fw-la juraverunt_fw-la the_o man_n that_o be_v swear_v in_o this_o or_o that_o county_n hundred_o or_o wapentach_v do_v witness_n say_v and_o aver_v so_o and_o so_o concern_v divers_a matter_n in_o debate_n and_o controversy_n do_v often_o occur_v in_o the_o survey_n itself_o the_o the_o b._n the_o histor_n ellen._n penes_fw-la domini_fw-la gale_n p._n 177._o b._n in_o staplebou_n hund._n nich_n de_fw-fr chenet_n willielmus_fw-la de_fw-fr chipenham_n homo_fw-la gaufridi_fw-la hugo_n de_fw-fr herenluge_n warinus_n de_fw-fr saham_n robertus_fw-la anglicus_n de_fw-fr fordhom_n hordmerus_n de_fw-fr bethlingham_n alanus_n de_fw-fr burwell_n alfricus_n de_fw-fr sneillewelle_n isti_fw-la homines_fw-la juraverunt_fw-la de_fw-la isto_fw-la hundredo_fw-la in_o cestertuna_n hund._n juraverunt_fw-la roggerus_n de_fw-fr cilderlaio_n gifard_n de_fw-fr draitona_n gislebert_n the_o histona_n surmi_fw-fr de_fw-fr cotenâ—am_n brunningus_n de_fw-fr cestertuna_fw-la almer_n de_fw-fr coâ—enâ—am_n ledmarus_n de_fw-fr draitona_n aermus_n de_fw-fr gilderlaio_n &_o omnes_fw-la alii-franci_n &_o argli_n de_fw-fr hoc_fw-la hundredo_fw-la juraverunt_fw-la these_o two_o instance_n be_v cite_v out_o of_o the_o ancient_a manuscript_n mention_v by_o selden_n juror_n in_o every_o hundred_o of_o the_o county_n be_v note_v name_n of_o the_o juror_n in_o some_o hundred_o mention_v by_o mr._n selden_n exceed_v not_o the_o number_n of_o eight_o or_o nine_o in_o other_o beside_o those_o name_v all_o that_o be_v fit_a for_o the_o purpose_n be_v swear_v verdict_n or_o presentment_n of_o juries_n or_o certain_a person_n swear_v in_o every_o hundred_o wapentach_n or_o county_n before_o 29._o before_o ge_z be_fw-mi tilb._n lib._n 1._o b_o 29._o commissioner_n who_o be_v most_o discreet_a person_n and_o common_o norman_n send_v from_o court_n those_o for_o 2._o for_o dugd._n bâ—ron_n fol._n 257._o col._n 2._o worcestershire_n and_o many_o other_o county_n be_v be_v he_o be_v a_o monk_n 20._o monk_n malm_n de_fw-fr gest_n pontif._n f._n 165._o b._n n._n 20._o in_o the_o abbey_n of_o fischampe_n or_o fecampe_n in_o normandy_n and_o give_v great_a assistance_n unto_o william_n in_o his_o expedition_n into_o england_n 1â—_n england_n eadmer_n fol_z 7._o n_o 1â—_n for_o which_o he_o make_v a_o bargain_n with_o he_o to_o be_v make_v a_o bishop_n if_o he_o overcome_v remigius_n bishop_n of_o lincoln_n walter_n giffard_n county_n giffard_n orderic_n fol._n 522._o c._n and_o other_o county_n earl_n of_o buckingham_n buckingham_n he_o be_v son_n d._n son_n ord._n vit._n fol._n 5â—2_n d._n of_o gualchelin_n de_fw-fr ferrariis_fw-la a_o stranger_n and_o a_o adventurer_n with_o the_o conqueror_n and_o be_v possess_v of_o 176_o lordship_n or_o manner_n whereof_o in_o derby_n in_o domesd_v in_o come_v derby_n darbyshire_n 114_o as_o before_o be_v note_v hen_n the_o ferrier_n earl_n of_o derby_n and_o and_o this_o rye_n this_o monast_n angl._n vol._n 2._o fol_z 889._o n._n 50_o 60.4_o ibid._n 900._o n._n 20._o adam_n three_o son_n of_o hubert_n de_fw-fr rye_n adam_n who_o have_v give_v he_o great_a possession_n in_o kent_n be_v three_o son_n to_o hubert_n de_fw-fr rye_n a_o trusty_a servant_n to_o william_n when_o duke_n of_o normandy_n and_o employ_v by_o he_o to_o edward_n the_o confessor_n in_o the_o business_n of_o declare_v he_o his_o successor_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n etc._n etc._n eudo_fw-la be_v his_o fourth_z son_n adam_n brother_n unto_o eudo_fw-la steward_n of_o the_o household_n or_o sewar_n to_o the_o king_n who_o inquire_v into_o and_o describe_v as_o well_o the_o possession_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o conqueror_n as_o of_o his_o great_a man_n worcestershire_n commissioner_n in_o worcestershire_n make_v worcestershire_n the_o book_n themselves_o how_o and_o of_o what_o thing_n the_o survey_n be_v make_v they_o note_v what_o and_o how_o much_o arable_a land_n pasture_n meadow_n and_o wood_n every_o man_n have_v and_o what_o be_v the_o extent_n and_o value_n of_o they_o before_o the_o conquest_n and_o at_o the_o present_a time_n the_o survey_n be_v make_v by_o county_n hundred_o town_n or_o manner_n hide_n half_a hide_n virgates_n and_o acre_n of_o land_n meadow_n pasture_n and_o wood._n also_o they_o note_v what_o mill_n and_o fishing_n and_o in_o some_o county_n what_o and_o how_o many_o freeman_n sockman_n villain_n bordar_n servant_n young_a cattle_n sheep_n hog_n work_v horse_n skep_v of_o bee_n etc._n etc._n in_o every_o town_n and_o manner_n and_o who_o they_o belong_v to_o always_o in_o every_o county_n set_v down_o themselves_o down_o the_o book_n themselves_o the_o king_n name_n first_o and_o after_o he_o all_o his_o great_a man_n in_o order_n that_o hold_v of_o he_o in_o chief_a with_o number_n place_v before_o they_o for_o the_o better_a find_v they_o in_o the_o book_n as_o may_v be_v 10._o be_v append._n n._n 10._o see_v in_o the_o catalogue_n of_o tenant_n in_o chief_a or_o the_o possessor_n of_o land_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o survey_n there_o follow_v all_o england_n except_o three_o county_n of_o westmoreland_n cumberland_n and_o northumberland_n yorkshire_n that_o part_n of_o lancashire_n between_o the_o river_n mersey_n and_o ribble_z be_v lay_v so_o and_o describe_v in_o cheshire_n the_o other_o part_n be_v describe_v in_o yorkshire_n be_v describe_v and_o part_n of_o wales_n and_o the_o description_n or_o survey_v write_v in_o two_o book_n call_v the_o great_a and_o little_a little_a call_v domesday-book_n why_o so_o call_v there_o be_v no_o recede_v from_o or_o avoid_v what_o be_v write_v in_o this_o book_n and_o therefore_o ob_fw-la hoc_fw-la as_o be_v as_o p._n 41._o b._n domesday_n from_o the_o saxon_a dome_n bordarii_n what_o they_o be_v gervase_n of_o tilbury_n say_v nos_fw-la cundem_fw-la librum_fw-la judiciarium_fw-la nominamus_fw-la non_fw-la quod_fw-la in_o eo_fw-la de_fw-la prepositis_fw-la aliquibus_fw-la dubiis_fw-la feratur_fw-la sententia_fw-la sed_fw-la quod_fw-la ab_fw-la eo_fw-la sicut_fw-la ab_fw-la ultimo_fw-la die_fw-la judicii_fw-la non_fw-la licet_fw-la ulla_fw-la ratione_fw-la descedere_fw-la domesday-book_n remain_v in_o the_o custody_n of_o the_o vicechamberlain_n of_o his_o majesty_n exchequer_n the_o little_a book_n contain_v only_o the_o county_n of_o norfolk_n suffolk_z and_o essex_n this_o survey_n be_v begin_v about_o the_o fourteen_o year_n of_o the_o conqueror_n and_o finish_v 450._o finish_v little_a domesday_n fol._n 450._o in_o the_o twenty_o of_o his_o reign_n anno_fw-la domini_fw-la 1086._o to_o make_v the_o manner_n of_o the_o entry_n in_o these_o book_n more_o clear_a i_o shall_v give_v one_o or_o two_o example_n easessa_n terra_fw-la regis_fw-la dimid_n hundred_o de_fw-fr witham_n witham_n tenuit_fw-la heraldus_n t._n r._n e._n pro_fw-la manner_n &_o pro_fw-la 5_o hidis_fw-la tunc_fw-la 21_o follow_v 21_o what_o these_o villain_n be_v see_v in_o the_o letter_n f_z hear_v follow_v villain_n modo_fw-la 15_o tunc_fw-la 9_o county_n in_o the_o appendix_n be_v two_o catalogue_n of_o all_o the_o ter-tenent_n or_o as_o they_o may_v be_v call_v proprietor_n name_n in_o this_o survey_n one_o alphabetical_a the_o other_o as_o they_o be_v find_v before_o the_o description_n of_o every_o county_n county_n bordarii_n from_o the_o french_a bordier_n a_o villain_n or_o cottager_n and_o that_o from_o board_n a_o little_a house_n or_o cottage_n in_o the_o field_n etc._n etc._n 28._o etc._n custum_fw-la norm_a gloss_n sup_v c._n 28._o bordage_n be_v a_o tenure_n where_o such_o a_o house_n or_o cottage_n be_v give_v to_o any_o one_o to_o do_v any_o base_a service_n for_o his_o lord_n as_o to_o be_v a_o executioner_n or_o hangman_n or_o other_o base_a service_n and_o he_o who_o have_v any_o thing_n give_v he_o after_o that_o manner_n can_v not_o sell_v give_v or_o engage_v it_o for_o that_o it_o be_v give_v he_o to_o hold_v after_o that_o form_n bordar_n modo_fw-la 10_o tunc_fw-la 6_o 6_o be_v servi_n what_o they_o be_v servi_n servants_z or_o rather_o slave_n for_o servus_n in_o classic_a author_n never_o signify_v otherwise_o be_v of_o glossary_a of_o spelm._n gloss_n fol._n 513._o col_fw-fr 2._o see_v more_o what_o
king_n edward_n have_v 40_o acre_n of_o land_n and_o one_o bordar_n and_o three_o acre_n of_o meadow_n which_o be_v always_o account_v one_o carucate_n or_o there_o be_v always_o one_o plough_n employ_v in_o gersinga_n ibidem_fw-la gersinga_n ibidem_fw-la octo_fw-la liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la algari_fw-la commendati_fw-la tantum_fw-la de_fw-la 60_o acr._n terr_n semper_fw-la quatuor_fw-la bordar_n etc._n etc._n in_o gersinge_v eight_o freeman_n who_o be_v only_o under_o the_o protection_n of_o algar_n have_v sixty_o acre_n of_o land_n there_o be_v always_o foâ—r_v bordar_n etc._n etc._n and_o such_o as_o these_o be_v the_o ordinary_a freeman_n of_o this_o county_n wherever_o they_o be_v find_v in_o this_o survey_n and_o their_o quality_n the_o same_o though_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v doubt_v but_o their_o condition_n be_v hard_a after_o the_o conquest_n than_o before_o when_o they_o change_v their_o patron_n in_o suffolk_n there_o be_v also_o many_o freeman_n like_o these_o few_o or_o no_o socman_n sudfulc_n b._n sudfulc_n ibid._n f._n 339._o b._n terra_fw-la roger._n comitis_fw-la hundrede_fw-la de_fw-fr colenese_n waletunam_fw-la tenuit_fw-la normannus_n tempore_fw-la regis_fw-la edwardi_fw-la &_o modo_fw-la tenet_n sub_fw-la rogero_n bigot_n etc._n etc._n in_o eadem_fw-la villa_n xviii_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la commendati_fw-la godricus_fw-la faber_n edricus_n ulnotus_fw-la etc._n etc._n de_fw-la lxxx_o acr._n terrae_fw-la &_o subtus_fw-la eos_fw-la vi_fw-la bordar_n semper_fw-la inter_fw-la eos_fw-la three_o car._n &_o 1_o acr._n prati_n &_o valent_fw-la thirty_o sol._n etc._n etc._n norman_n hold_v walton_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n and_o now_o hold_v it_o of_o roger_n bigot_n etc._n etc._n in_o the_o same_o town_n there_o be_v 18_o freeman_n under_o protection_n godric_n probable_o a_o smith_n or_o carpenter_n edric_n and_o ulnot_n and_o so_o all_o the_o 18_o name_v in_o the_o survey_n who_o hold_v eighty_o acre_n of_o land_n and_o have_v under_o they_o 6_o bordar_n among_o they_o they_o have_v three_o carucate_n and_o one_o acre_n of_o meadow_n they_o pay_v thirty_o shilling_n in_o maistuna_fw-la ibidem_fw-la maistuna_fw-la ibidem_fw-la tenuit_fw-la idem_fw-la normannus_n t._n r._n e._n vi_fw-la liberos_fw-la homines_fw-la commendati_fw-la de_fw-la c._n acr._n edricus_n &_o burthricus_n &_o wulbaldus_n &_o aluricus_n &_o almarus_n &_o wulricus_fw-la &_o 1_o villain_n de_fw-fr quatuor_fw-la acr._n &_o quatuor_fw-la bordar_n semper_fw-la inter_fw-la eos_fw-la quatuor_fw-la acr._n &_o two_o acr._n prat._n &_o val_n xx_o sol._n in_o maston_n the_o same_o norman_a hold_v in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n six_o freeman_n under_o his_o protection_n who_o have_v a_o hundred_o acre_n edric_n and_o burthric_n wulbald_n aluric_n almar_n and_o wulric_n and_o one_o villain_n who_o have_v four_o acre_n and_o four_o bordar_n who_o always_o hold_v among_o they_o four_o acre_n and_o two_o acre_n of_o meadow_n and_o 20_o s._n in_o burch_n a._n burch_n ibid._n f._n 340._o a._n tenuit_fw-la idem_fw-la normannus_n t._n r._n e._n xuj_o liberos_fw-la homines_fw-la commendatos_fw-la de_fw-la 1._o car._n terr_n &_o vi_fw-la bordar_n pertinentes_fw-la ad_fw-la waletunam_fw-la &_o quatuor_fw-la caruc_fw-la inter_fw-la eos_fw-la &_o two_o acr._n prat._n &_o val_n xl_o sol._n in_o burch_n the_o same_o norman_a hold_v in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n sixteen_o freeman_n under_o his_o protection_n all_o particular_o name_v in_o the_o survey_n who_o have_v one_o carucate_n of_o land_n and_o six_o bordar_n belong_v append_v or_o regardant_a to_o the_o manner_n of_o waletun_n they_o have_v four_o carucate_n or_o plough_n between_o they_o and_o two_o acre_n of_o meadow_n and_o pay_v xl_o shilling_n in_o alteinestuna_fw-la a._n alteinestuna_fw-la ibid._n f._n 341._o a._n duo_fw-la liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la xi_o acr._n turbinus_n &_o ulvinus_n &_o valent_fw-la xxii_o d._n 1_o ecclesia_fw-la &_o five_o acr._n *_o terr_n libre_fw-la &_o val_n xuj_o d._n in_o altenston_n two_o freeman_n hold_v eleven_o acre_n turlin_n and_o ulvin_n who_o pay_v 22_o d._n there_o be_v a_o church_n and_o five_o acre_n of_o free_a land_n which_o pay_v xuj_o d._n and_o so_o in_o many_o other_o town_n there_o be_v the_o like_a entry_n of_o one_o two_o three_o four_o or_o five_o freeman_n and_o at_o last_o it_o be_v say_v omnes_fw-la isti_fw-la sunt_fw-la ibid._n sunt_fw-la ibid._n liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la r._n bigâ—t_n &_o normannus_n tenet_fw-la eos_fw-la de_fw-la eo_fw-la all_o these_o be_v the_o freeman_n of_o roger_n bigot_n and_o norman_n hold_v they_o of_o he_o terra_fw-la b._n terra_fw-la ibid._n f._n 406._o b._n hugonis_fw-la de_fw-la montesorti_fw-la hundret_fw-la de_fw-fr carleford_n in_o bischelea_n tres_fw-la liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la in_o dominio_fw-la gudmundi_fw-la t.r.e._n in_o bischeley_n there_o be_v three_o freeman_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n under_o the_o dominion_n or_o power_n of_o gudmund_n or_o in_o his_o demeasn_a which_o be_v all_o one_o in_o ibid._n in_o ibid._n burgo_n 1_n libre_fw-la homo_fw-la comendat_fw-la dimid_n sanct._n e._n i._n e._n etheldredae_n t._n r._n e._n &_o dimid_n antecessor_n roberti_n malet_n in_o burg_n there_o be_v one_o freeman_n half_a under_o the_o protection_n of_o st._n audrey_n that_o be_v the_o church_n of_o ely_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n and_o half_a under_o the_o patronage_n of_o the_o antecessor_n of_o robert_n malet_n in_o eadem_fw-la 1_o libre_fw-la homo_fw-la commendat_fw-la dimid_n sancti_fw-la e._n &_o dimid_n edrici_fw-la in_o the_o same_o town_n there_o be_v one_o freeman_n who_o pay_v half_o the_o money_n for_o his_o protection_n to_o saint_n aurdrey_n or_o the_o church_n of_o ely_n and_o the_o other_o half_a to_o edric_n sudfulc_a a._n sudfulc_a ibid._n f._n 287._o a._n sanfort_n hund._n &_o dimid_n tetra_fw-la regis_fw-la quam_fw-la aluricus_n want_v custodit_fw-la he_o be_v the_o king_n prepositus_fw-la or_o reeve_n and_o manage_v it_o for_o he_o bercolt_n tenuit_fw-la heroldus_fw-la t.r.e._n xiii_o car._n terr_n pro_fw-la manerio_fw-la tunc_fw-la xlii_o vill._n modo_fw-la xliii_o tunc_fw-la v._o bordar_n modo_fw-la xxii_o tunc_fw-la vi_fw-la servi_fw-la modo_fw-la quatuor_fw-la tunc_fw-la &_o post_fw-la tres_fw-la car._n in_o dominio_fw-la modo_fw-la two_o tunc_fw-la xx_o car._n hominum_fw-la post_fw-la &_o modo_fw-la x._o duodecim_fw-la acr_n prati_n silu._n m._n porcor_fw-la semper_fw-la 1._o molin_n semper_fw-la 1._o runcin_n &_o x._o animal_n &_o xxviii_o por_fw-mi &_o lxxxu._n ov_n &_o xxvi_o capr._n huic_fw-la manerio_fw-la pertinet_fw-la 1._o berwita_n sceveleia_n two_o car._n terr_v t._n r._n e._n tunc_fw-la x_o will_v post_n &_o modo_fw-la vi_fw-la semper_fw-la seven_o bordar_n tunc_fw-la iiii_o serve_v modo_fw-la two_o tunc_fw-la two_o car_n in_o dominio_fw-la post_fw-la &_o modo_fw-la 1._o tunc_fw-la viij_o car._n homin_v post_n &_o modo_fw-la plough_n modo_fw-la because_o they_o lay_v waste_v or_o they_o have_v not_o tenant_n can_v set_v up_o so_o many_o plough_n iiii_o xuj_o acr._n prati_n &_o 1_o molin_n semper_fw-la 1._o runcin_n &_o iiii_o animal_n &_o seven_o por._n &_o xxiii_o ov_fw-mi beâ—leiam_n tenuit_fw-la comes_fw-la guert._n t._n r._n e._n post_fw-la eam_fw-la adjunit_fw-la one_a adjunit_fw-la ralph_n de_fw-fr guader_n who_o story_n be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o life_n of_o william_n the_o one_a comes_fw-la rud._n stalra_fw-la huic_fw-la manerio_fw-la pro_fw-la berwita_fw-la t._n r._n willielmi_n pro_fw-la two_o carucat_fw-la terr_n tunc_fw-la nineteeen_o villi_fw-la modo_fw-la xiiii_o semper_fw-la tres_fw-la bord._n tunc_fw-la iiii_o serve_v tunc_fw-la two_o car_n in_o dominio_fw-la post_fw-la &_o modo_fw-la 1._o tunc_fw-la viij_o car_fw-fr hom_n post_n &_o modo_fw-la 1._o et_fw-la viij_o car_n possunt_fw-la in_o dominium_fw-la &_o villani_n &_o nota._n quia_fw-la villani_n villanos_fw-la restaurari_fw-la viij_o acr._n prati_n silv_v xxii_o por_fw-mi &_o viij_o animal_n &_o viij_o por_fw-mi &_o xlii_o ov_n &_o val_n vi_o d._n scoteleiam_n tenuit_fw-la comes_fw-la guert_n confessor_n guert_n they_o be_v two_o carucate_n and_o half_a in_o edward_n the_o confessor_n twelve_o car_n &_o dimid_n &_o 1._o acr_n &_o val_n penny_n val_n time_n but_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o survey_n lie_v waste_v and_o worth_a but_o two_o penny_n two_o d._n pro_fw-la 1_o manerio_fw-la t._n r._n e._n tunc_fw-la twelve_o villani_n modo_fw-la sex_n semper_fw-la two_o bord._n &_o tunc_fw-la iiii_o serve_v modo_fw-la 1._o tunc_fw-la 11_o car._n in_o dominio_fw-la post_fw-la &_o modo_fw-la 1._o tunc_fw-la iiii_o car._n hom_n post_n &_o modo_fw-la 1._o &_o iiii_o car_n possunt_fw-la restaurari_fw-la &_o iiii_o acr_n prati_n et_fw-fr 1_o runcin_n et_fw-fr xl_o ov_fw-mi huic_fw-la manerio_fw-la pertinebant_fw-la t.r.e._n ccx_o sockman_n modo_fw-la non_fw-la sunt_fw-la nisi_fw-la cxix_o et_fw-la habent_fw-la xxii_o car_n terre_fw-fr et_fw-fr dimid_n thirty_o acr_n minus_n et_fw-fr xlii_o bord._n tunc_fw-la xxix_o car_n modo_fw-la xxvii_o et_fw-la xxiiii_o acr_n et_fw-fr dimid_n prati_n dvae_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la de_fw-la lxii_o acr_n de_fw-mi his_o hominibus_fw-la qui_fw-la huic_fw-la manerio_fw-la remansi_fw-la sunt_fw-la non_fw-la habuit_fw-la heroldus_fw-la etiam_fw-la commendationem_fw-la
judgement_n of_o his_o pares_fw-la peer_n etc._n etc._n that_o their_o son_n and_o grandchild_n shall_v succeed_v in_o their_o fee_n observe_v the_o ancient_a custom_n of_o give_v their_o horse_n and_o arm_n upon_o every_o succession_n to_o their_o lord_n or_o patron_n also_o in_o the_o same_o law_n there_o be_v extant_a another_o constitution_n of_o lotharius_n fe_n lotharius_n his_o constitution_n about_o fe_n tit._n 9_o lege_fw-la 9_o that_o 6._o novembris_fw-la 1036._o make_v at_o the_o request_n and_o desire_n and_o by_o the_o council_n of_o his_o archbishop_n duke_n marquess_n count_n palatine_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o nobility_n for_o restrain_v vassal_n from_o aliening_n and_o embezzle_v their_o fee_n and_o beneficia_fw-la without_o licence_n of_o your_o lord_n by_o which_o mean_v the_o service_n of_o the_o empire_n have_v be_v much_o impair_v and_o neglect_v and_o the_o profit_n and_o advantage_n of_o their_o lord_n much_o diminish_v 13._o diminish_v gryph_n de_fw-fr weickbild_n saxon._n c._n 42._o n._n 12_o 13._o these_o fee_n although_o they_o receive_v another_o form_n under_o charles_n the_o great_a and_o in_o germany_n under_o conrade_n the_o first_o yet_o their_o original_a be_v not_o to_o be_v attribute_v to_o they_o and_o be_v much_o more_o ancient_a of_o right_n belong_v to_o the_o longobard_n but_o whither_o their_o origin_n be_v from_o the_o longobard_n or_o not_o certain_z it_o be_v these_o tenor_n and_o land_n be_v among_o the_o franc_n a_o german-people_n in_o france_n some_o century_n of_o year_n before_o charlemain_n for_o clotharius_n by_o his_o edict_n 7._o edict_n vale_n rerum_fw-la francicar_n tom._n 3._o fol._n 7._o anno_fw-la domini_fw-la 615.15_o o_fw-la calend._n novemb_n 31_o o_o regni_fw-la svi_fw-la parisiis_fw-la confirm_v to_o all_o person_n their_o beneficia_fw-la or_o fee_n which_o have_v be_v grant_v to_o they_o by_o his_o predecessor_n or_o himself_o it_o appear_v further_a for_o the_o antiquity_n of_o feudal_n custom_n consent_n custom_n ib._n fol_z 254._o anno_fw-la 668._o the_o noble_a franc_n marry_v not_o their_o daughter_n without_o the_o king_n consent_n that_o the_o nobleman_n of_o france_n who_o hold_v fee_n or_o benefice_n of_o their_o king_n dare_v not_o marry_v their_o daughter_n without_o their_o consent_n and_o long_o before_o that_o it_o be_v usual_a for_o the_o court._n the_o ib._n tom._n 2._o fol._n 6._o anno_fw-la domini_fw-la 565._o their_o child_n be_v educate_v in_o the_o king_n court._n franc_n to_o send_v their_o child_n when_o grow_v up_o to_o the_o king_n court_n and_o to_o nobleman_n to_o be_v educate_v in_o liberal_a art_n and_o warlike_a exercise_n this_o without_o question_n be_v a_o feudal_a custom_n and_o by_o this_o way_n of_o education_n the_o prince_n have_v two_o advantage_n as_o our_o 438._o our_o ib._n fol._n 438._o author_n observe_v first_o that_o these_o young_a man_n be_v pledge_n of_o their_o father_n fidelity_n towards_o they_o and_o then_o that_o the_o nobility_n be_v accustom_v to_o their_o king_n in_o their_o tender_a year_n and_o learn_v how_o to_o revere_v and_o love_v they_o as_o their_o parent_n in_o who_o court_n they_o have_v be_v educate_v from_o hence_o we_o may_v with_o great_a probability_n conclude_v that_o in_o these_o time_n the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o land_n in_o france_n and_o old_a germany_n be_v beneficia_fw-la or_o feudal_a land_n and_o hold_v by_o military_a and_o other_o public_a service_n the_o alodia_n or_o land_n of_o inheritance_n be_v but_o few_o in_o respect_n of_o they_o nor_o be_v there_o many_o land-holders_n especial_o of_o considerable_a quantity_n except_o the_o noble_a and_o great_a man_n and_o they_o be_v only_o such_o as_o be_v military_a man_n and_o execute_v public_a office_n and_o ecclesiastic_n not_o but_o their_o mancipia_fw-la and_o servi_n their_o slave_n and_o drudge_n may_v hold_v a_o cottage_n and_o some_o very_a small_a parcel_n of_o land_n at_o the_o will_n of_o their_o lord_n as_o they_o do_v here_o in_o the_o saxon_n time_n before_o the_o conquest_n for_o that_o such_o there_o be_v here_o then_o we_o find_v in_o the_o conqueror_n survey_v from_o one_o end_n of_o it_o to_o the_o other_o under_o the_o norman_a name_n of_o villani_n bordarii_n servi_n etc._n etc._n take_v one_o instance_n for_o a_o thousand_o easessa_n tit._n terra_fw-la regis_fw-la dimid_n hund._n de_fw-fr harlava_n hadfeldam_n tenuit_fw-la haroldus_n t._n e._n r._n pro_fw-la 1._o man._n &_o viginti_fw-la hidis_fw-la tunc_fw-la l._n villani_n modo_fw-la lx_o tunc_fw-la nineteeen_o bordarii_fw-la modo_fw-la thirty_o tunc_fw-la xx_o servi_n modo_fw-la xx11_n etc._n etc._n of_o their_o tenor_n hitherto_o we_o pass_v unto_o their_o court_n and_o judicatories_n which_o if_o not_o the_o same_o yet_o be_v very_o much_o alike_o here_o and_o in_o germany_n for_o as_o our_o english_a saxon_n have_v their_o scyregemote_a or_o court_n court_v the_o german_n have_v their_o county_n court_v so_o the_o ancient_a german_n have_v their_o provincial_n or_o county_n placita_fw-la mall_n or_o convention_n for_o do_v of_o justice_n and_o they_o be_v hold_v twice_o in_o the_o year_n ll._n human_a edgar_n c._n 5._o or_o often_o leges_fw-la polit_fw-la canut_n c._n 17._o so_o capit._n car._n l._n 7._o c._n 96._o year_n twice_o in_o a_o year_n ut_fw-la ad_fw-la ad_fw-la fliccamburch_n gryph_n de_fw-fr weickl_n sac._n c._n 66._o n._n 4._o mallus_n why_o so_o call_v ib._n c._n 65._o n._n 1.2_o fliccamburch_n it_o be_v call_v mallus_n or_o mallum_n from_o ein_fw-mi mahl_n signify_v in_o saxon_n a_o sign_n mark_v or_o token_n as_o a_o stone_n a_o tree_n a_o perch_n or_o pole_n a_o cross_n a_o hill_n etc._n etc._n at_o which_o the_o mall_n or_o court_n be_v hold_v they_o be_v always_o keep_v at_o a_o certain_a note_a place_n among_o the_o saxon_n and_o so_o with_o we_o of_o which_o one_o instance_n for_o many_o in_o the_o county_n of_o norfolk_n from_o a_o writ_n or_o commission_n of_o william_n rufus_n upon_o a_o claim_n of_o the_o abbot_n of_o ramsey_n to_o certain_a land_n in_o holme_n in_o these_o word_n willielmus_fw-la rex_fw-la anglorum_fw-la h._n camerario_fw-la salutem_fw-la facias_fw-la convenire_fw-la consedere_fw-la 3._o hundr_n &_o dimid_n apud_fw-la fliccamburch_n etc._n etc._n this_o without_o doubt_n have_v be_v a_o note_a place_n before_o the_o conquest_n for_o the_o meeting_n of_o all_o or_o some_o of_o these_o hundred_o the_o place_n be_v upon_o a_o hill_n about_o a_o mile_n above_o the_o town_n of_o flitcham_n in_o the_o hundred_o of_o freebridge_n citra_fw-la lin_n in_o norfolk_n on_o the_o westside_n of_o the_o way_n lead_v from_o flitcham_n to_o shernborn_a now_o call_v flitchamburgh_n or_o burrow_n be_v a_o square_a plece_n of_o ground_n about_o a_o acre_n ditch_v about_o with_o a_o old_a large_a ditch_n about_o eight_o mile_n from_o holme_n where_o the_o land_n in_o controversy_n lay_v mallum_n venire_fw-la nemo_fw-la tardat_fw-la unum_fw-la circa_fw-la aestatem_fw-la alterum_fw-la circa_fw-la autumnum_fw-la ad_fw-la aliud_fw-la vero_fw-la si_fw-la necessitas_fw-la fuerit_fw-la vel_fw-la si_fw-la denunciatio_fw-la regis_fw-la urgeat_fw-la vocatus_fw-la venire_fw-la nemo_fw-la tardet_fw-la no_o man_n shall_v forbear_v to_o come_v to_o the_o mall_n or_o general_n meet_v of_o the_o prince_n or_o county_n twice_o in_o a_o year_n about_o summer_n and_o autumn_n and_o if_o there_o be_v necessity_n or_o the_o emperor_n denounce_v by_o edict_n another_o every_o one_o that_o be_v summon_v shall_v come_v in_o court_n as_o in_o england_n so_o in_o germany_n the_o bishop_n and_o earl_n both_o sit_v in_o the_o county_n court_n and_o as_o by_o those_o law_n of_o edgar_n and_o cnute_n the_o bishop_n of_o the_o diocese_n and_o alderman_n or_o earl_n be_v both_o to_o be_v there_o present_a to_o give_v mutual_a assistance_n each_o to_o other_o according_a to_o their_o several_a function_n and_o office_n in_o execute_v justice_n so_o be_v they_o also_o to_o be_v both_o present_a in_o the_o german_a mall_n or_o general_a placita_fw-la addit_fw-la 2._o car._n ad_fw-la ll._n boioar._n c._n 10._o ll._n longobard_fw-mi lib._n 2._o tit._n 53._o or_o 54._o c._n 1._o these_o county_n court_n be_v much_o like_o the_o sheriff_n turn_n which_o be_v due_o observe_v with_o we_o in_o former_a time_n germany_n county_n court_v every_o month_n in_o germany_n beside_o these_o there_o be_v as_o now_o monthly_a county_n court_v in_o every_o county_n and_o the_o like_a we_o find_v in_o germany_n among_o the_o old_a bavarian_o ll._n boioar._n tit._n 2._o c._n 15._o §_o 1._o let_v there_o be_v placita_fw-la or_o court_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o every_o month_n or_o every_o fifteen_o day_n to_o inquire_v into_o matter_n comitatum_fw-la infra_fw-la illum_fw-la comitatum_fw-la so_o as_o peace_n may_v be_v in_o the_o province_n and_o all_o freeman_n shall_v meet_v at_o the_o appoint_a day_n which_o shall_v reside_v within_o the_o county_n whither_o they_o be_v the_o king_n vassal_n or_o the_o duke_n all_o shall_v come_v
juraverunt_fw-la testantur_fw-la quod_fw-la terr_n haward_n in_o eurwicscire_fw-la tenuit_fw-la ws._n mallet_n etc._n etc._n de_fw-fr omni_fw-la terrâ_fw-la asae_n testantur_fw-la quod_fw-la roberti_n mallet_n debet_fw-la esse_fw-la clamores_fw-la in_o north_n tredinge_v lincolniae_fw-la testatur_fw-la wapentach_n &_o totus_fw-la comitatus_fw-la quod_fw-la episcopus_fw-la dunelm_n debet_fw-la habere_fw-la etc._n etc._n norff._n terra_fw-la sanctae_fw-la aldred_n hundr_n &_o dimid_n de_fw-fr clatsclosa_fw-la in_o photesthorpâ_fw-la sed_fw-la totus_fw-la hundredus_fw-la testatur_fw-la eam_fw-la fuisse_fw-la t._n e._n r._n ad_fw-la sanctam_fw-la adeldred_n hantescire_fw-la andov_n hundr_n in_o and._n hoc_fw-la testatur_fw-la hundr_n so_o in_o doomsday_n ever_o where_o the_o hundred_o witness_v or_o testify_v this_o the_o wapentach_n witness_v or_o testify_v this_o or_o the_o county_n witness_v or_o testify_v this_o or_o that_o which_o be_v no_o more_o than_o the_o juries_n or_o man_n of_o the_o hundred_o or_o county_n that_o be_v summon_v swear_v and_o give_v in_o before_o the_o commissioner_n that_o take_v they_o the_o particular_n of_o the_o survey_n and_o of_o such_o indeed_o witness_n do_v our_o jury_n consist_v sometime_o after_o the_o conquest_n for_o in_o glanvills_n time_n 17._o time_n glanv_n l._n 2._o c._n 17._o none_o be_v admit_v to_o be_v of_o a_o jury_n that_o know_v not_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o thing_n in_o question_n and_o by_o their_o own_o proper_a view_n or_o sight_n and_o hear_v have_v have_v knowledge_n of_o it_o few_o law_n in_o these_o elder_a time_n possession_n few_o law_n in_o elder_a time_n about_o land_n and_o possession_n concern_v land_n either_o here_o or_o in_o germany_n as_o i_o note_v before_o and_o the_o reason_n be_v that_o most_o part_n of_o the_o land_n be_v then_o beneficia_fw-la or_o fee_n hold_v in_o military-service_n they_o be_v hold_v and_o govern_v by_o such_o custom_n and_o unwritten_a law_n as_o be_v not_o any_o where_o publish_v except_o in_o one_o or_o two_o fragment_n and_o all_o other_o right_n concern_v they_o be_v only_o handle_v in_o their_o lord_n private_a court_n above_o all_o these_o court_n the_o king_n have_v his_o court_n ll._n edgar_n human_a c._n 2._o ll._n polit_fw-la canut_n c._n 16._o where_o no_o man_n may_v appeal_v unless_o he_o can_v not_o have_v justice_n do_v he_o in_o the_o hundred_o or_o county_n and_o then_o it_o be_v to_o he_o both_o a_o court_n of_o law_n and_o equity_n where_n a_o appeal_n to_o the_o king_n court_n when_o justice_n can_v not_o be_v do_v other_o where_n if_o he_o can_v not_o have_v right_a at_o home_n or_o if_o that_o right_o be_v too_o heavy_a for_o he_o then_o let_v he_o seek_v to_o the_o king_n for_o ease_n to_o the_o king_n himself_o that_o he_o may_v have_v the_o rigour_n of_o the_o law_n mitigate_v by_o the_o conscience_n of_o the_o prince_n the_o same_o law_n and_o the_o same_o court_n and_o power_n of_o the_o prince_n be_v among_o the_o old_a german_n capit._fw-la car._n lib._n 5._o c._n 14._o &_o c._n 141._o 2._o chart_n and_o donation_n sign_v in_o public_a mall_n and_o convention_n see_v chirographum_fw-la testamentum_fw-la chartae_fw-la pariculae_fw-la vel_fw-la pariles_fw-la chartae_fw-la indentatae_fw-la indentuâ—ae_fw-la in_o use_n in_o old_a germany_n and_o old_a france_n before_o know_v in_o england_n mabâ—llon_n dear_a diplomatica_fw-la lib._n 1._o c._n 2._o in_o their_o public_a mall_n their_o chart_n of_o the_o sales_n of_o their_o estate_n donation_n and_o tradition_n so_o they_o call_v some_o donation_n and_o sales_n to_o religious_a house_n and_o monastery_n be_v confirm_v see_v chartae_fw-la antiquae_fw-la in_o antiquitat_fw-la alaman_fw-mi tom._n secundo_fw-la parte_fw-la prima_fw-la &_o antiquitates_fw-la fuldenses_n lib._n 1._o where_o be_v many_o instance_n to_o be_v find_v among_o those_o charter_n and_o tradition_n or_o as_o we_o may_v call_v they_o deed_n and_o conveyance_n see_v vadianus_n tom._n 3._o fol._n 44_o 71._o antiqu._n alaman_n by_o godalst_a who_o say_v the_o consent_n of_o the_o come_v be_v require_v to_o all_o donation_n to_o monastery_n lest_o such_o land_n may_v be_v give_v they_o as_o pay_v rent_n to_o the_o prince_n and_o by_o that_o mean_v his_o revenue_n may_v be_v injure_v and_o conveyance_n of_o land_n in_o our_o english_a saxon_n time_n hundred_o time_n summoner_n gaves_n p._n 87._o conveyance_n of_o land_n enter_v in_o the_o shire-book_n they_o also_o and_o mortgage_n record_v in_o the_o hundred_o be_v enter_v in_o the_o shire-book_n or_o record_v in_o the_o hundred_o perhaps_o for_o the_o better_a security_n of_o their_o estate_n and_o their_o mortgage_n likewise_o or_o how_o shall_v the_o hundred_o or_o county_n present_a before_o the_o commissioner_n for_o make_v the_o conqueror_n survey_v that_o such_o and_o such_o land_n be_v mortgage_v and_o the_o sum_n for_o which_o they_o be_v engage_v terra_fw-la invadiata_fw-la with_o the_o sum_n for_o how_o much_o and_o to_o who_o express_v which_o i_o have_v see_v in_o doomsday_n more_o than_o once_o but_o do_v not_o remember_v the_o place_n and_o that_o it_o be_v so_o here_o after_o the_o conquest_n it_o not_o only_o appear_v by_o what_o bracton_n say_v fol._n 38._o n._n 12._o but_o it_o be_v evident_a also_o from_o the_o witness_n to_o our_o ancient_a deed_n which_o be_v common_o the_o best_a man_n in_o the_o country_n and_o live_v in_o divers_a town_n and_o place_n somewhat_o remote_a as_o john_n of_o such_o a_o town_n thomas_n of_o another_o and_z richard_z of_o a_o three_o etc._n etc._n who_o it_o be_v probable_a do_v not_o meet_v to_o be_v witness_n to_o a_o conveyance_n of_o a_o acre_n or_o two_o or_o some_o small_a parcel_n of_o land_n but_o they_o be_v suitor_n to_o the_o county_n or_o hundred_o court_n and_o bind_v to_o attendance_n there_o those_o deed_n or_o chart_n be_v bring_v thither_o and_o witness_v in_o open_a court_n as_o there_o be_v a_o agreeableness_n in_o their_o law_n and_o court_n officer_n the_o german_a judge_n and_o officer_n like_v to_o the_o english_a saxon_a officer_n so_o be_v there_o a_o likeness_n in_o their_o judge_n and_o chief_a officer_n come_v in_o the_o latin_a version_n of_o the_o german_a law_n and_o aldermannus_n in_o the_o english_a saxon_n be_v the_o general_a word_n by_o which_o they_o express_v their_o judge_n or_o at_o least_o those_o which_o be_v count_n and_o alderman_n be_v also_o judge_n and_o under_o one_o name_n execute_v two_o office_n one_o of_o a_o governor_n of_o a_o county_n shire_n or_o province_n the_o other_o of_o a_o judge_n of_o the_o same_o our_o old_a latin_a historian_n translate_v the_o saxon_a ealderman_n by_o regulus_n subregulus_fw-la patricius_n princeps_fw-la dux_n comes_n and_o consul_n and_o it_o be_v express_v by_o every_o of_o these_o latin_a word_n according_a to_o the_o way_n of_o those_o time_n seld._n tit._n hon._n fol._n 502._o officer_n aldermannus_n a_o general_a word_n for_o many_o officer_n the_o shirereve_n or_o earl_n be_v call_v aldermannus_n comitatus_fw-la the_o chief_a magistrate_n of_o a_o city_n chief_a officer_n of_o a_o burg_n or_o town_n and_o the_o constable_n of_o a_o castle_n or_o castellan_n be_v call_v aldermannus_n civitatis_fw-la burgi_n vel_fw-la castelli_n and_o the_o centenary_n hundredary_n or_o chief_a officer_n of_o the_o hundred_o or_o wapentach_n be_v call_v aldermannus_n hundredi_n sive_fw-la wapentachii_fw-la spelm._n glossar_n in_o verb._n aldermannus_n this_o word_n in_o its_o signification_n import_v no_o more_o than_o senior_n or_o elder_n or_o as_o it_o be_v corrupt_v in_o the_o provincial_a latin_a signior_n or_o signior_n which_o in_o the_o verb._n the_o hottom_n in_o verb._n feudal_n law_n signify_v lord_n or_o patron_n who_o have_v his_o feudatary_n or_o vassal_n which_o be_v oblige_v to_o he_o by_o the_o donation_n or_o tenure_n of_o fe_n and_o it_o be_v more_o than_o probable_a that_o see_v most_o of_o the_o degree_n of_o nobility_n and_o man_n of_o power_n be_v express_v by_o this_o word_n ealderman_n in_o the_o saxon_a time_n that_o it_o be_v much_o use_v here_o in_o the_o same_o sense_n that_o signior_n be_v in_o italy_n germany_n and_o the_o roman_a province_n for_o a_o lord_n or_o patron_n and_o sometime_o for_o a_o great_a or_o royal_a vassal_n which_o hold_v immediate_o of_o the_o king_n or_o emperor_n sometime_o for_o such_o other_o vassal_n though_o not_o of_o the_o mean_a rank_n that_o hold_v of_o they_o and_o sometime_o for_o mere_a ministerial_a officer_n which_o late_a by_o our_o saxon_n be_v often_o call_v thegn_n or_o thanes_z and_o by_o those_o name_n what_o thegn_n or_o thane_n what_o and_o in_o the_o latin_a version_n of_o they_o by_o the_o name_n of_o minister_n they_o be_v often_o find_v in_o the_o subscription_n of_o ancient_a charter_n of_o the_o saxon_a king_n after_o the_o principes_fw-la deuce_n and_o comites_fw-la the_o chief_a of_o which_o be_v the_o king_n personal_n king_n selâ—_n tit._n hon._n 〈◊〉_d 507_o
in_o his_o demain_fw-fr and_o possession_n so_o do_v the_o archbishop_n hold_v he_o the_o same_o way_n of_o proceed_v by_o virtue_n of_o the_o general_a precept_n beforementioned_a be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o history_n of_o the_o church_n of_o ely_n land_n the_o plea_n of_o the_o church_n of_o ely_n for_o the_o recovery_n of_o its_o land_n king_n william_n 3._o william_n in_o appeal_n n._n 3._o direct_v his_o writ_n to_o all_o his_o liege_n or_o tenant_n and_o sheriff_n in_o who_o sherifwick_n the_o abbey_n of_o ely_n have_v land_n that_o it_o shall_v have_v and_o enjoy_v all_o its_o custom_n etc._n etc._n that_o it_o have_v the_o day_n that_o king_n edward_n be_v live_v and_o dead_a and_o as_o they_o be_v recover_v and_o prove_v to_o belong_v to_o that_o church_n by_o many_o shire_n at_o keneteford_n a_o town_n in_o suffolk_n near_o newmarket_n before_o his_o baron_n several_a writ_n be_v in_o the_o 8._o the_o n._n 4_o 5_o 6_o 7_o 8._o appendix_n touch_v the_o land_n and_o custom_n belong_v to_o the_o abbey_n of_o ely_n that_o such_o norman_n as_o have_v seize_v or_o invade_v any_o of_o they_o be_v to_o restore_v they_o in_o plea_n in_o warwic_n scire_fw-la terra_fw-la episcopi_fw-la de_fw-fr wâ—recestre_fw-fr f._n 238._o b._n col_fw-fr 1._o the_o bishop_n of_o worcester_n plea_n doomsday_n book_n it_o be_v record_v that_o the_o bishop_n of_o worcester_n the_o famous_a wulstan_n by_o plea_n and_o by_o force_n of_o the_o same_o general_a writ_n in_o the_o presence_n of_o four_o county_n or_o shire_n before_o queen_n maud_n recover_v seven_o hide_n and_o half_a of_o land_n in_o alvestone_n and_o that_o thereof_o he_o have_v the_o writ_n or_o chart_n of_o king_n william_n and_o testimony_n of_o the_o county_n of_o warwick_n in_o alvestone_n tenuit_fw-la britnodus_n &_o alwi_n septem_fw-la hide_v &_o dimid_n t._n r._n e._n sed_fw-la comitatus_fw-la nescit_fw-la de_fw-la quo_fw-la tenuerit_fw-la wulstanus_n autem_fw-la episcopus_fw-la dicit_fw-la se_fw-la hanc_fw-la terram_fw-la deplacitasse_fw-la coram_fw-la regina_fw-la matilde_n in_o presentia_fw-la quatuor_fw-la vice-comitatuum_a &_o inde_fw-la habet_fw-la breves_fw-la regis_fw-la w._n &_o testimonium_fw-la comitatus_fw-la warwick_n by_o these_o instance_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o plea_n for_o church-land_n be_v general_o hold_v before_o all_o or_o most_o of_o the_o county_n summon_v together_o in_o which_o the_o land_n lay_v and_o that_o the_o english_a be_v call_v thither_o to_o give_v testimoy_n whether_o they_o belong_v to_o those_o church_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n for_o no_o other_o can_v be_v competent_a witness_n be_v all_o stranger_n to_o the_o thing_n in_o question_n there_o be_v likewise_o many_o instance_n to_o be_v find_v in_o doomsday_n of_o this_o way_n of_o proceed_v and_o trial_n of_o title_n in_o the_o county_n hundred_o wapentack_n or_o trihing_n under_o the_o title_n of_o clamores_fw-la in_o in_o trede_n for_o rideing_n not_o improbable_o from_o trihinga_n which_o be_v a_o portion_n of_o a_o county_n that_o contain_v three_o or_o four_o hundred_o 34._o hundred_o ll._n â—d_a confessor_n c._n 34._o to_o which_o portion_n of_o a_o county_n there_o be_v a_o appeal_n from_o the_o hundred_o and_o from_o that_o to_o the_o county_n sudtrede_n lincoliae_n in_o tadevill_n time_n trial_n for_o tithe_n of_o land_n in_o the_o hundred_o or_o warpentack_n in_o the_o conqueror_n time_n hundred_o clamant_fw-la homines_fw-la episcopi_fw-la bajocensis_fw-la carucatam_fw-la terrae_fw-la super_fw-la robertum_fw-la dispensatorem_fw-la &_o homines_fw-la de_fw-la wapentack_n dicunt_fw-la quod_fw-la ipse_fw-la episcopus_fw-la jure_fw-la debet_fw-la habere_fw-la and_o in_o the_o same_o hundred_o there_o under_o the_o same_o title_n clamant_fw-la homines_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la episcopi_fw-la super_fw-la hugonem_fw-la comitem_fw-la tres_fw-la bovatas_fw-la terrae_fw-la &_o wapentack_n dicit_fw-la quod_fw-la ipse_fw-la episcopus_fw-la debet_fw-la habere_fw-la in_o the_o same_o title_n there_o be_v also_o a_o appeal_n from_o the_o hundred_o to_o the_o county_n in_o a_o plea_n between_o gilbert_n de_fw-fr gund_n and_o norman_a de_fw-fr areci_fw-fr both_o claim_n upon_o william_n de_fw-fr percy_n twelve_o twelve_o a_o oxgange_a or_o oxgate_v auncien_o what_o auncien_o spelm._n glossar_n in_o verbo_fw-la a_o bovate_v or_o oxgange_v of_o land_n what_o as_o much_o as_o one_o or_o a_o pair_n of_o ox_n can_v plough_n or_o keep_v in_o husbandry_n tilth_n in_o a_o year_n or_o as_o much_o as_o they_o can_v plough_n in_o a_o day_n sometime_o but_o here_o it_o be_v to_o be_v take_v in_o the_o first_o sense_n by_o some_o account_v eighteen_o acre_n by_o other_o but_o thirteen_o but_o as_o carucate_n and_o other_o portion_n of_o land_n be_v uncertain_a according_a to_o the_o soil_n which_o be_v hard_a or_o easy_a to_o plough_n bovate_v of_o land_n which_o conclude_v thus_o sed_fw-la wapentack_n &_o comitatus_fw-la dicunt_fw-la quod_fw-la gilbertus_n debet_fw-la habere_fw-la non_fw-la norman_n willielmus_fw-la vero_fw-la percy_n tenet_fw-la ea_fw-la dono_fw-la regis_fw-la sicut_fw-la tenuit_fw-la robertus_fw-la filius_fw-la stigandi_fw-la and_o in_o the_o title_n of_o clamores_fw-la in_o kesteven_n a_o part_n of_o lincolnshire_n there_o be_v a_o claim_n refer_v to_o the_o king_n court_n clamores_fw-la quos_fw-la drogo_fw-la de_fw-fr bruera_n facit_fw-la super_fw-la terras_fw-la morcari_fw-la dimittunt_fw-la viz._n the_o man_n of_o that_o division_n in_o judicio_fw-la regis_fw-la and_o there_o be_v also_o record_v in_o a_o claim_n of_o earl_n alan_n upon_o uvido_z de_fw-fr credon_n of_o fourteen_o bovate_v and_o give_v in_o by_o the_o same_o person_n that_o alger_n homo_fw-la alani_n dedit_fw-la vadimonium_fw-la baronibus_fw-la regis_fw-la that_o be_v such_o baron_n as_o be_v commissioner_n to_o make_v the_o survey_n of_o this_o county_n ad_fw-la confirmandum_fw-la per_fw-la judicium_fw-la aut_fw-la per_fw-la bellum_fw-la glossary_a see_v bellum_n and_o judicium_fw-la in_o the_o glossary_a that_o be_v he_o give_v security_n to_o make_v good_a his_o master_n be_v or_o patron_n be_v claim_n by_o ordeal_o or_o battle_n 212._o doomsday_n fol._n 212._o in_o norfolk_n in_o hund._n &_o dimid_n de_fw-fr clakeslosa_fw-la photestorp_n hanc_fw-la terram_fw-la calumpniat_fw-la esse_fw-la on_o esse_fw-la libram_fw-la that_o be_v it_o be_v not_o churchland_n or_o appendant_a to_o the_o church_n and_o so_o free_a for_o the_o norman_n to_o seize_v on_o liberam_fw-la vlchetel_fw-mi homo_fw-la fenariis_fw-la homo_fw-la hermerius_n de_fw-fr fenariis_fw-la hermerii_n quocunque_fw-la modo_fw-la judicetur_fw-la vel_fw-la bello_fw-la vel_fw-la judicio_fw-la supra_fw-la see_v glossar_n ut_fw-la supra_fw-la &_o alius_fw-la est_fw-la praesto_fw-la probare_fw-la eo_fw-la modo_fw-la quod_fw-la jacuit_fw-la ad_fw-la ecclesiam_fw-la die_fw-la qua_fw-la rex_fw-la e._n obiit_fw-la sed_fw-la totus_fw-la hundredus_fw-la testatur_fw-la eam_fw-la fuisse_fw-la t._n r._n e._n ad_fw-la sanctam_fw-la adeld_v in_o norfolk_n the_o hundred_o and_o half_a of_o clakeslose_a town_n clakeslose_a since_o call_v fodeston_n or_o foston_n a_o decay_a town_n photestorp_n ulshetel_v the_o vassal_n man_n or_o champion_n of_o hermerius_n claim_v this_o land_n to_o be_v free_a which_o way_n soever_o it_o be_v try_v or_o judge_v by_o battle_n or_o ordeal_o and_o there_o be_v another_o ready_a to_o prove_v the_o same_o way_n that_o it_o be_v church_n land_n the_o day_n that_o king_n edward_n die_v but_o the_o whole_a hundred_o witness_v that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n it_o be_v the_o land_n of_o st._n audery_n or_o the_o abbey_n of_o ely_n in_o doomsday_n clamores_fw-la de_fw-fr de_fw-fr de_fw-fr trede_n or_o ride_v from_o trihinga_n as_o before_o and_o the_o same_o with_o lest_n in_o kent_n or_o rape_n in_o sussex_n 34._o see_v ll._n ed._n de_fw-fr trighingis_n &_o ledis_fw-la c._n 34._o these_o trihing_n have_v their_o thrihingerefa_n their_o governor_n or_o reves_n and_o what_o can_v not_o be_v determine_v in_o the_o hundred_o or_o wapentach_n be_v end_v here_o and_o what_o can_v not_o be_v end_v here_o be_v determine_v in_o the_o shire_n north-treding_a everwicscrire_fw-fr f._n 374._o col_fw-fr 1._o beveâ—laco_n sanctus_n johannes_n de_fw-fr beveâ—laco_n omnem_fw-la terram_fw-la quam_fw-la calumniabatur_fw-la drogo_fw-la super_fw-la sanctum_fw-la johannem_fw-la testificata_fw-la est_fw-la ad_fw-la opus_fw-la ipsius_fw-la s._n johannis_n per_fw-la homines_fw-la the_o trede_n &_o per_fw-la donum_fw-la r._n w._n quod_fw-la dedit_fw-la s._n johanni_n tempore_fw-la adeldredi_n archiepiscopi_fw-la de_fw-la hoc_fw-la habent_fw-la canonici_fw-la sigillum_fw-la regis_fw-la ed._n &_o r._n will._n beveâ—laco_n canonici_fw-la de_fw-la beveâ—laco_n ibidem_fw-la clamores_fw-la in_o sub-treding_a lincoliae_n t._n r._n e._n fuit_fw-la saisitus_fw-la almar_n antecessor_n archiepiscopi_fw-la thomae_fw-la de_fw-la soca_fw-la x._o bovat_n in_o ulingeham_n hac_fw-la terra_fw-la fuit_fw-la code_n &_o modo_fw-la est_fw-la rayner_n de_fw-fr brunon_n &_o pro_fw-la iii._o lib._n fuit_fw-la invadiata_fw-la t._n r._n e._n &_o modo_fw-la affirmant_fw-la homines_fw-la the_o trede_n quod_fw-la archiepiscopus_fw-la jure_fw-la debet_fw-la habere_fw-la hanc_fw-la socam_fw-la quousque_fw-la ei_fw-la reddantur_fw-la iii._o lib._n almar_n be_v not_o here_o antecessor_n to_o
so_o prevail_v with_o the_o justice_n that_o their_o clothes_n be_v not_o seize_v nor_o the_o assize_n of_o king_n richard_n to_o be_v keep_v concern_v the_o breadth_n of_o cloth_n or_o the_o measure_n of_o grain_n justice_n king_n richardâ—_n assize_n for_o the_o measure_n of_o cloth_n and_o grain_n make_v void_a by_o the_o justice_n so_o as_o for_o the_o future_a they_o may_v make_v their_o clothes_n as_o broad_a and_o narrow_a as_o they_o please_v from_o whence_o to_o the_o damage_n of_o many_o the_o justice_n procure_v a_o great_a sum_n of_o money_n to_o the_o king_n use_n this_o year_n the_o land_n the_o ibid._n f._n 466._o a._n n._n 20._o the_o pope_n write_v to_o the_o clergy_n to_o contribute_v to_o the_o relief_n of_o the_o holy_a land_n pope_n write_v a_o press_a epistle_n to_o the_o archbishop_n and_o bishop_n to_o contribute_v a_o forty_o part_n of_o their_o ecclesiastical_a revenue_n to_o the_o relief_n of_o the_o holy_a land_n and_o to_o take_v care_n that_o the_o clerc_n in_o every_o diocese_n do_v the_o same_o france_n same_o ibid._n f._n 470._o a._n n._n 40._o he_o send_v to_o the_o same_o purpose_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o france_n the_o master_n of_o the_o hospital_n of_o jerusalem_n write_v another_o lamentable_a epistle_n to_o the_o prior_n and_o brethren_n of_o the_o same_o hospital_n in_o england_n move_v they_o very_o earnest_o for_o relief_n and_o that_o they_o will_v induce_v the_o king_n and_o great_a man_n to_o assist_v they_o the_o pope_n reflect_v serious_o upon_o the_o content_n of_o these_o letter_n send_v a_o cardinal_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o france_n require_v they_o to_o make_v a_o subsidy_n or_o tax_n in_o their_o dominion_n for_o the_o relief_n of_o the_o land_n of_o jerusalem_n year_n jerusalem_n ibid._n f._n 471._o a._n lin_v 3._o king_n john_n grant_v a_o forty_o part_n of_o his_o revenue_n for_o one_o year_n upon_o which_o message_n and_o request_n the_o two_o king_n consent_v to_o give_v the_o forty_o part_n of_o all_o their_o revenue_n for_o one_o year_n and_o the_o king_n of_o england_n will_v have_v it_o levy_v of_o all_o his_o revenue_n and_o of_o the_o ward_n land_n and_o escheat_n in_o his_o hand_n and_o command_v that_o all_o layman_n of_o his_o dominion_n &_o praecepit_fw-la quod_fw-la omnes_fw-la laici_fw-la etc._n etc._n shall_v give_v a_o forty_o part_n of_o all_o their_o rent_n as_o a_o alm_n for_o the_o relief_n of_o the_o land_n of_o jerusalem_n whereupon_o geofry_n fitz-peter_n then_o chief_a justiciary_a of_o england_n write_v 80._o write_v append._n n._n 80._o to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o england_n to_o admonish_v and_o induce_v the_o earl_n and_o baron_n in_o every_o of_o their_o sherifwick_n and_o other_o to_o give_v a_o forty_o part_n as_o aforesaid_a and_o to_o collect_v it_o in_o lent_n the_o year_n follow_v the_o two_o king_n john_n king_n mat._n paris_n f._n 207._o lin_v 2._o king_n philip_n demand_n refuse_v by_o king_n john_n parley_v near_o the_o castle_n of_o goleton_n where_o the_o king_n of_o france_n arm_v with_o mortal_a hatred_n against_o the_o king_n of_o england_n in_o scorn_n command_v he_o forthwith_o to_o deliver_v to_o arthur_n earl_n of_o britain_n normandy_n tourain_n anjou_n and_o poictou_n and_o exact_v of_o he_o many_o other_o thing_n which_o king_n john_n refuse_v to_o do_v the_o day_n follow_v the_o king_n of_o france_n attack_v the_o castle_n of_o butavant_n take_v and_o demolish_v it_o from_o whence_o he_o go_v to_o ou_fw-fr and_z take_v that_o town_n castle_n he_o besiege_v take_v and_o demolish_v many_o of_o king_n john_n town_n and_o castle_n with_o the_o castle_n of_o limâ—s_n and_o many_o other_o castle_n ratepont_n castle_n seat_v upon_o the_o river_n andell_n in_o veuxin_n he_o besiege_v eight_o day_n and_o hear_v the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v come_v towards_o he_o he_o leave_v it_o but_o within_o few_o day_n after_o take_v the_o town_n of_o gournay_n and_o then_o return_v to_o paris_n 20._o paris_n ibid._n n._n 10_o 20._o and_o send_v arthur_n and_o the_o governor_n he_o place_v over_o he_o with_o two_o hundred_o french_a knight_n into_o poictou_n to_o subdue_v that_o country_n or_o by_o hostile_a incursion_n to_o make_v it_o submit_v to_o he_o in_o their_o march_n they_o be_v tell_v queen_n alienor_fw-la mother_n to_o king_n john_n be_v in_o the_o castle_n of_o mirebeau_n with_o a_o small_a company_n they_o besiege_v and_o take_v it_o but_o the_o tower_n in_o which_o the_o queen_n be_v they_o can_v not_o obtain_v those_o few_o that_o be_v in_o the_o castle_n have_v retreat_v thither_o here_o come_v into_o arthur_n all_o the_o chief_a man_n and_o more_o noble_a knight_n or_o military_a man_n of_o poictou_n especial_o hugh_n le_fw-fr brun_n earl_n of_o march_n who_o be_v a_o public_a enemy_n to_o king_n john_n in_o respect_n of_o isabel_n his_o queen_n arthur_n queen_n alienor_fw-la reduce_v to_o great_a strait_n by_o arthur_n to_o who_o he_o have_v be_v contract_v before_o he_o marry_v she_o they_o make_v up_o together_o a_o great_a army_n and_o make_v sharp_a assault_n upon_o the_o tower_n the_o queen_n in_o this_o straight_o prisoner_n straight_o ibid._n n._n 30._o she_o send_v to_o her_o son_n for_o speedy_a relief_n the_o french_a and_o poictovins_n put_v to_o flight_n arthur_n and_o all_o the_o nobility_n of_o anjou_n and_o poictou_n take_v prisoner_n send_v to_o her_o son_n passionate_o press_v he_o to_o come_v to_o her_o relief_n he_o march_v night_n and_o day_n and_o come_v soon_o than_o it_o be_v believe_v he_o can_v be_v there_o the_o french_a and_o poictovins_n go_v to_o meet_v and_o give_v he_o battle_n the_o king_n put_v they_o to_o flight_n and_o press_v so_o hard_o upon_o they_o as_o he_o enter_v the_o castle_n with_o they_o where_o be_v a_o sharp_a conflict_n that_o be_v soon_o end_v by_o the_o courage_n of_o the_o english_a in_o this_o fight_n be_v take_v 200_o french_a knight_n and_o duke_n arthur_n with_o all_o the_o noble_n of_o poictou_n and_o anjou_n who_o be_v fetter_v and_o manacle_v with_o iron_n and_o part_n of_o they_o send_v into_o normandy_n and_o part_n into_o england_n arthur_n be_v send_v to_o falais_n to_o be_v keep_v safe_a there_o the_o king_n of_o france_n have_v besiege_a the_o 40._o the_o ibid._n n._n 40._o castle_n of_o arch_n and_o batter_v it_o fifteen_o day_n but_o hear_v of_o arthur_n misfortune_n he_o raise_v the_o siege_n and_o go_v to_o paris_n and_o do_v nothing_o more_o that_o year_n after_o a_o short_a time_n king_n john_n go_v to_o uncle_n to_o ibid._n n._n 50_o arthur_n demand_n the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n of_o king_n john_n his_o uncle_n falais_n and_o cause_v his_o nephew_n arthur_n to_o be_v bring_v before_o he_o many_o fair_a word_n he_o give_v he_o and_o promise_v he_o many_o honour_n to_o quit_v the_o king_n of_o france_n and_o stick_v to_o he_o as_o his_o lord_n and_o uncle_n but_o he_o answer_v he_o with_o disdain_n and_o with_o threat_n demand_v the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n and_o all_o the_o dominion_n king_n richard_n die_v possess_v of_o as_o his_o right_n of_o inheritance_n and_o swear_v he_o shall_v never_o enjoy_v peace_n unless_o he_o restore_v they_o king_n john_n very_o much_o trouble_v at_o his_o demand_n more_o he_o be_v send_v prisoner_n to_o roven_n and_o never_o hear_v of_o more_o send_v he_o to_o roven_n to_o be_v make_v close_a prisoner_n in_o the_o new_a tower_n where_o he_o sudden_o vanish_v 10._o vanish_v ibid._n f._n 208._o n._n 10._o and_o it_o present_o begin_v to_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o france_n and_o the_o suspicion_n of_o all_o transmarine_a country_n that_o king_n john_n kill_v he_o with_o his_o own_o hand_n whence_o many_o be_v avert_v from_o he_o and_o pursue_v he_o with_o a_o irreconcilable_a hatred_n this_o year_n the_o king_n cause_v to_o be_v proclaim_v observe_v proclaim_v ibid._n n._n 20._o a._n d._n 1202._o a_o legal_a assize_n of_o bread_n to_o be_v observe_v a_o legal_a assize_n of_o bread_n to_o be_v inviolable_o observe_v under_o pain_n of_o pilloty_n as_o it_o be_v try_v and_o approve_v by_o the_o baker_n of_o geofry_n fitz-peter_n justiciary_a of_o england_n and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v so_o as_o the_o baker_n may_v gain_v in_o every_o quarter_n three_o penny_n beside_o the_o bran_n and_o two_o loaf_n at_o the_o oven_n and_o four_o half-peny's_a for_o four_o servant_n and_o for_o two_o boy_n one_o farthing_n and_o a_o allowance_n for_o salt_n a_o halfpenny_n and_o for_o yeast_n or_o beer-good_a a_o halfpenny_n for_o candle_n a_o farthing_n for_o faggot_n three_o penny_n and_o for_o bulter_n and_o sieve_n a_o halfpenny_n and_o according_a to_o this_o gain_n and_o allowance_n corn._n the_o weight_n of_o bread_n proportion_v to_o the_o price_n of_o corn._n when_o wheat_n be_v at_o six_o shilling_n the_o