not_o parcel_n wales_n wales_n thereof_o till_o the_o statute_n of_o 12._o e._n 1._o so_o make_v it_o and_o although_o that_o statute_n so_o annex_v wales_n to_o england_n yet_o be_v but_o by_o the_o word_n or_o figure_n adjuncta_fw-la the_o law_n of_o england_n be_v not_o total_o in_o force_n there_o till_o the_o statute_n 27._o h._n 8._o so_o declare_v they_o as_o be_v hold_v in_o rice_n thomas_n case_n in_o plo._n com._n but_o notwithstanding_o whether_o wales_n be_v within_o my_o statute_n or_o not_o be_v questionable_a for_o these_o reason_n follow_v first_o it_o be_v clear_a that_o a_o general_a law_n unstint_v and_o unbounded_a shall_v extend_v to_o wales_n as_o well_o as_o to_o england_n but_o our_o law_n grant_v commission_n within_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n and_o so_o precise_o prescribe_v it_o to_o bound_n and_o it_o may_v seem_v that_o the_o parliament_n take_v it_o so_o in_o 1._o mar._n cap._n 11._o where_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n be_v authorize_v in_o the_o county_n of_o glamorgan_n which_o as_o may_v be_v object_v need_v not_o if_o wales_n have_v be_v former_o comprise_v and_o some_o new_a statute_n as_o that_o of_o alehouse_n in_o 1._o ja._n cap._n 9_o and_o that_o of_o rogue_n 1._o ja._n cap._n 7._o extend_v the_o same_o to_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n and_o dominion_n of_o wales_n as_o if_o wales_n shall_v not_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o word_n the_o realm_n of_o england_n yet_o notwithstanding_o in_o my_o opinion_n this_o statute_n of_o 23._o h._n 8._o extend_v to_o wales_n for_o although_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 1._o mar._n give_v power_n to_o commissioner_n in_o glamorganshire_n that_o be_v for_o a_o special_a purpose_n which_o as_o be_v conceive_v the_o statute_n of_o 23._o h._n 8._o do_v not_o in_o england_n extend_v thereunto_o that_o as_o for_o the_o carry_v away_o of_o the_o sand_n which_o be_v throw_v upon_o their_o ground_n but_o in_o that_o statute_n it_o may_v well_o be_v perceive_v that_o the_o statute_n of_o 23._o h._n 8._o be_v of_o force_n there_o and_o insert_v the_o word_n dominion_n of_o wales_n in_o the_o say_a statute_n of_o poor_a and_o rogue_n be_v rather_o of_o superabundance_n to_o satisfy_v some_o which_o may_v nodum_fw-la in_o scirpo_fw-la querere_fw-la make_v a_o doubt_n where_o none_o be_v then_o that_o they_o be_v there_o put_v for_o any_o necessity_n require_v the_o same_o but_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o in_o this_o new_a spring_v up_o island_n the_o law_n of_o england_n be_v there_o in_o force_n because_o when_o it_o be_v sea_n the_o same_o be_v under_o the_o government_n of_o these_o law_n and_o although_o the_o nature_n and_o quality_n thereof_o be_v change_v viz._n dry_v land_n for_o full_a sea_n yet_o the_o same_o law_n and_o government_n remain_v in_o force_n so_o that_o i_o hold_v this_o new_a island_n within_o the_o statute_n and_o that_o the_o property_n thereof_o be_v the_o king_n now_o occasion_n and_o time_n give_v i_o fit_a opportunity_n to_o treat_v of_o ground_n which_o be_v new_o gain_v from_o the_o sea_n if_o as_o i_o have_v former_o declare_v the_o ground_n be_v the_o king_n when_o they_o be_v cover_v with_o water_n it_o must_v needs_o be_v hold_v a_o infallible_a ground_n that_o they_o be_v also_o the_o king_n when_o the_o water_n have_v leave_v they_o dry_a and_o when_o the_o water_n have_v their_o be_v on_o the_o same_o the_o whole_a profit_n there_o arise_v do_v appertain_v to_o the_o king_n yet_o i_o have_v know_v in_o some_o country_n where_o the_o frontager_n have_v claim_v those_o ground_n so_o leave_v by_o a_o pretend_a custom_n of_o frontager_n and_o some_o probable_a reason_n may_v be_v show_v wherefore_o they_o shall_v have_v the_o same_o for_o as_o their_o ground_n be_v near_a the_o sea_n and_o so_o next_o to_o the_o charge_n to_o repair_v the_o defence_n and_o next_o to_o the_o loss_n where_o any_o overflow_v happen_v it_o may_v therefore_o seem_v reasonable_a that_o as_o they_o be_v put_v to_o the_o great_a charge_n and_o in_o peril_n of_o the_o loss_n of_o their_o land_n that_o so_o if_o land_n be_v leave_v by_o the_o sea_n affront_v they_o that_o these_o land_n may_v accrue_v unto_o they_o as_o a_o reciprocal_a consideration_n for_o their_o charge_n and_o loss_n but_o i_o take_v it_o that_o of_o late_a the_o law_n have_v in_o these_o case_n be_v oftentime_o rule_v for_o the_o king_n against_o the_o subject_a for_o at_o cross_v in_o the_o county_n of_o lincoln_n 1600._o acre_n be_v gain_v from_o the_o sea_n affront_v the_o manor_n of_o sir_n valentine_n brown_n there_o yet_o he_o be_v put_v to_o obtain_v a_o grant_n from_o the_o king_n thereof_o and_o one_o bushey_n of_o st._n kegneys_n claim_v ground_n leave_v by_o the_o sea_n by_o the_o say_v pretend_a custom_n of_o frontage_n but_o they_o be_v decree_v against_o he_o in_o the_o court_n of_o ward_n in_o 12._o jac._n r._n in_o which_o case_n i_o be_v of_o counsel_n for_o it_o be_v inconvenient_a that_o the_o subject_n shall_v have_v frontage_n and_o yet_o no_o bound_n prescribe_v thereto_o so_o that_o ten_o thousand_o acre_n may_v be_v leave_v affront_n a_o man_n manor_n which_o be_v not_o fit_v a_o subject_n shall_v have_v this_o large_a inheritance_n by_o pretence_n of_o such_o allow_a custom_n and_o i_o suppose_v i_o may_v herein_o say_v in_o this_o case_n as_o mr._n plowden_n do_v of_o his_o silver_n mine_n that_o it_o be_v inconvenient_a a_o subject_n shall_v have_v the_o silver_n mine_n in_o his_o ground_n for_o so_o may_v he_o become_v rich_a than_o the_o king_n so_o it_o be_v not_o fit_v that_o a_o subject_n shall_v have_v the_o ground_n leave_v by_o the_o sea_n when_o so_o much_o may_v happen_v to_o be_v leave_v as_o the_o king_n own_o land_n in_o the_o realm_n come_v to_o and_o so_o because_o nimium_fw-la se_fw-la exaltat_fw-la in_o prerogativam_fw-la regis_fw-la i_o be_o of_o opinion_n the_o new_a gain_v ground_n from_o the_o sea_n appertain_v to_o the_o king_n as_o a_o royal_a escheat_n and_o not_o to_o the_o subject_n but_o in_o my_o case_n here_o be_v a_o prescription_n where_o the_o owner_n of_o the_o manor_n have_v incrementum_fw-la &_o decrementum_fw-la maris_fw-la of_o what_o force_n this_o be_v of_o be_v now_o to_o be_v argue_v therefore_o i_o will_v now_o declare_v what_o interest_n a_o subject_n can_v or_o may_v challenge_v in_o the_o sea_n in_o ground_n gain_v therefrom_o personal_n profit_v arise_v on_o the_o sea_n subject_n may_v have_v and_o challenge_v by_o custom_n and_o prescription_n as_o to_o have_v free_a pischary_n on_o the_o sea_n and_o a_o parson_n have_v tithe_n of_o fish_n get_v in_o the_o sea_n by_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o his_o parish_n &_o yet_o the_o sea_n nor_o any_o part_n thereof_o be_v not_o in_o any_o parish_n but_o it_o follow_v the_o person_n in_o sir_n henry_n constable_n case_n the_o citizen_n of_o bristol_n case_n sir_n henry_n constables_z case_n claim_v flotsan_n which_o be_v good_n float_v in_o the_o sea_n by_o custom_n in_o bracton_n chap._n 12._o one_o allege_v to_o be_v discharge_v bracton_n bracton_n of_o toll_n or_o custom_n on_o the_o sea_n by_o prescription_n in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o swan_n in_o sir_n edward_n cook_n 7._o report_n one_o prescribe_v to_o have_v a_o game_n of_o wild_a swan_n at_o abbotberry_n in_o a_o creek_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v a_o member_n or_o arm_n of_o swan_n case_n of_o swan_n the_o sea_n and_o in_o sir_n henry_n constable_n aforesaid_a it_o be_v take_v and_o receive_v for_o law_n that_o a_o subject_n manor_n may_v extend_v to_o the_o low_a water-mark_a by_o prescription_n and_o see_v all_o these_o a_o subject_n may_v have_v in_o and_o on_o the_o sea_n wherefore_o then_o shall_v he_o not_o have_v all_o the_o ground_n leave_v by_o the_o sea_n by_o prescription_n to_o that_o i_o answer_v that_o he_o can_v have_v claim_n in_o any_o thing_n by_o prescription_n and_o custom_n but_o that_o which_o lie_v in_o use_n which_o be_v the_o life_n of_o they_o both_o but_o land_n and_o ground_n which_o have_v always_o be_v sea_n can_v not_o be_v nor_o lie_v in_o use_n and_o therefore_o they_o can_v be_v claim_v nor_o the_o same_o can_v be_v bound_v out_o by_o prescription_n or_o custom_n yet_o land_n between_o the_o high-water_n mark_v and_o low-water_n mark_v the_o bound_n thereof_o may_v be_v prescribe_v to_o belong_v to_o or_o to_o be_v parcel_n of_o the_o manor_n because_o in_o every_o twelve_o hour_n or_o in_o every_o day_n they_o lie_v dry_a and_o so_o a_o subject_a all_o that_o time_n may_v have_v use_n of_o they_o and_o so_o of_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o say_a thing_n but_o in_o that_o which_o never_o lie_v in_o use_n no_o custom_n or_o prescription_n can_v take_v hold_v on_o insomuch_o that_o in_o my_o opinion_n no_o prescription_n
leave_v to_o the_o king_n ratione_fw-la regiae_fw-la dignitatis_fw-la suae_fw-la who_o office_n do_v as_o the_o philosopher_n true_o say_v contain_v in_o it_o great_a virtue_n high_a understanding_n and_o divine_a wisdom_n to_o who_o high_a government_n as_o well_o our_o person_n as_o our_o law_n be_v commit_v and_o the_o defence_n thereof_o be_v apply_v to_o his_o grave_a foresight_n and_o true_o i_o have_v take_v upon_o i_o to_o read_v on_o those_o law_n of_o sewer_n as_o mr._n marrow_n do_v in_o former_a time_n take_v upon_o he_o to_o expound_v in_o his_o read_v the_o law_n of_o the_o justice_n of_o peace_n hope_v this_o work_n of_o i_o may_v prove_v as_o acceptable_a to_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n as_o that_o of_o his_o be_v beneficial_a to_o the_o justice_n of_o peace_n the_o use_n whereof_o being_n no_o less_o commodious_a to_o the_o commonwealth_n then_o that_o of_o the_o peace_n be_v both_o general_a law_n of_o great_a use_n and_o esteem_v and_o myself_o be_v for_o many_o year_n past_o a_o commissioner_n in_o the_o county_n of_o lincoln_n i_o find_v that_o these_o law_n be_v dark_a and_o intricate_a and_o come_v not_o usual_o within_o the_o reach_n and_o understanding_n of_o such_o as_o be_v not_o well_o see_v and_o study_v in_o the_o law_n and_o because_o i_o find_v the_o use_n of_o they_o to_o be_v wondrous_o necessary_a i_o do_v intend_v when_o occasion_n serve_v i_o to_o break_v the_o ice_n and_o enter_v serious_o into_o the_o exposition_n of_o they_o and_o therefore_o see_v these_o law_n be_v in_o time_n most_o ancient_a in_o extent_n most_o large_a and_o for_o the_o use_n most_o necessary_a i_o have_v with_o your_o kind_a favour_n make_v choice_n of_o they_o to_o frame_v my_o read_n upon_o wherein_o if_o upon_o your_o perusal_n you_o find_v any_o escape_n or_o error_n which_o may_v soon_o fall_v from_o opinion_n haec_fw-la amice_fw-la corrige_n and_o such_o of_o they_o as_o you_o shall_v bestow_v your_o like_n upon_o hiis_fw-la vtere_fw-la mecum_fw-la and_o this_o shall_v suffice_v touch_v my_o choice_n make_v of_o this_o statute_n and_o as_o i_o have_v former_o declare_v and_o deliver_v the_o cause_n which_o stir_v i_o up_o and_o the_o reason_n which_o confirm_v i_o to_o read_v upon_o this_o statute_n now_o i_o do_v intend_v to_o break_v it_o up_o and_o i_o do_v divide_v it_o into_o these_o several_a branch_n or_o part_n first_o to_o make_v provision_n to_o resist_v the_o over_o flow_v of_o the_o sea_n upon_o the_o large_a marsh_n ground_n lie_v in_o the_o maritine_n country_n which_o common_o be_v the_o sure_a for_o soundness_n the_o great_a for_o compass_n and_o the_o best_a for_o profit_n of_o all_o the_o sheep-walk_n and_o commons_o of_o this_o realm_n which_o take_v prejudice_n and_o loss_n only_o by_o the_o rage_n of_o the_o sea_n second_o to_o provide_v also_o that_o the_o great_a fresh_a river_n and_o stream_n may_v have_v their_o passage_n make_v clear_a and_o that_o their_o wall_n bank_n and_o other_o defence_n be_v repair_v keep_v and_o maintain_v whereby_o the_o fair_a delightful_a pleasant_a and_o fruitful_a meadow_n and_o pasture_n ground_n which_o lie_v in_o the_o great_a abundance_n upon_o or_o near_o the_o river_n brook_n and_o stream_n may_v be_v preserve_v from_o the_o inundation_n of_o fresh_a water_n which_o many_o time_n annoy_v they_o to_o the_o great_a and_o inestimable_a damage_n of_o his_o majesty_n subject_n which_o be_v owner_n and_o farmer_n thereof_o three_o whereas_o navigation_n both_o for_o the_o export_n of_o our_o homebred_a commodity_n and_o for_o the_o import_v of_o foreign_a merchandize_n be_v the_o chief_a enrich_n of_o this_o nation_n therefore_o port_n havens_n rivers_n and_o other_o navigable_a stream_n and_o their_o dependency_n be_v put_v within_o the_o defence_n of_o this_o law_n be_v ostia_n &_o janua_fw-la regni_fw-la for_o that_o by_o the_o maintenance_n of_o these_o the_o wealth_n of_o the_o realm_n be_v increase_v and_o the_o inland_a city_n borough_n and_o town_n be_v make_v partaker_n with_o ease_n and_o small_a cost_n of_o the_o sea_n commodity_n four_o likewise_o this_o law_n give_v redress_n and_o remedy_n for_o the_o remove_n of_o such_o let_n and_o impediment_n as_o be_v either_o hindrance_n to_o navigation_n or_o stop_v whereby_o the_o abundant_a water_n can_v have_v their_o free_a passage_n to_o the_o sea_n and_o five_o because_o in_o the_o surround_v ground_n there_o be_v most_o common_o the_o great_a use_n of_o bridge_n calceys_n passage_n and_o way_n therefore_o this_o statute_n have_v take_v order_n for_o they_o also_o whereby_o his_o majesty_n people_n may_v in_o those_o place_n for_o their_o person_n and_o their_o good_n have_v both_o salvum_fw-la &_o securum_fw-la conductum_fw-la in_o these_o five_o part_n be_v all_o the_o whole_a material_n of_o this_o great_a and_o worthy_a law_n contain_v and_o therefore_o according_a to_o the_o say_a division_n i_o have_v frame_v a_o case_n for_o the_o first_o lecture_n upon_o this_o law_n the_o first_o case_n a._n lease_v to_o b._n a_o manor_n on_o the_o sea_n coast_n for_o year_n which_o have_v incrementum_fw-la &_o decrementum_fw-la maris_fw-la by_o prescription_n in_o the_o county_n of_o chester_n and_o the_o city_n there_o where_o a_o commission_n of_o sewer_n be_v remainder_n to_o c._n in_o fee_n livery_n be_v give_v and_o take_v by_o attorney_n at_o full_a sea_n within_o the_o view_n the_o sea_n than_o leave_v one_o hundred_o acre_n of_o land_n with_o the_o shore_n divide_v in_o part_n from_o the_o continent_n by_o a_o navigable_a haven_n the_o lease_n expire_v c._n enter_v the_o prince_n eject_v he_o and_o the_o king_n seize_v this_o relinquish_v ground_n my_o opinion_n be_v that_o the_o king_n have_v a_o part_n the_o prince_n a_o part_n and_o the_o subject_a a_o part_n of_o this_o ground_n and_o that_o it_o be_v all_o within_o this_o statute_n but_o no_o part_n thereof_o within_o this_o commission_n point_n of_o the_o common_a law_n the_o point_n of_o this_o case_n be_v three_o at_o the_o common_a law_n and_o five_o by_o this_o statute_n first_o whether_o livery_n of_o land_n may_v be_v make_v within_o the_o view_n in_o another_o county_n or_o not_o second_o whether_o livery_n by_o the_o view_n may_v be_v give_v or_o take_v by_o attorney_n or_o not_o three_o whether_o in_o this_o case_n livery_n and_o seisin_n may_v be_v make_v by_o attorney_n or_o that_o of_o necessity_n it_o must_v be_v make_v to_o the_o lessee_n for_o year_n and_o who_o must_v join_v in_o make_v of_o the_o letter_n of_o attorney_n to_o take_v the_o livery_n all_o which_o point_n i_o must_v maintain_v affirmative_o else_o c._n the_o subject_n can_v have_v any_o land_n at_o all_o point_n on_o this_o statute_n first_o whether_o the_o english_a sea_n be_v within_o this_o realm_n of_o england_n and_o what_o interest_n the_o king_n have_v there_o and_o what_o interest_n a_o subject_a may_v have_v therein_o by_o custom_n and_o prescription_n and_o what_o be_v mean_v by_o the_o say_a word_n incrementum_fw-la &_o decrementum_fw-la maris_fw-la second_o who_o these_o new_a island_n be_v which_o arise_v there_o and_o wherhe_a they_o be_v say_v to_o be_v within_o the_o realm_n and_o what_o law_n govern_v the_o same_o for_o that_o it_o appear_v in_o my_o case_n that_o the_o ground_n leave_v between_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o haven_n be_v a_o island_n three_o whether_o the_o king_n shall_v have_v all_o the_o ground_n by_o his_o prerogative_n or_o the_o subject_a by_o the_o say_a prescription_n or_o the_o prince_n as_o participate_v of_o both_o or_o whether_o every_o one_o shall_v have_v a_o part_n thereof_o according_a to_o my_o conclusion_n four_o whether_o the_o ground_n leave_v by_o the_o sea_n be_v within_o this_o statute_n and_o commission_n both_o or_o either_o of_o they_o or_o neither_o of_o they_o five_o what_o a_o haven_n a_o shore_n and_o the_o coast_n be_v in_o definition_n and_o the_o several_a property_n thereof_o the_o reader_n argument_n and_o as_o it_o come_v to_o my_o turn_n i_o intend_v to_o maintain_v the_o conclusion_n of_o my_o case_n and_o first_o of_o the_o first_o point_n livery_n and_o seisin_n be_v one_o of_o the_o most_o ancient_a approve_a ceremony_n of_o the_o law_n which_o have_v be_v use_v for_o convey_v of_o land_n and_o the_o law_n have_v a_o more_o respect_n thereto_o then_o to_o any_o other_o and_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o that_o it_o be_v the_o most_o perfect_a form_n of_o any_o by_o the_o which_o the_o freehold_a and_o inheritance_n of_o land_n be_v transfer_v from_o one_o to_o another_o and_o all_o subject_n may_v give_v and_o take_v land_n by_o this_o ceremony_n but_o the_o king_n only_o be_v except_v who_o prerogative_n be_v such_o that_o as_o land_n can_v be_v take_v from_o he_o as_o king_n but_o by_o record_n so_o land_n can_v be_v give_v
or_o grant_v to_o he_o as_o king_n but_o by_o record_n and_o in_o the_o same_o degree_n be_v a_o county_n palatine_n in_o his_o county_n because_o he_o have_v there_o jura_n regalis_fw-la and_o this_o livery_n and_o seisin_n may_v be_v actual_o and_o real_o do_v and_o perform_v or_o else_o it_o may_v be_v do_v within_o the_o view_n of_o the_o land_n intend_v to_o be_v convey_v and_o as_o touch_v livery_n and_o seisin_n to_o be_v actual_o effect_v if_o the_o feoffment_n contain_v land_n in_o two_o several_a county_n and_o livery_n and_o seisin_n be_v make_v in_o one_o county_n in_o name_n of_o both_o this_o will_v not_o pass_v the_o land_n in_o another_o county_n because_o the_o land_n pass_v by_o the_o livery_n which_o be_v local_a and_o not_o by_o the_o deed._n but_o in_o a_o exchange_n of_o land_n in_o two_o several_a county_n by_o deed_n the_o same_o be_v good_a for_o there_o the_o land_n pass_v by_o the_o deed._n but_o if_o one_o make_v a_o feoffment_n of_o a_o manor_n lie_v in_o demesn_a in_o the_o county_n of_o l._n and_o in_o service_n in_o the_o county_n of_o m._n these_o service_n and_o so_o rent_n will_v pass_v by_o attornment_n of_o the_o tenant_n though_o they_o lie_v in_o a_o foreign_a county_n and_o so_o of_o a_o advowson_n appendant_a and_o such_o like_a because_o those_o rent_n and_o service_n pass_v not_o by_o the_o local_a ceremony_n of_o livery_n and_o seisin_n but_o by_o the_o ceremony_n of_o attornment_n which_o be_v personal_a and_o depend_v upon_o the_o person_n which_o be_v transitory_a wherein_o i_o take_v this_o difference_n that_o if_o a_o feoffment_n be_v make_v of_o a_o manor_n by_o parol_n the_o advowson_n appendant_a villain_n regardant_a and_o rent_n and_o service_n by_o attornment_n of_o tenant_n will_v not_o pass_v to_o the_o feoffee_n till_o the_o demesn_n and_o land_n be_v first_o convey_v but_o if_o the_o feoffment_n be_v by_o deed_n than_o the_o rent_n and_o service_n will_v pass_v by_o attornment_n of_o the_o tenant_n and_o delivery_n of_o the_o deed_n before_o livery_n and_o seisin_n be_v make_v to_o pass_v the_o demesn_n then_o see_v that_o land_n in_o one_o county_n will_v not_o pass_v by_o feoffment_n by_o express_a livery_n make_v in_o a_o other_o county_n if_o then_o the_o same_o may_v be_v pass_v and_o convey_v by_o livery_n within_o the_o view_n be_v the_o question_n of_o our_o case_n and_o in_o my_o opinion_n they_o may_v because_o it_o be_v a_o ceremony_n perform_v by_o the_o eye_n which_o be_v a_o member_n or_o instrument_n which_o have_v his_o operation_n by_o aspect_n tam_fw-la procùl_fw-la quam_fw-la propè_fw-la but_o express_a livery_n and_o seisin_n which_o be_v do_v by_o the_o hand_n can_v in_o reason_n be_v extend_v to_o another_o place_n then_o where_o the_o body_n be_v and_o although_o the_o eye_n be_v fix_v in_o the_o head_n annex_v to_o the_o body_n yet_o like_o the_o sun_n his_o beam_n be_v carry_v afar_o of_o and_o this_o livery_n by_o the_o view_n be_v not_o a_o livery_n in_o the_o county_n where_o the_o body_n be_v but_o proper_o in_o the_o county_n where_o the_o land_n lie_v which_o be_v the_o object_n of_o the_o eye_n and_o in_o this_o case_n it_o be_v say_v to_o be_v livery_n only_o and_o not_o livery_n and_o seisin_n because_o the_o seisin_n be_v proper_o when_o the_o party_n enter_v and_o the_o entry_n of_o the_o party_n be_v that_o which_o perfect_v the_o work_n which_o be_v in_o proprio_fw-la commitatu_fw-la and_o for_o authority_n in_o the_o point_n 28._o ed._n 3._o foe_n 11._o there_o be_v a_o case_n according_a to_o my_o opinion_n where_o the_o husband_n at_o the_o church_n door_n when_o 11._o 18._o e._n 3._o foe_n 11._o he_o be_v to_o take_v one_o to_o wife_n he_o make_v a_o deed_n of_o feoffment_n of_o land_n lie_v in_o another_o county_n to_o the_o say_a woman_n and_o then_o deliver_v the_o deed_n to_o she_o and_o show_v she_o the_o land_n than_o they_o marry_v and_o he_o enter_v in_o claim_v to_o her_o use_n and_o these_o land_n be_v thereby_o well_o convey_v to_o the_o say_a woman_n by_o this_o livery_n within_o the_o view_n in_o another_o county_n now_o it_o be_v fit_a to_o be_v declare_v what_o view_n be_v sufficient_a for_o there_o be_v two_o manner_n of_o view_n the_o one_o general_n the_o other_o special_a in_o the_o special_a view_n every_o particular_a piece_n of_o ground_n be_v to_o be_v see_v but_o in_o the_o general_a view_n it_o suffice_v to_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o ground_n by_o the_o place_n they_o lie_v in_o and_o in_o my_o opinion_n the_o general_a view_n in_o my_o case_n will_v suffice_v for_o if_o one_o make_v a_o feoffment_n in_o fee_n of_o a_o whole_a island_n or_o of_o a_o whole_a manor_n or_o town_n and_o make_v livery_n thereof_o within_o the_o view_n this_o be_v good_a and_o yet_o it_o be_v not_o possible_a to_o view_v every_o particular_a piece_n of_o ground_n at_o once_o for_o tree_n house_n and_o hill_n may_v so_o be_v interpose_v that_o the_o view_n can_v not_o be_v take_v of_o some_o part_n thereof_o yet_o notwithstanding_o view_v of_o the_o rest_n will_v pass_v also_o if_o land_n be_v cover_v with_o water_n ice_n or_o snow_n these_o will_v pass_v well_o in_o a_o feoffment_n or_o livery_n in_o the_o view_n in_o brook_n title_n view_v plac_n 101._o the_o case_n there_o may_v give_v 101._o brook_z 101._o the_o rule_n to_o our_o case_n for_o there_o it_o be_v say_v in_o a_o writ_n of_o view_n it_o be_v not_o necessary_a that_o all_o particular_n in_o specie_fw-la shall_v be_v put_v in_o view_n but_o to_o see_v the_o field_n where_o the_o ground_n lie_v promiscuous_o it_o will_v suffice_v and_o be_v a_o good_a and_o perfect_a view_n sed_fw-la est_fw-la un_fw-fr auter_n diversity_n concernant_fw-la view_v carsi_n un_fw-fr fait_fw-fr feoffment_n de_fw-fr b._n acre_n que_fw-fr gist_n del_fw-it auter_n part_n dam_n mountain_n tout_fw-fr horse_n del_o view_v la_o liverey_n de_fw-fr ceo_fw-la nest_n bone_n sans_o express_v view_v tamen_fw-la tout_fw-fr voile_n passer_n per_n view_v de_fw-fr part_n &_o sic_fw-la in_o mon_fw-fr case_n on_o part_n '_o gist_n south_n le_fw-fr flood_n deal_v mere_a ceo_fw-la non_fw-la obstant_fw-la pass_v ut_fw-la parcel_n del_fw-it manor_n ascun_n aver_v teneus_fw-la &_o ceo_fw-la knightley_n pour_fw-fr un_fw-fr in_o 28._o h._n 8._o in_o 8._o 28._o h._n 8._o dier_n que_fw-fr livercy_fw-fr dein_n le_fw-fr view_v doit_fw-fr tout_fw-fr foit_n este_fw-la fait_fw-fr in_fw-la case_n the_o necessity_n ceo_fw-la urge_v in_o respect_n deal_v choose_v ou_fw-fr del_o person_n deal_v choose_v quia_fw-la leterre_fw-fr gist_n del_fw-it further_a side_n dun_a grand_a ewe_n ou_fw-fr in_o le_fw-fr ewe_n ou_fw-fr ne_fw-fr pvit_fw-fr host_n facile_a access_n del_fw-it person_n quia_fw-la que_fw-fr le_fw-fr feoffor_n ou_fw-fr feoffee_n soit_fw-fr lame_a ou_fw-fr infirm_a &_o detraher_o ceo_fw-la in_o question_n jeo_n aye_o miss_v mon_fw-fr case_n quia_fw-la le_fw-fr feoffment_n &_o liverey_n fuit_fw-la ad_fw-la plenitudinem_fw-la maris_fw-la tamen_fw-la jeo_n sue_v the_o opinion_n que_fw-fr liverey_n dein_n le_fw-fr view_v pvit_fw-fr este_fw-la fait_fw-fr sans_fw-fr ascun_fw-fr matter_n de_fw-fr necessity_n ceo_fw-la urge_v &_o ceo_fw-la jeo_n collect_v per_fw-mi le_fw-fr liver_n the_o 42._o ed._n 3._o fitz._n feoffment_n 54._o when_o the_o son_n do_v give_v back_o the_o land_n to_o his_o father_n as_o free_o as_o his_o father_n have_v 3._o 42._o ed._n 3._o former_o give_v the_o same_o to_o he_o and_o this_o be_v within_o the_o view_n and_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v that_o either_o this_o livery_n or_o the_o other_o make_v to_o the_o say_a woman_n in_o 28._o ed._n 3._o be_v make_v of_o any_o necessity_n urge_v the_o same_o and_o there_o be_v some_o person_n which_o can_v neither_o give_v nor_o take_v by_o livery_n within_o the_o view_n and_o that_o be_v where_o the_o feoffor_a or_o feoffee_n be_v blind_a so_o a_o major_a and_o commonalty_n dean_n and_o chapter_n or_o other_o corporate_a and_o politic_a capacity_n can_v give_v or_o take_v within_o the_o view_n some_o have_v hold_v a_o difference_n that_o a_o parson_n of_o a_o church_n may_v not_o take_v by_o livery_n within_o the_o view_n to_o he_o and_o his_o successor_n because_o that_o come_v to_o he_o in_o his_o politic_a capacity_n which_o have_v no_o eye_n but_o if_o he_o be_v seize_v in_o the_o right_n of_o his_o church_n that_o he_o may_v infeoff_v i._o s._n thereof_o by_o livery_n within_o the_o view_n because_o this_o be_v a_o wrong_n to_o the_o church_n and_o therefore_o conceit_n a_o conceit_n be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o his_o natural_a capacity_n which_o have_v eye_n but_o the_o main_a point_n in_o my_o case_n be_v whether_o livery_n within_o the_o view_n may_v be_v give_v and_o take_v by_o attorney_n and_o whether_o the_o view_n be_v so_o incident_a to_o the_o person_n that_o it_o
the_o exposition_n be_v not_o to_o be_v tie_v hereto_o so_o notwithstanding_o this_o exception_n these_o ground_n though_o gain_v since_o the_o statute_n be_v within_o the_o relief_n thereof_o the_o second_o cause_n wherefore_o these_o new_a ground_n shall_v not_o be_v within_o this_o law_n be_v because_o these_o land_n be_v increase_v beyond_o the_o bound_n since_o the_o make_n of_o these_o law_n and_o so_o it_o may_v be_v allege_v that_o they_o can_v extend_v to_o the_o new_a enlargement_n for_o mr._n blow_n in_o his_o com._n fol._n 129._o say_v that_o law_n com._n blow_n com._n and_o privilege_n tie_v to_o a_o certain_a place_n or_o precinct_n can_v be_v 129._o fol._n 129._o extend_v or_o enlarge_v beyond_o the_o ancient_a bound_n although_o the_o predinct_n be_v enlarge_v as_o the_o case_n in_o 7_o h._n 6._o fol._n 32._o 32._o 7_o h_n 6._o fol._n 32._o where_n in_o a_o nativo_fw-la habendo_fw-la a_o villain_n have_v remain_v a_o year_n and_o a_o day_n in_o london_n which_o be_v ancient_a demesn_a and_o there_o be_v a_o privilege_n that_o every_o villain_n and_o bondslave_n which_o have_v remain_v a_o day_n and_o a_o year_n in_o london_n the_o lord_n may_v not_o seize_v he_o and_o the_o villain_n plead_v that_o he_o have_v remain_v a_o year_n and_o a_o day_n there_o and_o so_o take_v himself_o to_o be_v within_o that_o privilege_n but_o because_o since_o the_o say_a liberty_n grant_v the_o bound_n of_o london_n be_v much_o increase_v therefore_o it_o be_v there_o hold_v that_o the_o say_a liberty_n and_o privilege_n do_v not_o extend_v to_o the_o new_a enlargement_n and_o the_o case_n be_v also_o put_v in_o the_o say_a comment_n that_o the_o bishop_n of_o durham_n have_v divers_a liberty_n in_o his_o land_n lie_v between_o the_o two_o river_n of_o tyne_n and_o tese_n and_o after_o he_o purchase_v other_o land_n there_o the_o say_a liberty_n do_v not_o extend_v to_o the_o say_v new_o purchase_v land_n and_o the_o like_a law_n be_v if_o one_o have_v a_o warren_n in_o his_o manor_n and_o land_n in_o dale_n after_o he_o purchase_v more_o ground_n there_o his_o warren_n do_v not_o extend_v unto_o they_o and_o so_o where_o one_o have_v by_o charter_n the_o land_n of_o person_n forfeit_v for_o treason_n he_o can_v not_o have_v by_o the_o say_v ancient_a charter_n land_n forfeit_v for_o treason_n by_o tenant_n in_o tail_n because_o the_o forfeiture_n of_o they_o be_v give_v by_o a_o late_a statute_n since_o the_o charter_n but_o his_o non_fw-la obstantibus_fw-la i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o this_o statute_n i_o now_o treat_v on_o extend_v to_o these_o new_a gain_v ground_n and_o i_o take_v a_o difference_n between_o a_o special_a law_n of_o privilege_n and_o liberty_n which_o be_v stint_v or_o bound_v either_o by_o statute_n charter_n or_o custom_n the_o same_o can_v by_o no_o construction_n be_v make_v to_o exceed_v the_o bound_n but_o the_o general_a law_n of_o this_o kingdom_n as_o this_o law_n of_o we_o be_v the_o extent_n thereof_o be_v as_o large_a as_o the_o whole_a realm_n be_v and_o they_o be_v not_o tie_v to_o stint_a limit_n as_o particular_a private_a charter_n and_o custom_n be_v and_o so_o i_o conclude_v that_o in_o point_n of_o extent_n this_o statute_n of_o 23_o h._n 8._o be_v tie_v to_o no_o other_o bound_n then_o to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n diversity_n between_o ground_n gain_v and_o ground_n leave_v the_o three_o matter_n be_v that_o which_o i_o have_v ground_v the_o conclusion_n of_o my_o case_n upon_o and_o that_o be_v whether_o the_o ground_n in_o my_o case_n new_o leave_v by_o the_o sea_n to_o the_o shore_n and_o the_o shore_n be_v such_o ground_n as_o be_v within_o this_o commission_n and_o in_o my_o opinion_n they_o be_v not_o and_o therefore_o to_o maintain_v my_o opinion_n herein_o i_o take_v a_o difference_n between_o ground_n leave_v by_o the_o sea_n and_o ground_n gain_v from_o the_o sea_n for_o ground_n leave_v be_v of_o no_o value_n and_o bring_v forth_o no_o fruit_n or_o increase_v at_o all_o but_o the_o uppermost_a part_n thereof_o be_v sand_n which_o these_o law_n take_v no_o hold_n of_o for_o the_o commission_n extend_v only_o to_o ground_n win_v and_o make_v profitable_a for_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o this_o realm_n which_o terra_n relicta_fw-la yield_v not_o for_o no_o profit_n at_o all_o thereof_o arise_v till_o the_o sand_n be_v in_v and_o gain_v and_o these_o law_n make_v the_o commissioner_n saviour_n and_o not_o gainer_n and_o therefore_o do_v extend_v the_o commission_n but_o to_o the_o utttermost_a bank_n and_o wall_n and_o leave_v the_o shore_n as_o ground_n possess_v by_o the_o sea_n and_o so_o be_v put_v pro_fw-la in_o defenso_fw-la by_o this_o law_n and_o therefore_o i_o do_v make_v my_o conclusion_n as_o follow_v first_o that_o the_o sea_n creek_n and_o bay_n be_v all_o within_o this_o statute_n in_o point_n of_o extent_n but_o that_o they_o and_o the_o shore_n and_o the_o relinquish_v ground_n be_v all_o of_o they_o out_o of_o this_o commission_n of_o sewer_n to_o be_v deal_v withal_o thereby_o second_o that_o port_n and_o havens_n be_v total_o the_o water_n as_o well_o as_o the_o wall_n and_o bank_n thereof_o within_o the_o commission_n of_o sewer_n three_o the_o shore_n and_o ground_n leave_v by_o the_o sea_n when_o they_o be_v put_v as_o in_o gainage_n be_v then_o and_o not_o before_o within_o the_o power_n of_o the_o commission_n of_o sewer_n four_o although_o the_o ground_n leave_v by_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o in_o point_n of_o defence_n within_o the_o commission_n of_o sewer_n yet_o a_o wall_n or_o bank_n may_v be_v thereon_o raise_v for_o the_o aid_n and_o succour_v of_o the_o country_n but_o not_o for_o any_o cause_n where_o the_o defence_n extend_v but_o to_o themselves_o and_o although_o the_o ground_n that_o have_v be_v gain_v from_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o county_n of_o lincoln_n and_o elsewhere_o in_o this_o realm_n yet_o that_o be_v do_v at_o the_o labour_n of_o private_a man_n and_o not_o by_o the_o commission_n of_o sewer_n which_o aim_v at_o the_o general_a good_a and_o not_o at_o private_a commodity_n so_o that_o super_fw-la totam_fw-la materiam_fw-la i_o be_o of_o opinion_n with_o the_o conclusion_n of_o my_o case_n that_o be_v that_o the_o say_v new_a island_n be_v the_o king_n the_o ground_n leave_v to_o the_o shore_n pertain_v to_o c._n the_o subject_n and_o that_o because_o they_o be_v all_o of_o they_o within_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n they_o be_v therefore_o within_o the_o extent_n of_o this_o statute_n but_o in_o regard_n they_o be_v ground_n leave_v only_o and_o not_o gain_v nor_o make_v profitable_a for_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o this_o realm_n they_o be_v not_o therefore_o within_o this_o commission_n and_o so_o i_o conclude_v my_o argument_n as_o i_o do_v my_o case_n in_o which_o i_o hope_v i_o have_v neither_o injure_v the_o subject_a in_o his_o private_a inheritance_n nor_o wrong_a prerogative_n in_o any_o point_n finis_fw-la primae_fw-la lecturae_fw-la initium_fw-la secundae_fw-la lecturae_fw-la forasmuch_o as_o the_o first_o day_n i_o go_v perambulation_n about_o the_o sea_n and_o of_o all_o which_o belong_v to_o her_o empire_n and_o dominion_n wherein_o i_o do_v survey_v her_o bound_n her_o quality_n and_o her_o government_n now_o i_o do_v intend_v to_o go_v a_o progress_n through_o the_o land_n and_o to_o take_v a_o view_n of_o the_o fair_a goodly_a river_n which_o make_v their_o voyage_n to_o the_o sea_n for_o these_o my_o statute_n have_v take_v into_o her_o protection_n and_o this_o second_o day_n i_o purpose_v to_o call_v a_o court_n of_o oyer_n and_o terminer_n and_o i_o do_v intend_v with_o your_o gentle_a patience_n to_o examine_v all_o the_o particular_n there_o arise_v and_o because_o the_o say_a statute_n of_o 23_o h._n 8._o must_v be_v my_o chief_a guide_n to_o direct_v my_o fair_a passage_n through_o these_o uncouth_a way_n i_o will_v pray_v aid_n thereon_o and_o i_o will_v now_o proceed_v to_o declare_v what_o business_n on_o land_n this_o law_n have_v undertake_v to_o defend_v and_o what_o offence_n it_o purpose_v to_o reform_v and_o according_o the_o say_a law_n do_v distribute_v itself_o into_o these_o particular_a branch_n i._o i._o first_o into_o matter_n of_o defence_n this_o statute_n maintain_v be_v these_o follow_v viz._n 1._o wall_n 2._o bank_n 3._o ditch_n 4._o gutter_n 5._o sewer_n 6._o goat_n 7._o calceys_n 8._o bridges_n second_o into_o matter_n of_o offence_n which_o this_o statute_n term_v let_v we_o impediment_n and_o annoyance_n which_o be_v to_o be_v put_v down_o or_o reform_v as_o cause_n shall_v require_v 1._o stream_n 2._o mill_n 3._o pond_n 4._o fishgarth_n 5._o mildam_n 6._o lock_n 7._o hebbingwer_n 8._o heck_n 9_o floodgate_n 10._o other_o like_a let_n and_o impediment_n and_o to_o the_o end_n i_o may_v full_o
heir_n from_o the_o say_a ancestor_n which_o make_v the_o covenant_n 33._o 28_o &_o 29_o h._n 8._o dier_n fol._n 33._o wherein_o i_o take_v this_o difference_n between_o a_o covenant_n to_o bind_v a_o heir_n and_o a_o prescription_n for_o by_o covenant_n the_o heir_n shall_v be_v bind_v to_o the_o repair_v if_o he_o have_v asset_n descend_v to_o he_o from_o that_o ancestor_n but_o the_o heir_n shall_v not_o be_v bind_v by_o prescription_n to_o repair_v though_o he_o have_v asset_n descend_v from_o his_o ancestor_n who_o repair_v the_o say_v defence_n but_o if_o land_n be_v charge_v therewithal_o by_o tenure_n or_o otherwise_o as_o a_o charge_n impose_v upon_o land_n by_o prescription_n than_o the_o say_a land_n be_v therewithal_o chargeable_a in_o cujuscunque_fw-la manus_fw-la devenerint_fw-la quod_fw-la nota_fw-la it_o appear_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o 43_o el._n cap._n 4._o that_o if_o land_n rent_n annuity_n good_n or_o chattel_n be_v give_v towards_o 4._o 43_o el._n 4._o the_o repair_n of_o bridge_n port_n havens_n calceys_n or_o sea_n bank_n that_o the_o same_o shall_v be_v so_o employ_v by_o that_o statute_n so_o that_o good_n chattel_n and_o annuity_n be_v chargeable_a to_o these_o repair_v by_o the_o force_n of_o that_o statute_n as_o well_o as_o land_n house_n and_o ground_n in_o case_n any_o such_o thing_n shall_v happen_v to_o come_v before_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n but_o note_v beside_o all_o the_o former_a matter_n that_o a_o heir_n shall_v not_o be_v bind_v by_o the_o covenant_n of_o his_o ancestor_n though_o he_o have_v asset_n descend_v unless_o he_o be_v bind_v express_o by_o the_o word_n heir_n in_o the_o covenant_n usus_fw-la rei_fw-la i_o now_o intend_v to_o declare_v where_o use_n shall_v tie_v one_o to_o the_o repair_v of_o the_o defence_n mention_v in_o this_o law_n i_o do_v not_o hereby_o mean_v that_o use_n which_o i_o have_v former_o mention_v in_o prescription_n and_o custom_n which_o be_v use_v to_o repair_v but_o the_o use_n i_o intend_v in_o this_o place_n be_v the_o use_n which_o one_o be_v to_o have_v of_o the_o defence_n or_o thing_n which_o be_v to_o be_v repair_v as_o where_o one_o and_o his_o ancestor_n have_v use_v to_o have_v the_o use_n of_o the_o river_n or_o water_n by_o sail_v up_o and_o down_o the_o same_o or_o have_v use_v to_o have_v a_o ferry_n on_o or_o over_o they_o or_o a_o staith_o to_o go_v up_o and_o down_o or_o a_o crane_n to_o draw_v up_o water_n or_o some_o other_o engine_n to_o draw_v up_o the_o water_n for_o the_o use_n of_o their_o house_n these_o use_n which_o man_n have_v of_o these_o thing_n may_v be_v cause_n and_o consideration_n sufficient_a to_o tie_v they_o to_o the_o repair_v of_o the_o wall_n bank_n and_o river_n assiz_n 37_o lib._n assiz_n and_o for_o warrant_v in_o this_o learning_n be_v the_o book_n of_o 37_o lib._n assiz_n plac_fw-la 10._o for_o there_o be_v some_o person_n which_o be_v bind_v to_o repair_v the_o river_n because_o they_o have_v passage_n on_o it_o with_o their_o boat_n and_o other_o be_v charge_v because_o they_o have_v free_a fish_n in_o the_o river_n and_o in_o my_o opinion_n it_o stand_v with_o good_a reason_n and_o agreeable_a to_o law_n that_o those_o person_n before_o other_o shall_v be_v bind_v and_o tie_v to_o the_o repair_v of_o such_o thing_n whereof_o they_o have_v peculiar_a and_o several_a profit_n and_o use_n of_o more_o than_o other_o have_v and_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o this_o very_a statute_n aim_v full_a at_o this_o point_n when_o it_o direct_v that_o such_o person_n shall_v be_v rate_v tax_v and_o sess_v towards_o the_o repair_n which_o have_v profit_n of_o fish_v and_o other_o commodity_n in_o the_o river_n but_o least_o some_o may_v mistake_v my_o meaning_n and_o learn_v also_o in_o the_o say_v former_a case_n i_o will_v therefore_o make_v the_o same_o plain_a by_o distinction_n which_o be_v this_o that_o frontage_n ownership_n and_o this_o use_n i_o last_o speak_v of_o do_v not_o bind_v any_o to_o the_o repair_n and_o maintain_v of_o wall_n bank_n bridges_n sewer_n or_o other_o defence_n when_o and_o where_o any_o other_o man_n or_o corporation_n be_v bind_v to_o do_v the_o same_o by_o prescription_n custom_n tenure_n or_o covenant_n for_o the_o say_v three_o part_n frontage_n ownership_n and_o usus_fw-la rei_fw-la be_v but_o implicit_a tie_n only_o in_o construction_n of_o law_n and_o serve_v the_o turn_n only_o when_o no_o other_o person_n or_o person_n be_v bind_v express_o thereunto_o and_o this_o distinction_n may_v be_v maintain_v by_o the_o book_n of_o 8_o h._n 7._o 7._o 8._o h._n 7._o fol._n 5._o and_o other_o book_n where_o it_o be_v say_v that_o he_o who_o ground_n be_v next_o adjoin_v be_v bind_v to_o repair_v unless_o some_o other_o be_v bind_v to_o do_v the_o same_o by_o tenure_n or_o prescription_n whereby_o it_o follow_v that_o if_o one_o be_v bind_v to_o do_v the_o same_o by_o special_a tenure_n or_o prescription_n it_o free_v the_o frontager_n note_v also_o another_o difference_n that_o in_o case_n where_o a_o frontager_n and_o one_o who_o have_v liberum_fw-la passagium_fw-la on_o the_o river_n and_o a_o man_n which_o have_v a_o free_a pischary_n there_o be_v not_o any_o one_o of_o they_o bind_v to_o make_v the_o repair_v alone_o but_o all_o alike_o together_o and_o so_o be_v the_o book_n of_o 37_o assiz_n plac_fw-la 10._o and_o i_o suppose_v the_o book_n of_o 38_o assiz_n plac_fw-la 15._o maintain_v this_o point_n with_o i_o for_o there_o the_o law_n be_v declare_v to_o be_v that_o he_o which_o assiz_n 37_o 38_o assiz_n be_v bind_v by_o prescription_n to_o repair_v be_v bind_v peremptory_o alone_a to_o do_v the_o work_n and_o not_o any_o other_o and_o if_o no_o such_o person_n can_v be_v find_v than_o the_o party_n who_o ground_n do_v adjoyn_v and_o those_o which_o have_v free_a fish_n in_o the_o river_n and_o free_a passage_n thereon_o be_v all_o of_o they_o to_o do_v and_o perform_v the_o same_o joint_o and_o no_o one_o of_o they_o be_v a_o discharge_n for_o the_o other_o because_o they_o shall_v be_v in_o consimili_fw-la casu_fw-la so_o by_o this_o which_o have_v be_v say_v touch_v these_o matter_n the_o commissioner_n may_v see_v and_o behold_v how_o careful_o and_o understand_o the_o law_n of_o this_o realm_n have_v endeavour_v to_o do_v equal_a justice_n and_o my_o desire_n be_v that_o they_o will_v as_o careful_o put_v they_o in_o execution_n a_o township_n assess_v it_o have_v be_v hold_v for_o a_o great_a question_n whether_o a_o township_n or_o hundred_o in_o general_n may_v be_v assess_v and_o tax_v to_o the_o sewer_n without_o impose_v the_o same_o on_o particular_a person_n and_o sir_n edward_n cook_n in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o ely_n be_v of_o opinion_n direct_o that_o a_o tax_n rate_v or_o a_o sesse_n ely_n case_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o ely_n can_v not_o nay_o might_n not_o be_v set_v or_o impose_v upon_o a_o town_n or_o upon_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o a_o town_n for_o say_v he_o the_o taxation_n sessment_n or_o charge_n ought_v to_o have_v these_o quality_n it_o ought_v to_o be_v according_a to_o the_o quantity_n of_o their_o land_n by_o number_n of_o acre_n and_o perche_n or_o by_o the_o tenor_n of_o profit_n of_o fish_v and_o common_a of_o pasture_n which_o if_o it_o shall_v be_v lay_v upon_o a_o town_n it_o will_v hold_v none_o of_o those_o proportion_n and_o his_o opinion_n be_v not_o alone_o in_o this_o very_a point_n for_o in_o the_o ancient_a charter_n of_o rumney_n marsh_n case_n rumney_n marsh_n case_n pag._n 50._o it_o be_v say_v quod_fw-la unusquisque_fw-la proportione_fw-la ac_fw-la periculo_fw-la incumbentium_fw-la aequae_fw-la contribuat_fw-la and_o page_n 12_o and_o 39_o of_o the_o same_o charter_n the_o taxation_n be_v express_v to_o be_v acre_n perch_n and_o carucate_n and_o our_o statute_n in_o express_a wordsis_n and_o all_o those_o person_n and_o every_o of_o they_o to_o tax_v and_o assess_v charge_n distrain_v and_o punish_v as_o well_o within_o the_o limit_n leet_n and_o bound_n of_o old_a time_n accustom_v or_o otherwise_o or_o elsewhere_o within_o this_o realm_n of_o england_n after_o the_o quantity_n of_o their_o land_n tenement_n and_o rent_n and_o by_o the_o number_n of_o acre_n and_o perch_n and_o after_o the_o rate_n of_o every_o person_n portion_n tenure_n or_o profit_n or_o after_o the_o quantity_n of_o their_o common_a of_o pasture_n or_o fish_v by_o such_o way_n and_o mean_n as_o you_o the_o lord_n fitz_n william_n sir_n francis_n vane_n and_o sir_n thomas_n mounson_n knight_n and_o baronet_n sir_n edward_n dimock_n sir_n william_n armin_n sir_n thomas_n grantham_n sir_n george_n ftiz_n william_n knight_n richard_z totheby_o and_o edward_n king_n esquire_n whereof_o three_o to_o be_v of_o the_o quorum_fw-la shall_v
in_o their_o convocation_n house_n a_o council_n mere_o consist_v of_o the_o clergy_n and_o then_o be_v confirm_v in_o parliament_n of_o which_o house_n also_o they_o be_v a_o member_n and_o therefore_o in_o my_o opinion_n see_v tithe_n be_v so_o sacred_a a_o duty_n that_o a_o layman_n can_v not_o have_v any_o help_n for_o at_o the_o common_a law_n and_o be_v exempt_a from_o temporal_a and_o profane_a use_n i_o be_o therefore_o of_o opinion_n that_o they_o be_v not_o to_o be_v rate_v or_o tax_v by_o the_o general_a word_n of_o these_o law_n yet_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o tithe_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o a_o temporal_a or_o layman_n be_v to_o be_v rate_v by_o these_o law_n for_o when_o they_o be_v come_v into_o his_o hand_n tunc_fw-la res_fw-la spirituales_fw-la fiunt_fw-la temporales_fw-la &_o transeunt_fw-la decimae_fw-la in_o catalla_fw-la but_o i_o must_v here_o leave_v these_o ecclesiastical_a person_n and_o their_o church_n living_n there_o be_v another_o point_n of_o this_o law_n will_v reach_v unto_o some_o of_o their_o possession_n as_o to_o their_o gleab_n land_n which_o belong_v to_o their_o church_n and_o their_o meadow_n and_o pasture_n ground_n for_o these_o be_v not_o sacred_a as_o tithe_n be_v but_o come_v to_o they_o by_o the_o benevolent_a gift_n of_o layman_n and_o not_o ex_fw-la duo_fw-la dei_fw-la &_o evangelii_n as_o tithe_n do_v and_o so_o they_o take_v that_o burden_n with_o they_o from_o the_o lay-donor_n which_o after_o may_v be_v impose_v upon_o they_o and_o therefore_o such_o parson_n vicar_n or_o other_o spiritual_a person_n which_o hold_v a_o plough_n land_n in_o culture_n be_v chargeable_a by_o the_o statute_n of_o 2_o mar._n towards_o the_o repair_n of_o the_o highway_n as_o other_o lay_v man_n be_v but_o in_o that_o statute_n there_o be_v ecclesiastical_a officer_n use_v as_o churchwarden_n whereby_o it_o be_v conceive_v that_o that_o statute_n have_v a_o eye_n to_o bring_v ecclesiastical_a person_n within_o the_o reach_n of_o it_o and_o so_o for_o their_o house_n and_o ground_n i_o take_v they_o to_o be_v within_o these_o law_n of_o the_o sewer_n for_o the_o own_o land_n be_v also_o chargeable_a thereunto_o and_o yet_o on_o earth_n within_o his_o dominion_n he_o be_v say_v to_o be_v caput_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la and_o as_o much_o reason_n be_v it_o to_o exempt_v his_o possession_n as_o theris_fw-la if_o the_o respect_n of_o the_o person_n shall_v bear_v any_o such_o sway_n in_o the_o case_n also_o i_o do_v find_v by_o divers_a ancient_a record_n that_o abbey_n priory_n and_o other_o spiritual_a possession_n have_v be_v chargeable_a to_o the_o repair_n of_o bridge_n calceys_n banks_n and_o highway_n by_o custom_n and_o prescription_n as_o appear_v also_o by_o the_o book_n of_o 11_o h._n 4._o fol._n 82_o 83._o and_o 44_o ed._n 3._o fitz._n 3._o 11_o h_n 4._o 44._o e._n 3._o title_n bar._n pl._n 301._o and_o i_o take_v it_o that_o by_o a_o very_o express_v and_o special_a custom_n or_o prescription_n a_o portion_n of_o tithe_n in_o a_o clergy_n man_n hand_n may_v be_v charge_v with_o the_o the_o repair_v of_o bridge_n way_n wall_n or_o sea_n banks_n but_o not_o without_o a_o direct_a affirmative_a custom_n for_o i_o suppose_v that_o they_o may_v as_o well_o endure_v a_o charge_n in_o this_o kind_n as_o a_o charge_n in_o a_o modus_fw-la decimandi_fw-la and_o so_o i_o conclude_v this_o part_n of_o the_o case_n that_o the_o person_n be_v not_o to_o be_v sess_v for_o his_o tithe_n by_o the_o general_a word_n of_o of_o this_o law_n a_o copyholder_n here_o be_v also_o a_o copyholder_n tax_v within_o my_o case_n for_o his_o copyhold_n land_n and_o whether_o he_o for_o his_o copyhold_n and_o the_o lord_n for_o the_o freehold_a of_o that_o soil_n shall_v be_v assess_v therefore_o be_v another_o question_n a_o copyhold_n by_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o manor_n yield_v and_o afford_v to_o the_o lord_n seignory_n rent_n fines_n due_a upon_o admittance_n and_o such_o like_a duty_n but_o the_o copyholder_n have_v the_o real_a and_o visible_a profit_n of_o the_o soil_n &_o therefore_o both_o lord_n &_o copyholder_n receive_v et_fw-la commodum_fw-la &_o salvationem_fw-la by_o the_o say_a defence_n and_o therefore_o the_o word_n of_o this_o law_n be_v exceed_o copious_a and_o full_a in_o this_o point_n of_o sesse_v viz._n to_o inquire_v who_o have_v and_o hold_v any_o land_n or_o tenement_n or_o common_a of_o pasture_n or_o fish_v or_o have_v or_o may_v have_v any_o hurt_n or_o damage_n or_o loss_n by_o any_o mean_n in_o or_o near_o the_o say_a place_n and_o in_o this_o case_n the_o lord_n hold_v the_o say_a land_n in_o tenure_n though_o not_o in_o culture_n and_o many_o way_n may_v have_v hurt_v and_o damage_n as_o if_o the_o copyhold_n be_v overflow_v by_o the_o sea_n the_o lord_n shall_v lose_v his_o freehold_n of_o the_o soil_n his_o seignory_n yearly_a rent_n and_o fine_n for_o admittance_n and_o all_o other_o perquesites_n so_o that_o the_o say_v word_n of_o this_o stature_n beat_v main_o upon_o he_o but_o as_o there_o be_v reason_n to_o be_v urge_v against_o he_o so_o there_o be_v matter_n to_o exempt_v he_o from_o this_o charge_n and_o to_o lay_v the_o burden_n on_o the_o copyholder_n first_o though_o he_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o copyhold_n yet_o he_o be_v seize_v of_o the_o freehold_a thereof_o but_o in_o imagination_n and_o construction_n of_o the_o law_n for_o the_o copyholder_n be_v pernor_n and_o taker_n of_o the_o visible_a and_o substantial_a profit_n second_o the_o charge_n of_o repair_n respect_v the_o possessioner_n in_o presenti_fw-la which_o be_v easy_a to_o be_v find_v out_o and_o not_o imaginary_a owner_n as_o the_o lord_n be_v and_o three_o if_o the_o lord_n &_o owner_n shall_v both_o be_v charge_v pro_fw-la una_fw-la eademque_fw-la re_fw-la which_o the_o law_n do_v never_o permit_v for_o this_o be_v not_o like_o the_o case_n of_o lord_n and_o commoner_n they_o there_o shall_v be_v charge_v the_o one_o for_o his_o soil_n and_o the_o other_o for_o his_o common_a for_o in_o this_o case_n the_o lord_n be_v the_o immediate_a proprietor_n of_o the_o soil_n and_o he_o have_v the_o present_a and_o real_a occupation_n thereof_o as_o well_o as_o the_o commoner_n have_v the_o use_n of_o his_o common_a and_o therefore_o they_o shall_v both_o be_v tax_v to_o these_o repair_v diversis_fw-la tamen_fw-la respectis_fw-la but_o for_o the_o copyholder_n it_o may_v be_v object_v that_o he_o be_v not_o within_o this_o statute_n for_o in_o heidons_n case_n in_o sir_n edward_n case_n hcidons_n case_n cook_n 3_o report_n it_o be_v true_o say_v that_o a_o copyholder_n be_v not_o within_o the_o law_n and_o statute_n which_o alter_v the_o service_n tenure_n interest_n of_o the_o land_n or_o other_o thing_n in_o prejudice_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o this_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o a_o copyholder_n land_n can_v be_v extend_v or_o put_v in_o execution_n upon_o the_o statute_n of_o westminster_n the_o second_o nor_o in_o extent_n upon_o the_o statute_n of_o acton_n burnel_n and_o de_fw-fr mercatoribus_fw-la for_o if_o they_o shall_v then_o may_v the_o sheriff_n make_v the_o lord_n new_a tenant_n without_o surrender_n and_o admittance_n which_o be_v contrary_a to_o custom_n the_o life_n and_o essence_n of_o all_o copyhold_n yet_o there_o be_v another_o good_a rule_n put_v in_o the_o say_a case_n of_o heidon_n that_o be_v that_o where_o a_o statute_n be_v make_v for_o the_o general_a good_a and_o wealth_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o that_o no_o prejudice_n can_v come_v to_o the_o lord_n by_o alteration_n of_o tenure_n service_n estate_n or_o custom_n there_o copyhold_n may_v well_o be_v within_o those_o statute_n therefore_o now_o it_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v whether_o this_o statute_n of_o sewer_n will_v in_o any_o sort_n hurt_n or_o prejudice_v the_o lord_n or_o no_o for_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o these_o law_n tend_v as_o much_o to_o the_o wealth_n and_o welfare_n of_o this_o realm_n as_o any_o can_v do_v and_o in_o rate_v and_o assess_v these_o copyhold_n to_o the_o repair_v of_o bank_n wall_n and_o sewer_n etc._n etc._n it_o alter_v neither_o the_o copyholder_n interest_n nor_o the_o lord_n tenure_n nor_o do_v it_o in_o any_o sort_n prejudice_v the_o custom_n of_o the_o manor_n but_o than_o it_o may_v be_v object_v that_o if_o sesse_v be_v impose_v upon_o a_o copyholder_n for_o his_o land_n and_o be_v not_o pay_v these_o law_n give_v sale_n of_o land_n which_o indeed_o be_v the_o only_a clause_n of_o this_o statute_n which_o be_v material_a to_o exempt_v a_o copyholder_n out_o of_o these_o law_n for_o clear_o i_o take_v it_o that_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n have_v no_o power_n to_o decree_v the_o copyhold_n land_n away_o for_o nonpayment_n of_o the_o sesse_v yet_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o a_o copyholder_n though_o he_o be_v not_o within_o
case_n and_o so_o the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n and_o of_o the_o law_n may_v herein_o be_v satisfy_v now_o i_o hope_v i_o have_v full_o instruct_v the_o commissioner_n wherein_o they_o may_v learn_v who_o to_o imprison_v when_o to_o fine_a and_o how_o to_o amerce_v in_o a_o legal_a and_o orderly_a sort_n and_o according_a to_o the_o ancient_a and_o approve_a rule_n of_o law_n and_o of_o the_o grand_a charter_n for_o in_o those_o thing_n they_o be_v to_o direct_v their_o discretion_n by_o the_o say_a rule_n and_o they_o be_v to_o be_v guide_v thereby_o and_o be_v not_o to_o proceed_v therein_o according_a to_o their_o own_o will_n and_o herein_o i_o shall_v conclude_v the_o second_o point_n of_o this_o part_n of_o the_o law_n that_o be_v that_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n have_v power_n to_o imprison_v to_o fine_a and_o to_o amerce_v and_o that_o b._n for_o refuse_v to_o obey_v their_o order_n be_v just_o imprison_v and_o c._n be_v as_o just_o fine_v and_o for_o the_o reason_n and_o cause_n aforesaid_a the_o commissioner_n in_o their_o discretion_n though_o the_o offence_n of_o both_o be_v alike_o yet_o they_o have_v power_n to_o imprison_v the_o one_o and_o to_o fine_a the_o other_o and_o now_o i_o do_v intend_v to_o proceed_v to_o the_o four_o point_n of_o my_o case_n and_o the_o three_o point_n i_o intend_v to_o handle_v in_o a_o more_o convenient_a place_n distress_n the_o point_n of_o distress_n in_o my_o case_n be_v ground_v upon_o these_o point_n 4_o point_n word_n of_o this_o law_n viz._n and_o all_o those_o person_n and_o every_o of_o they_o to_o tax_v assess_v distrain_v and_o punish_v as_o well_o within_o the_o mete_n limit_n and_o bound_n of_o old_a time_n accustom_v or_o otherwise_o or_o elsewhere_o within_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n three_o sort_n of_o distress_n first_o there_o be_v divers_a kind_n of_o distress_n viz._n judicial_a which_o always_o issue_v out_o of_o the_o roll_n of_o the_o court._n second_o ministerial_a and_o such_o distress_n be_v to_o be_v perform_v by_o the_o officer_n of_o these_o law_n without_o any_o judgement_n direct_v the_o same_o three_o and_o there_o be_v a_o distress_n of_o common_a right_n not_o give_v nor_o award_v by_o judgement_n in_o court_n or_o by_o warrant_n of_o the_o commissioner_n but_o incident_a to_o the_o thing_n itself_o and_o first_o of_o the_o judicial_a distress_n which_o be_v award_v by_o the_o court_n upon_o a_o presentment_n find_v of_o a_o nusans_a or_o in_o the_o recovery_n of_o a_o assize_n of_o nusans_n or_o in_o a_o action_n of_o the_o case_n as_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o 42_o assiz_n plac_fw-la 15._o 32_o ed._n 3._o 23._o and_o 7_o h._n 4._o 8._o there_o a_o distringas_fw-la ad_fw-la amovendum_fw-la shall_v be_v 4._o 32_o ed._n 3._o 7_o h._n 4._o award_v to_o remove_v the_o nusans_a and_o so_o in_o case_n of_o a_o decay_n present_v as_o if_o i._n s._n suffer_v a_o bank_n or_o wall_n to_o decay_v and_o that_o be_v present_v a_o distringas_fw-la ad_fw-la reparandum_fw-la shall_v be_v direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n to_o distrain_v i._o s._n to_o repair_v the_o same_o second_o a_o distress_n ministerial_a be_v where_o one_o be_v assess_v or_o rate_v to_o pay_v a_o certain_a sum_n of_o money_n towards_o the_o repair_n of_o a_o wall_n bank_n sewer_n or_o goat_n here_o upon_o warrant_n from_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n the_o officer_n express_v in_o that_o warrant_n may_v distrain_v the_o cattle_n of_o the_o party_n which_o ought_v to_o pay_v the_o say_a rate_n and_o sess_n and_o which_o do_v neglect_v to_o pay_v the_o same_o and_o yet_o where_o there_o be_v a_o rate_n and_o sess_n impose_v upon_o one_o by_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o the_o collector_n or_o officer_n may_v distrain_v therefore_o without_o any_o express_a warrant_n from_o the_o commissioner_n so_o to_o do_v and_o my_o reason_n be_v ground_v upon_o the_o statute_n which_o be_v this_o because_o the_o statute_n and_o commission_n which_o be_v the_o general_a law_n do_v of_o themselves_o in_o this_o case_n give_v a_o distress_n and_o therefore_o in_o these_o case_n the_o warrant_n of_o the_o commissioner_n be_v superfluous_a like_a to_o the_o case_n in_o 20_o eliz._n dyer_n eliz._n 20_o eliz._n fol._n 362._o where_o a_o fine_a be_v levy_v of_o land_n to_o the_o intent_n that_o i._o s._n shall_v have_v and_o receive_v a_o yearly_a rent_n thereout_o although_o in_o the_o conveyance_n there_o be_v no_o mention_n make_v that_o the_o party_n may_v distrain_v for_o the_o same_o yet_o in_o that_o book_n it_o be_v mention_v to_o be_v adjudge_v that_o the_o owner_n of_o that_o rent_n may_v distrain_v for_o the_o same_o because_o the_o statute_n of_o 27_o h._n 8._o in_o 8._o 27_o h._n 8._o that_o case_n give_v a_o distress_n upon_o which_o statute_n the_o say_a conveyance_n be_v ground_v so_o if_o their_o be_fw-mi two_o coparcener_n to_o who_o land_n do_v descend_v and_o they_o make_v partition_n and_o for_o more_o equality_n she_o that_o have_v the_o better_a part_n do_v grant_v to_o the_o other_o and_o her_o heir_n a_o yearly_a rent_n out_o of_o her_o land_n but_o limit_n no_o clause_n or_o power_n of_o distress_n she_o to_o who_o this_o yearly_a rent_n be_v grant_v may_v distrain_v therefore_o and_o so_o may_v a_o bailiff_n distrain_v for_o a_o amerciament_n in_o a_o leet_n without_o a_o warrant_n because_o the_o general_a law_n give_v a_o distress_n in_o these_o case_n three_o and_o as_o touch_v a_o distress_n of_o common_a right_n it_o be_v in_o case_n where_o one_o do_v hold_v his_o land_n of_o his_o lord_n as_o of_o his_o manor_n to_o repair_v a_o bank_n wall_n or_o other_o work_n of_o sewer_n the_o lord_n of_o who_o these_o land_n be_v hold_v may_v distrain_v his_o tenant_n of_o common_a right_a to_o compel_v he_o to_o make_v these_o repair_n and_o the_o distress_n give_v in_o the_o say_a case_n of_o the_o coparcener_n and_o in_o the_o say_a case_n of_o amerciament_n in_o a_o court_n of_o leet_n seem_v both_o to_o be_v distress_n of_o common_a right_n and_o that_o the_o law_n be_v that_o a_o distress_n lie_v for_o a_o rate_n lot_n or_o tax_n impose_v by_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n it_o be_v manifest_a by_o the_o case_n of_o rook_n in_o cook_n 5_o report_n which_o be_v full_a and_o direct_a authority_n in_o the_o point_n in_o what_o place_n a_o distress_n be_v to_o be_v take_v now_o touch_v the_o place_n where_o these_o distress_n be_v to_o be_v take_v come_v next_o into_o our_o consideration_n wherein_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o matter_n distrain_v for_o and_o the_o power_n from_o whence_o the_o distress_n be_v derive_v be_v to_o be_v consider_v of_o and_o therefore_o if_o a_o lord_n do_v distrain_v his_o tenant_n ratione_fw-la tenurae_fw-la for_o to_o repair_v a_o wall_n bank_n or_o other_o defence_n this_o distress_n must_v be_v take_v on_o the_o ground_n hold_v by_o this_o tenure_n and_o not_o elsewhere_o for_o these_o ground_n be_v chargeable_a therewithal_o as_o the_o opinion_n of_o justice_n sylliard_n be_v 21_o ed._n 4._o fol._n 38._o but_o not_o as_o that_o case_n be_v but_o in_o point_n of_o tenure_n 4._o 21_o ed._n 4._o for_o there_o the_o case_n be_v that_o a_o presentment_n be_v find_v in_o hec_fw-la verba_fw-la videlicet_fw-la juratores_fw-la present_n '_o quod_fw-la est_fw-la communis_fw-la regius_fw-la via_fw-la in_o parochia_fw-la sancti_fw-la martini_n in_o campis_n in_o com'_n middlesex_n inter_fw-la hospitia_fw-la epis_n '_o dunelmensis_n &_o epis_n '_o norwich_n totalitur_fw-la superundat_fw-la '_o aquis_fw-la &_o quod_fw-la tam_fw-la domini_fw-la spirituales_fw-la quam_fw-la temporales_fw-la &_o justiciarii_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la &_o servientes_fw-la ad_fw-la legem_fw-la &_o omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la legis_fw-la ministri_fw-la &_o omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la per_fw-la viam_fw-la illam_fw-la versus_fw-la westmonaster_n '_o itinerante_v pro_fw-la legibus_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la ibidem_fw-la ministrandis_fw-la &_o observandis_fw-la sepius_fw-la impediuntur_fw-la per_fw-la quod_fw-la via_fw-la illa_fw-la totalliter_fw-la superinundata_fw-la existit_fw-la excessu_fw-la emanationis_fw-la aquae_fw-la pluvialis_fw-la ibidem_fw-la remanent_fw-la '_o quam_fw-la quidem_fw-la aquam_fw-la episcopus_fw-la norwicensis_fw-la rationae_fw-la tenurae_fw-la suae_fw-la ibidem_fw-la evacuaere_fw-la debuit_fw-la &_o quod_fw-la ipse_fw-la &_o omnes_fw-la predecessores_fw-la svi_fw-la ratione_fw-la tenurae_fw-la suae_fw-la ibidem_fw-la evacuaere_fw-la debent_fw-la and_o in_o this_o case_n i_o take_v it_o the_o land_n be_v charge_v not_o as_o in_o respect_n the_o bishop_n of_o norwich_n do_v hold_v the_o same_o of_o some_o lord_n by_o the_o tenure_n to_o repair_v the_o sewer_n to_o avoid_v the_o water_n but_o his_o land_n stand_v charge_v with_o the_o same_o as_o a_o charge_n impose_v thereon_o by_o custom_n or_o prescription_n as_o by_o the_o precedent_n itself_o appear_v for_o if_o the_o bishop_n of_o norwich_n have_v be_v
perpetual_a charge_n by_o any_o power_n or_o authority_n give_v by_o this_o statute_n but_o in_o the_o say_a case_n of_o romney_n marsh_n the_o custom_n there_o maintain_v this_o point_n yet_o not_o a_o bene_fw-la verba_fw-la huius_fw-la statuti_fw-la which_o be_v these_o viz._n and_o to_o make_v and_o ordain_v statute_n ordinance_n and_o provision_n from_o time_n to_o time_n as_o the_o case_n shall_v require_v for_o the_o safeguard_n conservation_n redress_n correction_n or_o reformation_n of_o the_o premise_n and_o every_o of_o they_o and_o the_o party_n liable_a to_o the_o same_o necessary_a and_o behooveful_a after_o the_o law_n &_o custom_n of_o romney_n marsh_n in_o the_o county_n of_o kent_n or_o otherwise_o by_o any_o way_n or_o mean_n after_o their_o own_o wisdom_n and_o discretion_n these_o be_v the_o word_n and_o this_o be_v the_o clause_n which_o must_v make_v good_a this_o perpetual_a charge_n for_o that_o it_o do_v former_o appear_v that_o such_o like_a law_n and_o custom_n there_o be_v in_o romney_n marsh_n as_o this_o be_v and_o therefore_o i_o may_v conclude_v this_o point_n that_o the_o commissioner_n in_o imitation_n of_o the_o say_a ordinance_n of_o romney_n marsh_n may_v make_v decree_n to_o bind_v land_n to_o perpetual_a charge_n yet_o sir_n edward_n cook_n in_o keighlies_n case_n set_v it_o down_o as_o resolve_v that_o the_o several_a commissioner_n of_o sewer_n throughout_o all_o england_n be_v not_o bind_v to_o pursue_v the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o romney_n marsh_n but_o in_o case_n where_o some_o particular_a place_n within_o their_o commission_n have_v such_o law_n &_o custom_n as_o romney_n marsh_n have_v there_o they_o may_v pursue_v they_o but_o in_o my_o own_o opinion_n the_o commissioner_n may_v if_o they_o please_v make_v ordinance_n and_o law_n like_v to_o those_o of_o romney_n marsh_n where_o there_o have_v not_o be_v any_o such_o use_n and_o the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n as_o i_o take_v it_o will_v bear_v that_o construction_n and_o the_o say_a opinion_n of_o sir_n edward_n cook_n be_v not_o direct_o against_o this_o and_o upon_o decree_n for_o sale_n of_o land_n it_o be_v usual_a in_o these_o decree_n to_o bind_v those_o land_n to_o the_o perpetual_a repair_n sales_n of_o land_n the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n which_o be_v make_v for_o sale_n of_o land_n be_v these_o provide_v always_o that_o if_o any_o person_n or_o person_n be_v assess_v or_o tax_v to_o any_o lot_n or_o charge_n for_o any_o land_n tenement_n or_o hereditament_n within_o the_o limit_n of_o any_o commission_n hereafter_o to_o be_v direct_v do_v not_o pay_v the_o say_a lot_n and_o charge_n according_a to_o the_o order_n and_o assignment_n of_o the_o commissioner_n have_v power_n of_o the_o execution_n of_o the_o say_a commission_n etc._n etc._n by_o reason_n whereof_o if_o it_o shall_v happen_v the_o say_a commissioner_n for_o lack_v of_o payment_n of_o such_o lot_n &_o charge_n to_o decree_n and_o ordain_v the_o say_a land_n and_o tenement_n from_o the_o owner_n or_o owner_n thereof_o and_o their_o heir_n and_o the_o heir_n of_o every_o of_o they_o to_o any_o person_n or_o person_n for_o term_n of_o year_n term_v of_o life_n fee_fw-mi simple_a or_o fee_n tail_n for_o payment_n of_o the_o same_o lot_n and_o charge_n then_o every_o such_o decree_n and_o ordinance_n so_o by_o they_o ingross_v into_o parchment_n and_o certify_v under_o their_o seal_n into_o the_o king_n court_n of_o chancery_n with_o the_o king_n royal_a assent_n have_v to_o the_o same_o shall_v bind_v all_o and_o every_o person_n and_o person_n that_o at_o the_o make_n of_o the_o same_o decree_n have_v any_o interest_n in_o such_o land_n tenement_n and_o hereditament_n in_o use_n possession_n reversion_n or_o remainder_n their_o heir_n and_o feoffee_n and_o every_o of_o they_o and_o not_o to_o be_v in_o any_o wise_a reform_a unless_o it_o be_v by_o authority_n in_o parliament_n hereafter_o to_o be_v summon_v and_o hold_v within_o the_o realm_n and_o also_o that_o the_o same_o law_n ordinance_n and_o decree_n to_o be_v make_v and_o ordain_v by_o the_o commissioner_n or_o any_o six_o of_o they_o by_o authority_n of_o the_o say_a commission_n shall_v bind_v as_o well_o the_o land_n tenement_n and_o hereditament_n of_o our_o sovereign_n the_o king_n as_o all_z and_o every_o other_o person_n and_o person_n and_o their_o heir_n and_o such_o their_o interest_n as_o they_o shall_v fortune_n to_o have_v in_o any_o land_n tenement_n and_o hereditament_n or_o other_o casual_a profit_n advantage_n or_o commodity_n whatsoever_o they_o be_v whereunto_o the_o say_v law_n ordinance_n and_o decree_n shall_v in_o any_o wise_a extend_v according_a to_o the_o true_a purport_n meaning_n and_o intent_n of_o the_o say_a law_n this_o clause_n or_o proviso_n be_v strange_o place_v in_o this_o statute_n as_o if_o this_o statute_n have_v not_o be_v the_o first_o father_n of_o it_o and_o as_o if_o this_o law_n have_v make_v some_o addition_n to_o a_o former_a law_n but_o i_o take_v it_o that_o this_o statute_n be_v and_o be_v the_o first_o and_o only_a law_n which_o give_v sale_n of_o land_n in_o case_n of_o sewer_n and_o this_o clause_n stand_v upon_o these_o four_o pillar_n imprimis_fw-la for_o what_o cause_n land_n may_v be_v sell_v by_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n second_o what_o land_n be_v to_o be_v sell_v within_o these_o law_n three_o what_o person_n what_o estate_n and_o interest_n be_v to_o be_v bind_v thereby_o four_o to_o what_o person_n these_o land_n may_v be_v sell_v or_o decree_v the_o statute_n be_v if_o any_o person_n sess_v do_v not_o pay_v whereby_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o land_n be_v to_o be_v sell_v for_o sess_v and_o charge_v impose_v by_o the_o commissioner_n which_o lie_v in_o payment_n only_o and_o they_o may_v not_o be_v decree_v away_o for_o any_o other_o cause_n or_o matter_n and_o therefore_o if_o one_o hold_v his_o land_n to_o repair_v a_o wall_n bank_n sewer_n or_o other_o work_n of_o sewer_n and_o he_o neglect_v to_o repair_v the_o same_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n can_v for_o this_o cause_n decree_v the_o land_n away_o from_o the_o owner_n because_o this_o charge_n lie_v not_o in_o payment_n and_o i_o can_v gather_v out_o of_o the_o word_n of_o this_o statute_n that_o land_n can_v be_v decree_v for_o any_o cause_n then_o for_o nonpayment_n of_o a_o lot_n sess_n or_o charge_n by_o reason_n this_o word_n payment_n be_v reiterated_a three_o or_o four_o time_n in_o this_o branch_n of_o the_o statute_n and_o no_o other_o word_n be_v couple_v with_o it_o to_o infer_v any_o other_o or_o large_a exposition_n if_o i._o s._n do_v hold_v his_o land_n of_o the_o lord_n of_o a_o manor_n by_o the_o payment_n of_o twenty_o shilling_n yearly_a or_o other_o sum_n towards_o the_o repair_n of_o a_o work_n of_o sewer_n and_o he_o do_v neglect_v to_o pay_v the_o same_o whereby_o the_o work_n be_v unrepaired_a although_o this_o be_v a_o charge_n which_o lie_v in_o payment_n yet_o because_o it_o grow_v due_a by_o tenure_n by_o the_o common_a law_n and_o be_v not_o impose_v by_o the_o force_n of_o this_o statute_n therefore_o the_o land_n of_o i._o s._n can_v be_v decree_v from_o he_o by_o the_o nonpayment_n thereof_o by_o the_o tenor_n and_o virtue_n of_o this_o law_n of_o sewer_n but_o if_o the_o land_n of_o one_o be_v general_o charge_v to_o repair_v such_o a_o wall_n or_o other_o work_n of_o sewer_n by_o prescription_n covenant_n or_o otherwise_o and_o the_o commissioner_n impose_v a_o sesse_v and_o rate_v upon_o he_o to_o repair_v it_o and_o he_o do_v not_o there_o in_o this_o case_n although_o the_o charge_n be_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o common_a law_n yet_o because_o the_o sesse_v and_o rate_n be_v set_v upon_o he_o by_o the_o power_n of_o this_o statute_n i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o for_o neglect_v of_o payment_n the_o say_a land_n may_v be_v sell_v by_o the_o decree_n of_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n so_o if_o one_o do_v hold_v his_o land_n for_o the_o payment_n of_o twenty_o shilling_n to_o repair_v a_o bank_n and_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n do_v order_v the_o party_n to_o pay_v the_o twenty_o shilling_n at_o a_o time_n by_o they_o prescribe_v not_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o usual_a day_n of_o payment_n and_o he_o do_v neglect_v to_o pay_v the_o commissioner_n may_v decree_v his_o land_n from_o he_o because_o this_o charge_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o say_a order_n have_v get_v the_o force_n and_o power_n of_o this_o statute_n if_o a_o charge_n be_v general_o lay_v upon_o a_o township_n hundred_o or_o rape_n which_o be_v not_o pay_v according_a to_o the_o commissioner_n order_n no_o land_n can_v be_v decree_v in_o this_o case_n because_o no_o person_n or_o land_n be_v in_o this_o case_n particular_o charge_v and_o the_o
decree_n of_o the_o sale_n must_v be_v direct_v by_o and_o depend_v upon_o the_o sesse_v but_o if_o after_o the_o general_n sesse_v be_v lay_v the_o same_o be_v after_o assess_v upon_o particular_a person_n by_o particular_a sum_n by_o the_o say_a commissioner_n then_o upon_o default_n of_o payment_n their_o land_n make_v default_n may_v be_v decree_v from_o they_o by_o the_o power_n of_o this_o statute_n if_o a_o assess_v or_o charge_v of_o payment_n be_v lay_v upon_o certain_a land_n without_o mention_v the_o owner_n the_o land_n can_v be_v decree_v from_o he_o by_o this_o law_n for_o the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n be_v that_o if_o any_o person_n or_o person_n assess_v to_o any_o lot_n or_o charge_n do_v not_o pay_v so_o that_o i_o shall_v take_v it_o that_o no_o decree_n for_o sale_n of_o land_n can_v be_v make_v but_o where_o there_o be_v a_o person_n certain_o assess_v by_o name_n land_n can_v be_v decree_v away_o from_o the_o owner_n for_o default_n of_o payment_n of_o fines_n amerciament_n or_o pain_n for_o though_o these_o be_v sum_n of_o money_n or_o charge_n impose_v by_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n of_o person_n certain_a for_o matter_n touch_v these_o law_n yet_o because_o they_o be_v not_o sess_v or_o rate_v towards_o the_o repair_n of_o any_o work_n of_o sewer_n but_o be_v set_v upon_o the_o party_n as_o mulct_n and_o punishment_n and_o be_v due_a to_o the_o king_n therefore_o no_o decree_n of_o land_n can_v be_v make_v for_o any_o of_o they_o now_o the_o second_o part_n of_o this_o clause_n be_v what_o land_n may_v be_v decree_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o say_a statute_n and_o thereby_o it_o appear_v they_o must_v be_v such_o land_n as_o lie_v and_o be_v within_o the_o power_n of_o this_o commission_n of_o sewer_n and_o herein_o rest_v a_o difference_n between_o the_o case_n of_o a_o distress_n for_o a_o sesse_v which_o may_v be_v take_v in_o any_o place_n within_o this_o realm_n and_o the_o decree_n of_o sale_n of_o land_n for_o nonpayment_n of_o a_o sesse_v which_o must_v lie_v within_o the_o bound_n and_o extent_n of_o the_o commission_n for_o this_o distress_n be_v circumscribe_v to_o the_o extent_n of_o the_o statute_n which_o be_v over_o the_o whole_a realm_n and_o the_o sale_n be_v tie_v to_o the_o limit_n of_o the_o commission_n and_o i_o be_o also_o of_o opinion_n that_o no_o land_n can_v be_v sell_v away_o by_o the_o decree_n of_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n but_o such_o as_o be_v charge_v with_o the_o sesse_v if_o one_o hold_v his_o land_n in_o comitat_fw-la '_o eborum_fw-la to_o repair_v a_o sea-bank_n in_o the_o county_n of_o lincoln_n and_o the_o owner_n be_v assess_v therefore_o and_o make_v default_n of_o payment_n the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n in_o the_o county_n of_o lincoln_n may_v give_v warrant_n to_o distrain_v for_o this_o sesse_v in_o the_o county_n of_o york_n but_o they_o can_v decree_v away_o by_o sale_n those_o land_n lie_v there_o which_o be_v charge_v with_o the_o sesse_v a_o copyholder_n land_n can_v be_v decree_v against_o he_o by_o this_o law_n for_o if_o it_o may_v than_o these_o customary_a land_n shall_v be_v transfer_v from_o one_o to_o another_o contrary_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o manor_n whereof_o they_o be_v parcel_n and_o it_o will_v infringe_v that_o rule_n which_o be_v deliver_v in_o heidons_n case_n case_n heidons_n case_n in_o cook_n 3_o report_n which_o be_v when_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n do_v alter_v the_o service_n tenure_n and_o interest_n of_o the_o land_n or_o other_o thing_n in_o prejudice_n of_o the_o lord_n or_o of_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o manor_n or_o of_o the_o tenant_n there_o the_o general_a word_n of_o such_o a_o statute_n do_v not_o extend_v to_o copyhold_n and_o in_o this_o case_n if_o any_o sale_n shall_v be_v make_v by_o the_o commissioner_n all_o the_o say_a rule_n shall_v be_v infringe_v for_o it_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o custom_n to_o pass_v these_o land_n without_o surrender_n it_o be_v in_o prejudice_n of_o the_o lord_n to_o have_v copyhold-land_n pass_v and_o he_o to_o have_v no_o fine_a and_o i_o be_o likewise_o of_o opinion_n that_o the_o freehold_a of_o these_o land_n can_v not_o be_v pass_v away_o for_o a_o sesse_v or_o a_o lay_n because_o the_o lord_n have_v but_o the_o shadow_n and_o the_o copyholder_n have_v the_o substance_n but_o if_o the_o lord_n rent_n of_o assize_n shall_v be_v assess_v as_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v and_o he_o do_v neglect_v to_o pay_v than_o these_o rent_n may_v be_v decree_v from_o he_o and_o so_o may_v all_o other_o land_n tenement_n and_o hereditament_n decree_v in_o respect_n whereof_o one_o be_v sessable_a and_o sess_v by_o the_o law_n the_o three_o branch_n of_o this_o clause_n be_v the_o direct_a point_n in_o my_o case_n viz._n what_o person_n &_o what_o estate_n be_v bind_v by_o these_o decree_n and_o first_o of_o the_o heir_n in_o tail_n whether_o they_o be_v bind_v by_o a_o decree_n make_v against_o the_o donee_n in_o tail_n their_o ancestor_n be_v the_o question_n in_o the_o handle_n whereof_o i_o hold_v it_o sit_v to_o show_v in_o what_o case_n the_o heir_n in_o tail_n have_v be_v bind_v by_o the_o act_n of_o their_o ancestor_n and_o the_o reason_n and_o cause_n thereof_o and_o therefore_o if_o a_o disseisor_n make_v a_o gift_n in_o tail_n and_o the_o donee_n in_o tail_n grant_v a_o rent_n to_o the_o dissessee_n for_o release_v of_o his_o right_n this_o will_v bind_v the_o heir_n in_o tail_n for_o that_o by_o this_o release_n his_o estate_n which_o before_o be_v defeisable_v be_v now_o confirm_v as_o by_o the_o book_n of_o 44_o ed._n 3._o 22._o and_o 20_o ed._n 4._o 13._o 3._o 44_o ed._n 3._o 20_o ed._n 4._o 46_o ed._n 3._o appear_v and_o so_o in_o 46_o ed._n 3._o a_o gift_n in_o tail_n be_v make_v ita_fw-la quod_fw-la the_o donee_n may_v alien_n to_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o heir_n in_o tail_n and_o and_o this_o by_o judge_n welbey_n be_v hold_v a_o condition_n which_o bind_v the_o heir_n in_o tail_n for_o his_o benefit_n and_o in_o 12._o ed._n 4._o 1._o tregouse_n and_o taltarm_n case_n be_v that_o a_o recovery_n against_o tenant_n 4._o 12_o ed._n 4._o in_o tail_n with_o a_o voucher_n by_o he_o over_o do_v bind_v the_o heir_n in_o tail_n by_o the_o common_a law_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o intend_a recompense_n which_o be_v to_o come_v to_o he_o by_o the_o voucher_n and_o so_o a_o lineal_a warranty_n with_o asset_n and_o a_o collateral_a warranty_n without_o asset_n be_v and_o be_v both_o of_o they_o bar_n to_o the_o issue_n by_o reason_n also_o of_o the_o intend_a recompense_n and_o these_o be_v thing_n which_o be_v original_o tie_v to_o those_o estate_n and_o be_v incident_n to_o they_o ab_fw-la initio_fw-la and_o therefore_o this_o shall_v suffice_v to_o treat_v of_o bar_n to_o the_o issue_n in_o tail_n by_o the_o common_a law_n and_o now_o i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o show_v in_o what_o case_n they_o be_v bar_v of_o their_o estate_n by_o the_o statute_n of_o this_o realm_n by_o the_o statute_n of_o 16_o r._n 2._o cap._n 5._o the_o land_n and_o tenement_n 2._o 16_o r._n 2._o of_o one_o attaint_n in_o a_o praemunire_n be_v to_o be_v forfeit_v to_o the_o king_n and_o in_o 21_o eliz._n one_o trudgin_n be_v tenant_n in_o tail_n el._n 11_o el._n and_o be_v attaint_v in_o a_o praemunire_n and_o the_o question_n be_v whether_o entail_v land_n be_v forfeit_v against_o the_o issue_n in_o tail_n or_o not_o and_o in_o doctor_n forster_n case_n in_o cook_n 11_o report_n rep._n c._n 11_o rep._n it_o be_v there_o say_v to_o be_v resolve_v that_o the_o general_a word_n of_o that_o statute_n do_v not_o repeal_v the_o statute_n of_o westminster_n 2._o of_o entail_v and_o so_o the_o forfeiture_n be_v there_o resolve_v to_o continue_v but_o for_o the_o life_n of_o trudgin_n and_o do_v not_o bind_v the_o issue_n in_o tail_n a_o judgement_n in_o debt_n against_o tenant_n in_o tail_n or_o if_o he_o be_v bind_v in_o a_o statute_n or_o in_o a_o recognizance_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o statute_n the_o land_n entail_v be_v not_o extendable_a nor_o to_o be_v hold_v in_o extent_n by_o the_o statute_n of_o westminster_n 2._o acton_n burnel_n or_o by_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr mercatoribus_fw-la by_o any_o of_o the_o general_a word_n of_o these_o law_n but_o the_o statute_n of_o 33_o h._n 8._o cap._n 39_o by_o express_a word_n bind_v the_o heir_n in_o tail_n for_o their_o land_n 8._o 23_o h._n 8._o who_o ancestor_n stand_v indebt_v to_o the_o king_n by_o judgement_n recognizance_n obligation_n or_o other_o specialty_n but_o the_o statute_n of_o 26_o h._n 8._o cap._n 13._o enact_n that_o every_o 8._o 26_o h._n 8._o one_o which_o shall_v be_v
sit_v commissioner_n by_o this_o statute_n for_o they_o have_v these_o land_n in_o eorum_fw-la usu_fw-la during_o the_o time_n they_o continue_v in_o their_o place_n which_o in_o intendment_n of_o law_n be_v for_o their_o life_n but_o yet_o by_o the_o intendment_n of_o law_n they_o be_v not_o to_o sit_v in_o the_o execution_n of_o any_o humane_a affair_n and_o therefore_o see_v their_o person_n be_v out_o of_o the_o intendment_n of_o this_o law_n so_o likewise_o shall_v their_o church_n living_n be_v but_o this_o be_v but_o a_o conceit_n for_o although_o they_o be_v not_o person_n have_v these_o land_n within_o the_o statute_n of_o 32_o h._n 8._o of_o will_n which_o be_v a_o have_v to_o dispose_v yet_o they_o may_v be_v within_o our_o statute_n which_o be_v a_o have_v to_o retain_v if_o a_o executor_n have_v a_o villain_n for_o year_n which_o purchase_v land_n of_o forty_o mark_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la he_o may_v sit_v in_o the_o execution_n of_o this_o commission_n for_o till_o his_o lord_n enter_v he_o have_v they_o to_o his_o own_o use_n but_o if_o the_o executor_n enter_v than_o neither_o the_o villain_n nor_o executor_n can_v sit_v a_o commissioner_n by_o this_o law_n if_o a_o alien_a purchase_n land_n of_o sufficient_a value_n in_o fee_n he_o in_o respect_n of_o his_o person_n be_v a_o disable_v person_n to_o sit_v neither_o be_v he_o a_o person_n have_v land_n because_o he_o be_v not_o seize_v thereof_o to_o his_o own_o use_n but_o to_o the_o use_n of_o the_o king_n but_o if_o he_o be_v make_v a_o denizen_n then_o in_o his_o person_n he_o be_v make_v capable_a the_o warden_n of_o the_o fleet_n who_o have_v land_n belong_v to_o his_o office_n may_v in_o respect_n thereof_o sit_v a_o commissioner_n by_o this_o law_n but_o shall_v a_o termor_n or_o lessee_n for_o year_n of_o land_n of_o good_a value_n be_v thrust_v out_o of_o commission_n and_o be_v count_v neither_o a_o sufficient_a land_a man_n nor_o his_o term_n and_o lease_n to_o be_v accept_v movable_a substance_n and_o not_o only_o so_o but_o that_o his_o farm_n shall_v be_v a_o further_a disablement_n unto_o he_o as_o the_o statute_n of_o 13_o el._n cap._n 9_o seem_v to_o purport_n the_o word_n of_o which_o statute_n be_v that_o no_o farmer_n or_o farmer_n for_o term_n of_o year_n of_o any_o manner_n land_n or_o tenement_n lie_v or_o be_v within_o the_o precinct_n or_o limit_n of_o any_o such_o commission_n of_o sewer_n which_o be_v or_o which_o hereafter_o may_v be_v order_v and_o chargeable_a by_o any_o law_n ordinance_n and_o construction_n make_v or_o to_o be_v make_v by_o virtue_n of_o any_o such_o commission_n wherein_o he_o or_o they_o shall_v be_v name_v or_o appoint_v commissioner_n or_o commissioner_n not_o have_v estate_n in_o freehold_n within_o the_o realm_n of_o or_o in_o manor_n land_n or_o tenement_n of_o the_o yearly_a value_n of_o forty_o pound_n shall_v any_o time_n hereafter_o have_v power_n to_o sit_v or_o in_o any_o wise_a intermeddle_v with_o the_o execution_n of_o such_o commission_n or_o commission_n during_o the_o time_n he_o or_o they_o shall_v continue_v or_o be_v such_o farmer_n or_o farmer_n of_o any_o such_o manner_n land_n and_o tenement_n and_o shall_v not_o have_v estate_n of_o freehold_a as_o aforesaid_a but_o that_o every_o such_o commission_n have_v respect_n only_o to_o every_o such_o person_n or_o person_n for_o such_o and_o so_o long_a time_n as_o he_o or_o they_o shall_v be_v or_o continue_v farmer_n or_o farmer_n of_o any_o such_o manor_n land_n or_o tenement_n shall_v be_v deny_v and_o judge_v in_o law_n as_o void_a but_o yet_o in_o the_o close_n up_o of_o that_o statute_n of_o 13_o el._n there_o be_v a_o proviso_n to_o this_o effect_n provide_v always_o that_o it_o shall_v be_v lawful_a for_o any_o commissioner_n be_v also_o a_o farmer_n and_o not_o have_v land_n or_o tenement_n to_o the_o clear_a yearly_a value_n of_o forty_o pound_n of_o freehold_n to_o sit_v by_o virtue_n of_o the_o say_a commission_n and_o have_v his_o voice_n and_o full_a authority_n with_o other_o to_o make_v and_o establish_v ordinance_n for_o sewer_n according_a to_o the_o tenure_n of_o the_o commission_n touch_v and_o concern_v all_o land_n and_o tenement_n within_o the_o precinct_n of_o every_o such_o commission_n other_o than_o such_o land_n and_o tenement_n as_o he_o or_o they_o for_o the_o time_n hold_v and_o enjoy_v as_o farmer_n as_o he_o or_o they_o may_v have_v do_v before_o the_o make_n of_o that_o statute_n but_o he_o can_v not_o have_v sit_v in_o execution_n of_o this_o commission_n before_o the_o make_n of_o this_o statute_n unless_o he_o have_v beside_o his_o lease_n land_n to_o the_o value_n of_o forty_o mark_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la and_o therefore_o a_o lease_n for_o year_n be_v no_o inablement_n at_o all_o but_o a_o disablement_n as_o this_o statute_n declare_v but_o the_o time_n when_o this_o have_v of_o land_n etc._n etc._n will_v suffice_v to_o qualify_v a_o commissioner_n to_o sit_v within_o this_o law_n be_v now_o to_o be_v consider_v of_o wherein_o i_o be_o opinion_n that_o the_o when_o have_v must_v be_v refer_v to_o the_o then_o sit_v for_o the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n be_v that_o none_o take_v upon_o he_o to_o sit_v not_o have_v land_n to_o the_o yearly_a value_n of_o forty_o mark_n so_o that_o if_o he_o have_v not_o land_n of_o that_o value_n when_o he_o be_v first_o make_v a_o commissioner_n yet_o if_o he_o have_v so_o much_o when_o he_o sit_v upon_o the_o commission_n it_o will_v satisfy_v this_o law_n and_o if_o once_o he_o have_v land_n of_o that_o value_n and_o sit_v and_o after_o sell_v the_o land_n away_o or_o if_o they_o be_v evict_v from_o he_o he_o be_v then_o disable_v to_o sit_v as_o a_o commissioner_n by_o this_o statute_n and_o so_o if_o he_o be_v but_o tenant_n for_o the_o life_n of_o i._o s._n and_o i._n s._n die_v he_o ought_v not_o to_o sit_v in_o 12_o h._n 7._o 7._o a_o juror_n which_o be_v to_o pass_v upon_o trial_n of_o land_n be_v to_o have_v forty_o shilling_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la of_o freehold_n and_o 7._o 12_o h._n 7._o 7._o after_o he_o be_v impanel_v and_o before_o he_o be_v swear_v he_o sell_v away_o his_o land_n and_o when_o he_o come_v to_o be_v swear_v he_o be_v challenge_v for_o want_v of_o freehold_n but_o the_o challenge_n be_v disalow_v for_o after_o he_o be_v impanel_v his_o land_n though_o after_o sell_v away_o be_v chargeable_a with_o the_o issue_n which_o he_o after_o may_v lose_v in_o that_o matter_n and_o with_o this_o agree_v 14_o h._n 7._o 2._o by_o frowick_n but_o our_o statute_n be_v more_o precise_o pen_v which_o be_v that_o none_o do_v presume_v to_o sit_v unless_o he_o have_v land_n of_o that_o value_n or_o be_v etc._n etc._n therefore_o when_o he_o sit_v he_o must_v have_v the_o land_n and_o if_o a._n do_v bargain_n and_o sell_v his_o land_n to_o b._n by_o deed_n intend_v of_o that_o value_n and_o before_o the_o inrolment_n of_o the_o deed_n b._n do_v sit_v as_o commissioner_n and_o after_o the_o deed_n be_v enrol_v yet_o this_o do_v not_o qualify_v his_o offence_n and_o the_o relation_n of_o the_o work_n of_o this_o deed_n do_v not_o assist_v he_o to_o take_v off_o the_o penalty_n of_o this_o law_n also_o a_o man_n disseise_v be_v during_o the_o disseisin_n disable_v to_o sit_v for_o he_o have_v not_o then_o power_n to_o devise_v the_o land_n by_o the_o statute_n of_o 32_o h._n 8._o of_o will_n for_o that_o statute_n do_v as_o we_o do_v use_v the_o word_n have_v in_o presenti_fw-la and_o not_o in_o futuro_fw-la and_o thus_o much_o i_o think_v convenient_a upon_o this_o occasion_n to_o deliver_v my_o opinion_n when_o the_o commissioner_n must_v have_v his_o land_n of_o forty_o mark_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la to_o enable_v he_o to_o sit_v as_o a_o commissioner_n within_o this_o statute_n to_o treat_v of_o the_o utter_a barister_fw-mi i_o need_v not_o for_o when_o he_o have_v take_v the_o oath_n mention_v in_o the_o statute_n he_o be_v a_o absolute_a and_o complete_a commissioner_n within_o this_o law_n to_o all_o purpose_n although_o he_o have_v neither_o land_n or_o good_n according_a as_o the_o statute_n appoint_v other_o to_o have_v the_o second_o question_n the_o second_o question_n in_o my_o case_n touch_v this_o statute_n be_v whether_o the_o countess_n of_o warwick_n be_v a_o compatible_a commissioner_n within_o this_o statute_n although_o it_o be_v uncouth_a in_o our_o law_n to_o have_v woman_n justice_n and_o commissioner_n and_o to_o sit_v in_o place_n of_o judicature_n yet_o by_o the_o authority_n ensue_v you_o shall_v find_v this_o a_o point_n worth_n insist_v upon_o both_o in_o humane_a and_o in_o divine_a learning_n for_o in_o genesis_n chapter_n the_o first_o after_o the_o creation_n 1._o