Selected quad for the lemma: land_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
land_n	acre_n	contain_v	perch_n	1,512	5	14.4869	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A68202	The first and second volumes of Chronicles. [vol. 3 (i.e. The Third Volume of Chronicles)] comprising 1 The description and historie of England, 2 The description and historie of Ireland, 3 The description and historie of Scotland: first collected and published by Raphaell Holinshed, William Harrison, and others: now newlie augmented and continued (with manifold matters of singular note and worthie memorie) to the yeare 1586. by Iohn Hooker aliàs Vowell Gent and others. With conuenient tables at the end of these volumes.; Chronicles of England, Scotlande, and Irelande. vol. 3	Holinshed, Raphael, d. 1580?; Stanyhurst, Richard, 1547-1618.; Fleming, Abraham, 1552?-1607.; Stow, John, 1525?-1605.; Thynne, Francis, 1545?-1608.; Hooker, John, 1526?-1601.; Harrison, William, 1534-1593.; Boece, Hector, 1465?-1536.; Giraldus, Cambrensis, 1146?-1223?	1587 (1587)	STC 13569_pt3; ESTC S122178	4,305,113	1,536

Normandie or rather as other write committed to prison where he remained not as a clerke but as a baron of the realme for he was both bishop and earle of Kent The king hauing at length obteined some rest from wars practised by sundrie meanes to inrich his cofers and therefore raised a tribute through out the whole kingdome for the better leuieng whereof he appointed all the subiects of his realme to be numbred all the cities townes villages and hamlets to be registred all the abbies monasteries and priories to be recorded Moreouer he caused a certificat to be taken of euerie mans substance and what he might dispend by the yeare he also caused their names to be written which held knights fees were bound therby to serue him in the wars Likewise he tooke a note of euerie yoke of oxen what number of plow lands and how manie bondmen were within the realme This certificat being made brought vnto him gaue him full vnderstanding what wealth remained among the English people Herevpon he raised his tribute taking six shillings for euerie hide of land through out this realme which amounted to a great masse of monie when it was all brought togither into his Excheker ¶ Here note by the waie that an hide of land conteineth an hundred acres and an acre conteineth fortie perches in length and foure in bredth the length of a perch is sixtéene foot and an halfe so that the common acre should make 240. perches eight hides or 800. acres is a knights fée after the best approued writers and plaine demonstration Those therefore are deceiued that take an hide of land to conteine twentie acres as William Lambert hath well noted in his De priscis Anglorum legibus where he expoundeth the meaning of the old Saxon termes perteining to the lawes But to procéed come a little after the temporals dealing to some of the spirituall affaires It hapned about the same time that when king William had finished the rating of his subiects that there rose a strife betwixt Thurstane abbat of Glastenburie a Norman and the moonkes of that house One cause thereof was for that the abbat would haue compelled them to haue left the plaine song or note for the seruice which pope Gregorie had set foorth and to haue vsed an other kind of tune deuised by one William of Fescampe beside this the said abbat spent and wasted the goods that belonged to the house in riot leacherie and by such other insolent meanes withdrawing also from the moonkes their old accustomed allowance of diet for the which they first fell at altercation in words and afterwards to fighting The abbat got armed men about him and falling vpon the moonkes slue thrée of them at the high altar and wounded xviij Howbeit the moonkes for their parts plaied the pretie men with formes and candelsticks defending themselues as well as they might so that they hurt diuers of the abbats adherents and droue them out of the quier In the end complaint hereof was brought to the king by whose iudgement the matter was so ordered that Thurstane lost his roome and returned vnto Caen in Normandie from whence he came and the moonkes were spred abroad into diuerse houses of religion through the realme Glastenburie being replenished with more quiet persons and such as were supposed readier to praie than to quarell as the other did yet is it said that in the time of William Rufus this Thurstane obteined the rule of that abbeie againe for fiue hundred pounds There be which write that the numbring of men and of places the valuation of goods and substance as well in cattell as readie monie was not taken till about the xix yéere of this kings reigne although the subsidie afore mentioned was gathered about two yeares before of euerie hide of land as yée haue heard and that the certificat hereof being inrolled was put into the kings treasurie at Winchester in the xix yeare of his reigne and not in the xvj But in what yeare soeuer it was and howsoeuer the writers agrée or disagree herein certaine it is that the same was exacted to the great gréefe and impouerishment of the people who sore lamented the miserable estate whereinto they were brought and hated the Normans in their harts to the verie death Howbeit the more they grudged at such tolles tallages customes and other impositions wherewith they were pressed the more they were charged and ouerpressed The Normans on the other side with their king perceiuing the hatred which the English bare them were sore offended and therefore sought by all meanes to kéepe them vnder Such as were called to be iustices were enimies to all iustice whervpon greater burdens were laid vpon the English insomuch line 10 that after they had béene robbed and spoiled of their goods they were also debarred of their accustomed games and pastimes For where naturallie as they doo vnto this daie they tooke great pleasure in hunting of déere both red and fallow in the woods and forrests about without restraint king William seizing the most part of the same forrests into his owne hands appointed a punishment to be executed vpon all such offendors namelie to haue their eies put out And to bring the greater number of men in line 20 danger of those his penall lawes a pestilent policie of a spitefull mind and sauoring altogither of his French slauerie he deuised meanes how to bréed nourish and increase the multitude of déere and also to make roome for them in that part of the realme which lieth betwixt Salisburie and the sea southward he pulled downe townes villages churches other buildings for the space of 30. miles to make thereof a forrest which at this daie is called New forrest line 30 The people as then sore bewailed their distres greatlie lamented that they must thus leaue house home to the vse of sauage beasts Which crueltie not onelie mortall men liuing here on earth but also the earth it selfe might seeme to detest as by a woonderfull signification it séemed to declare by the shaking and roaring of the same which chanced about the 14. yeare of his reigne as writers haue recorded There be that suppose how the king made that part of the realme waste and barren vpon a policie to the intent that if his chance were to be expelled by ciuill line 40 wars he compelled to leaue the land there should be no inhabitants in that part of the I le to resist his arriuall vpon his new returne But to go foorth with our purpose About the same time a rumor was spred in England that Sueine king of Denmarke meant to inuade England with a puissant armie year 1085 hauing the assistance of the earle of Flanders whose daughter he had maried Whervpon king William being then in Normandie reteined a great power of French souldiers both archers

20. Made by Henrie the third 240 a 60. According to the value of their lands 248 a 10. To be made according to their reuenues 254 a 30. Fées how manie in England in king Henrie the third his time 262 a 20. Foure score made at once 263 a 20. Made by the duke of Buckingham at his entrie into France 426 a 30 40 b 30 Made of capteins for good seruice in warre 551 a 40 Knighthood 595 b 50. To valorous gentlemen in seruice of warres 814 b 20. For good militarie seruice 824 b 50 874 a 50 880 b 40. Urged or else to make fine 929 b 40. For seruice doone against the enimie 962 b 40 c. 991 b 40 992 a 20 1216 b 40 1222 a 60 Knolles knight sent with an armie into France 405 a 20. Borne in Cheshire his counsell not followed 405 b 60. The feare that the enimies had of him 406 b 50. His seueritie 445 b 10. Deceaseth remembrances of him 533 b 40 Knolles Francis knight sent ouer to view the state of Newhauen 1202 b 30. His foure sonnes in a triumphant shew 1319 b 60. ¶ Sée Auxerre and Iusts triumphant L. LAborers an act of parlement for the drawing of them in order 835 b 20 Lacie Hugh and of king Henrie the seconds gift vnto him 82 b 30. Slaine in Ireland 109 b 60. His puissance and contempt his diligence to inlarge his possessions in Ireland 110 a 10 Lacie Robert constable of Chester hangeth two for spite 133 b 40 Lacie Roger a Norman 17 a 60 Lacie Walter in armes against the rebels 11 a 50 Lacies constables of Chester by inheritance their estimation and credit 215 b 60 217 a 10 20 c. Erls of Lincolne of whense they had their originall 20 a 30 La●gnie on the riuer of Maine beséeged 608 a 10 Lambe esquier a good common wealths man deceaseth his acts and déeds full of charitie note 1311 a 60 b 10 c 1312 his epitaph 1313 a 40 Lambert earle of Lens 11 b 10 Lambert Simenill ¶ Sée Simenill Lamperdeuaux castell builded 279 b 10. Taken 281 a 10 Lancaster and Yorke house and the vniting of them in one intended 740 b 40. Furthered 741 a 10 c 742 a 10 c 743 a 10 c. Some matter concerning both worthie the reading 761 a 20 30 Lancaster house and how malicious Margaret the duchesse of Burgogne was therevnto 765 b 10. Enuied 776 a 10 Land and how manie acres an hide conteineth 13 b 10 Lands let out for yearelie rent in duke Williams time 8 a 40 Morgaged for monie 17 a 30. Of the church defended and recouered by archbishop Lanfranke note 18 a 60 b 10 Landoise corrupted with rewards betraieth the earle of Richmond into Richard the thirds hands 747 b 10 20 30 40 50 60. His expectation disappointed by the priuie and vnknowne departing of the earle 748 a 60 Lanfranke an Italian the thrée and thirtith archbishop of Canturburie 9 a 20. His authoritie great among all the lords of England 16 a 30. His counsell to William Rufus to winne the nobles fauor 16 a 10. Diligent care for the safetie of William Rufus 17 b 20. In fauor with pope Alexander 9 a 40. Assisteth duke William in armes against the rebelles 9 b 50. Calleth a councell of the clergie 11 b 60. Praised for holding with the moonks 18 b 10. Enuied for his prosperities sake 17 a 10 20. His death 18 a 40 with a description of certeine his qualities and diuerse of his acts and déeds 18 40 a 50 Largesse of William Rufus at his coronation note 16 a 40 Law marshall a burthen intollerable 1052 b 10 Executed 1199 a 50. 566 a 60 1007 a 10 c. ¶ Sée Soldiors Law sal●ke 836 a 60 545 b 40 Law of armes note 669 a 60 577 b 40. Uiolated by the French 1204 b 50. Touching heralds violated 984 a 40 Law of duke William against such as forced anie women 15 b 50 Law to be quite abolished at the rebelles request 432 a 50 Law against buieng and selling on the sundaie 624 a 20 Lawes penall of duke William note 14 a 20. Confessed to be vnequall 8 b 40 note Of S. Edward supposed most equa●l and indifferent 10 a 20. Of William Rufus sharpe rigorous and peremptorie 20 b 10. Of king Henrie the first commanded to be vniuersallie obserued 181 a 30 Lawes written in the Norman toong not vnderstood of the English note void of conscience and equitie 8 b 10. Of England ancient abrogated and established 8 a 60. Remaine in Kent onelie 2 b 30 Lawes and liberties fought for 2 a 10 Lawiers to plead their cases in English c 396 a 20. Broght to blockham feast by the rebelles 430 a 60. Fraudulent punished 950 b 30 Lecture ¶ Sée Surgerie Léeds castell beséeged 327 b 60 And yéelded 328 a 10 Legat Anselme with his authoritie from Rome 39 b 60 Ferentino gathereth much monie in England 170 b 10 Gualos practises to get monie 193 a 20. Iohn de Anagnia from Rome to procure peace betweene kings 113 b 60. Otho cardinall and what dutie he gathered of the clergie 208 a 30. Pandulph ¶ Sée Pandulph note Legat from the pope about reformation a bawdie knaue 42 b 40. With the archbishop of Yorks pall 36 a 50. ¶ Sée archbishop note 29 a 40. A shift by forbearing the name 239 b 50. ¶ Sée Cardinall Legats from Rome to reconcile the bishop of Elie and the archbishop of Rouen 137 a 50 They practise for their owne aduantage 100 b 10. Authorised to celebrate a marriage 98 a 50. Not regarded they excommunicate 37 b 30. From the pope about Beckets death 82 b 50 League betwixt England and Flanders 354 b 30. Concluded 296 b 50. Renewed 160 a 50. Betwéene England and France 897 b 50. Renewed 193 b 60 note 768 b 60 Confirmed 1229 a 40 1238 a 30. Betwéene England and Scotland 1402 b 30. With the Scots and French to annoie the English 296 a 10. Betwéene the emperour and king Henrie the fift 557 b 20 c. Betwéene king Henrie the eight and the emperor 959 b 60. Betwéene king Henrie and the duke of Britaine 568 a 60. Betwéene king Henrie the fift and the duke of Burgogne and how articulated 575 b 30. With king Henrie the third and the Welsh nobilitie vpon certeine articles 226 b 50 c. Secret betwixt the pope and certeine states of Italie 893 a 10 League of peace to breake an euill déed 820 b 60. ¶ Sée Peace and Truce Leicester woone by force 89 a 40. The wals and the castell raced 98 b 20 Leigh knight ¶ Sée Iusts triumphant Leith burned 990 a 30. More riches found there than was looked for in anie towne of Scotland 962 a 30. Entred by the English armie and by them possessed and spoiled note 962 a 30. Assailed on the seuenth of Maie 1191 a 20. The great skirmishes betwéene the English French there in quéene Elisabeths

and successour bicause his daughter the empresse had gréeuouslie displeased him But vnto this mans oth the archbishop and the o●her lords were so hastie in giuing of credit Now 〈◊〉 said Hugh for his periurie by the iust iudgement 〈◊〉 God came shortlie after to a miserable end But to our purpose King Stephan by what title soeuer he obteined the crowne immediatlie after his coronation year 1136 went first to Reading to the buriall of the bodie of his vncle Henrie the same being now brought ouer from Normandie from whence after the buriall he repaired to Oxenford and there calling a councell of the lords other estates of his realme amongst other things he promised before line 10 the whole assemblie to win the harts of the people that he would put downe and quite abolish that tribute which oftentimes was accustomed to be gathered after the rate of their acres of hides of land commonlie called Danegilt which was two shillings of euerie hide of land Also that he would so prouide that no bishops sees nor other benefices should remaine void but immediatlie after vpon their first vacation they should be againe bestowed vpon some conuenient person meet to supplie the roome Further line 20 he promised not to seize vpon any mans woods as forfeit though any priuate man had hunted and killed his déere in the same woods as the maner of his predecessour was ¶ For a kind of forfeiture was deuised by king Henrie that those should lose their right inheritance in their woods that chanced to kill any of the kings déere within the same Moreouer be granted licence to all men to build either castell tower or other hold for defense of themselues vpon their owne grounds Al this did he chieflie line 30 in hope that the same might be a safegard for him in time to come if the empresse should inuade the land as he doubted she shortlie would Moreouer he aduanced manie yoong lustie gentlemen to great liuings For such as were of any noble familie and thereto through a certeine stoutnesse of stomach sought preferment easilie obteined of him the possession of castels and great lordships diuerse of whom he honored with titles of dignitie creating some of them earles and some lords Now such was their line 40 importunate sute in demanding that when he had little more to bestow amongst them hauing alreadie giuen sundrie portions that belonged to the crowne they ceassed not to be in hand with him for more and being denied with reasonable excuses on his behalfe they thought themselues ill dealt withall and so turning from him fortified their castels and holds making open warre against him as hereafter shall appeare There came ouer vnto him also a great number line 50 of Flemings and Britons to serue him as souldiers whom he reteined to be the stronger and better able to defend himselfe against the malice of the empresse by whom he looked to be molested he wist not how soone Wherefore he shewed himselfe verie liberall courteous and gentle towards all maner of persons at the first and to saie truth more liberall familiar and free harted than stood with the maiestie of a king which was afterward a cause that he grew line 60 into contempt ¶ But to such meanes are princes driuen that atteine to their estates more through fauour and support of others than by any good right or title which they may pretend of themselues Thus the gouernement of this prince at the beginning was nothing bitter or heauie to his subiects but full of gentlenesse lenitie courtesie and mildnes Howbeit whilest these things were a dooing certeine of the English Nobilitie abhorring both the king and the present state of his gouernment went priuilie out of the realme into Scotland to king Dauid declaring vnto him what a detestable act was committed by the lords of England in that contrarie to their oth made vnto the empresse Maud and hir issue they had now crowned Stephan Wherefore they besought the said king to take in hand to reuenge such a vile iniurie practised against hir and to restore the kingdome vnto the said empresse which if he did it should be a thing most acceptable both to God and man King Dauid hauing heard and well weied the effect of their request foorthwith was so mooued at their words that in all possible hast he assembled an armie and entring into England first tooke the citie and castell of Carleil afterward comming into Northumberland he tooke Newcastell and manie other places vpon the borders there Whereof king Stephan being aduertised streightwaies assembled a power and foorthwith hasted into Cumberland meaning to recouer that againe by force of armes which the enimie had stolen from him by craft and subtiltie At his approch néere to Carleil he pitched downe his field in the euening thinking there to staie till the morning that he might vnderstand of what power the enimie was whome he knew to be at hand King Dauid also was of a fierce courage and redie inough to haue giuen him battell but yet when he beheld the English standards in the field and diligentlie viewed their order and behauiour he was at the last contented to giue eare to such as intreated for peace on both sides Wherevpon comming to king Stephan he entred a freendlie peace with him wherein he made a surrender of Newcastell with condition that he should reteine Cumberland by the frée grant of king Stephan who hoped thereby to find king Dauid the more faithfull vnto him in time of need but yet he was deceiued as afterwards manifestlie appéered For when king Stephan required of him an oth of allegiance he answered that he was once sworne alreadie vnto Maud the empresse Howbeit to gratifie him he commanded his son Henrie to receiue that oth for the which the king gaue him the earledome of Huntington to hold of him for euer ¶ The Scotish chronicles set out the matter in other order but yet all agrée that Henrie sware fealtie to king Stephan as in the said historie of Scotland you may sée more at large Now after that king Stephan had concluded a peace with king Dauid he returned to London and there kept his Easter with great ioy and triumphes who whilest he was yet in the middest of all his pastime about Rogation wéeke he chanced to fall sicke of a litargie by reason wherof a rumor was spred ouer all the realme that he was dead Which though it was but a vaine tale and of no importance at the first yet was it after the occasion of much euill For vpon that report great sedition was raised by the kings enimies amongst the people the minds of his fréends were alienated from him manie of the Normans which were well practised in periuries treasons thought they might boldlie attempt all mischéefes that came to hand and hervpon some of them vndertooke to defend one place and

naked hauing no time to put on their apparell his treasure horsse armour and standard were taken which standard king Richard straitwaies determined to send vnto saint Edmunds shrine and so did Hauing thus vanquished his aduersaries he came backe to Limezun and the third day after Guie king of Ierusalem and his brother Geffrey de Lucignan with the prince of Antioch Raimond and his sonne named also Raimond earle of Tripoli with other noble men arriued at Limezun aforesaid to visit king Richard and to offer him their seruices and so became his men in swearing fealtie to him against all other persons whatsoeuer The same day the king of Cypres perceiuing himselfe vnable to resist the great puissance of king Richards armie sent ambassadours and offered to king Richard the summe of twentie thousand marks of gold in recompense of the monie which his men that were drowned had about them and also to restore those to libertie which he had taken prisoners and to make deliuerie to their hands of all their goods Furthermore he offered to go with him into the holie land personallie and to serue him with an hundred knights 400 light horssemen and 500 well armed footmen also to deliuer to king Richard his daughter and heire in hostage and to acknowledge him his souereigne lord by swearing to him fealtie for his kingdome as for that which he should confesse to hold of him King Richard accepted these offers and so the king of Cypres came in and sware fealtie to king Richard in presence of the king of Ierusalem the prince of Antioch and other barons and promised line 10 vpon his oth then receiued not to depart till all things couenanted on his part were performed Then king Richard assigned tents for him and his to lodge in and appointed certeine knights and other men of warre to haue the custodie of him But the same day after dinner vpon repentance of that which he had doone he deceiued his keepers and s●ale awaie sending knowledge backe to the king that he would not stand to the couenants which were concluded vpon betwixt them line 20 King Richard seemed to like the matter well inough and foorthwith deliuered a part of his armie vnto the king of Ierusalem and to the prince of Antioch appointing them to pursue the king of Cypres by land whilest he with one part of his gallies and Robert de Turneham with the other might search about the coast by sea to prohibit his passage by water In euerie place where they came such ships and gallies as they found they seized into their hands and no resistance was made against them by reason line 30 the people fled to the woods and mountains leauing the cities townes and castels void in all stéeds where the king or the said sir Robert de Turneham with their vessels began to appéere When they had taken their pleasure thus alongst the coasts they returned againe vnto Limezun The king of Ierusalem and the other that went foorth by land when they could not spéed of their purpose returned also in which meane time a great number of Cypriots came in and submitting themselues to king Richard were line 40 receiued as his subiects On the 12. daie of Maie the ladie Berengaria daughter to the king of Nauarre was maried according to a precontract vnto king Richard at Limezun aforesaid in the I le of Cypres one of the kings chaplins executing the order of the marriage The same daie also she was crowned by the bishop of Eureux the archbishops of Apamea and Aur with the bishop of Baion ministring vnto him After the solemnitie of this marriage and coronation ended line 50 king Richard se● forward with his armie into the countrie of Cypres and first wan by surrender the citie of Nichosia and after the strong castell of Cherin within the which was the daughter of the king of Cypres which ladie humblie yeelded hir selfe vnto K. Richard who counting it reproch to be extreame with such as submit themselues and speciallie the female sex according to the old saieng Parcere subiectis nobilis s●it ira leonis had pitie of hir case and sent hir to his wife the new line 60 quéene willing that she might be honorablie vsed From thence passing forward these castels were deliuered into his hands Baffes and Buffenent Den Amur Candace and afterwards all the other cast●ls and cities townes and places of strength within that I le one after an other Finallie hearing that the king of Cypres was inclosed in an abbeie called Cap S. Andrew he marched thitherwards but when the king of Cypres heard of his approch he came foorth and submitted himselfe wholie into his hands The king first appointed him to the kéeping of his chamberlaine Rafe Fitz Geffrey and after sent him vnto the citie of Tripoli there to be kept in close prison Who when he heard he should be committed to close prison and remaine in fetters said that if he laie in irons he should shortlie end his life Wherevnto king Richard when he heard of it answered He saith well and therefore bicause he is a noble man and our mind is not to haue him dead but onelie to be kept safe from starting anie more awaie and dooing new hurt let him be chamed in giues and fetters made of siluer and so he was But to procéed After the king had set the countrie of Cypres in good staie he deliuered the keeping thereof vnto Richard de Camuille and Robert de Turneham This doone vpon the wednesdaie in the Whitsunwéeke he tooke the sea againe and passed ouer to the citie of Acres which as then was besieged by the christian armie as ye may read in the description of the holie land onelie giuing you to vnderstand that such was the valiancie of king Richard shewed in manfull constreining of the citie that his praise was greatlie bruted both amongst the christians and also the Saracens Howbeit the secret enimitie betwixt him and the French king estsoones reuiued by occasion of such discord as chanced betwixt Guido king of Ierusalem and Conrade the marques of Tire so that parties were taken and whereas both the Pisans and Geneuois did offer their seruice vnto king Richard yet bicause the Geneuois were confederat with the French king who tooke part with the marques he refused them and receiued the Pisans ioining himselfe with king Guido to support him against his enimies Here is to be remembred that before king Richard arriued at the siege he incountred on the sea a mightie great ship called a Drommond which one Saphaldine the brother of Saladine a prince of the Saracens had sent to refresh them with vittels This ship king Richard caused féercelie to be assailed with his gallies and at length bowged hir with all the vittels and prouision within the same as wild-fire barels of firie serpents armour and weapons of sundrie sorts besides all the mariners and men

an abstinence of warre to indure from the feast of S. Hilarie for one whole yere purposing in the meane time to make a finall peace and agréement In which season Baldwine earle of Flanders came into England to doo his deuotions vnto the shrine where Thomas the archbishop laie buried at Canturburie The same yeare also some what before this time Rise ap Griffin king of Wales departed this life after whose death there fell discord betwixt his sonnes for the succession till the archbishop Hubert went to the marshes of that countrie and made an agréement betwixt them Not long after Roger the brother of Robert earle of Leicester elected bishop of saint Andrews in Scotland receiued the order of priesthood and was consecrated bishop by the hands of the bishop of Aberdine This yeare it was ordeined that measures of all manner of graine should conteine one quantitie throughout the realme that is to saie one resonable horsselode and that the measures of wine and ale with all maner of liquors should be of one iust quantie according to the diuersitie of the liquor also that weights should be of like rate throughout the relme and that cloth should conteine two yards in breadth within the lists of perfect goodnesse throughout as well in the middest as by the sides and that one manner of yard should be vsed through the relme It was also ordeined that no merchants within the realme should hang any red or blacke clothes before their windowes nor set vp any pentises or other thing whereby to darken the light from those that come to buy their cloth so as they might be deceiued in choosing thereof Also it was enacted that there should be foure or six substantiall honest men chosen in euerie towne and likewise in shires with the head officers of cities and boroughes which had a corporation to see that the assises aforesaid were truelie kept and that if any were found to be offending in the premisses to cause their bodies to be attached and committed to prison and their goods to be seized to the kings vse and if those that were chosen to haue regard thereto were tried to be negligent so that by others and not by them any offendors chanced to be conuicted before the iustices then should the regarders be put to their fines for the negligent looking to their offices King Richard held his Christmasse this yeare at Roan and Hubert the archbishop of Canturburie legat of the apostolike sée year 1198 named lord chéfe iustice of England was about the same time in the marshes of Wales at Hereford and there receiued into his hands the castels of Hereford Bridgenorth and Ludlow remoouing those that had the same in kéeping and appointing others in their roomes Afterwards comming by Couentrie he placed the moonks againe in the cathedrall church of that citie by commandement of pope Celestine and chased out the secular canons which the bishop Hugh Nouant had brought into the same church when he remooued the moonks In the Christmasse wéeke also there came messengers to Rouen from the archbishops of Cullen and Mentz and from other states of the empire which declared vnto king Richard that all the princes of Germanie were appointed to assemble at Cullen the two twentith of Februarie about the choosing of a new emperour in place of the late deceassed Henrie and therefore they commanded him by force of the oth and league in which he was bound to the emperour and empire that all excuse of deniall or occasions to the contrarie ceasing and set apart he should make his repaire vnto Cullen at the aforesaid day to helpe them in choosing of some worthie personage that might and was able to haue the empire King Richard doubting to put himselfe in danger bicause he had not discharged all the debts due for his ransome staied at home but yet he sent diuerse noble men thither and did so much in fauour of his nephue Otho that by the helpe of the foresaid two archbishops of Cullen and Mentz the same Otho was elected emperour But of this matter more shall be said hereafter Moreouer about the same time king Richard required by the archbishop of Canturburie his chéefe iustice an aid of 300 knights to be found by his subiects of England to remaine with him in his seruice for one whole yeare or else that they would giue him so much monie as might serue to reteine that number after the rate of thrée shillings a daie of English monie for euerie knight Whereas all other were contented to be contributors herein onelie Hugh line 10 bishop of Lincolne refused and spake sore against the archbishop that moued the matter But how soeuer that request tooke place king Richard as we find leuied this yeare a subsidie of fiue shillings of euerie hide of land within the realme two commissioners that is to say one of the spiritualtie a knight of the temporaltie being appointed as commissioners in euerie shire with the assistance of the shiriffe and others to see the same assessed rated after an hundred acres of land to the hide of land according line 20 to the custome The same yeare also the moonks of the house of the holie Trinitie otherwise called Christes church in Canturburie exhibited their complaint vnto pope Innocent that their archbishop Hubert contrarie to his order and dignitie exercised the office of high iustice and sate in iudgement of bloud being so incumbred in temporall matters that he could not haue time to discharge his office touching spirituall causes wherevpon the pope sent vnto king Richard line 30 admonishing him not to suffer the said archbishop to be any longer troubled with temporall affaires but to discharge him thereof and not to admit any spirituall person from thencefoorth vnto any temporall administration He further prohibited by vertue of their obedience all manner of prelats and men of the church that they should not presume rashlie to take vpon them any maner of secular function or office Whervpon the archbishop was discharged of his office of line 40 chéefe iustice and Geffrey Fitz Peter succeeded in gouernement of the realme in his steed ¶ Geruasius Dorobernensis saith that the archbishop resigned that office of his owne accord and that not till after his returne from the marshes of Wales where he had ouerthrowne the Welshmen and slaine fiue thousand of them Which victorie other ascribe vnto Geffrey Fitz Peter which Geffrey as the said Dorobernensis saith succeeded the archbishop in the office of lord cheefe iustice but not vntill August in the line 50 tenth yeare of the kings reigne In this yeare immediatlie vpon the expiring of the truce which was taken till haruest might be ended the warre betwixt the two kings of England France began eftsoones to be pursued with like earnestnesse as before wherevpon manie encounters chanced betwixt the parties with taking of townes and fortresses as commonlie in such cases

for the cheapnesse supposed though in déed the contrarie fell out in demand partlie for the expedition promised which could neuer haue béene performed partlie for that he was knowne to be a speciall executioner in Woolwich breaches being workes defensatiue against inuasion of waters as yet vnaccomplished though no small charges haue béene therein imploied for the recouerie of two thousand acres of excellent marsh land lieng seuen miles from London in the parishes of Plumsted Erith c lost by a breach made in the wals there with a tempest about the yeare of our Lord one thousand fiue hundred and thirtie to the vndooing of manie but speciallie of sir Edward Boulton knight partlie also he was hearkened vnto for that he was reputed to be a good enginor partlie for his experience in forren works partlie for his resolutenesse but especiallie for that he made a shew of more cunning than he would vtter so as although his deuise for the erection of the wals was finallie reiected yet was the matter brought to further conference For he was commended to the lords of hir maiesties priuie councell and namelie to sir Francis Walsingham knight principall secretarie to hir highnesse to whome was happilie referred the consideration and chiefe direction of all matters concerning these works wherin he dealt from time to time with as great care trauell and circumspection as though his owne estate had depended vpon the well proceeding thereof Whatsoeuer was thought necessarie to be doone thereabouts was alwaies aduertised by the commissioners vnto him and his opinion and direction required and he without good conference and probabilitie would enter into no action concerning this matter Now therefore he wrote to sir Thomas Scot requiring him to send vp some sufficient person acquainted exercised in Romneie marsh works to satisfie the lords of the councell in all such doubts as should be obiected speciallie by maister Burroughs who had more liking of the shipwrights maner of worke than either of the Romneie marsh works exhibited by sir Thomas Scot or of Plumsted works propounded by Ferdinando Poins Wherein sir Francis Walsingham shewed maister Digs his defense his owne good liking of the earthen wals onelie requiring that sir Thomas Scot would throughlie informe himselfe by conference with the marshmen to answer certeine obiections which he there inclosed sent downe vnto him in writing concerning the passage of the long wall and the distance thereof from the shore the hig●h and tightnes of the same the conueniencie of the foundation the manner of stuffe the time of finishing the breadth below and at the top the vndertakers thereof and of their assurance c and lastlie that some sufficient person should be sent vp to confer in these matters All which points were so answered by sir Thomas Scot as sir Francis Walsingham was greatlie satisfied thereby Concerning the dooing thereof by great sir Thomas Scots aduise was that séeing it was a princes charge it might rather be performed by daie workers and good ouerséers than by great wherein no man would aduenture in respect of the quantitie of the charge and difficultie of the works without certeintie of great gaines Neuerthelesse if it were so set downe by the lords of the priuie councell that it should be doone no other waie but by great he himselfe would vndertake it better cheape than anie other had profered to doo it by fiue hundred marks and to that effect would put in verie good and sufficient assurance Presentlie after the receipt of those letters sir Thomas Scot sent to the court a kinsman of his named Reinold Scot who had béene deputed a surueior of Romneie marsh by the space of foure yeares togither and Reinold Smith who had béene clearke of Romneie marsh and a continuall dealer about those wals by the space of thirtie years These two repairing first to Douer to consider of the earth which should serue to make the wals of the line 10 pent of Douer hauen and to search where such earth as would serue that turne might most conuenientlie and néerest hand be had with pasture for horsses which should be imploied for carriage thereof procéeded to the court at Richmont where they attended on maister secretarie Walsingham on the mondaie and tuesdaie before Easter daie 1583 and after conference had with him they deliuered vnto him certeine notes in writing from sir Thomas Scot conteining necessarie orders and recounting line 20 the charges businesse and offices c incident to the erection of these walles imitating as neere as time place and matter would giue leaue the maner of Romneie marsh works wherein he remembred or rather required a yeerelie assemblie of commissioners at Douer in Easter wéeke as is by the lords of Romneie marsh at Whitsuntide with the election of officers and set downe the dutie and charge of ech officer the order of the works what prouision of stuffe should be made to wit of timber thorne faggots néedels keies béetels piles pasture earth line 30 with totall sums of all officers fées of all stuffe and prouision of all the labourers and of all the cariages which estimat was little or nothing differing from the charge as it fell out sauing that where he set it downe that both walles might be finished in two summers he accomplished them in one quarter of a yéere beyond promise or expectation Maister secretarie Walsingham hauing perused these notes seene the maner of the works rates set downe therein liked verie well thereof howbe line 40 it he strictlie examined the parties aforesaid how those works could be performed at so low prices and especiallie how so manie courts could be prouided without commission or griefe to the countrie euerie court hauing a horsse and a driuer and all for twelue pence a day in a place where pastures are for the most part barre● and hard to be gotten and both that and all other things but especiallie vittels extreame déere But being satisfied herein by the said Reinold Scot Reinold Smith he thought line 50 good neuerthelesse to send them two accompanied with Thomas Digs esquier and William Burroughs gentleman to confer with sir William Winter the said Ferdinando Poins the Plumsted men which were workemen in Woolwich and Erith breaches who propounded to the said workemen certeine questions at the house of sir William Winter at Tower hill Wherein they were demanded amongst other things whether they euer had heretofore made anie wals whereby water line 60 hath beene pent to anie highth and vpon what foundation or soile they were set and of what substance their wals were made and whether they could remedie such wals if they leaked or could worke in water and finallie what they would aske for a rod dooing and what suerties they could put in for the tightnesse of their worke Ferdinando Poins and his Plumsted men answered verie comfortablie to euerie question they séemed ignorant in nothing and promised to performe

Stephan de Longchamp Seguin de Barret Roger de Glanuille Raimond Fitz Prince Bartholomew de Mortimer Gerard Furniuall Rafe de Malleon Roger de Sa●ie William de Poole Hugh de Neuill Henrie Teutch or if ye will Teutonicus the kings standardbearer with diuerse others as well Englishmen Frenchmen Normans Poictouins Aniouines Britans Gascoignes as other nations of whome partlie mention is alreadie made before in this booke and partlie for breefenesse diuerse are omitted But now to returne sure it is that king Richard meant to haue recouered the citie of Ierusalem and all the holie land out of the Saracens hands by the assistance of almightie God if the doubt which he had of his brother the earle of Mortaigns practises the French kings dooings which were brought to him with a greeuous report had not reuoked him home For diuerse messengers were sent dailie into the holie land to aduertise him of such dangers as were like to insue if by his speedie returne the same were not preuented And first after Easter there came to him the prior of Hereford with letters from the bishop of Elie conteining a sore information against his brother earle Iohn for hauing expelled those whom he had appointed rulers ouer the realme of England and altered the state of things there contrarie to the ordinances by him deuised afore his setting forward vpon his iournie as before ye haue partlie heard Upon receipt of which letters he meant inmediatlie at the first to haue returned and to haue left behind him a conuenient power of men to wit thrée hundred knights or men of armes and two thousand chosen footmen to abide vpon the defense of the holie land with other christians at his costs and charges But yet at length he was persuaded to tarrie speciallie till things were set in some better state which then were out of order by the death of the marques of Montferrato lord of Tire whom two traitorous Saracens of the kind which they name Assassini had murthered After whose death Henrie earle of Champaigne nephue to king Richard married his wife and was made king of Ierusalem Guido resigning to him his title vnto whome as it were in recompense king Richard gaue the I le of Cypres although some write that the knights Templers had bought it of him before Thus king Richard remaining still in the holie land shortlie after Whitsuntide there came an other messenger to him one Iohn de Alanzon a clearke bringing worsse newes out of England than the prior of Hereford had brought before which in effect conteined that his brother earle Iohn was alied as a confederat with the French king and meant through his setting on to seize into his possession the whole realme of England notwithstanding the persuasion of his mother quéene Eli●nor and other his fréends to the contrarie Herevpon king Richard was fullie persuaded to returne home but yet through the admonition of certeine persons and namelie of one William d● Poicters a chapleine of his he estsoones altered his purpose and so remained there till at length through enuie and malice still increasing amongst the c●ristians he perceiued how no good purpose could go forward since that which séemed good to some was misliked of other and speciallie our writers put great blame in the French men who either vpon disdaine or other displeasure would not be persuaded to follow their aduise which were knowne b●st to vnderstand the state of things in those parties And herevpon when the armie was aduanced to Betenoble a place not past foure leagues distant from Ierusalem bicause their mind might not be fulfilled for the besieging of Ierusalem which they had intended to take in hand whereas the residue would rather that they shuld haue gone to besiege Babylon in Aegypt and that vpon sundrie great respects the Frenchmen raised their field and returned againe to Acres in great despite putting the rest of the armie also so much as in them laie in danger of vtter ruine and distresse line 10 Then king Richard and the other christian capteins perceiuing how the matter inclined and giuing ouer all hope of any more good successe followed them So that after they were thus returned to Acres king Richard still doubting least his long absence from home might put him in danger of more losse here than he saw hope of present gaine to be had there in such diuersitie of humours and priuie malice which reigned among them he determined fullie to depart homewards with no lesse purpose to line 20 returne thither againe after he had setled things at home in such sure stay as was expedient for the suertie of his owne estate and quietnesse of his people Herevpon being readie to enter into his ships at Acres or as some haue being on his iournie homewards in Cypres he was aduertised that the Souldane Saladine had taken the towne of Iaph slaine a great number of the christians within it and besieged the residue within the castell the which constreined through feare had compounded to yéeld if within line 30 thrée daies there came no succour King Richard being hereof aduertised and turning gréef into valiancie with all spéed sailed backe vnto Iaph and landing there with his people caused his enimies to forsake the towne but anon assembling themselues againe togither they turned once more to besiege it wherevpon he issued foorth into the fields and fought with them sundrie daies togither till finallie they were content to forsake their enterprise and to depart thence for altogither In these line 40 conflicts the valiant courage of king Richard and the worthie manhood of his souldiers right well appeared for he brought not with him at that time vnto Iaph aboue 80 men of armes and foure hundred other souldiers with crossebowes and yet with that small handfull of men and some aid of them that he found there in the castell he did not onelie bid battell to the enimies which were numbred to 62 thousand but also put them to the woorsse and caused them to flee backe to their great shame and confusion line 50 Thus Iaph being deliuered out of the enimies hands king Richard fell sicke at a castell called Cephas and so remained there certeine daies till he had recouered his health In which meane time the Soldane Saladine seeming to lament his ●ase sent vnto him certeine of his councellors to common with him of peace declaring that although he well vnderstood that king Richard ment shortlie to returne into his countrie and that after his departure out of the east parts he could with small adoo recouer line 60 all that the christians yet held within the holie land he would neuerthelesse in respect of king Richards high prowes and noble valiancie grant a peace for a certeine time so that not onelie Ascalon but also all other such townes and places as the christians had fortified or woone since the conquest of Acres should be raced as touching

their walles bulworks gates and other fortifications King Richard though he perceiued that this offer of peace tended vnto this point cheefelie that Saladine would thereby adnihilate whatsoeuer the christian armie had doone in the holie land since his the French kings arriuall so that by the said peace he should gaine more than by the edge of his sword did somewhat staie at this offer and demand as a thing greatlie dishonourable to the christians to lose by treatie of peace so much or rather more than they got by force of warres a meere token of faint and féeble courage yet considering that in such necessitie both of his departure from thence and also of lacke of other succors to resist the puissance of the enimies after his comming awaie he iudged it best to take the offer at the enimies hands in auoiding of some greater euill Herevpon therefore was a peace concluded to endure for thrée yeares thrée moneths thrée wéeks thrée daies and three houres to begin at Easter next insuing And among other articles it was couenanted that the christians should haue frée passage to come and go vnto the citie of Ierusalem to visit the holie sepulchre there which was granted so that amongst a great number of christians that presentlie vpon this conclusion went thither Hubert bishop of Salisburie was one who had continued about the king during the time of all his iournie till this time King Richard hauing thus concluded with Saladine tooke the sea and comming againe into Cypres sent his wife queene Berengaria with his sister Ioane late quéene of Sicile into England by the long seas but he himselfe not minding to lie long on the seas determined to take his course into Grecia and so by land to passe homewards with all speed possible Howbeit yer he could atteine his purpose his chance was to be driuen by tempest into the coast of Istria not farre from Aquilia where he stood in some doubt of his life For if he had beene knowne and taken they would surelie haue killed him bicause of the slander that went of him as guiltie of the death of Conrade the marquesse of Montferrato who indéed was slaine by two of the Assassini in the citie of Tyrus whilest king Richard was in the holie land as before yée haue heard He therefore hauing here made shipwracke and doubting to fall into the hands of any person in those parts that bare good will vnto the marquesse against whome he had indéed shewed himselfe not freendlie in a quarrell betwixt the said marquesse and Guido the king of Ierusalem made the best shift he could to get away yet knowledge being had of him and serch made after him by one Meinard of Gorezein he lost eight of his seruants and so came to a towne within the bishoprike of Saltzburge called Frisake where he was estsoones in danger to haue beene taken againe by one Frederike de saint Soome who notwithstanding tooke six of his men but yet he himselfe with three other of his companie made shif● to get away Finallie comming to Uienna in Austrich and there causing his seruants to prouide meat for him more sumptuous and fine than was thought requisit for so meane a person as he counterfeited then to beare out in countenance it was streightwaies suspected that he was some other maner of man than he pretended and in fine those that marked more diligentlie the maner of him perceiued what he was and gaue knowledge to the duke of Austrich named Leopold being then in the citie of Uienna what they had seene His page that had the Dutch toong going about the towne to change gold and buy vittels bewraied him hauing by chance the kings gloues vnder his girdle wherevpon comming to be examined for feare of tortures confessed the truth The duke streightwaies caused the house where he was lodged to be set about with armed men and sent other into the house to apprehend him He being warie that he was descried got him to his weapon but they aduising him to be contented and alledging the dukes commandement he boldlie answered that sith he must be taken he being a king would yéeld himselfe to none of the companie but to the duke alone and therefore if it would please him to come he would yéeld himselfe into his hands The duke hearing of this spéedilie came vnto him whom he meeting deliuered vp his sword and committed him vnto his custodie The duke reioising of such a preie brought him vnto his palace and with gentle words enterteined him though he meant no great good towards him as well inough appeared in that he committed him to the keeping of certeine gentlemen which without much courtesie looked streightlie inough line 10 to him for starting awaie in somuch that they kept him in cold irons as some authours doo write He was taken after the maner aforesaid in December vpon S. Thomas éeue in the yéere of our Lord 1192. and in the fourth yeare of his reigne The duke of Austrich owght the king no good will bicause he had cast downe his ensignes pitcht vp in a turret at Acres which he had woone at the verie time when that citie was deliuered by the Saracens for while they were in tretie on the one side the line 20 duke on the other not knowing anie thing thereof gaue the assault vnto that part of the towne which was appointed vnto him to besiege And so being entred the towne and perceiuing that by treatie it was to be deliuered he retired into the turret which he had first woone and entred and there set vp his standard and ensignes which king Richard as the Dutch writers affirme comming thither threw downe and trode vnder his féet But Geruasius Dorobornensis declareth this matter line 30 somewhat otherwise as thus After that the said citie of Acres was rendred into the christian mens hands saith he diuerse lords tooke their lodgings as they thought good and hanged foorth their ensignes And as it chanced the duke of Austrich placing himselfe in one of the fairest palaces of all the citie put foorth his ensigne whereof king Richard being warie came thither with a companie of hardie souldiers about him and threw downe the dukes ensigne so displacing him out of that so pleasant and beautifull line 40 a lodging For this cause and also surmizing that king Richard should be guiltie of the death of the marques Conrade the duke of Austrich shewed such discourtesie towards him But concerning the mutther of the marques the chéefe gouernour of those Saracens called Assassini cleared king Richard by a letter written and directed vnto the duke of Austrich in manner as followeth A letter directed to the duke of Austrich wherein king Richard is cleared of the death of the marquesse of Mountserrat whereof he was vehementlie suspected LVpoldo duci Austriae Vetus de Monte salutem Cùm plurimi reges principes