the trauel of those that wente too and fro betwixte the Bishop and the kinnesfolkes of Liulfe a daye was appoynted on the which the Bishop should come to a farther communication with them at Gates head Thus may wee see what followed of the neglecting of iustice in the Byshoppe for if he hadde eyther banished Gilbert and other hys complices in the murther accordingly as hee pretended to doe or otherwise haue seene due punishmente executed agaynste them the peoples rage had neuer proceeded so farre as it dyd for they coulde not perswade themselues to thynke but that the Bishoppe was giltie and priuie to Liulfes death sith he hadde receyued the murtherers into hys house the same nyghte in whiche the facte was done and kepte them still about hym whyche hys â—…earing with them cost hym hys owne lyfe as before yee haue hearde whereby it appeareth that it is not inough for a gouernoure to bee cleere from the knowledge of euill before the factâ—… and at the tyme in which it is done by others if hee see not them that do it duly punished for their offences bycause that when iustice is suppressed and hathe not hir due course those that susteine iniurie are euer desirous of reuenge beeing ready to attempte it by vnlawfull meanes of themselues in priuate sorte when through lacke of ordinarie course of lawes they are debarred from it But nowe to the purpose of the Historie When Bishoppe Odo was come into those partice to reuenge the Bishops death with an army as we haue sayde hee sore afflicted the countrey by spoyling it on euery side with great crueltie Heere yee shall vnderstand that King William placed and eftsoones remoued dyuers Rulers ouer the Northumbers for firste hee appointed one Copsius to haue the rule of that countrey in place of Markar that before had helde the same Sim. Dunel This Copsie expulsed Osulfe the sonne of Earle Edulfe that was brother to Earle Aldred whiche Osulfe was substitute vnto the Earles Edwyne and Morkar who although hee was dryuen out of hys gouernamente by Copsi yet recouering his forces againe hee slewe the same Copsie as hee entred into the Churche of Newburne but within a fewe monethes after the same Osulfe as hee ranne with hys Horse againste a Theefe hee was thrust through the body with a Speare whyche the Theefe helde in his hande and so dyed Then Gospatrike that was sonne to Aldgitha the daughter of Vthred sometyme Earle of Northumberlandâ—… was assigned by Kyng William the Conquerour to haue the gouernemente there Hys mother Aldgitha was daughter to Vthred sometyme Earle of Northumberlande begote vpon Elfgina the daughter of Kyng Egelred Some write that Gospatricke purchased the Earledome of Kyng William and so helde it for a tyme till the same Kyng tooke it from him agayne and then gaue it vnto Earle Walteife or Waldeue and then nexte after hym the foresayde Bishoppe of Durham Walcher hadde the whole administration committed to hym but after hys decesse hee beeyng slayne as yee haue hearde one Albericke ruled that countrey and lastly Roberte Mulbray a ryghte noble personage and for hys wisedome and valiauncie highly renowmed with all men was created Earle of Northumberlande and gouerned the people of those parties in suche politique and wise order The foundation of Vniuersitie colledge in Oxforde An. Reg. 15. 1081 that during hys tyme it is hard to say whether hys quietnesse or the obedieÌ„ce of hys people was lykely to be the greater In like manner after the foresayde Walcher one William was created Bishop of Durham who was the originall founder of the Vniuersitie Colledge in Oxford and by whose asistance the Monkes gaping both for riches ease and possessions founde the meanes to displace the secular Priestes of the Colledge of Durham An. Reg. 16. 1082 that they mighte get into theyr roomes as they did indeede soone after to thiâ—…e greate lucre and aduantage But to returne againe to the course of the historie Shortly after the reuenge of the deathe of Walcher the Bishop of Durham the forenamed Bishop Odo the Kyngs brother was suspected of some vntroth and sinister dealing and therevpon was sent as a banished man into NormaÌ„dy or rather as other write committed to prison An. Reg. 17. 1083 where hee remayned not as a Clearke but as a Baron of the Realme for he was both Bishoppe and Earle of Kente The Kyng hauyng at length obteyned some rest from warres dothe practise by sundry meanes howe to enriche hys coffers and therefore hee raysed a tribute thorough out all the Kyngdome for the better leuying whereof hee appoynted all the subiectes of hys Realme to be numbred also all the Cities and Townes Villages and Hamlets Abbeys Monasteries Priories to bee registred Moreouer hee caused a certificate to be made of euery mannes substaunce and what hee myghte dispende by yeare and caused theyr names to bee written whyche helde Knyghtes fees and were bounde thereby to serue hym in the warres Likewise hee tooke the tale of euery yoke of Oxen and what number of plough landes and how many bondmen were within the Realme whereby the certificate thereof beeyng once made and broughte vnto him hee came to full vnderstandyng what wealthe yet remayned among the Englishmenne and therefore hee raysed hys tribute so muche the more Plow lande taking sixe Shillings for euery hyde of land through out his Realme whyche amounted to an inestimable summe when it was all broughte togither into his Exchequer Heere note by the way Geruasius Tilberensis The true definition of a hide of lande that an hyde of lande includeth an hundred acres and an acre conteyneth fortie perches in length and foure in bredth the length of a pearch conteyning sixteene foote and an halfe so that the common acre shoulde conteyne .240 perches and eyght hydes or .800 acres is a Knyghts fee after the best approoued Writers and playne demonstration Those are therefore deceyued that take an hyde of lande to conteine twentie acres as William Lambert hath well noted in his treatise de priscis Anglorum legibus where hee expoundeth the meaning of the olde Saxon tearmes perteyning to the lawes but to proceede and come alittle after temporals dealing to some of the spirituall affayres It hapned about the same time y t K. WilliaÌ„ had finished y e rating of his subiects that theâ—… râ—…se a strife betwixt Thurstan Abbot of Glastenburie a Norman and the Monkes of that house Regni 18. 1084 VVil. Mal. Simon Dun. Thurstan Abbot of Glastenburie William of Festampe 〈◊〉 thereof was for that the Abbot woulde haue compelled them to haue left the plaine song or note for the seruice which Pope Gregorie had set forth and to haue vsed an other kinde of 〈◊〉 deuised by 〈◊〉 William of Fescampe 〈…〉 this the saydâ—… Abbot spent and wasted the goodes that belonged to the house in ryot lecherie and by such other insolent meanes withdrawing also from the Monkes their olde 〈…〉
Pennar point where we make our entrance into the Falamouth hauen whose description I borowe of Leland and worde for worde will here insert the same Fala The very point saith he of the haueÌ„ mouth being an hill whereon the Kyng hath buylded a castell is called Pendinant It is about a myle in compasse almost enuironned with the sea and where the sea couereth not the ground is so low that it were a small mastry to make Pendinant an Iland Furthermore there lieth a cape or foreland within the haueÌ„ a myle and an halfe and betwixt this and M. Killigrewes house one great arme of the hauen ruÌ„neth vp to Penrine towne which is 3. miles from the very entry of Falemouth hauen and two good myles from Penfusis Moreouer there is Leuine Prisâ—…lo betwixte S. Budocus and Pendinas Leume which were a good hauen but for the barre of sande but to procéede The first creke or arme that casteth on the Northwest side of Falemouth hauen goeth vp to Perin and at th ende it breaketh into two armes whereof the lesse runneth to Glasenith 1. viridis indê° y e grene nest or wagmeer at Penrin the other to saint Glunias the parishe Church of Penrine In like sorte out of eche side of Penrine creke breaketh an arme or euer it come to Penrine This I vnderstande also that stakes and foundations of stone haue béene set in the creke at Penrine a litle lower then the wharfe where it breaketh into armes but howsoeuer this standeth betwixte the point of Trefusis and the point of Restronget is Milâ—…r creke Milor which goeth vp a myle into the land and by the churche is a good rode for shippes The nexte creke beyonde the point of Restronget wood is called Restronget which goyng two myles vp into the maine breaketh into two armes Restronget In lyke order betwixte Restronget and the creke of Trury be two crekes one called S. Feokes S. 〈◊〉 S. 〈◊〉 Trury creke the other Sainct Caie nexte vnto which is Trury creke that goeth vp about two myles crekyng from the principall streame breaketh within half a myle of Trury casting in a braunche Westward euen harde by Newham wood This creke of Trury is deuided into two partes before the towne of Trury and eche of them hauing a brooke comming downe and a bridge the towne of Trury standeth betwixte them both In like sorte Kenwen streate is seuered froÌ„ the said towne with this arme and Clements stréete by east with the other Out of the body also of Trury creke breaketh another eastwarde a myle from Trury and goeth vp a myle and an halfe to Tresilian bridge of stone At the very entry and mouth of this creke is a rode of shippes called Maples rode and here faught not long since 18. shippes of Spanishe marchauntes with 4. shippes of warre of Depe but the Spanierdes draue the Frenchemen all into this harborowe A myle and an halfe aboue the mouth of Trury creke Morâ—â— is another named Lhan Moran of S. Morans church at haÌ„d This creke goeth vp a quarter of a mile from the maine streame into the hauen as the maine streame goeth vp two myles aboue Moran creke ebbing and flowing and a quarter of a myle higher is the towne of Tregowy where we found a bridge of stone vpon the Fala ryuer Fala it selfe riseth a myle or more west of Roche hyll goeth by Graund pount where I sawe a bridge of stone This Graund pount is four miles froÌ„ Roche hill and two litle myles from Tregowy betwixt which the Fala taketh his course FroÌ„ Tregowy to passe downe by the body of the hauen of Falamouth to the mouth of Lany horne pill or creke on the south side of the hauen is a myle and as I remember it goeth vp halfe a myle from the principall streame of the hauen From Lanyhorne pill also is a place or point of sande about a myle way of 40. acres or thereabout as a Peninsula called Ardeue rauter As for the water or creke that ruÌ„neth into the south southeast part it is but a little thing of halfe a myle vp into the land and the creke that hemmeth in this Peninsula of both doth séeme to be the greater From the mouth of the West creke of this Peninsula to S. Iustes creke is foure miles or more S. 〈◊〉 S. 〈◊〉 In like maner from S. Iustes pill or creke for both signifie one thing to Sainct Mawes creke is a myle and a halfe and the point betwéen them both is called Pendinas The creke of Saint Mawes goeth vp a two myles by east northeast into the land and besides that it eddeth and â—â—oweth so far there is a mylle driuen with a freshe creke that resorteth to the same Halfe a mile from the head of this downewarde to the hauen is a creke in manner of a poole whereon is a myll also that grindeth with the tyde And a myle beneath that on the south side entreth a creke about halfe a myle into the countrey which is barred from the maine sea by a small sandye banke and another myle yet lower is a another litle crekelet but howe soeuer these crekes doe runne certaine it is that y e bankes of them that belong to Fala are marueilously well woodded and hitherto Leland whose wordes I dare not alter for feare of corruption and alteration of his iudgement Being past Falmouth hauen therfore as it were a quarter of a myle beyonde Arwennach Master Killegrewes place which standeth on the brimme or shore within Falmouth we came to a litle hauen which ranne vp betwéene two hilles but it was barred wherefore we could not learne whether it were serued with any backe freshe water or not From hence we went by Polwitherall creke parted into two armes then to y e Polpenrith wherevnto a reueret falleth that riseth not farre from theÌ„ce â—…witheâ—… â—…penâ—… and so goeth to the maine streame of y e hauen at the last whether the creke resorteth about thrée myles and more from the mouth of the hauen 〈…〉 â—…gun â—…kestel â—…oâ—…s â—…ylow â—â—ng and into which the water that goeth vnder Gare and Mogun bridges doe fall in one botome as Lelande hath reported Vnto this hauen also repayreth the Penkestell the Callous y e Cheilow the Gilling although this latter lyeth against Saint Mawnons on the hether side hard without the hauen mouth if I haue done aright For so motheateÌ„ mouldye and rotten are those bookes of Leland which I haue and beside that his annotatioÌ„s are such and so confounded as no man can in maner picke out any sence from them by a leafe together wherfore I thinke that he dispersed made his notes intricate of set purpose or else he was loth that any man should easily come by that knowledge by readyng which he with his great charge and no lesse traueile attained vnto by experience â—…le Lopole is two myles in length and betwixt
lande meddowes we haue not often aboue one good loade of haye in an acre of ground in lowe meaddowes we haue sometimes thrée but commonly aboue twoo as experience hath oft confirmed 〈◊〉 The yéelde of our corne grounde is also much after thys rate following thorowe out the lande if you please to make an estimate thereof by the acre in common and in dyfferent yeares wherin eche acre of Whete well tilled and dressed will yéeld commonly twentie bushelles an acre of Barlie 32. bushels of Otes and such lyke fiue quarters which proportion is notwythstanding oft abated towarde the north as it is often surmounted in the south Of mixed corne as peason and beanes soweÌ„ togither Tares Otes which they call buâ—mong Rie and Wheate here is no place to speake yet theyr yéelde is neuerthelesse much after this proportioÌ„ as I haue often marked â—â—â—tell The cattel which we bréede are commonly such as for greatnesse of bone swéetenesse of flesh other benefits to be reaped by y e same giue place vnto none other as may appeare first by our Oxen whose largenesse height weight tallow hides and hornes are such as none of any other nation do coÌ„monly or may easily excéede theâ— Our shéepe likewise for good taste of fleshe quantitie of lymmes â—â—nesse of fléece abundance of increase for in many places they bring foorth two or thrée at an eaning giue no place vnto any more then do our Goates who in like sort do follow the same order and our Deare come not behind As for our Conies I haue séene theÌ„ so fat in some fâ—â—â—es especially about Meal Disnege that the greaâ—e of one being weighed Meal and disnege hath prysed very neare sixe or 7. ounces all which benefites we first referre to the grace goodnesse of God and next of all vnto the bountye of our soyle which he hath so plentifullye indued with so ample large coÌ„modities But as I meane to intreate of these thinges more largly hereafter so will I touch in this place one benefite which our country wanteth and that is wyne the fault whereof is not in our soyle Wine but the negligence of our country men especially of the south parts who doe not inure the same to this commoditie which by reason of long discontinuance is nowe become vnapt to beare any Grapes eyther in the fielde or feuer all vineyardes Yet of late time soone haue assayed to deale for wine but sithe that lyquor when it commeth to the b 〈…〉 ing hath béene founde more harde then that which is brought from beyondâ— the sea and the cost of planting and kéeping thereof 〈◊〉 their gea 〈…〉 that they maye hâ—â—â—e it farre better cheape from other Countries they haue gyuen ouer theyr enterpryses wythoute any consideration that 〈◊〉 in all other thinges so neither the grounde it selfe in the begynninge nor successe of their trauaile can answere their 〈…〉 at the first vntyll such time as the soyle be brought as it were 〈…〉 in time with this commoditie and 〈…〉 for the more 〈…〉 of charge to be employed vpon the 〈…〉 that where waine doth last 〈…〉 there it will grow no woorse I 〈…〉 wherefore the planting of 〈…〉 in England That this 〈◊〉 might haue growne in this Island heretofore 〈…〉 to vs the Galles and 〈…〉 sufficient 〈…〉 y. And 〈…〉 dyd 〈…〉 here the olde 〈◊〉 of tythes for 〈◊〉 that yet remaine in the accompt 〈…〉 in 〈…〉 sutes 〈…〉 ecclesiasticall courtes 〈…〉 〈…〉 y also the inclosed p 〈…〉 elles 〈…〉 euery Abbaye yet called 〈…〉 a notable proofe 〈…〉 soyle is not to be blamed as 〈…〉 were so excéeding short that the moone which is Lady of moysture chiefe riper of this liquor cannot in any wise shine long ynough vpoÌ„ the same a very merry toy Wad and Madder sometime in Englande Rape oyle fable worthy to be suppressed The time hath béene that Wad and Madder haue béene next vnto our Tin Woolles the chief commodities Marchaundize of this realm I fynde also that Rape oyle hath béene made within this lande but nowe our soyle wyll beare neither of these not for that the ground is not able so to doe but that we are neclygent and carelesse of our owne profit as men rather willing to buye the same of others theÌ„ take any paine to plant theÌ„ here at home The like I may say of flaxe Flaxe which by lawe ought to be sowen in euery country towne in Englande more or lesse but I see no successe of y e good wholsome estatute sith it is rather contempteously reiected then otherwise dutifully kept Some say that our great numbers of lawes Number AlteratioÌ„ Dispensation Example of superiours whereby it is impossible for any man to auoyde theyr transgression is one great cause of our negligence in this behalfe Other affirme that the often alteration of our ordinaunces do bréed this general coÌ„tempt of al good â—…was which after Aristotle doth seme to carye some reason withall But very many let not to saye that facility in dispensatioÌ„ with them and manifest breche of the same in the Superiours are y e greatest causes why the inferiours regarde no good order beyng alwayes ready to offende without any such facultie one way as they are to presume vpon the example of the higher powers another But as in these thinges I haue no fâ—â—yl so some wishe that fewer licences for the priuate commoditie but of a fewe were graunted this they say not that they denie y e execution of the prerogatiue royall but woulde wyth all theyr hearts that it might be made a grieuous offence for any man by fâ—…ced fryndeship or otherwise to procure oughteâ—… of the Prince who is not acquainted wyth the botome of the estate of common things that may bée preiudiciall to the waâ—…le publike of his country Erthes If it were requisite that I should speake of the sundry kinde of mowlde as y e cledgy or clay whereof are sundry sorts red blew 〈◊〉 white also the red or white sandy the lomye roselly grauelly chalâ—…y or blacke I could say that there are so many diuers vaines in Brytaine as else where in any quarter of lyke quantitie in y e world Howbeit this I must néedes coÌ„fesse that the sandy and cledgy doe beare the greatest sway but y e clay most of all as hath béene and yet is alwaies séene and felâ—â— thorowe plenty dearth of corne For if this latter doe yéelde hâ—â— full increase then is there generall plenty wheras if it fayle then haue we scarcity according to the olde rude verse set downe of england but to be vnderstanded of the whole Islande as experience doth confirme When the sande doth serue the clay Then may we sing well away But when the clay doth serue the sand Then is it mery with England I might here intreate also of the famous vales in Englande 〈◊〉 of which one is called the Vale of
except they dyd growe naturally not by force I sée no cause why they shoulde be accounted for parcell of our coÌ„modities I might here take occasion to speke of the great sales yerly made of wood wherby an infinite deale hath béene destroyed within these few yeres but I giue ouer to deale in this behalfe howbeit thys I dare affirme that if wooddes doe go so fast to decay in the next hundred yeare of grace as they haue done are like to doe in this sometymes for increase of shepe walkes some maintaynaunce of prodigalitie pompe for I haue known a * This geÌ„tleman caught such an heate with this sore loade y t he was faine to go to Rome for phisicke yet it could not saue his life but he must néedes die home-wardes gentlemaÌ„ that hath borne thrée score at once in one paire of galigascoÌ„s to shew his streÌ„gth brauery it is to be feared that brome turfe gal heth firze brakes whinnes ling dies hassocks flags straw ledge réede rush seacole will be good marchaÌ„dize euen in the citie of LondoÌ„ whervnto some of them alreadie haue gotten readie passage taken vp their Innes in the greatest marchauntes parlers A man woulde thincke that our lawes were able ynough to make sufficieÌ„t prouision for y e redresse of this error and enormitie likely to insue but such is the nature of our country men y t as many lawes are made so they wil kepe none or if they be vrged to make aunswere they wyll rather séeke some crooked construction therof to the encrease of their priuate gaine then yelde themselfes willing to be guided by the same for a common wealth and profite so that in the ende whatsoeuer the lawe sayeth we will haue our willes whereby the wholesome ordinances of y e prince are contemned the trauaile of the nobilitie and counsellours as it were derided the common wealth impouerished and a tewe only inriched by this peruerse dealing whereas many thousande persons doe suner hinderance by this their crooked behauior whereby the wholesome lawes of the Prince are oft defrauded the good meaning maiestrate in consultation about the common wealth seduced I woulde wishe that I might liue no longer then to sée foure thinges in thys lande reformed That is the want of discipline in the church The couetous dealing of most of our marchants in the preferment of other countries hinderance of their owne The holding of faires markets vpon the sondaie to be abolished and referred to the wednesdayes And that euery man wyth in what soeuer soile enioyeth foure Acres of lande and vpwards after that rate either by frée déede or copple hold or fee farme might plant one Acre of wood or sow the same with mast beside that which remayneth already to be cherished kept But I feare me that I should then liue to long so long that I should eyther be weary of the worlde or the world of me yet they are not such things but they may easily be brought to passe Certes euery small occasion in my time is inough to cut downe a great woode euery trifle suffiseth to laye infinite Acres of corne ground vnto pasture As for y e taking downe of houses a small fine will beare out a great manye Woulde to God we might once take example of the Romaines who in restreint of superfluous grasinge made an exact limitation how many head of Cattel eche estate myght kéepe and what numbers of Acres shoulde suffise for that and other purposes neyther was woode euer better cherished or mancion houses maintained then by their lawes and statutes But what doe I meane to speake of these sith my purpose is onely to talke of woods â–ª well take this then for a final conclusion in woodes that within this fortie yeares we shall haue little newe Timber growing aboue two and fortie yeares olde for it is coÌ„monly séene that those yong staddles which we leaue standing at one and twenty yeres fal are vsually at the next sale cut downe without any daunger of the statute serue for fire bote if it please the owner to burne them Marises and Fenny Bogges we haue many in England but more in Wales 〈…〉 if you haue respect vnto the seuerall quantities of y e countries howbeit as they are very profitable in soÌ„mer half of the yere so are a number of them to small commoditie in the winter part as common experience doth teach yet this I find of many of these moores that in times past they haue béene harder grouÌ„d and sundrye of them well replenished wyth great woodes that now are voyde of bushes and for example hereof we maye sée the tryall besides the rootes that are daily found in the depes of Monemouth where turfe is digged also in Wales Abergeyny and Merioneth in sundry parts of Lancasshyre where the people go vnto this daye into their Fennes and Marises with long spittes which they dashe here and there vp to the verye cronge into the grounde in which practise a thinge commonly done in winter if they happen to smite vpon a trée or blocke they note the place and about haruest time when the ground is at the driest they come againe and get it vppe and afterwarde carrying it home applye it to their vses The lyke doe they in Shroppeshyre with fire woode which hath béene felled in olde time wythin seauen miles of Salop so me of them foolishlye suppose the same to haue lyen there sith Notes floud and other more fonde then the rest imagine them to growe euen in the places where they finde them without all consideration that in times past the most parte if not all Lhoegres and Cambria was generally replenished with woode which being felled or ouerthrowne vpon sundry occasions was left lying in some places still on the grounde and in procéesse of time became to be quite ouergrowen with earth and mouldes which mouldes wanting their due sadnesse are nowe turned into moory plots whereby it commeth to passe also that great plentye of water commeth betwéene the new loose swart and the olde hard earth that being drawne awaie might soone leaue a drie soyle to the great lucre and aduantage of the owner We find in our histories that Lincolne was sometime buylded by Lud brother to Cassibillane who called it Cair Ludcotte of the great store of woodes that enuironed the same but now the comodity is vtterly decayed there so that if ad were aliue againe in our time he woulde not call it his Citie in y e woode but rather his towne in y e plaines for the wood I say is wasted altogither about y e same the hils called y e Peke were in lyke sort named Menâ—…ith Câ—…it that is the wooddy hiles but howe much woode is now to bee séene in those places let him that hath béene there testifie if he liste for I hâ—… of none by such as trauayle that waye and thus much of woodes and marises and so
betokeneth the race and surname So the Romaines had Cornelios Sergios Appios Fabios Aemilios Iulios Brutos c. of which who were agnati and therfore kept the name were also called Gentiles gentlemen of that or that house and race As the king or Quéene doth dubbe knights and createth the Barons and higher degrées so gentlemeÌ„ whose auncestours are not knoweÌ„ to come in with WilliaÌ„ Duke of Normandie do take their beginning in EnglaÌ„d after this maner in our tymes â—…yers â—…ents Vniâ—â—â—sities â—â—isitioÌ„s â—â—pteines Whosoeuer studieth y e lawes of the realme who so studieth in the Vniuersitie or professeth Phisicke and the liberall Sciences or beside his seruice in the rowme of a capitaine in the warres can liue ydlely and without manâ—…ell labour and therto is able and wil beare the port charge and countenaunce of a gentleman he shall be called Master which is the title that men giue to Esquires and Gentlemenne and reputed for a Gentleman which is so much the lesse to be disalowed as for that y e Prince doth lose nothing by it y e gentlemaÌ„ being so much subiect to taxes and publicke paymeÌ„ts as is the Yeoman or husbandman which he also doth beare the gladlyer for the sauing of his reputation Being called in the warres whatsoeuer it cost him he will both arraye and arme himselfe accordinglye and shewe y e more manly courage and all the tokens of y e person which he representeth No maÌ„ hath hurt by it but himself who peraduenture wil now and then heare a bigger sayle then hys boate is able to sustaine Citizens and Burgeses haue next place to gentlemen Citizens who be those that are frée within the cities and are of some substaunce to beare Office in y e â—…auâ—…e But these citizens or Burgeses are to serue the coÌ„mon wealth in their cities and Borowghes or in corporate towneâ—… where they dwell And in the common assembly of the realme to make lawes called the Parliament the ancieâ—…t Eiâ—…eâ—… appoint foure and the borowghe twâ—… Burgeses to haue voyâ—…es in it and to giue their consent or dissent vnto such thinges as passe or stay there in the name of the citie or Borowe for which they are appointed In thys place also are our Marchauntes to be ensâ—…alled as amoÌ„g the Citizens MarchaÌ„ts whose number is so increased in these our dayes that theyr onely maintenaunce is the cause of the excéeding prices of forreine wares which otherwyse when eache nation was permitted to bring in hir owne commodityes were farre better cheape and more plentifully to be had Among the Lacedemonians it was founde out that great numbers of Merchauntes were nothing to the furtheraunce of the state of the common wealth â—… wherefore it is to be wyshed that the heape of them were somewhat restreigned so should the rest lyue more easily vpon theyr owne few honest chapmeÌ„ be brought to decaye by breaking of the bankcrupt I doe not denie but that the nauie of the lande is in part maintained by their â—…aâ—…câ—… and so are the highe prices of thinges kept vp now they haue gotten the only sale of things into their handes whereas in times past when the strange bottomes were suffered to come in we had Suger for foure pence the pounde that nowe is worth halfe a crowne Raâ—…sons of Corinth for a peny that now are holden at six pence and sometime at eight pence ten pence the pounde nutmegges at two pence halfe peny the mince Gynger at a penny an ounce Proynes at halfe penye fardyng Great reysons thrée pounde for a peny Cinamon at foure pence the ounce Cloues at two pence and Pepper at twelue and sixetene pence the pounde Whereby we maye sée the sequele of thinges not alwayes to be such as is pretended in the beginning The wares that they carry out of the Realme are for the most part brode clothes carsies of all coulours lykewyse cottons fréeses rugges tinne wooll leade felles c. which being shipped at sundry ports of our coasts are borne from thence into all quarters of the worlde and there eyther exchaunged for other wares or ready money to the great game and commoditie of our Merchauntes And whereas in times past our chiefe trade was into Spaine Portingall Fraunce Flaunders Danske Norway Scotlande and Iseland onely so in these dayes as men not contented wyth those iourneyes they haue sought out the east and west Indies made voyages not only vnto the Canaries and newe Spaine but likewyse into Cathaia Not séene in a batement of price of thinges Moscouia Tartaria the regions thereabout from whence as they pretende they bring home great commodities Our Yeomen are those which by our Lawyers are called Legales hommes fre meÌ„ born English and maye dispende of theyr owne frée lande in yerely reuenewe to the summe of 40. s. sterling This sorte of people haue a certaine preheminence and more estimation then labourers and artificers and commoÌ„ly lyue welthely kéepe good houses traueileth to get ryches They are also for the most part fermers to gentlemen with grazing frequenting of markets and kéeping of seruants â—…ot ydle seruaunts as the gentlemen doth but such as get both their owne part of theyr Maâ—…sters lyuing doe come to great wealth insomuch that many of them are able and doe buy the landes of vnthrifty gentlemen often setting theyr sonnes to the Scholes to the Vniuersities and to y e Innes of the Court or otherwise leauing them sufficient landes wherevpon they maye lyue without labour doe make their sayde sonnes by that meanes to become gentlemeÌ„ These were they y t in times past made al Fraunce afrayd And the kings of England in foughten battailes were woont to remaine among these Yeomen who were their footemen as the French Kings did amongst theyr horsemen the Prince thereby shewing where his chiefe strength did consist The fourth and last sort of people in Englande are day labourers poore husbandmeÌ„ and some retaylers which haue no frée lande copy holders al artificers as Taylours Shoomakers Carpenters Brickemakers Masons 〈…〉 c. As for slaues 〈◊〉 we haue none These therfore haue neither voice nor authoritie in y e common welth but are to be ruled not to rule other yet they are not altogither neglected for in cities and corporalte Townes for default of Yeomen they are fayne to make vp their enquestes 〈◊〉 of such maner of people And in Villages they are commonly made Church wardens Sidemen Aleconners Constables many tymes enioye the name of hedborowghes Thys furthermore amonge other thynges I haue to saye of our husbandmen and artificers that they were neuer so excellent in theyr trades as at this present But as the workemanshippe of the later sort was neuer more fine and curious to the eye so was it neuer lesse strong and substanciall for continuance and benefite of the buyers Certes there is nothing that hurteth our artificers more then hast and
shall not néede for me to 〈◊〉 any longer vppon theyr differences which may so well and better be determined by the eye Of our measures therefore Thrée Barly cornes do make an ynche Twelue ynches yéelde a foote Thrée foote are our yarde One yarde and nyne ynches giue an elâ—… Seauen foote yéelde a fadam By the standerde Although we vse commonly to call the space betwéene the toppes of our middle fingers when our armes bée stretched out at length by that name also the same likewyse beyng called Passus sometimes as the height of a man is Status supposed to be all one with the lesser fadam or or extention of his armes But to procéede Sixtéene foote an halfe or 5. yardes an halfe do make a pole in whose Area are 272. of our feete an half Foure poles in length and one in breadth do yéeld a rodde or rode of grounde which some call a fardendele or yardlande Foure roddes doe gyue an Acre whose plotte hath 43600. or fortie poole in length and thereto foure in bredth The auncient Romaynes had for theyr land as Columella saith lib. 5. cap. 1. The finger bredth The foote of sixtéene finger bredthes The pace fiue foote Actus euery way had a 120. foote In Hispania Betica it hight Agna but in Gallia ArepeÌ„ Iugerum had two Actus and was so called taÌ„quam a iunctis Actibus so that it conteined one way 240. foote and 120. another that is 28800. foote in the whole plot Porca 7200. féete Versus 8640. Agna 14400. The furlong hath 125. paces or 625. féete Eyght furlonges also made a myle Centuria hath 200 Iugera but in olde time onely 100. for notwithstanding that the first be doubbled yet it retaineth still the pristinate denomination as we sée in the worde tribe which was at the first but one part of the thrée wherinto y e whole people of Rome were seuered deuided But let vs returne vnto our owne againe ¶ It lyke sort for such as trauaile Fyue foote measured by the sayde ynche make a pace 125. paces doe yéelde a furlong Eyght furlonges or 1000. paces is a mile and after ths Geometricall pace are ouâ—… myles measured which some notwithstanding doe recone by about 278. tournes of a Carte whéeles whose compasse is commonly of eyghtéene foote of the standâ—…rd and and height fyue foote and an halfe as I haue béene informed by Wâ—…eleâ—…â—â—hthes in the citie By the foote also we measure glasse and Tymber and all others our buyldings By the yarde our woollen cloth tapissery Arras Sylkes and Laces but our liâ—…en by y e â—…lâ—…e Finally our woodes and pastures are layed out by the pâ—â—le and therto our hedging and ditching after the same note although the depth of our ditches is measured by the foote likewise their bredth as experience dayly coÌ„firmeth Besids this we haue also another kind of measuring that is by the fadam the vse whereof is onely seene in the digging of pittes welles mines measuring of ropes sounding the depth of the sea when dreade of perill inforceth our mariners to sée vnto their safegarde It is furthermore a common opinion amongst vs that euery hundred acres of grounde containe iust a myle in compaâ—…e rounde aboute but as I haue not yet examined howe truely thys is saide so I am most sure that a plot of 400. Acres shall not yéelde a lyke proportions by the one halfe whensoeuer you walke about it And euen thus woulde I ende with this chapter concerning our maner of measuring before remeÌ„bred were it not that I thinke good to set downe what I haue gathered of the lyke measurynges as they haue ben vsed in other countries where they also doe reconne by the Graine making their accompt much after such maner as followeth The Digitus or finger breadth hath foure graines layd side to side The Vncia maior thrée fingers The palme hath foure fingers Their dichas two hande breadthes or eyght fingers Their spanne thrée hand bredthes or twelue fingers bredthes Their foote is sixtéene fingers or foure handbredthes Their foote and halfe in latine Sesquipes or Cubitus 24. finger bredthes The steppe two foote and an halfe The common pace thrée foote The Geometricall fyue foote The Orgia sixe foote as I gather out of Sudas The league thrée myles English The common dutche myle â–ª 4000. paces The greate dutch myle 5000 paces ¶ In lyke sorte the Latines we doe measure our iourneys by myles The Grecians by furlonges The french and spanishe by leagues The Egiptians by Signes The Persians by Parasâ—…ngas of which ech one conteyneth thirtie furlonges As for the olde Brytishe myle that includeth 1500. paces english it shal not greately néede to make any discourse of it so much the lesse sith it is yet in vse and not forgotteÌ„ among the Welch men as Leland hath noted in his commentaries of Bryteine â–ª wherfore it may suffise to haue saide thus much of the same and so of all the rest beyng mindfull to goe forwarde and make an ende of this treatize Of English weightes and their comparison with others Cap. 23. THe least of our waightes is a grayne betwéene which and the ounce we haue the halfe quarter the half and thrée quarters of the ounce In olde tyme these smaller partes were commonlye reconed by péeces of coyne and not by quarter and halfe quarter as we doe nowe As by the farding or fourth part of a peny which waighed eyght graines the halfepeny that peysed sixtéene and peny that counterpeysed 32. and was in â—…éede the 32. part of an ounce so that for the halfe quarter we sayd two pence halfepeny for the quarter fiue pence and halfe ounce tenne pence which is nowe growne out of vse our coine so inhaunced that 6.0 of our pence doe hardly make an ounce and aleaueÌ„ graines suffice with the more to counterpeyse a peny The Athenien ounce was lesse then ours by 64. graynes and deuided into his partes after this maner following Lepta the seauenth part of two graynes Granum A graine Chalcus two graines and seauen Leptae Siliqua foure graines Semiobolus sixe graines or thrée Chalchi Obolus hath twelue graines Scriptulum two Obolos Drachma 3 Scriptula or 72. graines Vncia 8 Drachmes 24. Scriptulas 48. Ob 576 graines whereby they differed not also from the Romaines in their vncia who reconed their small waightes after this maner following A graine the least of all Siliqua had 4. graines Semiobolus 6. graines Obolus 12. graines Victoriatus one thirtenth part of an ounce or 41. graines and 1 / 14 of a graine Denarius the seauenth part of an ounce Sextula the sixt part Sicilicus the fourth part Duella the thirde part Semuncia the second part or half an ounce otherwyse called a Stater Vncia the ounce which had two Semuncias 3. Duellas 4. Sicilicos 6. Stextulas 7. Denarios 14. Victoriatus and 576. graines as they
time by reason of the Alarme raised was gote vp and taking to him his sword in that suddayne fright by chance it fell out of the scabbard so that he could not finde it but calling to God and S. Aldelme as saith Polichron Ran. Higd. his sword was restored to the scabbard againe The King comforted with that miracle boldly preassed foorth vpon his enimies and so valiauntly resisted them that in the ende he put them to flight and chased them all that morning and day following so that hee slewe of them an huge number Some haue written that Constantine Kyng of Scottes was slayne at this ouerthrowe VVil. Malm. The enimies discomfited and fine other small Kyngs or Rulers with .12 Dukes and welneere all the army of those straunge nations whiche Aulafe had gathered togither But the Scottish Chronicles affirme that Constantine was not there himself but sent his son Malcolme which yet escaped sore hurt and wounded from this battell as in the same Chronicles yee may see more at large When Kyng Adelstane had thus vanquished his enimies in the North parties of England Ran. Higd. he went against them of Northwales whose Rulers and Princes he caused to come before him at Hereford and there handled them in suche sorte that they couenaunted with him to pay yeerely in name of a Tribute twentie pounde of golde Tribute three hundred pounde of siluer and fiue and twētie hundred head of Neate with Hawkes and Houndes to a certayne number After this hee subdued also the Cornishmen and whereas till those dayes they inhabited the Citie of Exeter The Cornishmen subdued mingled amongst the Englishmen so that the one nation was as strong within that Citie as the other he ridde them quite out of the same and repaired the walles Exeter repaired and fortified them with ditches and turrets as the maner then was and so remoued the Cornishmen further into the West partes of the countrey that hee made Tamer water to be the confines betweene the Englishmen and them Finally 940 Simon Dun. The decesse of K. Athelstane this noble Prince King Adelstane departed out of this world the sixe and twēty day of October after he hadde raigned the tearme of sixteene yeres His body was buried at Malmesbury He was of stature such The description of Kyng Athelstane as exceeded not the common sort of mē and stowped somewhat yellow heared for his valiancie ioyned with curtesey beloued of al men yet sharp against Rebels of inuincible constancie his greate deuotion toward y e Church appeared in y e building adorning and endewing of Monasteries and Abbeyes He builte one at Wilton within the diocesse of Salisbury and an other at Michelney in Sommersetshire But besides these foundations there were few famous Monasteries within this land but that hee adorned the same eyther with some new peece of buylding Iewels bookes or portion of lands Wolstan Archbishop of Yorke He had in exceeding fauour Wolstane Archbishop of Yorke that liued in his dayes for whose sake he greatly enriched that Bishopricke His fame spred ouer all the parties of Europa His estimation in foraine Realmes so that sundry Princes thought themselues happy if they might haue his friendship eyther by affinitie or otherwise by meanes whereof he bestowed his sisters so highly in marriage as before ye haue heard Hee receyued many noble and riche presents from diuers Princes as from Hugh K. of Fraunce Horses and sundry riche Iewels with certaine reliques as Constantines sworde in the hilte whereof was set one of the nayles wherewith Christ was fastned to y e Crosse The Speare of Charles the great which was thought to be the same with whiche the side of our Sauiour was pearced The banner of Saint Maurice with a part of the holy Crosse and likewise a part of the thorned Crowne yet Mandeuile sawe the one halfe of this Crowne in Fraunce and the other at Constantinople almost .400 yeares after this time as he writeth Of these Iewels K. Adelstane gaue parte to the Abbey of S. Swithune at Winchester and part to the Abbey of Malmesbury Moreouer the King of Norway sent vnto him a goodly ship of fine workmanshippe with sterne gilt and purple sayles furnished rounde about the decke withinfurth with a rowe of gilte pauises In the dayes of this Adelstane raigned that worthy Guy Earle of Warwike who as some writers haue recorded Harding fought with a mighty Giaunt of the Danes in a singular combate and vanquished him Edmonde Edmōd AFter that Adelstane was departed this lyfe without leauing issue behind to succeede hym in the Kingdome his brother Edmond sonne of Edward the elder borne of his last wife Edgiue tooke vpon him the gouernment of this land VVil. Malm. 940 and beganne his raigne in the yere of our Lord .940 which was in the fifth yere of the Emperour Otho the first in the .13 of Lewis Simon Dun. surnamed transmarinus K. of France and about the .38 yeare of Cōstantine y e third K. of Scotland The Danes of Northumberlād rebelled against this Edmōd and ordeyned Aulafe to bee their K. whome they had called out of Ireland Some write that thys Aulafe which now in the beginning of king Edmonds raigne came into Northumberland was King of Norwey and hauing a greate power of men with him hee marched foorthe towardes the South parties of this lande in purpose to subdue the whole but K. Edmonde raysed a mighty army and encoūtred with his enimies at Lecester But ere the matter came to the vttermost triall of Mars his iudgement through the earnest sute of the Archbishop of Canterbury and Yorke Odo Wolstan a peace was concluded A peace concluded so as Edmond should enioy all that part of the land whiche lieth from Watling streete Southwarde and Aulafe shoulde enioy the other parte as it lieth from the same streete Northward Then Aulafe tooke to wife the Lady Alditha daughter to Earle Ormus by whose coūsell and assistance he had thus obteyned the vpper hande 941 Math. VVest Aulafe deceasseth Another Aulafe taketh vppon him to rule But this Aulafe in the yere folowing after he had destroyed the Church of Saint Balter and brenned Tynningham hee departed this life Then the other Aulafe that was sonne to Kyng Sithricke tooke vppon hym to gouerne the Northumbers After this in the yere .942 King Edmond assembling an army firste subdued those Danes which had gote into their possessiō the Cities and Townes of Lincolne Lecester Derby Stafford and Notingham constreyning them to receyue the Christian fayth and reduced all the countreis euen vnto Humber vnder his subiection Thys done Aulafe and Reignold the sonne of Gurmo Gurmo or Godfrey VVil. Malm. the which as you haue heard subdued Yorke for meane y e sooner to obteyn peace offered to become Christians and to submit themselues vnto him wherevpon he receyued them to his peace There be that write that
prisoners as they had before taken of them that kept the sayde spoyle greatly now to aduance the victorie of their fellowes shewing more crueltie towardes the Englishe men than any of the rest now that they sawe once howe the victorie was inclined to the Pictish side In fine such slaughter was made that of the whole Englishe hoste whiche was there assembled there vneth escaped fiue hundred Athelstane himselfe at the first encounter was runne through the bodie with a Speare Athelstane is staine and so dyed gyuing name to the place of the battaile whiche continueth euen vnto this day Aylstone foord being called Athelstanes foorde The signe of the foresayde Crosse was not onely seene of the Pictes and Scottes beeyng there wyth them in ayde Saint Andrew the Scottish mens patron to both theyr greate comfortes and gladnesse but also of the Englishe men to their no lesse discouragement as they that vnderstoode Saint Andrewe to bee Patrone and Aduowryer of the Scottishe and Pictishe Nations For it did put suche a feare into theyr heartes that when they came to the poynte of ioyning theyr stomackes so sayled them that wyth small resystaunce they were easily vanquished as is sayde and put to flyght For this so manifest a myracle after the battaile was once ended and the victorie obteyned Hungus repayred with his people following him Saint Reule vnto the Church of that blessed man Saint Regulus nowe called Saint Andrewes where they made theyr offrings wyth humble deuotion vnto the Relykes of the Apostle rendring thankes vnto him for theyr victorie with deuoute prayer after the accustomed maner then They vowed there also at the same tyme as the fame goeth Why Scottish men vse S Andros crosse in warfare that from thenceforth as well they as theyr posteritie in tyme of warre shoulde weare a Crosse of Saint Andrews for theyr badge and cognisance Which ordenance continually after remayned with the Pictes and after their destruction exterminion with the Scots euen vnto our time The bodie of Athelstane was buried in the next Church vnto the place where the fielde was fought howbeit Athelstane his buriall some haue left in wryting that his head was cut off from the bodie and brought to Inchgaruie where beeing set vppon a stake it was shewed to the people in reproche of his iniurious enterprise Hungus the Pictishe king to shewe himselfe yet more mindefull of the due honoring of the holy Apostle Hungus repaireth S. Aâ—…os Church by whose ayde he acknowledged himselfe to haue got the victorie aforesayde not only augmented his Church with new buildings and necessarie reparations but encreased the number of priests in the same for the celebrating of diuine seruice he also gaue many riche and costly ornaments vnto the same as Chalices Cruets Basons such like Images of golde and siluer Moreouer he caused to be made the Images of christ and his .xij. Apostles of fine gold and siluer which hee bestowed there with a case also of beaten golde Tenthes to be giuen vnto the Cleargie therein to inclose the relykes of S. Andrew And besides this he ordeyned that the Spiritualtie should haue the tenthes of all increase of goods as of corne cattailes herbage and such like through his realme and further that spirituall personâ—… should not be 〈◊〉 to answere before any 〈…〉 But these beneficiall priuiledge the Pictishe clergie diâ—… not loÌ„g enioy Feredeth taketh from the Cleargie their priuiledges For Feredeth that was the 〈◊〉 which raigned amongst the Pictes after Hungus tooke from them all suche giftes as this Hungus had giuen them and further ordeyned to the derogation of their Priuiledges that they shoulde answere 〈◊〉 secular â—â—â—mes afore secular Magistrates â–ª And why not And that lyuing vppon theyr former reuenewes Priestes to be tryed afore secular iudges Souldiers and menne of warre shoulde enioye the other whiche Hungus had so freely bestowed vpon them The Nobles of the land mainteyned Feredeth in his doings reckening all that spirituall persons had to be but cast away which was the cause as some thought that theyr Kingdome take into suche ruine as shortly after followed There bee some Chronicles that wryte how these things whiche are mencioned of Hungus and Athelstane chaunced not altogyther aboute this season but Hector Boetius followeth â—…eremâ—…nd in moste of his accounte as the authour whome he taketh to be most certaine as well for the accounte of the tyme as in the course of the whole Hystorie And for that we meane not to presume wholy to derogate the same Boetius his credite wee haue not muche dissented from hym but rather followed him in most places leauing suche doubtes as may bee worthily put forth of that which he wryteth vnto the consideration of the diligent Reader sithe it is not our purpose to impugne but rather to report what wee finde written by other except nowe and then by the way to admonishe the reader of some vnlikelyhoodes as the same doth seeme to vs and other and happely not without iust occasion But nowe to our purpose Aswell Hungus King of Pictes as Achaius King of Scottes after the ouerthrowe and death of Athelstane lyued with theyr people in good quiet rest for the Englishe men attempted nothing agaynst the Scottes or Pictes afterwardes Achains departeth out of this life 819 during the time of their raignes At length Achaius after hee had raigned .xxxij. yeares departed thys lyfe in the yeare of our Lorde .819 whiche was about the sixt yeare of Hungus his dominion ouer the Pictes His bodie was buryed in Colmekill according to the maner of Kings amongest hys predecessours In the days of thys Achains beside Clement and others of whome before ye haue heard lyued Byshop Gerâ—…adius a notable Preacher in Murrey lande Also Bishoppe Glacian with Moâ—◠〈…〉 brethren all Doctorâ—… and â—…span knowledge in respect whereof they were had in great credite and estimation with the people Betwixt this Conual and Hungus â—…he Pictish king Loue and amitie there was wonderfull loue and amitie shewed 〈◊〉 of them 〈◊〉 by all wayes and meanes how to 〈…〉 allance betwixt their people wherevpon 〈◊〉 greate wealth and 〈…〉 kingdomes Finally Hungus wasted with a continual consumption deceased Hungus falleth in â—… consumption Conuall deceasseth also delyuering vp his kingdome into the handes of hys soâ—…e Dorstolorâ—â—â—s and that in the presence of King Conuall who likewyse lyued not long after hym for in the fifth yeare of his raigne hee lykewyse departed oute of thys Worlde 802. Io. Ma. by force of naturall sicknesse DOngall the sonne of king Saluathius was receyued to succeede by the common consent of the estates of all the Realme Dongall succeedeth after Conuall a man of singular wisdome and great knowledge A seuere punisher of malefactors But for that hee was somewhat seuere in punishing the mysorâ—â—ed behauiours of the Nobilitie and misgouerned youth of hys Realme
ouercome and so by all likelihood gote the vpper hand had not Patrike Hepborne with his sonne and such other of his company as attended him come to the reskew by whome the fight was begunne afreshe The valiancie in the Earle of Dowglas Herewith also came the Earle of Dowglas and with a great mace in his hand layd such sore strokes round about him that none came within his reach but downe he went The Englishmen put to fight Finally the whole number of the Scottishmē bare themselues so manfully that the Englishmē being broken and put to flighte were slayne and borne downe The chase continued till the breake of the day with killing and taking as in suche cases is euer seene though the more parte indeede were taken with their liues saued after they once fell in chase Amongst other Raufe and Henry Percy taken prisoners Raufe Percy and his brother Henry were taken by Keith the Marshall of Scotland somewhat before the Englishmen began to turne There were also taken besydes the two Percies diuers other men of name as Robert Ogill Other persons taken Thomas Halberke Iohn Lilborne William Wauchlute Robert Heron the Baron of Hiltō Iohn Colwell and Patrike Louel Knightes There were taken in all of Englishmen The number of prisoners taken to the number of a thousande and fortie and slayne what in the fielde and chase as Froysart recounteth aboue an eyghteene hundred But yet the Scottish writers themselues report a lesse number There were slayne but fiue hundreth Englishmen as Hector Boetius hath The death of Iames Earle of Dowglas Neyther did this victory chaunce to the Scottes withoute greate losse and slaughter For amongst other the Earle of Dowglas himselfe was thrice striken through the body and also wounded so mortally on the head that being borne to his tent a little before the end of the battell he dyed of those hurtes immediately after to the greate discomforte of all his armie conceyuing more dolorous griefe for the losse of so worthy a chieuetayne See more of this matter in Englande than ioy for the gayne of so greate a victory His body was conueyed vnto Melros and buryed beside his father Earle William in the Abbey church there And bycause this Earle Iames had no heires of his body begotten Archimbalde Dowglas succeeded the Earle Iames of Dowglas his Cousin Archembald Dowglas Lord of Galloway succeeded him in the Earledome The house of the Hepbornes of the whyche this Patrike Hepborne that fought so valiauntly in this battell at Otterborne did discend arose in Scotland after this wise It chanced in the dayes of King Dauid the thirde there was an Englishman of that name taken prisoner in Scotland who by chaunce being in place where the Earle of March was got vpon a yong gelding vnbroken the whiche playing the vnruly Iade in fetching and flinging aloft put the Earle in greate daunger of his lyfe and when all other that were presente there gaue backe and durst not steppe in to make any shifte to help the Earle this Englishman lept to hym and boldly catching holde on the bridle reyne held the Horse fast till the Earle was safely gote beside him The first aduancement of the Hepborns In rewarde of which benefite the sayd Earle gaue vnto this Hepborne certayn lands in Lowthian whose posteritie increased afterwardes in such power of landes and surname The Earles of Bothwell that the same enioyed not only the Earledome of Bothwel but was also deuided into sundry braunches and many Knightes thereof haue risen of right worthy fame and estimation This battell of Otterborne was foughte on saint Oswaldes day which is the fifth of August in the yeere .1388 1388. The Bishop of Durham approcheth the Scottes with an armie The Bishop of Durham was comming the day nexte following with a newe power to haue ayded the Percies but hearing of the ouerthrowe and beeing come within a little of the Scottishe camp hee was enformed that the Scottes were as ready to defende as hee was to assayle and therevpon doubting the issue of his enterprise if he shoulde giue battell he turned backe to Newcastell He retireth and suffered the Scottes to returne into their countrey without any further pursute A Parliament at Perth In the yeere following a Parliamente was holden at Perth in the whiche demonstratiō was made by King Roberte that for asmuche as hee was brokē by great age and might not through feeblenesse occasioned thereof attende to his office in gouernemente of the Realme Robert Earle of Fyfe is chosen gouernoure of the Realme it was necessary that some gouernoure should be chosen and therfore hee required that his seconded sonne Roberte Earle of Fife might enioy that office considering his eldest sonne Iohn Earle of Carrike by reason of a stripe which he had receyued on the legge by an horse of Sir Iames Douglas of Dalketh was not able to trauell but kept his bed mighte sturre no way foorth abroade The Lordes consented to the Kings request and so the Earle of Fife was constituted gouernour of Scotland by common consente of all the Lords of the Realme Also the Earle Marshall of Englande The Earle Marshal of England warden of the Marches was sent by King Richard to the bordures to remain there as Warden in the place of Henry Percye prisoner in Scotland It is reported by y e Scottishe writers that this Earle should make stoute bragges that he woulde fighte with the Scottes the next time he mette with any power of them whether he were like in number to them or not but when it came to passe that Robert Steward the Scottishe gouernoure was entred into Northumberlande with an Army The gouernour of Scotland inuadeth Northumberlande he withdrewe into places of sauegard and suffered the most parte of the Countrey to be harryed and brente Indeede our English writers affirme that the sayd Earle hauing with him but fiue hundred men of armes he was not able to accomplish any great exploite auaylable against the greate multitude of hys enimies The same yeere was a truce taken betwixte England and France A truce taken the Scottes if they would so agree being comprised therein Herevpon there came Ambassadours foorthe of England English ambassadors sent into Scotland The King of Scottes agreth to the truce to vnderstād what the King of Scots would determine in that behalfe By whome it was aunswered that he woulde with good will stand to the same truce according as it was concluded Whilest things passed thus in Scotland Alexander Stewarde Earle of Buchquhan brente the Cathedrall Church of Murray The Cathedrall Church of Murray brente the lanterne and ornament of all the north part of Scotland vpon displeasure conceyued againste the Byshop of the same place Whereat his father the Kyng tooke suche indignation that when his sonne the said Alexander was broughte to his presence The Earle of Buchquhane
inueyed agaynst such vnseemely maners in men as a thing more agreeable for women than for their estate Wil. Mal. reciteth a tale of a knight in those dayes that tooke no small liking of himselfe for his fayre long heares but chauncing to haue a right terrible dreame as he slept one night it seeming to him that one was about to strangle him with his owne heares which he wrapped about his throte and necke the impression thereof sanke so deepely into his minde that when hee awakened oute of that dreame he streight wayes caused so much of his heare to bee cutte as might seeme superfluous A great number of other in the realme followed his coÌ„mendable example but their remorse of conscience herein that thus caused them to cut their heares continued not long for they fell to the like abuse againe so as within a .xij. monethes space they exceeded therein as farre past all termes of seemely order as before King Stephen 1135 An. Reg. 1 STephen Erle of Bullongne y e son of Stephe Erle of Bloys by his wife Adela daughter to William Conquerour came ouer w t al speed after the death of his vncle and tooke open him the gouernment of the realm of England partly vpon confidence which he had in the puissance and streÌ„gth at his brother Theobald Erle of Bloys and partly by the ayde of his other brother Henrie Bishop of Winchester and Abbot of Glastenburie although y t he with other of the nobles had sworne afore to bee true vnto the Empresse and his issue as lawfull heyres of king Henrie lately deceassed as you before haue heard The same day in the which he ariued in Englande A tempest Math. VVest there chaunced a mightie great tempest of thunder with lightning maruelous and horrible to heare and behold And bycause this happened in the winter time it seemed agaynst nature therefore it was the more noted as a foreshewing of some trouble and calamitie to come This Stephen beganne his raigne ouer this realme of England the second day of December in the yeare of our Lord 1â—…35 in the .xj. yeare of the Emperor Lothair the sixt of Pope Innocentius the second and about the .xxvij. of Lewes the .vij. surnamed Crassus king of Fraunce Dauid the first of that name then raigning in Scotland and beeing alreadie entred into the .xij. of his regiment Math. Paris VVil. Mal. Simon Dun. He was crowned also at Westminster vpon S. Stephens day by William the Archbishop of Cantervburie the moste part of the Nobles of the Realme being present and swearing their obedience vnto him as to their â—…me and lawfull soueraigne Howbeit there were diuerse of the wiser sort of all estates whiche regarding their former of he could haue beene contented that the Empresse should haue gouerned till hir sonne had come to lawfull age notwithstanding they helde their â—…eace as yet and consented vnto Stephen Periurie punished But to say the truth the breach of theyr othes was worthily punished afterward insomuch that aswell the Bishops as the other nobles either died an euill death or were afflicted with diuerse kindes of calamities and mischaunces and that euen here in this life of whiche some of them as their time serueth maye bee remembred hereafter Yet there were of them VVil. Mal. The Bishop of Salisburies protestation and namely the Bishop of Salisburie which protested that they were free from their othe of allegiaunce made to the sayde Empresse bycause that without the consent of the Lordes of the land she was maried out of the realme whereas they tooke their oth to receyue hir for Queen vpon that coÌ„dition that without their assent she should not marcy with any person out of the realme Moreouer as some writers think the Bishops tooke it The Bishopâ—… think to please God in breaking their oth that they should do god good seruice in prouiding for the welth of the realme the aduancement of the Church by their periurie For whereas the late deceassed king vsed himselfe not altogither for their purpose they thought that if they might set vp and treate a king chiefly by their especiall meanes authoritie he woulde follow their counsell better and reforme such things as they iudged to be amisse Mat. Pat. But a greate cause that moued many of the lords vnto the violating thus of their othe was as some Authors reherse for that Hugh Bigot Hugh Bigot somtime stewarde to king Henry the first immediately after y e decease of K. Henry câ—…me into England and aswell before the Archbishop of Canterbury as diuerse other lords of the land tooke an othe of his owne accorde although most men thinke that hee was hired so to doe bycause of great promotion declaring vpon the same that he was present a little before King Henries death when the same king adopted and chose his nephew Stephen to be his heyre successour bycause that his daughter the Empresse had grieously displeased him But vnto this mans othe the Archbishop and the other Lordes were too swiâ—…t in giuing of credite And the sayde Hugh escaped not after 〈◊〉 worthie punishment for that his persury for shortly after he came by y e iust iudgment of God to a miserable ende But to our purpose King Stephen by what fifte soeuer he came by the same immediatly after his coronation Sim. Dunel 1136 went first to Reading to the burial of the bodie of his vncle HeÌ„rie the same being now brought ouer forth of NormaÌ„dy Polidore Simon Dun. Mat. Par. after the buriall he repayred vnto Oxford and there calling a Councell of his Lords and other estates of his realme The fayre promises of king Stephen Amongest other things hee promised before y e whole assembly to win the hearts of the people that he would lay down and quite abolish that tribute which oftentimes was accustomed to be gathered after the rate of their acres or bides of lande commonly called Dancgylt whiche was two shillings of euery hide of laÌ„d Also y t he wold so prouide y e no Bishops sees nor other benefices should 〈◊〉 void but immediately after vpon theyr first being vacant should be again bestowed vpon some conuenient person meete to supplie the rowme Further he promised not to seaze vpon any mans wooddes as forfeyt though any pryuate man had hunted and killed his Deere in the same wooddes as the maner of his predecessour was for a kinde of forfeyture was deuised by K. Henrie that those shoulde lose their right of inheritance in their woods that chaunced to kill any of the kings Deere within the same Polidore Ran. Higd. Licence to build castels Moreouer he graunted licence to all men to buylde eyther Castell Tower or other holde for defence of themselues vpon their owne groundes And this he did chiefly in hope that y e same might be a sauegard for him in time to come if the Empresse should inuade the lande as
be committed to close prison and remayn in fetters sayde that if he lay in yrons he should shortly ende his lyfe Wherevnto king Richarde when he hearde of it aunswered He speaketh it very wel and therfore bycause he is a noble man and our minde is not to haue hym dead but only to be kept safe from starting any more away and doing newe hurt let him he chained in giues and fetters made of siluer and so he was But to proceede After the king had set the countrey of Cipres in a good stay he deliuered the keping therof vnto Richard de Camvill and Robert de Turnham And this done vpon the Wednesday in the Whitson weke he tooke the sea again He areiud thâ—… on the Saterday in VVhâ—…sonvveke being the saterday also nexâ—… before the feâ—… of S. Bernabeâ—… Galfridus Vinsaunt and passed ouer to the Citie of Acres which as then was besieged by the Christian army as yee maye reade in the description of the holy lande onelye giuing you to vnderstande that suche was the valiancie of king Richarde shewed in manfull constreining of the citie that his praise was gretly bruted both amongst the christians and also the Sarazins But the secrete enimitie betwixte him and the Frenche King eftsoones renued by occasion of such discord as chaunced betwixt Guido king of Ierusalem and Conrade the Marques of Tire so that parties were taken and where as both the Pisanes and Genevoys did offer their seruice vnto king Richard yet bicause the Genevoys were confederat with the French king who tooke parte with the Marques hee refused them and receiued the Pisanes Pisanes and Genevoys ioining himself with king Guido to supporte hym agaynst his enemies Here is also to be remembred that before king Richarde arriued at the siege he encountred on the sea a mighty great shippe called a Drommond which one Saphaldine the brother of Saladine a Prince of the Sarasines had sent to refreshe them with vittelles Mat. Paris N. Triuet Saphaldine the brother of Saâ—…adine This shippe king Richard caused fiercely to be assailed with his Gallies and at length bowged hir with all the victuals and prouision within the same as wilde fire barells of firie serpents armor and weapons of sundrie sortes besides all the Mariners and men of warre except suche as were taken to mercy and saued a liue being aboute .ij. C. in the whole whereas ther were aboord the same shippe .xv. C. Ni. Triuet Mat. Paris men of warre as some wryte thoughe other haue but .viij. C. But nowe to other incidents that chaunced this yeare On Midsomer euen there was such an Eclipse of the Sunne An Eclipse of â—…he Sunne â–ª the Moone being the same time .xxvij. dayes olde that for the space of .iij. hours for so long it lasted suche darknes came ouer the face of the Earthe that euen in the daye time for this Eclipse beganne aboute ix The seuenth â—…oure of the day sayth Maâ—…hevv Paris of the clocke in the morning the starres appeared playnly in the element In the same moneth of Iune Richarde de Camville whom the king had left as ye haue heard gouernour in Cypres Richarde de Camville deceasseth chaunced to fall sicke and comming without licence to the siege of Acres there dyed After whose death the Cipriots and those called Griffones and Ermians reuolted from the Englishe obedience and chose to them a kyng one that was a Monke of the familie of Isachius their former kyng but Roberte de Turnham who after the deceasse of Richarde de Camville remained sole gouernoure of the I le gathered a power of men togyther and giuyng battayle to the newe king whome Houeden nameth also emperour vanquisheth him wyth his complices taketh him prisoner and hangeth him on a pair of galowes The same month also died Rafe Fitz Geffrey who had the other king Isac in in custodie and then king Richarde deliuered him to the knightes of the Hospitall who sent him to the castell of Margant there safely to be kepte as prisoner to the vse of the king of Englande But now at length to returne vnto the affaires of England to make some mention of the doings there Ye shall vnderstande that after king Richarde was set forwarde on his iorney the Lorde Chauncellour William Longchampe Bishop of Ely appoynted as ye haue heard gouernour of the Realme began to exercise his authoritie to the vttermost Polidor taking vppon him the state of a Prince rather than of a subiect He had of late as before ye haue heard procured suche fauour at the hands of Pope Clement that hee was instituted by him Legate of the Apostolike sea here in England The Lorde Chancellour called the Popes legate in Englande so that pretending a rule bothe ouer the clergie and temporaltie and by reason that he had both the authoritie of Pope and King in his handes he vsed the same to his moste aduauntage as well in causes Ecclesiasticall as temporall wherby he wrought manie oppressions both against them of the clergie and temporaltie He mainteined such a port and countenaunce in his doings The statelye port of the Lord Chauncellour that hee woulde ryde with a thousande horsses by meane whereof when he came to lye at Abbeys and other places bringyng with hym such a trayne he was very burdenous vnto them Ran. Higd. specially when hee laye at their houses any space of tyme. He called a Conuocation at Westminster A conuocation wherein at the suite of Hugh Nouaunt bishop of Chester it was decreed Monkes of Couentrie displaced Polidore Ran. Higd. VVil. Pâ—… that the Monkes of Couentrie shoulde bee displaced and secular canons brought into that house to supply their roomths Which was done by the authoritie of the sayd Lord Chancellor The occasion Ran. Higd. being brybed by the foresayd Bishoppe of Chester as some writers haue recorded for displeasure whiche hee bare to the Monkes by reason of a fray which they had made vpon the sayd Bishop in theyr Churche at Couentrie and drawne bloud of him before the Altare there as he alledged But some haue written VVil. Parâ—… that the Bishop of Chester procured a licence of the Pope to alter the state of that Churche in sorte aboue mentioned whiche is moste lykely surmizyng agaynst the Monkes that they were manyfeste and moste stubborne disturbers of that peace and quietnesse whiche oughte to remayne amongst Churchmen and yet he him self sowed the strife and dissention amongest them and namelye betweene the Prior and his Couent Ran. Higd. Polidore Moreouer the sayde Lorde Chauncellor depriued suche rulers of theyr administrations and gouernementes as the King had appointed to beare any highe authoritye within the Realme pretending not onelye the kings commaundement but also aledging a reason whiche moued him so to doe as thus that he might thereby take awaye all occasions of grudges from the people The Lorde Chancellors â—…eason which otherwise might
of the East parties he coulde with small ado recouer all that the Christians yet helde within the holye lande hee woulde neuerthelesse in respect of king Richardes high prowes and noble valiancie graunt a peace for a certaine time so that not only Iscalone but also al other such townes and places as the Christians had fortified or wonne sith the conquest of Acres shoulde be razed as touching their walles bulwarkes gates and other fortifications King Richard though hee perceyued that this offer of peace tended vnto this poynt chiefly that Saladine woulde thereby aâ—…nihilate whatsoeuer the Christian armie had done in the holy lande sithe his and the French kings arriuall so that by the sayd peace he should gaine more than by the edge of his sword did somwhat stay at this offer and demaund as a thing greatly dishonourable to the Christians to lose by treatie of peace so muche or rather more than they gotte by force of warres a meere token of faynt and feeble courage yet considering that in such necessitie both of his departure from thence and also of lacke of other succors to resist the puissance of the enimies after his coÌ„ming away he iudged it best to take the offer at the enimies handes in aduoyding of some greater euill A peace concluded betwixt the Christians and Sarafins Herevpon therefore was a peace concluded to endure for three yeares three monethes three weekes three dayes three houres to beginne at Easter next ensuing And among other articles it was couenaunted that the Christians shoulde haue free passage to come and goe vnto the Citie of Ierusalem to visite the holye Sepulchre there which was graunted so that amongest a great number of Christians that presently vpon thys conclusion went thither Hubert bishop of Salisburie Hubert Bishop of Salisburie was one who had continued aboute the king during the time of all his iourney till thys time King Richard hauing thus coÌ„cluded with Saladine King Richard taketh his iorney homewardes tooke the Sea and comming againe into Cypres sent his wife Queene Berengaria with his sister Ioane late Queene of Sicell into Englande by the long Seas but he himselfe not minding to lie long on the Seas determined to take his course into Grecia and so by lande to passe homewardes with all speede possible Howbeit ere hee coulde attaine his purpose his chaunce was to bee dryuen by tempest into the coast of Istria not farre from Aquileia where he stoode in some doubt of his lyfe For if hee had beene knowne and taken they woulde surely haue kylled him bycause of the slaunder that went of him King Richard slaundered for the death of the Marques of Monferratâ—… as guiltie of the death of Conrade the Marques of Monferato who in deede was slaine by two of the Assassini in the Citie of Tirus whilest King Richarde was in the holye lande as before yee haue hearde He therefore hauing here made Shipwracke and doubting to fall into the handes of anye person in those parties that bare good will vnto the Marques agaynst whome he had indeede shewed himselfe not friendly in a quarrell betwixt the sayd Marques and Guido the king of Ierusalem made the best shift he coulde to gette away yet knowledge being hadde of him and search made after him by one Meynard of Gorezeyn VVil. Parâ—â—s Erle of Gorze hee lost an eight of hys seruauntes and so came to a towne within the Bishoprike of Saltzburg called Frysake Saltzburg where he was eftsoones in daunger to haue beene taken againe by one Frederike de Saint Soome who notwithstanding tooke sixe of hys menne but yet hee himselfe wyth three other of hys companie made shift to get awaye And finally comming to Vien in Ostriche King Richard commeth to Vienna and there causing his seruauntes to prouide meate for him more sumptuous and fine than was thought requisite for so meane a person as hee counterfeyted then to heare the countenaunce of Polidor it was streight wayes suspected that he was some other maner of man than hee shewed himselfe to bee and in fine those that marked more diligently the maner of him perceyued what he was and gaue knowledge to the Duke of Austrich named Leopolde being then in the Citie of Vienna what they had seene His Page that had the Tentch tongue goyng aboute the towne to chaunge Golde and buit vittayles bewrayed him hauing by chaunce the kings gloues vnder hys girdle wherevpon comming to bee examined for feare of tortures confessed the truth The Duke streight wayes caused the house where he was lodged Raufe 〈◊〉 to bee sette aboute wyth armed menne and sente other into the house to apprehende him He being ware that he was discried gotte him to his weapon but they aduising him to bee contented and alledging the Dukes commaundement hee boldely answered that sithe hee muste bee taken he beeing a king woulde yeelde himselfe to none of the companie but to the Duke himselfe and therefore if it woulde please him to come hee woulde yeelde himselfe into his handes The Duke hearing of this speedily came vnto hym King 〈◊〉 submiâ—… himselfe 〈◊〉 the Duke oâ—… Austriche whome hee meeting deliuered vp his sworde and committed him vnto his custodie The Duke reioysing of such a pray brought him vnto his Palace and with gentle wordes enterteyned him thoughe hee ment no greate good towardes him as well ynoughe appeared in that hee committed hym to the keeping of certayne Gentlemen which wythout muche curtesie looked streightly ynough to him for starting awaye insomuche that they kept hym in colde Irons as some Authours doe wryte Nic. Triâ—… Hee was taken after the maner aforesayde in December vpon Saint Thomas euen the yeare of our Lorde .1192 and in the fourth yeare of hys raigne The Duke of Austriche ought the King no good wil bycause he had cast downe his ensignes pight vp in a Turret at Acres Polichâ—… whiche hee had wonne at the verye time when that Citie was delyuered by the Sarasins for whilest they were in treatie on one side the Duke on the other The causeâ—… the displeâ—… betwixt the Duke of â—…strich kiâ—… Richard not knowing any thing thereof gaue the assault vnto that part of the towne which was appoynted vnto him to besiege And so beeing entred the towne and perceyuing that by treatie it was to be delyuered he retired into the Turret which he had first wonne and entred and there set vp his Standart and ensignes whiche king Richarde as the Tentch wryters affyrme comming thyther threwe downe and trode vnder hys feete But Geruasius Dorobornensis declareth this matter somewhat otherwise â—…r Do. as thus After that the sayde Citie of Acres was rendred into the Christian mens handes sayth he dyuerse Lords tooke their lodgings as they thought good and hanged forth theyr ensignes And as it chaunced the Duke of Austriche placing himselfe in one of the fayrest Palayces of all the Citie put
castelles there to the number of tenne out of king Philips handes An. reg 9. In the meane time the Earle of Flaunders made sore warre agaynste the frenche king for his part and treyning the same kyng within streites so that he was almost enclosed on eche side he constrayned him to agree to such composition as pleased the same Earle to appoynt but afterwardes the frenche king refused to stande to the couenauntes of that agreement and so the warre continued betwixt them as before Rog. Houed At length king Richarde and the frenche king concluded vpon an abstinence of warre to endure from the feast of Saint Hillary for one hole yere One yearâ—…â—…monâ—…elâ—… VVil. Pâ—… purposing in the mean time to make a finall peace and agreement In which season Baldwine Earle of Flaunders came into Englande to doe hys deuotions vnto the shrine where Thomas the Archebishop laye buried at Canterburye The same yeare also somewhat before this time Griffin king 〈◊〉 of VVales dâ—…ed this lyfe Rise ap Griffin king of Wales departed thys life after whose deathe there fell discorde betwixt his sonnes for the succession till the Archebishoppe Hubert went to the marches of that country and made an agreemeÌ„t betwixt them Not long after Roger the brother of Robert earle of Leicester elected bishoppe of Saint Andrewes in Scotland receiued the order of priestehoode and was consecrate bishoppe by the handes of the bishop of Aberdine And this yeare it was ordeigned that measures of all manner of grayne shoulde conteigne one quantitie throughout the Realme that is to say one resonable horselode VVeygâ—…s and measures and that the measures of wine and ale wyth all manner of licours shuld be of one iuste quantitie according to the diuersitie of the licour also that weightes shoulde be of like rate throughout the Realme and that clothe shoulde conteine twoo yardes in breadth within the lists of perfect goodnes throughout aswell in the middes as by the sides and that one manner of yarde shuld be vsed through the realme it was also ordeigned that no marchantes within the Realme shoulde hang anye redde or blacke clothes afore theyr shoppe windowes nor set vp any pentises or other thing whereby to darken the light from those that come to buye theyr clothe so as they might be deceyued in choosing thereof Also it was enacted that there shoulde be foure or syxe substanciall honest menne chosen in euerye towne and lykewyse in Shyres wyth the head officers of Cities and Boroughes whiche hadde a Corporation to see that the Assyses aforesayde were truely kepte and that if anye were founde to be offendyng in the premisses to cause their bodyes to bee attached and committed to prison and their goodes to be seysed to the kings vse And if those that were chosen to haue regarde thereto were tryed to bee negligente so that by other and not by them anye offenders chaunced to bee conuicted afore the Iustices then shoulde the regarders bee put to theyr fynes for the negligente looking to their offices and charge Kyng Richarde helde his Christmasse this yeare at Roan and Huberte the Archbishoppe of Canterburye Legate of the Apostolique sea named Lorde chiefe Iustice of Englande 1198. was aboute the same time in the marches of Wales at Hereforde and there receyued into his handes the Castels of Hereforde Bridgenorth and Ludlow remouing those that had the same in keping Monkes placed agayne in the churche of Couentrie appoynting other in their roomths Afterwards coming by Couentrie he placed y e Monks agayne in the Cathedrall churche of that Citie by commandement of Pope Celestine and chased out the secular Canons whiche the Bishop Hugh Nouant had brought into the same church when he remoued the Monkes In the Christmasse weeke also there came to Rouen messengers from the Archebishoppes of Coleyn and Mentz and from other states of the Empire Messengers froÌ„ the states of Germanie the whiche declared vnto kyng Richard that all the Princes of Germanie were appointed to assemble at Coleyn the .xxij. of Februarie about the choosing of a newe Emperour in place of the late deceassed Henrye and therefore they commaunded him by force of the othe and league in whiche he was bounde to the Emperour and Empire that all excuse of denyal or occasions to the contrary ceassyng and sette a parte he should make his repaire vnto Coleyne at the foresayde daye to helpe them in choosing of some woorthye personage that mighte and was able to haue the Empire King Richard doubting to put hymselfe in daunger bicause he had not discharged all the debte due for his raunsome stayed at home but yet he sent diuers noble men thyther and did so muche in fauour of his nephue Otho that by the helpe of the foresayd two Archbishops of Colemand Mentz the same Otho was elected emperour But of this matter more shall bee sayde hereafter Three hundred knights of mâ—…n of aâ—… to bee founde Moreouer about the same tyme king Richard required by the Archebishop of Canterburye his chiefe Iustice an ayde of .iij. hundred knightes to be founde by his subiectes of England to remain with him in his seruice for one whole yere or else that they woulde giue him so muche money as myght serue to reteyne that number after the rate of .iij. s a daye of Englyshe money for euerye knyghte Whereas all other were contented to be contibutories herein onely Hughe Bishop of Lincoln refused The bishop of Lincâ—…ne and spake sore against the Archbishop that moued the matter But howe so euer that requeste tooke place King Richarde as we fynde leuyed thys yeare a Subsidie of fiue shillings of euery hide of lande within the realme two Commissioners that is to witte one of the Spiritualtie and a knyghte of the Temporaltie being appoynted as Commissioners in euery Shire with the assistance of Sheriffe and others to see the same assessed and rated after an hundred acres of lande to the hyde of lande according to the custome The same yeare also the Monkes of the house of the holye Trinitie The Monâ—… of Christs câ—…che send to Pope comâ—…ning of theiâ—… Archbishopâ—… otherwyse called Christes churche in Canterbury exhibited their complaint vnto Pope Innocent that theyr Archebishoppe Hubert contrary to his order and dignitie exercised the office of highe Iustice and sate in iudgement of bloud beeing so encombred in temporall matters that he could not haue time to discharge his office touchyng Spirituall causes wherevpon the Pope sent vnto kyng Richard The Pope â—…deth to the 〈◊〉 admonishing hym not to suffer the sayde Archebishop to bee any longer troubled with temporall affaires but to dischardge hym thereof and not to admit any spirituall person from thenceforthe vnto any temporall administration He further prohibited by vertue of their obedience all manner of Prelates and menne of the churche that they shoulde not presume rashlye to take vpon them any maner of secular function or
wordes agaynst hym 235.3 Kingdome of Eastangles ceaseth 211.40 Kingdome of East Angles subdued by king Edward 221.101 Kybius Corinnius Bishop of Anglesey 94.55 Kingdome of the South Saxons and the bounds thereof 125.65 Kings and great princes of Ireland come and submyt them selues to king Henry the second 419.60 Kylwarby Robert made Archbishop of CaÌ„terburi 782.38 Kineard and his conspiratours slaine 198.56 Kings of England and Scotland made friendes 708.67 Kingdome of Breâ—â—tia builded 140.6 Kinton Godfrey consecrated Archbyshop of Cantorburye at Rome 755.17 King Edward the fifth kept house at Ludlow pa. 1360. col 1. lin 8. came towarde London lin 7. returned by the Duke of Gloucestar to Northampton pa. 1362. col 1. lin 15. came to London pa. 1363. col 2. lin 34. conuayed to the Towre pa. 1370. col 1. lin 37. murdered Kinewulf slaine 196.40 Kinges of England when â—â—â—â—ly to be to accoumpted 231.94 King Henry the sixt proclaymed pag. 1220. col 1. lin 19. Kildare Earle restored to hys office of lorde Deputie of Ireland 1525.23 Kinarde Ferie Castle razed to the very ground 433.24 Kingdome of Kent bounded 119.6 Kinmatus looke Kynimacus Kings of England and France like pagies attâ—â—d vpon the Popes stirrop 401.74 Kingdome of West Saxons and the bounds therof 131.3 and. 137.79 Kingdome of Eastangles bouÌ„ded 126.85 Kimarus slayne by hys owne subiectes 29.57 Kilkenâ—…y William keeper of the great seale 723.3 Kingdome of East Saxons bounded 131.33 Kynimacus dyeth and is buried at Yorke 22.13 Kingdome of Mercee begun and bounded 143.39 Kirgils looke Cinegiscus 155. Killingworth Castle kept and furnished by the Barons 767.28 deliuered to Kyng Henry the thyrd 777.73 Kyrthling ii Eastangle 235.109 Kynwith Castle 214.67 King Henry the sixte hys part discomfited pa. 1311. col 2. lin 54. fled to Scotland pa. 1312. col 1. line 51. Kyng of Scots supported HeÌ„ry the sixt pag. 1312. col 2. lin 32. King of Churles 259.21 Kingdome of Mercia endeth 218.88 Kentishmen make an hurly burley pag. 1325. col 1. lin 37. Knightes made if they coulde spend xv poundes landes 732.2 and. 743.1 Knightes and men of warre commaunded to cut theyr heares short 359.81 Knights of the Bath pa. 1120. col 2. lin 46. Knightes made pa. 1177. col 1. lin 13. pag. 1187. col 2. lin 11.1189 col 2. lin 29. pa. 1212. col 1. lin 2. Knought sonne to Swanus looke Cnute Knightes see how many acres of land it containeth 312.105 Knightes murtherers of Archbyshop Thomas Becket flee after the deede and their death also described 417.6 Knightes made 1846.44 Knights made 1853.55 Sir Robert Knolles winneth Auxer 962.43 b. Knights made 1578.55 Knights of the Bath pa. 1387. col 1. lin 14. Knights of the Bath made 1560.30 Knights made 1528.30 Knights made 1521.16 Robert Knolles sent into Fraunce with an armie 981 50. a. destroyeth the countrey to Paris 991. a. his byrth 990.55 a. Knights names that slue Archbyshop Thomas Becket 415.61 Knyghts made 1487.27 Knyghts made pag. 1306. col 1. lin 1. Knyghts made 1632.18 and. 1633.50 Knights made 1493.49 Krikelade 252.29 Kreekers see aduenturers L. Lacy Roger sent into Normandie with men of armes 551.107 Lanfranke sickneth and dyeth 320.46 Lanfranke a good husband to the See of Canterburie 320.74 Lawes ordeyned by king William nothing so equal nor easie to be kept as the old lawes of England 303.58 Lammeth Church fyrst founded by Baldwyn Archbyshop of of Canterburie 537.1 rased by the commaundement of the Pope 577.27 and. 539.30 Laurence made Archbyshop of Canterburie 152.61 Laurence reproued for that he went about to forsake his flocke 158.42 Laurence scourged in a vision 158.40 Lacy Hugh conformed in al the landes of Meeth 421.35 Lacye Hugh made keeper of Dublin citie and Lord chiefe Iustice of Ireland 421.40 Lauerdyn Buchard expelleth his father out of the Earledome of Vandosme 432.47 Lawes of king Henry the first commaunded by king Iohn to be obserued in England 582.5 Lambert William translatour of the Saxon lawes into Latine 188.14 Lambert elected Archbyshop of Canterburie 199.23 Lago or Iago cousin to Gurgustius taketh vpon him the Gouernment of Britayn 21.104 Lacy Walter goeth about to take the Lord Curcie prisoner 552.53 Lacy Roger Constable of Chester taken prisoner 556.67 Lawes of the Realme perused and amended 395 44. Blanche Duches of Lancaster dyeth 981.28 a Lawes and officers after the Englishe manner appoynted to be vsed in Ireland by King Iohn 570.4 Langton Stephen chosen Archbyshop of Cantorbury by the Popes appoyntment 564.48 Iohn Duke of Lancastar passeth with an armie through Fraunce 994.2 a. returneth into England 995.12 a Latter thoughtes better aduised than the first 438.26 Lacy Roger Constable of Chester sworne to King Iohn 542.85 Lacy Roger made gouernour of Pomfret Castle 546.13 Lacy Roger delyuereth hys sonne and heyre to K. Iohn as an hostage of his loyaltie faithful obedieÌ„ce 546.14 Laurence Archbyshop of Dublin sent Ambassadour to K. Henry the second 441.95 Labienus one of the Romane Tribunes slayne 39.23 Thomas Earle of Lancastar taken 866.32 b. executed 867.24 a. Iohn Duke of Lancastar passeth into Fraunce with an armie 979.48 a. spoyleth many countryes in France 980.32 a. Langton Thomas Byshop of Winchester dyeth 1455.36 Lanfranke praysed for mayntayning Monkes in Cathedral Churches 320.98 Laton Richard knight sent into Britaine 1434.10 Law nor reason permit the sonne to iudge or condemne the father 405.93 Earles of Lancastar and Lincolne discoÌ„fited 810.27 b. Earle of Lancastar sent into Gascoine 815.31 b. putteth the French men to flyght 815.50 b. dyeth at Bayon 816.27 a. Landed men charged with furniture of warre 925.30 b. Iohn Duke of Lancastar goeth into Scotland 1075.22 b. Iohn Duke of Lancastar goeth into Spaine with an armye 1051.34 a. returneth again 1052.40 b. his daughter promised to the Prince of Spaine 1053.1 a. Duke of Lancaster created Duke of Aquitane 1076.58 a. his creation reuoked 1087.1 b. Duke of Lancaster accused of treason 1004.55 a Iohn Duke of Lancaster made Lieutenant of Aquitain 991.36 a. maryeth the eldest daughter of Peter King of Spaine 991.55 b. Laford Castle 605.30 Duke of Lancastar goeth into Aquitaine 1085.24 a. the Gascoynes denye to obey him 1085.5 b. Lambert alias Iohn Nicholson appealeth and is heard condemned and burnt 1571 50. Edmund of Langley created duke of Yorke 1050.58 a Simon Langham Archbishop of Canterbury made Cardinal 975.32 b Lambert William translated king Edmondes lawes into latine 228.51 Duke of Lancaster gouernor of England 997.44 b Laughing heard in the Romane Courtes Theater no man being there 60.116 Lancaster Castle deliuered to the Bishop of Durham 516 46. Lancaster sword 1119. co 2 lin 26. Latimer burned 1764.54 Henry sonne to the earle of Lancaster created Earle of Derby 900.13 b Laabin one of the names of Hercules 5.103 Henrye Earle of Lancaster against the Queene 892.37 a. Duke of Lancaster goeth to Scotland to treate of peace 1023.55 b. Duke of Lancaster goeth to sea with a Nauie 949.40 b Lanpeder vaur castle buylt
brought into England 178.114 Perthelmus byshop of Whiterne 192.26 Iohn Pecham made Archbyshop of Canterburie 788.46 b. dyeth 806.13 a. Peter Archbyshoppe of Tarensasia 423.112 Petilius Cerialis appoynted Leutenante of Britaine 66.68 Pecham Henry executed for treason 1766 40. Peter Bahuchet hanged at Sluce 909.50 a. Poter dwelling in Red Crosse streete pag. 1358. col 1. lin 47. Iohn Pouderhams knauery 856.33 Peace concluded betweene King Iohn and the king of France with a maryage and other agreementes 548.27 Peace concluded betweene the Erle of Flaunders the French king 548.77 Peace concluded vppon conditions betweene Edmond king of England and Aulafe king of Danes 227.64 Periurie neuer left vnpunished 286.37 Peter pence first payd in England to y e Byshop of Rome 189.1 Peter Byshop of Winchester made gouernour to king Henry the third 617.33 People at Canterbury tithed by the Danes 246.22 Pelagius Heresie renued among the Scots 163.35 Henry Lord Percy put to flight by the Scots 843.10 b. Peace concluded betweene King Edward and Earle Godwin 273.90 Peace breakers betweene king Henry the second and his sonnes excommunicated 457.80 Percie Henry the fourth Earle of Northumberland slayne 1434.40 The Pencioners muster in armour before her Maiestie 1839.42 A lotterie held 1839.46 Percie Henry the first Earle of Northumberland Warden of the whole Marches sueth to be discharged of his office 1522. much mislyked therefore of al men ibidem Peace proclaimed betweene king Henry the third and the Barons 770.28 Petitur and Higanius looke Peredurus and Vigenius Peace between England and Fraunce 966.10 b The Pencioners ordeyned 1574.40 Percie Erle of Worceter breaketh the staffe of his office 1108.13 a. People in al England numbred 312.79 Peter Bressie Captayne of Alnewike Castle pa. 1313. col 2. lin 54. pag. 1315. col 1. lin 24. Percie Thomas made knight after Lord and the next daye Earle of Northumberland 1767.28 rebelleth 1839. his attemptes there afterward fleeth into Scotland 1841.12 is brought out of Scotland and beheaded 1865. Peace concluded betweene William of England and king Malcolme of Scotland vpon conditions 307.60 Peith Iohn 1447.21 Pente Riuer 174.45 Perkin Werbecke pag. 1389. col 2. lin 42. Petronius Turpilianus appointed Lieutenant of Britaine 66.9 Henry Lord Percy sent to the Sea 1058.30 b. Peace concluded betweene K. William Rufus of England and his brother Duke Robert of Normandie vppon conditions 321.68 and. 325.85 Henry Lord Percie created Earle of Northumberland 1006.8 b. Peter the Apostle ware a shauen Crowne 178.30 Peredurus reigne and deth variable among writers 332.1 Peace concluded at Stanes betwixt Henry king of England and Lewes the kings sonne of Fraunce 616.46 Peace with the Scottes pag. 1249. col 2. lin 6. Pestilence pag. 1350. col 2. lin 55. Penius Posthumus slayeth himselfe 65.43 Peter Landeyse pag. 1407. col 2. lin 12. lin 20. lin 50. pag. 1408. col 1. lin 50. col 2. lin 13. lin 47. Petteham Manour made ouer to the Church of Canterbury 327.56 Peace betweene England and Scotland 873.30 a. Pence of the value of two pences coyned 1459.17 Perrottus Nicholas cited 5.42 Thomas Percie created Earle of Worceter 1097.30 b. Alice Perers Concubine to king Edward the third 997 27. a. banished the Realme 1008.45 a. Periurie reuenged by euyl death and affliction 365.48 Perambulations of Forrestes 834.50 a. Peter pence in Ireland to be payed to the Pope 420.112 Peter Courtney byshop of Exceter pa. 1402. col 2. lin 15 Penerel William of Nottingham 369. Pensey Castle deliuered to the king 397.19 Pencaire Dauid cited 7.5 Earle of Penbroke put to flight by Scots 845.16 a. Perdir the wisehard flourisheth 21.65 Penwithstreete 241.40 Peter pence payment confirmed by Ethelwolfus 207.49 Periurie horribly punished 224.20 Pegnalech Abbey 177.49 Peace dishonorable with the Scots 891.47 a Philip K. of France returneth home from the siege of Acres 500.113 practiseth falshode against king Richard the first in his absence in the Holy land 503.5 prouoketh Earle Iohn to forsake his alleageance vnto king Richard the first his brother 509.47 entreth into Normandie with an armie 510.34 Philip Prince of Spayne marrieth Queene Mary 1756.54 his trayne eadem 12. is made knight of the Garter 1759.10 goeth to the Parliament house in his Roabes 2759.36 goeth into Flaunders vnto his father 1764. taketh possession of the lowe Countreys then returneth into England 1766.53 passeth into Flaūders 1767.2 winneth Saint Quintins concludeth peace with the French king 1801.18 Philip the Archduke of Austrich marrieth the heyre of Hispayne 1459.50 cast on the coast of England by storme and saued ead 1. dieth 1460.58 is described 1460.1 Philip king of Fraunce in danger of drowning by fal of a bridge vnder him 527.25 Philips Dauie knight counselour to prince Arthur 1456 52. Philippes Rouland vicar of Croyden famous preacher 1524.44 Philip Byshop of Beauoyes taken prisoner 531.59 Phightiaid the name of the Pictes in British Scottish and Pictish 68.50 Philpot Clement put to death 1580.30 Philip Earle of Flaunders taketh vpon him to goe to the Holy land 439.7 Philip king of Fraunce departeth frō the battaile of Cressey 934.20 b. Philip Duke of Burgongne pag. 1317. col 2. lin 7. dyed pag. 1318. col 1. lin 47. Philip the French king twice in great daunger of taking by Richard the first 111. almost drowned in the riuer of Gethe 536.12 Philip king of Fraunce dyeth 347.106 Philip the French king dyeth 623.4 Philip K. of Fraunce cōmeth to Sangate 942.16 a. sendeth to king Edward to haue an indifferent place for battaile 942.58 a. breaketh vp his armie 942.30 b. Philip Earle of Flaunders made Erle of Kent 327.10 Philip the French king iesteth at king Williams sicknesse 314.54 Philip de Commins pa. 1323. col 1. lin 22. Philip Queene of England dyeth 980.2 a. Philo cited 101.78 Pilgremages abolished 1571.24 Piemont the Prince Emanuell Philibert commeth into England 1762.38 ouerthroweth the French power neare to Saint Quintins 1768.20 marryeth Margaret the French kings Sister 1802.47 Piers of Erton knyght murdered king Richard the second pag. 1129. col 2. lin 54. Pinder Rachel-dooth penance for fayning to bee possessed by the diuel 1870.48 Piers of Gaueston banished 841.1 b. called home and made Earle of Cornewale 847.10 b. marryeth the kings Neece 847.46 b. banished agayne 879.20 a. taken and beheaded 851.20 a Pirats taken by ships of Rie Picts Saxons and Scots inuade the Romane prouince in Britayne 106 60. Pictes and Scots vanquished by the Saxons 112.22 Picts ouerthrowen betweene Lyene and Cere by the Northumbers 190.68 Piers a Legh beheaded 1108.13 b. Picts in league with the English men become Christians 192.39 Pilkinton Thomas attaynted 1425.45 Picts and Scots slayne and chased out of Britayne 100 36. Picts and Scots when first they came to inhabite Brytayne 102.15 Picts require wyues of the Irish Scots 67.55 Picts the first strangers that came into Brytayne to inhabite next after the Romanes 67.65 Peuenessey or Pemsey place in Sussex where Duke william of Normādie landeth his armie 285.65
Geffrey and Iohn ▪ besides two other that died yong as some Authours haue recorded Also three daughters Mawde His daughters maryed vnto Henrie the Duke of Saxonie Elenor the wyfe of Alfonso the eight of that name king of Castel and Ioane gyuen in maryage vnto William king of Sicille He had also two bastarde sonnes by a concubine His base sonns the one named William and the other Geffray Hee was of bodie fleshie and strong The constitution of his bodie and coulde abide very paciently the displeasures both of colde and heate he had a large heade a broade breast a broken voyce and was furthermore verye spare of diet chiefely bycause he would not be too fatte and therefore when he was at quiet without anye trouble of warres he woulde exercise himselfe in hunting or trauayling abroade His stature He was of a good stature and verie well fourmed of a comely countenaunce partly redde heared wyth gray eyes of wit quick and of a perfite good memorie so that he woulde long remember those things whiche he had either read His qualities and conditions of minde hearde or seene Hee was stoute of stomacke and more constant in tyme of aduersitie than in tyme of prosperitie except at the tyme of hys death when beeing destitute in maner of all his friendes hee shewed himselfe almoste in dispayre Hee was liberall towardes all men oftentymes gyuing rewardes to his souldiers ouer and besides theyr wages Radulphus de Diceto Moreouer of nature hee was pitifull towardes the poore as it well appeared by diuerse his charitable deedes as for example When in the yeare .1176 there was a greate dearth and scarcitie of bread in the partyes of Aniou and Mayne hee fedde euery day with sufficient sustenaunce tenne thousande persons from the beginning of Aprill till the time that newe corne was inned and what prouision soeuer was layde vp in Garners Cellers and store houses for the kings necessarie vses he caused the same to be imployed towardes the reliefe of religious houses and poore people Hee tooke of his subiectes but seldome tymes any great trybutes He was very expert in feates of warre and righte fortunate therein He praysed his Captaynes and men of warre when they were deade and lamented their losses more than hee shewed to loue them when they were aliue And this did he of pollicie that they might vnderstande that they shoulde be honoured after death and therefore feare it the lesse He was somewhat learned and also knowne to be wise Radulphus de Diceto His care to haue iustice duly ministred in hys Realme was exceeding greate in so muche that finding how the Sherifes were rather inclyned to seeke theyr owne gayne than to deale vprightly with his subiectes hee appoynted other officers to haue a regarde to their doings as if they had beene comptrollers that they knowing howe there were such appoynted to haue an ouersight in theyr dealings they might bee the more circumspect in theyr duties He ordeyned also punishment for hunters in Forrests and groundes of warren eyther by fining them or by imprisonment And moreouer hee ordeyned that murtherers shoulde suffer death by hanging and so for other transgressors hee appoynted other kindes of punishments as some to be condemned to exile and other to losse of lymmes c. according to the qualitie of the offence committed And to haue the lawes duely executed and iustice vprightly ministred on all handes he was so carefull that hee tried all orders of menne in placing them in roumthes of Iustices And lastly trusting to find among the Cleargie suche as woulde not be corrupted with bribes nor for respect of feare or friendship decline from right iudgement he chose forth the Bishops of Winchester Elie Norwich to be principall Iustices of the Realme so as they might ende and determine al matters except in certain cases reserued to the hearing of the Prince himselfe His vices were these as they are remembred In time of aduerse fortune no man could shewe himselfe more curteous gentle meeke and promising more largely than he woulde But when fortune once began to smile no man was more sharpe harde to deale with nor more readie to breake his promise and fayth He was also noted partly with couetousnesse For although he was liberall towards souldiers straungers yet was he straite ynough towards his owne people and namely towards his sonnes which caused them to estraunge themselues and their good willes from him He was not so zealous toward the execution of right and equitie as to the furtherance of his owne priuate commoditie His incon◅nencie He was out of measure giuen to fleshly lust and satisfying of his inordinate concupiscence For not cōtented with the vse of his wise he kept many concubines but namely he delited most in the companie of a pleasant Damosell whome he cleped the Rose of the world the cōmon people named hir Rosamond Rosamond◅ concubine for hir passing beautie propernesse of person and pleasant wit with other amyable qualities being verily a rare and peerelesse peece in those dayes He made for hir an house at Woodstocke in Oxfordshire like to a Laberinth that is to meane wrought like to a knot in a Gardē called a Maze with suche turnings and windings in and out that no creature might finde hir nor come to hir except he were instructed by the king or suche as were secrete with him in that matter But the common report of the people is that the Queene finally found hir out by a silke threede whiche the king had drawne forth of hir Chamber with his foote and dealt with hir in such sharpe and cruell wise that she lyued not long after She was buried in the Nunrie of Goodstow beside Oxforde with these verses vpon hir tumbe Hic iacet in tumulo Rosa mundi nō Rosamūda Non redolet sed olet quae redolere solet ◅n Higd. Long time after the death of this Damosel in the sayde Abbey was shewed a cofer that sometimes was hirs of the length of two foote in the which appeared Gyauntes fighting stertlyng of Beasts swimming of fishes and flying of foules so liuely that a man mighte wonder at the fine deuice Moreouer King Henry was noted not to bee so fauourable to the liberties and freedomes of the Church as he might haue bin for besides the persecuting of the foresaid Thomas Archbishoppe of Caunterbury hee woulde not suffer the Legates sent from the Pope to enter within the bounds of his dominion till they had sworne that they shuld doe nothing preiudiciall to the customes of hys Kingdome neyther by prescribing orders nor any other manner of acte or meanes ◅is ngligence ◅aydyng the Christians a◅inst the ◅alens Hee was thought to be negligent in ayding the Christian common wealth in the holy land For though hee hadde appoynted twice or thrice to goe thither in person yet being letted by light occasions he stayed at home and sente small reliefe
thither though he was earnestly called vpon for the same Hys estimation was such amongst forraine Princes that Phillip King of Fraunce beeing newly entred into the gouernemente of that Realme after his fathers decesse committed himselfe and hys Kingdome to the disposition and order of Kyng Henry as if he had bin regent of his Realme and gouernour of his person There lyued in the dayes of this King Henry the seconde diuers honorable personages Captaynes of great fame for their approoued valiancie and experience in warlike enterprises as Roberte Earle of Leicester Hugh Biger Earle of Northfolke Reginald Earle of Cornewale Robert Ferers Earle of Derby Richard Lacy Roger Mowbray Raufe de Fulgiers Humfrey Bohun Connestable of England Ranulf Glandeuille William Vescy and Bernard de Balliol â—…le Also there flourished in his time heere in thys land men of singular learning in artes and sciences as Nicholas Breakespeare Serlo surnamed Grammaticus William Rheualensis Adam de Euesham Thomas of Munmouth Adelbertus Leuita Geruasius Cicestrensis Odo CaÌ„tianus Ealred Rhieuellensis Iohannes Sarisburiensis Clemens Lanthoniensis Walter Daniel Robert Knought alias Camtus Roberte Folioth William Ramsey Senatus Brauonus Robert the Scribe Odo Miremuth Hugh of Readyng Richard of Douer WilliaÌ„ of Peterburgh Cicerciensis Bartholmew Iscanus and Gilberte de Sempringham with other And heere to make an ende with this high and mighty Prince Henry the secoÌ„d I haue thought good to make you partaker of an Epitaph which wee fynde in Mathew Paris and others written of hym as followeth An Epitaph of King Henry the seconde REx Henricus eram mihi plurima regnaÌ„ subegi Multiplicique modo duxque comesque fui Cui satis ad votum non essent omnia terrae Climata terra modò sufficit octo pedum Qui legis haec pensa discrimina mortis indè Humanae specula conditionis habe Quod potes instanter operate bonum quia mundus Transit incautos mors inopina rapit An other TVmuli regis superscriptio breuis exornat Sufficit hic tumulus cui non sufficerat orbis Res breuis est ampla cui fuit ampla breuis The first is thus Englished OF late King Henry was my name I. H. whiche conquerde many a lande And diuers Dukedomes did possesse and Earledomes held in hande And yet while all the earth could scarce my greedy mind suffice Eight foote within the ground now serues wherein my carcas lyes Now thou that readest this note well my force with force of death And let that serue to shew the state of all that yeeldeth breath Do good then here foreslowe no time cast off all worldly cares For brittle world full soone doth fayle and death doth strike vnwares The other thus SMall Epitaph now serues to decke this tombe of stately King L. H. And he who whilome thought whole earth could scarce his minde content In little roome hath roome at large that serues now life is spente Richarde the firste An. reg 1. RIcharde the firste of that name and seconde sonne of Henry the second beganne hys raigne ouer England the sixth day of Iuly in the yeare of oure Lord. 1189 1189. in the seuen and thirtith yeare of the Emperour Frederick the first in the eleuenth yere of the raigne of the second Phillip K. of Fraunce VVil. Par. and Kyng William surnamed the Lion as yet liuing in the gouernement of Scotland Mat. Paris At leÌ„gth King Richard remembring himselfe of his mother Queene Eleanor which had beene separated from the bed of hir husband for the space of sixteene yeres and was as yet deteyned in prison in Englande wrote his letters vnto the Rulers of the Realme The King mother set at libertie commaunding them to set hir agayne at libertie and withall appoynted hir by his letters pateÌ„ts to take vpon hir the whole gouernement of the Kingdome in his absence The Queene being thus deliuered and hauing nowe the chiefe authoritie and rule in hir hands she rode in progresse about the Realme to see y e estate therof and as shee passed froÌ„ place to place she shewed gladsome countenance to the people wheresoeuer she became doing also what she could to pleasure theÌ„ that she might therby win their good willes to hir and to hir sonne but specially remembring by hir late experience and tast thereof what an irksome and most greeuous thing imprisonmente was she caused the iayles to be opened and forthwith set no small number of prisoners at libertie by the way as she passed through the couÌ„treys according to the verse of Virgill Non ignara mali miseris suceurrere disco Which may be thus englished By proofe earst had of others ill Their woe to ease I learne the skill In the meane time King Richard concluding a league with Phillippe King of Fraunce receyueth all those places againe which were taken froÌ„ his father by the same Phillip togither with his wife Adela whom vpon suspition that she had bin dishonested in hir person before without any sufficient proofe therof had he forsaketh sendeth hir home with hir dower and otherwise with greate and princely giftes most bountifully enriched hauing already concluded a marriage with the Lady Berengaria daughter to Garsias Kyng of Nauarre who was sente into Sicill vnto hir syster Ioane that hee mighte marry hir there as hee passed that way toward the holy lande Moreouer vnto William Marshall he gaue in marriage the daughter of Richard Erle of Chepstow togither with the Earledome which hir father possessed and to Gilbert Fitz Roger the son of Ramfrey he gaue the daughter of William de Loncaster After he was landed as before ye haue heard he hasted to Winchester where his mother Queene Eleanor with the most part of the English nobilite hadde layne a good space to attende his comming and there on the euen of the assumption of our Lady the King was by them receyued with great ioy and triumph VVi. Paruus Vpon this day of King Richards CoronatioÌ„ the Iewes y t dwelt in LondoÌ„ and in other parties of the Realm being there assembled had but sory hap as it chanced for they meaning to honor the same Coronation with their presence and to present to the K. some honorable gift The Iewes meant to preâ—…ent him with 〈◊〉 rich gifte whereby they might declare themselues glad for his aduauncement and procure his friendship toward them for the confirming of their priuiledges and liberties according to the grauntes and charters made to them by the former Kings King Richard of a zelous minde to Christes Religion Math. Paris abhorring their nation and doubting some sorcerie by them to be practised commaunded that they should not come within the Church when he should receyue the Crowne nor within the Palace whilest hee was at dinner But at dinner time among other that pressed in at the Palace gate diuers of the Iewes were about to thrust in till one of them was striken by