〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d for_o a_o foenerator_n a_o usurer_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d profit_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d profitable_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d unprofitable_a unthrifty_a or_o else_o which_o i_o rather_o think_v from_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d villanus_fw-la colonus_n as_o the_o old_a version_n of_o the_o 19_o &_o 21th_o of_o k._n ina_n law_n render_v the_o word_n which_o come_v all_o to_o one_o with_o ceorliscus_n speak_v of_o in_o that_o second_o chapter_n of_o the_o foedus_fw-la aluredi_fw-la &_o guthruni_fw-la regum_fw-la and_o there_o describe_v by_o his_o quality_n to_o be_v oâ—e_o that_o occupy_v etc._n gafolland_n as_o for_o the_o remain_v two_o inland_a utland_n the_o former_a be_v terra_fw-la dominicalis_fw-la land_n hold_v in_o demesne_n in_o the_o owner_n own_o hand_n and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n design_v in_o mensam_fw-la domini_fw-la whence_o otherwise_o stilâ—d_n in_o succeed_a time_n bord-land_n like_o the_o civilian_n and_o canonist_n bona_fw-la ad_fw-la mensâ—m_fw-la and_o in_o this_o respect_n may_v not_o unfit_o be_v refer_v to_o bocland_n regular_o of_o like_a property_n the_o latter_a contrariwise_o like_o gafolland_n and_o neatland_n be_v land_n let_v out_o and_o in_o opposition_n to_o demesne_n land_n term_v in_o servitio_fw-la or_o tenementâ—lis_n that_o be_v grant_v out_o in_o service_n by_o the_o lord_n to_o his_o tenant_n to_o be_v hold_v of_o himself_o and_o so_o we_o may_v parallel_v it_o as_o with_o gafolland_n and_o neatland_n so_o with_o folcland_n be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n like_o the_o frenchman_n fief_a sâ—rvant_n i._o terra_fw-la serviens_fw-la in_o respect_n whereof_o the_o tenant_n be_v bind_v to_o be_v retainer_n attendant_n and_o follower_n to_o their_o lord_n suitor_n to_o their_o court_n and_o be_v thence_o call_v in_o the_o term_n of_o hen._n 1._o law_n take_v up_o afterward_o of_o 10._o bracton_n folgarii_n concern_v which_o see_v further_a in_o sir_n hen._n spelman_n glossary_a verb._n folgare_a &_o folgarii_n as_o also_o in_o the_o law_n of_o king_n knute_n par_fw-fr 2._o cap._n 19_o beside_o these_o sort_n of_o land_n after_o age_n since_o the_o conquest_n produce_v many_o other_o such_o as_o work-land_n cot-land_n aver-land_n drof-land_n swilling-land_n molland_n ber-land_n smiths-land_n beware_v land_n terra_fw-la susanna_n forland_n bord-land_n and_o such_o like_a of_o each_o of_o which_o for_o some_o satisfaction_n to_o the_o inquisitive_a in_o a_o word_n or_o two_o the_o first_o work-land_n be_v land_n of_o a_o servile_a nature_n and_o work-land_n condition_n terra_fw-la servilis_fw-la as_o i_o find_v it_o call_v as_o also_o what_o indeed_o the_o word_n sound_v terra_fw-la operaria_fw-la because_o haply_o at_o the_o creation_n of_o the_o manor_n and_o distribution_n of_o it_o into_o parcel_n charge_v with_o servile_a work_n such_o as_o plough_v and_o harrow_n the_o lord_n aâ—able_a ground_n mow_v tass_v and_o carry_v in_o his_o hay_n sow_v weed_n reap_v and_o in_v his_o corn_n make_v and_o mend_v his_o fence_n thatch_v his_o barn_n and_o such_o like_a charge_v i_o say_v with_o servile_a work_n and_o not_o with_o cens_n or_o rent_n or_o if_o also_o with_o rent_n yet_o of_o the_o twain_o more_o especial_o with_o work_n and_o therefore_o contradistinct_a and_o opposite_a to_o gavelland_n which_o be_v land_n liable_a to_o cens_n or_o rent_n or_o if_o also_o to_o work_n yet_o chief_o to_o rend_v both_o one_o and_o tother_o be_v denominate_v from_o what_o be_v the_o more_o eminent_a service_n arise_v from_o they_o hereof_o some_o footstep_n visible_a in_o the_o 66._o of_o king_n ina_n law_n the_o second_o cot-land_n that_o belong_v unto_o and_o occupy_v cot-land_n by_o the_o cotarii_fw-la cotsetâ—_n or_o cotmanni_n a_o sort_n of_o base_a tenant_n so_o call_v from_o certain_a cotes_n or_o cottage_n small_a shed_n like_o sheep-cote_n with_o some_o little_a modicum_n or_o parcel_n of_o land_n adjoin_v original_o assign_v out_o unto_o they_o in_o respect_n and_o recompense_v of_o their_o undergo_n such_o like_a servile_a work_n or_o base_a service_n for_o their_o lord_n as_o before_z express_v the_o three_o aver-land_n much_o the_o same_o with_o that_o land_n before_o call_v work-land_n come_v of_o the_o french_a ouurer_n to_o work_v or_o labour_n but_o chief_o differ_v from_o that_o in_o this_o particular_a that_o the_o service_n thereof_o consist_v especial_o in_o carriage_n as_o of_o the_o lord_n corn_n into_o the_o barn_n to_o market_n fair_n and_o elsewhere_o or_o of_o his_o domestic_a utensil_n or_o houshold-provision_n from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o which_o service_n be_v of_o diverse_a kind_n sometime_o by_o horse_n thence_o call_v horse-average_a otherwhile_o by_o foot_n horse-average_a thence_o term_v foot-average_a one_o while_o within_o the_o precinct_n foot-average_a of_o the_o manor_n thence_o name_v in-average_a another_o in-average_a while_n without_o and_o then_o call_v out-average_a the_o out-aveâ—agâ—_a tenant_n in_o the_o mean_a while_n be_v know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o avermannus_n the_o four_o drof-land_n that_o hold_v by_o the_o service_n drof-land_n of_o drive_v as_o well_o of_o distress_n take_v for_o the_o lord_n use_v as_o of_o the_o lord_n cattle_n from_o place_n to_o place_n as_o to_z and_o from_o market_n fair_n and_o the_o like_a more_o particular_o here_o in_o kent_n of_o drive_v the_o lord_n hog_n or_o swine_n to_o and_o from_o the_o weald_n of_o kent_n and_o the_o denn_n there_o thence_o call_v of_o old_a drofden_n namely_o from_o the_o drove_n of_o hog_n drofdens_fw-la send_v thither_o and_o there_o feed_v and_o fat_v with_o mast_n or_o pawnage_n the_o driver_n whereof_o be_v vulgar_o call_v drofmannâ—u_n the_o five_o swilling-land_n that_o let_v out_o or_o occupy_v swilling-land_n by_o swilling_n swollings_n or_o sulling_n that_o be_v plough-land_n come_v of_o the_o saxon_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o plough_n in_o which_o notion_n the_o word_n may_v extend_v to_o all_o arable_a land_n the_o quantity_n whereof_o be_v various_a and_o uncertain_a contain_v more_o or_o less_o according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o land_n a_o plough_n be_v able_a to_o master_v a_o great_a or_o lesser_a quantity_n thereafter_o as_o it_o be_v in_o quality_n this_o of_o swilling_n i_o find_v to_o be_v a_o word_n proper_a to_o the_o kentish_a even_o from_o the_o conqueror_n time_n to_o look_v no_o high_a who_o survey_n common_o call_v domesday-book_n show_v sul_v and_o the_o like_a to_o have_v be_v a_o term_n in_o those_o day_n peculiar_a to_o this_o county_n whereby_o to_o express_v the_o quantity_n of_o their_o land_n while_o hide_v and_o the_o like_a be_v of_o like_a use_n elsewhere_o to_o this_o head_n may_v be_v refer_v hide-land_n rodland_n yokeland_n akerland_n rodland_n and_o the_o like_a be_v quantity_n or_o portion_n of_o land_n let_v out_o and_o occupy_v by_o the_o hide_n yoke_n acre_n rod_n etc._n etc._n and_o denominate_v according_o the_o six_o mol-land_n be_v the_o same_o with_o upland_n mol-land_n of_o the_o saxon_n call_v dunland_n stand_v in_o opposition_n to_o meadow-land_n mershland_n or_o low-land_n the_o tenant_n whereof_o be_v wont_n to_o be_v call_v molmannus_n the_o word_n as_o i_o conceive_v be_v derivable_a from_o the_o latin_a mole_n a_o heap_n of_o which_o see_v further_a in_o the_o surveyor_n dialogue_n hence_o probable_o the_o name_n of_o that_o place_n in_o ash_n the_o seat_n and_o patrimony_n aâ—_n this_o day_n and_o from_o good_a antiquity_n of_o the_o harflet_n former_o of_o the_o septvans_n family_n both_o in_o their_o time_n adorn_v with_o knighthood_n call_v molland_n be_v of_o a_o advantageous_a situation_n for_o the_o overlooking_a of_o a_o large_a level_n of_o a_o rich_a mershland_n the_o seven_o ber-land_n that_o which_o be_v hold_v by_o the_o ber-land_n service_n of_o bear_v or_o carry_v the_o lord_n or_o his_o steward_n provision_n of_o victual_n or_o the_o like_a in_o their_o remove_n from_o place_n to_o place_n such_o tenant_n be_v thence_o call_v â—ermâ—nnus_fw-la the_o eight_o smiths-land_n that_o in_o respect_n whereof_o smiths-land_n the_o tenant_n be_v bind_v as_o to_o undergo_v the_o smith_n or_o farrier_n office_n and_o work_n in_o and_o about_o shoe_v his_o lord_n horse_n and_o carriage_n so_o also_o to_o find_v and_o furnish_v he_o with_o material_n of_o iron_n for_o that_o purpose_n the_o nine_o wareland_n the_o same_o that_o otherwise_o wareland_n call_v in_o the_o latin_a of_o the_o time_n terra_fw-la warectata_fw-la or_o terrajacens_n ad_fw-la warectam_fw-la that_o be_v land_n lie_v or_o suffer_v to_o lie_v â—allow_a come_v from_o the_o french_a garé_n their_o g_o hear_v as_o in_o many_o other_o word_n be_v turn_v into_o our_o w_n whence_o with_o they_o terre_n garée_v for_o old_a fallow-ground_n the_o ten_o terra_fw-la susanna_n land_n not_o much_o unlike_a terra-susanna_a unto_o if_o not_o the_o same_o with_o the_o former_a be_v superannuated_a land_n or_o land_n with_o over_o much_o tillage_n
property_n incident_a to_o our_o gavelkynd_n it_o may_v and_o no_o doubt_n but_o do_v differ_v from_o it_o beside_o that_o such_o partible_a land_n elsewhere_o shall_v be_v call_v gavelkynd_n will_v not_o stand_v with_o out_o premise_a ground_n exclude_v prescription_n in_o gavelkynd_n land_n whereas_o in_o such_o place_n abroad_o though_o haply_o not_o in_o whole_a county_n yet_o in_o particular_a manor_n i_o conceive_v it_o be_v necessary_a even_o in_o their_o gavellond_n whereof_o i_o find_v mention_v make_v in_o several_a manor_n out_o of_o kent_n as_o some_o in_o kent_n to_o show_v quod_fw-la terra_fw-la illa_fw-la à _fw-la toto_fw-la tempore_fw-la etc._n etc._n partibilis_fw-la fuit_fw-la &_o partita_fw-la the_o accustomable_a actual_a partition_n of_o it_o be_v there_o as_o necessary_a to_o be_v plead_v and_o prove_v as_o its_o capability_n of_o such_o a_o property_n add_v hereunto_o that_o if_o all_o partible_a land_n be_v gavelkynd_n render_v such_o by_o partition_n alone_o then_o be_v â—â—_o bracton_n sicut_fw-la de_fw-fr gavelkynd_n vel_fw-la alibi_fw-la ubi_fw-la terra_fw-la est_fw-la partibilis_fw-la ratione_fw-la terrae_fw-la a_o improper_a expression_n we_o be_v tell_v that_o this_o custom_n of_o gavelkynd_n partition_n take_v place_n have_v do_v at_o least_o in_o other_o country_n or_o county_n beside_o kent_n and_o littleton_n instance_v in_o north-wales_n but_o what_o custom_n i_o pray_v a_o custom_n indeed_o like_v to_o that_o in_o the_o scottish_a 27._o socage_n land_n of_o partition_n that_o be_v true_a and_o testimony_n of_o it_o be_v obvious_a such_o as_o beside_o that_o of_o littleton_n statutum_n walliae_n the_o welsh_a history_n and_o some_o act_n of_o 207._o parliament_n but_o still_o i_o say_v no_o gavelkynd-custome_n take_v in_o its_o true_a plenary_a and_o complete_a acception_n comprise_v all_o the_o property_n of_o it_o obvious_a in_o the_o custumal_a as_o then_o for_o other_o countrymen_n communicate_v with_o we_o of_o kent_n in_o the_o tenure_n i_o conceive_v it_o first_o come_v up_o by_o way_n of_o imitation_n of_o our_o example_n in_o ireland_n especial_o and_o among_o the_o welshman_n in_o who_o vocabulary_a or_o dictionary_n the_o word_n be_v seek_v in_o vain_a as_o it_o be_v also_o in_o that_o old_a statute_n which_o concern_v they_o statutum_n walliae_fw-la where_o though_o mention_n may_v be_v find_v of_o a_o custom_n there_o obtain_v of_o partition_n of_o their_o land_n like_v to_o that_o of_o our_o kentish_a gavelkynd_n yet_o without_o any_o one_o word_n of_o gavelkynd_n and_o if_o perhaps_o it_o may_v be_v find_v in_o their_o deed_n charter_n or_o other_o record_n yet_o as_o one_o 168._o say_v in_o a_o case_n not_o much_o unlike_a condition_v to_o this_o of_o we_o who_o word_n with_o very_o little_a variation_n i_o shall_v therefore_o take_v up_o here_o suspicari_fw-la licet_fw-la hanc_fw-la voâ—em_fw-la pluribus_fw-la illorum_fw-la chartis_fw-la actisque_fw-la publicis_fw-la nâ—n_fw-la tam_fw-la illorum_fw-la quam_fw-la pragmaticorum_fw-la usu_fw-la ac_fw-la instituto_fw-la invectam_fw-la i_o e._n it_o be_v to_o be_v suspect_v that_o it_o have_v its_o imposition_n and_o be_v first_o transmit_v hither_o by_o our_o lawyer_n who_o borrow_v the_o term_n to_o make_v use_n of_o it_o for_o illustration_n sake_n like_v as_o of_o late_a i_o be_o persuade_v the_o parliament_n do_v in_o that_o stat._n 34._o hen._n 8_o cap._n 26._o where_o the_o term_n of_o gavelkynd_n haply_o be_v but_o borrow_v to_o help_v describe_v and_o illustrate_v that_o partible_a quality_n there_o mention_v of_o the_o land_n in_o wales_n which_o i_o be_o the_o more_o induce_v to_o conceive_v because_o in_o a_o former_a statute_n concern_v wales_n namely_o that_o of_o the_o 27_o of_o the_o same_o king_n cap._n 26._o make_v mention_n of_o this_o partition_n gavelkynd_n be_v not_o at_o all_o remember_v in_o imitation_n then_o as_o i_o conceive_v of_o the_o kentish-man_n the_o generality_n of_o who_o partible_a land_n of_o long_a time_n have_v notorious_o be_v know_v by_o that_o title_n and_o who_o land_n alone_o of_o all_o the_o county_n of_o england_n at_o this_o day_n be_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o gavelkynd_n of_o common_a â—_o right_n this_o name_n or_o term_v of_o gavelkynd_n in_o land_n elsewhere_o of_o like_a condition_n in_o matter_n of_o descent_n have_v be_v take_v up_o and_o be_v retain_v by_o that_o which_o have_v be_v say_v i_o may_v be_v think_v to_o objection_n incline_v to_o their_o opinion_n who_o hold_v that_o socage_n and_o gavelkynd_n be_v synonyma_fw-la term_n identical_a and_o of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o signification_n here_o in_o kent_n and_o that_o consequent_o what_o land_n here_o be_v of_o gavelkynd-nature_n be_v of_o socage-tenure_n as_o on_o the_o other_o side_n what_o land_n be_v of_o socage-tenure_n be_v of_o gavelkynd-nature_n i_o answer_v no_o solution_n for_o i_o require_v in_o this_o case_n i_o mean_v to_o make_v socage_n land_n here_o in_o kent_n ipso_fw-la facto_fw-la partible_fw-fr after_o the_o custom_n of_o gavelkynd_n that_o it_o be_v grant_v out_o and_o hold_v in_o gavelkynd_n 9_o express_o or_o in_o term_n equivalent_a as_o i_o say_v before_o yet_o with_o that_o distinction_n ofttimes_o wherewith_o i_o there_o qualify_v it_o notwithstanding_o i_o be_o not_o of_o their_o mind_n who_o distinguish_v between_o free_a and_o base_a socage_n in_o kent_n make_v the_o nature_n of_o their_o descent_n divers_a the_o free_a socage_n say_v they_o descend_v to_o the_o elder_a alone_a the_o base_a fall_n in_o division_n between_o he_o and_o all_o his_o brethren_n thus_o 593._o mr._n lambard_n in_o the_o person_n of_o other_o to_o help_v justify_v who_o distinction_n with_o the_o inference_n upon_o it_o he_o there_o exhibit_v a_o inquisition_n take_v after_o the_o death_n of_o one_o walter_n culpepper_n make_v mention_n of_o divers_a parcel_n of_o land_n and_o annual_a rent_n hold_v by_o the_o decease_a at_o his_o death_n some_o in_o liberum_fw-la feodum_fw-la other_o in_o gavelkynd_n the_o former_a of_o which_o by_o the_o verdict_n of_o the_o jury_n be_v to_o go_v to_o the_o decease_v elder_a son_n 11._o alone_o the_o latter_a in_o common_a among_o he_o and_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o brethren_n thus_o the_o inquisition_n which_o as_o mr._n lambard_n there_o follow_v it_o clear_o distinguish_v free_a socage_n from_o the_o gavelkynd_n interpret_n it_o seem_v liberum_fw-la feodum_fw-la there_o by_o free_a socage_n and_o it_o may_v be_v right_o however_o i_o crave_v leave_n of_o dissent_n and_o as_o it_o be_v but_o fit_a shall_v give_v my_o reason_n for_o my_o part_n i_o never_o find_v free_a socage_n any_o where_o express_v by_o that_o term_n or_o in_o latin_a render_v liberum_fw-la feodum_fw-la nor_o perhaps_o to_o those_o of_o more_o diligence_n and_o more_o conversant_a with_o our_o law-record_n than_o myself_o have_v it_o ever_o occur_v under_o that_o notion_n nor_o have_v i_o meet_v with_o any_o free_a socage_n as_o this_o here_o not_o subject_a to_o the_o render_n of_o some_o kind_n of_o service_n either_o in_o denariu_n or_o otherwise_o by_o liberum_fw-la feodum_fw-la i_o understand_v sometime_o feodum_fw-la feodum_fw-la militare_fw-la which_o be_v often_o in_o old_a record_n call_v liberum_fw-la feodum_fw-la in_o a_o very_a ancient_a cant._n rental_a of_o southmal_v manor_n in_o sussex_n we_o have_v this_o title_n liberi_fw-la feodi_fw-la and_o under_o it_o godefridus_n walensis_n tenet_fw-la 111_o feodos_fw-la milit_fw-la in_fw-it tenemento_fw-it de_fw-it malling_n &_o quartam_fw-la partem_fw-la unius_fw-la feodi_fw-la apud_fw-la ter_v per_fw-la liberum_fw-la servitium_fw-la armorum_fw-la suorum_fw-la willmus_fw-la de_fw-la bransa_n tenuit_fw-la apud_fw-la adburton_n unum_fw-la feodum_fw-la militis_fw-la per_fw-la liberum_fw-la servitium_fw-la armorum_fw-la suorum_fw-la and_o so_o some_o other_o apposite_z here_o be_v that_o of_o â—_o bracton_n notandum_fw-la say_v he_o quoth_v in_o servitio_fw-la militari_fw-la non_fw-la dicitur_fw-la per_fw-la liberum_fw-la servitium_fw-la &_o ideo_fw-la quiaconstat_fw-la quod_fw-la feodum_fw-la tale_n liberum_fw-la est_fw-la etc._n etc._n sometime_o also_o by_o liberum_fw-la feodum_fw-la i_o understand_v what_o i_o conceive_v it_o do_v principal_o denote_v unto_o we_o frank_n fee_n that_o be_v by_o the_o feudist_n definition_n such_o prâ—_n quâ—_n nullum_fw-la omninâ—_n servitium_fw-la 353._o praestatur_fw-la and_o therefore_o be_v of_o they_o reckon_v inter_fw-la feudastra_fw-mi or_o feuda_fw-la impropria_fw-la and_o such_o as_o this_o seem_v to_o be_v mean_v by_o liberum_fw-la feâ—dum_fw-la in_o that_o inquisition_n because_o it_o be_v there_o in_o terminis_fw-la express_v to_o be_v hold_v just_a after_o the_o manner_n of_o frank_n fee_n by_o the_o precedent_a definition_n of_o it_o absque_fw-la aliquo_fw-la servitio_fw-la inde_fw-la faciendo_fw-la and_o if_o frank_n fee_n then_o in_o probability_n not_o socage_n for_o as_o all_o the_o land_n in_o the_o realm_n say_v our_o book_n be_v either_o ancient_n demesne_n or_o frank_n fee_n so_o none_o say_v they_o be_v to_o be_v account_v ancient_n demesne_n but_o such_o as_o be_v hold_v in_o fitzherbert_n socage_n
frank_n fee_fw-mi then_o be_v oppose_v to_o ancient_n demesne_n which_o be_v socage_n can_v itself_o be_v socage_n nor_o will_n bractons_n distinction_n of_o socage_n into_o liberum_fw-la and_o villanum_fw-la apply_v to_o that_o difference_n in_o mr._n lambard_n of_o free_a and_o base_a socage_n by_o which_o the_o one_o shall_v consist_v of_o money_n and_o the_o other_o of_o base_a service_n be_v warrant_v as_o himself_o there_o observe_v from_o the_o ensue_a inquisition_n some_o land_n be_v therein_o denote_v to_o be_v of_o gavelkynd-nature_n which_o nevertheless_o do_v yield_v none_o other_o but_o money_n alone_o and_o none_o there_o of_o that_o nature_n charge_v with_o work_n beside_o that_o of_o suit_n of_o court_n improper_o call_v work_n as_o not_o come_v under_o the_o notion_n either_o of_o manuopera_n or_o carropera_n to_o which_o double_a head_n all_o work_n of_o this_o kind_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v refer_v hence_o let_v none_o persuade_v themselves_o that_o gavelkynd-land_n be_v not_o or_o by_o its_o nature_n be_v not_o liable_a to_o work_n for_o albeit_o that_o 66._o of_o king_n ina_n law_n in_o the_o archaion_n seem_v to_o counter-distinguish_a gafol_n and_o wâ—rk_v and_o though_o moreover_o gafolland_n and_o werkland_n werkland_n occur_v in_o some_o manor_n out_o of_o kent_n as_o of_o a_o distinct_a and_o different_a nature_n yet_o both_o servile_a and_o oppose_v to_o what_o there_o be_v call_v terra_fw-la libera_fw-la denote_v i_o suppose_v free_a socage_n yet_o most_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o both_o gablum_fw-la and_o opera_fw-la do_v often_o meet_v and_o be_v find_v in_o gavelkynd-land_n witness_v the_o old_a custumal_a of_o monkton_n manor_n in_o thanet_n belong_v to_o the_o church_n of_o canterbury_n mention_v the_o particular_n of_o what_o servile_a work_v the_o tenant_n there_o stand_v charge_v with_o for_o the_o 18_o swolings_n so_o many_o plough-land_n i_o take_v 211._o it_o hold_v of_o the_o monk_n in_o gavelkynd_n witness_v also_o this_o passage_n in_o king_n john_n charter_n make_v to_o hubert_n the_o archbishop_n for_o the_o change_a gavelkynd-land_n into_o knights-fee_n at_o large_a exemplify_v by_o mr._n lambard_n peramb_v pag._n 531._o xenia_n averagia_n &_o alia_fw-la opera_fw-la quae_fw-la fiebant_fw-la de_fw-la terris_fw-la iisdem_fw-la convertantur_fw-la in_o redditum_fw-la denariorum_fw-la aequivalentur_fw-la witness_v in_o the_o three_o and_o last_o place_n not_o to_o multiply_v instance_n in_o a_o case_n so_o clear_a a_o inquisition_n find_v after_o the_o death_n of_o isabel_n de_fw-fr monte_fw-fr alto_fw-mi widow_n sometime_o of_o orpington_n record_v in_o a_o lieger_n of_o that_o cathedral_n whereof_o expect_v a_o copy_n in_o the_o appendix_n scriptura_fw-la 10._o it_o be_v true_a indeed_o at_o this_o day_n and_o time_n out_o of_o mind_n haply_o from_o richard_n the_o second_o lazzi_n time_n such_o servile_a work_n proper_o call_v villein-service_n have_v be_v as_o they_o still_o be_v intermit_v or_o rather_o quite_o cease_v insomuch_o as_o all_o our_o gavelkynd-land_n in_o point_n of_o service_n now_o differ_v nothing_o from_o free_a socage_n as_o it_o stand_v describe_v and_o define_v of_o bracton_n be_v such_o ubi_fw-la fit_a servitium_fw-la in_o denariis_fw-la to_o use_v his_o own_o word_n all_o the_o tenant_n burden_n his_o whole_a service_n be_v only_a servitium_fw-la crumenae_fw-la pecuniary_a such_o as_o payment_n of_o money_n for_o rent_n suit_n of_o court_n and_o such_o like_a nay_o in_o many_o grant_v of_o land_n in_o gavelkynd_n that_o i_o have_v see_v i_o find_v no_o tie_n at_o all_o upon_o the_o tenant_n no_o covenant_n or_o contract_n between_o his_o lord_n and_o he_o to_o require_v of_o he_o any_o such_o base_a service_n there_o be_v ut_fw-la communiter_fw-la and_o regular_o a_o reservation_n only_o of_o rent_n in_o money_n suit_n to_o his_o court_n or_o the_o like_a yet_o i_o must_v tell_v you_o as_o a_o reason_n hereof_o in_o my_o judgement_n that_o though_o gavelkynd_n in_o the_o genuine_a sense_n sound_a land_n let_v for_o gable_n cens_fw-la or_o rend_v consist_v chief_o in_o denariis_fw-la whence_o in_o a_o old_a cant._n custumal_a of_o eastry_n manor_n in_o kent_n i_o read_v in_o eodem_fw-la manerio_fw-la mutati_fw-la sunt_fw-la octo_fw-la cotarii_fw-la pro_fw-la gavelkende_v medlefâ—rm_v tenet_fw-la unum_fw-la messuagium_fw-la tres_fw-la acras_fw-la quae_fw-la solent_fw-la esse_fw-la cotar_n modo_fw-la reddit_fw-la xl_o d._n de_fw-fr gablo_fw-mi and_o so_o divers_a more_o which_o haply_o will_v be_v better_o understand_v if_o i_o add_v what_o occurr_n in_o a_o old_a accompt-roll_n of_o the_o archbishop_n manor_n for_o the_o year_n 1230._o in_o charing_n bailive_v receipt_n et_fw-fr de_fw-fr xiij_o s._n iiij_o d._n the_o fine_a cotariorum_n ut_fw-la coteriae_fw-la suae_fw-la ponerentur_fw-la ad_fw-la redditum_fw-la yet_o common_o upon_o such_o grant_v in_o gavelkynd_n the_o tenant_n pareâ—d_v with_o such_o a_o sum_n of_o money_n to_o his_o lord_n in_o gersumam_fw-la i._n e._n in_o consideration_n of_o gersuma_n that_o grant_n and_o by_o way_n of_o fine_a as_o may_v seem_v equivalent_a to_o the_o base_a service_n otherwise_o imposeable_a and_o to_o have_v be_v charge_v upon_o that_o land_n and_o upon_o the_o tenant_n in_o respect_n thereof_o or_o if_o not_o probable_o as_o in_o gavelkynd-land_n by_o virtue_n of_o king_n john_n forementioned_a charter_n turn_v into_o knights-fee_n he_o have_v his_o rent_n enhance_v and_o augment_v to_o a_o equivalent_a value_n of_o his_o service_n to_o be_v redeem_v the_o cause_n in_o chief_a of_o the_o excuse_n of_o gavelkynd-man_n from_o base_a service_n of_o latter_a time_n and_o at_o this_o day_n be_v i_o conceive_v no_o other_o than_o the_o tenant_n buy_v they_o out_o and_o consequent_o the_o change_n of_o the_o same_o as_o littleton_n have_v it_o of_o socage_n in_o general_n into_o money_n by_o the_o mutual_a consent_n of_o lord_n and_o tenant_n whereof_o expect_v some_o example_n to_o be_v present_v in_o the_o appendix_n scripture_n 11_o and_o 12._o in_o the_o mean_a time_n have_v here_o a_o instance_n or_o two_o take_v from_o some_o old_a accompt-roll_n of_o the_o archbishop_n manor_n of_o this_o and_o that_o sum_n pay_v &_o receive_v for_o enfranchise_v the_o land_n from_o custom_n and_o service_n and_o change_v it_o into_o knights-fee_n whereof_o in_o the_o last-remembred_n accompt-roll_n and_o in_o the_o receipt_n of_o ceâ—ring_v now_o call_v charing_n manor_n there_o et_fw-fr de_fw-fr ij_o s._n ix_o d._n ob_fw-la de_fw-fr incremento_fw-la redditus_fw-la thomae_fw-la de_fw-la bernfeuld_fw-mi de_fw-fr termino_fw-la sancti_fw-la johannis_n ut_fw-la terra_fw-la sua_fw-la de_fw-la caetero_fw-la sit_fw-la libera_fw-la de_fw-la consuetudinibus_fw-la per_fw-la feodum_fw-la militis_fw-la et_fw-fr de_fw-fr fourteen_o d._n quad_a de_fw-fr incremento_fw-la redditus_fw-la thomae_fw-la de_fw-la bend_v ut_fw-la terra_fw-la sua_fw-la sit_fw-la libera_fw-la per_fw-la feodum_fw-la militis_fw-la de_fw-la termino_fw-la s._n johannis_n and_o so_o some_o other_o there_o as_o also_o in_o maidstone_n and_o other_o archiepiscopal_a manor_n and_o such_o may_v well_o be_v reckon_v among_o land_n of_o that_o sort_n which_o in_o a_o copy_n of_o the_o book_n of_o aid_n cite_v by_o 533._o mr_n lambard_n be_v note_v to_o be_v hold_v in_o knights-service_n per_fw-la novam_fw-la licentiam_fw-la archiepiscopi_fw-la but_o to_o return_v to_o our_o gavelkynd_n which_o if_o not_o extensive_a to_o free_a socage_n they_o may_v seem_v to_o stand_v in_o need_n at_o this_o day_n of_o some_o other_o character_n to_o keep_v they_o unconfound_v than_o bracton_n in_o the_o definition_n and_o description_n of_o the_o latter_a do_v propose_v in_o regard_n the_o service_n of_o both_o equal_o consist_v in_o money_n to_o recapitulate_v now_o what_o have_v be_v deliver_v concern_v partition_n in_o kentish_a gavelkynd-land_n it_o be_v as_o have_v be_v show_v neither_o from_o the_o name_n nor_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o land_n alone_o nor_o from_o prescription_n nor_o yet_o from_o any_o particular_a custom_n that_o this_o property_n there_o proceed_v but_o partly_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o land_n and_o partly_o from_o custom_n not_o i_o say_v a_o particular_a one_o but_o a_o general_a custom_n extend_v throughout_o the_o whole_a county_n in_o censual_a land_n or_o land_n let_v for_o cens_n or_o what_o be_v all_o one_o with_o it_o gavel_n or_o gafol_n to_o say_v hold_v in_o fief_n or_o inheritance_n roturier_n as_o call_v in_o normandy_n and_o other_o part_n of_o france_n the_o antiquity_n whereof_o and_o how_o beginning_n in_o kent_n and_o why_o more_o general_a there_o than_o elsewhere_o shall_v be_v the_o argument_n of_o our_o next_o discourse_n proposition_n iii_o the_o antiquity_n of_o gavelkynd-custome_n in_o point_n especial_o of_o partition_n and_o why_o more_o general_a in_o kent_n than_o elsewhere_o master_n lambard_n 545._o incline_v in_o his_o opinion_n to_o conceive_v this_o custom_n bring_v hither_o out_o of_o normandy_n by_o odo_n earl_n of_o kent_n and_o bastard_n brother_n to_o king_n william_n the_o conqueror_n and_o that_o we_o
rent_n or_o service_n pay_v or_o do_v for_o such_o land_n voce_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v by_o a_o transposition_n of_o the_o syllable_n call_v and_o know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o the_o like_a 2._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i_o e._n except_o the_o churl_n or_o countryman_n that_o occupy_v censual_a land_n as_o one_o will_v say_v now_o except_o the_o country_n fermor_n or_o the_o like_a he_o seem_v by_o this_o to_o be_v proper_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i._n e._n one_o that_o have_v no_o land_n of_o his_o own_o such_o a_o one_o as_o have_v be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i._n e._n terrae_fw-la proprietâ—rius_fw-la a_o land_a man_n as_o the_o word_n be_v i_o take_v it_o to_o be_v render_v not_o viator_n a_o way-faring_a man_n or_o the_o like_a as_o some_o voce_fw-la have_v guess_v but_o to_o keep_v we_o to_o our_o gafol_n within_o and_o under_o which_o term_n and_o notion_n not_o only_o the_o generality_n of_o rent_n and_o customary_a whether_o payment_n or_o service_n be_v comprehend_v and_o comprise_v simple_o but_o what_o we_o at_o this_o day_n call_v rent-corn_n rent-honey_n rent-barley_n and_o the_o like_a the_o special_a and_o particular_a rent_n and_o service_n i_o mean_v by_o the_o custom_n of_o some_o manor_n yield_v by_o the_o tenant_n to_o the_o lord_n thereof_o though_o now_o for_o the_o most_o part_n turn_v into_o money_n be_v in_o elder_a time_n in_o composition_n call_v corn-gavel_a hunig-gavel_a bere-gafol_a etc._n etc._n without_o impertinency_n i_o hope_v i_o shall_v here_o present_v the_o reader_n with_o a_o list_n of_o as_o many_o of_o they_o as_o with_o much_o content_n to_o myself_o i_o have_v ransack_v old_a record_n to_o find_v out_o for_o this_o purpose_n with_o a_o assay_n of_o my_o own_o at_o their_o several_a exposition_n and_o they_o be_v divisible_a into_o two_o sort_n the_o one_o beginning_n the_o other_o end_v with_o gavel_n both_o of_o they_o follow_v gavel-corne_n gavel-erth_a gavel-rip_a gavelmed_n gavel-ote_a gaveldung_n gavelrod_n gavel-tymber_n gavel-reft_a gavel-bord_n gavelswine_n gavelwood_n gavels_a gavelwerk_a gavelnoht_a gavelfother_n gavelbred_n wood_n gavel_n work_n gavel_n swine_n gavel_n corn_n gavel_n penny_n gavel_n malt_n gavel_n les_fw-fr gavel_n leaf_n gavel_n hunig_n gavel_n be_v gavel_n twy_n gavel_n bear_n gavel_n for_o gavel_n in_o the_o list_n of_o the_o rent_n and_o service_n reckon_v up_o in_o â—avel-â—orn_a a_o lieger-book_n of_o the_o church_n of_o canterbury_n as_o charge_v upon_o that_o church_n manor_n of_o adesham_n in_o kent_n this_o in_o particular_a thus_o occurr_n item_n the_o gavel-corn_n 66._o sum_n doubtless_o it_o be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o in_o a_o composition_n make_v between_o the_o abbot_n and_o covent_n of_o st._n augustine_n at_o canterbury_n and_o their_o tenant_n of_o minster_n and_o hengrove_n in_o thanet_n anno_fw-la 19_o hen._n 6._o call_v corn-gavel_a and_o there_o thus_o describe_v et_fw-la quod_fw-la quatuor_fw-la corn-gavel_a swillingae_n &_o dimidia_fw-la &_o quarta_fw-la pars_fw-la unius_fw-la swillingae_n residuae_fw-la tenebantur_fw-la &_o tenentur_fw-la de_fw-la praedictis_fw-la abbate_n &_o conventu_fw-la per_fw-la fidelitatem_fw-la &_o relevium_fw-la &_o per_fw-la redditum_fw-la &_o servitium_fw-la vocatum_fw-la corn-gavel_a viz._n reddendo_fw-la eisdem_fw-la abbati_n &_o conventuâ—_n &_o successoribus_fw-la suis_fw-la annuatim_fw-la in_fw-la festo_fw-la s._n michaelis_fw-la archangeli_fw-la de_fw-la qualibet_fw-la swillinga_fw-mi earundem_fw-la 4._o swillingar_fw-la quindecim_fw-la quarteria_fw-la &_o quinque_fw-la buschello_n ordei_fw-la palmalis_fw-la &_o 15_o quarteria_fw-la &_o 5_o buschello_n avenarum_fw-la &_o de_fw-fr praedicta_fw-la medietate_fw-la &_o quarta_fw-la parte_fw-la unius_fw-la swillingae_fw-la secundum_fw-la ratam_fw-la portionis_fw-la ordei_fw-la &_o avenarum_fw-la illas_fw-la medietatem_fw-la &_o quartam_fw-la partem_fw-la contingentis_fw-la defeernd_fw-mi &_o cariand_n ad_fw-la costas_fw-la &_o expensas_fw-la praedictorum_fw-la tenentium_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la granarium_fw-la dictorum_fw-la abbatis_fw-la &_o conventus_fw-la infra_fw-la monasterium_fw-la s._n augustini_fw-la praedictum_fw-la vel_fw-la per_fw-la servitium_fw-la reddendi_fw-la pro_fw-la qualibet_fw-la acra_fw-la dictarum_fw-la quatuor_fw-la swillingarum_fw-la in_o â—od_n festo_fw-la s._n michaelis_fw-la octo_fw-la denarios_fw-la &_o pro_fw-la dictis_fw-la medietate_fw-la &_o quarta_fw-la parte_fw-la unius_fw-la swilling_n secundum_fw-la ratam_fw-la portionis_fw-la illas_fw-la medietatem_fw-la &_o quartam_fw-la partem_fw-la unius_fw-la swillingae_fw-la de_fw-la praedictis_fw-la ordeo_fw-la &_o avena_fw-la contingentis_fw-la in_fw-la casu_fw-la quo_fw-la praedicti_fw-la tenentes_fw-la praedictum_fw-la or_o deum_fw-la &_o avenam_fw-la in_o eodâ—m_fw-la festo_fw-la in_o formâ_fw-la praedictâ_fw-la non_fw-la solverint_fw-la thus_o the_o composition_n whereby_o it_o be_v apparent_a what_o gavel-corn_n signify_v namely_o as_o before_o be_v intimate_v rent-corn_n in_o a_o accompt-roll_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n cavel-erth_a manor_n of_o reculver_n in_o kent_n anno_fw-la 29._o edw._n 1._o this_o service_n under_o the_o title_n of_o arura_n occurr_v thus_o item_n respondet_fw-la de_fw-la xxxv_o acris_fw-la de_fw-la consuetudine_fw-la arandi_fw-la gavelherthe_n in_o a_o old_a customal_n cant._n of_o gillingham_n manor_n in_o kent_n of_o about_o that_o age_n i_o read_v thus_o item_n sunt_fw-la ibi_fw-la quinque_fw-la juga_fw-la quodlibet_fw-la arabit_fw-la unam_fw-la dimidiam_fw-la acram_fw-la ad_fw-la semen_fw-mi frumenti_fw-la &_o seminabit_fw-la &_o herciabit_n &_o dimidiam_fw-la acram_fw-la ad_fw-la semen_fw-mi ordei_fw-la &_o herciabit_n &_o unam_fw-la virgatam_fw-la ad_fw-la avenam_fw-la &_o herciabit_fw-la &_o warectabit_fw-la dimidiam_fw-la acram_fw-la ad_fw-la ordeum_fw-la &_o nihil_fw-la recipient_a &_o voco_fw-la istud_fw-la opus_fw-la gavelerth_n this_o then_o it_o seem_v be_v a_o certain_a tillageservice_n like_o the_o arura_fw-la in_o bracton_n fol._n 35._o b._n due_a by_o the_o tenant_n hold_v his_o land_n upon_o term_n of_o plough_v etc._n etc._n a_o certain_a quantity_n more_o or_o less_o of_o his_o lord_n demesne_n not_o always_o perform_v in_o kind_n but_o buy_v out_o and_o redeem_v sometime_o with_o money_n et_fw-fr de_fw-fr 10._o sol_fw-la de_fw-fr 10._o acris_fw-la de_fw-la gavelerth_n relaxato_fw-la hoc_fw-la anno_fw-la quoth_v a_o old_a rental_a sans_o date_n of_o the_o arch-bishop_n foresay_a manor_n of_o reculver_n it_o be_v of_o some_o affinity_n as_o with_o the_o french_a poictovine_n biaus_n so_o also_o with_o that_o which_o benerth_n mr._n lambard_n call_v benerth_n expound_v by_o service_n which_o the_o tenant_n do_v with_o his_o cart_n and_o plough_v with_o his_o plough_n indeed_o and_o also_o with_o his_o harrow_n but_o not_o that_o i_o find_v with_o his_o cart_n it_o be_v a_o mere_a tillageservice_n as_o gavelerth_n be_v &_o always_o perform_v precariò_fw-la as_o the_o frenchman_n say_v precairement_n upon_o request_n and_o summons_n in_o aid_n and_o for_o the_o help_n and_o ease_n when_o need_n be_v of_o other_o tenant_n bind_v to_o do_v the_o like_a de_fw-fr gablo_fw-mi i._n e._n as_o i_o conceive_v ex_fw-la debito_fw-la and_o without_o summons_n and_o with_o allowance_n of_o more_o than_o regular_o be_v afford_v in_o the_o other_o manor_n service_n a_o coredy_a i._n e._n diet_n or_o victual_n fometime_o call_v benebred_a during_o the_o employment_n glanvil_n precarias_fw-la carucarum_fw-la forinsecarum_fw-la lib._n 8._o cap._n 3._o may_v hence_o be_v understand_v matthew_n paris_z in_o his_o history_n of_o england_n pag._n 895._o of_o the_o last_o edition_n make_v mention_n of_o a_o breve_fw-la inauditum_fw-la as_o he_o there_o call_v it_o i._n e._n a_o unheard_a of_o writ_n issue_v by_o hen._n 3._o recite_v this_o as_o a_o part_n of_o it_o similiter_fw-la inquiratur_fw-la de_fw-la carucis_fw-la precariis_fw-la which_o by_o the_o learned_a author_n of_o the_o glossary_a at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o work_n be_v thus_o illustrate_v erant_fw-la &_o precariae_fw-la say_v he_o speak_v of_o several_a sort_n of_o plough_n quas_fw-la scilicet_fw-la in_o necessitate_v aliqua_fw-la eminentiori_fw-la colonus_fw-la vaus_fw-la à _fw-la proximo_fw-la suis_fw-la precario_fw-la mutuabatur_fw-la hence_o the_o phrase_n in_o many_o old_a custumal_n and_o rental_n of_o plough_v this_o or_o that_o quantity_n of_o the_o lord_n land_n by_o his_o tenant_n de_fw-fr prece_fw-la de_fw-la precaria_fw-la ad_fw-la precariam_fw-la and_o the_o like_a in_o precariis_fw-la carucacum_fw-la &_o in_fw-la auxilio_fw-la herciandi_fw-la uj._o sol_fw-la viij_o den_n say_v a_o old_a accompt-roll_n memorat_fw-la of_o saltwood_n manor_n the_o meaning_n of_o such_o passage_n in_o record_n of_o that_o kind_n as_o this_o arant_fw-la preces_fw-la semel_fw-la ad_fw-la conredium_fw-la thanet_n curiae_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o the_o like_a may_v hence_o be_v pick_v out_o it_o take_v name_n this_o of_o benerth_n i_o conceive_v of_o the_o saxon_a be_v postulatio_fw-la as_o mr._n lambard_n and_o before_o he_o jornadensis_n translate_n the_o saxon_a law_n turn_v the_o word_n occur_v in_o the_o title_n of_o the_o eight_o of_o king_n ina_n law_n as_o sir_n hen._n spelman_n do_v by_o rogatis_fw-la council_n tom_fw-mi 1._o pag._n 583._o
whence_o probable_o fleta_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 84._o speak_v of_o those_o plough_n call_v they_o carucas_fw-la rogatas_fw-la a_o certain_a service_n the_o same_o i_o take_v it_o with_o bractons_n gavel-rip_a messura_fw-la fol._n 35._o b._n undergo_v by_o the_o tenant_n of_o some_o manor_n tie_v to_o reap_v their_o lord_n corn_n for_o he_o which_o if_o redeem_v or_o take_v in_o money_n be_v usual_o term_v ripsilver_n of_o the_o former_a in_o the_o custumal_a cant._n of_o westwell_n manor_n in_o kent_n i_o read_v de_fw-fr consuetudive_n metendi_fw-la xl_o acras_fw-la &_o dimid_n de_fw-fr gavel-rip_a in_o autumpno_n xl_o s._n uj._o d._n and_o in_o another_o like_a record_n i_o meet_v with_o the_o latter_a thus_o explain_v to_o our_o hand_n de_fw-fr sulinga_fw-mi de_fw-fr ripsilver_n witstable_n xuj_o de_fw-fr ripsilver_n quia_fw-la homines_fw-la de_fw-la witstable_n solebant_fw-la antiquitus_fw-la metere_fw-la apud_fw-la bertonam_fw-la and_o as_o in_o tillageservice_n certain_a tenant_n be_v bind_v to_o it_o de_fw-mi gablo_fw-mi other_o de_fw-la prece_fw-la and_o thence_o the_o one_o service_n call_v gavelerth_n the_o other_o benerth_n so_o for_o reap_v also_o there_o be_v some_o that_o hold_v by_o gavelrip-service_n other_o by_o bedrip-service_n the_o old_a glossary_a at_o the_o end_n of_o benrip_v hen._n 1._o law_n have_v it_o benripe_a that_o do_v de_fw-mi gablo_fw-mi without_o any_o bid_n or_o summons_n and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n without_o coredy_o this_o de_fw-la prece_fw-la upon_o bid_v or_o summons_n and_o regular_o with_o coredy_o in_o villa_n de_fw-fr ickham_n say_v the_o old_a custumal_a of_o that_o manor_n of_o christ-church_n sunt_fw-la xuj_o cotarii_fw-la quorum_fw-la quilibet_fw-la habet_fw-la v_o acras_fw-la &_o hae_fw-la sunt_fw-la earum_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la ducunt_fw-la brasium_fw-la etc._n etc._n &_o quilibet_fw-la tres_fw-la preces_fw-la i._n e._n say_v the_o old_a marginal_a gloss_n there_o quando_fw-la rogantur_fw-la per_fw-la servientem_fw-la curiae_fw-la debent_fw-la metere_fw-la sive_fw-la aliud_fw-la facere_fw-la quod_fw-la expedit_fw-la domino_fw-la per_fw-la tres_fw-la dies_fw-la &_o si_fw-la noluerint_fw-la facere_fw-la possint_fw-la artari_fw-la etc._n etc._n as_o i_o give_v you_o some_o instance_n before_o of_o gavelrip_n so_o i_o may_v also_o of_o bedrip_n but_o for_o brevity_n sake_n i_o will_v only_o refer_v you_o to_o that_o in_o sir_n hen._n spelman_n glossary_a verbo_fw-la bidripa_n which_o be_v bare_o mention_v there_o bidrip_n without_o exposition_n may_v hence_o be_v understand_v and_o as_o be_v in_o benerth_n be_v of_o a_o saxon_a original_a so_o likewise_o bede_n here_o in_o bedrip_n and_o indeed_o they_o be_v univocal_a draw_v this_o from_o the_o saxon_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d petere_fw-la rogare_fw-la and_o apply_v to_o this_o service_n upon_o the_o same_o ground_n that_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o a_o crier_n beadle_z summoner_n bailiff_n so_o call_v bedellus_fw-la from_o his_o office_n which_o be_v to_o warn_v summon_v give_v notice_n etc._n etc._n as_o these_o tenant_n be_v to_o be_v warn_v summon_v in_o a_o word_n bid_v to_o come_v and_o perform_v this_o service_n et_fw-fr de_fw-fr cxcix_o operibus_fw-la magnae_fw-la precariae_fw-la provenien_fw-fr de_fw-fr omnib_fw-la tenentibus_fw-la domini_fw-la tam_fw-la liberis_fw-la quam_fw-la nativis_fw-la infra_fw-la dominium_fw-la domini_fw-la quorum_fw-la quilibet_fw-la domum_fw-la habens_fw-la de_fw-la quo_fw-la fumus_fw-la exiit_fw-la inveniet_fw-la unum_fw-la hominem_fw-la ad_fw-la magnam_fw-la precariam_fw-la si_fw-la ad_fw-la hoc_fw-la summonitus_fw-la fuerit_fw-la etc._n etc._n as_o it_o be_v in_o account_n gavelmed_n of_o the_o manor_n of_o harwe_v now_o call_v harrow_n in_o middlesex_n anno_fw-la 21._o rich._n 2._o a_o service_n of_o much_o affinity_n with_o the_o former_a in_o a_o accompt-roll_n memorat_fw-la of_o ter_v manor_n in_o sussex_n anno_fw-la 11._o edw._n 1._o it_o occur_v thus_o consuetudo_fw-la metendi_fw-la quae_fw-la voco_fw-la gavelrip_n follow_v consuetudo_fw-la falcandi_fw-la quae_fw-la voco_fw-la gavelm_v and_o anon_o after_o et_fw-la pro_fw-la una_fw-la septimana_fw-la dum_fw-la falcatur_fw-la stipula_fw-la quae_fw-la voco_fw-la gavelm_v it_o need_v no_o further_a open_n a_o certain_a proportion_n of_o rent-oat_n serve_v in_o sometime_o gavel-ore_a in_o kind_n other_o while_n by_o composition_n redeem_v with_o money_n as_o to_o the_o former_a its_o payment_n in_o kind_n i_o read_v thus_o in_o a_o memorat_fw-la old_a custumal_a sans_o date_n of_o southmal_v manor_n in_o sussex_n borga_fw-la de_fw-fr wellingham_n operarii_fw-la omnes_fw-la isti_fw-la operarii_fw-la de_fw-la w._n debent_fw-la reddere_fw-la annuatim_fw-la de_fw-la qualibet_fw-la virgata_fw-la unum_fw-la quarterium_fw-la avenae_fw-la quod_fw-la dicitur_fw-la gavelote_n in_o xlma._n in_o a_o accompt-roll_n of_o the_o same_o manor_n i_o find_v a_o charge_n suitable_a idem_fw-la respondet_fw-la de_fw-la octo_fw-la quarteriis_fw-la quatuor_fw-la bush_n avenae_fw-la receptis_fw-la de_fw-la gabulo_fw-la custumariorum_fw-la de_fw-la wellingham_n and_o for_o the_o redeem_n it_o with_o money_n a_o old_a sup_n account_n sans_o date_n of_o the_o abbey_n of_o st._n augustine_n manor_n of_o swain_n and_o borewaremersh_n in_o rumney_n mersh_fw-mi furnish_v we_o with_o a_o instance_n of_o it_o thus_o et_fw-la de_fw-la avena_fw-la de_fw-fr gablo_fw-mi vendita_fw-la iij._o s._n like_o to_o that_o in_o old_a sup_n accompt-roll_n of_o gillingham_n manor_n by_o rochester_n et_fw-fr de_fw-fr x._o s._n uj._o d._n de_fw-fr quinque_fw-la quarteriis_fw-la duob_fw-la bush_n de_fw-fr gavelote_n de_fw-fr redditu_fw-la venditis_fw-la a_o service_n like_a to_o that_o speak_v of_o by_o littleton_n under_o gaveldung_n the_o title_n of_o villeinage_n to_o carry_v the_o lord_n dung_n out_o of_o the_o site_n of_o the_o manor_n unto_o the_o land_n of_o his_o lord_n etc._n etc._n whereof_o in_o a_o sup_n accompt-roll_n of_o storham_n manor_n in_o sussex_n of_o about_o edw._n 1._o time_n under_o the_o title_n of_o consuetudines_fw-la &_o servitia_fw-la de_fw-la omnibus_fw-la borghis_n extra_fw-la boscum_fw-la praeter_fw-la suthram_n i_o read_v in_o the_o accomptant_n charge_v as_o follow_v idem_fw-la respondet_fw-la de_fw-la consuetudine_fw-la extrahendi_fw-la fimum_fw-la debita_fw-la per_fw-la custumarios_fw-la tenentes_fw-la xxvij_o virgatas_fw-la dimid_n &_o i_o ferling_n in_o borgh_n de_fw-fr goat_n middelham_n astone_n northlington_n &_o wellingham_n in_o una_fw-la septimane_a post_fw-la festum_fw-la s._n michaelis_fw-la cum_fw-la auxilio_fw-la molmannorum_fw-la quod_fw-la servitium_fw-la voco_fw-la gaveldung_n see_v the_o grand_fw-fr custumier_fw-fr of_o normandy_n cap._n 53._o in_o fine_a what_o service_n this_o be_v the_o place_n itself_o where_o it_o occur_v gavelrod_n sufficient_o explain_v unto_o we_o and_o that_o be_v a_o old_a supra_fw-la extent_n of_o the_o manor_n of_o ter_v in_o sussex_n anno_fw-la 5._o edw._n 1._o where_o under_o the_o title_n of_o virgatarii_fw-la operarii_fw-la de_fw-la wadeherst_n we_o have_v it_o thus_o in_o borga_fw-la de_fw-fr wadeherst_n sunt_fw-la xv_o virgatae_fw-la dimid_n &_o i_o firl_v terrae_fw-la nativae_fw-la quarum_fw-la quaelibet_fw-la debet_fw-la claudere_fw-la unam_fw-la perticatam_fw-la sepis_fw-la circa_fw-la curiam_fw-la de_fw-la malling_n &_o debet_fw-la pro_fw-la pollis_fw-la &_o claustura_fw-la quam_fw-la facere_fw-la solebat_fw-la ad_fw-la natalem_fw-la beati_fw-la johannis_n baptistae_fw-la annuatim_fw-la reddere_fw-la i_o d._n ob_fw-la quod_fw-la dicitur_fw-la gavelrod_n &_o burghard_n etc._n etc._n burghyard_n certain_a rent-timber_n to_o be_v use_v in_o repair_v the_o timber_n lord_n mansionhouse_n or_o some_o appertein_v edifice_n and_o as_o some_o record_n do_v specify_v it_o rafter_n whence_o in_o a_o sup_n accompt-roll_n of_o norbourne_n manor_n in_o east_n kent_n anno_fw-la 31._o edw._n 3._o as_o a_o part_n of_o the_o accomptant_n charge_v there_o i_o read_v thus_o et_fw-la de_fw-la c_o c._n refter_n the_o gavel-tymber_n de_fw-fr redditu_fw-la quilibet_fw-la de_fw-la longitudine_fw-la xiij_o bed_n de_fw-fr quibus_fw-la proveniunt_fw-la de_fw-fr tenemento_fw-it de_fw-fr borewaresyle_n c._n &_o de_fw-la tenemento_fw-it de_fw-it monynden_fw-mi c._n another_o like_a roll_n of_o the_o same_o manor_n call_v it_o gavel_n refter_o and_o much_o of_o gavel-reft_a the_o same_o nature_n be_v the_o next_o call_v gavel-bord_n whereof_o gavel-bord_n in_o the_o last_o cite_v roll_v mention_n be_v thus_o make_v et_fw-fr de_fw-fr c_o c_o c._n gavelbordis_n de_fw-fr redditu_fw-la quilibet_fw-la de_fw-la longitudine_fw-la iij._o bed_n dimid_n unde_fw-la etc._n etc._n these_o rent_n and_o service_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v charge_v upon_o their_o wealdish_a tenant_n such_o as_o occupy_v their_o wood-land_n and_o so_o be_v the_o next_o and_o by_o a_o inversion_n of_o the_o syllable_n swine-gavel_a gavelswine_n a_o wealdish_a service_n i_o say_v signify_v rent-hog_n or_o rent-swine_n so_o call_v when_o pay_v in_o kind_n et_fw-la de_fw-fr seven_o s._n x._o d_o de_fw-fr iij._o porcis_fw-la de_fw-fr gablo_fw-mi venditis_fw-la ad_fw-la parocum_fw-la de_fw-la maghefeld_n etc._n etc._n as_o it_o be_v in_o a_o roll_n sup_n of_o account_n of_o mayfield_n manor_n in_o sussex_n anno_fw-la 11._o edw._n 3._o otherwise_o swine-paneges_a swine-money_n and_o swine-money_n and_o the_o like_a when_o namely_o they_o be_v redeem_v with_o the_o penny_n or_o with_o money_n which_o be_v usual_o pay_v
at_o paroc-time_n that_o be_v when_o the_o lord_n or_o his_o bailiff_n and_o tenant_n meet_v upon_o the_o place_n in_o the_o weald_n to_o hold_v a_o paroc_n a_o courtlike_a kind_n paroc_n of_o meeting_n whereof_o i_o have_v by_o i_o a_o record_n of_o some_o keep_v about_o edw._n 1._o time_n not_o much_o unlike_o the_o forest_n swainemote_n where_o inter_fw-la alia_fw-la and_o account_n be_v take_v of_o this_o service_n in_o particular_a and_o general_o of_o what_o hog_n or_o swine_n have_v be_v take_v in_o to_o feed_v and_o fatten_v the_o year_n past_a or_o the_o last_o pawnage_n or_o masting-time_n and_o rend_v according_o pay_v and_o receive_v for_o the_o same_o hence_o i_o take_v it_o from_o paroc_n i_o mean_v the_o name_n of_o that_o place_n by_o bleane-wood_n near_o canterbury_n which_o we_o at_o this_o day_n call_v the_o paddock_n for_o the_o paroc_n sometime_o write_v and_o call_v wood-lode_n wald_n load_n gavelwood_n and_o other_o while_n by_o a_o inversion_n of_o the_o syllable_n wood-gavel_a a_o custom_n or_o service_n incident_a to_o some_o tenant_n to_o carry_v home_o their_o lord_n wood_n for_o he_o a_o old_a sup_n accompt-roll_n sans_o date_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n manor_n in_o southmalling_a have_v this_o mention_n of_o it_o in_o the_o accomptant_n charge_v et_fw-la de_fw-la xviij_o s._n iij._o d._n ob_fw-la de_fw-fr fine_a cariandi_fw-la gavelwood_n de_fw-la consuetudine_fw-la it_o often_o occur_v in_o like_a record_n of_o divers_a other_o manor_n under_o that_o diversity_n of_o name_n a_o certain_a measure_n of_o rentale_n among_o the_o article_n gavels_a to_o be_v charge_v upon_o the_o steward_n and_o bailive_n of_o the_o church_n of_o canterbury_n manor_n infra_fw-la cantiam_fw-la according_a to_o which_o they_o be_v to_o be_v accountable_a this_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v one_o de_n gavelsester_n cujuslibet_fw-la bracini_fw-la braciati_fw-la infra_fw-la libertatem_fw-la maneriorum_fw-la viz._n unam_fw-la lagenam_fw-la &_o dimidium_fw-la cervisiae_fw-la another_o old_a record_n call_v it_o tolsester_n in_o these_o word_n de_fw-fr tolsester_fw-fr cervis_fw-la hoc_fw-la est_fw-la de_fw-la tol-s_a quolibet_fw-la bracino_fw-la per_fw-la annum_fw-la unam_fw-la lagenam_fw-la de_fw-la cervis_fw-la as_o it_o be_v in_o a_o old_a book_n of_o the_o same_o cathedral_n among_o the_o rent_n of_o assize_n of_o halton_n manor_n in_o be_v undoubted_o the_o same_o in_o lieu_n whereof_o the_o abbot_n of_o abbington_n be_v wont_n of_o custom_n to_o receive_v that_o penny_n mention_v by_o mr._n selden_n in_o his_o learned_a dissertation_n annex_v unto_o fleta_n new_o publish_v cap._n 8._o num_fw-la 3._o and_o there_o by_o some_o mistake_n haply_o of_o the_o printer_n term_v colcester_n penny_n for_o tols_a penny_n nor_o differ_v it_o i_o take_v it_o from_o what_o in_o the_o glossary_a at_o the_o end_n of_o hen._n 1._o law_n be_v call_v oate-gavel_a oate-gavel_a a_o service_n charge_v upon_o tenant_n for_o example_n in_o gavelwerk_a charing_n manor_n in_o kent_n a_o old_a sup_n rental_a whereof_o of_o edw._n 1._o time_n have_v it_o thus_o grenehelle_n eadmundus_n filius_fw-la thomae_fw-la de_fw-fr grenehelle_n de_fw-fr uno_fw-la jugo_fw-la debet_fw-la etc._n etc._n arabit_fw-la unam_fw-la acram_fw-la 6._o pedes_fw-la &_o metet_fw-la unam_fw-la acram_fw-la dimid_n &_o 9_o pedes_fw-la de_fw-fr gavelwerk_n this_o admit_v also_o of_o a_o transposition_n of_o the_o syllable_n be_v sometime_o find_v write_v werk-gavel_a in_o barbarous_a latin_a werkgabulum_n as_o in_o a_o sup_n accompt-roll_n of_o the_o arch-bishop_n manor_n of_o tunebrugge_n now_o call_v tunbridge_n of_o hen._n 3._o time_n and_o signify_v rent-work_n which_o be_v of_o two_o sort_n the_o one_o personal_a by_o the_o tenant_n person_n which_o they_o call_v manuopera_n the_o other_o by_o his_o carriage_n thence_o term_v manuopera_fw-la carropera_n and_o they_o both_o meet_v i_o take_v it_o in_o villein_n call_v carropera_fw-la gaigneurs_n in_o a_o old_a custumal_a of_o our_o cathedral_n at_o canterbury_n gavelfother_n manor_n of_o clyne_n in_o kent_n i_o find_v they_o thus_o couple_v de_n gavelnoht_fw-mi well_fw-mi gavelfother_n de_fw-fr ostreland_n the_o latter_a seem_v to_o expound_v the_o former_a show_v they_o both_o to_o import_v what_o at_o this_o day_n we_o call_v rentfodder_n the_o latter_a word_n in_o which_o composition_n come_v as_o i_o suppose_v of_o the_o teutonick_n voeder_n or_o the_o german_a fodrum_n futer_n which_o we_o at_o this_o day_n pronounce_v fodder_n of_o the_o feudist_n it_o be_v call_v fodrum_n to_o who_o i_o refer_v such_o as_o desire_v a_o further_a explanation_n of_o the_o term_n wherein_o the_o learned_a hotoman_a i_o take_v it_o be_v more_o copious_a than_o the_o rest_n in_o his_o commentary_n de_fw-fr verbis_fw-la feudalibus_fw-la in_fw-la voce_fw-la let_v they_o also_o have_v recourse_n to_o our_o learned_a glossarist_n in_o verbo_fw-la fodrum_n in_o the_o custumal_a of_o the_o same_o church_n manor_n of_o gavelbred_n chatham_n in_o kent_n it_o occur_v thus_o allocantur_fw-la per_fw-la annum_fw-la pro_fw-la gavelbred_a ad_fw-la herdemet_fw-la iij._o sum_n dimid_n it_o be_v the_o same_o i_o take_v it_o which_o i_o find_v elsewhere_o thus_o express_v in_o pane_fw-la ad_fw-la gavelbred_a de_fw-fr consuetudine_fw-la arantium_fw-la &_o metentium_fw-la ij_o sum_fw-la so_o a_o accompt-roll_n sup_n of_o charing_n manor_n in_o edw._n 1._o time_n nor_o be_v it_o probable_o any_o other_o than_o what_o in_o the_o custumal_a averbr_v of_o west-farlegh_a manor_n in_o kent_n be_v term_v averbr_v allocantur_fw-la per_fw-la annum_fw-la pro_fw-la averbr_v iij._o s._n ij_o d._n it_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o proportion_n of_o food_n or_o victual_n allow_v to_o the_o base_a sort_n of_o tenant_n such_o as_o the_o custumarii_n cotarii_fw-la villani_n and_o the_o like_a the_o gaigneurs_n towards_o their_o coredy_a or_o sustentation_n gaigneurâ—_n during_o their_o employment_n in_o the_o villein-service_n of_o their_o lord_n such_o as_o those_o reckon_v up_o by_o the_o author_n of_o the_o mirroir_n chap._n 2._o sect_n 28._o where_o he_o say_v et_fw-la ascuns_fw-la per_fw-la villein_n custom_n do_v ar_a ower_n charrier_n sarclir_n fauchir_o scier_fw-la tasser_n batre_n ou_fw-fr tielx_fw-fr autres_fw-fr manner_n d'_fw-fr service_fw-fr which_o be_v not_o always_o attend_v with_o such_o allowance_n whence_o my_o author_n go_v on_o add_v &_o ascun_fw-la foit_n sans_o reprise_n d'_fw-fr manger_n and_o thus_o far_o of_o the_o particular_a rent_n and_o service_n who_o name_n begin_v with_o gavel_n to_o which_o i_o may_v add_v that_o of_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d occur_v in_o the_o law_n of_o king_n ina_n cap._n 44._o now_o to_o proceed_v to_o those_o end_n with_o it_o of_o which_o the_o first_o four_o wood-gavel_a werk-gavel_a corn-gavel_a swine-gavel_a corn-gavel_a have_v their_o several_a exposition_n in_o their_o proper_a place_n viz._n in_o the_o former_a list_n of_o service_n who_o name_n begin_v with_o gavel_n i_o pass_v from_o they_o to_o the_o rest_n of_o like_a termination_n in_o the_o conqueror_n and_o some_o succeed_a king_n peny-gavel_a charter_n make_v to_o st._n augustine_n abbey_n at_o canterbury_n the_o present_a service_n occurr_n by_o the_o name_n of_o gabulum_fw-la denariorum_fw-la the_o tithe_n whereof_o here_o except_v from_o these_o be_v elsewhere_o grant_v unto_o other_o monk_n whereof_o see_v mr._n selden'_v history_n of_o tithe_n pag._n 321_o 330_o 331._o it_o be_v a_o rent_n usual_o reserve_v and_o pay_v in_o money_n witness_v the_o mention_n and_o description_n of_o it_o without_o composition_n between_o the_o abbot_n and_o covent_n of_o st._n augustine_n and_o the_o man_n of_o thanet_n whereof_o before_o in_o gavel-corn_n and_o speak_v thus_o tenentur_fw-la de_fw-la praedictis_fw-la abbate_n &_o coventu_fw-la &_o praedecessoribus_fw-la suis_fw-la per_fw-la fidelitatem_fw-la &_o relevium_fw-la &_o per_fw-la redditum_fw-la &_o servitium_fw-la vocatum_fw-la peny_n gavel_n viz._n reddendo_fw-la annuatim_fw-la eisdem_fw-la abbati_n &_o coventui_n &_o eorum_fw-la successoribus_fw-la de_fw-la qualibet_fw-la swillinga_fw-mi dictarum_fw-la xlij_o swillingarum_fw-la in_o festo_fw-la s._n martini_n in_o hyeme_n decem_fw-la &_o novem_fw-la solidos_fw-la &_o octo_fw-la denarios_fw-la &_o de_fw-fr praedicta_fw-la quarta_fw-la parte_fw-la unius_fw-la swillingae_n in_fw-la eodem_fw-la festo_fw-la annuatim_fw-la quatuor_fw-la solidos_fw-la &_o undecim_fw-la denarios_fw-la &_o pro_fw-la qualibit_fw-la acra_fw-la dictarum_fw-la xxxviij_o acrarum_fw-la terrae_fw-la de_fw-la swilling-land_n in_o eodem_fw-la festo_fw-la secundùm_fw-la ratam_fw-la portionis_fw-la redditus_fw-la easdem_fw-la xxxviij_o acras_fw-la terrae_fw-la contingentes_fw-la etc._n etc._n in_o the_o custumal_a of_o the_o church_n of_o canterbury_n maltgavel_a manor_n of_o mepham_n in_o kent_n among_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o rent_n service_n there_o this_o occur_v for_o one_o de_n xxj_o sum_n iiij_o bush_n de_fw-fr maltgavel_n etc._n etc._n it_o signify_v rent-malt_n and_o be_v the_o same_o i_o take_v it_o that_o in_o another_o like_a record_n a_o old_a rental_a of_o eastry_n manor_n in_o kent_n be_v call_v malt_n shoot_v and_o thus_o express_v there_o de_fw-fr malt_n shoot_v termino_fw-la shot_n
circumcisionis_fw-la domini_fw-la xx_o d._n but_o so_o call_v i_o trow_v when_o compound_v for_o in_o money_n otherwise_o upon_o the_o same_o ground_n malt-peny_n as_o the_o old_a customal_n of_o the_o malt-peny_n same_o manor_n frequent_o name_v it_o so_o call_v peradventure_o in_o relation_n to_o some_o great_a les-gavel_a rent_n or_o service_n arise_v and_o pay_v out_o of_o the_o same_o land_n that_o this_o at_o some_o other_o part_n or_o season_n of_o the_o year_n i_o guess_v hereat_o by_o a_o old_a cant._n customal_n of_o charing_n manor_n where_o indeed_o i_o find_v it_o so_o and_o so_o les-gavel_a quasi_fw-la lesle-rent_a or_o lesle-service_n i_o take_v it_o to_o be_v the_o same_o that_o in_o the_o customal_n and_o rental_n of_o some_o other_o manor_n i_o find_v write_v lesyeld_v and_o lesgeld_v unless_o leaf-gavel_a it_o be_v mistake_v for_o the_o next_o leaf-gavel_a thus_o occur_v in_o a_o old_a accompt-roll_n of_o the_o church_n of_o canterbury_n et_fw-fr de_fw-fr twelve_o l._n iij._o d._n ob_fw-la de_fw-fr annuo_fw-la redditu_fw-la assis_fw-la cum_fw-la leafgabulo_n ad_fw-la terminum_fw-la s._n martini_n which_o i_o conceive_v to_o be_v the_o same_o with_o what_o in_o a_o like_a record_n of_o hathewolden_a now_o halden_n manor_n in_o kent_n be_v call_v lef-silver_n les-sily_a et_fw-fr de_fw-fr xviij_o d._n the_o lef-silver_n in_o hathewoldum_n the_o old_a custumal_a of_o tenham_n manor_n in_o kent_n call_z it_o lyefyield_v lyef-yeild_a thus_o explain_v it_o tenentes_fw-la de_fw-fr waldis_n non_fw-la possunt_fw-la arare_fw-la terras_fw-la svas_fw-la ab_fw-la equinoctio_fw-la autumpnali_fw-la usque_fw-la festum_fw-la beati_fw-la martini_n sine_fw-la licentia_fw-la et_fw-la ideo_fw-la reddunt_fw-la annuatim_fw-la dimidiam_fw-la marcam_fw-la ad_fw-la festum_fw-la s._n martini_n sive_fw-la fuerit_fw-la pessona_fw-la sive_fw-la non_fw-la et_fw-la voco_fw-la lyes-yeld_a whereby_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o tribute_n pay_v by_o certain_a wealdish_a tenant_n for_o liberty_n to_o plough_v their_o ground_n during_o a_o certain_a season_n of_o the_o year_n viz._n tempore_fw-la pessonae_fw-la which_o because_o of_o some_o prejudice_n that_o may_v thereby_o redound_v to_o the_o lord_n in_o his_o pawnage_n be_v not_o permit_v without_o his_o leave_n gabulum_fw-la mellis_fw-la as_o the_o old_a sup_n rental_n of_o chistlet_n hunig-gavel_a manor_n in_o kent_n seem_v to_o term_v what_o some_o ancient_a accompt-roll_n sup_n of_o otteford_n and_o other_o manor_n call_v hunigave_v both_o one_o and_o tother_o signify_v rent-honey_n item_n de_fw-fr weregavel_n uj._o d._n aliquando_fw-la tamen_fw-la plus_fw-la aliquando_fw-la weregavel_a minus_fw-la thus_o in_o the_o cant._n custumal_a of_o the_o canterbury_n cathedral_n manor_n of_o leisdowne_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o shepey_n it_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o rent_n pay_v in_o respect_n of_o wear_v or_o kiddel_n to_o catch_v fish_n withal_o pitch_v and_o place_v by_o the_o seacoast_n and_o until_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la forbid_v it_o in_o some_o river_n too_o whereof_o see_v further_o in_o sir_n hen._n spelman_n glossary_a verbo_fw-la kidellus_fw-la and_o in_o sir_n edw._n coke_n institutes_n part_v 2._o pag._n 38._o and_o elsewhere_o in_o a_o cant._n accompt-roll_n of_o the_o manor_n of_o reculver_n twyâ—gavel_n in_o kent_n anno_fw-la 16._o edw._n 3._o this_o service_n in_o the_o charge_n there_o thus_o occurr_n idem_fw-la respondet_fw-la de_fw-la 814_o &_o dimid_a bed_n clausur_fw-fr hayag_n fac_fw-la circa_fw-la manerium_fw-la ex_fw-la consuetudine_fw-la unde_fw-la de_fw-fr twygavel_n 200._o i_o meet_v with_o it_o elsewhere_o also_o but_o with_o explanation_n no_o where_o take_v liberty_n of_o conjecture_n i_o conceive_v it_o to_o be_v some_o double_a kind_n of_o service_n by_o the_o twy_n prepose_v as_o elsewhere_o twysket_n a_o twyâ—sket_n imposition_n upon_o the_o tenant_n of_o aldington_n manor_n by_o romney_n mersh_fw-mi for_o maintain_v the_o seacoast_n there_o and_o other_o like_a defence_n against_o inundation_n be_v term_v duplum_fw-la as_o thus_o computus_fw-la de_fw-la duplo_fw-la wallae_n quod_fw-la voco_fw-la twysket_n so_o the_o accompt-roll_n of_o that_o manor_n in_o the_o six_o year_n of_o st._n edmund_n archbishopric_n be_v term_v of_o our_o learned_a glossarist_n verb._n berewica_n bere-gafol_a by_o tributum_fw-la hordeaceum_fw-la elsewhere_o viz._n verb._n gabella_n by_o redditus_fw-la hordeaceus_fw-la you_o shall_v find_v in_o the_o 60th_o of_o king_n ina_n law_n in_o mr._n lambards_n archaion_n if_o it_o be_v not_o rent-barley_n i_o shall_v take_v it_o for_o the_o drincelean_a drincelean_n occur_v as_o in_o the_o last_o chapter_n of_o the_o leges_fw-la presbyterorum_fw-la northumbrensium_n in_o sir_n hen._n spelman_n council_n pag._n 502._o so_o also_o in_o the_o 87th_o of_o king_n cnute_n law_n in_o the_o archaion_n and_o in_o this_o latter_a place_n render_v in_o the_o old_a version_n in_o brampton_n just_a as_o oryncelan_n mistake_v for_o drincelan_n in_o the_o old_a glossary_a at_o the_o end_n of_o hen._n 1._o law_n by_o retributio_fw-la potus_fw-la if_o so_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o same_o with_o what_o be_v afterward_o call_v scot-ale_n whereof_o scot-ale_n you_o may_v read_v in_o matth._n paris_n the_o charter_n of_o the_o forest_n bracton_n the_o mirroir_n and_o elsewhere_o king_n hen._n 2._o in_o his_o charter_n to_o the_o citizen_n of_o canterbury_n acquit_v they_o of_o it_o ita_fw-la quod_fw-la say_v he_o vicecome_fw-la meus_fw-la cantuar._n vel_fw-la aliquis_fw-la alius_fw-la ballivus_fw-la scotalam_fw-la non_fw-la faciet_fw-la it_o be_v sometime_o call_v potura_n and_o be_v a_o contribution_n potura_fw-la by_o the_o man_n and_o tenant_n towards_o a_o potation_n i._n e._n a_o drink_v or_o as_o some_o yet_o speak_v a_o ale_n provide_v to_o entertain_v the_o lord_n or_o his_o bailiff_n withal_o come_v to_o keep_v court_n or_o the_o like_a raise_v by_o a_o proportion_n or_o rate_n more_o or_o less_o according_a to_o the_o better_a or_o mean_a condition_n in_o a_o old_a memorat_fw-la custumal_a of_o southmal_v manor_n in_o sussex_n in_o that_o part_n of_o it_o entitle_v bortha_fw-mi de_fw-mi fell_v i_o read_v as_o follow_v item_n si_fw-la dominus_fw-la archiepiscopus_fw-la fecerit_fw-la scotall_a infra_fw-la boscum_fw-la quilibet_fw-la terram_fw-la tenens_fw-la dabit_fw-la ibi_fw-la pro_fw-la se_fw-la &_o uxore_fw-la sua_fw-la iij._o ob_fw-la &_o vidua_fw-la vel_fw-la kotarius_fw-la i_o d._n in_o the_o sup_n extent_n of_o the_o manor_n of_o ter_v to_o give_v you_o another_o instance_n anno_fw-la 5._o edw._n 1._o this_o scotale_a service_n be_v thus_o remember_v lewes_n memorandum_n quod_fw-la praedicti_fw-la tenentes_fw-la debent_fw-la de_fw-la consuetudine_fw-la inter_fw-la eas_fw-la facere_fw-la scotalium_fw-la de_fw-la xuj_o d._n &_o ob_fw-la ita_fw-la quod_fw-la de_fw-la singulis_fw-la sex_n denar_fw-mi detur_fw-la i_o d._n ob_fw-la ad_fw-la potandum_fw-la bedello_n domini_fw-la archiepiscopi_fw-la super_fw-la praedictum_fw-la feodum_fw-la bracton_n say_v it_o be_v sometime_o call_v filctale_a sol_fw-la 117._o b._n which_o our_o learned_a fildale_n glossarist_n in_o voce_fw-mi correct_v read_v fildale_n and_o be_v in_o some_o sort_n follow_v by_o sir_n edw._n coke_n institut_n part_n 4._o pag._n 307._o with_o the_o varia_n lectio_fw-la before_o bracton_n i_o shall_v rather_o read_v it_o gildale_n and_o then_o indeed_o as_o it_o gild-ale_n come_v near_o the_o other_o scot-ale_n so_o with_o that_o better_a answer_n to_o our_o present_a bere-gafol_a gilled_a gafol_n and_o scot_n be_v as_o it_o be_v synonyma_fw-la and_o univocal_a observe_v to_o be_v always_o pay_v by_o the_o tenant_n per_fw-mi for-gavel_a avail_v to_o the_o mesne_fw-la lord_n not_o to_o the_o chief_a and_o thence_o call_v in_o some_o old_a record_n and_o deed_n foris-gabulum_a quasi_fw-la extra_fw-la vel_fw-la praeter_fw-la gabulum_fw-la quod_fw-la domino_fw-la capitali_fw-la debetur_fw-la just_o like_o the_o french_a man_n surcens_n will_v you_o have_v a_o example_n john_n then_o the_o son_n of_o richard_n at_o horsfald_n by_o his_o cant._n deed_n date_a anno_o 1242._o give_n to_o warin_n of_o stablegate_n a_o parcel_n of_o land_n to_o be_v hold_v to_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n or_o to_o whosoever_o he_o shall_v give_v sell_v or_o assign_v it_o a_o clause_n without_o which_o by_o the_o account_n of_o those_o elder_a time_n land_n be_v not_o alienate_v from_o the_o proper_a 16._o heir_n pay_v to_o the_o prior_n and_o covent_n of_o christchurch_n canterbury_n lord_n it_o seem_v of_o the_o fee_n certain_a annal_a rent_n and_o hen_n and_o to_o the_o feossor_n and_o his_o heir_n i_o d._n yearly_a de_fw-fr forgabulo_fw-la etc._n etc._n some_o other_o instance_n of_o this_o kind_n may_v be_v add_v but_o i_o must_v contract_v pass_v over_o metegavel_n whereof_o mention_n be_v gavel_n make_v in_o the_o old_a glossary_a at_o the_o end_n of_o hen._n 1._o law_n and_o there_o in_o latin_a render_v cibi_fw-la gablum_fw-la now_o a_o word_n or_o two_o of_o gavelet_n this_o i_o must_v tell_v you_o be_v no_o rent_n or_o service_n but_o gavelate_v betoken_v a_o rent_n or_o service_n withhold_v deny_v or_o detain_v cause_v the_o tenement_n forfeiture_n to_o the_o lord_n whence_o those_o word_n of_o fleta_n recite_v the_o statute_n
and_o condition_n of_o gavelkynd-land_n be_v not_o only_o subject_a and_o liable_a to_o what_o the_o civilian_n in_o their_o phrase_n be_v wont_a to_o call_v judicium_fw-la or_o actio_fw-la familiae_fw-la herciscundae_fw-la de_fw-fr communi_fw-la paâ—ceners_n dividundo_fw-la the_o feudist_n adaequatio_fw-la paragium_fw-la we_o in_o our_o language_n term_v it_o coparcenary_a land-shifting_a and_o the_o like_a but_o withal_o so_o subject_a to_o it_o as_o that_o partition_n do_v always_o accompany_v land_n of_o that_o nature_n and_o be_v indeed_o as_o inseparable_a from_o it_o as_o the_o contrary_a from_o knight-service_n land_n whence_o then_o be_v it_o before_o i_o answer_v observe_v first_o with_o i_o for_o a_o answer_n to_o these_o passage_n in_o bracton_n that_o as_o before_o each_o of_o they_o in_o one_o â—_o place_n we_o have_v his_o si_fw-la haereâ—itas_fw-la partibilis_fw-la sit_fw-la &_o ab_fw-la antiquo_fw-la divisa_fw-la so_o likewise_o after_o they_o in_o another_o 2._o place_n his_fw-la tenementum_fw-la partibile_fw-la inter_fw-la plures_fw-la cohaeredes_fw-la &_o sempeâ—_n solet_fw-la dividi_fw-la ab_fw-la antiquo_fw-la whereby_o confer_v place_n with_o place_n for_o reconcile_a bracton_n to_o himself_o we_o may_v plain_o understand_v what_o be_v mean_v by_o those_o two_o meâ—ne_n or_o intervening_a passage_n in_o bracton_n namely_o that_o not_o the_o bare_a nature_n of_o the_o land_n but_o ancient_a custom_n joynâ—_n concurrence_n with_o it_o be_v intend_v and_o of_o he_o imply_v in_o each_o place_n though_o not_o express_v to_o render_v the_o land_n or_o inheritance_n partible_a the_o like_a help_n under_o favour_n must_v be_v allow_v glanvill_n to_o reconcile_v he_o sciendum_fw-la autem_fw-la quod_fw-la si_fw-la quis_fw-la liberum_fw-la habens_fw-la socagium_fw-la plures_fw-la habuerit_fw-la filios_fw-la qui_fw-la omnes_fw-la ad_fw-la hereditatem_fw-la equaliter_fw-la pro_fw-la equalibus_fw-la proportionibus_fw-la sunt_fw-la admittendi_fw-la lib._n 7._o cap._n 1._o fol._n 46._o a._n to_o he_o si_fw-mi vero_fw-la fuerit_fw-la libre_fw-la sokemannus_n tunc_fw-la quidem_fw-la dividetur_fw-la hereditas_fw-la inter_fw-la omnes_fw-la filios_fw-la quotquot_fw-la sunt_fw-la per_fw-la part_n equales_fw-la si_fw-la fuerit_fw-la socagium_fw-la &_o id_fw-la antiquitus_fw-la divisum_fw-la eod_fw-la lib._n cap._n 3._o fol._n 49._o a._n brief_o be_v it_o so_o that_o gavelkind-land_n be_v partible_a by_o virtue_n either_o of_o the_o name_n or_o nature_n of_o it_o without_o accession_n and_o concurrence_n of_o custom_n than_o all_o land_n as_o soon_o as_o grant_v out_o in_o gavelkynd_n whereof_o example_n be_v obvious_a and_o till_o the_o 1._o statute_n of_o quia_fw-la emptores_fw-la terrarum_fw-la frequent_a be_v ipso_fw-la facto_fw-la partible_fw-fr contrary_a to_o that_o common_a and_o receive_a ground_n whereof_o before_o that_o none_o be_v such_o i._n e._n partible_a with_o we_o except_o that_o descend_v for_o want_n of_o male_n to_o female_n but_o what_o be_v so_o by_o custom_n as_o than_o not_o to_o the_o name_n so_o neither_o to_o the_o nature_n of_o gavelkynd-land_n alone_o be_v such_o partition_n owe_v and_o be_v it_o then_o to_o custom_n or_o prescription_n for_o the_o latter_a it_o be_v clear_o repugnant_a to_o what_o be_v before_o lay_v down_o by_o way_n of_o ground_n or_o principle_n it_o be_v a_o know_a rule_n in_o our_o law_n and_o obvious_a in_o our_o book_n that_o prescription_n in_o our_o kentish_a gavelkynd_n as_o it_o be_v not_o want_v so_o neither_o be_v it_o admit_v to_o come_v in_o plea._n what_o say_v we_o then_o to_o custom_n sure_o since_o neither_o to_o the_o name_n or_o nature_n of_o the_o land_n nor_o to_o prescription_n nor_o yet_o neither_o to_o the_o common_a law_n so_o diametrical_o opposite_a to_o it_o to_o that_o i_o mean_v to_o custom_n it_o be_v or_o i_o know_v not_o else_o to_o what_o that_o this_o partition_n main_o owe_v itself_o agreeable_a whereto_o be_v that_o of_o 5â—4_n mr._n lambard_n where_o he_o say_v that_o no_o gavelkynd_n partition_n can_v be_v challenge_v but_o only_o where_o the_o custom_n of_o division_n have_v prevail_v and_o that_o gavelkynd_n be_v not_o try_v by_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o socage_n service_n but_o only_o by_o the_o touch_n of_o some_o former_a partition_n but_o if_o so_o than_o a_o objection_n here_o meet_v we_o resolve_v into_o a_o question_n thus_o what_o shall_v then_o be_v say_v to_o gavelkynd_n land_n of_o novel_a tenure_n upon_o the_o grant_n of_o land_n â—ill_v then_o happy_o hold_v in_o demesne_n to_o one_o or_o more_o person_n in_o gavelkynd_n as_o be_v usual_a before_o that_o statute_n of_o quia_fw-la emptores_fw-la terrarum_fw-la and_o until_o when_o a_o man_n may_v create_v in_o his_o land_n what_o tenure_n he_o please_v grant_v out_o as_o â—_o bracton_n have_v it_o in_o socage_n what_o he_o hold_v in_o knight-service_n and_o è_fw-la conuerso_fw-la what_o i_o say_v shall_v we_o resolve_v concern_v the_o point_n of_o partition_n here_o since_o no_o particular_a custom_n or_o usage_n of_o partition_n have_v ever_o take_v place_n to_o give_v to_o such_o division_n either_o foundation_n or_o precedent_n we_o be_v here_o i_o think_v threaten_v with_o a_o dilemma_n for_o either_o the_o land_n be_v not_o partible_a dilemma_n and_o why_o then_o call_v gavelkynd_n or_o if_o partible_a yet_o not_o by_o custom_n be_v but_o new_o turn_v from_o some_o other_o tenure_n into_o gavelkynd_n and_o want_v both_o time_n and_o the_o daughter_n of_o it_o usage_n the_o b._n essential_n of_o a_o custom_n to_o render_v it_o partible_a that_o way_n here_o then_o be_v work_n for_o a_o oedipus_n but_o the_o resolution_n of_o the_o main_a doubt_n to_o which_o i_o will_v now_o more_o close_o apply_v my_o stile_n will_v at_o once_o clear_a both_o truth_n be_v then_o that_o it_o be_v neither_o from_o custom_n alone_o nor_o yet_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o gavelkynd-land_n alone_o that_o this_o partition_n spring_v but_o partly_o from_o the_o one_o partly_o from_o the_o other_o and_o so_o from_o both_o together_o it_o must_v be_v grant_v that_o gavelkynd_n land_n ex_fw-la svi_fw-la naturâ_fw-la be_v partible_a thus_o far_o and_o in_o this_o sense_n that_o by_o a_o inherent_a quality_n it_o be_v capable_a of_o partition_n by_o custom_n that_o indeed_o may_v and_o do_v render_v it_o partible_a as_o knight-service_n land_n proper_o it_o can_v by_o reason_n of_o a_o repugnancy_n thereto_o in_o the_o nature_n thereof_o but_o in_o this_o respect_n it_o differ_v not_o from_o socage_n land_n in_o general_n which_o by_o the_o nature_n of_o it_o be_v capable_a of_o partition_n and_o by_o custom_n may_v be_v and_o in_o many_o place_n extra_fw-la cantium_n be_v partible_a where_o the_o plea_n i_o take_v it_o ought_v to_o run_v quod_fw-la terra_fw-la illa_fw-la à _fw-la toto_fw-la tempore_fw-la etc._n etc._n partibilis_fw-la fuit_fw-la &_o partita_fw-la agreeable_a with_o that_o of_o glanvill_n si_fw-la fuerit_fw-la socagium_fw-la &_o id_fw-la antiquitùs_fw-la divisum_fw-la which_o bracton_n seem_v somewhat_o more_o full_o to_o explain_v by_o he_o si_fw-la haereditas_fw-la partibilis_fw-la sit_fw-la &_o ab_fw-la antiquo_fw-la divisa_fw-la now_o then_o reddendo_fw-la singula_fw-la singulis_fw-la that_o such_o land_n be_v partibilis_fw-la ay_o e._n partible_a the_o former_a part_n of_o plea_n be_v in_o kent_z from_o gavelkynd_n elsewhere_o in_o particular_a manor_n at_o least_o from_o socage_n that_o it_o be_v or_o rather_o be_v antiquitùs_fw-la partita_fw-la i._n e._n ancient_o part_v the_o plea_n latter_a part_n be_v from_o custom_n or_o prescription_n partition_n in_o the_o mean_a while_n in_o our_o gavelkynd_n be_v but_o a_o single_a property_n or_o branch_n thereof_o induce_v by_o custom_n the_o term_n in_o its_o full_a latitude_n comprehend_v all_o other_o property_n accompany_v land_n of_o that_o nature_n and_o tenure_n such_o as_o dower_n of_o the_o moiety_n suffer_v for_o felony_n without_o forfeiture_n of_o estate_n and_o the_o rest_n contain_v in_o the_o kentish_a custumal_a as_o proper_o depend_v of_o gavelkynd_n as_o partition_n do_v and_o in_o respect_n whereof_o the_o land_n may_v as_o well_o be_v call_v gavelkynd_n as_o because_o of_o partition_n but_o admit_v socage-land_n to_o be_v general_o by_o the_o objection_n nature_n of_o it_o consuetudine_fw-la mediante_fw-la capable_a of_o partition_n as_o well_o a_o gavelkynd_n how_o come_v it_o then_o to_o pass_v will_n some_o say_v that_o this_o partition-property_n be_v more_o appropriate_a to_o it_o than_o socage-land_n in_o general_n and_o that_o they_o so_o much_o differ_v in_o their_o term_n from_o the_o agreement_n of_o the_o kentish-man_n with_o the_o conqueror_n â—aith_o the_o common_a opinion_n i_o shall_v answer_v that_o anon_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n say_v we_o not_o but_o now_o that_o custom_n be_v the_o thing_n whereto_o we_o owe_v this_o partition_n and_o if_o so_o why_o then_o seek_v we_o any_o further_o after_o its_o original_n custom_n we_o know_v cease_v to_o be_v custom_n when_o once_o they_o can_v be_v trace_v to_o their_o first_o beginning_n it_o be_v the_o main_a essential_a part_n of_o a_o
custom_n to_o be_v of_o a_o unknown_a rise_n but_o be_v it_o so_o that_o custom_n carry_v such_o a_o stroke_n objection_n here_o what_o kind_n of_o custom_n be_v it_o or_o how_o shall_v we_o find_v such_o a_o custom_n for_o it_o as_o may_v consist_v with_o gavelkynd-land_n of_o novel_a tenure_n whereof_o before_o so_o often_o hic_fw-la laâ—or_fw-la hoc_fw-la opus_fw-la est_fw-la here_o be_v the_o point_n indeed_o why_o in_o solution_n short_a it_o be_v no_o other_o than_o a_o custom_n general_o spread_v itself_o throughout_o the_o whole_a country_n in_o land_n of_o that_o nature_n what_o elsewhere_o i_o mean_v in_o other_o shire_n and_o county_n they_o proper_o call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o socage_n whether_o free_a or_o base_a we_o here_o in_o kent_n be_v wont_a to_o call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o gavelkynd_n or_o if_o you_o please_v in_o 545._o mr._n lambards_n expression_n all_o socage_n service_n here_o proper_o so_o call_v be_v clothe_v with_o the_o apparel_n of_o gavelkynd_n and_o under_o it_o in_o a_o large_a acception_n be_v understand_v all_o such_o land_n within_o the_o county_n as_o be_v not_o knights-fee_n or_o knights-service_n land_n the_o term_n serve_v here_o as_o that_o of_o socage_n elsewhere_o to_o contradistinguish_v iâ—_n from_o knight-service_n land_n as_o fief_n roturier_n or_o rather_o â—nheritence_n roturier_n all_o other_o be_v improper_o and_o corrupt_o call_v fief_n or_o fee_n that_o be_v not_o hold_v militiae_fw-la gratiâ_fw-la the_o ground_n of_o all_o 260._o fee_n be_v use_v in_o normandy_n to_o difference_n that_o from_o fief_n de_fw-fr haubert_n or_o noble_a fief_n now_o into_o all_o land_n of_o this_o kind_n by_o a_o general_a or_o universal_a custom_n of_o the_o whole_a county_n have_v this_o property_n of_o partition_n be_v introduce_v insomuch_o as_o what_o land_n be_v grant_v out_o in_o gavelkynd_n by_o such_o as_o before_o hold_v it_o in_o dâ—mesne_n or_o the_o like_a as_o for_o want_v of_o time_n and_o usage_n it_o have_v no_o particular_a custom_n introductive_a of_o that_o property_n of_o partition_n so_o neither_o do_v it_o want_v the_o same_o the_o generality_n of_o the_o custom_n extend_v itself_o to_o all_o censual_a land_n or_o land_n let_v out_o for_o cens_n and_o suffice_v to_o render_v it_o partible_a as_o occasion_n shall_v be_v offer_v though_o but_o new_o dimise_v to_o this_o purpose_n 536._o mr._n lambard_n although_o say_v he_o iâ—_n be_v so_o that_o the_o land_n be_v never_o depart_v in_o deed_n yet_o if_o it_o remain_v partible_a in_o nature_n it_o may_v be_v depart_v whensoever_o occasion_n shall_v be_v minister_v grant_v out_o i_o say_v and_o hold_v in_o term_n for_o cens_n conceive_v a_o necessity_n of_o that_o or_o the_o like_a expression_n in_o the_o habendâ—m_fw-la or_o other_o part_n of_o the_o grant_n to_o make_v it_o capable_a of_o this_o and_o the_o other_o property_n incident_a to_o gavelkynd_n not_o intend_v here_o the_o very_a numerical_a word_n or_o term_n gavelkynd_n but_o that_o or_o some_o other_o of_o equivalent_a sense_n and_o signification_n with_o it_o for_o example_n reddendo_fw-la such_fw-mi or_o such_o a_o sum_n de_fw-fr gablo_fw-mi de_fw-fr censu_fw-la and_o the_o like_a whereof_o for_o illustration_n sake_n expect_v some_o copy_n of_o old_a grant_n in_o the_o 3._o appendix_n to_o this_o discourse_n these_o indeed_o &_o such_o as_o these_o be_v the_o more_o usual_a expression_n in_o elder_a grant_n that_o of_o tenendum_fw-la in_o gavelkynd_n &_o the_o like_a be_v seek_v of_o i_o in_o vain_a before_o h._n 2._o day_n nor_o afore-time_o do_v the_o term_n occur_v in_o any_o writing_n or_o monument_n whatsoever_o save_v only_o in_o this_o passage_n in_o spot_n st._n augustine_n monk_n and_o chronicler_n at_o canterbury_n who_o â—aith_n that_o anno_fw-la 1063._o abbas_n tradidit_fw-la terram_fw-la de_fw-fr dene_fw-mi in_fw-la gavelkende_v blakemanno_n &_o athelredo_fw-la â—iliis_fw-la brithmâ—â—i_fw-la but_o from_o hen._n 2._o day_n downward_o it_o be_v obvious_a in_o many_o grant_v of_o land_n record_v and_o extant_a in_o the_o leiger_n of_o christchurch_n canterbury_n the_o laâ—e_a abbey_n of_o st._n augustine_n there_o and_o many_o other_o of_o the_o kentish_a religious_a house_n until_o about_o the_o time_n of_o that_o 1._o statute_n quia_fw-la emptores_fw-la terrarum_fw-la which_o forbid_v the_o let_v out_o of_o land_n by_o any_o man_n to_o be_v hold_v of_o himself_o and_o consequent_o cut_v off_o all_o new_a tenor_n and_o the_o creation_n thereof_o stop_v the_o current_n of_o all_o such_o grant_n of_o land_n in_o gavelkynd_n for_o the_o future_a that_o such_o a_o expression_n as_o tenendum_fw-la in_fw-la or_o ad_fw-la gavelkynd_n or_o the_o like_a be_v necessary_a to_o render_v the_o grant_v land_n partible_a after_o the_o custom_n of_o gavelkynd_n without_o the_o help_n of_o prescription_n requisite_a in_o partible_a land_n elsewhere_o out_o of_o kent_n may_v in_o part_n appear_v by_o a_o record_n of_o a_o controversy_n happen_v now_o full_o 400_o year_n ago_o between_o one_o burga_n sometime_o the_o wife_n of_o peter_n the_o bend_v plaintiff_n and_o the_o prior_n and_o covent_n of_o christ-church_n canterbury_n deforciant_fw-la or_o defendant_n touch_v the_o moiety_n of_o the_o manor_n of_o well_o by_o they_o grant_v to_o her_o say_a husband_n ad_fw-la feodi_fw-la firmam_fw-la challenge_v by_o her_o feversham_n tanquam_fw-la francus_fw-la bancus_fw-la suus_fw-la which_o controversy_n be_v debate_v and_o decide_v in_o eire_n and_o be_v record_v in_o the_o leiger_n of_o that_o church_n from_o whence_o i_o shall_v present_v the_o reader_n with_o a_o copy_n of_o it_o not_o unworthy_a his_o perusal_n in_o the_o fore-remembred_n appendix_n scriptura_fw-la 5._o nevertheless_o it_o will_v here_o i_o think_v be_v necessary_a that_o we_o distinguish_v time_n for_o what_o at_o first_o in_o kent_n be_v only_o partible_a because_o of_o the_o tenure_n in_o gavelkynd_n i_o persuade_v myself_o be_v afterward_o in_o tract_n of_o time_n partible_a and_o do_v communicate_v with_o gavelkynd-land_n in_o that_o property_n by_o be_v socage_n land_n though_o not_o express_o hold_v in_o gavelkynd_n it_o suffice_v at_o length_n to_o show_v as_o 538._o mr._n lambard_n have_v it_o the_o custom_n at_o large_a and_o to_o say_v that_o the_o land_n lie_v in_o kent_n and_o that_o all_o the_o land_n there_o be_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o gavelkynd_n by_o what_o mean_v this_o be_v wrought_v or_o by_o what_o degree_n our_o socage_n land_n arrive_v at_o this_o universality_n of_o partiblenesse_n be_v not_o so_o easy_o discover_v that_o the_o sundry_a favour_n of_o gavelkynd_n custom_n shall_v iutice_v many_o to_o creep_v into_o it_o and_o by_o one_o and_o one_o upon_o occasion_n of_o the_o intestine_a trouble_n that_o ensue_v the_o deprivation_n of_o king_n richard_n the_o second_o to_o shroud_v and_o cover_v themselves_o under_o the_o safety_n and_o shadow_n of_o the_o privilege_n that_o do_v wait_v upon_o it_o be_v a_o opinion_n of_o some_o whereunto_o i_o can_v subscribe_v as_o conceive_v no_o tenor_n in_o gavelkynd_n to_o be_v so_o late_o as_o rich_a 2._o day_n which_o this_o opinion_n will_v infer_v with_o what_o consistencie_n with_o the_o 1._o statute_n of_o quia_fw-la emptores_fw-la terrarum_fw-la make_v so_o long_o before_o and_o prohibit_v the_o creation_n of_o new_a tenor_n i_o can_v see_v but_o to_o let_v the_o manner_n pass_v the_o thing_n the_o overspreading_a the_o country_n in_o process_n of_o time_n with_o this_o tenure_n be_v very_o obvious_a and_o apparent_a witness_v a_o ancient_a statute_n make_v anno_o 18._o hen._n 6._o cap._n 2_o take_v knowledge_n that_o there_o be_v not_o at_o that_o day_n within_o the_o shire_n above_o xl_o person_n which_o have_v land_n to_o the_o yearly_a value_n of_o xx_o pound_n without_o the_o tenure_n of_o gavelkind_a and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o this_o county_n or_o well_o nigh_o all_o be_v then_o within_o this_o tenure_n to_o proceed_v ascribe_v this_o property_n of_o partition_n in_o gavelkynd-land_n to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o country_n what_o shall_v be_v say_v then_o to_o the_o partible_a land_n more_o or_o less_o abroad_o in_o other_o county_n â—_o be_v such_o gavelkynd-land_n and_o so_o to_o be_v call_v or_o not_o or_o be_v it_o from_o gavelkynd_n that_o such_o partition_n there_o obtein_v i_o conceive_v not_o for_o first_o our_o kentish_a gavelkynd_n custom_n consider_v collective_o with_o respect_n to_o all_o its_o branch_n be_v not_o to_o be_v restrain_v to_o this_o one_o particular_a property_n but_o as_o before_o be_v intimate_v consist_v of_o many_o other_o as_o singular_a property_n beside_o and_o which_o may_v as_o well_o challenge_v a_o share_n and_o right_n in_o the_o custom_n name_n as_o may_v that_o of_o partition_n such_o as_o be_v dower_n of_o the_o moiety_n not_o to_o forfeit_v land_n for_o felony_n and_o the_o like_a and_o though_o in_o point_n of_o partition_n it_o may_v be_v like_o we_o in_o kent_n yet_o in_o other_o
wear_v and_o beat_v out_o of_o state_n and_o therefore_o of_o necessity_n lie_v over_o year_n and_o be_v convert_v from_o tillage_n to_o pasture_n until_o it_o may_v recover_v state_n and_o be_v fit_a for_o tillage_n again_o the_o term_n or_o denomination_n come_v from_o the_o french_a susanné_fw-fr signify_v stale_a grow_v old_a past_o the_o best_a or_o overwear_v with_o year_n the_o eleven_o forland_n the_o same_o i_o take_v it_o that_o forland_n we_o otherwise_o use_v to_o call_v fore-aker_n whereof_o see_v more_o in_o sir_n henry_n spelmans_fw-mi glossary_a verb._n forera_n the_o twelve_o and_o last_o bord-land_n that_o hold_v and_o bord-land_n occupy_v by_o the_o bordarii_n or_o bordmanuâ—_n the_o same_o i_o take_v it_o with_o the_o french_a bordâ—ers_n i._n e._n villein_n or_o cottager_n such_o as_o hold_v by_o a_o servile_a base_a and_o drudge_a tenure_n of_o they_o call_v bordage_n you_o may_v read_v both_o of_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o in_o the_o old_a grand_fw-fr custumier_fw-fr of_o normandy_n cap._n 53._o within_o the_o â—ignification_n of_o the_o word_n bordland_n be_v comprehend_v also_o as_o be_v already_o hinâ—ed_v in_o this_o chapter_n land_v hold_v in_o demesme_fw-fr of_o the_o saxon_n term_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o design_v to_o the_o furnish_n of_o the_o lord_n board_n or_o table_n and_o the_o maintenance_n of_o he_o and_o his_o family_n in_o victual_n for_o which_o see_v bracton_n lib._n 4._o tract_n 3._o cap._n 9_o num_fw-la 5._o which_o kind_n of_o fosterland_n land_n the_o saxon_n use_v to_o call_v fosterland_n quasi_fw-la foster_a land_n that_o be_v land_n ad_fw-la victum_fw-la a_o term_n obvious_a and_o very_a frequent_a with_o the_o religious_a man_n of_o those_o day_n who_o as_o they_o have_v their_o special_a ferm_n and_o portion_n of_o land_n assign_v they_o ad_fw-la victum_fw-la so_o have_v they_o other_o as_o peculiar_a to_o their_o clothing_n or_o apparel_v land_n ad_fw-la vestitum_fw-la which_o from_o the_o saxon_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d vestis_fw-la or_o vestimentum_fw-la they_o call_v scrudland_n they_o have_v withal_o their_o sextary-land_n sextary-land_n which_o be_v such_o as_o appertein_v to_o the_o office_n and_o be_v entrust_v to_o the_o care_n of_o the_o sacrist_n or_o sexton_n and_o be_v design_v chief_o to_o the_o uphold_v &_o maintenance_n of_o their_o church_n or_o temple_n both_o in_o the_o fabric_n and_o ornament_n beside_o all_o these_o they_o have_v their_o almesâ—and_n which_o be_v that_o appropriate_a to_o their_o almnery_n almestand_n a_o parcel_n or_o place_n of_o the_o monastery_n set_v apart_o for_o harbour_n and_o relief_n to_o such_o poor_a people_n for_o the_o most_o part_n as_o be_v ally_v or_o otherwise_o relate_v to_o the_o monk_n i_o may_v not_o heâ—e_o omit_v over-land_n a_o name_n attribute_v over-land_n to_o such_o land_n as_o lie_v by_o or_o along_o a_o river_n side_n and_o come_v of_o the_o saxon_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i._n e._n margo_fw-la the_o bank_n of_o a_o river_n whence_o that_o know_a place_n name_v lie_v by_o london_n alongst_o the_o thames-side_n call_v st._n marry_o oueris_n compound_v of_o the_o aforesaid_a over_o and_o ree_n betoken_v a_o river_n or_o current_n of_o water_n land_n of_o this_o name_n we_o have_v at_o or_o near_o ash_n in_o kent_n alongst_o the_o stour-side_n run_v to_o sandwich_n town_n and_o haven_n i_o may_v to_o these_o add_v monday-land_n and_o the_o like_a monday-land_n which_o with_o it_o fellow_n borrow_a denomination_n from_o this_o or_o that_o week_n day_n and_o that_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o tenant_n obligation_n to_o such_o or_o such_o servile_a work_n or_o service_n upon_o such_o or_o such_o day_n of_o the_o week_n in_o respect_n of_o that_o land_n but_o i_o purpose_v to_o digress_v no_o long_o have_v for_o brevity_n sake_n witting_o omit_v the_o quotation_n of_o the_o place_n where_o these_o several_a name_n occur_v which_o otherwise_o i_o shall_v willing_o have_v add_v and_o shall_v only_o in_o the_o appendix_n scriptura_fw-la 23._o present_v the_o reader_n with_o a_o copy_n of_o a_o saxon_a charter_n make_v mention_n of_o those_o two_o fosterland_n and_o scrudland_n as_o somewhat_o more_o remarkable_a than_o the_o rest_n now_o return_v to_o our_o bocland_n you_o must_v know_v that_o notwithstanding_o that_o introduction_n of_o new_a tenor_n by_o the_o conqueror_n we_o do_v not_o straightway_o forgo_v our_o bocland_n that_o kind_n of_o tenure_n i_o mean_v but_o retain_v it_o both_o name_n and_o thing_n witness_v first_o what_o occurr_v in_o cantuar._n a_o deed_n sans_o date_n of_o certain_a message_n by_o roger_n son_n of_o john_n alderman_n of_o radingate_n in_o canterbury_n grant_v in_o frankalmoigne_n to_o st._n laurence_n hospital_n near_o the_o city_n found_v by_o hugh_n of_o that_o name_n the_o second_o abbot_z of_o st._n augustine_n there_o in_o the_o year_n 1137._o viz._n duo_o messuagia_fw-la quae_fw-la sita_fw-la sunt_fw-la in_o terra_fw-la d_o bocland_n de_fw-fr qua_fw-la nulli_fw-la respondeâ—_n etc._n etc._n where_o we_o have_v not_o only_a bocland_n mention_v but_o the_o nature_n of_o it_o also_o in_o part_n seâ—_n forth_o witness_v also_o another_o passage_n to_o the_o same_o effect_n in_o a_o like_o ancient_a cant._n charter_n to_o the_o church_n of_o canterbury_n for_o the_o grant_n of_o a_o parcel_n of_o land_n lie_v without_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o city_n between_o queningate_n and_o burgâ—â—e_n run_v thus_o volo_fw-la autem_fw-la ut_fw-la monachi_fw-la teneant_fw-la terram_fw-la illam_fw-la omnino_fw-la liberam_fw-la sicut_fw-la ego_fw-la &_o antecessores_fw-la mei_fw-la &_o nemini_fw-la inde_fw-la respondeant_fw-la witness_v last_o domesday_n book_n itself_o where_o though_o haply_o not_o the_o name_n of_o it_o as_o neither_o of_o folcland_n saxon_a term_n both_o yet_o the_o thing_n to_o my_o apprehension_n be_v very_o obvious_a and_o often_o occur_v under_o the_o name_n and_o notion_n sometime_o of_o tainland_n otherwhile_o and_o i_o think_v more_o often_o of_o allodium_fw-la hence_o the_o phrase_n for_o the_o former_a of_o 170._o clamare_fw-la ad_fw-la tainland_n of_o tenere_fw-la in_o alodio_n for_o the_o other_o both_o take_v up_o as_o i_o conceive_v in_o opposition_n to_o fee_n but_o the_o former_a so_o term_v because_o indeed_o bocland_n or_o alodium_n be_v proper_o tenable_a by_o thanes_z hence_o in_o the_o eleven_o chapter_n of_o king_n cnute_n law_n par_fw-fr 1._o thegn_n and_o bocland_n in_o the_o original_a saxon_a as_o thegen_n and_o allodium_fw-la in_o the_o latin_a version_n in_o textus_fw-la roffensis_fw-la meet_v as_o relative_n not_o but_o that_o it_o be_v sometime_o hold_v by_o ceorles_n as_o who_o be_v not_o incapable_a of_o hold_v it_o witness_v the_o old_a version_n of_o the_o saxon_a fragment_n in_o mr._n lambard_n whereof_o before_o but_o when_o so_o as_o improper_o there_o and_o as_o much_o out_o of_o place_n as_o knight_n fee_n proper_a to_o knight_n and_o the_o noble_a sort_n of_o people_n be_v in_o this_o kingdom_n since_o and_o at_o this_o day_n in_o socagers_n hand_n or_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o sockman_n who_o proper_a tenure_n be_v that_o of_o gafolland_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o you_o have_v it_o before_o i_o have_v often_o much_o wonder_v with_o myself_o whence_o it_o shall_v come_v to_o pass_v that_o diverse_a of_o our_o canterbury_n house_n and_o ground_n at_o this_o day_n pay_v no_o quitrent_n at_o all_o which_o other_o in_o the_o same_o place_n though_o hold_v in_o free_a burgage_n be_v know_v to_o do_v but_o consider_v afterward_o with_o myself_o that_o bocland_n often_o occurr_v in_o canterbury_n landboc_n as_o they_o be_v call_v of_o the_o place_n in_o the_o saxon_n time_n i_o at_o length_n conclude_v at_o least_o conceive_v such_o house_n and_o ground_n to_o be_v the_o remain_v of_o our_o ancient_a bocland_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v still_o survive_v in_o they_o as_o if_o hold_v in_o allodium_fw-la pleno_fw-la jure_fw-la without_o all_o manner_n of_o chargeable_a service_n and_o no_o other_o probable_o than_o part_n of_o those_o eighty_o acre_n of_o land_n or_o the_o like_a in_o canterbury_n survey_n in_o domesday-book_n thus_o express_v habet_fw-la etiam_fw-la it_o be_v speak_v of_o ranulfus_n de_fw-fr columber_n quater_fw-la viginti_fw-la aâ—r_fw-la as_o terrae_fw-la super_fw-la haec_fw-la quas_fw-la tenebant_fw-la burgenses_n in_o alodio_n so_o i_o read_v it_o rather_o than_o alodia_n de_fw-fr rege_fw-la or_o as_o a_o very_a ancient_a book_n sometime_o of_o st._n augustine_n abbey_n now_o with_o the_o king_n remembrancer_n in_o the_o exchequer_n read_v it_o item_n dicuat_fw-la burgenses_n quod_fw-la idem_fw-la ranulfus_n tenet_fw-la quatuâ—r_fw-la viginti_fw-la agros_fw-la de_fw-la allodiis_fw-la eorum_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o same_o domesday-book_n to_o prosecute_v this_o discourse_n of_o allodium_fw-la a_o little_a further_o make_v mention_v particular_o of_o some_o allodiarii_n by_o name_n in_o that_o kentish_a survey_n allodiarii_fw-la and_o there_o also_o we_o may_v read_v to_o this_o
vectigal_n civilian_n be_v call_v ager_n vectigalis_fw-la as_o be_v liable_a only_o to_o so_o much_o yearly_a rent_n without_o any_o other_o service_n regular_o unless_o fealty_n suit_n of_o court_n or_o the_o like_a according_a as_o the_o feoffment_n may_v run_v and_o have_v nothing_o to_o do_v with_o the_o plough_n to_o become_v socage_n this_o make_v escuage_z certain_a another_o tenure_n of_o no_o relation_n at_o all_o to_o the_o plough_n but_o quatenus_fw-la escuage_z as_o it_o be_v simple_o escuage_z eo_fw-la ipso_fw-la of_o b._n knight-service_n because_o by_o be_v certain_a it_o draw_v he_o not_o forth_o to_o any_o corporal_a service_n in_o war_n to_o be_v also_o term_v socage_n while_o contrariwise_o what_o be_v proper_o call_v escuage_z that_o namely_o which_o be_v uncertain_a and_o so_o call_v because_o beside_o its_o subjection_n to_o homage_n fealty_n ward_n and_o marriage_n it_o be_v uncertain_a how_o often_o a_o man_n shall_v be_v call_v to_o follow_v his_o lord_n into_o the_o war_n and_o again_o what_o his_o charge_n will_v be_v in_o each_o journey_n from_o be_v liable_a i_o say_v to_o this_o uncertainty_n of_o duty_n be_v escuage_z knight-service_n hence_o four_a it_o be_v that_o burgage_n a_o tenure_n no_o way_n smell_v of_o the_o plough_n or_o tillage_n be_v currant_n and_o conversant_a only_o in_o city_n and_o town_n because_o hold_v for_o a_o certain_a annual_a rent_n become_v with_o the_o rest_n socage_n hence_o also_o our_o kentish_a gavelkynd_n consider_v in_o its_o name_n or_o term_n betoken_v censual_a land_n of_o no_o affinity_n with_o the_o plough_n or_o plough-service_n because_o i_o say_v hold_v per_fw-la certa_fw-la servitia_fw-la come_v to_o be_v call_v socage_n the_o like_a may_v be_v say_v of_o frank_n ferme_fw-fr and_o other_o the_o remain_a species_n of_o socage-land_n one_o and_o all_o as_o proper_o so_o call_v as_o right_o and_o with_o as_o much_o reason_n refer_v to_o that_o head_n of_o our_o english_a tenor_n as_o that_o which_o for_o its_o plough_n or_o tillage_n service_n be_v say_v to_o be_v more_o peculiarly_a so_o call_v stand_v not_o in_o need_n of_o that_o distinction_n which_o the_o common_a opinion_n use_v to_o bring_v they_o within_o the_o compass_n of_o it_o call_v ab_fw-la effectu_fw-la because_o of_o like_a effect_n and_o incident_n belong_v to_o they_o with_o socage_n tenure_n a_o distinction_n by_o this_o derivation_n render_v frivolous_a and_o needless_a and_o under_o favour_n therefore_o as_o fit_a to_o be_v lay_v aside_o as_o their_o 36_o assertion_n be_v to_o be_v retract_v who_o to_o vindicate_v the_o retain_v of_o the_o name_n of_o socage_n as_o of_o use_n only_o to_o distinguish_v that_o from_o a_o tenure_n by_o knight-service_n affirm_v that_o the_o cause_n whereupon_o the_o name_n of_o socage_n first_o grow_v viz._n plough-service_n be_v take_v away_o by_o the_o change_n of_o such_o service_n into_o money_n whereas_o presuppose_v our_o present_a derivation_n of_o socage_n to_o be_v admit_v both_o name_n and_o cause_n still_o continue_v thus_o much_o for_o socage_n a_o term_n that_o to_o i_o first_o occurr_n in_o glanvill_n never_o as_o yet_o in_o any_o elder_a record_n in_o a_o roll_n of_o cant._n account_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n manor_n for_o the_o six_o year_n of_o archbishop_n baldwyn_n glanvill_n coaetanean_a and_o companion_n in_o his_o voyage_n and_o expedition_n with_o king_n richard_n the_o first_o to_o the_o holy_a land_n which_o by_o computation_n be_v the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1190._o it_o occur_v by_o the_o name_n of_o soggagium_n thus_o super_fw-la soggagium_fw-la london_n remanent_fw-la xx_o d._n and_o this_o in_o croyden_n manor_n there_o among_o the_o expense_n and_o deduction_n follow_v the_o receipt_n of_o that_o year_n which_o i_o mention_v not_o as_o conceive_v it_o no_o elder_a than_o hen._n 2._o day_n yes_o i_o rather_o hold_v socmannus_fw-la socmanria_fw-la and_o socagium_fw-la to_o be_v relative_n and_o consequent_o that_o where_o the_o one_o occurr_n the_o rest_n be_v imply_v but_o socmannus_fw-la be_v obvious_a in_o domesday-book_n and_o less_o ancient_a therefore_o i_o persuade_v myself_o socage_n and_o socmanry_n be_v not_o nunc_fw-la age_n carp_n viam_fw-la susceptum_fw-la perfice_fw-la munus_fw-la aâ—nâ—id_n now_o therefore_o to_o come_v to_o our_o quaere_fw-la whether_o gavelkynd_n be_v a_o tenure_n or_o a_o custom_n and_o give_v it_o a_o answer_n i_o confess_v there_o be_v that_o in_o some_o sort_n hold_v the_o negative_a as_o who_o will_v have_v it_o to_o be_v a_o custom_n accompany_v the_o land_n where_o it_o obtain_v rather_o than_o a_o tenure_n whereby_o the_o land_n be_v hold_v hold_v the_o while_o the_o tenure_n to_o be_v socage_n and_o of_o this_o opinion_n 537._o mr._n lambard_n do_v more_o than_o seem_v to_o be_v now_o between_o tenure_n and_o custom_n in_o this_o case_n with_o we_o the_o difference_n as_o i_o collect_v stand_v thus_o admit_v it_o only_o a_o tenure_n and_o then_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o land_n be_v not_o concern_v in_o point_n of_o descent_n so_o that_o in_o some_o case_n as_o the_o escheat_n of_o it_o by_o death_n or_o cessavit_fw-la to_o the_o lord_n that_o hold_v over_o by_o knight-service_n or_o to_o the_o crown_n by_o forfeicture_n in_o treason_n and_o the_o like_a it_o cease_v to_o be_v any_o long_o of_o gavelkynd-nature_n in_o point_n of_o descent_n and_o go_v not_o as_o before_z to_o all_o but_o only_o to_o the_o elder_a of_o the_o son_n according_a to_o the_o course_n of_o the_o common_a law_n whereas_o if_o it_o be_v a_o custom_n follow_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o land_n than_o it_o be_v say_v they_o inseparable_a from_o that_o land_n where_o it_o obtain_v insomuch_o as_o notwithstanding_o this_o escheat_n or_o whatever_o other_o alteration_n of_o the_o tenure_n it_o remain_v as_o before_o partible_a among_o all_o the_o son_n or_o other_o heir_n where_o son_n be_v want_v but_o to_o the_o point_n b._n to_o prove_v gavelkynd_n to_o be_v a_o â—enure_n i_o shall_v not_o need_v i_o think_v to_o multiply_v authority_n the_o generality_n of_o those_o ancient_a deed_n that_o i_o have_v see_v for_o the_o grant_v land_n in_o gavelkynd_n whereof_o some_o be_v exhibit_v in_o the_o appendix_n be_v wont_a to_o have_v their_o tenendum_n the_o usual_a and_o more_o proper_a place_n for_o the_o creation_n of_o a_o tenure_n in_o any_o kind_n of_o grant_n thus_o phrased_a tenendum_fw-la either_o ad_fw-la or_o in_fw-la gavelikendam_fw-la or_o the_o like_a the_o office_n recite_v of_o mr._n lambard_n in_o his_o peramb_v pag._n 540._o find_v after_o the_o death_n of_o walter_n culpepper_n be_v alike_o phrased_a tenuit_fw-la in_o gavelkind_n be_v a_o much_o repeat_v passage_n in_o it_o the_o statute_n 18._o hen._n 6._o cap._n 3._o in_o term_n call_v it_o a_o tenure_n take_v knowledge_n that_o there_o be_v not_o at_o that_o day_n within_o the_o shire_n above_o 40._o person_n at_o the_o most_o which_o have_v land_n to_o the_o yearly_a value_n of_o xx_o pound_n without_o the_o tenure_n of_o gazelkynd_n and_o that_o the_o great_a party_n of_o this_o county_n or_o well_o nigh_o all_o be_v then_o within_o that_o tenure_n and_o this_o alone_a which_o i_o shall_v add_v may_v evince_v and_o clear_v it_o to_o be_v a_o tenure_n that_o since_o the_o statute_n of_o quia_fw-la emptores_fw-la terrarum_fw-la anno_fw-la 18._o edw._n 1._o prohibit_v the_o subject_n to_o let_v land_n to_o be_v hold_v of_o himself_o as_o there_o be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v any_o more_o grant_n of_o land_n objection_n pro_fw-la homagio_fw-la &_o sâ—rvitio_fw-la so_o neither_o in_o gavelkynd_n for_o brevity_n sake_n i_o will_v urge_v no_o more_o authority_n of_o this_o kind_n be_v thus_o then_o apparent_o a_o tenure_n how_o come_v it_o to_o pass_v that_o we_o so_o usual_o call_v it_o the_o custom_n of_o gavelkynd_n seldom_o either_o make_v or_o find_v mention_n of_o gavelkynd_n but_o with_o that_o adjunct_n and_o under_o that_o notion_n of_o custom_n indeed_o the_o property_n of_o equal_a partition_n be_v and_o have_v so_o solution_n long_o be_v of_o that_o eminency_n in_o our_o kentish_a gavelkynd_n and_o it_o so_o much_o celebrate_v for_o that_o property_n that_o as_o if_o it_o be_v the_o sole_a and_o only_a property_n of_o it_o all_o the_o other_o in_o respect_n whereof_o this_o land_n may_v as_o well_o be_v call_v gavelkynd_n as_o for_o this_o be_v as_o it_o be_v forget_v and_o that_o only_o carry_v away_o the_o name_n from_o its_o fellow_n whereas_o that_o of_o partition_n as_o have_v be_v say_v before_o be_v but_o one_o among_o the_o many_o other_o property_n and_o custom_n in_o our_o kentish_a gavelkynd_n such_o as_o dower_n of_o the_o moiety_n a._n loss_n of_o dower_n by_o marriage_n before_o or_o after_o assignment_n b._n not_o to_o forfeict_n land_n for_o felony_n power_n of_o alienation_n at_o fifteen_o year_n of_o age_n and_o the_o rest_n obvious_a
vestrâ_fw-la authoritate_fw-la &_o nomine_fw-la vestro_fw-la per_fw-la ministros_fw-la vestros_fw-la res_fw-la &_o possessiones_fw-la nostras_fw-la invadit_fw-la cum_fw-la nichil_fw-la ad_fw-la eum_fw-la spectent_fw-la set_v nos_fw-la teneamus_fw-la post_fw-la deum_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la de_fw-la vobis_fw-la sicut_fw-la &_o ipse_fw-la quod_fw-la manifestum_fw-la est_fw-la decedentibus_fw-la archiepiscopis_fw-la quia_fw-la terrae_fw-la eorum_fw-la statim_fw-la confiscantur_fw-la à _fw-la seculo_fw-la autem_fw-la inauditum_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la possessiones_fw-la nostrae_fw-la confiscatae_fw-la fuerint_fw-la aliquo_fw-la tempore_fw-la quapropter_fw-la supplicamus_fw-la ut_fw-la maturiùs_fw-la pro_fw-la deo_fw-la dum_fw-la potestis_fw-la haec_fw-la corrigi_fw-la faciatis_fw-la cum_fw-la fortè_fw-la tunc_fw-la voletis_fw-la velitis_fw-la cum_fw-la non_fw-la poteritis_fw-la potueritis_fw-la valeat_fw-la donatio_fw-la wolgithae_n de_fw-la manerio_fw-la de_fw-fr stisted_n a._n d._n 1046._o here_o appear_v in_o this_o writing_n how_o wolgith_n give_v 85._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d her_o substance_n after_o her_o departure_n which_o to_o her_o the_o almighty_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d god_n give_v in_o life_n to_o use_v that_o be_v then_o first_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o my_o lord_n his_o right_a heriot_n and_o i_o give_v that_o land_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d at_o stistede_n with_o by_o god_n testimony_n witness_n &_o my_o friend_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o christchurch_n to_o the_o monk_n for_o victum_fw-la sustenance_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d on_o this_o condition_n that_o elikitel_n &_o kytel_n my_o child_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d use_v those_o land_n for_o their_o time_n day_n &_o afterward_o go_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o land_n to_o christchurch_n without_o any_o deduction_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d for_o my_o soul_n &_o for_o elfwine_n my_o lord_n &_o for_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d all_o my_o child_n &_o be_v half_o the_o man_n free_a after_o their_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d death_n day_n and_o i_o give_v to_o the_o church_n at_o stistede_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o beside_o that_o which_o i_o in_o life_n give_v eldemesland_n &_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d withal_o thereto_o hyeken_v that_o there_o be_v in_o all_o fifty_o acre_n in_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d champion_n field_n after_o my_o departure_n and_o i_o give_v to_o wolk_n &_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d kytel_n my_o son_n that_o land_n at_o walsingham_n &_o at_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d charlton_n &_o herlingham_n and_o i_o give_v to_o my_o two_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d daughter_n good_a &_o boat_n sexlingham_n &_o summerledeton_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d &_o to_o the_o church_n at_o sumerl_n sixteen_o acre_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d of_o land_n &_o one_o acre_n of_o meadow_n and_o i_o give_v to_o ealgyth_fw-mi 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d my_o daughter_n that_o land_n at_o cherteker_n and_o at_o ashford_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o the_o wood_n which_o i_o lay_v thereto_o and_o i_o give_v to_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d godwine_n earl_n and_o harald_n earl_n frithton_n and_o i_o give_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o christchurch_n to_o christ_n altar_n one_o little_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d gild_a crucifix_n cross_n and_o one_o carpet_n and_o i_o give_v to_o s._n edmund_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d two_o bone_a horn_n and_o i_o give_v to_o s._n etheldrith_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d one_o woollen_a kyrtel_n and_o i_o give_v to_o s._n osyth_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d half_n a_o pound_n of_o money_n and_o i_o give_v to_o austin_n one_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d carpet_n and_o he_o that_o my_o will_n testament_n bereave_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o i_o now_o bequeath_v ordain_v have_v with_o by_o god_n witness_n testimony_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d bereave_v let_v he_o be_v of_o these_o earthly_a joy_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d &_o cut_v off_o he_o the_o almighty_a lord_n which_o all_o creature_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d create_v &_o make_v from_o all_o saint_n holy_a man_n communion_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d at_o in_o domesday_n &_o be_v he_o deliver_v to_o satam_fw-la the_o devil_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d &_o all_o his_o curse_a companion_n into_o hell_n bottom_n &_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d there_o torture_v perish_v with_o god_n reprobate_n denier_n heir_n without_o intermission_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d &_o my_o heir_n never_o to_o trouble_v s_o of_o this_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v for_o witness_n edward_n king_n &_o many_o other_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d donatio_fw-la terrarum_fw-la apud_fw-la apoldre_n orpinton_n palstre_n werhorne_n wittrisham_n ecclesiae_fw-la christi_fw-la cantuariae_fw-la per_fw-la aedsium_fw-la presbyterum_fw-la de_fw-la consensu_fw-la cnuti_n regis_fw-la &_o aelfgifae_n reginae_fw-la ann_n 1032._o here_o appear_v by_o in_o this_o writing_n how_o cnut_n king_n 120._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d &_o aelfgife_n his_o lady_n give_v to_o eadsy_v their_o priest_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d when_o he_o turn_v monk_n that_o he_o may_v dispose_v convey_v that_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d land_n at_o apuldore_n as_o to_o himself_o most_o please_a be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d then_o give_v he_o it_o to_o christchurch_n to_o god_n servant_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d for_o his_o soul_n &_o he_o it_o buy_v that_o of_o the_o covent_n for_o his_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d day_n &_o aedwine_n with_o four_o pound_n on_o that_o condition_n contract_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o man_n deliver_v every_o year_n to_o christchurch_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d three_o weigh_v of_o cheese_n from_o that_o land_n &_o three_o cados_fw-la bundle_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d of_o eel_n &_o after_o his_o day_n &_o aedwine_n go_v that_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d land_n into_o christchurch_n with_o meat_n and_o with_o entire_o man_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d even_o as_o it_o then_o improve_v enrich_v be_v for_o eadsies_n soul_n and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d he_o buy_v that_o land_n at_o werhorne_n of_o the_o covent_n for_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d his_o day_n and_o eadwine_n also_o with_o four_o pound_n than_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d go_v that_o land_n forth_o with_o the_o other_o after_o his_o day_n &_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d edwine_n to_o christchurch_n with_o the_o stock_n crop_n that_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d there_o then_o on_o be_v &_o that_o land_n for_o his_o day_n at_o berwick_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o he_o obtain_v of_o his_o lord_n cnute_n king_n &_o he_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d give_v also_o those_o land_n at_o orpington_n in_o his_o day_n for_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d his_o soul_n to_o christchurch_n to_o god_n servant_n for_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d clothing_n garment_n land_n which_o he_o buy_v with_o eighty_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d weight_n mark_n of_o white_a silver_n by_o husting_n weight_n &_o he_o give_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d also_o those_o land_n at_o palstre_n &_o at_o wittresham_n after_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d his_o day_n &_o edwine_n forth_o with_o the_o other_o to_o god_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d servant_n for_o fosterland_n for_o his_o soul_n this_o bequest_n fosterland_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d he_o give_v to_o the_o covent_n on_o this_o condition_n contract_n that_o they_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d ever_o he_o well_o observe_v &_o to_o he_o faithful_a be_v in_o life_n &_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d after_o life_n &_o if_o they_o by_o with_o any_o unadvisednesse_n with_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d he_o this_o condition_n contract_n shall_v break_v then_o stand_v it_o in_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d his_o own_o power_n how_o he_o afterward_o his_o own_o dispose_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d will_n of_o this_o be_v for_o witness_v cnute_n king_n &_o aelfgife_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d his_o lady_n &_o aethelnoth_n archb._n &_o aelfstan_n a_o b._n &_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o covent_n at_o s._n austin_n &_o brihtric_a young_a &_o aetheric_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d husbandman_n &_o thorth_o thurkille_v nephew_n and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d tofi_fw-la &_o aelfwine_v priest_n &_o eadwold_n priest_n and_o all_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d king_n counselor_n and_o this_o writing_n be_v tripartite_a threefold_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d one_o be_v at_o christchurch_n and_o one_o at_o s._n augustine_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o one_o have_v eadsy_a to_o with_o himself_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d finis_fw-la i_o have_v peruse_v this_o learned_a treatise_n of_o gavelkynd_n and_o judge_v it_o very_o fit_a to_o be_v publish_v april_n 7._o