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praestato_fw-la molmutii_fw-la praestato_fw-la leges_fw-la molmutii_fw-la duawalloâ—is_fw-la gildas_n cambrius_n in_o latinum_fw-la sermonem_fw-la transtulit_fw-la &_o alphredus_fw-la magnus_fw-la in_o saxonicum_fw-la balaeus_n in_o vita_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la molmutii_fw-la which_o book_n i_o suppose_v contain_v their_o ancient_a law_n translate_v out_o of_o the_o british_a though_o perhaps_o since_o the_o receive_n of_o christianity_n intermingle_v with_o much_o of_o the_o mosaical-judicial-law_n introduce_v both_o by_o the_o britain_n and_o the_o zealous-primitive-christian-saxon_a king_n to_o which_o law_n and_o perhaps_o may_v be_v the_o effect_n thereof_o eleutherius_fw-la the_o pope_n or_o bishop_n of_o rome_n counsel_v and_o refer_v lucius_n the_o brytain_n long_a time_n afore_o this_o age_n we_o be_v now_o write_v of_o i_o be_o not_o ignorant_a that_o they_o have_v diversity_n of_o law_n as_o they_o be_v improper_o call_v viz._n merchenlaege_n westsaxonlaege_n and_o danelaege_n 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or_o commot_n which_o as_o i_o say_v before_o confisted_a of_o twelve_o manor_n or_o circuit_n and_o two_o township_n which_o two_o township_n be_v belong_v to_o the_o prince_n through_o out_o each_o commot_n in_o the_o principality_n of_o wales_n for_o in_o the_o person_n of_o this_o howel_n the_o territory_n of_o north-wales_n and_o south-wales_n be_v unite_v as_o himself_o in_o the_o authorens_n the_o m_o s._n penes_fw-la authorens_n prooemium_fw-la of_o his_o law_n do_v declare_v this_o gavel_n in_o the_o description_n aforesaid_a seem_v to_o be_v a_o large_a apportionment_n of_o land_n belong_v to_o a_o report_n a_o which_o by_o the_o irish_a be_v call_v canfimiy_n and_o be_v the_o chief_a of_o their_o gavel_n or_o rhin-taloon_a see_v davies_n his_o irish_a report_n pen-cennedl_a or_o chief_a of_o a_o family_n or_o clan_n and_o do_v per_fw-la eminentiam_fw-la signify_v the_o tenure_n that_o be_v to_o say_v their_o gavel_n this_o be_v only_o or_o at_o the_o least_o most_o notable_o know_v by_o they_o so_o that_o every_o pen-cennedl_a in_o his_o gavel_n have_v four_o rhandir_n that_o be_v sort_n or_o part_n hereditariae_fw-la ready_a divide_v and_o apportion_v for_o his_o cennedl_n or_o generation_n and_o not_o only_o so_o but_o also_o a_o sub-division_n of_o many_o tenement_n under_o the_o rhandir_n show_v perfect_o a_o gavel_n tenure_n or_o hold_v exact_o observe_v even_o in_o their_o general_a partition_n of_o land_n and_o this_o so_o ancient_a at_o least_o as_o the_o time_n when_o howel-dda_a collect_v these_o law_n which_o be_v about_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 942._o so_o that_o the_o true_a genuine_a signification_n of_o all_o be_v tota_n part_v hereditariae_fw-la in_o tenura_n that_o be_v each_o gavel_n or_o tenure_n do_v consist_v of_o so_o many_o rhandir_n or_o hereditary_a division_n ready_a part_v each_o of_o these_o tenor_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v so_o order_v as_o to_o admit_v of_o a_o division_n and_o if_o need_n be_v of_o sub-division_n also_o that_o so_o a_o township_n may_v the_o more_o apt_o be_v constitute_v for_o the_o execution_n of_o this_o common_a tenure_n and_o these_o so_o hold_v in_o or_o rather_o by_o their_o gafael_n be_v not_o only_o the_o ancient_a villati_fw-la or_o villani_n among_o the_o britain_n but_o also_o the_o gentry_n lord_n and_o prince_n himself_o be_v subject_a to_o it_o the_o use_n of_o the_o word_n viz._n gavel_n to_o a_o proper_a signification_n i_o have_v show_v and_o that_o also_o extra_n cantium_n to_o which_o county_n mr._n s._n do_v labour_n to_o monopolise_v it_o and_o the_o use_n thereof_o for_o several_a hundred_o of_o year_n past_a even_o at_o such_o a_o time_n when_o the_o correspondency_n in_o probability_n betwixt_o the_o britain_n and_o saxon_n be_v so_o small_a and_o the_o odium_n so_o great_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o unforgotten_a intrusion_n of_o the_o last_o that_o in_o that_o continue_a state_n of_o war_n it_o be_v not_o probable_a they_o will_v have_v accept_v of_o any_o saxon_a custom_n by_o a_o name_n so_o insignificant_a to_o the_o thing_n as_o ancient_o the_o etymology_n of_o it_o be_v receive_v or_o so_o little_a to_o the_o matter_n as_o mr._n s_n novel_a exposition_n will_v render_v it_o or_o to_o the_o rational_a use_n thereof_o but_o i_o have_v already_o show_v in_o the_o foregoing_a discourse_n in_o what_o sense_n the_o britain_n have_v receive_v it_o and_o also_o what_o doctor_n davies_n in_o his_o cambro-british_a dictionary_n which_o in_o my_o judgement_n be_v a_o elaborate_v and_o critical_a piece_n have_v say_v and_o exemplify_v thereupon_o for_o he_o it_o be_v that_o not_o only_o affirm_v gafaelu_n by_o english_a letter_n pronounce_v gavay_o to_o signify_v tenere_fw-la to_o hold_v as_o before_o i_o have_v say_v but_o also_o gafael_n by_o english_a letter_n speak_v gavel_n the_o word_n in_o controversy_n to_o be_v tenura_n a_o hold_n but_o for_o the_o statutum_n walliae_n which_o mr._n s._n discourse_v
be_v have_v to_o the_o condition_n and_o quality_n of_o the_o land_n in_o say_v 374._o say_v pag._n 374._o sicut_fw-la de_fw-fr gavelkynd_n vel_fw-la alibi_fw-la ubi_fw-la terra_fw-la partibilis_fw-la est_fw-la ratione_fw-la terrae_fw-la then_o will_v i_o be_v inform_v what_o they_o mean_v by_o this_o ratione_fw-la terrae_fw-la for_o if_o the_o ratio_fw-la rei_fw-la signify_v the_o tenure_n than_o the_o ratio_fw-la terrae_fw-la shall_v have_v relation_n to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o soil_n for_o sure_a it_o can_v have_v relation_n to_o the_o distance_n or_o difference_n by_o the_o celestial_a degree_n i_o can_v i_o confess_v apprehend_v the_o nicety_n of_o the_o distinction_n and_o therefore_o pass_v to_o that_o which_o mr._n 44._o mr._n pag._n 44._o s._n say_v that_o that_o property_n alone_o of_o the_o land_n be_v gavelkynd_n or_o so_o call_v do_v not_o suffice_v to_o render_v it_o partible_n if_o the_o question_n be_v so_o far_o obtain_v and_o grant_v that_o gavel-kind_n signify_v natura_fw-la redditus_fw-la and_o that_o that_o be_v the_o genuine_a etymology_n thereof_o then_o must_v it_o be_v true_a and_o concede_v but_o on_o the_o contrary_a i_o know_v much_o gavelkynd_n land_n that_o be_v not_o subject_v to_o rent_n how_o will_v it_o then_o answer_v the_o tenor_n derivation_n and_o signification_n whereas_o in_o this_o exposition_n of_o the_o â—erm_n that_o i_o have_v give_v viz._n tenura_n progenici_fw-la aut_fw-la familias_fw-la division_n significant_o reside_v in_o its_o name_n and_o nature_n i_o be_o sure_a the_o inference_n be_v so_o strong_a that_o where_o there_o be_v gavelkynd_n there_o be_v partition_n and_o it_o may_v as_o proper_o be_v say_v that_o the_o tenure_n of_o burgh-english_a by_o the_o intrinsical_a value_v of_o its_o name_n do_v not_o import_n the_o young_a son_n shall_v inherit_v the_o land_n as_o that_o gavelkind_a do_v not_o infer_v a_o regular_a participation_n upon_o partition_n by_o the_o parcener_n which_o to_o strengthen_v it_o the_o more_o be_v now_o become_v a_o ancient_a custom_n and_o this_o sir_n 165._o sir_n lib._n 2._o sect._n 165._o edward_n coke_n say_v be_v one_o of_o the_o main_a triangle_n of_o the_o law_n of_o england_n these_o law_n be_v divide_v into_o common-law_n statute-law_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o last_o of_o which_o he_o add_v out_o of_o bracton_n that_o consuetudo_fw-la quandoque_fw-la pro_fw-la lege_fw-la servatur_fw-la in_fw-la partibus_fw-la ubi_fw-la fuerit_fw-la more_fw-it utentium_fw-la approbata_fw-la &_o vicem_fw-la leg_n be_v obtinet_fw-la long_o ae_z vi_fw-la enim_fw-la tempor_fw-la be_v usus_fw-la &_o consuetudinis_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la vilis_fw-la autoritas_fw-la long_fw-mi possessio_fw-la sicut_fw-la ejus_fw-la parit_fw-la jus_o possidendi_fw-la &_o tollit_fw-la actionem_fw-la vero_fw-la domino_fw-la so_o that_o its_o continuance_n for_o so_o long_a a_o time_n to_o be_v a_o custom_n give_v it_o a_o privilege_n without_o any_o impropriety_n of_o speech_n to_o be_v call_v a_o law_n notwithstanding_o the_o several_a usage_n in_o this_o tenure_n and_o although_o mr._n s._n seem_v startle_v at_o what_o be_v before_o cite_v out_o of_o bracton_n sicut_fw-la de_fw-fr gavelkynd_n well_fw-mi alibi_n ubi_fw-la terra_fw-la est_fw-la partibilis_fw-la etc._n etc._n there_o be_v no_o reason_n that_o this_o alibi_n shall_v so_o offend_v he_o as_o to_o call_v it_o a_o improper_a expression_n for_o i_o believe_v there_o be_v scarce_o a_o county_n in_o england_n but_o have_v this_o tenure_n more_o or_o less_o beside_o what_o place_n i_o have_v already_o cite_v in_o this_o discourse_n i_o know_v there_o be_v much_o in_o shropshire_n yet_o take_v one_o more_o upon_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o the_o county_n of_o norfolk_n which_o be_v thus_o record_v in_o the_o chamberlain_n office_n of_o the_o exchequer_n placita_fw-la coram_fw-la rege_fw-la anno_fw-la 20._o edw._n 3._o term._n hillar_n norfol._n 97._o asss._n in_o qua_fw-la johs_n buxkyn_n chr_n profert_fw-la scriptum_fw-la relaxationis_fw-la johis_fw-la de_fw-la pickering_n &_o willielmi_n fratris_fw-la ejus_fw-la gallicè_fw-la factum_fw-la de_fw-la medietat_fw-la vi_fw-la mess_n etc._n etc._n &_o iiii_o tercellorum_fw-la in_o clipesby_n billokby_n etc._n etc._n in_o hoc_fw-la placito_fw-la patet_fw-la quod_fw-la tenementa_fw-la quae_fw-la sunt_fw-la de_fw-la feodo_fw-la de_fw-fr pickering_n sunt_fw-la partibilia_fw-la inter_fw-la masculos_fw-la so_o that_o turn_n into_o what_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n you_o please_v i_o believe_v you_o will_v find_v gavel-kind_n but_o mr._n s._n proceed_v by_o way_n of_o wonder_n say_v we_o be_v tell_v that_o this_o custom_n of_o gavelkynd_n partition_n take_v place_n have_v do_v at_o least_o in_o other_o county_n and_o sir_n edward_n coke_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n have_v lapse_v into_o the_o like_a misapprehension_n for_o upon_o these_o word_n of_o littleton_n en_fw-fr le_fw-fr county_n de_fw-fr kent_n he_o make_v this_o note_n for_o that_o say_v he_o in_o no_o county_n of_o england_n land_n at_o this_o day_n be_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o gavel-kind_n of_o common_a right_n save_v in_o kent_n only_o but_o yet_o he_o present_o add_v in_o divers_a part_n of_o england_n within_z divers_z manor_n and_o signory_n the_o like_a custom_n be_v in_o force_n for_o my_o part_n i_o must_v acknowledge_v i_o be_o to_o seek_v as_o to_o the_o neatness_n of_o the_o distinction_n first_o saying_n that_o no_o county_n of_o england_n have_v land_n it_o be_v not_o say_v all_o the_o land_n of_o the_o county_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o gavel-kind_n of_o common_a right_n and_o yet_o that_o in_o divers_a part_n of_o england_n within_z divers_z manor_n and_o signory_n the_o like_a custom_n be_v in_o force_n if_o the_o salvo_n lie_v in_o this_o word_n viz._n of_o common_a right_n i_o will_v willing_o be_v satisfy_v whether_o land_n in_o gavel-kind_n do_v not_o pass_v both_o according_a to_o common_a right_n as_o well_o as_o common_a law_n certain_a it_o be_v that_o the_o common_a law_n of_o that_o county_n hundred_o or_o seignory_n where_o gavelkynd_n be_v in_o force_n make_v the_o child_n participant_n of_o that_o land_n by_o common_a right_n and_o it_o be_v the_o common_a law_n by_o which_o that_o common_a right_n be_v or_o can_v be_v claim_v in_o page_n 53._o and_o 54._o mr._n s._n speak_v of_o what_o littleton_n instance_v in_o north-wales_n that_o this_o custom_n of_o gavel-kind_n partition_n take_v place_n beside_o kent_n he_o introduce_v it_o from_o that_o authority_n not_o as_o his_o faith_n and_o belief_n but_o with_o a_o we_o be_v tell_v but_o let_v not_o the_o scruple_n be_v so_o great_a when_o i_o declare_v what_o before_o i_o have_v show_v that_o it_o be_v in_o south-wales_n as_o well_o as_o north-wales_n and_o in_o other_o place_n as_o well_o as_o there_o but_o then_o he_o proceed_v to_o question_v thus_o what_o custom_n i_o pray_v if_o you_o inquire_v of_o littleton_n he_o will_v tell_v you_o it_o be_v the_o custom_n of_o gavelkind_a partition_n or_o inquire_v of_o the_o customer_n you_o will_v find_v they_o no_o stranger_n to_o the_o denomination_n of_o gavel_n and_o the_o word_n in_o use_n among_o they_o even_o to_o express_v the_o tenure_n littleton_n word_n be_v these_o auxy_n tiel_n custom_n est_fw-fr en_fw-fr autres_fw-fr lieux_fw-fr dengleterr_v &_o auxy_n tiel_n custom_n est_fw-fr en_fw-fr north-gale_n etc._n etc._n which_o be_v as_o much_o as_o to_o say_v also_o such_o custom_n he_o write_v of_o parcener_n by_o custom_n which_o be_v gavel-kind_n there_o be_v in_o other_o place_n of_o england_n and_o also_o such_o custom_n be_v in_o north-wales_n etc._n etc._n and_o the_o like_a custom_n as_o our_o author_n mention_n to_o be_v in_o north-wales_n he_o say_v be_v also_o in_o ireland_n for_o there_o he_o add_v the_o land_n also_o which_o be_v one_o mark_v of_o the_o ancient_a briton_n mark_v this_o be_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o gavel-kind_n for_o that_o by_o their_o brehon-law_n the_o bastard_n inherit_v with_o their_o legitimate_a son_n but_o as_o to_o the_o bastard_n that_o custom_n be_v abolish_v agree_v with_o littleton_n in_o this_o point_n see_v a_o old_a statute_n aliter_fw-la usitatum_fw-la est_fw-la in_o wallia_fw-la quam_fw-la in_o anglia_fw-it quo_fw-la ad_fw-la successionem_fw-la haereditatis_fw-la eo_fw-la quod_fw-la haereditas_fw-la partibilis_fw-la est_fw-la inter_fw-la haeredes_fw-la maseulos_fw-la à _fw-la tempore_fw-la cujus_fw-la non_fw-la extitit_fw-la memoria_fw-la partibilis_fw-la extitit_fw-la dominus_fw-la rex_fw-la non_fw-la vult_fw-la quod_fw-la consuetudo_fw-la illa_fw-la abrogetur_fw-la sed_fw-la quod_fw-la haereditates_fw-la remaneant_fw-la partibiles_fw-la inter_fw-la consimiles_fw-la haeredes_fw-la sicut_fw-la fieri_fw-la consuevit_fw-la &_o fiat_fw-la partitio_fw-la illius_fw-la sicut_fw-la fieri_fw-la consuevit_fw-la to_o that_o which_o sir_n edward_n coke_n wonder_v at_o which_o be_v the_o participation_n of_o bastard_n by_o the_o brehon-law_n in_o the_o land_n that_o be_v partible_a i_o have_v already_o show_v it_o be_v a_o law_n or_o a_o custom_n among_o the_o britain_n but_o sir_n edward_n conclude_v that_o gavelkynd_n custom_n in_o ireland_n be_v
kingdom_n etc._n etc._n and_o after_o present_o discourse_v upon_o what_o by_o some_o author_n have_v be_v affirm_v viz._n that_o either_o the_o conqueror_n or_o his_o brother_n odo_n bring_v it_o thither_o out_o of_o normandy_n and_o there_o plant_v it_o by_o the_o pattern_n and_o practice_n of_o his_o own_o country_n with_o much_o reason_n add_v for_o have_v it_o be_v from_o thence_o transplant_v probable_o it_o will_v not_o have_v be_v confine_v to_o kent_n a_o corner_n only_o of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o have_v spread_v itself_o rather_o over_o the_o whole_a by_o the_o conqueror_n mean_n who_o inclination_n and_o endeavour_n to_o propagate_v and_o implant_v here_o the_o custom_n of_o his_o own_o country_n be_v too_o eminent_a and_o notorious_a to_o be_v doubt_v of_o i_o may_v by_o the_o same_o reason_n argue_v that_o this_o custom_n be_v current_n in_o more_o ancient_a time_n may_v have_v its_o being_n not_o only_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o saxon_a government_n but_o its_o beginning_n long_o before_o and_o for_o my_o part_n i_o make_v no_o question_n but_o in_o elder_a time_n it_o be_v the_o custom_n of_o all_o europe_n if_o not_o of_o all_o the_o world_n especial_o then_o when_o the_o inhabitant_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o paucity_n can_v so_o easy_o afford_v ground_n and_o room_n to_o their_o branch_a and_o spread_a generation_n such_o thought_n have_v thucydides_n of_o the_o first_o plantation_n and_o incolae_fw-la of_o greece_n for_o it_o be_v evident_a say_v he_o that_o that_o which_o be_v now_o call_v hellai_n viz._n greece_n be_v not_o of_o old_a constant_o inhabit_v but_o that_o at_o first_o there_o be_v often_o removal_n every_o one_o easy_o leave_v the_o place_n of_o his_o abode_n to_o the_o violence_n always_o of_o some_o great_a number_n and_o every_o man_n so_o husband_v the_o ground_n as_o but_o bare_o to_o live_v upon_o it_o without_o any_o stock_n of_o riches_n and_o plant_v nothing_o because_o it_o be_v uncertain_a when_o another_o shall_v invade_v they_o and_o carry_v all_o away_o especial_o not_o have_v the_o defence_n of_o wall_n but_o make_v account_n to_o be_v master_n in_o any_o place_n of_o such_o necessary_a sustenance_n as_o may_v serve_v they_o from_o day_n to_o day_n they_o make_v little_a difficulty_n to_o change_v their_o habitation_n for_o the_o goodness_n of_o the_o land_n increase_v the_o power_n of_o some_o particular_a man_n both_o cause_v sedition_n whereby_o they_o be_v ruin_v at_o home_n and_o withal_o make_v they_o more_o obnoxious_a to_o the_o insidiation_n of_o stranger_n and_o a_o modern_a author_n out_o of_o homer_n write_v of_o those_o first_o solutum_fw-la first_o sallust_n cite_v by_o mr._n selden_n in_o his_o mare_n claus_n l._n 1._o c._n 7._o de_fw-la aborigiaibus_fw-la in_o conjurat_fw-la catilinae_fw-la say_v they_o be_v genus_fw-la hominum_fw-la agreste_fw-la sine_fw-la legibus_fw-la sine_fw-la imperio_fw-la liberum_fw-la atque_fw-la solutum_fw-la planter_n say_v in_o tâ—guriis_fw-la atque_fw-la antris_fw-la habitabant_fw-la ac_fw-la sine_fw-la legibus_fw-la sine_fw-la certis_fw-la sedibus_fw-la palantes_fw-la vagerentur_fw-la et_fw-la trojanis_fw-la temportbus_fw-la in_o sicilia_n describit_fw-la homerus_fw-la illus_fw-la aetatis_fw-la imaginem_fw-la nec_fw-la fora_fw-la conciliis_fw-la fervent_a nec_fw-la judice_fw-la tantum_fw-la antra_fw-la colunt_fw-la umbrosa_fw-la altis_fw-la in_o montibus_fw-la aedes_fw-la quisquesuas_fw-la regit_fw-la vxorem_fw-la natosque_fw-la nec_fw-la ulli_fw-la incommune_fw-la vacat_fw-la socias_fw-la extendere_fw-la curas_fw-la then_o be_v it_o i_o believe_v that_o they_o prudent_o use_v this_o kind_n of_o partition_n which_o extend_v itself_o no_o further_o than_o a_o division_n of_o stock_n and_o good_n by_o it_o equal_o to_o enable_v all_o the_o participant_n to_o settle_v to_o a_o livelihood_n and_o decline_v rapine_n which_o be_v the_o use_n and_o practice_n of_o the_o first_o incolae_fw-la this_o be_v also_o describe_v by_o thucydide_n discourse_v of_o the_o ancient_a greek_n report_v that_o they_o in_o old_a time_n and_o such_o barbarian_n as_o in_o the_o continent_n live_v near_o unto_o the_o sea_n or_o else_o inhabit_v the_o island_n after_o once_o they_o begin_v to_o cross_v over_o one_o to_o another_o in_o ship_n become_v thief_n rifle_v the_o weak_a and_o make_v this_o the_o best_a mean_n of_o their_o live_n be_v a_o matter_n at_o that_o time_n no_o where_o in_o disgrace_n this_o say_v thucydides_n of_o his_o own_o age_n be_v manifest_a by_o some_o that_o dwell_v on_o the_o continent_n among_o who_o so_o it_o be_v perform_v noble_o it_o be_v still_o esteem_v as_o a_o ornament_n it_o be_v in_o those_o elder_a time_n that_o riches_n consist_v not_o in_o have_v a_o propriety_n to_o land_n but_o rather_o in_o the_o number_n of_o servant_n to_o manage_v and_o defend_v their_o great_a stock_n and_o herd_n of_o catel_n and_o this_o i_o guess_v to_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o many_o have_v rational_o derive_v pecunia_n from_o pecus_fw-la and_o 119._o and_o it_o be_v long_o after_o the_o first_o plantation_n of_o our_o island_n that_o money_n be_v in_o use_n and_o long_o before_o the_o king_n due_n be_v pay_v in_o mony_n for_o judge_n doderidge_n out_o of_o gervasius_n tilburiensis_n a_o learned_a man_n who_o flourish_v in_o the_o day_n of_o king_n hen._n 2._o in_o his_o dialogue_n of_o the_o observation_n of_o the_o king_n exchequer_n have_v in_o effect_n as_o follow_v until_o the_o time_n say_v he_o of_o king_n hen_n 1._o the_o king_n use_v not_o to_o receive_v money_n of_o their_o land_n but_o victual_n for_o the_o provision_n of_o their_o house_n and_o towards_o the_o payment_n of_o their_o soldier_n wage_n and_o such_o like_a charge_n money_n be_v raise_v out_o of_o the_o city_n and_o castle_n in_o which_o husbandry_n and_o tillage_n be_v not_o use_v and_o exercise_v but_o at_o length_n when_o the_o king_n be_v in_o part_n beyond_o the_o sea_n need_v ready_a money_n for_o and_o towards_o the_o furniture_n of_o the_o war_n and_o his_o subject_n and_o farmer_n complain_v that_o they_o be_v grievous_o trouble_v by_o carriage_n of_o victual_n into_o sundry_a part_n of_o the_o realm_n far_o distant_a from_o their_o dwelling_n the_o king_n direct_v commission_n to_o certain_a discreet_a person_n who_o have_v a_o regard_n of_o those_o victual_n shall_v reduce_v they_o into_o reasonable_a sum_n of_o money_n the_o levy_n of_o which_o sum_n they_o appoint_v to_o the_o sheriff_n taking_z order_z withal_o that_o he_o shall_v pay_v they_o at_o the_o scale_n or_o beam_n that_o be_v to_o say_v that_o he_o shall_v pay_v sixpence_n over_o and_o above_o every_o pound_n weight_n of_o money_n because_o they_o think_v that_o the_o money_n in_o time_n will_v wax_v so_o much_o the_o worse_o for_o the_o wear_n exit_fw-la camden_n &_o littleton_n treatise_n of_o nobility_n pag._n 118_o 119._o pecunia_n in_o our_o ancient_a saxon_a law_n be_v often_o make_v use_n of_o for_o pecus_fw-la and_o then_o we_o must_v imagine_v they_o rather_o pastor_n than_o landlord_n such_o who_o change_v their_o land_n at_o pleasure_n and_o their_o habitation_n together_o for_o the_o better_a accommodation_n of_o their_o stock_n whose_o wealth_n be_v sum_v up_o as_o job_n by_o servant_n and_o catel_n but_o as_o people_n multiply_v and_o their_o number_n increase_v so_o that_o they_o have_v not_o conveniency_n of_o wander_v as_o former_o by_o the_o reason_n that_o land_n be_v general_o occupy_v according_a to_o the_o ability_n of_o family_n in_o their_o stock_n and_o number_n of_o catel_n than_o do_v land_n also_o by_o degree_n become_v impropriate_v observe_v nevertheless_o the_o same_o manner_n of_o partition_n of_o such_o land_n as_o before_o they_o have_v do_v of_o good_n for_o as_o before_o when_o they_o may_v have_v have_v land_n enough_o what_o shall_v they_o have_v do_v with_o it_o without_o stock_n so_o now_o when_o land_n be_v impropriate_v what_o shall_v they_o do_v with_o stock_n without_o land_n and_o for_o fear_n of_o that_o violence_n i_o before_o discourse_v of_o come_v first_o of_o all_o cohabitancia_n that_o be_v live_v together_o in_o society_n which_o without_o any_o disgrace_n be_v villeinage_n and_o so_o from_o family_n rise_v village_n and_o from_o they_o city_n by_o this_o mean_n we_o see_v how_o man_n come_v to_o be_v proprietor_n both_o of_o land_n and_o good_n of_o which_o tacitus_n make_v observation_n among_o the_o ancient_a german_a custom_n caeteris_fw-la seruis_fw-la except_o those_o only_o employ_v about_o merchandise_n non_fw-la in_fw-la nostrum_fw-la morem_fw-la descriptis_fw-la perfamiliam_fw-la ministeriis_fw-la utuntur_fw-la svam_fw-la cuique_fw-la sedem_fw-la suos_fw-la penates_fw-la regit_fw-la frumenti_fw-la modum_fw-la dominus_fw-la aut_fw-la pecoris_fw-la aut_fw-la vestis_fw-la ut_fw-la colono_fw-la injungit_fw-la &_o servus_n hactenus_fw-la patet_fw-la here_o be_v their_o ancient_a manner_n of_o live_v their_o ancient_a manner_n of_o reserve_v rent_n not_o unlike_o those_o which_o i_o have_v meet_v with_o in_o scotland_n and_o believe_v be_v in_o
practice_n in_o all_o such_o place_n where_o pecus_fw-la be_v in_o great_a abundance_n than_o pecunia_n and_o for_o the_o antiquity_n of_o partition_n of_o land_n we_o shall_v find_v a_o example_n thereof_o in_o the_o holy_a scripture_n where_o it_o seem_v to_o i_o that_o the_o community_n of_o the_o law_n and_o the_o knowledge_n of_o it_o be_v both_o take_v for_o grant_v this_o be_v a_o case_n of_o law_n resolve_v upon_o a_o question_n and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o 21_o chapter_n of_o deuteronomy_n verse_n 7._o where_o though_o the_o case_n be_v in_o bigamy_n yet_o there_o we_o find_v a_o order_n of_o partition_n which_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v even_o nolenti_fw-la patre_fw-la if_o a_o man_n have_v two_o wife_n say_v the_o text_n one_o belove_v and_o another_o hate_a and_o they_o have_v bear_v he_o child_n both_o the_o belove_a and_o the_o hate_a and_o if_o the_o first-born_a son_n be_v she_o that_o be_v hate_v than_o it_o shall_v be_v when_o he_o make_v his_o son_n to_o inherit_v that_o which_o he_o have_v that_o he_o may_v not_o make_v the_o son_n of_o the_o belove_a first-born_a before_o the_o son_n of_o the_o hate_a which_o be_v indeed_o the_o first-born_a but_o he_o shall_v acknowledge_v the_o son_n of_o the_o hate_a for_o the_o first-born_a by_o give_v he_o a_o double_a portion_n of_o all_o that_o be_v find_v with_o he_o for_o he_o be_v the_o begin_n of_o his_o strength_n the_o right_a of_o the_o first-born_a be_v he_o this_o law_n provide_v that_o the_o eldestson_n notwithstanding_o the_o father_n hatred_n shall_v have_v his_o right_n in_o all_o whereof_o the_o father_n be_v possess_v according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o right_n which_o be_v thus_o in_o case_n a_o man_n have_v five_o son_n the_o father_n possession_n be_v divide_v into_o six_o part_n and_o the_o elder_a have_v by_o right_a two_o of_o those_o part_n by_o this_o we_o may_v observe_v the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o partition_n of_o land_n and_o good_n constitute_v even_o among_o those_o people_n to_o who_o god_n himself_o be_v legislator_n and_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o it_o be_v at_o the_o first_o plantation_n of_o the_o land_n of_o canaan_n where_o to_o i_o it_o seem_v that_o this_o law_n glance_v at_o the_o fundamental_a of_o divide_v bind_v up_o the_o father_n to_o do_v this_o rectify_v justice_n to_o his_o son_n get_v of_o the_o woman_n hate_v traxit_fw-la hate_v which_o law_n as_o mr._n selden_n illustrate_v it_o may_v seem_v to_o be_v ground_v upon_o the_o practice_n of_o noah_n noachus_n &_o tres_fw-la silij_fw-la ejus_fw-la semus_n chamus_n &_o laphetus_n qui_fw-la velut_fw-la adae_fw-la in_fw-la generis_fw-la humaai_fw-la post_fw-la diluvium_fw-la instaurationem_fw-la personam_fw-la jam_fw-la simul_fw-la induerant_fw-la domini_fw-la pro_fw-la indiviso_fw-la rerum_fw-la omnium_fw-la sacti_fw-la sunt_fw-la formula_fw-la donationt_n est_fw-la genes_n cap._n 9.2_o crescite_fw-la &_o multiplicamini_fw-la &_o replete_a terram_fw-la pavor_n vester_fw-ge &_o tremor_n vester_fw-ge erit_fw-la super_fw-la omne_fw-la animal_n terrae_fw-la &_o super_fw-la cunctum_fw-la volatile_a coeli_fw-la etc._n etc._n et_fw-la scimus_fw-la ex_fw-la sacris_fw-la literis_fw-la tellurem_fw-la à _fw-la noachid_n be_v seculis_fw-la aliquot_fw-la post_fw-la diluvium_fw-la esse_fw-la divisam_fw-la a_o japeto_n &_o filiis_fw-la ejus_fw-la divisae_fw-la sunt_fw-la insulae_fw-la gentium_fw-la in_o terris_fw-la suis_fw-la unusquisque_fw-la juxta_fw-la linguam_fw-la svam_fw-la &_o juxta_fw-la familias_fw-la svas_fw-la in_o nationibus_fw-la suis_fw-la quod_fw-la in_o genes_n 10.25_o &_o 3._o ait_fw-fr moses_n scilicet_fw-la à _fw-la tanai_n fluvio_fw-la usque_fw-la in_o mare_fw-la atlanticum_n sâ—u_fw-la per_fw-la magnam_fw-la asiae_n occidentalis_fw-la quae_fw-la in_o septentrionem_fw-la vergit_fw-la partem_fw-la praeter_fw-la totam_fw-la europam_fw-la limitibus_fw-la juxta_fw-la familiaruâ—_n rumerum_fw-la designatis_fw-la sedes_fw-la ut_fw-la domini_fw-la privati_fw-la accipere_fw-la quemadmodum_fw-la chamus_n posterique_a ejus_fw-la non_fw-la dissimili_fw-la modo_fw-la quod_fw-la austro_n &_o africo_fw-la expofitum_fw-la est_fw-la &_o semus_n plagas_fw-la orientales_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la indiam_fw-la invaluit_fw-la etiam_fw-la traditio_fw-la ipsum_fw-la noachum_fw-la perinde_v ac_fw-la si_fw-la totius_fw-la dominus_fw-la in_o solidum_fw-la aut_fw-la arbiter_n per_fw-la comoromissum_fw-la suisset_fw-la distributionis_fw-la huius_fw-la sâ—â—l_fw-la privati_fw-la hujusmodi_fw-la dominii_fw-la post_fw-la diluvium_fw-la instaurationis_fw-la autorem_fw-la suisse_fw-la idque_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d juxta_fw-la oraculnm_fw-la divinitus_fw-la acceptum_fw-la eamque_fw-la anno_fw-la aetatis_fw-la sva_fw-la 930._o qui_fw-la à _fw-la diluvio_fw-la erat_fw-la 330._o &_o ante_fw-la obitum_fw-la ejus_fw-la vigesimus_fw-la testamento_fw-la firmâsse_fw-la atque_fw-la moribundum_fw-la illud_fw-la in_o semi_a silii_fw-la primogeniti_fw-la maâ—us_fw-la tradidisse_fw-la cunctosque_fw-la simul_fw-la monuisse_fw-la nequis_fw-la corum_fw-la fratris_fw-la fine_n invaderet_fw-la nec_fw-la injuriâ_fw-la alter_fw-la alterum_fw-la afficeret_fw-la quoniam_fw-la inde_fw-la ut_fw-la discordiarum_fw-la atque_fw-la bellorum_fw-la intestinorum_fw-la causa_fw-la oriretur_fw-la foret_fw-la necessum_fw-la selden_n mare_fw-la clausum_fw-la lib._n 1._o cap._n 4._o to_o which_o i_o think_v fit_a to_o subjoin_v what_o he_o write_v in_o the_o same_o book_n cap._n 8._o how_o this_o partition_n be_v mystical_o in_o the_o mist_n of_o their_o invention_n observe_v by_o the_o heathen_a vera_fw-la sunt_fw-la quae_fw-la loquuntur_fw-la poetae_fw-la ut_fw-la rect_n è_fw-mi lactantius_n sed_fw-la obtentu_fw-la aliquo_fw-la specieque_fw-la velata_fw-la et_fw-la sic_fw-la veritatem_fw-la mendacio_fw-la velaverunt_fw-la ut_fw-la veritas_fw-la ipsa_fw-la persuasioni_fw-la publicae_fw-la nihil_fw-la derogaret_fw-la fabuloso_n quod_fw-la diximus_fw-la tempore_fw-la devictis_fw-la scribunt_fw-la titanibus_fw-la sort_n mundum_fw-la divisisse_fw-la deos_fw-la fratres_fw-la jupiter_fw-la pluronem_fw-la neptunum_n jovi_fw-la coelum_fw-la plutoni_fw-la inferna_fw-la neptuno_n mare_fw-la cessisse_fw-la rejectis_fw-la autem_fw-la augis_fw-la illis_fw-la de_fw-la sydereo_fw-la heic_fw-la coelo_fw-la seu_fw-la aethere_fw-la de_fw-la infernorum_fw-la seu_fw-la mortuorum_fw-la regno_fw-la &_o demum_fw-la de_fw-la terra_fw-la tota_fw-la fratrum_fw-la omnium_fw-la post_fw-la divisionem_fw-la communi_fw-la quibus_fw-la patient_fw-la sibi_fw-la imponi_fw-la vulgus_fw-la sinebat_fw-la res_fw-la ipsâ—_fw-la quam_fw-la in_o larvatâ_fw-la hâc_fw-la historiâ_fw-la latere_fw-la veterum_fw-la aliquot_fw-la docuere_fw-la alia_fw-la omnine_a erat_fw-la non_fw-la deos_fw-la hosce_fw-la sed_fw-la homines_fw-la fuisse_fw-la asserunt_fw-la nec_fw-la coeli_fw-la sed_fw-la plagae_fw-la orientalis_fw-la ex_fw-la qua_fw-la mortalibus_fw-la lux_fw-la datur_fw-la unde_fw-la &_o superior_a visa_fw-la est_fw-la ideoque_fw-la coelum_fw-la dictum_fw-la jupiter_fw-la regem_fw-la fuisse_fw-la plutonem_fw-la autem_fw-la accidentis_fw-la quae_fw-la solis_fw-la recessum_fw-la noctemque_fw-la â—stendit_fw-la unde_fw-la inferior_a ea_fw-la dicta_fw-la &_o inferna_fw-la maris_fw-la denique_fw-la &_o interjectarum_fw-la insularum_fw-la dominum_fw-la fuisse_fw-la neptunum_n è_fw-la lactantio_n porra_fw-la scribit_fw-la jupiter_n neptuno_n imperium_fw-la that_fw-mi maris_fw-la ut_fw-la insulis_fw-la emnibus_fw-la &_o quae_fw-la loca_fw-la essent_fw-la secus_fw-la mare_fw-la omnibus_fw-la regnaret_fw-la johannis_n gryphiander_n de_fw-fr insulis_fw-la cap._n 31._o s._n 75._o de_fw-la tribus_fw-la noachi_n filiis_fw-la rem_fw-la totam_fw-la de_fw-la tribus_fw-la diis_fw-la narratam_fw-la fidentèr_fw-la capiat_fw-la verba_fw-la ejus_fw-la sunt_fw-la id_fw-la â—roculdubio_fw-it ex_fw-la partitione_n terrarum_fw-la inter_fw-la tres_fw-la filios_fw-la noachi_n ex_fw-la quibus_fw-la japheto_fw-la insulae_fw-la obvenerunt_fw-la causam_fw-la traxit_fw-la sir_n henry_n spelman_n in_o verb._n gaveletum_n think_v gavelkind_a to_o be_v of_o a_o sà xon_a original_a affirm_v it_o to_o be_v bring_v out_o of_o germany_n and_o describe_v the_o tenure_n of_o it_o very_o just_o qua_fw-la omnes_fw-la silij_fw-la ex_fw-la aequis_fw-la portionibus_fw-la patris_fw-la adeunt_fw-la hereditatem_fw-la and_o out_o of_o tacitus_n prove_v it_o to_o be_v mos_fw-la vetus_fw-la germaniae_fw-la out_o of_o who_o i_o shall_v add_v by_o way_n of_o explanation_n what_o he_o in_o his_o tract_n de_fw-la moribus_fw-la germanorum_n say_v haeredes_fw-la tamen_fw-la successoresque_fw-la svi_fw-la cuique_fw-la liberi_fw-la &_o nullum_fw-la test_n amentum_fw-la si_fw-la liberi_fw-la non_fw-la sunt_fw-la proximus_fw-la gradus_fw-la in_o possessione_n fratres_fw-la patrui_fw-la avunculi_fw-la this_o proximus_fw-la gradus_fw-la argue_v precise_o for_o this_o ancient_a usage_n although_o it_o have_v not_o be_v set_v down_o to_o be_v mos_fw-la vetus_fw-la germaniae_fw-la and_o deduce_v from_o these_o ancient_a time_n we_o find_v it_o also_o to_o this_o day_n even_o in_o regno_fw-la adeundo_fw-la among_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n which_o be_v once_o very_o witty_o evict_v by_o a_o merry_a gentleman_n or_o as_o some_o say_v the_o duke_n jester_n who_o perceive_v after_o the_o death_n of_o one_o of_o the_o duke_n of_o saxony_n the_o brethren_n participant_n claim_v according_o to_o custom_n their_o apportionment_n and_o division_n in_o the_o dukedom_n with_o the_o elder_a brother_n involve_v into_o high_a discontent_n and_o the_o council_n of_o the_o nobility_n at_o a_o stand_v what_o course_n to_o take_v for_o a_o reconciliation_n of_o they_o about_o the_o part_n of_o the_o demesn_n of_o the_o decease_a duke_n this_o man_n come_v in_o and_o borrow_v of_o the_o young_a duke_n
this_o in_o probability_n and_o policy_n may_v be_v to_o they_o and_o in_o particular_a to_o the_o most_o famous_a plantation_n of_o virginia_n the_o most_o fertile_a and_o most_o consonant_a to_o english_a body_n of_o any_o whatsoever_o and_o will_v â—ove_v of_o great_a use_n in_o time_n to_o the_o english_a nation_n this_o kind_n of_o partition_n dr._n powel_n add_v be_v very_o good_a to_o plant_v and_o settle_v any_o nation_n in_o a_o large_a country_n not_z inhabit_a but_o in_o a_o populous_a country_n already_o furnish_v with_o inhabitant_n it_o be_v the_o very_a decay_n of_o great_a family_n and_o as_o i_o say_v before_o the_o cause_n of_o strife_n and_o debate_n the_o read_n of_o this_o passage_n be_v it_o which_o many_o year_n since_o first_o set_v my_o thought_n at_o enmity_n with_o the_o saxon_a parentage_n of_o gavelkind_n i_o mean_v that_o of_o gip-eal-cynne_a give_v all_o kin_n this_o it_o be_v that_o give_v i_o not_o only_o some_o example_n of_o the_o use_n of_o it_o among_o the_o welsh_a but_o also_o a_o interpretation_n of_o half_a the_o name_n for_o i_o find_v the_o doctor_n himself_o in_o these_o additament_n to_o this_o welsh_a history_n even_o in_o this_o passage_n i_o have_v make_v use_n of_o startle_v at_o the_o latter_a part_n of_o the_o composition_n for_o he_o have_v write_v kind_a in_o small_a different_a letter_n whereas_o gavel_n be_v write_v in_o great_a but_o to_o return_v to_o the_o pedigree_n by_o which_o you_o plain_o perceive_v the_o use_n and_o the_o effect_n of_o this_o british_a gavel_n and_o not_o only_o so_o but_o the_o partition_n as_o to_o descent_n also_o to_o the_o legitimate_a child_n for_o the_o continuator_fw-la of_o lancarvan_n history_n have_v this_o note_n upon_o owen_n brogynton_n viz._n his_o have_v such_o a_o apportionment_n of_o his_o father_n land_n be_v a_o bastard_n that_o base_a son_n be_v not_o base_o esteem_v but_o with_o the_o other_o have_v part_n of_o their_o father_n inheritance_n and_o so_o have_v other_o through_o wales_n especial_o if_o they_o be_v stout_a and_o of_o noble_a courage_n i_o confess_v this_o passage_n do_v at_o first_o stumble_v i_o with_o some_o other_o of_o the_o like_a nature_n till_o serious_o observe_v and_o compare_v together_o the_o law_n of_o howel-dha_a i_o have_v as_o to_o the_o british_a history_n a_o great_a deal_n of_o light_n administer_v which_o inforce_v i_o from_o my_o incredulity_n to_o admire_v the_o observer_n or_o continuator_fw-la i_o gather_v from_o this_o law_n of_o howel-dha_a si_fw-la villanus_fw-la regis_fw-la filium_fw-la vel_fw-la optimatis_fw-la ex_fw-la licencia_fw-la regis_fw-la alendum_fw-la fusceperit_n filius_fw-la ille_fw-la particeps_fw-la erit_fw-la haereditatis_fw-la cum_fw-la filiis_fw-la villani_n post_fw-la mortem_fw-la ejus_fw-la that_o a_o bastard_n may_v as_o probable_o receive_v a_o part_n in_o his_o father_n estate_n by_o law_n as_o that_o a_o foster-child_n shall_v have_v a_o right_n to_o a_o division_n of_o his_o foster-father_n land_n but_o in_o these_o you_o see_v by_o what_o mean_v the_o prinoipality_n of_o wales_n crumble_v to_o nothing_o who_o give_v as_o much_o opportunity_n to_o the_o saxon_n and_o norman_n by_o this_o division_n to_o conquer_v they_o as_o by_o the_o like_a fraction_n their_o ancestor_n do_v give_v facility_n and_o occasion_n to_o the_o roman_n but_o to_o return_v to_o our_o purpose_n this_o last_o division_n of_o roderick_n the_o great_a mention_v in_o our_o discourse_n be_v say_v to_o be_v do_v according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o wales_n which_o be_v so_o then_o certain_o partition_n be_v according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o wales_n and_o this_o i_o further_o collect_v that_o it_o be_v not_o altogether_o the_o land_n which_o in_o former_a time_n be_v so_o much_o desire_v which_o i_o gather_v from_o that_o vast_a proportion_n of_o waste_a land_n at_o this_o day_n in_o that_o territory_n or_o be_v aequivalent_o consider_v with_o the_o cattle_n and_o stock_n wherewith_o that_o land_n be_v to_o be_v manage_v for_o those_o mulct_n and_o imposition_n of_o fine_n and_o amerciament_n mention_v in_o the_o law_n of_o howel-dha_a be_v very_o severe_a because_o than_o they_o be_v impose_v and_o do_v proceed_v from_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v their_o great_a riches_n and_o be_v not_o only_o in_o money_n but_o principal_o in_o cattle_n of_o all_o sort_n which_o be_v their_o stock_n and_o this_o lead_v i_o to_o examine_v whether_o and_o to_o show_v that_o chap._n 3._o neither_o the_o roman_n nor_o the_o saxon_n alter_v our_o ancient_a law_n of_o the_o ancient_a honour_n and_o use_v of_o the_o reguli_fw-la danelaege_n merkenlaege_n and_o westsaxonlaege_n what_o they_o be_v mr._n s._n say_v p._n 61._o for_o my_o part_n i_o conceive_v it_o viz._n gavelkind_a may_v carry_v a_o antiquity_n far_o great_a than_o the_o time_n of_o the_o norman_a conquest_n etc._n etc._n if_o this_o be_v concede_v i_o shall_v then_o go_v a_o little_a further_o with_o my_o conception_n in_o this_o point_n and_o labour_n to_o make_v it_o probable_a that_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o britain_n be_v not_o alter_v at_o least_o so_o much_o as_o by_o the_o general_a current_n of_o writter_n be_v common_o receive_v by_o either_o the_o conquest_n of_o the_o roman_n or_o saxon_n not_o that_o i_o deny_v but_o that_o each_o of_o they_o make_v some_o sort_n of_o impression_n upon_o they_o in_o relation_n to_o their_o manner_n law_n and_o custom_n though_o the_o main_a body_n of_o they_o stand_v firm_a and_o unshaken_a and_o first_o for_o the_o roman_n who_o in_o those_o time_n be_v much_o disease_a with_o that_o itch_n of_o conquest_n and_o too_o too_o great_a a_o desire_n of_o glory_n by_o it_o be_v carry_v out_o sometime_o to_o attempt_v divers_a great_a thing_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o fame_n that_o be_v even_o unprofitable_a yet_o be_v it_o not_o their_o manner_n or_o custom_n when_o they_o subdue_v any_o country_n to_o alter_v the_o custom_n or_o law_n thereof_o but_o rather_o to_o settle_v the_o conquer_a upon_o a_o foundation_n of_o enjoy_v their_o liberty_n only_o be_v subject_n to_o the_o title_n of_o conquest_n so_o be_v it_o in_o jury_n with_o the_o jew_n to_o who_o in_o holy_a writ_n you_o find_v allow_v many_o thing_n according_a to_o their_o custom_n both_o in_o permit_v of_o the_o ceremony_n of_o their_o religion_n and_o also_o in_o judicial_a affair_n in_o the_o like_a manner_n deal_v they_o with_o some_o of_o the_o grecian_a commonwealth_n the_o roman_a conqueror_n show_v to_o one_o of_o they_o a_o better_a division_n of_o their_o country_n in_o relation_n to_o the_o more_o orderly_a existency_n of_o their_o republic_n than_o ever_o they_o themselves_o have_v before_o take_v notice_n of_o and_o not_o only_o so_o but_o tell_v they_o be_v at_o that_o time_n assemble_v and_o expect_v some_o severe_a doom_n that_o if_o they_o will_v proceed_v in_o their_o ancient_a way_n of_o government_n they_o shall_v have_v their_o liberty_n provide_v they_o own_v the_o roman_n their_o superior_n in_o right_a of_o conquest_n who_o only_o desire_v such_o a_o power_n over_o they_o by_o their_o garrison_n the_o burden_n and_o charge_n whereof_o shall_v not_o be_v considerable_a to_o they_o that_o in_o case_n they_o rebel_v those_o they_o will_v keep_v as_o door_n and_o inlet_n by_o which_o they_o will_v pour_v in_o such_o force_n as_o shall_v reduce_v they_o to_o their_o peace_n but_o that_o such_o a_o defection_n shall_v be_v the_o occasion_n of_o the_o loss_n of_o their_o freedom_n and_o after_o this_o manner_n be_v the_o common_a practice_n observe_v by_o the_o roman_n in_o their_o conquest_n but_o to_o return_v home_o i_o find_v not_o that_o either_o caesar_n in_o his_o commentary_n lucan_n or_o tacitus_n mention_n or_o point_n out_o any_o alteration_n in_o the_o religion_n or_o in_o the_o custom_n or_o so_o much_o as_o the_o ceremony_n of_o the_o druid_n and_o though_o i_o must_v yield_v that_o from_o the_o roman_n the_o britain_n have_v most_o part_n of_o their_o civility_n in_o the_o use_n of_o habit_n manner_n of_o warring_n building_n bath_n etc._n etc._n yet_o can_v i_o not_o collect_v any_o innovation_n as_o to_o their_o law_n and_o can_v bold_o affirm_v that_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o these_o alteration_n as_o we_o have_v the_o term_n of_o art_n and_o appellation_n of_o thing_n from_o they_o so_o again_o the_o britain_n leave_v some_o relic_n of_o their_o language_n among_o the_o roman_n for_o what_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o island_n have_v that_o to_o the_o roman_n be_v repute_v rarity_n to_o they_o do_v they_o accept_v of_o british_a appellation_n smooth_v they_o into_o their_o own_o idiom_n the_o britain_n at_o that_o time_n be_v famous_a for_o their_o art_n in_o contexture_n of_o basket_n be_v thing_n very_o much_o by_o the_o roman_n desire_v who_o hear_v the_o britain_n call_v they_o in_o their_o language_n
infamis_fw-la ante_fw-la fuerat_fw-la per_fw-la serment_n nomed_a videlicet_fw-la fourteen_o etc._n fourteen_o judge_n dodaridge_n in_o his_o treatise_n of_o the_o baron_n pag._n 155_o say_v the_o yeomanry_n or_o common_a people_n for_o they_o be_v call_v of_o the_o saxon_a word_n zeman_n which_o do_v signify_v common_a who_o have_v some_o land_n of_o their_o own_o to_o live_v upon_o for_o a_o câ—rve_v of_o land_n or_o ploughland_n be_v in_o ancient_a time_n of_o the_o yearly_a value_n of_o five_o noble_n and_o this_o be_v the_o live_n of_o a_o sober_a man_n or_o yeoman_n coke_n 9_o part_n fol._n 124._o b._n but_o in_o our_o law_n they_o be_v call_v legales_fw-la homines_fw-la a_o word_n very_o familiar_a in_o writ_n and_o inquest_n etc._n etc._n homines_fw-la legales_fw-la per_fw-la non_fw-la si_fw-la be_v habere_fw-la eos_fw-la poterit_fw-la purget_fw-la se_fw-la dvodecima_fw-la manu_fw-la etc._n etc._n so_o in_o the_o next_o number_n against_o those_o that_o break_v a_o church_n or_o a_o dwellinghouse_n it_o be_v say_v se_fw-la purget_fw-la per_fw-la xlii_o etc._n xlii_o judge_n dodaridge_n in_o his_o treatise_n of_o the_o baron_n pag._n 155_o say_v the_o yeomanry_n or_o common_a people_n for_o they_o be_v call_v of_o the_o saxon_a word_n zeman_n which_o do_v signify_v common_a who_o have_v some_o land_n of_o their_o own_o to_o live_v upon_o for_o a_o câ—rve_v of_o land_n or_o ploughland_n be_v in_o ancient_a time_n of_o the_o yearly_a value_n of_o five_o noble_n and_o this_o be_v the_o live_n of_o a_o sober_a man_n or_o yeoman_n coke_n 9_o part_n fol._n 124._o b._n but_o in_o our_o law_n they_o be_v call_v legales_fw-la homines_fw-la a_o word_n very_o familiar_a in_o writ_n and_o inquest_n etc._n etc._n legales_fw-la homines_fw-la nome_v se_fw-la dvodecima_fw-la manu_fw-la etc._n etc._n so_o it_o be_v decree_v for_o a_o pledge_n of_o any_o thief_n that_o be_v flee_v or_o escape_v plegius_fw-la ejus_fw-la habebit_fw-la iu_o menses_fw-la &_o unum_fw-la diem_fw-la ad_fw-la eum_fw-la quaerendum_fw-la &_o si_fw-la possit_fw-la eum_fw-la invenire_fw-la juret_fw-la se_fw-la dvodecima_fw-la manu_fw-la but_o this_o all_o look_n on_o this_o side_n the_o norman_a conquest_n let_v we_o therefore_o pass_v beyond_o it_o lest_o any_o shall_v be_v so_o inconsiderate_a as_o to_o think_v these_o cite_a law_n be_v not_o the_o law_n of_o the_o saxon_n before_o the_o conquest_n and_o in_o the_o xxxviii_o law_n of_o king_n edward_n we_o find_v this_o concern_v a_o person_n accuse_v si_fw-mi testarentur_fw-la hominem_fw-la de_fw-la bona_fw-la vita_fw-la &_o 2_o legalitate_fw-la purgaret_fw-la se_fw-la judicio_fw-la comitatus_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o in_o the_o day_n of_o king_n ethelred_n who_o be_v much_o infest_a with_o the_o dane_n he_o take_v order_n for_o the_o like_a sort_n of_o trial_n which_o be_v then_o one_o of_o the_o sort_n of_o and_o be_v call_v also_o purgation_n where_o one_o that_o be_v accuse_v be_v to_o take_v this_o course_n adjunctis_fw-la sibi_fw-la thanis_n quinque_fw-la omnem_fw-la criminis_fw-la suspitionem_fw-la diluito_fw-la and_o present_o after_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n and_o almost_o in_o the_o same_o word_n it_o be_v repeat_v ascitis_fw-la sibi_fw-la thanis_n quinque_fw-la crimeneluito_fw-la etc._n etc._n in_o the_o law_n of_o king_n ina_n it_o be_v provide_v that_o there_o shall_v be_v such_o a_o quantity_n of_o land_n contain_v a_o certain_a number_n of_o hide_n requisite_a for_o the_o judge_n of_o some_o man_n for_o mis-demeanour_n as_o in_o the_o xlvii_o law_n si_fw-mi cvi_fw-la objiciatur_fw-la furto_fw-la surripuisse_fw-la rem_fw-la aliquam_fw-la vel_fw-la furtim_fw-la subductam_fw-la admisisse_fw-la be_v pro_fw-la ratione_fw-la lx._n hydarum_fw-la se_fw-la culpa_fw-la liberato_fw-la si_fw-la modo_fw-la dignus_fw-la qui_fw-la juret_fw-la habetur_fw-la anglus_fw-la furti_fw-la postulatus_fw-la duplici_fw-la se_fw-la purget_fw-la numero_fw-la wallus_fw-la majore_fw-la juratorum_fw-la numero_fw-la non_fw-la obstringatur_fw-la here_o you_o see_v the_o two_o last_o refert_fw-la to_o the_o first_o and_o both_o to_o the_o number_n of_o jurate_n which_o what_o they_o be_v be_v to_o they_o so_o well_o know_v that_o they_o think_v it_o needless_a to_o set_v it_o down_o any_o otherways_o than_o by_o the_o number_n of_o hide_n which_o form_n occurr_v frequent_o up_o and_o down_o in_o those_o law_n but_o in_o the_o xix_o of_o the_o say_a king_n jna_n law_n i_o find_v somewhat_o that_o give_v a_o explanation_n to_o the_o former_a recite_v law_n where_o it_o be_v say_v regii_fw-la villici_fw-la jusjurandum_fw-la if_o he_o be_v a_o master_n of_o a_o family_n or_o a_o housekeeper_n ejus_fw-la est_fw-la momenti_fw-la ac_fw-la ponderis_fw-la ut_fw-la cum_fw-la lx._n terrae_fw-la hydis_fw-la exequari_fw-la intelligatur_fw-la in_o the_o same_o manner_n be_v it_o among_o the_o welsh_a where_o they_o be_v to_o the_o number_n of_o xlii_o as_o in_o several_a of_o the_o law_n of_o howel-dha_a and_o in_o the_o epitome_n of_o the_o custom_n of_o arcenefeld_n in_o domesday_n be_v to_o be_v see_v which_o i_o shall_v for_o brevity_n sake_n omit_v again_o the_o very_a fabric_n and_o make_v of_o all_o our_o law_n as_o now_o at_o present_a be_v not_o at_o all_o different_a from_o the_o ancient_a way_n of_o contexture_n of_o they_o among_o the_o saxon_n in_o their_o etheldredi_n their_o judge_n dâ—daridge_n in_o his_o treatise_n of_o nobility_n write_v pag._n 121._o of_o a_o treatise_n which_o he_o call_v very_o ancient_a denominate_v de_fw-fr modo_fw-la tenendi_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la tempore_fw-la regis_fw-la edw._n silij_fw-la regis_fw-la etheldredi_n mickel-gemote_a and_o their_o wittangemote_a both_o these_o together_o have_v receive_v the_o norman_a denomination_n of_o parliament_n although_o the_o thing_n be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o but_o that_o which_o be_v of_o great_a persuasion_n and_o force_n with_o i_o be_v that_o they_o have_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o norman_a conquest_n contrary_a to_o the_o common_a receive_v opinion_n the_o same_o way_n of_o make_v claim_n for_o land_n and_o title_n as_o before_o which_o the_o word_n calumniare_fw-la do_v signify_v and_o which_o 234._o which_o coke_n upon_o lit._n lib._n 2._o cap._n 12._o sect._n 234._o sr._n edward_n coke_n say_v be_v a_o word_n common_a to_o both_o if_o it_o prove_v so_o then_o probable_o use_v by_o the_o saxon_n before_o the_o conquest_n the_o controversy_n between_o warren_n the_o norman_a and_o sherburn_n of_o sherburn_n in_o the_o county_n of_o norfolk_n illustrate_v by_o mr._n campden_n show_v that_o all_o thing_n in_o that_o age_n do_v not_o pass_v sole_o according_a to_o his_o will_n for_o notwithstanding_o the_o castle_n of_o sherburn_n be_v give_v by_o the_o conqueror_n to_o warren_n his_o great_a favourite_n yet_o upon_o the_o allegation_n of_o sherburn_n that_o he_o do_v never_o bear_v arm_n against_o he_o but_o be_v his_o subject_n as_o well_o as_o the_o other_o and_o hold_v his_o land_n by_o that_o law_n that_o the_o king_n have_v establish_v among_o all_o his_o subject_n the_o king_n give_v judgement_n against_o warren_n and_o command_v that_o sherburn_n shall_v hold_v his_o land_n in_o peace_n this_o be_v cite_v as_o almost_o the_o only_a act_n of_o favour_n the_o conqueror_n do_v whereas_o it_o be_v mistake_v for_o it_o be_v a_o act_n of_o justice_n and_o such_o case_n do_v frequent_o appear_v in_o that_o record_n call_v domesday_n where_o i_o find_v among_o other_o this_o concern_v the_o manor_n of_o cerdeford_n in_o hantescire_fw-la hold_v by_o hugo_n de_fw-fr port._n in_o isto_fw-la manerio_fw-la tenet_fw-la picot_n 11._o vs._n &_o dimid_n de_fw-fr rege_fw-la phitelet_n tenuit_fw-la in_o alodium_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la edwardo_n pro_fw-la mannerio_n istam_fw-la terram_fw-la calumniatur_fw-la willielmus_fw-la de_fw-la chernet_n dicens_fw-la pertinere_fw-la ad_fw-la mannerium_n de_fw-fr cerdisord_n feudum_fw-la hugonis_fw-la de_fw-la port_n per_fw-la hereditatem_fw-la svi_fw-la antecessoris_fw-la &_o de_fw-la hoc_fw-la suum_fw-la testimonium_fw-la adduxit_fw-la de_fw-la melioribus_fw-la &_o antiquis_fw-la hominibus_fw-la totius_fw-la comitatus_fw-la &_o hundredi_n &_o picot_n contraduxit_fw-la suum_fw-la testimonium_fw-la de_fw-la villanis_fw-la &_o vili_fw-la plebe_fw-la &_o de_fw-fr prepositis_fw-la qui_fw-la volunt_fw-la defendere_fw-la per_fw-la sacramentum_fw-la aut_fw-la per_fw-la dei_fw-la judicium_fw-la quod_fw-la ille_fw-la qui_fw-la tenuit_fw-la terram_fw-la libre_fw-la homo_fw-la fuit_fw-la then_o exit_fw-la domesdei_fw-la hantescira_n tran_n tainonr_n regis_fw-la alwi_n filius_fw-la torber_n tenet_fw-la rocheborne_n uluiet_a tenuit_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la edw._n in_fw-la alodium_fw-la pro_fw-la manerio_fw-la de_fw-la ista_fw-la hida_fw-la i._o virg_n quam_fw-la calumniabatur_fw-la dicit_fw-la hund._n quod_fw-la t._n r._n e._n quieta_fw-la &_o soluta_fw-la fuit_fw-la &_o inde_fw-la habet_fw-la alwi_fw-la sigillum_fw-la regis_fw-la edw._n exit_fw-la domesdei_fw-la hantescire_fw-la tran_n tainonr_n regis_fw-la edwinus_fw-la tenet_fw-la acangre_n &_o dicit_fw-la quia_fw-la emit_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la willielmo_n sed_fw-la scira_fw-la nescit_fw-la hoc_fw-la de_fw-la hoc_fw-la manerio_fw-la calumniatur_fw-la prepositus_fw-la regis_fw-la dim_a hide_v ad_fw-la pasturam_fw-la boum_fw-la regis_fw-la scira_n vero_fw-la testatur_fw-la quod_fw-la
name_v lloigria_n or_o lloiger_n now_o difference_v from_o the_o other_o part_n by_o the_o name_n of_o england_n saison_n that_o be_v to_o say_v saxon_n who_o together_o with_o the_o jute_n a_o three_o sort_n of_o provincial_n that_o assist_v in_o the_o conquest_n of_o this_o part_n of_o brytanny_n be_v now_o under_o the_o single_a title_n of_o englishman_n these_o twmri_n also_o call_v the_o speech_n general_o speak_v in_o england_n saisnaeg_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o saxon_a tongue_n somewhat_o doubtless_o there_o be_v of_o extraordinary_a reason_n in_o these_o name_n of_o distinction_n and_o difference_n of_o cambria_n loigria_n and_o albania_n in_o case_n we_o can_v recover_v it_o but_o i_o be_o afraid_a the_o truth_n in_o this_o point_n be_v lose_v for_o the_o denomination_n of_o place_n from_o the_o name_n of_o man_n as_o it_o be_v a_o old_a and_o fond_a conceit_n so_o i_o think_v it_o a_o ill_a one_o enquiry_n one_o as_o itis_fw-la remark_v by_o sir_n j._n b._n and_o may_v be_v worth_a the_o enquiry_n and_o for_o my_o part_n i_o have_v rather_o believe_v that_o brytannia_n be_v derive_v from_o the_o greek_a word_n bryton_n which_o signify_v vinum_fw-la hordeaceum_fw-la that_o british_a ale_n a_o drink_n how_o con-natural_a and_o ancient_o peculiar_a to_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o island_n will_v be_v now_o needless_a to_o discourse_n than_o that_o london_n be_v the_o refine_a issue_n of_o ludstown_n or_o england_n of_o hengists-land_n or_o scotland_n from_o one_o captain_n scoto_n but_o this_o ancient_a triplicite_a division_n whether_o the_o effect_n of_o brutus_n partition_n or_o no_o i_o will_v not_o maintain_v yet_o it_o be_v record_v by_o the_o same_o pen_n as_o give_v we_o our_o history_n of_o trojanism_n and_o may_v serve_v very_o well_o in_o answer_n to_o mr._n s_n jocular_a question_n since_o his_o question_n be_v a_o question_n take_v for_o grant_v neither_o will_v i_o aver_v or_o much_o insist_v upon_o that_o action_n of_o constantine_n the_o great_a who_o being_n brytain_n and_o so_o probable_o experience_v in_o the_o british_a custom_n that_o he_o upon_o this_o ground_n or_o custom_n of_o partition_n use_v among_o the_o britain_n his_o countryman_n do_v divide_v the_o then_o entire_a roman_a empire_n between_o his_o two_o son_n by_o he_o i_o say_v this_o division_n and_o partition_n be_v make_v be_v the_o reason_n or_o ground_n of_o it_o what_o they_o will_v and_o upon_o this_o division_n be_v difference_v and_o distinguish_v by_o the_o appellation_n of_o the_o eastern_a and_o western_a empire_n which_o afterward_o again_o return_v into_o a_o single_a person_n come_v to_o theodosius_n who_o 1._o who_o procop._n belgiosa_n vandalic_a l._n 1._o c._n 1._o procopius_n call_v a_o most_o just_a prince_n and_o a_o great_a soldier_n he_o have_v two_o son_n who_o after_o his_o death_n succeed_v in_o the_o empire_n arcadius_n the_o elder_a in_o the_o eastern_a and_o honorius_n in_o the_o western_a empire_n which_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v do_v according_a to_o the_o former_a division_n viz._n that_o which_o the_o emperor_n constantine_n have_v make_v so_o that_o the_o use_n or_o custom_n of_o partition_n in_o empire_n as_o well_o as_o in_o private_a man_n land_n be_v of_o great_a antiquity_n i_o proceed_v now_o to_o show_v that_o there_o be_v chap._n vi_o gavelkind_a in_o other_o place_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n beside_o kent_n in_o the_o principality_n of_o wales_n gavel_n use_v in_o denomination_n of_o place_n how_o use_v among_o the_o welsh_a of_o the_o word_n llan_n of_o the_o norman_n invasion_n of_o the_o territory_n of_o wales_n the_o use_n of_o gavell_n in_o the_o division_n of_o that_o territory_n and_o exposition_n thereof_o in_o the_o welsh_a vocabulary_a mr._n s._n be_v much_o give_v to_o think_v that_o this_o tenure_n of_o gavelkind_n be_v a_o singular_a appurtenance_n to_o the_o county_n of_o kent_n for_o in_o the_o first_o page_n of_o his_o book_n as_o the_o theme_n of_o his_o discourse_n he_o lay_v down_o this_o position_n that_o gavelkind_n be_v a_o property_n of_o that_o eminent_a singularity_n in_o the_o kentishman_n possession_n so_o general_o in_o a_o manner_n from_o great_a antiquity_n overspreading_a that_o county_n as_o england_z this_o day_n can_v show_v her_o fellow_n in_o that_o particular_a and_o in_o his_o 54_o page_n for_o other_o countryman_n communicate_v with_o we_o of_o kent_n in_o the_o tenure_n i_o conceive_v say_v he_o it_o first_o come_v up_o by_o imitation_n of_o our_o example_n in_o ireland_n especial_o and_o among_o the_o welsh-man_n in_o who_o vocabulary_a or_o dictionary_n the_o word_n be_v seek_v in_o vain_a as_o it_o be_v also_o in_o that_o old_a statute_n which_o concern_v they_o viz._n statutum_n walliae_fw-la to_o evince_v this_o beside_o the_o knowledge_n of_o several_a other_o place_n in_o england_n that_o have_v this_o tenure_n eminent_o unto_o this_o day_n somewhat_o that_o mr._n s._n himself_o do_v confess_v in_o his_o tract_n will_v help_v to_o clear_v the_o contrary_a as_o in_o particular_a where_o he_o testify_v pag._n 48._o that_o socage_n land_n in_o general_n and_o by_o the_o nature_n of_o it_o be_v capable_a of_o partition_n and_o by_o custom_n may_v be_v and_o in_o many_o place_n extra_fw-la cantium_n be_v partible_a now_o so_o it_o be_v that_o there_o be_v no_o county_n in_o england_n but_o have_v land_n hold_v in_o socage_n tenure_n and_o upon_o that_o reason_n be_v capable_a of_o partition_n but_o more_o especial_o in_o wales_n where_o the_o word_n be_v in_o use_n among_o they_o and_o more_o to_o a_o just_a and_o proper_a signification_n than_o in_o any_o other_o place_n or_o by_o any_o other_o language_n as_o i_o shall_v show_v anon_o but_o mr._n s._n from_o its_o very_a denomination_n under_o the_o notion_n of_o it_o i_o mean_v will_v persuade_v we_o to_o a_o belief_n of_o its_o singularity_n in_o kent_n which_o i_o can_v admit_v for_o notwithstanding_o he_o have_v not_o find_v any_o land_n in_o any_o other_o place_n to_o pass_v under_o that_o denomination_n because_o say_v he_o the_o land_n in_o any_o deed_n or_o conveyance_n have_v not_o any_o appellation_n of_o gavelkind_n yet_o i_o say_v use_v and_o custom_n have_v still_o inviolable_o retain_v it_o and_o the_o manner_n of_o its_o partition_n be_v in_o several_a place_n know_v under_o the_o very_a title_n of_o gavelkind_n there_o be_v name_n of_o place_n that_o be_v compound_v of_o the_o word_n in_o controversy_n only_o to_o be_v find_v among_o the_o welsh_a the_o ancient_a proprietor_n of_o this_o land_n from_o who_o language_n i_o shall_v make_v it_o my_o design_n to_o derive_v its_o origine_fw-la and_o shall_v begin_v with_o this_o part_n first_o because_o very_o much_o of_o certainty_n in_o antiquity_n be_v to_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o retain_v name_n of_o place_n which_o if_o serious_o remark_v will_v afford_v we_o a_o great_a light_n to_o history_n there_o be_v a_o village_n or_o parish_n in_o monmuthshire_n that_o adjoin_v to_o the_o territory_n of_o urchinfield_n in_o the_o county_n of_o hereford_n call_v to_o this_o day_n llangattok_v feibon_n afel_fw-mi which_o if_o any_o one_o attempt_n to_o read_v to_o a_o welshman_n let_v he_o be_v sure_a to_o pronounce_v the_o single_a f_o like_v a_o v._o consonant_n and_o then_o to_o be_v read_v by_o this_o power_n chlangattok_v vybon_n avel_v but_o the_o common_a denomination_n thereof_o without_o the_o variation_n proper_a to_o the_o welsh_a tongue_n be_v llangattok_v gafael_a meibon_n llan_n or_o as_o it_o be_v render_v by_o our_o english_a writer_n to_o express_v the_o idiomatism_n of_o the_o british_a lhan_n and_o chlan_n signify_v a_o religious_a dedication_n or_o locus_fw-la sacer_fw-la and_o doctor_n davies_n in_o his_o cambro-british_a dictionary_n upon_o the_o same_o word_n say_v that_o vulgò_fw-la sumitur_fw-la pro_fw-la fano_fw-la templo_fw-la sed_fw-la potius_fw-la existimo_fw-la he_o add_v significare_fw-la coemeterium_fw-la vel_fw-la aream_fw-la templi_fw-la let_v it_o be_v either_o church_n or_o church-yard_n it_o do_v intimate_v a_o religious_a dedication_n and_o notwithstanding_o there_o be_v at_o this_o day_n many_o place_n that_o have_v the_o praefix_v of_o llan_n unto_o they_o where_o no_o church_n be_v to_o be_v find_v yet_o if_o search_v into_o and_o trace_v to_o their_o foundation_n will_v discover_v some_o such_o appropriation_n and_o intendment_n so_o i_o find_v in_o the_o forem_fw-la ntion_v region_n of_o urchenfield_n a_o certain_a parish_n call_v hen-ilan_a common_o hentland_n which_o in_o the_o english_a tongue_n signify_v the_o old-church_n and_o in_o certain_a pasture_n belong_v to_o a_o farm_n in_o that_o parish_n there_o be_v a_o place_n which_o to_o this_o day_n be_v call_v llanfrawtwr_n which_o be_v as_o much_o as_o to_o say_v the_o church_n or_o convent_n of_o the_o brethren_n the_o site_n whereof_o be_v upon_o a_o small_a hill_n not_o half_o a_o mile_n distant_a
perquisitum_fw-la legare_fw-la cuicunque_fw-la voluerit_fw-la tenementum_fw-la etc._n etc._n tenementum_fw-la illud_fw-la leg_n atum_fw-la fuit_fw-la breed_fw-mi glodithe_n unde_fw-la dicunt_fw-la quod_fw-la breve_fw-la istud_fw-la non_fw-la currit_fw-la infra_fw-la hundred_o breed_fw-mi to_o this_o jurati_fw-la dicunt_fw-la super_fw-la sacram._n suum_fw-la quod_fw-la predicta_fw-la tenementa_fw-la sunt_fw-la legabilia_fw-la &_o quoth_v predict_v philippus_n tenementa_fw-la illa_fw-la legavit_fw-la predicte_n glodithe_n &_o quod_fw-la breve_fw-la istud_fw-la non_fw-la currit_fw-la infra_fw-la hundred_o predict_v ideo_fw-la glodithe_n concessum_fw-la est_fw-la inde_fw-la sine_fw-la die_fw-la they_o have_v a_o formal_a way_n of_o judgement_n of_o their_o own_o much_o after_o the_o british_a fashion_n the_o steward_n with_o his_o officer_n belong_v to_o the_o court_n be_v seat_v there_o be_v certain_a chief_n among_o they_o who_o house_n and_o land_n be_v hold_v of_o the_o lord_n by_o suit_n and_o doom_n in_o the_o court_n of_o that_o liberty_n and_o hereupon_o be_v call_v doomes-man_n that_o be_v to_o say_v man_n of_o judgement_n or_o such_o who_o judge_n of_o matter_n in_o controversy_n ibidem_fw-la rot._n quo_fw-la war._n ibidem_fw-la therefore_o in_o the_o quo_fw-la warranto_fw-la roll_n of_o irchenfield_n in_o the_o 20_o edward_n 1._o it_o be_v record_v that_o jurati_fw-la hund._n de_fw-fr irchenefeud_n webbetre_n &_o greytr_n dicunt_fw-la quod_fw-la botholin_n qui_fw-la tenuit_fw-la villam_fw-la de_fw-la comboglin_n solebat_fw-la facere_fw-la sectam_fw-la ad_fw-la hundr_n predict_v &_o esse_fw-la unus_fw-la domesman_n de_fw-la eodem_fw-la hundr_n etc._n etc._n and_o in_o other_o collection_n of_o antiquity_n that_o i_o have_v transcribe_v there_o be_v one_o record_n that_o be_v entitle_v de_fw-la libertate_fw-la de_fw-fr domesman_n but_o because_o my_o intention_n be_v to_o be_v more_o large_a upon_o this_o theme_n in_o a_o tract_n more_o proper_a i_o shall_v wave_v it_o at_o this_o present_a only_o among_o other_o duty_n reckon_v up_o in_o domesdey_n this_o be_v one_o that_o i_o have_v almost_o forget_v to_o carry_v the_o king_n message_n into_o wales_n and_o to_o pray_v for_o he_o in_o three_o church_n every_o week_n and_o in_o another_o record_n which_o be_v instar_fw-la omnium_fw-la and_o by_o it_o they_o as_o it_o be_v be_v leave_v to_o their_o own_o liberty_n and_o be_v say_v to_o be_v extra_fw-la comitatum_fw-la not_o bind_v up_o to_o any_o strictness_n by_o the_o country_n law_n which_o how_o far_o transcend_v the_o kentish_a privilege_n i_o leave_v to_o any_o to_o judge_v now_o if_o dower_n of_o the_o moiety_n and_o not_o to_o forfeit_v land_n for_o felony_n be_v the_o great_a privilege_n kent_n have_v by_o the_o tenure_n of_o gavelkind_n then_o be_v the_o privilege_n of_o other_o place_n where_o the_o use_n of_o gavelkind_n be_v not_o at_o this_o present_a far_o great_a as_o in_o some_o special_a privilege_a hundred_o and_o precinct_n etc._n etc._n in_o the_o discourse_n of_o which_o it_o will_v be_v beside_o the_o matter_n in_o hand_n to_o engage_v i_o proceed_v to_o the_o discourse_n of_o chap._n ix_o several_a sort_n of_o gavel_n not_o relate_v to_o the_o tenure_n answer_v as_o urge_v by_o mr._n s._n how_o that_o gavel_n be_v understand_v by_o our_o late_a lawyer_n how_o in_o domesdey_n by_o compare_v place_n together_o and_o how_o among_o the_o saxon_n a_o discourse_n upon_o the_o writ_n call_v gavelet_n mr._n s._n in_o his_o ten_o page_n write_v that_o the_o word_n gavel_n as_o to_o the_o main_a part_n of_o it_o frequent_o occurr_n in_o the_o old_a record_n of_o some_o manor_n out_o of_o kent_n sometime_o simple_o but_o for_o the_o most_o part_n in_o composition_n for_o example_n in_o gavel-erth_a gavelate_v gavellond_n etc._n etc._n i_o make_v not_o a_o citation_n of_o these_o word_n as_o if_o i_o intend_v to_o put_v a_o force_n upon_o they_o as_o some_o at_o the_o first_o read_v may_v imagine_v because_o mr._n s._n averr_v that_o the_o word_n gavel_n do_v occur_v in_o some_o old_a record_n of_o manor_n out_o of_o kent_n which_o i_o take_v not_o as_o there_o mention_v in_o composition_n to_o have_v any_o relation_n to_o the_o tenure_n of_o partition_n for_o that_o which_o be_v apply_v in_o those_o composition_n for_o several_a use_n as_o in_o for-gavel_a mete-gavel_a gavel-rip_a swine-gavel_a werk-gavel_a hunig-gavel_a etc._n etc._n be_v little_a to_o our_o purpose_n several_a such_o i_o have_v meet_v withal_o and_o divers_a different_a from_o what_o mr._n s._n have_v reckon_v i_o have_v encounter_v with_o a_o pride-gavel_a which_o in_o the_o lordship_n of_o rede_o in_o the_o county_n of_o gloucester_n be_v use_v and_o pay_v unto_o this_o day_n as_o a_o rent_n to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o manor_n by_o certain_a tenant_n in_o duty_n and_o acknowledgement_n to_o he_o for_o their_o liberty_n and_o privilege_n of_o fish_v in_o the_o river_n severn_n for_o lampraye_n and_o in_o the_o same_o lordship_n be_v also_o another_o call_v sand-gavel_a which_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o payment_n due_a to_o the_o lord_n for_o liberty_n grant_v to_o the_o tenant_n to_o digg_n up_o sand_n for_o their_o use_n many_o such_o the_o reader_n may_v be_v furnish_v withal_o do_v i_o conceive_v they_o will_v redound_v in_o any_o measure_n to_o our_o discourse_n for_o my_o judgement_n be_v that_o this_o gavel_n in_o these_o composition_n and_o gavel_n in_o the_o tenure_n be_v very_o different_a in_o their_o acceptation_n as_o i_o shall_v show_v anon_o but_o to_o examine_v mr._n s_n collection_n and_o observation_n concern_v these_o compound_a gavel_n where_o in_o his_o paragraph_n of_o oate-gavel_a in_o pag._n 21._o he_o declare_v this_o be_v a_o certain_a proportion_n of_o rent-oate_n serve_v into_o the_o lord_n sometime_o in_o kind_a and_o other_o while_n by_o composition_n redeem_v with_o money_n and_o out_o of_o south-malling_n custumal_a urge_v this_o quod_fw-la omnes_fw-la operarii_fw-la debent_fw-la reddere_fw-la annuatim_fw-la quod_fw-la dicitur_fw-la gavel-otte_a in_o xl_o m2_o i._n e._n in_o quadragesima_fw-la and_o in_o another_o account_n roll_n of_o the_o same_o manor_n it_o be_v say_v concern_v a_o certain_a tenant_n that_o respondet_fw-la de_fw-la octo_fw-la quarteriis_fw-la etc._n etc._n receptis_fw-la de_fw-la gabulo_n custumariorum_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o again_o de_fw-fr avena_n de_fw-mi gablo_fw-mi vendita_fw-la iiis._n and_o xs._n vid._n de_fw-fr quinque_fw-la quarteriis_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o gavel-ote_a de_fw-fr redditu_fw-la venditis_fw-la this_o charge_n of_o ten_o shilling_n six_o penny_n upon_o five_o quarter_n etc._n etc._n sell_v the_o gavel-ote_a de_fw-fr redditu_fw-la i_o guess_v it_o to_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o imposition_n a_o excise_n or_o a_o assess_v which_o be_v the_o proper_a signification_n of_o the_o word_n gablum_fw-la or_o gabulum_fw-la and_o so_o to_o be_v understand_v as_o the_o excise_n or_o assess_v upon_o the_o corn_n sell_v by_o the_o tenant_n when_o for_o rent_n they_o shall_v have_v pay_v oat_n in_o kind_n which_o receive_v a_o little_a explanation_n by_o the_o precedent_a account_n where_o it_o be_v say_v that_o respondet_fw-la de_fw-la octo_fw-la quarteriis_fw-la etc._n etc._n receptis_fw-la de_fw-la gabulo_n custumariorum_fw-la and_o again_o iiis._n de_fw-fr gablo_fw-mi de_fw-fr avena_n vendita_fw-la the_o excise_n or_o assess_v upon_o the_o customary_a tenant_n for_o viij_o quarter_n sell_v and_o the_o iiis._n to_o be_v understand_v in_o the_o like_a manner_n that_o be_v a_o imposition_n or_o excise_n for_o oat_n sell_v certain_o gablum_fw-la or_o gabulum_fw-la be_v not_o a_o word_n so_o much_o out_o of_o use_n that_o we_o have_v need_v to_o grope_v or_o be_v force_v to_o search_v after_o it_o as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o dark_a for_o even_o in_o these_o our_o day_n with_o ease_n we_o may_v produce_v the_o use_n of_o it_o bear_v the_o same_o signification_n as_o i_o have_v now_o give_v to_o it_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n and_o sense_n do_v i_o find_v it_o use_v in_o that_o prodigious_a insurrection_n at_o naples_n within_o these_o few_o year_n under_o massaniello_n a_o fisherman_n where_o the_o story_n translate_v in_o this_o point_n i_o may_v say_v literatim_fw-la give_v the_o ground_n of_o it_o to_o be_v a_o certain_a payment_n or_o excise_n upon_o fish_n which_o the_o italian_n call_v gabelli_n and_o we_o have_v transmit_v unto_o we_o in_o the_o translation_n gabell_n know_v in_o spain_n by_o the_o term_n 78._o term_n martinus_n zeillerus_n in_o his_o â—inerarium_fw-la hispaniae_fw-la out_o of_o mariana_n lib._n 16._o cap._n 9_o and_o lib._n 17_o cap._n 8._o et_fw-la hugo_n linschoten_n say_v anno_fw-la 1341._o introductum_fw-la est_fw-la vectigal_a hâ—sâ—ans_n i._n e._n alcavala_n &_o italis_n gabella_n dictum_fw-la quod_fw-la aliquoties_fw-la postea_fw-la auctum_fw-la suis_fw-la ejus_fw-la vi_fw-la coguntur_fw-la subditi_fw-la decimas_fw-la pendere_fw-la quotiescuâ—que_fw-la merces_fw-la bona_fw-la praedia_fw-la aedes_fw-la &_o agei_n venâ—untur_fw-la eidem_n obnorii_fw-la sunt_fw-la cujuscunque_fw-la generis_fw-la opâ—â—ices_fw-la ut_fw-la sutores_fw-la sartores_fw-la lanii_fw-la &_o quicuaqâ—e_fw-la
his_o lord_n let_v the_o lord_n seek_v by_o the_o award_n of_o his_o court_n from_o three_o week_n to_o three_o week_n to_o find_v some_o distress_n upon_o the_o tenement_n until_o the_o four_o court_n always_o with_o witness_n and_o if_o within_o that_o time_n he_o can_v find_v no_o distress_n in_o that_o tenement_n whereby_o he_o may_v have_v justice_n of_o his_o tenant_n then_o at_o the_o four_o court_n let_v it_o be_v award_v that_o he_o shall_v take_v that_o tenement_n into_o his_o hand_n in_o the_o name_n of_o a_o distress_n as_o if_o it_o be_v a_o ox_n or_o a_o cow_n and_o let_v he_o keep_v it_o a_o year_n and_o a_o day_n in_o his_o hand_n without_o manure_v it_o within_o which_o term_n if_o the_o tenant_n come_v and_o pay_v his_o arrearage_n and_o make_v reasonable_a amends_o for_o the_o withhold_n then_o let_v he_o have_v and_o enjoy_v his_o tenement_n as_o his_o ancestor_n and_o he_o before_o hold_v it_o and_o if_o he_o do_v not_o come_v before_o the_o year_n and_o the_o day_n be_v past_a then_o let_v the_o lord_n go_v to_o the_o next_o county_n court_n with_o his_o witness_n of_o his_o own_o court_n and_o pronounce_v there_o this_o process_n to_o have_v further_a witness_n and_o by_o the_o award_n of_o his_o court_n after_o the_o county_n court_n hold_v he_o shall_v enter_v and_o manare_fw-la in_o those_o land_n and_o tenement_n as_o in_o his_o own_o and_o if_o the_o tenant_n come_v afterward_o and_o will_v re-have_a his_o tenement_n and_o hold_v they_o as_o he_o aid_v before_o let_v he_o make_v agreement_n with_o the_o lord_n according_a as_o it_o be_v ancient_o say_v nighesith_v yield_v and_o nighesith_v geld_v i._n e._n let_v he_o nine_o time_n pay_v and_o nine_o time_n repay_v have_v he_o not_o since_o any_o thing_n give_v nor_o have_v he_o not_o since_o any_o thing_n pay_v let_v he_o pay_v v._o lib._n for_o his_o error_n before_o he_o become_v tenant_n or_o holder_n again_o see_v hereof_o 10_o hen._n 3._o fitz._n cessavit_fw-la 60._o &_o statute_n 10._o edw._n 2._o of_o gavelet_n in_o london_n in_o the_o collection_n of_o statutes_n london_n 2._o matter_n much_o tend_v to_o this_o purpose_n that_o by_o this_o word_n gavelet_n the_o lord_n shall_v have_v the_o land_n for_o the_o cease_v of_o the_o tenant_n i_o have_v read_v much_o to_o this_o purpose_n in_o mr._n lambards_n perambulation_n of_o kent_n but_o the_o whole_a hereof_o relate_v to_o a_o writ_n of_o recovery_n for_o default_n or_o nonpayment_n of_o gafol_n or_o gable_n or_o rent_n the_o word_n gavelet_n which_o be_v nothing_o but_o the_o let_v hindrance_n or_o withhold_a of_o gavel_n gable_n or_o rent_n which_o writ_n run_v in_o london_n as_o well_o as_o in_o kent_n and_o all_o of_o it_o nothing_o to_o our_o tenure_n in_o question_n to_o the_o same_o purpose_n be_v that_o which_o mr._n s._n urge_v in_o his_o 12_o page_n where_o he_o give_v a_o learned_a exposition_n which_o serve_v for_o a_o fortification_n as_o well_o as_o a_o explanation_n upon_o the_o word_n gafol_n which_o he_o describe_v vary_v in_o the_o dialect_n saxonic_fw-la testament_n saxonic_fw-la be_v write_v gafol_n gavel_n gaful_a and_o gafel_v and_o show_v how_o it_o pass_v in_o matth._n 17._o verse_n 24_o &_o 2_o and_o cap._n 22._o vers_fw-la 17_o &_o 19_o to_o signify_v tribute_n which_o i_o think_v may_v prove_v a_o acceptation_n thereof_o natural_o enough_o and_o in_o matth._n 25._o vers_fw-la 27._o it_o serve_v to_o express_v advantage_n or_o usury_n and_o in_o king_n withred_n law_n of_o sr._n henry_n spelmans_fw-mi edition_n of_o his_o ancient_a council_n it_o be_v expound_v to_o we_o by_o what_o it_o be_v common_o receive_v redditus_fw-la vel_fw-la persio_fw-la and_o mr._n selden_n in_o his_o note_n upon_o eadmerus_n render_v geÆ¿â—â—ic_a gaful_a to_o signify_v solitus_fw-la census_fw-la the_o wont_a or_o usual_a payment_n or_o rent_n but_o mr._n s._n conclude_v thus_o to_o be_v short_a say_v he_o gafol_n be_v a_o word_n which_o as_o gablum_fw-la in_o domesdey_n book_n the_o skilful_a in_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n with_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n else_o where_o turn_v by_o what_o gabella_n be_v expound_v abroad_o viz._n vectigal_a portorium_fw-la tributum_fw-la exactio_fw-la census_fw-la etc._n etc._n in_o latin_a but_o in_o english_a with_o verstegan_n tribute_n tax_n or_o custom_n whereunto_o mr._n lambard_n and_o sir_n edward_n coke_n agree_v upon_o which_o and_o to_o all_o mr._n s._n crave_v leave_v to_o add_v rend_v which_o i_o shall_v not_o in_o any_o wise_a deny_v he_o provide_v as_o i_o say_v before_o he_o will_v be_v content_v with_o that_o exposition_n to_o signify_v rend_v and_o not_o go_v about_o for_o the_o sound_a sake_n to_o impose_v it_o on_o the_o tenure_n for_o in_o this_o i_o will_v beg_v a_o information_n or_o rather_o satisfaction_n whether_o gavelkind-land_n may_v not_o be_v and_o be_v not_o hold_v without_o rent_n which_o if_o it_o be_v find_v to_o be_v as_o i_o know_v it_o be_v general_o use_v in_o urchenfield_n and_o perhaps_o in_o other_o place_n also_o then_o do_v it_o destroy_v the_o very_a nature_n of_o the_o etymologye_n but_o with_o this_o part_n upon_o the_o mistake_n of_o the_o word_n gavel_n in_o those_o compound_v mention_v i_o have_v speak_v sufficient_o and_o further_o i_o will_v not_o trouble_v the_o reader_n patience_n about_o it_o in_o the_o next_o place_n here_o be_v chap._n x._o several_a deed_n cite_v by_o mr._n s._n that_o have_v their_o tenenda_n ad_fw-la gavilikendam_fw-la examine_v and_o expound_v i_o be_o constrain_v to_o run_v over_o the_o examination_n of_o several_a deed_n produce_v in_o transcript_n by_o mr._n s._n and_o have_v finish_v the_o discourse_n of_o the_o word_n single_n and_o in_o composition_n i_o be_o come_v to_o experiment_n the_o trial_n of_o it_o in_o the_o term_n proper_a with_o its_o affix_v of_o which_o mr._n s._n say_v pag._n 38._o thus_o for_o example_n in_o a_o number_n of_o deed_n and_o conveyance_n which_o i_o have_v see_v record_v in_o the_o leiger-book_n of_o the_o cathedral_n at_o canterbury_n and_z st._n augustine_n late_a abbey_n there_o phrased_a all_o of_o they_o after_o this_o manner_n tenendum_fw-la ad_fw-la or_o in_o gavelikendam_fw-la etc._n etc._n i_o presume_v he_o have_v cite_v the_o principall_a of_o they_o and_o if_o so_o then_o i_o assure_v you_o i_o be_o not_o stumble_v at_o any_o of_o they_o and_o first_o 39_o pag._n 39_o for_o that_o deed_n of_o the_o son_n of_o wibaldus_n who_o do_v grant_v infirmis_fw-la de_fw-la herbaldune_fw-la unam_fw-la acram_fw-la &_o dimidiam_fw-la terrae_fw-la scil_n langenekre_n cum_fw-la fratre_fw-la svo_fw-la wiberto_n infirmo_fw-la in_o perpetuam_fw-la eleemâ—synam_n and_o to_o gavelkynd_n reddendo_fw-la sibi_fw-la dvos_fw-la denarios_fw-la etc._n etc._n mr._n s._n right_o collect_v from_o the_o mould_n and_o cast_v of_o that_o deed_n the_o bind_n of_o the_o heir_n in_o relation_n to_o their_o gift_n for_o these_o son_n of_o wibaldus_n and_o their_o son_n and_o heir_n and_o their_o daughter_n do_v all_o join_v in_o the_o alienation_n of_o this_o acre_n and_o a_o half_a to_o herbaldune_v hospital_n i_o will_v not_o trouble_v myself_o about_o the_o deed_n to_o quarrel_v at_o their_o scrivener_n who_o seldom_o find_v dimidiam_fw-la write_v for_o dimidium_fw-la or_o believe_v that_o he_o may_v in_o his_o intermixture_n of_o and_o to_o gavelkynd_n make_v a_o ignorant_a coherence_n we_o will_v grant_v it_o all_o right_a and_o straight_o and_o take_v along_o with_o we_o what_o mr._n s._n say_v pag._n 51._o that_o such_o a_o expression_n as_o tenendum_fw-la in_fw-la or_o ad_fw-la gavelkynd_n or_o the_o like_a be_v necessary_a to_o render_v the_o grant_v land_n partible_a after_o the_o custom_n of_o gavelkind_n without_o the_o help_n of_o prescription_n requisite_a in_o partible_a land_n else_o where_o out_o of_o kent_n and_o hereupon_o refer_v to_o the_o plead_n of_o burga_n the_o wife_n of_o peter_n the_o bend_v put_v down_o and_o publish_v in_o the_o appendix_n to_o his_o book_n script_n 5._o but_o the_o first_o he_o will_v have_v to_o be_v a_o gift_n or_o grant_n in_o perpetuam_fw-la but_o not_o in_o puram_fw-la eleemosynam_fw-la there_o be_v no_o more_o than_o perpetuam_fw-la which_o whether_o it_o be_v or_o not_o be_v nothing_o to_o our_o purpose_n but_o the_o reddendum_fw-la as_o well_o as_o the_o tenendum_fw-la in_o that_o deed_n have_v somewhat_o not_o familiar_a for_o it_o be_v say_v there_o reddendo_fw-la sibi_fw-la dvos_fw-la denarios_fw-la etc._n etc._n which_o sibi_fw-la have_v relation_n to_o wiberto_n infirmo_fw-la the_o last_o immediate_o before_o mention_v rather_o than_o to_o any_o other_o in_o that_o deed_n for_o all_o other_o person_n therein_o comprehend_v be_v by_o double_n as_o nos_fw-la filios_fw-la wibaldi_n herbwinum_fw-la &_o eilwardum_fw-la haeredes_fw-la suos_fw-la thomam_fw-la &_o paganum_fw-la with_o this_o also_o hoc_fw-la concedunt_fw-la filiae_fw-la suae_fw-la basilia_n &_o
proper_o call_v villein-service_n have_v be_v as_o they_o still_o be_v intermit_v or_o rather_o quite_o cease_v insomuch_o as_o all_o our_o gavel-kynd-land_n in_o point_n of_o service_n now_o differ_v nothing_o from_o free_a socage_n be_v such_o ubi_fw-la fit_a servitium_fw-la in_o denariis_fw-la that_o there_o be_v change_n out_o of_o villeinage_n tenor_n into_o other_o more_o free_a and_o less_o servile_a be_v frequent_o to_o be_v find_v but_o by_o that_o to_o lay_v any_o force_n upon_o the_o in_o erpretation_n or_o etymologye_n of_o the_o word_n or_o that_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o those_o citation_n bring_v in_o by_o mr._n s._n it_o shall_v signify_v genus_fw-la gabli_fw-la aut_fw-la redditus_fw-la because_o there_o be_v a_o tent_n fix_v upon_o the_o change_n i_o can_v yield_v unto_o it_o to_o what_o he_o observe_v in_o his_o 59_o page_n out_o of_o the_o customal_n of_o eastry_n manor_n in_o kent_n of_o the_o change_a octo_fw-la cotarii_fw-la pro_fw-la gavel-kende_a since_o that_o gavel-kind_n in_o kent_n be_v receive_v as_o a_o tenure_n far_o less_o servile_a than_o their_o ordinary_a villeinage_n this_o change_n i_o say_v be_v very_o considerable_a and_o do_v well_o deserve_v a_o sum_n of_o money_n in_o gersum_fw-la to_o the_o lord_n for_o that_o these_o cotarii_fw-la before_o this_o change_n be_v by_o tenure_n villein_n and_o so_o consequent_o their_o land_n not_o descendable_a to_o their_o child_n their_o person_n not_o scarce_o their_o own_o their_o acquisition_n get_v by_o the_o sweat_n of_o their_o brow_n at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o lord_n by_o this_o change_n these_o cotarii_fw-la be_v invest_v into_o a_o propriety_n of_o this_o land_n and_o this_o land_n make_v to_o descend_v as_o in_o gavelkind_n the_o mutation_n be_v very_o advantageous_a to_o the_o occupant_a but_o yet_o there_o appear_v somewhat_o further_o to_o i_o to_o confirm_v my_o affirmation_n and_o it_o be_v thus_o to_o be_v consider_v mutati_fw-la sunt_fw-la octo_fw-la cotarii_fw-la pro_fw-la gave-kende_a medleferme_fw-la tenet_fw-la unum_fw-la messuagium_fw-la tres_fw-la acras_fw-la quae_fw-la solent_fw-la esse_fw-la cotar_n modo_fw-la reddit_fw-la xl._n den_n de_fw-mi gablo_fw-mi these_o cotarii_fw-la have_v their_o land_n change_v into_o gavel-kend_a &_o medleferm_fw-la tenet_fw-la unum_fw-la messuagium_fw-la que_fw-la solent_fw-la esse_fw-la cotarii_fw-la modo_fw-la reddit_fw-la xl._n den_n de_fw-mi gablo_fw-mi they_o be_v change_v into_o the_o tenure_n of_o gavelkind_n and_o pay_v rend_v xl._n den_n de_fw-mi gablo_fw-mi this_o last_o notwithstanding_o the_o propinquity_n of_o sound_n can_v have_v any_o relation_n to_o gavel-kende_a for_o than_o it_o have_v be_v a_o tautology_n but_o gavel-kind_n and_o gablum_fw-la be_v set_v forth_o into_o different_a and_o distinct_a use_n the_o tenure_n be_v change_v into_o gavel-kind_n with_o the_o reservation_n of_o a_o annual_a rent_n of_o xl._n den_n de_fw-mi gablo_fw-mi that_o be_v to_o say_v upon_o the_o account_n of_o that_o imposition_n make_v at_o the_o agreement_n by_o way_n of_o acknowledgement_n for_o create_v this_o land_n gavel-kind-land_n the_o last_o have_v relation_n to_o the_o rent_n reserve_v and_o the_o acknowledgement_n the_o other_o to_o the_o manner_n of_o hold_v in_o relation_n to_o the_o change_n and_o to_o the_o future_a descent_n so_o likewise_o be_v that_o other_o citation_n out_o of_o the_o archbishop_n accompt-roll_n in_o the_o year_n 1230._o where_n it_o be_v thus_o enter_v &_o dâ—_n xiiis._n ivd._n the_o fine_a cotariorum_n ut_fw-la coteriae_fw-la suae_fw-la ponerentur_fw-la adredditum_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v that_o their_o cottage_n may_v be_v fix_v and_o certain_a in_o relation_n to_o their_o gable_n or_o reat_n for_o which_o they_o pay_v a_o fine_a whereas_o the_o first_o citation_n have_v relation_n both_o to_o tenure_n and_o rent_n i_o shall_v now_o take_v my_o progress_n northward_o and_o inform_v you_o that_o there_o be_v also_o as_o the_o remainder_n of_o the_o ancient_a planter_n chap._n xvii_o gavel-kind_n in_o scotland_n when_o the_o english_a tongue_n and_o the_o custom_n be_v first_o plant_v in_o scotland_n mr._n s._n in_o his_o 53d._o page_n report_n that_o the_o tenure_n of_o gavelkynd_n in_o other_o country_n beside_o kent_n be_v a_o custom_n indeed_o but_o yet_o like_a to_o that_o in_o scottish_a socage_n land_n to_o which_o he_o produce_v as_o a_o test._n skenaeus_fw-la i_o find_v by_o mr._n s._n that_o gavel-kind_n shall_v be_v permit_v in_o other_o country_n to_o be_v like_a unto_o that_o in_o wales_n like_o that_o in_o ireland_n like_v to_o scottish_a socage-land_n rather_o than_o like_v to_o itself_o or_o to_o the_o same_o etc._n same_o yet_o mr._n john_n skene_n say_v in_o his_o chapter_n de_fw-fr linea_fw-la recta_fw-la descendentium_fw-la thus_o give_v any_o man_n deceasis_n &_o leavis_n behind_o he_o maa_o son_n nor_o one_fw-mi either_o he_o be_v succomaanus_n &_o haldis_n not_o his_o land_n be_v service_n of_o ward_n and_o then_o his_o heretage_n be_v divide_v amang_v all_o his_o son_n or_o he_o be_v mile_n la_o the_o quhilk_fw-mi case_n the_o elder_a son_n succeedis_fw-la in_o the_o haâ—_n land_n quhilk_n heretable_o pertein_v to_o his_o father_n etc._n etc._n what_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o scottish-socageland_a be_v or_o have_v be_v ancient_o in_o scotland_n i_o be_o not_o certain_a but_o of_o this_o i_o be_o assure_v that_o there_o be_v seucral_a manor_n heretofore_o belong_v to_o certain_a bishop_n of_o scotland_n where_o there_o be_v the_o same_o usage_n of_o partition_n of_o land_n as_o in_o gavel-kind_n which_o show_v that_o those_o land_n belong_v in_o those_o ancient_a time_n to_o the_o church_n do_v not_o feel_v the_o severity_n of_o the_o war_n but_o enjoy_v this_o custom_n and_o tenure_n from_o their_o most_o ancient_a proprietor_n which_o be_v also_o plain_o to_o be_v perceive_v by_o the_o retention_n of_o this_o tenure_n yet_o in_o force_n among_o the_o ancient_a britain_n of_o the_o isle_n who_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o site_n be_v most_o free_a from_o the_o fury_n of_o the_o war._n i_o call_v they_o britain_n though_o now_o they_o be_v call_v high-lander_n because_o upon_o trial_n of_o word_n and_o denomination_n of_o place_n i_o find_v that_o language_n and_o the_o british_a so_o coherent_a as_o that_o there_o be_v not_o much_o difference_n between_o they_o to_o a_o serious_a observer_n as_o i_o have_v before_o treat_v consideration_n be_v have_v to_o such_o word_n as_o have_v suffer_v by_o the_o saxon_a converse_n for_o this_o island_n at_o its_o first_o plantation_n do_v certain_o upon_o the_o increase_n of_o family_n who_o first_o settle_v in_o the_o easternmost_a part_n thereof_o remove_v their_o increase_n westward_o and_o northward_o till_o such_o time_n as_o by_o this_o mean_v both_o cornwall_n and_o the_o orcades_n be_v also_o plant_v and_o then_o the_o saxon_n in_o process_n of_o time_n inforce_v the_o britain_n to_o leave_v these_o their_o ancient_a seat_n in_o the_o eastern_a part_n of_o the_o isle_n yet_o not_o all_o as_o i_o show_v before_o who_o retire_v by_o their_o force_n either_o into_o cornwall_n wales_n the_o scottish_a highland_n or_o base_a britainy_a in_o france_n where_o they_o in_o their_o offspring_n do_v occupy_v these_o place_n with_o ireland_n also_o unto_o this_o day_n there_o lie_v a_o large_a island_n name_v lewis_n belong_v to_o the_o earl_n of_o seaforth_n between_o the_o hebrides_n and_o the_o orcade_n which_o whole_o hold_v by_o this_o tenure_n of_o partition_n by_o what_o name_n there_o call_v i_o can_v not_o understand_v for_o their_o language_n there_o be_v irish-british_a but_o if_o according_a to_o mr._n s._n the_o name_n be_v saxon_a in_o its_o original_n what_o hinder_v but_o that_o all_o country_n where_o the_o saxon_a language_n be_v in_o use_n shall_v have_v the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o word_n and_o upon_o this_o ground_n it_o be_v that_o i_o may_v with_o moroprobability_n è_fw-la contra_fw-la infer_v that_o because_o it_o be_v not_o so_o universal_o know_v in_o those_o place_n where_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n be_v speak_v it_o administer_v more_o reason_n to_o believe_v and_o conceive_v it_o shall_v have_v another_o origine_fw-la than_o to_o be_v so_o easy_o lose_v among_o the_o very_a user_n of_o the_o language_n and_o in_o no_o such_o place_n to_o be_v find_v as_o mr._n s._n will_v have_v we_o believe_v but_o within_o the_o sept_n of_o kent_n the_o time_n of_o plant_v the_o saxon_a custom_n in_o scotland_n be_v difficult_a to_o be_v know_v but_o if_o the_o plant_n the_o language_n argue_v any_o probability_n of_o the_o plant_n of_o custom_n then_o we_o have_v best_o make_v the_o time_n of_o the_o plant_n the_o saxon_a tongue_n the_o matter_n of_o our_o enquiry_n thence_o be_v able_a probable_o to_o deduce_v that_o at_o that_o time_n the_o custom_n be_v receive_v for_o it_o be_v far_o otherwise_o in_o the_o saxon_a settlement_n in_o scotland_n than_o in_o england_n for_o here_o they_o plant_v and_o settle_v with_o the_o
board_n or_o table_n and_o cotarii_fw-la be_v cottager_n such_o as_o dwell_v in_o a_o cottage_n 1._o cottage_n anno_fw-la 4._o ed._n 1._o stat._n 1._o that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o house_n without_o land_n belong_v to_o it_o and_o come_v from_o the_o saxon_a word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o be_v the_o same_o with_o tugurium_fw-la and_o tectum_fw-la in_o latin_a a_o â—egendo_fw-la so_o as_o this_o be_v in_o signification_n a_o cover_n or_o shelter_n because_o those_o small_a habitation_n be_v only_o make_v to_o cover_v they_o from_o the_o sun_n and_o weather_n i_o be_o not_o ignorant_a of_o that_o great_a mistake_n the_o whole_a current_n of_o writer_n have_v run_v into_o those_o who_o work_n have_v be_v publish_v within_o these_o last_o 300_o year_n where_o they_o general_o endeavour_v to_o load_v all_o the_o indignity_n of_o tenor_n of_o servility_n and_o vassalage_n upon_o this_o norman_a change_n i_o deny_v not_o but_o that_o some_o be_v at_o that_o time_n introduce_v especial_o many_o jocular_a tenor_n which_o be_v the_o effect_n of_o private_a contract_n betwixt_o the_o lord_n and_o his_o tenant_n and_o not_o of_o any_o general_a concernment_n but_o hence_o i_o can_v yield_v to_o conclude_v that_o all_o tenor_n of_o servility_n be_v of_o their_o introduction_n mr._n s._n continue_v in_o his_o opinion_n in_o the_o 104_o page_n where_o he_o write_v that_o fee-simple_n fee-tayl_n fee-farm_n grand_a &_o petit_fw-fr serjeanty_n escuage_z burgage_n villeinage_n etc._n etc._n be_v all_o of_o the_o norman_a plantation_n and_o we_o by_o they_o say_v he_o at_o least_o since_o their_o conquest_n of_o we_o bring_v acquaint_v with_o they_o etc._n etc._n perhaps_o those_o compound_n may_v be_v the_o effect_n of_o the_o consultation_n of_o some_o of_o the_o king_n of_o the_o norman_a race_n but_o for_o the_o word_n fee_n minshew_n discourse_v very_o well_o upon_o it_o for_o say_v he_o our_o ancient_a lawyer_n either_o not_o observe_v from_o whence_o the_o word_n grow_v or_o at_o least_o not_o sufficient_o express_v their_o knowledge_n what_o it_o signify_v among_o they_o from_o who_o they_o take_v it_o feudum_fw-la whence_o the_o word_n fief_n or_o fee_n come_v signify_v in_o the_o german_a language_n 107._o language_n in_o like_a manner_n do_v mr._n s._n labour_n to_o deduce_v it_o from_o a_o saxon_a original_a p._n 107._o beneficium_fw-la cujus_fw-la nomine_fw-la opera_fw-la quaedam_fw-la gratiae_fw-la testificandae_fw-la causa_fw-la debentur_fw-la and_o our_o of_o hotoman_n say_v that_o by_o this_o name_n go_v all_o land_n and_o tenement_n that_o be_v hold_v by_o any_o acknowledgement_n of_o any_o superiority_n to_o any_o high_a lord_n so_o be_v all_o the_o land_n in_o england_n except_o the_o crown_n land_n hold_v that_o be_v of_o feudum_n or_o fee_n for_o he_o that_o can_v say_v most_o for_o his_o estute_n say_v but_o this_o seisitus_fw-la inde_fw-la in_o dominico_n meo_fw-la ut_fw-la de_fw-la seudo_fw-la which_o be_v i_o be_o seize_v of_o this_o or_o that_o land_n or_o tenement_n in_o my_o demain_fw-fr as_o of_o fee_n which_o be_v no_o more_o than_o if_o he_o shall_v say_v it_o be_v my_o demain_fw-fr or_o proper_a land_n after_o a_o sort_n because_o it_o be_v to_o i_o and_o my_o heir_n for_o ever_o yet_o not_o simple_o i_o because_o i_o hold_v it_o in_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o benefit_n from_o another_o and_o fee-tayl_n as_o distinguish_v be_v not_o a_o introduction_n of_o the_o norman_n for_o that_o minshew_n observe_v it_o to_o have_v its_o original_a from_o the_o statute_n of_o westm._n 2._o c._n 1._o which_o be_v make_v anno_fw-la 13._o edw._n 1._o the_o word_n feud_n be_v use_v familiar_o to_o this_o day_n in_o the_o high_a and_o low_a germanye_n for_o what_o concerus_a grand_a &_o petit_fw-fr serjeanty_n i_o believe_v the_o word_n to_o be_v french_a and_o so_o introduce_v by_o the_o norman_n to_o express_v those_o service_n that_o be_v due_a to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n before_o the_o conquest_n such_o service_n be_v reserve_v by_o the_o saxon_a king_n the_o service_n of_o escuage_z be_v before_o the_o norman_a conquest_n though_o not_o know_v by_o that_o name_n the_o like_a be_v of_o burgage_n which_o be_v no_o more_o than_o a_o yearly_a rent_n whereby_o man_n of_o city_n and_o burrows_n hold_v their_o land_n or_o tenement_n of_o the_o king_n or_o any_o other_o lord_n which_o be_v in_o use_n before_o the_o conquest_n concern_v villeinage_n mr._n s._n do_v cite_v out_o of_o mr._n lambards_n perambulation_n of_o kent_n in_o mepham_n under_o the_o term_n of_o agenes-land_n this_o as_o a_o very_a ancient_a passage_n which_o have_v be_v enough_o to_o have_v convince_v i_o that_o there_o have_v be_v villain_n before_o the_o norman_a conquest_n and_o it_o be_v this_o et_fw-la si_fw-la villanus_fw-la ita_fw-la crevisset_fw-la sva_fw-la probitate_fw-la quod_fw-la pleniter_fw-la haberet_fw-la quinque_fw-la hidas_fw-la de_fw-la svo_fw-la proprio_fw-la alledio_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o in_o his_o 114._o page_n cit_v a_o old_a version_n of_o the_o 19_o and_o 21._o of_o king_n ina_n law_n of_o the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o be_v make_v thereby_o to_o signify_v villanus_fw-la or_o colonus_n and_o it_o be_v convict_v by_o domesdey_n book_n survey_v in_o sudsexe_n thus_o radulfus_n tenet_fw-la de_fw-fr willielmo_n viz._n de_fw-mi warene_n bristelmestune_n brictric_n tenuit_fw-la de_fw-la dono_fw-la godwini_fw-la comitis_fw-la t._n r._n e._n &_o modo_fw-la se_fw-la defendit_fw-la pro_fw-la v._n hide_v &_o dim_a tran_n est_fw-la iii_o car_n in_o dnino_fw-la est_fw-la dimid_n car_fw-fr &_o xviii_o villain_n &_o ix_o bordarii_fw-la cum_fw-la iii_o car_n &_o uno_fw-la servo_fw-la de_fw-fr gablo_fw-mi iv_o milia_fw-la alletium_fw-la in_o eadem_fw-la villa_n tenet_fw-la widardus_fw-la de_fw-fr willo_n vi_o hide_v &_o unam_fw-la vs._n &_o proâ—tanto_fw-la se_fw-la defendit_fw-la tres_n aloarn_v tenuerunt_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la edwardo_n &_o potuerunt_fw-la ire_n quolibet_fw-la unus_n ex_fw-la eye_n habuit_fw-la aulam_fw-la &_o villani_n tenuerunt_fw-la part_n aliorum_fw-la duorum_fw-la here_o be_v a_o express_a of_o a_o servus_n and_o also_o of_o the_o villani_n who_o hold_v this_o land_n in_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n beside_o this_o i_o can_v allege_v many_o more_o but_o sir_n edward_n coke_n upon_o littleton_n say_v that_o villani_n in_o domesday_n be_v not_o there_o take_v for_o bondman_n but_o have_v their_o name_n de_fw-fr villis_fw-la because_o they_o have_v ferm_n and_o there_o do_v work_n of_o husbandry_n for_o the_o lord_n and_o they_o be_v ever_o before_o name_v bordarii_n which_o be_v contrary_a to_o mr._n s._n in_o what_o i_o cite_v before_o of_o he_o concern_v bordmanni_n which_o i_o believe_v be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o thing_n with_o bordarii_n and_o such_o as_o be_v bondman_n be_v call_v servi_n thus_o sir_n edward_n coke_n but_o i_o believe_v the_o norman_n find_v these_o villain_n here_o even_o by_o their_o name_n by_o which_o i_o believe_v they_o be_v of_o a_o very_a ancient_a stand_n for_o that_o i_o find_v they_o know_v by_o the_o britain_n by_o that_o title_n as_o they_o be_v often_o mention_v in_o the_o law_n of_o howel-dha_a in_o a_o law_n which_o before_o in_o this_o 〈◊〉_d i_o mention_v be_v notice_n take_v of_o a_o king_n villain_n and_o of_o a_o nobleman_n villain_n and_o then_o another_o that_o give_v a_o right_a to_o the_o foster-children_n of_o divide_v land_n with_o the_o child_n of_o the_o villain_n but_o a_o little_a more_o plain_o to_o bring_v the_o proof_n in_o those_o law_n it_o be_v demonstrate_v how_o that_o tres_fw-la homines_fw-la promoveri_fw-la possunt_fw-la uâ—a_fw-la die_v that_o be_v to_o say_v as_o i_o guess_v it_o they_o be_v make_v gentleman_n in_o one_o day_n here_o you_o must_v take_v the_o latin_a as_o i_o find_v it_o captivus_fw-la si_fw-la movetus_fw-la in_o swyd_n de_fw-fr xxiv_o officialibus_fw-la swyd_n be_v dignitas_fw-la dignity_n so_o that_o the_o sense_n of_o it_o be_v this_o if_o the_o prince_n bestow_v upon_o a_o caprive_n the_o dignity_n of_o be_v one_o of_o the_o twenty_o four_o chief_a officer_n of_o his_o court_n it_o be_v a_o advancement_n peculiar_a or_o he_o become_v by_o it_o a_o gentleman_n secundus_fw-la filius_fw-la villani_fw-la si_fw-la sit_fw-la clericus_fw-la our_o common_a law_n do_v differ_v from_o the_o civil_a law_n which_o say_v partus_fw-la sequitur_fw-la ventrem_fw-la where_o as_o the_o common_a law_n have_v it_o partus_fw-la sequitur_fw-la patrem_fw-la but_o here_o provision_n be_v make_v that_o the_o son_n of_o a_o villain_n be_v a_o clergy_n man_n shall_v become_v a_o gentleman_n which_o be_v somewhat_o explain_v by_o the_o next_o tertius_fw-la homo_fw-la ex_fw-la captiva_fw-la villa_n si_fw-fr villa_n habeat_fw-la à _fw-la domino_fw-la patrie_fw-fr licentiam_fw-la ecclesiam_fw-la aedificare_fw-la &_o in_o cimiterio_fw-la ejus_fw-la corpora_fw-la sepeliri_fw-la tunc_fw-la villa_n siâ—_n &_o omnes_fw-la homines_fw-la de_fw-la ea_fw-la postea_fw-la sunt_fw-la liberi_fw-la that_o