very_o troublesome_a and_o therefore_o now_o for_o the_o most_o part_n that_o way_n be_v alter_v and_o they_o use_v to_o levy_v the_o same_o by_o the_o yard_n or_o acre_n or_o other_o measure_n of_o land_n by_o mean_n whereof_o it_o be_v now_o less_o troublesome_a and_o more_o certain_a then_o before_o it_o be_v and_o every_o town_n and_o country_n do_v know_v what_o sum_n be_v to_o be_v pay_v among_o they_o and_o how_o the_o same_o shall_v be_v raise_v we_o read_v that_o moses_n be_v the_o first_o that_o do_v number_v the_o people_n for_o he_o number_v the_o israelit_n and_o therefore_o the_o first_o tax_n subsidy_n tribute_n or_o fifteen_o be_v invent_v by_o he_o among_o the_o hebrews_n as_o polidore_n virgil_n do_v think_v regrator_fw-la regrator_n be_v he_o that_o have_v corn_n victual_n or_o other_o thing_n sufficient_a for_o his_o own_o necessary_a need_n occupation_n or_o spendinge_v and_o do_v nevertheless_o engross_v and_o buy_v uppe_o into_o his_o hand_n more_o corn_n victual_n or_o other_o such_o thing_n to_o the_o intent_n to_o sell_v the_o same_o again_o at_o a_o high_a rend_v dear_a price_n in_o fair_n markete_n or_o such_o like_a place_n rejoinder_n rejoinder_n be_v when_o the_o defendant_n make_v answer_v to_o the_o replication_n of_o the_o plaintyfe_n and_o every_o rejoinder_n ought_v to_o have_v these_o two_o property_n special_o that_o be_v to_o say_v it_o ought_v to_o be_v a_o sufficient_a answer_n to_o the_o replication_n &_o also_o to_o follow_v and_o enforce_v the_o matter_n of_o the_o bar_n relief_n relief_n be_v sometime_o a_o certain_a some_o of_o money_n that_o the_o heir_n shall_v pay_v to_o the_o lord_n of_o who_o those_o land_n be_v hold_v which_o after_o the_o disease_n of_o his_o auncestour_n be_v to_o he_o dyscend_v as_o next_o heir_n sometime_o it_o be_v the_o payment_n of_o a_o other_o thing_n and_o not_o money_n and_o therefore_o relief_n be_v not_o certain_a and_o a_o like_a for_o all_o tenor_n but_o every_o sundry_a tenure_n have_v for_o the_o most_o part_n his_o special_a relief_n certain_a in_o itself_o neither_o be_v it_o to_o be_v pay_v always_o at_o a_o certain_a age_n but_o vary_v therein_o also_o according_a to_o the_o tenure_n as_o if_o the_o tenant_n have_v land_n hold_v by_o knight_n seruic_n except_o great_a sergeantie_n and_o die_v his_o heir_n be_v of_o full_a age_n and_o hold_v his_o land_n by_o the_o service_n of_o a_o whole_a knight_n fee_n the_o lord_n of_o who_o that_o land_n be_v so_o hold_v shall_v have_v of_o the_o heir_n 100_o s._n in_o the_o name_n of_o relyefe_n and_o if_o he_o hold_v by_o less_o than_o a_o knight_n fee_n he_o shall_v pay_v less_o and_o if_o more_o than_o more_o have_v respect_n always_o to_o the_o rate_n for_o every_o knight_n fee_n a_o hundred_o shilling_n and_o if_o he_o hold_v by_o grand_a serieantie_n which_o be_v always_o of_o the_o queen_n and_o be_v also_o knight_n service_n than_o the_o relyefe_n shalbée_v the_o value_n of_o the_o land_n by_o the_o year_n beside_o all_o charge_n issuinge_v out_o of_o the_o same_o relief_n that_o the_o lord_n shall_v have_v for_o land_n hold_v in_o socage_n be_v so_o much_o more_o as_o the_o rent_n that_o the_o tenant_n hold_v his_o land_n in_o socage_n by_o as_o if_o he_o hold_v by_o a_o penye_n rend_v and_o die_v the_o lord_n shall_v have_v that_o penny_n rend_v and_o a_o penny_n over_o for_o relief_n of_o what_o age_n soever_o the_o tenant_n be_v at_o the_o death_n of_o his_o auncestour_n and_o note_v that_o insome_a case_n the_o lord_n shall_v have_v his_o relief_n immediate_o after_o the_o death_n of_o his_o tenant_n if_o it_o so_o be_v that_o the_o time_n of_o the_o year_n will_v suffer_v the_o same_o to_o be_v get_v as_o money_n corn_n flesh_n fish_n spice_n or_o any_o such_o like_a and_o for_o default_n of_o payement_fw-fr the_o lord_n may_v therefore_o of_o common_a right_n present_o distrain_v but_o in_o some_o case_n the_o lord_n must_v stay_v for_o his_o relief_n a_o certain_a time_n when_o necessity_n so_o constrain_v as_o if_o the_o tenant_n hold_v by_o a_o rose_n a_o cherry_n a_o strawberry_n or_o such_o like_a &_o die_v in_o winter_n he_o shall_v not_o have_v relief_n till_o rose_n cherry_n and_o strawberry_n be_v natural_o fresh_a and_o ripe_a which_o be_v about_o midsummer_n &_o then_o he_o shall_v have_v one_o for_o rent_n &_o a_o other_o for_o relief_n there_o be_v a_o other_o kind_n of_o relief_n that_o be_v pay_v after_o the_o death_n change_n or_o alienation_n of_o fréeholder_n that_o hold_v in_o ancient_a demesne_fw-la and_o otherwise_o &_o be_v pay_v as_o a_o knowledge_n of_o the_o tenure_n between_o y_o e_o lord_n and_o the_o tenant_n the_o same_o be_v not_o certain_a how_o much_o but_o do_v vary_v according_a to_o y_z e_z custom_n of_o the_o manor_n or_o tenure_n and_o be_v to_o be_v present_v by_o the_o homage_n or_o sutour_n at_o the_o next_o court_n day_n of_o the_o same_o manner_n and_o note_v that_o always_o when_o the_o relief_n be_v due_a it_o must_v be_v pay_v at_o one_o whole_a payment_n and_o not_o by_o part_n although_o that_o the_o rent_n be_v to_o be_v pay_v at_o several_a feste_n remainder_n remaynder_n of_o land_n be_v the_o land_n that_o shall_v remain_v after_o the_o particular_a estate_n determine_v as_o if_o one_o grant_v lanoe_n for_o term_n of_o year_n or_o for_o life_n the_o remaynder_n to_o i._o s._n that_o be_v to_o say_v that_o when_o the_o lease_n for_o year_n be_v determine_v or_o lessée_v for_o life_n be_v dead_a that_o then_o y_fw-mi â—_o land_n shall_v remain_v shall_v be_v or_o abide_v with_o to_z or_o in_o i._o s._n replication_n replication_n be_v when_o you_o â—_o defendant_z in_o any_o action_n make_v a_o answer_n and_o the_o plaintiff_n make_v a_o answer_n to_o that_o that_o be_v call_v the_o replication_n of_o the_o plaintiff_n reprise_n â–ª_o reprise_n be_v deduction_n payment_n and_o duty_n that_o go_v yearly_a and_o be_v pay_v out_o of_o a_o manor_n as_o rend_v charge_n rend_v seek_v pention_n corody_n annuity_n &_o such_o like_a resceipt_n resceit_n be_v when_o a_o action_n be_v bring_v against_o the_o tenant_n for_o term_v of_o life_n or_o tenant_n for_o term_n of_o year_n and_o he_o in_o the_o reversion_n come_v in_o and_o pray_v to_o be_v receive_v to_o defend_v the_o land_n and_o to_o plede_n with_o the_o demaundaunt_a and_o when_o he_o come_v it_o behove_v that_o he_o be_v always_o ready_a to_o plede_n with_o the_o demaundant_a reservation_n reservation_n be_v take_v diverse_a way_n &_o have_v diverse_a nature_n as_o some_o time_n by_o way_n of_o exception_n to_o keep_v that_o which_o a_o man_n have_v before_o in_o he_o as_o if_o a_o lease_n be_v make_v for_o year_n of_o ground_n reserve_v y_o e_o great_a tree_n grow_v upon_o the_o same_o now_o you_o e_o lessée_fw-fr may_v not_o meddle_v w_z t_z them_z nor_o which_o it_o any_o thing_n y_o it_o come_v by_o reason_n of_o they_o so_o long_o as_o it_o abide_v in_o or_o upon_o the_o tree_n as_o mast_n of_o oak_n chestnut_n apple_n or_o such_o like_a but_o if_o they_o fall_v from_o the_o tree_n to_o the_o ground_n than_o they_o be_v in_o right_a the_o lessées_fw-fr for_o y_fw-es â—_o ground_n be_v set_v to_o he_o and_o all_o theruppon_o not_o reserve_v etc._n etc._n sometime_o a_o reservation_n do_v get_v and_o bring_v forth_o a_o other_o thing_n which_o be_v not_o before_o as_o if_o a_o mâ—_n lease_n his_o land_n reserve_v yearly_o for_o y_fw-fr e_fw-la sane_fw-la xx_o li._n etc._n etc._n and_o diverse_a other_o such_o reservation_n thereby_o and_o note_n y_z e_z in_o ancient_a time_n their_o reservation_n be_v as_o well_o or_o for_o the_o more_o part_n in_o victual_n whether_o flesh_n fish_n corn_n bread_n drink_n or_o what_o else_o as_o in_o money_n until_o at_o the_o last_o and_o that_o chief_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o first_o by_o agreement_n y_fw-fr â—_o reservation_n of_o victual_n be_v change_v into_o ready_a money_n as_o it_o have_v hither_o so_o since_o continue_v retraxit_fw-la retraxit_fw-la be_v the_o preterperfectence_n of_o retraho_fw-la compound_n of_o re_n and_o traho_fw-la which_o make_v retraho_fw-la to_o pull_v back_o and_o be_v when_o the_o party_n plaintiff_n or_o demaundant_a come_v in_o proper_a person_n into_o the_o court_n where_o his_o plea_n be_v and_o say_v that_o he_o will_v not_o proceed_v any_o far_a in_o the_o same_o etc._n etc._n now_o this_o shall_v be_v a_o bar_n to_o the_o action_n for_o ever_o reeve_v reeve_n be_v a_o officer_n but_o more_o know_v in_o ancient_a time_n then_o at_o this_o day_n for_o almost_o every_o manor_n have_v then_o a_o réeve_v and_o yet_o still_o in_o many_o copy_n hold_v manner_n where_o the_o old_a custom_n any_o thing_n prevayl_v
usage_n of_o the_o country_n y_fw-fr â—_o common_a law_n of_o the_o realm_n also_o which_o expound_v the_o word_n give_v to_o mean_v a_o feoffement_n &_o which_o not_o only_o disallow_v of_o any_o gift_n make_v by_o a_o infant_n but_o also_o punish_v the_o taker_n in_o trespass_n unless_o he_o have_v it_o by_o livery_n from_o y_fw-es â—_o infant_n own_o â—â—ndes_n as_o appear_v in_o 26._o h._n 8._o 2._o 9_o h._n 7._o 24._o 18._o e._n 4._o 2._o 22._o h._n 6._o 3._o and_o diverse_a other_o book_n 21_o and_o if_o any_o such_o tenant_n in_o gavelkind_n dye_v and_o have_v a_o wife_n that_o overlive_v he_o let_v that_o wife_n by_o and_o by_o be_v endow_v of_o you_o â—_o one_o half_n of_o the_o tenement_n whereof_o her_o husband_n die_v vest_v and_o seize_v by_o y_fw-es â—_o heir_n if_o they_o be_v of_o age_n or_o by_o the_o lord_n if_z y_z â—_o heir_n be_v not_o of_o age_n so_o that_o she_o may_v have_v the_o one_o half_a of_o those_o land_n and_o tenement_n to_o hold_v so_o long_o as_o she_o keep_v she_o a_o widow_n or_o shall_v be_v attaint_v of_o child_n birth_n â–ª_o after_o the_o ancient_a usage_n that_o be_v to_o say_v that_o iâ—_n wâ—â—_n she_o be_v deliver_v of_o child_n &_o the_o infant_n be_v herd_n cry_v and_o that_o the_o hue_n and_o 〈…〉_o be_v raise_v and_o the_o country_n assemble_v and_o have_v the_o view_n of_o the_o child_n so_o bear_v and_o the_o mother_n then_o let_v she_o loose_v her_o dower_n wholye_a â–ª_o and_o otherwise_o not_o so_o long_o as_o she_o hold_v she_o a_o widow_n whereof_o it_o be_v say_v in_o kentish_a he_z tâ—at_o do_v wend_v she_o let_v he_o lend_v she_o this_o custme_n have_v be_v allow_v of_o by_o the_o common_a law_n long_o time_n since_o as_o may_v be_v read_v praerog_n regis_fw-la cap._n 16._o &_o 2._o h._n 3._o in_o fitz._n to_o prescription_n 59_o etc._n etc._n but_o it_o be_v a_o doubt_n whether_o a_o woman_n shall_v be_v endow_v by_o this_o custme_n of_o a_o possession_n in_o law_n or_o no_o for_o that_o y_fw-mi â—_o word_n be_v of_z y_z e_z tenement_n whereof_o her_o husband_n die_v vest_v &_o seize_v which_o word_n vest_v enforce_v a_o possession_n in_o deed_n and_o not_o in_o law_n only_o and_o therefore_o if_o land_n in_o gavelkind_n descend_v to_o a_o marry_a man_n â–ª_o which_o die_v before_o he_o make_v his_o entry_n into_o the_o same_o inquire_v whether_o it_o be_v y_fw-fr e_o manner_n to_o endow_v his_o wife_n thereof_o or_o no_o a_o woman_n shall_v not_o be_v endow_v by_o this_o custom_n of_o a_o bailliwike_a or_o fair_a or_o such_o like_a profit_n by_o the_o oppynyon_n of_o m._n parkins_n foe_n 84._o because_o y_fw-fr â—_o word_n of_o this_o customary_a dower_n be_v terres_fw-la et_fw-la tenement_n and_o all_o custom_n shall_v find_v a_o literal_a and_o straight_a interpretation_n and_o where_o she_o be_v to_o be_v endow_v by_o this_o custom_n she_o may_v very_o well_o be_v endow_v of_o a_o moiety_n to_o be_v hold_v in_o common_a with_o the_o heir_n y_fw-fr t_o enjoy_v y_fw-mi â—_o other_o half_o etc._n etc._n it_o be_v a_o doubt_n whether_o you_o â—_o a_o woman_n entitle_v to_o dower_n in_o gavelkind_n may_v waive_v her_o dower_n of_o the_o half_a after_o this_o custom_n &_o bring_v her_o action_n to_o be_v endow_v of_o y_fw-fr e_o 3._o at_o y_z e_z common_a law_n &_o so_o exempt_v herself_o from_o all_o danger_n of_o y_fw-fr e_o customary_a condition_n or_o no_o soon_o have_v be_v of_o opinion_n y_fw-fr â—_o she_o be_v at_o liberty_n to_o take_v y_fw-mi â—_o one_o &_o refuse_v y_fw-fr â—_o other_o at_o her_o pleasure_n &_o therefore_o inquire_v thereof_o etc._n etc._n 22_o and_o they_o claim_v also_o that_o if_o a_o man_n take_v a_o wife_n which_o have_v inheritance_n of_o gavelkinde_n and_o the_o wife_n die_v before_o he_o let_v the_o husband_n have_v the_o one_o half_a of_o those_o land_n and_o tenement_n whereof_o she_o die_v seize_v so_o long_o as_o he_o hold_v he_o a_o widower_n without_o do_v any_o strip_v or_o waste_v or_o banishment_n whether_o there_o be_v issue_n between_o they_o or_o no._n and_o if_o he_o take_v another_o wife_n let_v he_o lose_v al._n 23_o and_o if_o any_o tenement_n of_o gavelkinde_n do_v escheat_n and_o that_o escheat_n be_v to_o any_o lord_n which_o hold_v by_o fee_n of_o hawberke_n or_o by_o serieancie_n by_o death_n or_o by_o gavelate_v as_o be_v she_o after_o say_v or_o be_v to_o he_o render_v up_o by_o his_o tenant_n which_o before_o hold_v it_o of_o he_o by_o quite_o claim_v thereof_o make_v or_o if_o his_o escheat_n be_v by_o gavelate_n as_o be_v hereafter_o say_v let_v this_o land_n remain_v to_o you_o â—_o heir_n unpartable_a and_o this_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v where_o the_o tenant_n so_o rendringe_v do_v retain_v no_o service_n to_o himself_o but_o save_v nevertheless_o to_o the_o other_o lord_n their_o fee_n ferme_n and_o the_o rent_n wherewith_o the_o aforesaid_a tenemente_n of_o gavelkind_n so_o render_v be_v before_o charge_v by_o he_o or_o they_o which_o may_v charge_v they_o to_o hold_v by_o fee_n of_o hawberke_n or_o by_o serieancie_n if_o it_o be_v grand_a serieancie_n be_v to_o hold_v by_o knight_n seruyce_n heahbeony_n in_o saxon_a be_v a_o high_a defence_n and_o the_o custom_n of_o normandy_n call_v y_fw-fr â—_o fiefe_n or_o fee_n de_fw-fr haubert_n which_o owe_v to_o defend_v the_o land_n by_o full_a arm_n y_z t_z be_v by_o horse_n haubert_n target_n sword_n or_o helm_n and_o it_o consist_v of_o 300._o acre_n of_o land_n which_o be_v you_o â—_o same_o as_o some_o think_v that_o we_o call_v a_o whole_a knight_n fee_n 24_o and_o they_o claim_v also_o that_o if_o any_o tenant_n in_o gavelkinde_n wythholde_v his_o rent_n and_o his_o service_n of_o the_o tenement_n which_o he_o hold_v of_o his_o lord_n let_v the_o lord_n seek_v by_o the_o award_n of_o his_o court_n from_o iij._o weke_n to_o three_o week_n to_o find_v some_o distress_n upon_o that_o tenement_n until_o the_o iiij_o court_v always_o with_o witness_n and_o if_o join_a tin_n that_o time_n he_o can_v find_v no_o distress_n in_o you_o â—_o tenement_n whereby_o he_o may_v have_v justice_n of_o his_o tenant_n they_o at_o y_fw-fr â—_o iiij_o court_n let_v it_o be_v award_v that_o he_o shall_v take_v that_o tenement_n into_o his_o hand_n in_o the_o name_n of_o a_o distress_n as_o if_o it_o be_v a_o ox_n or_o acowe_n and_o let_v he_o keep_v it_o a_o year_n &_o a_o day_n in_o his_o hand_n without_o manuringe_v it_o within_o which_o term_n if_o the_o tenant_n come_v and_o pay_v his_o arrearage_n and_o make_v reasonable_a amends_n for_o the_o withholdinge_v then_o let_v he_o have_v and_o enjoy_v his_o tenement_n as_o his_o ancestor_n &_o he_o before_o hold_v it_o and_o if_o he_o do_v not_o come_v before_o y_fw-fr â—_o year_n &_o you_o e_o day_n past_a they_o let_v y_fw-fr â—_o lord_n go_z to_z y_z e_z next_z county_z court_z w_z t_z the_o witness_n of_o his_o own_o court_n and_o pronounce_v there_o this_o process_n to_o have_v further_a witness_n and_o by_o the_o award_n of_o his_o court_n after_z y_z â—_o county_n court_v hold_v he_o shall_v enter_v &_o manure_v in_o those_o land_n and_o tenemente_n as_o in_o his_o own_o demean_n and_o if_o the_o tenant_n come_v afterward_o and_o will_v rehave_v his_o tenement_n and_o hold_v they_o as_o he_o do_v before_o let_v he_o make_v agreement_n w_o t_o y_fw-fr e_o lord_n according_a as_o it_o be_v ancient_o say_v have_v he_o not_o since_o any_o thing_n give_v nor_o have_v le_fw-mi not_o since_o any_o thing_n pay_v then_o let_v he_o pay_v five_o pound_n for_o he_o be_v before_o he_o become_v tenant_n or_o holder_n again_o some_o copy_n have_v the_o first_o verse_n thus_o let_v he_o ix_o time_n pay_v &_o ix_o time_n repaye_v this_o custme_n be_v touch_v by_o the_o way_n by_o master_n frowike_n 21._o h._n 7._o 15._o &_o by_o he_o thought_n to_o be_v good_a but_o whether_o it_o be_v at_o this_o day_n put_v in_o ure_n inquire_v further_o 25_o also_o they_o claim_v that_o no_o man_n ought_v to_o make_v a_o oath_n upon_o a_o book_n neither_o by_o dystresse_n nor_o by_o the_o power_n of_o the_o lord_n nor_o his_o bailife_n against_o his_o will_n which_o tout_fw-fr y_fw-fr â—_o write_v of_o the_o king_n unless_o it_o be_v for_o fealty_n to_o be_v do_v to_o his_o lord_n but_o only_a before_o the_o coroner_n or_o such_o other_o minister_n of_o the_o king_n y_o it_o have_v royal_a power_n to_o inquire_v of_o trespass_n commit_v against_o y_fw-es â—_o crown_n of_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n 26_o and_o they_o claim_v y_fw-es â—_o every_o kentishman_n may_v essoine_v a_o other_o either_o in_o you_o â—_o king_n court_n or_o in_o the_o county_n or_o in_o
y_fw-fr â—_o hundred_o or_o in_o the_o court_n of_o his_o lord_n where_o essoine_n lie_v and_o that_o aswell_o in_o case_n of_o common_a suit_n as_o of_o plea._n moreover_o they_o claim_v by_o a_o especial_a deed_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o father_n of_o king_n edward_n that_o of_o the_o tenement_n which_o be_v hold_v in_o gavelkinde_n there_o shall_v no_o battle_n be_v join_v nor_o grand_a assize_n take_v by_o twelve_o knight_n as_o it_o be_v use_v in_o other_o place_n of_o y_fw-fr e_o realm_n y_o it_o be_v to_o wit_n where_o the_o tenant_n &_o demaundant_a hold_n by_o gavelkind_n but_o in_o place_n of_o these_o grand_a assize_n let_v jury_n be_v take_v by_o twelve_o man_n be_v tenant_n in_o gavelkind_n so_o y_o â—_o four_o tenant_n of_o gavelkind_n choose_v twelve_o tenant_n of_o gavelkynd_n to_o be_v juror_n and_o y_fw-fr t_o charter_n of_o the_o king_n of_o this_o especialty_n be_v in_o the_o custody_n of_o sir_n john_n of_o norwood_n the_o day_n of_o s._n elphey_n in_o caunterbury_n the_o year_n of_o king_n edward_n y_fw-fr e_o son_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o xxi_o these_o be_v the_o usage_n of_o gavelkind_n and_o of_o gavelkindman_n in_o kent_n which_o be_v béefore_o the_o conquest_n and_o the_o conquest_n and_o ever_o since_o till_o now_o the_o end_n of_o the_o custom_n have_v thus_o end_v y_o e_o custone_n as_o you_o see_v brother_n nicholas_n there_o remain_v now_o to_o be_v show_v what_o land_n with_o tin_n this_o country_n of_o kent_n be_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o gavelkind_n and_o what_o not_o first_o therefore_o it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v y_z t_z all_z y_z â—_o land_n w_o tin_n this_o shire_n which_o be_v of_o ancient_a socage_n tenure_n as_o be_v say_v at_o the_o béegynning_a be_v also_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o gavelkind_n and_o y_o â—_o land_n hold_v by_o ancient_a tenure_n of_o knight_n service_n be_v at_o the_o common_a law_n &_o be_v not_o departible_a after_o the_o order_n of_o this_o custom_n except_o certain_a which_o be_v hold_v of_o old_a time_n by_o knights_n service_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o caunterbury_n be_v never_o the_o less_o departible_a as_o it_o may_v appear_v by_o y_z e_z book_n 26._o h._n 8._o 4._o and_o that_o grow_v by_o reason_n of_o a_o grant_v make_v by_o king_n john_n to_z hubert_z the_z archbishop_z there_o the_o tenor_n of_o which_o be_v as_o follow_v john_n by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n king_n of_o england_n â–ª_o lord_n of_o ireland_n duke_n of_o normandye_n of_o aquitane_n and_o earl_n of_o angieu_n to_o all_o archishop_n bishop_n abbot_n earl_n baron_n justice_n sheriff_n governor_n and_o officer_n and_o all_o bailifes_n and_o his_o faithful_a subject_n greet_v know_v you_o y_o it_o we_o have_v grant_v and_o by_o this_o our_o present_a charter_n have_v confirm_v to_o our_o reverend_a and_o dear_o belove_a father_n hubert_n archbishop_n of_o caunterbury_n and_o his_o successor_n for_o ever_o that_o it_o shall_v be_v lawful_a for_o they_o to_o convert_v those_o land_n which_o man_n of_o the_o fee_n of_o the_o church_n of_o caunterbury_n do_v hold_v in_o gavelkind_n in_o to_o knight_n fee._n and_o y_fw-fr t_o y_fw-fr e_o same_o bishop_n &_o their_o successor_n have_v the_o like_a power_n and_o liberty_n for_o ever_o over_o those_o man_n and_o their_o heir_n that_o shall_v hold_v those_o land_n so_o â—â—uerted_v into_o knight_n see_v which_o the_o archbishop_n have_v &_o his_o successor_n after_o he_o shall_v have_v over_o other_o knight_n of_o y_fw-fr e_o see_v of_o the_o church_n of_o caunterbury_n &_o their_o heir_n and_o that_o those_o man_n and_o their_o heir_n have_v the_o same_o &_o all_o such_o liberty_n for_o ever_o which_o other_o knight_n of_o the_o see_v of_o the_o church_n of_o caunterbury_n and_o their_o heir_n have_v provide_v always_o y_o it_o nevertheless_o their_o accustom_a rent_n of_o penny_n be_v holy_a pay_v out_o of_o their_o land_n as_o before_o time_n their_o gift_n average_n and_o other_o service_n which_o issue_v out_o of_o the_o same_o land_n be_v convert_v into_o a_o rent_n of_o penny_n of_o like_a value_n and_o y_o â—_o y_fw-es â—_o same_o rend_v be_v pay_v as_o you_o â—_o other_o rend_v of_o penny_n be_v wherefore_o we_o will_v &_o straight_o command_v y_fw-es â—_o whatsoever_o the_o aforenamed_a archbishop_n and_o his_o successor_n after_o he_o shall_v do_v concern_v those_o land_n which_o be_v to_o be_v convert_v into_o knight_n fee_n accord_v to_o the_o form_n &_o manner_n above_o write_v abide_v ratify_v and_o confirm_v for_o ever_o forbiddinge_a any_o person_n to_o presume_v against_o the_o deed_n of_o the_o archbishop_n or_o his_o successor_n in_o this_o behalf_n witness_v e._n bishop_n of_o ely_n &_o s._n of_o bath_n g._n y_fw-fr â—_o son_n of_o peter_n earl_n of_o essex_n william_n martial_n earl_n of_o pembroke_n ro._n of_o harecourt_n garine_n y_fw-fr â—_o son_n of_o gerald_n peter_n of_o stoke_n ric._n of_o revers_n rob._n of_o tateshal_n yeven_v by_o y_fw-fr â—_o hand_n of_o s._n archdeacon_n unto_o william_n at_o rupem_fw-la aurival_n y_fw-fr â—_o 4._o day_n of_o may_n the_o three_o year_n of_o our_o reign_n but_o for_o asmuch_o as_o it_o be_v disputable_a whether_o this_o charter_n of_o king_n john_n be_v of_o sufficient_a virtue_n to_o change_v y_z e_o nature_n of_o gavelkind_a land_n or_o no_o and_o for_o that_o the_o certainty_n of_o the_o land_n so_o convert_v into_o knight_n fee_n do_v not_o any_o where_n appear_v save_o only_o that_o in_o the_o book_n of_o aid_n levy_v in_o this_o shire_n anno_fw-la 20._o e._n 3._o it_o be_v four_o or_o five_o time_n note_v that_o certain_a land_n in_o kent_n be_v hold_v in_o knight_n service_n by_o the_o new_a licence_n grant_v to_o the_o archbishop_n this_o shall_v suffice_v for_o that_o and_o it_o shall_v follow_v to_o be_v prove_v that_o all_o the_o land_n of_o ancient_a tenure_n in_o knight_n service_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o ordinary_a course_n of_o descent_n at_o the_o common_a law_n and_o that_o may_v sufficient_o be_v do_v both_o by_o the_o express_a word_n of_o a_o note_n in_o 9_o h._n 3._o abridge_v by_o master_n brooke_n ti_fw-mi custom_n 57_o and_o in_o master_n fitzherb_n ti_fw-mi prescription_n 63._o and_o by_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o justice_n 26._o h._n 8._o 4._o as_o also_o by_o pleyne_v recital_n in_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n make_v 31._o h._n 8._o ca._n 3._o by_o which_o statute_n the_o possession_n of_o certain_a gentleman_n there_o be_v deliver_v from_o this_o customary_a descent_n and_o incorporate_v to_o the_o common_a law_n for_o amongst_o other_o thing_n in_o that_o act_n it_o be_v say_v that_o from_o thence_o forth_o such_o their_o land_n shall_v be_v change_v from_o the_o say_v custom_n and_o shall_v descend_v as_o land_n at_o the_o common_a law_n &_o as_o other_o land_n be_v in_o the_o say_a county_n of_o kent_n which_o never_o be_v hold_v by_o service_n of_o socage_n but_o always_o have_v be_v hold_v by_o knight_n service_n do_v descend_v by_o which_o word_n it_o be_v very_o evident_a that_o you_o â—_o maker_n of_o that_o estatute_n understand_v all_o land_n hold_v by_o knight_n service_n to_o be_v of_o their_o proper_a nature_n discendable_a after_o you_o â—_o common_a law_n &_o that_o socage_n tenure_n be_v the_o only_a subject_n in_o which_o this_o our_o custom_n of_o gavelkinde_a descent_n prevail_v &_o hold_v place_n but_o when_o mention_v be_v here_o make_v of_o socage_n &_o knight_n fee_n it_o must_v always_o be_v understand_v a_o tenure_n long_o since_o and_o of_o ancient_a time_n continue_v and_o not_o now_o new_o or_o late_o create_v for_o so_o it_o may_v fall_v out_o otherwise_o then_o be_v already_o report_v as_o for_o example_n if_o land_n auncientlye_o hold_v by_o knight_n service_n come_v to_o y_fw-fr â—_o queen_n hand_n who_o afterward_o give_v y_o e_o same_o out_o again_o to_o a_o conon_n person_n to_o be_v hold_v of_o her_o manor_n of_o east_n grene_n within_o socage_n this_o land_n not_o with_o stand_a the_o alteration_n of_o y_fw-es â—_o tenure_n remain_v disâ—â—dable_a to_o you_o â—_o elder_a son_n only_o as_o it_o be_v before_o as_o also_o in_o like_a sort_n if_o land_n of_o ancient_a socage_n seruite_fw-la come_v to_o y_fw-fr e_o crown_n and_o be_v deliver_v out_o again_o to_o be_v hold_v either_o of_o the_o queen_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o by_o knight_n service_n of_o any_o manor_n it_o ought_v to_o descend_v according_a to_o you_o â—_o custde_v not_o with_o tstanding_n y_fw-mi t_o y_fw-fr e_o tenure_n be_v alter_v &_o if_o this_o be_v true_a in_o the_o grant_n of_o y_fw-fr e_o queen_n herself_o then_o much_o less_o may_v the_o archbishope_n by_o a_o new_a creation_n of_o tenure_n make_v to_o his_o tenant_n any_o alteration_n of_o this_o old_a custom_n &_o manner_n for_o as_o the_o
pleadinge_n be_v that_o the_o land_n aforesay_v be_v of_o the_o tenure_n and_o nature_n of_o gavelkind_n even_o so_o the_o truith_n be_v that_o the_o present_a tenure_n only_o guide_v not_o the_o dyscent_n but_o that_o the_o tenure_n and_o the_o nature_n together_o do_v govern_v it_o and_o therefore_o as_o on_o the_o one_o side_n the_o custom_n can_v attach_v or_o take_v hold_v of_o that_o which_o be_v not_o béefore_o in_o nature_n subject_a to_o the_o custom_n that_o be_v to_o say_v accustomable_o depart_v so_o on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o practice_n of_o the_o custom_n long_o time_n continue_v may_v not_o be_v interrupt_v by_o a_o bare_a alteration_n of_o the_o tenure_n as_o it_o be_v hold_v by_o the_o justice_n and_o 4._o et_fw-la 5._o phi_n et_fw-fr mary_n as_o judge_n dalison_n have_v leave_v report_v and_o also_o as_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o book_n 26._o h._n 8._o 4._o where_o it_o be_v say_v that_o if_o a_o man_n seize_v of_o gavelkinde_a land_n hold_v in_o socage_n make_v a_o gift_n in_o tail_n and_o create_v a_o tenure_n in_o knight_n service_n that_o yet_o this_o land_n must_v descend_v after_o the_o custom_n it_o do_v before_o the_o change_n of_o the_o tenure_n moreover_o as_o you_o â—_o change_v of_o the_o tenure_n can_v prenaile_n against_o this_o custom_n so_o neither_o the_o continuance_n of_o a_o contrary_a usage_n may_v alter_v this_o prescription_n for_o it_o be_v hold_v 16._o e._n 3._o in_o fitz._n ti_o prescription_n 52._o that_n albeit_o the_o elder_a son_n only_o have_v and_o that_o for_o many_o descent_n together_o enter_v into_o gavelkind_a land_n and_o occupy_v it_o w_o tout_fw-fr any_o contradiction_n of_o the_o young_a brother_n that_o yet_o the_o land_n remain_v partible_a between_o they_o when_o soever_o they_o will_v put_v to_o their_o claim_n against_o which_o assertion_n y_fw-fr â—_o which_o be_v say_v 10._o h._n 3._o in_o fitzh_n titulo_fw-la prescription_n 64._o namely_o of_o the_o issue_n take_v thus_o whether_o the_o land_n be_v part_v or_o no_o be_v not_o great_o forceable_a for_o all_o though_o it_o be_v foe_n that_o the_o land_n be_v never_o part_v in_o deed_n yet_o if_o it_o remain_v partible_a in_o nature_n it_o may_v be_v part_v whensover_o occasion_n shall_v be_v minister_v and_o therefore_o even_o in_o the_o form_n of_o pleadinge_n use_v at_o this_o day_n that_o the_o land_n always_o &c._n &c._n be_v partible_a and_o part_v it_o be_v playnelie_o take_v that_o the_o word_n partible_a only_o be_v of_o substance_n and_o that_o the_o word_n part_v be_v but_o a_o word_n of_o form_n and_o not_o material_a or_o traversable_a at_o all_o yea_o so_o inseparable_a be_v this_o custom_n from_o the_o land_n in_o which_o it_o obtain_v that_o a_o contrary_a dyscent_n continue_v in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o crown_n itself_o can_v hinder_v but_o that_o after_o such_o time_n as_o the_o land_n shall_v resort_v again_o to_o a_o common_a personne_fw-fr the_o fourmer_n old_a custom_n shall_v govern_v it_o as_o if_o land_n of_o gavelkind_a nature_n come_v to_o the_o queen_n hand_n by_o purchase_n or_o by_o eschete_n as_o hold_v of_o her_o manor_n of_o dale_n now_o after_o her_o death_n all_o her_o son_n shall_v inherit_v and_o divide_v they_o but_o if_o they_o come_v to_o she_o by_o forfeiture_n in_o treason_n or_o by_o gift_n in_o parliament_n so_o y_fw-es â—_o she_o grace_n be_v seize_v of_o they_o in_o right_a of_o the_o crown_n than_o her_o elder_a son_n only_o which_o shalbée_a king_n after_o she_o shall_v enjoy_v they_o in_o which_o case_n although_o those_o land_n which_o the_o elder_a son_n be_v king_n do_v possess_v do_v come_v to_o his_o elder_a son_n after_o he_o be_v king_n also_o and_o so_o from_o one_o to_o a_o other_o by_o sundry_a discentes_fw-la yet_o the_o opinion_n of_o sir_n anthonye_n browne_n be_v 7._o elizabeth_n that_o if_o at_o any_o time_n after_o the_o same_o land_n be_v grannt_v to_o a_o common_a person_n they_o shall_v revolt_v to_o their_o former_a nature_n of_o gavelkind_a and_o be_v partible_a among_o his_o heir_n male_n notwithstanding_o that_o they_o have_v run_v a_o contrary_a course_n in_o dyvers_a the_o discentes_fw-la of_o the_o king_n before_o but_o much_o less_o may_v the_o unity_n of_o possession_n in_o the_o lord_n frustrate_v the_o custom_n of_o gavelkind_a descent_n as_o it_o may_v appear_v 14._o h._n 4._o in_o you_o â—_o long_o recordare_fw-la abridge_v by_o master_n brooke_n tit_n auowry_n 46._o and_o do_fw-mi custom_n 19_o now_o follow_v to_o be_v speak_v how_o far_o this_o custom_n extend_v itself_o within_o this_o our_o country_n of_o kent_n etc._n etc._n it_o be_v common_o take_v that_o the_o custom_n of_o gavelkind_n be_v general_a and_o spread_v itself_o throughout_o the_o whole_a shire_n into_o all_o land_n subject_a by_o ancient_a tenure_n unto_o the_o same_o such_o place_n only_o except_v where_o it_o be_v alter_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o therefore_o in_o 5._o e._n 4._o 18._o and_o 14._o h_o 4._o 8._o it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o custom_n of_o gavelkind_n be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o common_a law_n in_o kent_n and_o the_o book_n 22._o e._n 4._o 19_o affirm_v that_o in_o demand_v gavelkind_a land_n a_o man_n shall_v not_o need_v to_o prescribe_v in_o certain_a and_o to_o show_v that_o the_o town_n borough_n or_o city_n where_o the_o land_n be_v be_v a_o ancient_a town_n borough_n or_o city_n and_o that_o the_o custom_n have_v be_v there_o time_n out_o of_o mind_n that_o the_o land_n within_o the_o same_o town_n borough_n or_o city_n shall_v descend_v to_o all_o the_o heir_n male_n &c._n &c._n but_o that_o be_v sufficyentlye_o enough_o to_o show_v the_o custom_n at_o large_a and_o to_o say_v that_o the_o land_n lie_v in_o kent_n and_o that_o all_o the_o land_n there_o be_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o gavelkynd_n for_o a_o writ_n of_o partition_n of_o land_n in_o gavelkind_n say_v m._n littleton_n shall_v be_v as_o general_n as_o if_o the_o land_n be_v at_o the_o common_a law_n although_o the_o declaratyon_n ought_v specyal_o to_o contain_v mention_v of_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o country_n this_o unyversalytie_n considere_v and_o also_o the_o straight_o bond_n whereby_o the_o custom_n be_v so_o inseparable_o knit_v to_o the_o land_n as_o in_o manner_n nothing_o but_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n can_v clere_o dissever_v they_o it_o follow_v that_o no_o place_n city_n town_n or_o borough_n within_o this_o shire_n can_v be_v exempt_a from_o this_o custom_n although_o the_o same_o have_v not_o at_o any_o time_n be_v there_o put_v in_o ure_n no_o more_o than_o the_o elder_a son_n in_o the_o case_n before_o may_v for_o the_o like_a reason_n prescribe_v against_o his_o young_a brother_n etc._n etc._n thus_o much_o be_v speak_v touching_n the_o name_n tenure_n nature_n generalty_n and_o order_n of_o gavelkind_a it_o shall_v now_o be_v show_v of_o what_o quality_n the_o rent_n remaynder_n actyon_n and_o such_o other_o thing_n of_o the_o which_o some_o bâ—e_n issue_v out_o of_o these_o land_n some_o be_v annex_v unto_o they_o and_o some_o be_v raise_v by_o reason_n of_o they_o shalbée_v and_o of_o they_o some_o shall_v ensue_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o land_n and_o other_o some_o shall_v keep_v y_fw-mi â—_o same_o course_n that_o common_a law_n have_v appoint_v and_o therefore_o if_o a_o rent_n be_v grant_v in_o fee_n out_o of_o gavelkind_a land_n it_o shall_v descend_v to_o all_o the_o male_n as_o the_o land_n itself_o shall_v do_v as_o appear_v in_o 14._o h._n 8._o 5._o 26._o h._n 8._o 4._o &_o 4._o e._n 3._o but_o if_o two_o jointenante_n of_o land_n in_o gavelkind_n grant_v a_o rend_a charge_n out_o of_o that_o land_n to_o i._o s._n &_o to_o his_o heir_n and_o i._o s._n die_v have_v issue_n two_o son_n this_o rent_n shall_v not_o descend_v to_o both_o y_fw-es â—_o son_n of_o i._o s._n but_o to_o the_o heir_n at_o the_o common_a law_n because_o that_o the_o custom_n be_v in_o suspense_n during_o the_o jointure_n by_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o right_n worshipful_a christopher_n yeluerton_n esquire_n at_o his_o read_v in_o gray_n inn_n in_o lent_n an._n 1573._o so_o if_o a_o tenauncy_n be_v of_o gavelkind_a nature_n yet_o the_o rend_a seruyce_n by_o which_o it_o be_v hold_v may_v descend_v according_a to_o the_o common_a law_n as_o ald_n '_o &_o chart_n '_o in_o 7._o e._n 3._o be_v of_o opinion_n if_o a_o remainder_n of_o gavelkind_a land_n be_v tayled_a to_o the_o heir_n male_n they_o altogether_o shall_v inherit_v as_o fitzherbert_n &_o norwich_n think_v 26._o h._n 8._o 4._o but_o that_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o a_o descent_n only_o for_o if_o land_n of_o gavelkind_a nature_n be_v leassed_a for_o life_n the_o remaynder_n to_o the_o right_a heir_n of_o john_n style_n which_o have_v issue_n
the_o name_n &_o offyce_v be_v not_o altogether_o forget_v and_o be_v in_o effect_n that_o which_o now_o every_o bailife_n of_o a_o manor_n practise_v although_o the_o name_n of_o bailise_n be_v not_o then_o in_o ure_n among_o we_o be_v since_o bring_v in_o by_o the_o norman_n but_o the_o name_n of_o réeve_v ancient_o call_v gereve_v which_o particle_n ge_z in_o continuance_n of_o time_n be_v altogether_o leave_v out_o and_o lose_v come_v from_o the_o saxon_a word_n gerefa_n which_o signify_v a_o ruler_n and_o so_o in_o deed_n his_o rule_n and_o authority_n be_v large_a within_o the_o compass_n of_o his_o lord_n manor_n and_o among_o his_o man_n and_o tenaunte_n as_o well_o in_o matter_n of_o government_n in_o peace_n and_o war_n as_o in_o the_o skylfull_a use_n and_o trade_n of_o husbandry_n for_o as_o he_o do_v gather_v his_o lord_n rent_n pay_v reprise_n or_o duty_n issue_n out_o of_o the_o manner_n set_v the_o servant_n to_o work_v fall_v &_o cut_v down_o tree_n to_o repair_v the_o building_n and_o enclosure_n with_o diverse_a such_o like_a for_o his_o lord_n commoditity_n so_o also_o he_o have_v authority_n to_o govern_v and_o keep_v the_o tenant_n in_o peace_n and_o if_o need_v require_v to_o lead_v they_o forth_o in_o war_n reversion_n reversion_n of_o land_n be_v a_o certain_a estate_n remain_v in_o the_o lessour_n or_o donour_n after_o the_o particular_a estate_n and_o possession_n convey_v to_o a_o other_o and_o it_o be_v call_v a_o reversion_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o possession_n separate_v from_o it_o so_o that_o he_o that_o have_v y_fw-fr â—_o one_o have_v not_o the_o other_o at_o the_o same_o time_n for_o béeinge_v in_o one_o body_n together_o there_o can_v be_v say_v a_o reversion_n because_o by_o the_o unitinge_n the_o one_o of_o they_o be_v drown_v in_o the_o other_o and_o so_o the_o reversion_n of_o land_n be_v the_o land_n itself_o when_o it_o fall_v riot_n riot_n be_v where_o 3_o at_o the_o least_o or_o more_o do_v some_o unlawful_a act_n as_o to_o beat_v a_o man_n enter_v upon_o the_o possess_n of_o a_o other_o or_o such_o like_a robbery_n robbery_n be_v when_o a_o man_n take_v any_o thing_n from_o the_o parson_n of_o a_o other_o feloniouse_o although_o the_o thing_n so_o take_v be_v not_o to_o the_o value_n but_o of_o a_o penny_n yet_o it_o be_v felony_n for_o which_o the_o offendor_n shall_v suffer_v death_n rout._n rout_n be_v when_o people_n do_v assemble_v themselves_o together_o and_o after_o do_v proceed_v or_o ride_v or_o go_v forth_o or_o do_v move_v by_o the_o instigation_n of_o one_o or_o more_o who_o be_v their_o leader_n this_o be_v call_v a_o rout_n because_o they_o do_v move_v and_o proceed_v in_o rout_n and_o number_n also_o where_o many_o assemble_v themselves_o together_o upon_o their_o own_o quarrel_n and_o brawl_n as_o if_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o a_o town_n will_v gather_v themselves_o together_o to_o break_v hedge_n wale_n ditch_n pale_n or_o such_o like_a to_o have_v common_a there_o or_o to_o beat_v a_o other_o that_o have_v do_v to_o they_o a_o common_a displeasure_n or_o such_o like_a that_o be_v a_o rout_n and_o against_o the_o law_n although_o they_o have_v not_o do_v or_o put_v in_o executyon_n their_o mischevous_a intent_n sake_n sak_n this_o be_v plea_n and_o correction_n of_o trespass_n of_o man_n in_o your_o court_n because_o sak_n in_o english_n be_v acheâ—on_n in_o french_a and_o sak_n be_v put_v for_o sik_n as_o to_o say_v for_o sik_n sak_v also_o for_o what_o hurt_n and_o sak_n be_v put_v for_o forfeit_n scot._n scot_n that_o be_v to_o be_v quite_o of_o a_o certain_a custom_n as_o of_o common_a tallage_n make_v to_o the_o use_n of_o y_fw-es â—_o sheriff_n or_o his_o bailifes_n show_n show_v that_o be_v to_o be_v quit_v with_o attachment_n in_o any_o court_n and_o before_o whosoever_o in_o plaint_n show_v &_o not_o avow_a sok_n sok_n this_o be_v suit_n of_o man_n in_o your_o court_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o y_fw-es â—_o realm_n sokmans_fw-mi sokmans_fw-mi be_v the_o tenant_n in_o ancient_a demesne_fw-la that_o hold_v their_o land_n by_o socage_n that_o be_v by_o service_n with_o you_o â—_o plough_v and_o therefore_o they_o be_v call_v sokmans_n which_o be_v as_o much_o to_o say_v as_o tenant_n or_o man_n that_o hold_v by_o service_n of_o the_o plough_n or_o plowman_n for_o sok_n signify_v a_o plough_n and_o these_o sokmans_fw-mi or_o tenant_n in_o ancient_a demesne_fw-la have_v many_o and_o diverse_a liberty_n give_v and_o grant_v to_o they_o by_o the_o law_n as_o well_o these_o tenant_n that_o hold_v of_o a_o common_a person_n in_o ancient_a demesne_fw-la as_o those_o that_o hold_v of_o the_o queen_n in_o ancient_a demesue_n as_o namely_o to_o be_v free_a from_o payinge_v tolle_fw-la in_o every_o market_n fair_a town_n and_o city_n throughout_o the_o whole_a realm_n as_o well_o for_o their_o good_n and_o cattle_n that_o they_o sell_v to_o other_o as_o for_o those_o thing_n that_o they_o buy_v for_o their_o provision_n of_o other_o and_o thereupon_o every_o of_o they_o may_v sue_v to_o have_v letter_n patente_n under_o y_o e_o queen_n seal_v direct_v to_o her_o officer_n &_o to_o y_z e_z maire_n bailifes_n &_o other_o officer_n in_o the_o realm_n to_o suffer_v they_o to_o be_v tolle_fw-la free_a also_o to_o be_v quit_v of_o pontage_n murage_n and_o passage_n as_o also_o of_o tax_n and_o tallage_n grant_v by_o parlyament_n except_o that_o the_o queen_n tax_v auncien_fw-fr demesne_fw-la as_o she_o may_v at_o her_o pleasure_n for_o some_o great_a cause_n also_o to_o be_v free_a from_o payment_n towards_o the_o expense_n â–ª_o of_o the_o knight_n of_o the_o shire_n y_fw-fr t_o come_v to_o the_o parliament_n and_o if_o the_o sheriff_n will_v distreine_v they_o or_o any_o of_o they_o to_o be_v contributory_a for_o their_o land_n in_o ancient_a demesne_fw-la than_o one_o of_o they_o or_o all_o as_o the_o case_n require_v may_v sue_v a_o writ_n direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n command_v he_o that_o he_o do_v not_o compel_v they_o to_o be_v contrybutories_n to_o the_o expense_n of_o the_o knight_n and_o the_o same_o write_v do_v command_v he_o alsoe_o that_o if_o he_o have_v already_o dystrayn_v they_o therefore_o that_o he_o redelyver_v the_o same_o distress_n alsoe_o that_o they_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v impanel_v nor_o put_v in_o jury_n and_o enqueste_n in_o the_o country_n out_o of_o their_o manner_n or_o lordship_n of_o auncyen_fw-mi demesne_fw-la for_o the_o land_n that_o they_o hold_v there_o except_o that_o they_o have_v other_o land_n at_o the_o common_a law_n for_o which_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v charge_v and_o if_o the_o sheriff_n do_v return_v they_o in_o panelle_n than_o they_o may_v have_v a_o writ_n against_o he_o de_fw-fr non_fw-fr ponen_fw-mi this_fw-mi in_o assisis_fw-la et_fw-la iuratis_fw-la and_o if_o he_o do_v to_o the_o contrary_n then_o lie_v a_o attachment_n upon_o y_o t_o against_o he_o and_o so_o it_o be_v also_o if_o the_o bailiff_n of_o fraunchise_n that_o have_v return_v of_o writ_n will_v return_v any_o of_o the_o tenaunte_n which_o hold_v in_o ancient_a demesne_fw-la in_o assize_n or_o iure_v and_o also_o to_o be_v exempt_a from_o leete_n and_o the_o sheriff_n turn_v with_o dyvers_a other_o such_o like_a liberty_n spoliation_n spoliation_n be_v a_o suit_n for_o the_o fruit_n of_o a_o church_n or_o for_o the_o church_n itself_o and_o be_v to_o be_v sue_v in_o the_o spyrytuall_a court_n and_o not_o in_o our_o court_n and_o this_o suyt_n lie_v for_o one_o incumbent_n against_o a_o other_o incumbent_n where_o they_o both_o claim_v by_o one_o patron_n and_o where_o the_o right_a of_o the_o patronage_n do_v not_o come_v in_o question_n or_o debate_n as_o if_o a_o parsonne_n be_v create_v a_o bishop_n and_o have_v dispensation_n to_o keep_v his_o be_v nefice_n still_o and_o afterward_o the_o patron_n present_v a_o other_o incumbent_n which_o be_v institute_v &_o induct_v now_o you_o e_o bishop_n may_v have_v against_o that_o incumbent_n a_o spoliation_n in_o the_o spiritual_a court_n because_o they_o claim_v both_o by_o one_o patron_n and_o the_o right_a of_o the_o patronage_n do_v not_o come_v in_o debate_n and_o because_o that_o the_o other_o incumbent_n come_v to_o the_o possession_n of_o y_fw-fr e_o benefice_n by_o the_o couse_n of_o the_o spiritual_a law_n that_o be_v to_o say_v by_o institutyon_n and_o induction_n so_o that_o he_o have_v colour_n to_o have_v it_o and_o to_o be_v person_n by_o the_o spiritual_a law_n for_o otherwise_o if_o he_o be_v not_o institute_v and_o induct_v etc._n etc._n spoliatyon_n lie_v not_o against_o he_o but_o rather_o a_o writ_n of_o trespass_n or_o a_o assize_n of_o novel_a disseisin_n etc._n etc._n so_o it_o be_v alsoe_o where_o a_o person_n do_v accept_v a_o other_o benefice_n by_o
have_v the_o ward_n of_o y_fw-es â—_o land_n y_fw-es â—_o be_v hold_v of_o he_o but_o if_o the_o tenant_n hold_v of_o the_o queen_n in_o chief_a than_o she_o by_o her_o prerogative_n shall_v have_v the_o ward_n of_o the_o body_n and_o of_o all_o the_o land_n y_fw-fr â—_o be_v hold_v of_o she_o and_o of_o every_o other_o lord_n warden_n warden_n most_o proper_o be_v he_o that_o have_v y_fw-mi e_z ward_n ship_n or_o kéepinge_v of_o a_o heir_n and_o of_o land_n hold_v by_o knight_n service_n or_o of_o one_o of_o they_o to_o his_o own_o use_n during_o the_o nonage_n of_o the_o heir_n and_o within_o that_o time_n have_v the_o bestow_v of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o heir_n in_o marriage_n at_o his_o pleasure_n which_o tout_fw-fr disperagment_n and_o of_o warden_n there_o be_v ij_o sort_n namely_o garden_n in_o right_n &_o garden_n in_o deed_n garden_n in_o right_n be_v he_o that_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o sâ—ry_n be_v seize_v of_o the_o wardship_n or_o keepinge_v of_o the_o land_n and_o of_o the_o heir_n during_o the_o nonage_n of_o the_o heir_n garden_n in_o deed_n be_v where_o the_o lord_n after_o his_o seisin_n as_o aforesaid_a grant_v by_o deed_n or_o without_o deed_n the_o wardship_n of_o the_o land_n or_o of_o the_o heir_n or_o of_o both_o to_o a_o other_o by_o force_n of_o which_o grannt_n the_o grauntée_n be_v in_o possess_v â—â—â—_o be_v y_fw-es e_fw-it grauntée_n call_v garden_n in_o deed_n and_o this_o garden_n in_o deed_n may_v grant_v the_o heir_n to_o a_o other_o also_o bâ—â—_n that_o other_o be_v not_o preperlye_o call_v garden_n in_o deed_n for_o that_o be_v y_fw-fr â—_o grant_v tée_n of_o the_o garden_n in_o right_a only_o and_o here_o you_o may_v see_v brother_n nicholas_n what_o misery_n follow_v that_o tenure_n by_o knight_n seruyce_n if_o the_o tenant_n die_v leave_v his_o heir_n within_o age_n how_o the_o poor_a child_n may_v be_v toss_v and_o tumble_v chap_a and_o change_v buy_v &_o sell_v like_o a_o jade_n in_o smithfild_n &_o y_fw-fr â—_o more_o be_v marry_v to_o who_o it_o please_v his_o garden_n whereof_o ensue_v many_o evels_n w_n arning_n warn_v be_v when_o a_o action_n of_o detynue_v of_o charter_n be_v bring_v against_o one_o and_o the_o defendant_n say_v that_o the_o charter_n be_v delyver_v to_o he_o by_o the_o playntife_n and_o by_o a_o other_o upon_o certain_a condition_n and_o pray_v y_fw-fr â—_o the_o other_o may_v be_v warn_v to_o plede_n with_o the_o pleintife_n whether_o the_o condition_n be_v perform_v or_o no_o and_o thereupon_o a_o write_v of_o scire_fw-la facias_fw-la shall_v go_v forth_o against_o he_o and_o that_o be_v call_v warn_v gavelate_v gauelate_v be_v a_o specyall_a and_o ancient_a kind_n of_o cessavit_fw-la use_v in_o kent_n where_o the_o custom_n of_o gavelkind_n continue_v whereby_o the_o tenant_n shall_v forfeit_v his_o land_n and_o tenemente_n to_o the_o lord_n of_o who_o they_o be_v hold_v if_o he_o withdraw_v from_o his_o lord_n his_o due_a rent_n and_o seruyce_n after_o this_o manner_n as_o follow_v if_o any_o tenant_n in_o gavelkind_n withhold_v his_o rent_n &_o his_o service_n of_o y_o â—_o tenement_n which_o he_o hold_v of_o his_o lord_n let_v the_o lord_n seek_v by_o the_o award_n of_o his_o court_n from_o 3._o weke_n to_o 3._o week_n to_o find_v soon_o distress_n upon_o the_o tenement_n until_o the_o sowerth_n court_n always_o with_o witness_n and_o if_o within_z y_z â—_o time_n he_o can_v find_v no_o distress_n in_o that_o tenement_n whereby_o he_o may_v have_v i_o 〈…〉_o of_o his_o tenant_n then_o be_v y_fw-mi â—_o fowerth_o court_n let_v it_o be_v award_v y_fw-fr â—_o he_o shall_v take_v that_o tenement_n into_o his_o hand_n in_z y_z â—_o name_n of_o a_o distress_n as_o if_o it_o be_v a_o ox_n or_o a_o cow_n and_o let_v he_o keep_v it_o a_o year_n &_o a_o day_n in_o his_o hand_n without_o manure_v it_o which_o tin_n which_o term_n if_o you_o â—_o tenant_n come_v and_o pay_v his_o arrearage_n and_o make_v reasonable_a amends_n for_o you_o â—_o w_o thold_v then_o let_v high_a have_v &_o enjoy_v his_o tenement_n as_o his_o aunce_v we_o and_o he_o before_o hold_v it_o and_o if_o he_o do_v not_o come_v before_o the_o year_n and_o the_o day_n past_a then_o let_v the_o lord_n go_v to_o the_o next_o countye_n court_n with_o the_o witness_n of_o his_o own_o court_n &_o pronounce_v there_o this_o process_n to_o have_v further_a witness_n &_o by_o the_o award_n of_o his_o court_n after_z y_z â—_o countye_o court_v hold_v he_o shall_v enter_v and_o manure_v in_o those_o land_n and_o tenement_n as_o in_o his_o own_o and_o if_o the_o tenant_n come_v after_o ward_n and_o will_v rehave_v his_o tenement_n &_o hold_v they_o as_o he_o do_v before_o let_v he_o make_v agreement_n with_o the_o lord_n according_a as_o it_o be_v ancient_o say_v have_v he_o not_o since_o any_o thing_n give_v nor_o have_v he_o not_o since_o any_o thing_n pay_v then_o let_v he_o pay_v v._o pound_n for_o he_o be_v before_o he_o be_v come_v t'or_n holder_n again_o there_o be_v some_o copy_n y_fw-mi â—_o have_v the_o first_o verse_n thus_o write_v nisith_o yield_v and_o nisith_v gelde_v and_o other_o thus_o nighesith_o yield_v and_o nighesith_v gelde_v but_o these_o differ_v not_o in_o signification_n other_o copy_n have_v it_o after_o this_o sort_n nigondsith_o seld_o and_o nigondsith_v geld_v that_o be_v to_o say_v let_v he_o ix_o time_n pay_v &_o ix_o time_n repaye_v gavelkinde_n gauelkinde_n be_v a_o custom_n annex_v &_o goinge_v with_o land_n in_o kent_n call_v gavelkind_a land_n hold_v by_o ancient_a socage_n tenure_n and_o be_v think_v by_o the_o skilful_a in_o antiquity_n to_o be_v call_v gavelkind_n of_o gyve_v all_o kin_n that_o be_v to_o say_v to_o all_o the_o kindred_n in_o one_o line_n according_a as_o it_o be_v use_v among_o the_o german_n from_o who_o we_o englyshmen_n and_o chief_o of_o kent_n come_v or_o else_o it_o be_v call_v gavelkynd_n of_o gyve_v all_o kind_n that_o be_v to_o say_v to_o all_o the_o male_a child_n for_o kind_n in_o dutch_a signify_v a_o male_a child_n and_o dyvers_a other_o like_a conjecture_n be_v make_v by_o they_o of_o y_z e_z name_n gavelkind_n which_o i_o omit_v of_o purpose_n for_o shortness_n sake_n because_o that_o here_o you_o look_v brother_n nicholas_n as_o you_o desire_v i_o that_o i_o shall_v speak_v some_o what_o large_o concern_v other_o more_o needful_a matter_n for_o your_o purpose_n which_o you_o be_v desirous_a to_o know_v as_o touch_v gavelkind_a land_n both_o because_o you_o be_v bear_v in_o kent_n &_o also_o be_v most_o abide_v there_o and_o therefore_o you_o think_v to_o be_v ignorant_a of_o you_o â—_o manner_n or_o custom_n of_o your_o native_a country_n be_v a_o foul_a shane_n to_o satisfy_v your_o request_n in_o this_o i_o have_v therefore_o set_v you_o here_o down_o the_o ancient_a custom_n of_o kent_n as_o they_o have_v very_o true_o &_o careful_o of_o late_a be_v publish_v with_o some_o case_n upon_o they_o gather_v out_o of_o those_o book_n that_o make_v any_o mencyon_n hereof_o which_o will_v i_o think_v content_v your_o desire_n at_o full_a and_o first_o you_o must_v know_v that_o these_o gavelkind_a custom_n be_v of_o good_a antiquity_n bring_v in_o hither_o by_o y_fw-fr â—_o saxon_n inte_n &_o angle_n german_n from_o who_o we_o englishmen_n descend_v as_o be_v aforesaid_a and_o be_v by_o they_o use_v and_o leave_v here_o and_o so_o continue_v in_o force_n until_o william_n duke_n of_o normandy_n conquer_v all_o england_n kent_z only_a except_v which_o he_o have_v by_o composition_n and_o not_o by_o conquest_n and_o in_o this_o composition_n the_o valiant_a kentishman_n obtain_v a_o grant_n of_o the_o continuation_n of_o their_o custom_n of_o gavelkind_a which_o ever_o sin_n they_o have_v use_v in_o the_o same_o country_n and_o thus_o they_o be_v as_o follow_v the_o custom_n of_o kent_n these_o be_v the_o usage_n and_o custom_n the_o which_o the_o communality_n of_o kent_n claim_v to_o have_v in_o the_o tenemente_n of_o gavelkynd_n and_o in_o the_o man_n of_o gavelkynd_n allow_v in_o eire_n béefore_o john_n of_o berwick_n and_o his_o companion_n the_o justice_n in_o eire_n in_o kent_n y_fw-es â—_o 21._o year_n of_o king_n ed._n the_o son_n of_o king_n henry_n that_o be_v to_o say_v y_z â—_o all_o y_fw-es â—_o body_n of_o kentishman_n be_v free_a as_o well_o as_o the_o other_o free_a body_n of_o england_n this_o thing_n have_v be_v since_o confess_v to_o be_v true_a as_o it_o appear_v in_o 30._o e._n i._o in_o fitzh_n titulo_fw-la uillenage_n placiâ—_n 46._o where_o it_o be_v hold_v sufficient_a for_o a_o man_n to_o avoid_v the_o objection_n of_o bondage_n to_o say_v y_z t_z his_o father_n be_v bear_v in_o kent_n but_o whether_o it_o
hâ—th_v a_o â—â—mture_n make_v etc._n etc._n and_o therefore_o demand_v judgement_n of_o that_o action_n or_o iugement_n if_o she_o shall_v be_v also_o endow_v or_o any_o such_o like_a plea_n etc._n etc._n and_o this_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o y_fw-es â—_o right_n worshipful_a master_n brograve_n at_o his_o read_n in_o gray_n june_n in_o summer_n anno_fw-la 1576._o 18._o eliz._n upon_o a_o branch_n of_o the_o stat_fw-la make_v an._n 27._o h._n 8._o c._n 10._o concern_v jointure_n &_o dower_n and_o by_o he_o of_o those_o thing_n whereof_o a_o woman_n may_v be_v endow_v she_o may_v have_v jointure_n as_o of_o mine_n vesturam_fw-la terrâ—_n wood_n town_n isle_n meadow_n and_o such_o like_a also_o of_o a_o advowson_n of_o a_o reversion_n depend_v upon_o a_o estate_n for_o life_n of_o a_o windmill_n a_o high_a chamber_n a_o rectorie_n and_o such_o other_o and_o they_o be_v call_v tenement_n also_o of_o a_o villain_n for_o he_o be_v a_o heredytament_n &_o of_o all_o these_o profet_z may_v come_v to_o the_o woman_n but_o of_o those_o thing_n whereof_o no_o profet_z will_n come_v but_o rather_o a_o charge_n a_o jointure_n can_v be_v make_v theft_n theft_n be_v a_o deceitful_a take_n away_o of_o a_o other_o man_n good_n but_o not_o from_o his_o parson_n with_o a_o mind_n to_o steal_v they_o a_o against_o his_o will_n who_o good_n they_o be_v and_o theft_n be_v in_o two_o sort_n y_z e_z one_z so_o call_v simple_o &_o the_o other_o petty_a or_o little_a theft_n the_o first_o be_v where_o the_o thing_n steal_v exceed_v the_o value_n of_o xij_o d._n and_o y_fw-fr â—_o be_v felony_n the_o other_o which_o be_v call_v littel_v or_o petiet_n theft_n be_v where_o the_o thing_n steal_v do_v not_o exceed_v y_z e_o value_n of_o xij_o d._n and_o that_o be_v no_o felony_n lastage_n lastage_n that_o be_v to_o be_v quite_o of_o a_o certain_a custom_n exact_v in_o fair_n any_o market_n for_o carry_v of_o thing_n where_o a_o man_n will_n lessor_n and_o lessee_n lessor_n be_v he_o that_o less_v land_n or_o tenemente_n to_o a_o other_o for_o term_n of_o life_n year_n or_o at_o will_n and_o he_o to_o who_o the_o lease_n be_v make_v be_v call_v lessee_n levant_n &_o couchant_a levant_n &_o couchant_a be_v say_v when_o the_o beast_n or_o cattle_n of_o a_o stranger_n be_v come_v into_o a_o other_o man_n ground_n &_o there_o have_v remain_v a_o certain_a good_a space_n of_o time_n so_o long_o that_o they_o have_v well_o feed_v &_o also_o rest_v themselves_o wager_n of_o law_n wager_n of_o law_n be_v when_o a_o action_n be_v bring_v against_o one_o w_o tout_fw-fr especialty_n she_o wed_v or_o other_o matter_n of_o record_n as_o a_o action_n of_o debt_n upon_o contract_n or_o detinue_n than_o the_o defendant_n may_v wage_v his_o law_n that_o be_v to_o say_v swear_v upon_o a_o book_n and_o certain_a person_n with_o he_o that_o he_o owe_v nothing_o to_o the_o playntife_n in_o manner_n and_o form_n as_o he_o have_v declare_v but_o in_o a_o action_n of_o debt_n upon_o a_o lease_n for_o term_n of_o year_n or_o upon_o the_o arrearage_n of_o account_n before_o auditor_n assign_v a_o man_n shall_v not_o wage_v his_o law_n and_o when_o one_o shall_v wage_v his_o law_n he_o shall_v bring_v with_o he_o vi_fw-mi viij_o or_o twelve_o of_o his_o neighbour_n as_o the_o court_n shall_v assign_v he_o to_o swear_v with_o he_o and_o if_o at_o that_o day_n assign_v he_o fail_v of_o his_o law_n than_o he_o shall_v be_v condemn_v livery_n of_o seysin_n livery_n of_o seysin_n be_v a_o ceremony_n use_v in_o conveyance_n of_o land_n or_o tenement_n where_o a_o estate_n in_o fee_n simple_a fee_n tail_n or_o a_o fréehold_n shall_v pass_v and_o it_o be_v a_o testimonial_a of_o the_o willing_a depart_n from_o all_o that_o which_o he_o who_z make_v the_o livery_n have_v in_o the_o thing_n whereof_o livery_n be_v make_v and_o the_o receyvinge_n of_o the_o livery_n be_v a_o willing_a acceptance_n by_o the_o other_o party_n of_o all_o that_o whereof_o the_o other_o have_v dismiss_v himself_o and_o be_v invent_v as_o a_o open_a and_o notorious_a thing_n by_o mean_n whereof_o the_o common_a people_n may_v have_v knowledge_n of_o the_o pass_v or_o alteration_n of_o estate_n from_o man_n to_o man_n that_o thereby_o they_o may_v be_v the_o better_a able_a to_o try_v in_o who_o the_o right_a and_o possession_n of_o land_n and_o tenement_n be_v if_o they_o shall_v be_v impanel_v in_o juries_n or_o otherwise_o have_v to_o do_v concern_v the_o same_o the_o common_a manner_n of_o delivery_n of_o seysin_n be_v after_o this_o sort_n do_v if_o it_o be_v in_o the_o open_a field_n where_o be_v no_o building_n or_o house_n than_o one_o that_o can_v read_v take_v the_o write_n in_o his_o hand_n if_o the_o estate_n shall_v pass_v by_o deed_n and_o declare_v to_o the_o stander_n by_o the_o cause_n of_o their_o meet_a there_o together_o etc._n etc._n and_o then_o open_o read_v the_o deed_n in_o english_a and_o after_o that_o it_o be_v seal_v the_o party_n who_o be_v to_o depart_v from_o the_o ground_n take_v the_o deed_n in_o his_o hand_n together_o with_o a_o clodde_n of_o the_o earth_n &_o a_o twig_n or_o bow_n if_o any_o there_o be_v and_o all_o this_o he_o delyver_v to_o the_o other_o party_n in_o the_o name_n of_o possession_n or_o seysin_n according_a to_o the_o form_n &_o effect_v of_o the_o deed_n which_o before_o they_o be_v there_o read_v but_o if_o there_o be_v a_o dwelling_n house_n or_o buildinge_n upon_o the_o land_n than_o this_o be_v do_v there_o at_o the_o door_n of_o the_o same_o none_o be_v leave_v at_o that_o time_n within_o the_o house_n and_z y_z â—_o party_n deliver_v all_o the_o aforesaid_a together_o with_o the_o ring_a of_o the_o door_n in_o the_o name_n of_o seysin_n or_o possession_n &_o he_o that_o receive_v the_o liberty_n enter_v in_o first_o alone_a and_o shut_v to_o the_o door_n and_o present_o open_v it_o again_o and_o let_v they_o in_o etc._n etc._n if_o it_o be_v of_o a_o house_n whereto_o be_v no_o land_n or_o ground_n the_o liverye_n be_v make_v and_o poss_a take_v by_o the_o delivery_n of_o y_fw-es â—_o ring_n of_o the_o door_n &_o deed_n only_o and_o where_o it_o be_v without_o deed_n either_o of_o land_n or_o tenemente_n there_o the_o party_n declare_v by_o word_n of_o mouth_n béefore_o wytnesse_n the_o estate_n that_o he_o mean_v to_o depart_v with_o and_o then_o deliver_v seysin_n or_o possession_n in_o manner_n as_o be_v before_o sayâ—e_n and_o so_o the_o land_n or_o tenement_n do_v pass_v as_o well_o where_o there_o be_v no_o deed_n as_o by_o deed_n and_o that_o by_o force_n of_o the_o lyverie_n of_o seysin_n it_o be_v agree_v in_o gray_n inn_n by_o the_o right_n warshipful_a master_n snag_n at_o his_o read_v there_o in_o summer_n a_o 1574_o that_n if_o a_o feoffour_n deliver_v the_o view_n of_o the_o land_n in_o name_n of_o seysin_n that_o it_o be_v good_a because_o that_o he_o have_v a_o possessyon_n in_o himself_o but_o otherwise_o it_o be_v of_o a_o attorney_n for_o he_o must_v go_v to_o the_o land_n and_o take_v possession_n himself_o béefore_o that_o he_o can_v gyve_v possession_n to_o a_o other_o accord_v to_o the_o word_n of_o his_o letter_n etc._n etc._n and_o where_o livery_n of_o seysin_n be_v by_o view_n if_o the_o feoffée_n do_v not_o enter_v after_o etc._n etc._n nothing_o pass_v for_o he_o ought_v to_o enter_v in_o deed_n lotherwite_n lotherwite_n that_o be_v y_fw-fr â—_o you_o may_v take_v amends_n of_o he_o which_o do_v defile_v your_o bondwoman_n without_o your_o licence_n mahim_n or_o maim_n mahim_n be_v where_o any_o member_n be_v hurt_v or_o take_v away_o whereby_o y_a e_o party_n so_o hurt_v be_v make_v unperfect_a to_o fight_v as_o if_o a_o bone_n be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o head_n or_o a_o bone_n be_v break_v in_o any_o other_o part_n of_o the_o body_n or_o a_o foot_n or_o hand_n or_o finger_n or_o joint_n of_o a_o foot_n or_o any_o member_n be_v cut_v or_o by_o some_o wound_n the_o sinew_n be_v make_v to_o shrink_v or_o other_o member_n or_o the_o finger_n make_v crooked_a or_o if_o a_o eye_n be_v put_v out_o or_o the_o foreté_v break_v or_o any_o other_o thing_n hurt_v in_o a_o man_n body_n by_o mean_n whereof_o he_o be_v make_v the_o less_o able_a to_o defend_v himself_o but_o the_o cuttinge_n off_o of_o a_o ear_n or_o nose_n or_o break_v of_o the_o hinder_a tooth_n or_o such_o like_a be_v no_o may_n â–ª_o him_z because_o it_o be_v rather_o a_o deformity_n of_o y_fw-fr e_o body_n them_z diminish_v of_o strength_n and_o if_o the_o justyce_n stand_v in_o doubt_n whether_o the_o hurt_n be_v a_o maihim_n or_o not_o they_o use_v and_o will_v of_o their_o
courtesy_n of_o england_n be_v there_o where_o a_o man_n take_v a_o wife_n inheritrix_n and_o they_o have_v issue_n a_o son_n or_o daughter_n and_o the_o wife_n die_v whether_o y_a e_o issue_n be_v dead_a or_o a_o live_v y_z e_z husband_n shall_v hold_v this_o land_n for_o term_n of_o his_o life_n by_o the_o courtesy_n of_o england_n and_o by_o y_z e_z law_n and_o in_o this_o case_n the_o fee_n and_o the_o right_n remain_v in_o the_o person_n of_o he_o of_o who_o he_o hold_v and_o for_o that_o this_o tenant_n may_v not_o alien_a in_o fee_n nor_o for_o term_v of_o another_o life_n and_o if_o he_o do_v it_o be_v lawful_a to_o he_o in_o the_o reversion_n to_o enter_v fee_fw-mi simple_a ¶_o to_o hold_v in_o fee_n simple_a be_v to_o hold_v to_o any_o man_n or_o woman_n to_o he_o and_o to_o his_o heir_n and_o to_o his_o assign_n for_o evermore_o frank_n tenure_n ¶_o to_o hold_v in_o free_a hold_n be_v to_o hold_v for_o term_n of_o his_o own_o life_n or_o for_o term_n of_o a_o other_o man_n life_n and_o in_o this_o case_n the_o fee_n &_o the_o right_n remain_v in_o you_o â—_o person_n of_o he_o of_o who_o he_o hold_v and_o for_o that_o this_o tenant_n may_v not_o alien_a in_o fee_n nor_o for_o term_n of_o life_n and_o if_o he_o do_v it_o be_v well_o lawful_a to_o he_o in_o who_o the_o fee_n and_o the_o right_n abide_v to_o enter_v dower_n ¶_o to_o hold_v in_o dower_n be_v where_o a_o man_n inherit_v take_v a_o wife_n and_o die_v y_z e_z heir_n shall_v enter_v and_o endow_v the_o wife_n of_o y_z e_z third_z part_n of_o all_o that_o that_o be_v to_o her_o husband_n in_o his_o life_n in_o fee_n simple_a or_o fee_n tail_n and_o she_o shall_v hold_v these_o land_n for_o term_n of_o her_o life_n as_o her_o free_a hold_n term_n dans_fw-fr ¶_o to_o hold_v for_o term_v of_o year_n be_v not_o but_o chattel_n in_o effect_n for_o no_o action_n be_v mayntenable_a against_o y_fw-fr â—_o termour_n for_o the_o recover_n of_o the_o fréehold_n for_o no_o fréehold_n be_v in_o he_o a_o lease_n for_o term_n of_o year_n be_v a_o chattel_n real_a and_o the_o other_o chattel_n personal_a &_o all_o good_n which_o be_v removable_a be_v chattelle_n personal_n mortgage_n ¶_o to_o hold_v in_o mortgage_n be_v to_o hold_v for_o a_o certain_a term_n upon_o condition_n y_fw-fr â—_o if_o the_o lessour_n pay_v so_o much_o money_n at_o such_o a_o day_n that_o he_o may_v enter_v and_o if_o not_o that_o the_o other_o shall_v have_v a_o fee_n simple_a or_o fee_n tail_n or_o free_a hold_n and_o in_o every_o case_n where_o land_n or_o tenement_n be_v géeven_v to_o a_o manfor_a a_o certain_a term_n upon_o condition_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o lessor_n for_o to_o make_v y_o â—_o lessee_n to_o have_v more_o long_a time_n or_o term_n if_o the_o other_o do_v not_o as_o the_o condition_n be_v the_o land_n and_o tenemente_n untyll_o the_o day_n that_o the_o condytion_n shall_v be_v do_v be_v hold_v in_o mortgage_n as_o in_o a_o dead_a gage_n ¶_o and_o note_v well_o that_o if_o land_n be_v let_v to_o a_o man_n in_o mortgage_n in_o fee_n simple_a or_o in_o fee_n tail_n upon_o condition_n that_o if_o the_o first_o lessour_n as_o be_v before_o say_v pay_v so_o much_o money_n at_o such_o a_o day_n that_o he_o may_v enter_v &_o if_o not_o that_o the_o lessée_fw-fr have_v the_o sane_a estate_n in_o the_o land_n that_o the_o lessour_n do_v he_o grant_v at_o you_o â—â—eginning_a â—eginnynge_z and_o if_o before_o the_o day_n assign_v the_o lessée_fw-fr be_v disseyse_v he_o shall_v have_v assize_n of_o novel_a disseisin_n and_o in_o case_n that_o if_o the_o lessée_fw-fr take_v a_o wife_n &_o die_v less_v before_o the_o day_n assign_v the_o woman_n shall_v be_v endow_v and_o note_v well_o that_o if_o y_z e_z lessour_n after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o lessée_fw-fr pay_v not_o the_o money_n at_o y_fw-es â—_o day_n assign_v then_o y_o â—_o woman_n shall_v hold_v her_o dower_n and_o the_o issue_n her_o heritage_n and_o in_o case_n the_o lessour_n at_o y_fw-fr e_o day_n assign_v pay_v the_o money_n to_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o lessée_fw-fr than_o he_o may_v put_v out_o the_o woman_n and_o the_o heir_n also_o of_o all_o the_o land_n first_o let_v and_o if_o a_o man_n géeve_v land_n to_o a_o other_o in_o the_o tail_n yield_v to_o he_o a_o certain_a rent_n by_o the_o year_n &_o one_o entre_fw-fr for_o defaut_fw-fr of_o payment_n y_fw-fr â—_o donée_fw-fr take_v a_o wife_n and_o die_v seize_v the_o woman_n shall_v be_v endow_v and_o in_o case_n that_o after_o the_o rent_n be_v behind_o the_o donour_n may_v enter_v &_o put_v out_o the_o woman_n and_o the_o heir_n also_o and_o note_v well_o that_o if_o land_n be_v let_v to_o a_o man_n in_o mortgage_n in_o fee_n upon_o condition_n the_o lessée_fw-fr do_v alien_a the_o lessour_n shalbée_v charge_v to_o pay_v the_o money_n to_o the_o alienée_n &_o not_o to_o the_o seffée_n as_o it_o be_v say_v burgage_n ¶_o to_o hold_v in_o burgage_n be_v to_o hold_v as_o if_o the_o burgeis_n hold_v of_o the_o king_n or_o of_o another_o lord_n land_n or_o tenemente_n yeldinge_n to_o he_o a_o certain_a rent_n by_o y_fw-es â—_o year_n or_o else_o there_o where_o another_o man_n than_o burgeis_n hold_v of_o any_o lord_n land_n or_o tenemente_n in_o burgage_n yeldinge_n to_o he_o a_o certain_a rent_n by_o year_n socage_n ¶_o to_o hold_v in_o socage_n be_v to_o hold_v of_o any_o lord_n land_n or_o tenement_n yield_v to_o he_o a_o certain_a rent_n by_o y_z e_z year_n for_o all_o manner_n service_n and_o note_v well_o that_o to_o hold_v by_o socage_n be_v not_o to_o hold_v by_o knight_n service_n nor_o there_o long_v ward_n marriage_n nor_o relief_n but_o they_o shall_v double_v once_o their_o rent_n after_o the_o death_n of_o their_o ancestor_n according_a to_o that_o y_z t_z they_o be_v wont_v to_o pay_v to_o their_o lord_n and_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v over_o measure_n greve_v as_o it_o appear_v in_o the_o treatyse_n of_o ward_n and_o relief_n and_o note_v well_o y_fw-mi t_o socage_n may_v be_v say_v in_o three_o manner_n that_o be_v to_o say_v socage_n in_o free_a tenure_n socage_n in_o ancient_a tenure_n &_o socage_n in_o base_a tenure_n socage_n in_o free_a tenure_n be_v to_o hold_v free_o by_o certain_a rent_n for_o all_o manner_n of_o service_n as_o be_v before_o say_v and_o of_o that_o the_o next_o km_v body_n shall_v have_v the_o ward_n to_o who_o the_o heritage_n may_v not_o descend_v till_o the_o age_n of_o xiiii_o year_n that_o be_v to_o say_v if_o the_o heritage_n come_v by_o the_o part_n of_o the_o father_n they_o of_o the_o part_n of_o y_fw-fr e_o mother_n shall_v have_v the_o ward_n &_o contrary_a wise_a ¶_o and_o note_v well_o that_o if_o the_o garden_n in_o socage_n do_v make_v be_v he_o shall_v not_o be_v pech_v of_o waist_n but_o he_o shall_v yield_v account_n to_o the_o heir_n when_o he_o shall_v come_v to_o his_o full_a age_n of_o xxi_o year_n and_o look_v the_o statute_n of_o marlebridge_n cap._n xvij_o for_o this_o matter_n socage_n in_o ancient_a tenure_n be_v that_o where_o the_o people_n in_o ancient_a demesne_fw-la hold_v which_o use_v no_o other_o wrytte_n to_o have_v then_o the_o write_v of_o right_a close_n which_o shall_v be_v determine_v according_o to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o manor_n and_o the_o monstraverunt_fw-la for_o to_z discharge_v they_o when_o their_o lord_n distrayn_v they_o for_o to_o do_v other_o service_n that_o they_o ought_v not_o to_o do_v and_o this_o writ_n of_o monstraverunt_fw-la ought_v to_o be_v bring_v against_o the_o lord_n &_o those_o tenant_n hold_v all_o by_o one_o certain_a service_n &_o these_o be_v free_a tenante_n of_o ancient_a demesne_fw-la socage_n in_o base_a tenure_n be_v where_o a_o man_n hold_v in_o ancient_a demesne_fw-la that_o may_v not_o have_v the_o monstraverunt_fw-la and_o for_o that_o it_o be_v call_v y_fw-mi â—_o base_a tenure_n ¶_o to_o hold_v in_o fee_n ferme_fw-fr be_v to_o hold_v in_o fee_n simple_a yeldinge_n to_o the_o lord_n the_o value_n or_o at_o the_o least_o the_o four_o part_n by_o year_n and_o he_o ought_v to_o do_v no_o other_o thing_n but_o as_o it_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o feffement_n and_o he_o that_o hold_v in_o fee_n farm_n ought_v to_o do_v fealty_n and_o not_o relief_n frank_n fee._n ¶_o to_o hold_v in_o frank_a fee_n be_v to_o hold_v in_o fee_n simple_a land_n pledable_a at_o the_o common_a law_n base_a fee._n ¶_o to_o hold_v in_o fee_n base_a be_v to_o hold_v at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o lord_n villeinage_n ¶_o to_o hold_v in_o pure_a vyllenage_n be_v to_o do_v all_o that_o y_z e_z lord_n will_v he_o command_v ¶_o the_o