charge In the same year and for the same service there was transported ten thousand quarteâ— of wheat five thousand of Oates and many Bacons The Church not forborn in those charges 〈◊〉 For from Winchester two thousand quarter of Wheat and Oates and one thousand of Beam was taken The other Bishops and Clergy bearing their parts of victuals in the like Exactions coming ut unda supervenit undae acsi esset Anglia puteus inexhaustus as waâ—… follows wave as if England were a pit nevâ—… to be drawn dry In the twelfth and fourteenth the King levieth Souldiers for his waâ—… beyond Sea collecting pro Exercitu suo de sâ—… gulis duabus Hidis upon every two Hides unuâ—… hominem bonum secure and to bring secum vâ—… ctualia victuals with them and those foâ—… whose service the King dispenced quos Râ—… vult remanere in partibus suis and such as he pleased should continue at home to contribute victuals to those that went for forty dayes commanding the Sheriffs to swear all ad Arma qui post cum remanebant in Anglia in forma qua jurati fuerant tempore Joannis Patris sui to Armes who stayed behind him in England after the manner they were sworn in the time of King John his father by which Ordinance of King John all able Subjects from Youth to decrepit Age were bound to arm themselves and be in continual readiness à â—â—ro usque ad mane from night to morning for â—o the Record is to attend the Kings pleasure And therefore Henry the third in anno 14. mandavit Vicecomitibus quod venire faciant â—d exercitum Regis homines juratos ad ferâ—um commanded the Sheriffs to send all those â—o his Army who had been so sworn bringing with them Loricas Habergiones c. Coats of Maile Habergeons c. and to such as neglected this service he sent his Writs reprehending â—hem at first jurgatoriè eò quòd c. tartly â—or that c. and after fining them according 〈◊〉 their abilities and Tenures Taking an 26. â—f Willihelm de Umfrevile pro quietatione pasâ—agii for the securing of his passage into Gasâ—oign 100 Marks and so in proportion of many thers Edward the first exacted from the land of his â—ubjects four times Scutage assessed every time 〈◊〉 forty shillings the Knights Fee And once an Aide called Auxilium novum a new Aide which he farmed out for ready money Of the Rents of the Clergy he took a Tenth part twice for one year and once for six and the twentieth part twice from both the Provinces and once for two years from Canterbury only The possessions of the Priors Aliens he seized once into his own hands putting the Monks to a bare Pension of eighteen pence a week Of the goods of the Clergy he took the thirtieth the fifteenth and the fifth part once the Moiety three times and the Tenth seven times whereof the Grant was first for two years and then for three years and once for six years Of the goods of the Commons the eighth and the ninth and the twelfth part he took once twice severally the tenth and eleventh the Sessors being sworn to levy and rate truly Three times he had the fifteenth part and once the moiety of a fifteenth From the Clergy and Laiety together the King had granted of their Moveables 〈◊〉 tenth a fifteenth and a thirtieth part Of the Cities and Boroughs besides a great Loan once the seventh and eighth and twice the sixth parâ—… From the Merchants a twentieth and a sevenâ—… portion once of their Commodities imposinâ—… a new Custome of a Noble upon every Saâ—… of Wool which he let out to Farm And under pretence of some breach of Amity wiâ—… those parts whither his Merchants traded 〈◊〉 seized anno 22. all the Wools into his handâ—… and made of them instant Sale to the best valâ—… leaving them upon security to a short price aâ—… a long day of payment He took the saâ—… year to the distaste of the Pope and murmâ—… of the Clergy all the money gathered in suâ—… dium Terrae Sanctae for the succour of the Hâ—… Land to furnish his Journeys Upon the pâ—… sons of his Subjects he imposed one Tallage sessed either in communi in general or per capita by the Poll. And twice the like upon the Jews whereof the one amounted to fifty thousand Marks Neither were his people by continual payment for there was but one year of intermission all his Reign freed from attendance in their Persons For in record there appeareth plentifully his writs to the Sheriffs as an 31. de peditibus eligendis de tota Anglia for the chusing of foot-Souldiers throughout all England and to be found and furnished by their several Countreys calling his Earles Barons and Knights to personal service according to their Tenures His Son the second Edward assessed upon the lands of his Subjects twice Scutage once at two Marks and once at forty shillings the Knights Fee From the Revenues of the Clergy rated by the book of Tenths he at distinct times took 4 d. 5 d. and 12 d. in the Mark and once the fifteenth part of the whole From the goods of the Clergy a Tenth for three years And twice a Loan from the Abbots and Bishops From the Laiety besides a Tallage of their Moveables in Cities and Burroughs once a tenth twice a fifteenth and twice a twentieth part of their goods Besides a Loan from the Commons and ten shillings borrowed upon every Sack of Wool from Merchant Strangers and a Noble from others From the Clergy and Laiety together of their goods a tenth a fifteenth and twice an eighteenth part besides a Loane He augmented his fathers new Custome with an Imposition of a Noble more upon every Sack of Wool And anno 10. quia exitus Regni sui terrarum because the profits of his Realm and dominions elsewhere together with all the money granted by the Church and Laiety ad sumptus Belli sufficere noluit was not enough to defray the charges of his wars and that he must infinitam pecuniam effundere spend a vast deal of money he sesseth and increaseth an Imposition upon all Commodities inward and outward to an extream Rate and caused the Commons in every Shire to lay down money in deposito to pay his Souldiers and took from the Nobility and Gentry a large contribution towards his wars and seized omnes Lanas Coria Mercatorum data securitate Possessoribus de rationabili pretio postea solvendo All the Wools and Hides of the Merchants giving security to the Owners that a reasonable price should be paid for them afterwards He charged the Ports and Sea-Towns twelve several years ad costos suos sumptibus villarum at their own costs and the charge of the Villages about them as the Record saith to set to Sea in his service Ships
furnished Armis victualibus with Armes and Victuals sometimes for one moneth as anno 11. sometimes for four as anno 12. and sometimes for seven as anno 4. the number of Ships more or less as occasion required In anno 17. Southampton was charged with six and an hundred and eighteen Sea-Towns more with rateable proportions for the Kings service Sometimes as anno 18. embarguing all the Ships in any Port that were of forty Tuns or upwards as an 20. or of fifty Tuns and upward as â—…n 23. contra hostiles aggressus Gallorum against â—he hostile attempts of the French Causing â—he Town of Southampton anno 6. to build 〈◊〉 Galley for themselves of an hundred and twenty Oares Commanding all the Sheriffs for proâ—ision of Victual as anno 1 2 3 4 9. to provide de Exitibus Comitatuum certum protiâ—m at the charge of the County a certain Rate â—…o the proportion sometimes of thirty thousand five hundred Quarters of Corn and many Baâ—ons as anno 16. and to send them to the Kings Army As also Carrecta Carracum Equis Bobus Carts and Waggons with Oxen â—nd Horses out of the Counties severally for the â—se of war Sometimes he made the Ports to â—end provision themselves as anno 7. and â—ot to suffer any Ships with victuals ibidem discariari to be there unladed but to order them by security for those parts where the Kings Army was lodged And not sparing the Church exacted his three first years Frumenta alia victualia pro exercitu suo Corn and other Victuals for his Army from them Besides the former Charges the Persons of Men as well of the Nobility as meaner rank were at their own Charge often enjoyned to serve by reason of the wars As in an 6 7 8 9 10 and 16. of this King when they were called singulatim man by man as well Widows as Knights and Noblemen and such as held forty pound land according to their Tenures sub forisfactura terrarum Catallorum Equis Armis sumptibus propriis to appear with Horse and Armes at their own charge under penalty of forfeiting their Lands and Chattels and to provide de hominibus aâ—… Arma ultra famulos suos consuetos men for the service besides their ordinary Servants according to Augustus rule Viri Foeminaeque ex Censu coactae dare Militem both men and women were forced to find their Souldiers And of this the Clergy was not exempted anno 16. of this King And out of every Town one sumptibus propriis at their own charges for forty dayes as anno 15. or for 60. as anno 9. or prâ—… 7. Septimanis for seven weeks as anno 4. Sometimes a thousand in one Gounty as anno 3 Sometimes an entire Army of eighteen thousand three hundred an 11. and forty eight thousand eight hundred at the charge of all the Counties anno 15. London sumptibus Civitatis at the Cities charge found 500. men for forry days anno 12. and the like anno 18. contra insultus Regis Eranciae against the invasions of the King of France The King commanded anno 16. that all of forty shillings land and upwards should rateably send to his service men And an 9 10 15 and 16. that all jurati ad arma sworn to Armes or from sixteen to sixty secundum Statutum Wincestriae according to the Statute of Winchester should attend their Services And anno 13. injoyned all from twenty to sixty to be armed and victualled at their own charge And commanded the Sheriffs annis 6 7 8 12 16 and 18. to see all the able men of England so furnished that Parati sint muniti ad veniendum ad Regem quando vocati fuerint they should be provided and in a readiness to march to the King when he shâ—… them their weapons to be provided ad 〈◊〉 â—ncolarum at the charge of their neigâ—… dwellers and themselves enjoyned to mustâ—… train every six weeks If any neglected hâ—…ted service there was sent to the Sheriff â—…it de habenda â—llos coram Concilio qui praemoâ—… cum venerunt â—n expeditione Regis to bring them before the Council who knowing of it before refused the expedition as anno 15. 1. the parties imprisoned and their goods seized into the Kings hands as anno 9. 16. or else redemption by fine as the Sheriffs of Buckingham and Bedford did their men for six hundred Marks anno 15. The owner of forty shillings land to redeem his first default cum tertia parte Bonorum with the third part of his Goods the second cum tota residua with the remaining parts at the third sint Corpora corum ad voluntatem Regis their Bodies to be at the Kings disposal and of Knights qui non fuerunt in exercitâ— Regis 20 l. de qualibet Hida which were not in the Kings Army 20 l. for every Hide as anno 13. I have the longer insisted upon this King that tanquam in speculo as in a glass we may behold the intolerable miseries of the Nobility and Commons inseparably accompanying the times of War Edward the third charged the lands of his Subjects twice forty shillings of every Knights Fee and five pound sixteen shillings of every Parish in the forty eighth year of his Reign Out of the Goods of the Commons he took once the ninth part and fifteenth of Forrest and Waste twice the tenth thirteen times a fifteenth for one year and twice for thâ—…ars and once the twentieth part of all moveâ—… and thirty thousand Sacks of Wooll upon coâ—… Of the Burroughs and Cities four Tenths 〈◊〉 one for three years From the Lords the tenâ—…eaf Lamb and Fleece who with the Bishops â—…d Knights grant twenty thousand Sacks of Woll for payment of the Kings debts giving in the interim security themselves by Bond to the Earl of Brittain to whom their Soveraign stood engaged Of the Clergie alone one Tenth for four years three for three years and one for one year Besides a Contribution in the twelfth of his Reign seizing in the same year all the Goods of the Cluny and Cistertian Monks Of the Church and Laity together he received six times the tenth of all their Moveables From the Merchants and State a Subsidy of Wooll for three years Imposing anno 33. 26 s. 8 d. upon every Sack transported which doubled the Impositions of his Father and Grandfather Advancing it after for six years to forty shillings and in anno 38. being the year he resumed his Stile of France to 46 s. 4 d. the Sack of Wooll Taking Poundage 6 d. of all Commodities inward and outward and enjoyning the Merchants for every Sampler of Wooll transported to return in forty shillings Bullion to his Mint Himself becoming Merchant of all the Tinne in Devonshire and Cornwall anno 12. in
Nobility and Gentry to serve him with so many men and so long and at such a rate as he and they by Indenture accorded of which there are in the Pell plenty yet remaining Thus under grievous burdens did the State labour continually all his time for his Treasury being wastefully emptied was as Tacitus saith of Tiberius Scelere replendum to be filled some ill way by which he meant intolerable racking of the people Hence it was that often in this Kings time the Subjects humbly beg some ease of the insupportable Tallages But he little regarding the tears or groans of his heartless People answered them as an 4. That their Petition and his Honour could not consist together They again plead extream poverty in barr of further relief complaining that good money was transported and the State enforced to use base and that the price of Wooll by wars to their utter impoverishing was fallen and that the Kings want was only the ill government of his Revenues and therefore crave to have his present Officers removed and very hardly would be drawn any more to tax themselves but conditionally and with this Limitation That their money should be received expended and accounted for to themselves and by Treasurers of their own election and are content to lend in the end loading this poor Kings dejected Fortune with the reproachful weight of these their many Burthens Henry the fourth in thirteen years out of the land of his people received twice relief once auxilia de medietate Feodorum an Aid of the moiety of the Fees and again a Noble out of every twenty pound throughout all the Realm Out of the Goods of the Commons four times a Tenth besides one for three years and the like one and a half for two By several grants and years five Fifteens besides one for two and one for three years Out of Staple Commodities of Woolls Fells c. one Subsidy for one year four for two apiece and one for three years A Poundage at 8 d. once four times twelve pence whereof the last was for two years The like number and years of the Tunnage the first only rated at two shillings the rest at three shillings the Tun. Out of the Moveables of the Clergie thrice a Tenth and twice a moiety as also of every stipendary Minister Frier and such meaner of persons six shillings eight pence apiece Besides all these of all he took anno 8. a Contribution it a gravis so heavy that it was granted ea conditione ne trahatur in Exemplum ut Evidentiae post datum Computum cremarentur upon this condition that it should not be made an Example to following times and that after the Account the Evidences should be burnt Next him succeeded his Son Henry the fifth in whose nine years Reign I find no charge imposed upon the Land of the Subjects Out of the Goods of the Commons he received six times the tenth and the fifteenth entirely and once two thirds only of Staple wares a Subsidy once for four years and after for life three shillings Tunnage and twelve pence poundage for the like terms as the former Subsidies Thrice he had the Tenth of his Clergy And in the eighth of his Reign when the Chancellor bewailed to him in Parliament the Feebleness and Poverty of the People by reason of wars and scarcity of money he who of as many attempts as he undertook totidem fecit Monumenta victoriae raised himself so many Monuments of Victory yet for redress and ease of those miseries as Livy saith of an excellent Soldier Pacem voluit etiam quia vincere potuit he preferred Peace because he knew he could overcome And left in the ninth year of his Reign a peaceable succession and Heir nimium felix malo suo too happy to his own undoing as the event proved For retaining nothing ex paterna Majestate praeter speciem nominis of his Fathers Greatness more than the specious Name of a Great King by Fear and Facility he laid the way open to his Factious Ambitious Kindred to work themselves into popular Favour and himself into Contempt which was soon done by leading the easie King by Expence into Extremity and the People into Burdens For besides the Resumptions he took of his own and Fathers Grants which was of purpose plotted to make a consumption of Duty and Affection towards him he out of the old inheritance of his Subjects exacted six pence in the pound anno 14. and doubled twice that valuation not only on all lands purchased from the entrance of Edward the first but of all Free-hold and Coppy-hold under 200 l. and two in twenty of all above He further imposed first six shillings eight pence and then twenty shillings upon every Knights Fee Out of the goods of the Commons he had six tenths whereof one for three years besides three moieties and one third of fifteens three halfs one third and eight entire of which there was of two a three years grant Besides these former out of the Woolls he had 37107 l. raised by a moiety of a tenth and fifteenth and again of all goods six shillings eight pence in the pound Of the Merchant of Subsidies rated as in former times he had them by grant once but for a year the like doubled for two and trebled for three and a half This Subsidy advanced to thirty three shillings four pence of Denisons and fifty three shillings four pence of Aliens The Sack of Wooll was twice granted for four years at a time and anno 31. for term of the Kings life Besides a Subsidy alone of Aliens goods Tonnage and Poundage improved to six shillings eight pence he took in his eighteenth year And after the Rates of his Fathers time he had it first thrice by his several grants and years then as often for two years and again by a new grant for five years and in the end for term of his life Of the Clergie he had besides one half of Dismes four entire tenths And by the State in general an 31. two thousand Archers maintained for half a year at the common Charge By the Poll he exacted anno 18. of every Merchant Stranger if a householder sixteen shillings apiece if none six pence And anno 27. six shillings eight pence of every such Stranger and twenty pence of their Clerks An. 31. he had granted for term of life ten pounds a year of all Inhabitants meer Aliens and a third less of Denizons and twenty shillings of every Stranger Merchant that came into the land The first Monopolies I find were grounded upon the extremities of these times for in anno 29. the Spinellos Merchants of Genua had by grant for eight thousand pound the sole Trade of many Staple-Commodities As the Merchants of Southampton had all Allome for the like summ Yet for all the Contributions Taxes and Shifts whereby the impoverished People were enforced to petition redress for which
set oâ—… Revenge stood to stay at pleasure for armâ—… tenenti Omnia dat qui justa neg at Deny thâ—… Souldiers due You give him all you have it wâ—… urged to him in Parliament in the seventh of hâ—… reign as an errour in his Government whereto 〈◊〉 answered that they ought not to lay the cause upâ—… on him for that together with the Crown thâ—… Wars descended unto him And the Chancellour 〈◊〉 the fourth of Henry the fourth declared publicklâ—… in the Higher House that by the mischance of Wâ—… and want of reasonable Peace for I use the wordâ—… of the Roll occasioned by dissensions and privaâ—… desire the flower of Chivalry and Rock of Nobleâ—… within the Realm was in a manner consumed Nobilit as cum Plebe perit lateque vagatur Ensis à multo revocatum est pectore ferrum The Peer and Peasant falls and hating rest Bloody the Sword returns from many a breast And the whole State by war had been thus subverted had not God as a mean raised that King But since the end of mans creation is not for thâ—… Slaughter nor education of Armes to make meâ—… Cast-aways the course most answerable either to Charity or Example for Rome did by Coloniâ—… inlarge and confirm her Empire is to transplaâ—… that we may best spare In Ireland we may increase the King many Subjects and in the Indiâ—… God many servants a world from our Forefathers â—…ockt up by divine Providence as only best to glorifie and purifie these Times And as in war conquirendus potius miles quam dimittendus Souldiers are rather to be listed than disbanded so post â—ellum vires refovendae magis quam spargendae after war forces are rather to be cherished than wasted And thus much in answer of Necessity Answer to the Arguments of Profit THe profits gained by Forraign Expeditions cannot be any wayes so truly esteemed as by setting down the expence of Money Men and Munition by which we have made purchase of them I will therefore deliver as they fall in sequence all the Impositions Taxes and Lones whether by general Grant or Prerogative power leâ—ied of the People summing after up as I go along the times of our Princes the number of Men Ships and vast provisions of Victuals raised to supply the necessity and expence of War WIlliam the Conquerour in the entrance of his Government took of every Hide-land twelve pence a due of the Subjects to the Soveraign both before and since the Conquest to defray such charge as either the defence of the Land from spoil or the Sea from Piracy should expose the Prince to It is called Dane-geld Gelda Regis or Hidage and was sessed by the Hide or Plough-land like to that Jugatio per jugera taxation by the acre in Rome yet by no rate definite with this as with another Exaction taken as the Monk of S. Albans saith sive per fas sive per nefas by fair means or by foul He passeâ— over into Francs into the list of charge he rankeâ— the Bishops and Abbots sessing upon them and aâ—… their charge a proportion of Souldiers for his serâ—…vice exiling many worthy men that opposed thâ—â— thraldom William Rufus anno 7. set upon the heads of sâ—… many as he mustered up for the French wars teâ— shillings a man and so discharged them In an 9. he to the same end spoiled the Churches of their Ornaments and Holy vessels and levied four Hidages of every Plough-land Tribâ—… Angliam non modo abradens sed excorians nâ—â— only shaving but even flaying England wiâ—… his impositions so that wearied with war and expence ne respirare potuit Anglia sub ipso suffocata England was quite stifled by him anâ— could not so much as breath Quid jam non Regibus ausum Aut quid jam Regno resta Scelus What durst not Kings then do What mischief could the Nation suffer more in this Kings time Henry the first anno 5. magnam à Regno exegit Pecuniam exacted a great â—umm of his Kingdom with which he passed into France and by this means gravabatur terra Angliae oppressâ—nibus multis England was born down with many oppressions He took in the tenth year siâ— shillings Danegeld And in the seventeenth Quod inter eum Regem Francorum magnum fuit dissidium Anglia fuit variis depressa Exactionibus Bonis sine peccato spoliata by means of the great differenoe betwixt him and the King of France England was oppressed with divers exactions and men spoiled of their goods for no offence at all Of King Stephen there need no more than the words of the Monk of Gisborn Post annum sextum Pax nulla omnes partes terrebat violenta Pradatio after the sixth year of his reign there was no quiet but all parts of the Land became a prey and spoil to violent men Henry the second alluding not unlike to the â—eada given the Eremitae in the decline of the Empire as Salaries by which they stood bound to defend the Frontiers against the Incursions of the Barbarous Nations continued the Policy of his Progenitors who allotted the Land into such and so many equal portions as might seem competent for supportation of a Knight or man at Arms from whom as occasion required they received either service or contribution This Tenure now esteemed a Thraldom began upon a voluntary and desired submission for who from his gift would not of the Prince accept Land upon the like conditions so it toucheth not the Soveraign as a wrong to the Subject but as in right his own And therefore respecting their first immediate dependency upon the Crown which is a great part of the Kings Honour their duties and Escheats a great benefit and their attendance by Tenure in war at their own charge to the number of 602 16. at the least for the Knights Fees in England are no less a great ease strength and security to his State for they are totidem Hostagia so many Hostages as Bracton saith it were a thing perillous now to alter after such a current of time and custome This King to understand the better his own strength publico praecepit edicto quod quilibet Praelatus Baro quot Milites de eo tenerent in Capite publicis suis instrument is significarent he caused it to be proclaimed that every Prelate and Baron should notifie by publick deed how many Knightships they held of him in capite By this rule of Scutage constant in the number he levied alwayes his Subsidies and relief though divers in the rate Of the first which was near the beginning of his Reign there is no record The second Scutage which was anno 5. amounted to 124 millia librarum argenti thousand pounds of silver which reduced to the standard of our money five shillings the ounce whereas that was not five groats will amount to
a Parliament was anno 10. summoned only the Kings Coffers were so empty and the yearly Revenues so short as the Lord Treaâ—â—râ—r was constrained an 11. to complain in Parliament of the one and declared there the other to want thirty five thousand pound of the needful expence as the best motive to work a Relief from the Common-wealth which was bâ—…he people in part effected But by anno 18. the debts were swoln again so great that the Parliament was reinforced not only to see them but to support and victual his household Thus was this unhappy Princes Reign all war and waste and in the end as one saith of Lepidus à Militibus à fortuna deserebatur being forsaken both of Souldiers and Fortune he was left a while to a disgraced life sâ—… quam tueri non poterat dignitate and despoiled of that Dignity which he was not able to maintain Edward the fourth besides two resumptions not only of the Grants of such Kings as he accounted de facto and not de jure to Reign but also of those made by himself and that Sea of profit that by infinite Attaintures flowed daily into his Treasury took notwithstanding of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal only a Tenth of their yearly possessions and of the Commons six Tenths three quarters and the like proportion of Fifteens A Benevolence in anno 14. which Fabian calleth a new Contribution And charged them anno 12. with wages of his Archers to a summ of 51117 l. Of the Merchant he had Tonnage and Poundage for term of life Besides of Strangers as well Denizons as others a Subsidy the twenty second year of his Reign Leaving his Kingdom in the next to the few dayes of his son Edward the fifth For Osten dunt terris hunc tantum Fata nec ultra Esse sinunt The Fates only shewed him to the world and took him away again Richard his Brother succeeded homo ingeniosissime nequam facundus malo publico a man most ingeniously mischievous and full of Art to beguile the people He to make a just semblance of his unjust entry besides his Act of Parliament full of dangerous Untruths dissembled the part of an excellent Prince making the Commons believe by a Statute to which he gave first form as life discharging them for ever from all exactions called Benevolences that his opinion was Ditare magis esse Regium quam ditescere that it was more King-like to enrich his Subjects than to grow rich himself Whereas he did but lively imitate Nero that took away the law Manlia de vectigalibus only ut gratiosior esset populis to ingratiate himself the more with the people And so all his short Reign I find recorded but once any Tax upon the people and that was Tenths granted by the Clergie of both Provinces Henry the seventh succeeding resumed in the third of his Reign most of the grants of Office made by the Usurper or his Brother and assessed upon the land only of his Subjects but one Aid in anno 19. out of their Goods and Lands a tenth peny and of their Goods only three times the Tenth five Fifteens besides a Tenth and Fifteenth arising to 120000l He took three Subsidies whereof the last was not above 36000l and one Benevolence the proportion of every Alderman bâ—…g 300l and the entire summ of the City of London 9688 l. 17 s. 4 d. Of the Clergiâ—…e had twice the Tenth and 25000 l. by way of Subsidy And of them and the Commons two Loans the City of Lond. rated at 6000 l. the other not definite in proportion but so assessed as Commissioners and the Lenders could agree And as well to ease the expence of wars as issue of the good money going over to Bullen he stamped an allayed Coin then usually termed Dandeprats A course that necessity after enforced his Son and Successors to practise and is an apparent Symptome of a consumed State But that whereby he heaped up his mass of Treasure for he left in Bullion four millions and a half besides his Plate Jewels and rich attire of house was by sale of Offices redemption of Penalties dispencing with Laws and such like to a yearly value of 120000 l. His Successor reaping the fruit of his Fathers labour gave ease of burthen to the Subjects his first two years taking within the compass of his other thirty four three Tenths of the Commons four Fifteens six Subsidies whereof that an 4. amounted to 16000 l. and that anno 7. 110000 l. Tonnage he had and Poundage once for a year and after for term of life Of the Clergie four Tenths by one grant and three by several every of them not less than 25084 l. Of Subsidies he had one of the Province of Canterbury another of both the Stipendary Ministers there to be taxed according to the rate of their wages In anno 22. they granted a moiety of all their Goods and Lands payable by equal portion in five years every part arising to 95000 l. And not long after he had added 150000 l. to the yearly Revenues of his Crown by an inhumane spoil of sacred Monuments and impious ruine of holy Churches if Gods blessing could have accompanied so foul an Act. And as these former Collections he grounded upon Law so did he many upon Prerogative As Benevolences and Loans from the Clergie and Commons Of the first there were two remarkable that in anno 17. acted by Commissioners who as themselves were sworn to Secrecy so were they to swear all those with whom they conferr or contract The Rates directed by instructions as the thirds of all Goods Offices Land above 20 l. and the fourth under And although the Recusants whether from Disobedience or Inability are threatned with Convention before the Council Imprisonment and Consiscation of Goods yet in the Design Original under the Kings hand it hath so fair a name as an Amicable Grant The other about an 36. exacteth out of all Goods Offices land from forty shillings to 20 l. 8 d. in the pound and of all above 12 d. And amongst the many Loans there is none more notorious than that of an 14. which was 10 l. in the hundred of all Goods Jewels Utensils and Land from 20 l. to 300 l. and twenty marks of all above as far as the Subjects Fortune revealed by the extremity of his own Oath would extend And to stop as well intentions if any had been as expectations of repayment of such Loans the Parliament in an 21. acquiâ—teth the King of every Privy Seal or Letter Missâ—ve Edward the sixth his Son besides Tonnage and Poundage for life an 1. received of his Lay-Subjects six Fifteens and of both three Subsidies leaving one of the Temporalty ungathered which his Sister Mary remitted in an 1. of her reign yet after incited by the French King succouring her Rebels