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land_n	according_a	call_v	zone_n	13	3	12.1360	5	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A53222	America : being the latest, and most accurate description of the new vvorld containing the original of the inhabitants, and the remarkable voyages thither, the conquest of the vast empires of Mexico and Peru and other large provinces and territories : with the several European plantations in those parts : also their cities, fortresses, towns, temples, mountains, and rivers : their habits, customs, manners, and religions, their plants, beasts, birds, and serpents : with an appendix containing, besides several other considerable additions, a brief survey of what hath been discover'd of the unknown south-land and the arctick region : collected from most authentick authors, augmented with later observations, and adorn'd with maps and sculptures / by John Ogilby ...	Ogilby, John, 1600-1676.; Montanus, Arnoldus, 1625?-1683. Nieuwe en onbekende weereld.	1671 (1671)	Wing O165; ESTC R16958	774,956	643

hundred Houses on fire yet they Could discern no likely issue thereof but judg'd it best to make their escape by Night over the nearest Bridge Cortez therefore dividing his gotten Treasures which amounted to above seven hundred thousand Duckets amongst his Soldiers carried Montezuma's Son and two Daughters Prisoners with him though not without infinite danger and loss for the Tenustitans assail'd him on both sides and falling in also upon his Rear spar'd not to kill Montezuma's own Children In this last Fight the Service was so hot Spaniards beaten aftersh that Cortez lost forty two Horse a hundred and fifty Spaniards and two thousand Auxiliaries and although gotten over the Lake they were still pursu'd by the Mexicans who would then undoubtedly have made a general Slaughter had not Cortez amused the Enemies by leaving in the Night great Fires in several Places his suppos'd Camps whilst he silently stole away Yet the Tenustitans would have pursu'd the Spaniards had they not wanted Provisions But Cortez sending his Treasure before him through the Countrey Colva to Vera Crux with a Convoy of five Horse and forty four Foot were all cut off by the Colvaans and feasted upon in a Thanksgiving Sacrifice The same misfortune befel twelve Spaniards in Tepeacu which great City surrendred it self up to Cortez Remarkable Exploits of Cortez being assisted by a mighty Army of Tlaxcallans and others But after all these Losses he took Guaccachiulla and Izzuca both fortified with strong Walls and Gates in which last he burnt above a hundred Temples built for Humane Sacrifices All the Countrey through which he thus ransack'd he call'd New-Spain From the City Tazuco which he had newly taken intending to besiege Tenustitan he digg'd through the Lakes a broad Trench of above three Leagues in length to bring up thirteen new Ships to Tenustitan and the neighboring People envying that that City should not be conquer'd as well as theirs rais'd an Army of above a hundred and fifty thousand Men making Cortez their General Himself incamped on one corner of the City appointing the other two sides to be invested by Gonsales Sandovalo and Pedro Alvarado but the Besieg'd resolutely broke out and made a fierce Sally with five thousand Boats setting upon the thirteen Ships but the great Guns made such execution and havock amongst them that they retreated with great damage Whoever were taken Prisoners in this Fight by the Spaniards the Tlaxcallans being Commission'd by Cortez feasted upon Tenustitan or Mexico taken On the seventh day the City was taken but not without great Slaughter and the new King imprison'd After this mighty Conquest Cortez resolv'd to discover those Territories that lay Southward and whilst he was making all things ready for the Voyage he sent two Ships with an invaluable Treasure to Spain who fearing to be taken by the French Pyrats ran in at Tercera Sad accident occasion'd by a Tyger where a miserable Accident hapned to the Seamen of the biggest Ship wherein were carried two Tygers which though taken young and bred up amongst men yet had not so quite forgotten their natural ferocity but that one breaking loose in the Night tore seven of them in pieces hurting a far greater number of which some had the Brawns of their Arms the Calves of their Legs and fleshy parts of their Thighs bit out Several Places in America breed Tygers that far exceed Lyons in fierceness so that where any considerable number of them frequents though the Soil be never so fruitful yet it is left desolate and forsaken But the Baboons that frequent the Woods are more pleasant Strange Battel with Baboons and less dangerous Peter Arias relates That his whole Army incountred with these Beasts which climb'd from one Tree to the other shrieking and making very strange Gesticulations to those that were gone before and gathering their Mouths and Hands full of Stones which they threw as exact and strongly as a Man When one of these Baboons shot by a Musquet fell to the Ground the rest gave such a horrible shriek that the Woods resounding with the noise strook a terror into the Spaniards Amongst several things that hapned in this Counter-scuffle take this one A Spaniard taking aim with his Musquet at an old Baboon which sate pearch'd up in a Tree and being now just ready to give Fire the Baboon Soldier at the very instant to break the Shot taking a Stone out of his Mouth threw it exactly into the Mans Mouth with such force as beat out some of his Teeth with which sudden blow surpris'd he lost his Mark and the proud Foe shewing signs of Triumph went his way But whilst Cortez staid in the Countrey of Tenustitan now call'd Mexico Franciscus Garajus sail'd out of the Haven of Jamaica with eleven Ships to the River Panucus there according to the Command of the Emperor Charles to plant a Colony Whereupon he went ashore ordering his Fleet to sail along in sight of Land So wading through the River Montaltus which glides between high Mountains he came to a Morassy Ground in which he and they often sunk almost up to the Middle and lost his way in a Thicket of young Trees yet at last being come to the River Panucus he found several high Walls Great destruction being the Ruines of Fortresses Temples and Towers destroy'd by Cortez so that the City lay quite desolate Twenty Leagues further upon the Banks of the same River Cortez had in like manner sack'd and destroy'd Chiglia a Town which before its burning reckon'd above twenty thousand Houses besides many fair Palaces Walls Towers and Temples Which Cruelties and Spoil had bred so great an Odium in the Inhabitants against the Spaniards that they immediately sent an Army against Garajus The unfortunate Expedition of Garajus who had only a few half-starv'd Men with him yet he receiv'd the Enemy twice in his Retreat to the new Colony St. Steven rais'd out of Chiglia's Ruines but finding no Provisions where-ever he came he judg'd it fittest to send his Horse into the Countrey to Forage which Cortez meeting took Prisoners under pretence that Garajus came to take Possession where he had neither Authority nor Right Cortez also made himself Master of Garajus Ship and Fleet commanding him withal to appear in Tenustitan which not knowing how to avoid he obey'd His People mean time ranging up and down without a Head or Commander either died by Famine or were murther'd and eaten by the Natives for at one time the Americans made a general Feast with two hundred and fifty rosted Spaniards Spaniards tosted But their days of Triumph lasted not long for Sandovalus one of Cortez his Prime Officers set with so much fury upon those Cannibals that he kill'd several thousands of them and burnt sixty Persons of Prime Quality all Commanders in the sight of their Friends and Relations But Garajus whose Son was married to Cortez his Daughter liv'd not long after the

This Bridge being eighty six Rods long of durable Timber was finish'd in seven Weeks His Pleasure-house Bonovista Moreover Grave Maurice built a pleasant Banquetting-house call'd Bonavista at his own Charge before the said Bridge from whence he could see the Palace Freyburgh Olinda the Fort Ernestus Maurice-stadt Reciffa the French Church the Ships in the Harbors and also the Castle Frederick Henrick This Banquetting-house hath at each corner a Turret and in the middle thereof a spacious Room crown'd with a fair Terrace BOAVISTA A. Fluvius Capibaribi B. Domus Boavista sivi boni visus C. Pons D. Palatium Friburgum E. Mauritiopolis F. Templum Gallicum G. Castrum Ernesti H. Castrum Fred. Henrici I. Reciffa K. Reciffa lapidosa L. Naves portu contentae M. Olinda eminus visa CHAP. VIII Guiana Situation and Description of Guiana NOrthward of Brasile over against Maragnan lieth the Countrey of Guiana not improbably suppos'd to be so call'd from the River Wia one of the principal Rivers of the Province which yet is said to have more and fairer than any other part of America besides It is by some call'd The Wild Coast for what reason is uncertain it being found to be a very fruitful and pleasant Countrey It is Bounded on the East with the Atlantick Ocean or Mare del Nordt on the West with some undiscover'd mountainous Countreys which lie on that side of the Andes on the North it hath the great River Orenoque and on the South that of the Amazons or Orellana which last Name as we have said before it derives from Francisco Orellana who is said to have first discover'd it in the Year 1543. It was anciently call'd Tobo Topoi and Tapera This Countrey lieth on both sides of the Aequator extended from the fourth Degree of Southern Latitude to the eighth Degree of Northern yet enjoyeth a temperate and good Air not oppressed with any excessive Heat which is chiefly attributed to the Breezes or Easterly Winds almost perpetually about Noon blowing upon it Towards the Sea-side it is for the most part a flat and level Countrey in the more Inland parts mountainous and swell'd with Hills but in all it is generally of such a rich and fertile Soil that for Fruits or any outward Commodities of the Earth it yields not to any other Province of the New World but rather far excelleth the most having as it were a continual Summer without Winter or Autumn the Trees never uncloth'd or made bare Fruits always ripe or growing to maturity the Meadows and Pastures always verdant and green and as we said so excellently well water'd with Rivers that no Countrey in the World seems comparable to it in this respect But since the several Occurrences of Orellana's Expedition will give much light to the more particular knowledge of these Parts we thought good to insert this following Relation thereof SECT II. A Relation of the Journey of Francisco Orellana ARX NASSOVII The Expedition of Orellana Orellana informing the Spanish Court of his Adventures desir'd the chief Command of the Province of the Amazones which after earnest Sollicitations he obtain'd and accordingly setting Sail from St. Lucar he went to the Island Teneriff with three Ships and five hundred Men where he stay'd three Moneths and two on Cape de Verd. On Teneriff several of his Men ran from him and on Cape de Verd he bury'd ninety eight and left fifty sick behind him yet he Steer'd to Brasile where meeting with contrary Winds he had undoubtedly perish'd for lack of Water if the great Showers of Rain had not supply'd his Wants one of his Ships carrying seventy Men and eleven Horses was never heard of with the other two he Sail'd by Baxos de San Roque and from thence a hundred Leagues Northwardly beyond Maragnan where a great way off at Sea they found fresh Water in which Orellano Steering got between the Isles into the River De las Amazones where he Barter'd for Provisions Sail'd two Leagues up the River and came to an Anchor before a few Huts but slenderly stor'd with Provisions where he spent three Moneths in breaking up one of his Ships and building a Ketch In the mean time fifty seven of his Seamen dy'd Sailing twenty Leagues farther he lost his best Ship whereupon he gave order to build a Barque of the Wreck Thus he spent thirty days in vain to find the fore mention'd Arm of the River Amazones the Barque being finish'd in ten Weeks and going beyond the Isles Maribique and Contan found the three great Rivers to disembogue into the River Amazones which there was twelve Leagues broad but wanting Provisions and the Men being too weak to go farther they came back to the fruitful Island Comao where a hundred Spaniards setled themselves the rest going down with the Barque to find out Orellana who as his Wife inform'd them dy'd with Grief He dies with Grief The English and Netherlanders who Sail'd hither after the Spaniards left off ascribe a Breadth of fifty or sixty Leagues to the Mouth of the Amazone River which discharges its Water with such force into the Northern Ocean that it keeps its colour and taste above thirty Leagues according to the ocular testimony of Captain Harcourt The Western Point by the Netherlanders call'd The North Cape runs with a long Slip of low Land into the Sea into which more North-Westerly fall the Streams Taponnowyny Arowary Arykary Cassepouri and Wiapoca some of them wash great Wildernesses full of Trees others glide between pleasant Meadows Eighty Leagues up the Amazone River the Vlussingers have built a Fort call'd Nassaw on the narrow Island Cogemines which is twenty Leagues long and separated from the Shore by a Creek and seven Leagues farther on another Isle the Fort Orange from which two Forts they Trade with the Natives Arowaccas and Apehous bartering European Trifles for Tobacco Cotton Sugar Gums and several Tinctures Sir Walter Raleigh sends Fisher to discover Cooshebery Province Sir Walter Raleigh Anno 1595. sending Captain Fisher from Wiapoco to Leonard Ragapo some years before Baptiz'd in England and then Governor of the Province Cooshebery lying between the Amazone River and Wapoco he receiv'd Fisher very civilly and conducted him fifty Leagues up into the Countrey to the Mountain Cowob on whose top is a deep Pool full of well tasted Fish and surrounded with the glittering Stones Topaz which Raleigh took the more notice of because the same Ground in the East-Indies where these Stones are found incloses also Diamonds Moreover the Province Cooshebery rises with pleasant Hills but consists most in delightful Fields and Woods The River Arocawo falling into the Inlet Wiapoco disembogues also with the same between the Capes Orange and Comariboo into the Northern Ocean Most of the Rivers in Guiana lie full of Isles and cannot be Navigated far by reason of the great Water-falls The Yayos The Yayos who inhabit on the Banks of the fore-mention'd River are People of

Description of the Countrey Extracted from the Iseland Chronicle is look'd upon by a late French Writer of note as the most particular and faithful however the Danish Chronicle differs in many things and amongst others in this that not the hundredth part of Groenland is possess'd by the Norwegians but that there inhabit several different sorts of People of different Fashions and Governments altogether unknown to the Norwegians Temperature of Groenland Groenland notwithstanding its Northerly Situation is reported to be a Countrey not unfertile of Corn and other Productions of the Earth and in respect of its verdant Aspect at some Seasons of the Year above the rest of those Septentrional Regions it is concluded to have merited the Name of Groenland i. e. Greenland nay so great is the Heat that is said to be there during the Moneths of June July and August by reason of the reverberation of the Sun-beams from the Rocks that many times there is but six Weeks space betwixt Seed-time and Harvest What sort of Animals breed there The Beasts which are said to breed here in great numbers are Horses Deer Foxes Hares Bears both black and white common Wolves and a sort of Beast between a Deer and a Wolf besides great store of Beavers and Martins as the Iseland Chronicle testifies whose Furr in fineness may compare with the Sables of Russia There are also Gerfalcons in abundance both white and grey of so delicate a kind that they were in ancient times sent to the Kings of Denmark as Presents of great rarity The Seas about Greenland abound in very many sorts of Fish as Sea-Wolves Sea-Dogs Sea-Calves and above all incredible numbers of Whales of a vast bigness Strange kind of Horn found there But the most remarkable Commodity of this Countrey is a kind of Horn commonly call'd the Licornes or Unicorns-Horn which is found there in great quantities and great store of it is to be seen in Denmark some whole some in great pieces sometimes onely the Ends or Stumps but since it appears very different from all other kind of Horn there is great Question made amongst Naturalists whether it be Horn or Tooth and if Horn whether the Horn of a Beast or Fish but it is discover'd of late to be the Horn or rather Tusk of a certain Fish which the Islanders call Narhual being indeed a kind of Whale as the Name seems to imply signifying a Whale which feeds upon Carcases The chief Voyagers thither This Countrey is call'd by the Natives Secanunga who was the first Discoverer thereof is not certainly known but the first chief Voyagers thither were of the Dutch William Barents or Barentson of Amsterdam who set forth towards those Parts in the Year 1594. and before him Dithmar Blefkens in the Year 1563. of the English Mr. James Hall who set out from Copenhagen in Denmark Anno 1605. and in a second Voyage was slain by a Salvage of the Countrey The Coastings Havens and Creeks of Groenland The Coastings Courses Havens and Creeks of Groenland according as Barentson receiv'd an Account of them from Iver Boty a Groenlander written in the Norsh Language as it is call'd are as followeth From Stad in Norway to Hornness the East part of Groenland it is seven days Sailing Between Iseland and Groenland lieth a Riff call'd Gombornse-skare the Ice lying upon which hindreth the Passage Those that Sail from Bergen in Norway South of Rokeness in Iseland come under Swafster a Promontory or high Land in the East part of Groenland and within sight of the high Mount Whitsark between which and Groenland lieth a Headland call'd Hernoldus Hook not far from Sound-Haven formerly much frequented by the Norway Merchants Those that Sail from Iseland to Groenland Steer to Snoffness West of Rokeness and after South-West East of Hernoldus Hook lieth the Village of Skagenford the most Easterly Village of the Island East of Skagenford the Haven Bearford inaccessible by Ships by reason of a great Riff lying at the Mouth thereof This Place is chiefly remarkable for the Whale-fishing the Whales upon the going back of the Tide running into a great Swalth as they call it which is in the Haven East of Bearford is the Haven call'd Allabong-Sound full of little Isles East from the Icy Mountain the aforemention'd Haven Fendobothes Farther East is the Highland Corse Hought where they Hunt white Bears West from Hernoldus Hook is the Village Codosford and hard by the Sea-Coast a fair Church which we conceive to be the same with Korsekirk above spoken of as Codosford may also probably be the same with Kindelfiord A little farther West lieth the Boy or Town of Wartsdale for in the Norsh Language Boy signifies a Town belonging to Petresuik or Peterswike Church Near this Boy or Town standeth a Cloyster or Abbey of Canons Regular dedicated to St. Olafe and St. Augustine Next to Codosford is Rompnesford the same questionless with the above-mention'd Rumpesinfiord where there is a Cloyster of Nuns of the Order of St. Benedict In this Ford lie many small Isles Between Rompness and the next Sound lieth a great Garden call'd Vose belonging to the King of the Countrey as also St. Nicholas Church before mention'd At the entrance into Emnestnesford is the Inlet Southwoderswike and somewhat higher on the same side the little Cape Bloming beyond the Inlet Granwike above that the Garden call'd Daleth belonging to the Cathedral Church and on the right-hand to those that Sail out of the said Sound a great Wood belonging to the same Church where they feed their Oxen Kine and Horses The Highland lying by Emestnesford is call'd The Ramas Hayth from the Rain-Deer which use to be there Hunted And hereabouts is that sort of Stone of which they make large Fat 's or Cisterns as hath been before intimated it is by some call'd the Zevell-Stone being a sort of Marble or as some will have it Load-stone of all colours West from this lieth another Highland call'd Long-Highland The next Sound is call'd Swalterford having a Church belongining to it of the same Name and where there is also a Garden belonging to the King call'd St. Hentelstad Next to that lieth Erricksford and at the entrance thereof the Highland Erricks Hought belonging to Deverskirk the first Parochial Church in Groenland North-West from Erricksford is Megdenford Farther out is a Church call'd Scogelkirk and farther in the Sound Leadenkirk Beyond Erricksford is another Ford or Sound by the Name of Fossa belonging to the Cathedral Church and to the North of it two Villages Ever-boy and Forther-boy From thence farther North lieth Bredaford and after that Lormontford and from thence Westward Icedeep To the North of the Westland lieth a spacious Wilderness call'd Hemel Hatsfelt and Edg'd with massie Rocks and Cliffs towards the Sea side beyond which the Sea is innavigable by reason of the many Swalgen or Whirlpools thereabouts In Groenland there are divers Hills wherein are Silver-Mines multitudes of

the Prince of Latin Poets Aeneid lib. 6. had known the New-World in these Verses Aeneid lib. 6. There there 's the Prince oft promis'd us before Divine Augustus Caesar who once more Shall Golden Days bring to th' Ausonian Land Kingdoms that once old Saturn did command And shall His power to India extend Beyond the Annual Circle and beyond The Sun 's long Progress where great Atlas bears Laden with Golden Stars the glittering Sphears Hic vir hic est tibi quem promitti saepius audis Augustus Caesar divûm genus aurea condet Saecula qui rursus Latio regnata per arva Saturno quondam super Garamantas Indos Proferet imperium Jacet extra sidera tellus Extra anni Solisque vias ubi coelifer Atlas Axem humero torquet stellis ardentibus aptum America was not known to the Ancients But what of all this Who finds in any of these Writings any Marks of America or the least Description thereof Though we cannot deny that the Antient Sages and Wise Philosophers of former times might easily make out and no question did that the Earth and Sea made the perfect Figure of a Globe first from the round Shadow of the Earth that Ecclipses the Moon the different Risings and Settings of the Celestial Luminaries and the still Variation of the Pole so that the Earth and Sea making one Ball they might easily conjecture that the South-side of the Equinoctial might be Inhabited as well as the North But all this was more grounded upon Natural Reason and Right Judgement than any Experience of theirs or the least certain knowledge thereof which since these later times had the first happiness to obtain so laying these Conjectures aside there have been none more grosly erroneous and so utterly mistaken in this Point than some of the Ancients and especially the Fathers of the Church Lactantius Firmianus Lactant. l. 3. c. 24. and St. Austin who strangely jear'd at as ridiculous and not thinking fit for a Serious Answer the Foolish Opinion of Antipodes or another Habitable World beyond the Equator At which Lactantius Drolling says What Forsooth here is a fine Opinion broach'd indeed an Antipodes heigh-day People whose Feet tread with ours and walk Foot to Foot with us their Heads downwards and yet drop not into the Sky There yes very likely the Trees loaden with Fruit grow downwards and it Rains Hails and Snows upwards the Roofs and Spires of Cities tops of Mountains point at the Sky beneath them and the Rivers revers'd topsi-turvy ready to flow into the Air out of their Channels Lactant. error concerning our Antipodes But these seeming witty Observations of Lactantius though they may serve for a Jest yet are not grounded on any serious Reasons for the Earth and Sea being Globular making one Universal Ball all Materials whatsoever that belong to this great Body sink by a natural Propensity towards its Center so that where-ever we Travel our Feet are downwards and our Heads upwards the Sky above and the Earth beneath neither need they fear that any where the Earth should Moulder and drop into the Clouds As also St. Austin de Civit Del l. 16. c. 9. But St. Austin Reasons better admitting that the Earth and Sea make a Universal Globe yet it no way follows that inhabited Countreys should lye opposite to our Northern nay altogether impossible seeing that side which is our Antipodes is all nothing but Sea and should we allow that there were Land and Water mixt as ours is who could prove that they were Peopled or how could any get thither over such Vast and Immense Seas or possibly pass the extream heat of the Torrid Zone not to be endur'd by any living Creature And what then becomes of Sacred Scripture which says positively That all Men were deriv'd from Adam and after the Floud from Noah and his three Sons Therefore the Nations of the Antipodes must be of another Abstract there being no possibility as they suppos'd of passing from this World to that But since the Discovery of the East and West-Indies Experience the best Mistress hath taught that in the South are mighty Lands and vast Territories and that as far as they have been Penetrated are found to be full of People extending their Dominions from East to West And though St. Austin deny'd this now well-known Truth yet long before his time Cicero Pliny and others amongst the Greeks and Romans divided the Earth under five Zones which Virgil describes thus Five Zones the heav'ns infold hot Sun-beams beat Always on one and burns with raging heat The two Extreams to this on each hand lies Muffled with Storms fetter'd with cruel Ice 'Twixt Cold and Heat two more there are th'aboads Assign'd poor Mortals by th' Immortal Gods Quinque tenent caelum zonae quarum una corusco Semper Sole rubens torrida semper ab igni Quam circum extremae dextra laevaque trahuntur Caerulea glacie concretae atque imbribus atris Has inter mediamque duae mortalibus aegris Munere concessae divum via secta per ambas Obliquus qua se signorum verteret ordo Marcob in Somnio Scipionis l. 2. c. 5. Vide Carpent Geograph With Virgil Pliny and the Prince of Latin Orators agree who saith You see that those that inhabit the Earth dwell in Countreys so separated one from another that it is impossible they should have any Commerce some of them are our Antipodes walking with their Heads downwards some their Feet against our sides others as we with their Heads upright You see how the same Earth seems to be Swath'd about with Rolls of which two separated by the other three are at utmost distance one from the other lying equi-distant under the Vertick Points of Heaven always cover'd with Snow and Ice but the middlemost and greatest is scorch'd by the violent heats of the Sun Two Tracts are Habitable one to the South our Antipodes the other North which we Inhabit And Pliny also affirms Pliny lib. 2. though against the Vulgar Opinion this truth That the Earth is round about inhabited and that people walk Foot to Foot in most parts thereof though every one be ready to ask why our Antipodes drop not into the Sky which question our Antipodes may also ask concerning us But although the Ancients upon these and the like Demonstrations well understood that there was a Habitable World towards the South under our Horizon yet they could not make out or believe that there was any possibility to pass thither And according as St. Austin conceiv'd That the Earth produc'd nothing under either Pole by reason of excessive cold and that the Equinoxs or Middle-Zone was not to be penetrated because of the insufferable heat Macrob. in Somno Scip. lib. 2. And Macrobius saith That the Equinoctial Circle the Artick and Antartick Lines bind the two Habitable Zones and make Temperate by the excessive Neighboring Heats and Colds and

since found by credible Navigators and therefore we cannot depend on Zeno's Discovery The Ameriecan Tongue is nothing like the Norwegian John de Laet accounts it a great mistake in Grotius that as a testimony of the Americans original out of Norway he compares their Languages He reckons up some Places to be Northward of Panama which end their words with the syllable Lan in stead of Land because the Spaniards have left out the Letter D at the end thereof It is certain that in the Northern America lie Cimatlan Coatlan Guescolan Artlan Quaxutatlan Icatlan Tapatlan Cinacatlan Tenuchitlan Comitlan Metzitlan Guatitlan Necotitlan Curcatatlan Besides that most of these Names are not of Countreys but of Towns and Villages and therefore no ways fitting to have the termination of Land and it is well known that many ny American words end with Lan which signifie nothing less than Land for the Mexicans say Puertatitlan which signifies At the Gate below Ochachitlantzitlan Yet lower Tenoxtitlan this City is also call'd from her Founder Mexis Mexico that is Rests on a Rock Moreover it may not without reason seem strange to any that the Northern Americans have remembred but three Cities out of all the Teutonick Tongue viz. Lan in stead Land Groenland when discovered Concerning Groenland through which the Norwegians are thought to have travell'd to America Lysander witnesseth Serm. 3. Antiq. Da●●● That it was accidentally discover'd by one Eric Rauder Anno 987. and planted thirteen years after Olaus King of Norway plac'd two Bishops over the new Inhabitants as Substitutes to the Archbishop of Dronthen For four Ages they Sail'd frequently to Groenland but since their King was impoverish'd by War they left off that Trade We find not in any Author that the Norwegians which liv'd along the Sea-shore ever went to seek a Way over the inaccessible Snowy Mountains of Groenland to this our New World Besides Grotius stands for the Norwegians as Planters upon testimony of the Mexicans themselves who told the Spaniards That their Ancestors which planted there came from the North first setling themselves on Estotiland where to this day there are not improbable proofs by several remarks that they were a Norwegian Colony The opinion conce●●●● the City Norumbega 〈◊〉 America In the American City Norumbega live a People that speak the same Language and observe the same Customs with the Mexicans In this by-Corner are found also some Alavards or Longobards or Lombards as they say Now the Spaniards call that New Mexico because last discover'd though indeed the old cramm'd with People eight hundred years since for the Mexicans of New Mexico do not lie so far Northerly as to the North-west for this Mexico lies in sight of California which is believ'd to border on Tartary or at least separated from it by a narrow Channel But Norumbega if ever such a Place was must according to the West-Indian Records have been situate where a part of New France lies now planted by the English between which and New Mexico lies an almost unmeasurable vast Tract of Land Mean while here is not the least sign of this City Norumbega to be found neither do the Inhabitants dwell in Cities but live in Tents or moveable Villages which change their Names as oft as their Governors Moreover the Norwegians could not get to this Norumbega by Land through Ysland and Groenland to Estotiland because of the vast Bays and great Midland-Sea discover'd by the English in their North-western Discoveries so that leaving Estotiland it was altogether impossible for them to come to Norumbega Hereto may be added what the Mexicans say of themselves who acknowledge That travelling from the North they did not find an un-inhabited Countrey before them but were forc'd to make their Way by a long and bloody War with the Chichimecen a salvage People Chichimecen that knew neither Laws or Religion The People also dwelling opposite to California differ from the Customs of the Mexicans being divided into several People of contrary Constitutions and as different Languages They are so much inclin'd to Gaming that they venture their Liberty at it Every one is satisfi'd with one Wife except some of the Nobility which oftentimes have more They throw up high Banks in several places to damm out the Sea believe the Immortality of the Soul every one eats at a peculiar Table most of them go naked onely caver their Pudenda with a Cloth some Sacrifice and eat Mans-flesh all which according to Tacitus Pliny Lucan and other Roman Writers was observ'd by the antient Germans from whom those that inhabit between the Norwegian Mountains were extracted These Allegations to make the Norwegians to be the Parents of the Northern Americans John de Laet thus contradicts It no ways follows that one People take original from the other because here and there are several words found that have the same signification and sound in divers Countreys much less when they must either add change or diminish several Letters Moreover there is no small mistake in the compar'd words for Pagod is not us'd all over America the East-Indians about the River Indus call their Idol-Temples Pagod or Pagode the word Guaira is no where us'd in America but by the Peruvians and with them not signifying a Fan but a little Oven neither is Ilama a Lamb for before the coming of the Spaniards thither neither Sheep nor Lambs were ever seen in Peru but a Wool-bearing Beast thus describ'd by Joseph de Acosta A description of the strange Beast Ilama in Peru. Ilama says he a four-footed Creature furnishes its Master with Meat and Clothing and supplies the office of a Beast for Burthens and at no charge for Hay nor Provender well satisfi'd with what he finds in the Ways or Mountains But the Ilama's are of two sorts either woolly or short-hair'd the first go by the Name Pacos the other Moromoro being not much less than a Calf with a long Neck like a Camel but of several colours for some are white some black and others speckled having an odd Look especially when they are ty'd and stand still without any motion staring with goggle-eyes on their Owners Sometimes in a moody humor upon a sudden taking a freak they run up to the top of almost inaccessible Mountains where both the frantick Beast and his Burthen are loft The Pacos sometimes likewise takes sudden Pets and fustian Fits often doing the forward Supersalt tumbling over and over with their Goods and will not be rais'd their moodiness continuing with beating nay though they cut them to pieces but the best way is to sit down by them and wait some hours till their humor being spent they rise again of their own accords These Beasts are much inclin'd to a Disease call'd Carashe or the Mange of which they generally die and because the Disease is very catching they straight bury the infected alive so the better to preserve the rest Grotius also mistakes when

Battel in revenge of some former Injuries done by the Troquois to the Algovinquins who had the Victory for which cause the French have been so hated ever since by the Nation of the Troquois that none of them durst ever appear in any part of that Lake But their Trade said to be sixteen thousand Beavers yearly is partly sold to the Dutch who Trade with the West-end of the said Lake over Land by Horses from their Plantation upon Hudson's River and another part is conceiv'd to be purchas'd by the Hiroons who being Newters are Friends both to the one and the other and these Hiroons bring down the greatest part of all by the River of Canada The Way over Land to this great Lake from the Plantation of Pascataway hath been attempted by Captain Walter Neale once Governor at the Charges of Sir Ferdinando Gorges Captain Mason and some Merchants of London and the Discovery wanted but one days Journey of finishing because their Victuals was spent which for want of Horses they were enforc'd to carry with their Arms and their Clothes upon their Backs They intended to have made a settlement for Trade by Pinnaces upon the said Lake which they reckon to be about ninety or a hundred Miles from the Plantation over Land The People of the Countrey are given to Hunting of wild Beasts which is their chiefest Food Their Arms are Bowes and Arrows Their Armor is made partly of Wood and partly of a kind of twisted Stuff like Cotton-Wool Their Meat is Flour of Indian Corn of that Countreys growth sodden to Pap which they preserve for times of Necessity when they cannot Hunt This Province of Laconia however known by a distinct Name is included within the Province of Main which offers it self next to our consideration Of the Province of Main All that part of the Continent of New England which was allotted by Patent to Sir Ferdinando Gorges and to his Heirs he thought fit to call by the Name of The Province of Main It takes it beginning at the entrance of Pascatoway Harbor and so passeth up the same into the River of Newichwavoch and through the same unto the farthest Head thereof and from thence North-Westwards for the space of a hundred and twenty Miles and from the Mouth of Pascatoway Harbor aforesaid North-Eastward along the Sea-Coast to Sagadehock and up the River thereof to Kinibequy River even as far as the Head thereof and into the Land North-Westwards for the space of a hundred and twenty Miles To these Territories are also adjoyn'd the North half of the Isles of Sholes together with the Isles of Capawick and Nautican as also all the little Islands lying within five Leagues of the Main all along the Sea-Coast between the aforesaid Rivers of Pascatoway and Sagadehock He no sooner had this Province setled upon him but he gave publick notice That if any one would undertake by himself and his Associates to Transport a competent number of Inhabitants to Plant in any part of his Limits he would assign unto him or them such a proportion of Land as should in reason satisfie them reserving onely to himself some small High-Rent as 2 s. or 2 s. 6 d. for a hundred Acres per Annum and if they went about to build any Town or City he would Endow them with such Liberties and Immunities as should make them capable to Govern themselves within their own Limits according to the Liberties granted to any Town or Corporation within this Realm of England And as for others of the meaner sort who went as Tenants that they should have such quantities of Land assign'd them as they were able to manage at the Rate of 4 d. or 6 d. an Acre according to the nature or situation of the Place they settle in And for the Division of the Province and the Form of Government which he intended to Establish he first divided the Province into several Parts and those again he subdivided into distinct Regiments as East West North and South those again into several Hundreds Parishes and Tythings and these to have their several Officers to Govern according to such Laws as should be agreed upon by publick Assent of the Free-holders with the approbation of himself or Deputy and the principal Officers of the publick State The setled Government for the general State to whom all Appeals were to be made and from whom all Instructions for the welfare of the Publick were to issue were to consist of himself or his Deputy who was to be chosen every three year by himself with the advice of his Council Next a Chancellor for the determination of all Causes A Treasurer to whom the care of the publick Revenue was to be committed A Marshal whose Office was to oversee the Regiments and to provide Men for publick Service An Admiral to take care of all Maritime Affairs to whom a Judge of the Admiralty was to be joyn'd to determine all Maritime Causes A Master of the Ordnance to look to the publick Arms and Ammunition A Secretary to receive Intelligence and to acquaint himself or Deputy therewith To these belong all their several Officers and Ministers for the Execution of all Matters proper to their several Places The chief Town of this Province is call'd Gorgiana which is Govern'd by a Mayor the rest are onely inconsiderable Villages or scatter'd Houses but through Encouragement given to Adventurers and Planters it may prove in time a very flourishing Place and be replenish'd with many fair Towns and Cities it being a Province both fruitful and pleasant SECT II. New Netherland now call'd New York THat Tract of Land formerly call'd The New Netherland doth contain all that Land which lieth in the North parts of America betwixt New England and Mary-Land the length of which Northward into the Countrey as it hath not been fully discover'd so it is not certainly known The breadth of it is about two hundred Miles The principal Rivers within this Tract are Hudson's-River Raritan-River Delaware-Bay-River The chief Islands are the Manhatans-Island Long-Island and Staten-Island The first which discover'd this Countrey was Henry Hudson who being hir'd by the East-India Company to seek a Passage in the Northern America to China set Sail Anno 1609. in the Half-Moon Frigat coming before Terre-neuff he stood about towards the South-West where Sailing up a great River he found two Men Clad in in Ruffelo's Skins and from thence arriv'd safe at Amsterdam New Netherland thus discover'd invited many Merchants to settle a firm Plantation there to which purpose they obtain'd Letters Patents in 1614. granted them by the States in the Hague That they might onely Traffick to New Netherland whereupon they earnestly prosecuting the Design sent out Adrian Block and Godyn who discover'd several Coasts Isles Havens and Rivers NOVI BEL●● Quod nune NOVI JORCK vocatur NOVAE que ANGLIAE Partis Virginiae Accuratissima et Novissima Delineatio After His Majesties Restauration His Majesty being truly

and from thence to the River Omapalchas inhabited on both sides by the Cheriabones and Marquires who oppos'd him in his crossing over the River but meeting with nothing but barren Commons he travell'd up along the River and view'd the Countreys Moios Cochabamba and Chuguiabo from whence he return'd to Collao having lost most of his People by Hunger and Hardship But not long after others went over the Andes to the Countreys which extend themselves East and West some whereof travell'd through Camata and others through Cochabamba Towns and Places of note The principal Towns and Places of Trade in it are 1. Bombon situate upon the Lake Chinchacocha said to be ten Leagues in compass begirt round about almost with Hills and having neighborhood with many other lesser but pleasant Villages 2. Parcos once a Palace Royal of the Ingas seated on the top of a little Hill encompass'd with other Rocky and higher Mountains on all sides 3. San Juan de Vittoria which the Marquess Pizarro built Anno 1539. to secure the Way between Lima and Cusco from the Assaults of the Peruvians before he absolutely conquer'd this Kingdom the Walls are wash'd by a sweet Stream to the great convenience of the Citizens 4. Guamanga a City lying in a pleasant Plain under a healthful Climate built with Stone-houses cover'd with Tyles the Owners whereof have great store of Land which they Sowe with Wheat and also breed plenty of Cattel To this City which is adorn'd with three Churches five Cloysters and a large Alms-house above thirty thousand Peruvians bring annual Tribute The Mines produce Gold Silver Copper Iron Lead Sulphur and Load-stones near which grows the poysonous Herb Mio which kills the Cattel that chance to eat thereof In the Woods also hereabouts feeds a Beast whose Piss stinks at a Miles distance This City is by some deliver'd to be the same with San Juan de la Vittoria above mention'd 5. Bilcas another Palace of the Ingas now a good Town of the Natives and situate as is suppos'd in the very midst of the Countrey of Peru. 6. Guancavelica a new Town rais'd from the condition of a very poor Village to a Place of very great Importance and Traffick onely by the Mines of Quicksilver which were first discover'd there in the Year 1566. by Amador Cabrera through the assistance of a Peruvian nam'd Mavincopa This Cabrera selling his Interest for a hundred and fifty thousand Ducats Su'd the Buyer upon pretence that he had sold it above one half under the value whilest this was depending Peter Ferdinando de Valasco came from Mexico to Guamanga to make trial of the cleansing of Silver by Quicksilver and finding it to succeed according to his expectation he sent great quantities of it to Arica and from thence by Land to Potosi The King of Spain is said to receive from this Mine of Guancavelica all his Charges defray'd above a thousand Pound per Annum for his usual fifth part But the antient Natives regarded not these Mines so much for the Quicksilver as for the Vermilion which is found mix'd with it wherewith they delighted very much to paint their Bodies There is great Art now us'd in the separating of the Quicksilver from the Vermilion This Town was long since inhabited by two thousand Spaniards at least and twice as many Natives 7. Cusco which is the Metropolis of the Kingdom of Peru built on a hard Ground surrounded with Mountains under a cold yet wholsom Climate and wash'd by two Rivers which on the East side of Cusco parting one runs direct West and the other Southward The original of the City Cusco One part of the City antiently bore the Denomination of Haran-Cusco and the second Oren-Cusco where the chief Nobility and most antient Families dwelt Concerning the original of this Place the Peruvians say That several Ages past there appear'd three Men call'd Ayrache Aranca and Ajarmango and with them three Women nam'd Mamacola Mamacona and Mamaragua all of them very richly Cloth'd that Ayrache had a Precious Stone at the end of a Truncheon which by holding up he rais'd the Mountains to the Skies and when he let it fall levell'd them with the lowest Valleys Aranca and Ajarmango concluded to build a stately City and sent for People from remote Countries to inhabit it with which Design the Natives thereabouts seem'd to be well pleas'd but before they went to work they judg'd it convenient to destroy Ayrache whose great Power they envy'd This being resolv'd upon they invited him to a deep narrow-mouth'd Cave that there they might worship the Sun his Father for so Descended he took upon him to be he was no sooner entred but the rest shut the Mouth of the Cave with great Stones hoping so to starve him to death which Ayrache observing stood amaz'd a while till at last he threw off all the Stones and flew with great and divers colour'd Wings up into the Air crying aloud Fear not Aranca and Ajarmango though you have design'nd to take away my Life but build a City in this place and call it Cusco for in it shall stand the Seat of the Ingas under whose Jurisdiction on extending far and near many great Nations shall bow The Temple which the Gods have there design'd shall not onely exceed all other Structures in the World in Art and Costliness but be famous for strange Offerings to the Sun If the Citizens build Altars for me burn Myrrh and make Offerings to me they may certainly expect to vanquish all their Enemies and increase their Power According to my Example bore Holes through your Ears as a sign of Obedience All which Aranca Ajarmango and the fore-mention'd Women promis'd to perform Whereupon Ayrache gave them a rich Diadem with a Tassel which was to be the Head-Ornament of the succeeding Ingas which they had no sooner receiv'd but Ayrache and Aranca were turn'd into Stones yet retaining their former shape which Ajarmango observing fell straight together with the three Women upon building the City Cusco After the Deluge breaking out of the Hole Tambo he chang'd his Name of Ajarmango for Mangocapa that is Mighty Lord and made himself as they say the first Peruvian King The City Cusco was divided into four Wards the East call'd Andosayo the South Callasayo the North Chinchasuyo and the West Condesayo every one one so call'd from the Countreys to which the Gates of the four Wards are oppos'd If any one coming out of another Countrey setled himself in Cusco as it hapned daily he was permitted to dwell no where but in that Ward which fronted his native Countrey The four high Streets which through these Wards one way fall into the Market-place being in the middle of the City are the other way answerable to the four principal High-ways viz. that which leads to Quito and Pasto through Chinchasuyo to Arehuipa through Condesuyo to the Mountains Andes through Andesuyo and to Chili through Collasuyo The two Rivers before