right_o measure_v both_o itself_o and_o that_o which_o be_v crooked_a so_o in_o our_o art_n he_o that_o know_v what_o shall_v be_v the_o natural_a disposition_n of_o every_o part_n will_v be_v best_o able_a to_o judge_v when_o nature_n decline_v from_o that_o integrity_n and_o how_o far_o the_o declination_n be_v from_o the_o true_a and_o genuine_a constitution_n this_o part_n indeed_o be_v philosophical_a but_o i_o shall_v make_v it_o so_o plain_a if_o god_n will_v that_o a_o very_a reasonable_a capacity_n shall_v be_v able_a to_o apprehend_v it_o after_o you_o have_v knowledge_n of_o the_o healthful_a and_o sound_a constitution_n which_o be_v the_o rule_n of_o the_o rest_n i_o teach_v the_o nature_n difference_n sign_n and_o prognostic_n of_o disease_n so_o far_o as_o it_o necessary_a a_o chirurgeon_n shall_v know_v that_o be_v to_o say_v of_o tumor_n or_o apostemation_n of_o wound_n ulcer_n fracture_n and_o the_o like_a then_o follow_v the_o method_n of_o cure_v by_o indication_n which_o be_v many_o and_o intricate_a but_o i_o have_v refer_v they_o not_o without_o great_a labour_n to_o outward_a disease_n and_o illustrate_v all_o by_o example_n to_o make_v the_o better_a impression_n in_o your_o mind_n in_o the_o next_o place_n i_o handle_v the_o operation_n of_o chirurgery_n in_o general_a where_o you_o have_v all_o the_o instrument_n of_o your_o art_n engine_n swath_n tie_n band_n and_o ligature_n describe_v by_o hypocrates_n galen_n oribasius_n and_o those_o also_o of_o the_o new_a surgeon_n invention_n with_o their_o figure_n interpretation_n and_o manner_n of_o application_n afterward_o i_o descend_v to_o the_o operation_n in_o particular_a as_o to_o division_n simple_a &_o compound_v simple_a in_o section_n &_o vstion_n compound_v with_o extraction_n and_o extirpation_n to_o junction_n also_o simple_a and_o compound_v simple_a in_o adduction_n adaptation_n and_o the_o way_n how_o to_o contain_v they_o so_o fit_v together_o compound_v with_o addition_n of_o such_o decay_a natural_a part_n as_o may_v be_v restore_v or_o imitate_v by_o art_n then_o i_o come_v to_o the_o cure_n of_o tumour_n of_o all_o kind_n both_o simple_a and_o compound_v of_o wound_n whether_o they_o be_v make_v caesim_fw-la or_o punctim_fw-la by_o contusion_n by_o arrow_n engine_n or_o bullet_n with_o laceration_n or_o with_o out_o of_o the_o byting_n or_o sting_a of_o venomous_a creature_n with_o their_o several_a antidote_n of_o burn_n scalding_n and_o such_o like_a next_o i_o proceed_v to_o ulcer_n putrid_a sordid_a sistulate_v cancerous_a gangrenate_v sphacelate_v and_o such_o as_o be_v virulent_a with_o the_o accident_n that_o use_v to_o accompany_v they_o to_o luxation_n also_o and_o fracture_n with_o their_o kind_n and_o accident_n afterward_o i_o handle_v those_o general_a disease_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o whole_a body_n as_o the_o gout_n the_o leprosy_n the_o meazel_v the_o pox_n of_o both_o kind_n the_o plague_n and_o such_o like_a and_o then_o proceed_v to_o the_o particular_a disease_n from_o the_o head_n to_o the_o foot_n wherein_o the_o surgeon_n help_n be_v require_v final_o i_o entreat_v of_o the_o matter_n of_o chirurgery_n that_o be_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o those_o drug_n herb_n and_o mineral_n which_o he_o have_v need_n to_o use_v of_o their_o correction_n and_o preparation_n of_o the_o manner_n of_o compound_v his_o medicine_n both_o for_o outward_a application_n and_o such_o inward_a as_o may_v conduce_v therewto_fw-mi and_o so_o i_o think_v i_o shall_v have_v finish_v the_o art_n of_o chirurgery_n throughout_o i_o acknowledge_v that_o which_o i_o have_v promise_v to_o be_v a_o great_a labour_n and_o more_o than_o any_o man_n who_o i_o have_v yet_o see_v have_v accomplish_v but_o the_o ground_n be_v long_o a_o go_v lay_v in_o my_o private_a study_n and_o reserence_n continual_o now_o for_o these_o sixteen_o year_n accommodate_v unto_o those_o ground_n have_v bring_v it_o to_o such_o forwardness_n as_o i_o can_v be_v content_a to_o finish_v it_o with_o as_o much_o haste_n as_o my_o occasion_n will_v give_v leave_n if_o i_o see_v that_o this_o anatomicall_a labour_n be_v acceptable_a and_o of_o use_n unto_o you_o i_o know_v well_o there_o be_v some_o who_o think_v and_o do_v not_o stitke_v to_o affirm_v even_o before_o your_o public_a assembly_n that_o you_o have_v mean_n enough_o already_o &_o haply_o more_o than_o they_o will_v you_o have_v their_o reason_n can_v be_v no_o other_o but_o because_o they_o will_v hold_v you_o always_o abnoxious_a to_o themselves_o for_o my_o part_n i_o conceive_v of_o the_o art_n of_o chirurgery_n as_o of_o a_o part_n of_o physic_n and_o therefore_o of_o surgeon_n as_o citizen_n of_o the_o physician_n commonwealth_n the_o difference_n be_v that_o we_o have_v mostwhat_a better_a mean_n by_o education_n to_o advantage_n our_o wit_n apply_v they_o unto_o the_o more_o abstruse_a part_n of_o the_o art_n separate_v from_o the_o sense_n and_o consist_v in_o contemplation_n and_o collection_n the_o chirurgeon_n work_v by_o his_o eye_n and_o with_o his_o hand_n and_o dwell_v as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o confine_n of_o that_o country_n who_o inner_a part_n we_o inhabit_v if_o therefore_o they_o warrant_v the_o frontier_n and_o keep_v their_o station_n well_o and_o due_o therein_o may_v not_o we_o better_o attend_v to_o improove_v the_o portion_n that_o be_v allot_v unto_o we_o but_o we_o be_v both_o like_o covetous_a farmer_n who_o encroach_v upon_o and_o get_v more_o ground_n into_o their_o hand_n then_o they_o can_v well_o manage_v for_o get_v that_o wholesome_a counsel_n of_o the_o wise_a poet_n laudato_n ingentia_fw-la rura_fw-la exiguum_fw-la colito_fw-la praise_v a_o great_a farm_n but_o occupy_v a_o small_a for_o sure_o if_o we_o advise_v well_o with_o ourselves_o physician_n shall_v find_v work_n enough_o though_o they_o meddle_v not_o with_o the_o labour_n of_o the_o hand_n to_o mind_v the_o subject_n of_o their_o art_n i_o mean_v anatomy_n wherein_o too_o many_o of_o we_o be_v want_v to_o ourselves_o and_o other_o the_o cause_n of_o disease_n the_o sign_n of_o the_o part_n affect_v the_o skill_n of_o predication_n the_o method_n of_o cure_v and_o the_o choice_n of_o medicine_n with_o a_o world_n of_o intricate_a work_n beside_o in_o apprehend_v occasion_n expect_v and_o imitate_v the_o motion_n and_o endeavour_n of_o nature_n remove_v her_o obstacle_n strengthen_v her_o operation_n &_o the_o like_a and_o if_o we_o want_v employment_n in_o these_o it_o seem_v to_o i_o more_o fit_a to_o fit_v ourselves_o thereunto_o then_o cast_v behind_o our_o back_n the_o care_n of_o such_o needful_a study_n to_o take_v up_o our_o precious_a time_n in_o dress_v or_o attend_v break_a head_n strain_v or_o lux_v joint_n new_a wound_n or_o old_a ulcer_n or_o in_o play_v the_o apothe_n carry_v as_o some_o do_v who_o under_o the_o name_n of_o cordial_n of_o x._o li._n a_o ounce_n potable_a gold_n precious_a quintessence_n and_o preparation_n of_o mineral_n do_v obtrude_v upon_o the_o world_n either_o notable_a imposture_n or_o dangerous_a poison_n aim_v indeed_o at_o nothing_o so_o much_o if_o at_o any_o thing_n else_o as_o at_o their_o private_a gain_n and_o the_o conceal_n of_o their_o ignorance_n which_o will_v necessary_o be_v detect_v if_o they_o shall_v communicate_v their_o practice_n to_o apothecary_n as_o other_o ingenuous_a physician_n do_v but_o of_o these_o i_o have_v speak_v more_o large_o in_o a_o animadversion_n upon_o crolius_n his_o admonitory_a preface_n in_o latin_a and_o shall_v have_v fit_a occasion_n to_o speak_v more_o elsewhere_o when_o i_o shall_v be_v very_o plain_a against_o those_o that_o come_v in_o my_o way_n to_o return_v whence_o i_o have_v digress_v hypocrates_n the_o father_n and_o author_n of_o physic_n the_o true_a pattern_n of_o ingenuity_n put_v that_o for_o one_o clause_n in_o the_o oath_n which_o himself_o solemn_o take_v and_o which_o he_o will_v have_v all_o physician_n take_v that_o they_o shall_v not_o cut_v any_o man_n for_o the_o stone_n but_o leave_v that_o work_n for_o they_o that_o accustom_v themselves_o to_o perform_v it_o by_o that_o one_o instance_n according_a to_o his_o custom_n interdict_v a_o physician_n all_o manuary_a labour_n as_o know_v he_o shall_v find_v work_n enough_o to_o fit_v his_o mind_n for_o great_a difficulty_n on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o chyrurgean_n shall_v content_v himself_o with_o the_o limit_n of_o his_o profession_n and_o not_o usurp_v upon_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o physician_n which_o he_o do_v sometime_o indeed_o for_o his_o profit_n but_o seldom_o without_o the_o detriment_n of_o the_o patient_a especial_o if_o there_o be_v any_o difficulty_n in_o the_o business_n i_o do_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o a_o chirurgeon_n yea_o a_o divine_a or_o gentleman_n if_o he_o lay_v good_a foundation_n and_o build_v thereafter_o upon_o they_o may_v be_v a_o physician_n as_o well_o and_o as_o good_a as_o the_o
theatre_n but_o supply_v by_o i_o partly_o out_o of_o laurentus_n partly_o out_o of_o those_o dictate_v i_o gather_v from_o petrus_n pavius_n before_o name_v final_o betwixt_o the_o 7_o book_n which_o contain_v the_o history_n of_o the_o upper_a venture_n that_o be_v the_o head_n and_o the_o nine_o of_o the_o loynte_n i_o have_v interpose_v a_o book_n of_o the_o sense_n collect_v out_o of_o bauhine_n laurentius_n and_o julius_n casserius_n placentinus_n who_o write_v very_o accurate_o of_o that_o subject_n many_o of_o who_o disputation_n i_o have_v also_o add_v one_o thing_n i_o crave_v pardon_n for_o above_o all_o the_o rest_n and_o that_o be_v placentinus_n his_o praeface_n before_o the_o controversy_n of_o the_o eight_o book_n which_o indeed_o be_v not_o do_v by_o i_o &_o the_o matter_n itself_o to_o say_v truth_n i_o do_v not_o so_o well_o like_a again_o although_o i_o revise_v the_o press_n or_o rather_o the_o sheet_n &_o proof_n as_o they_o call_v they_o myself_o yet_o be_v sometime_o out_o of_o town_n about_o my_o practice_n &_o often_o though_o in_o town_n yet_o necessary_o call_v away_o from_o attend_v the_o correction_n many_o literal_a fault_n have_v escape_v especial_o in_o the_o greek_a and_o some_o more_o than_o literal_a yet_o few_o such_o as_o will_v stumble_v the_o reader_n and_o few_o it_o may_v be_v then_o can_v be_v imagine_v shall_v escape_v a_o work_n of_o such_o uncouth_a argument_n to_o the_o compositor_n and_o write_v beside_o in_o a_o scholar_n run_v hand_n thus_o much_o i_o think_v good_a to_o advertise_v you_o of_o my_o kind_n and_o worshipful_a friend_n and_o so_o to_o commend_v my_o labour_n to_o your_o good_a acceptance_n and_o your_o honest_a endeavour_n and_o study_n in_o this_o and_o other_o part_n of_o your_o art_n to_o god_n blessing_n from_o my_o house_n in_o s._n anne_n lane_n this_o last_o of_o may_n 1615._o by_o your_o love_v friend_n helkiah_n crook_n the_o content_n of_o the_o several_a book_n contain_v in_o this_o volume_n i._o book_n of_o the_o excellency_n of_o man_n together_o with_o the_o profit_n necessity_n antiquity_n and_o method_n of_o anatomy_n ii_o book_n of_o the_o part_n invest_v and_o contain_v the_o whole_a body_n &_o also_o the_o low_a belly_n in_o particular_a iii_o book_n of_o the_o part_n belong_v unto_o nutrition_n and_o nourishment_n four_o book_n of_o the_o natural_a part_n belong_v to_o generation_n v._o book_n of_o the_o history_n of_o the_o infant_n most_o accurate_o describe_v according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o hypocrates_n vi_o book_n of_o the_o middle_a region_n call_v the_o chest_n contain_v the_o vital_a part_n vii_o book_n of_o the_o three_o &_o uppermost_a venture_n call_v the_o head_n wherein_o be_v describe_v the_o animal_n organ_n viii_o book_n of_o the_o sense_n and_o their_o instrument_n and_o also_o of_o the_o voice_n ix_o book_n a_o brief_a description_n of_o all_o the_o joint_n x._o book_n of_o flesh_n that_o be_v of_o the_o muscle_n the_o bowel_n and_o the_o glandule_n xi_o book_n of_o the_o vessel_n contain_v three_o part_n namely_o vein_n artery_n and_o sinew_n xii_o book_n contain_v four_o part_n viz_o gristle_n ligament_n membrane_n and_o fibres_n xiii_o book_n of_o the_o bone_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d intactusque_fw-la lutum_fw-la immundum_fw-la speculatur_fw-la sol._n speculatur_fw-la sol._n aquieus_n foemineamque_fw-la notant_fw-la scrinia_fw-la sancta_fw-la scrinia_fw-la sancta_fw-la cera_fw-la 18._o cera_fw-la levit._fw-la 15._o 24._o &_o 20._o 18._o luem_fw-la nudus_fw-la adam_n nudusque_fw-la pver_fw-la non_fw-la or_o a_o rubescit_fw-la nuda_fw-la nec_fw-la impubi_fw-la cernere_fw-la mente_fw-la nefas_fw-la morbida_fw-la non_fw-la patitur_fw-la non_fw-la lex_fw-la mosis_fw-la lex_fw-la mosis_fw-la vada_fw-la rubra_fw-la secantis_fw-la naturae_fw-la ut_fw-la lateat_fw-la 13._o lateat_fw-la levit._fw-la 15_o 2._o &_o 24._o 13._o nequiteaeque_fw-la via_fw-la 3._o via_fw-la math._n 16_o 19_o job._n 20._o 3._o clavibus_fw-la instructo_fw-la pandas_fw-la delicta_fw-la lubenter_fw-la et_fw-la bona_fw-la causidico_fw-la membraque_fw-la celse_fw-la tibi_fw-la arbour_n notitiae_fw-la magicas_fw-la en_fw-fr extudit_fw-la art_n haeresiumque_fw-la plicas_fw-la imperijque_fw-la plagas_fw-la haec_fw-la quoque_fw-la nosse_fw-la iwat_fw-la vitaeque_fw-la excerpere_fw-la fructus_fw-la pestibus_fw-la armatis_fw-la pharmaca_fw-la sive_fw-la fugam_fw-la non_fw-la primus_fw-la genitor_fw-la secuit_fw-la iam_fw-la cuspide_fw-la primum_fw-la hinc_fw-la animo_fw-la dirimas_fw-la denique_fw-la membra_fw-la doce_fw-la plaude_fw-la parens_fw-la argiva_fw-la cluis_fw-it molimine_fw-la croci_fw-la omniparos_fw-la flores_fw-la unicus_fw-la hortus_fw-la habet_fw-la vocem_fw-la aptam_fw-la methodum_fw-la acclivem_fw-la sexentaque_fw-la paucis_fw-la dogmata_fw-la conspicies_fw-la strictaque_fw-la tela_fw-la virum_fw-la pimpliadum_fw-la soboles_fw-la hinc_fw-la ad_fw-la potiora_fw-la movere_fw-la hippolyto_fw-la parcant_fw-la flagra_fw-la detractio_fw-la flagra_fw-la inuidua_fw-la subsannatio_fw-la detractio_fw-la trisulca_fw-la jovis_fw-la the_o untainted_a sun_n on_o 22._o on_o judg._n 3._o 22._o eglons_n dung_n can_v stare_v and_o sacred_a writ_n do_v 35._o do_v gene._n 32._o 35._o rachel_n month_n declare_v the_o babe_n though_o naked_a and_o 23._o and_o gene._n 2._o 23._o adam_n dread_v no_o shame_n to_o gaze_v with_o babe-like_a mind_n can_v breed_v no_o blame_n nor_o leches_n lore_n nor_o moses_n law_n can_v bide_v or_o sin_n or_o nature_n hide_a part_n to_o hide_v to_o he_o that_o hold_v the_o key_n thou_o will_v show_v thy_o sin_n bractan_n thy_o case_n hippocrates_n thy_o skin_n the_o tree_n of_o knowledge_n magic_n do_v devise_v and_o error_n give_v and_o florentize_v guise_n yet_o fruit_n of_o life_n they_o bring_v which_o these_o reveal_v that_o arm_a poison_n we_o may_v shun_v or_o heal_v nought_o need_v adam_n but_o we_o first_o must_v cut_v next_o know_v last_o teach_v how_o every_o member_n put_v joy_v england_n rich_a as_o greece_n by_o crookes_n long_a toil_n all_o flower_n bud_v in_o thy_o bless_a soil_n fit_a word_n smooth_a order_n many_o mind_n in_o short_a be_v here_o comprise_v and_o what_o their_o proof_n import_v mount_v hence_o o_o muse_n child_n to_o high_a wonder_n nor_o fear_v hippolytus_n detraction_n hippolytus_n enuy._n scorn_n detraction_n three_o fork_a thunder_n ambrose_n fisher_n the_o table_n of_o the_o several_a chapter_n and_o question_n contain_v in_o this_o whole_a volume_n the_o first_o book_n chap._n 1._o the_o excellency_n of_o man_n be_v declare_v by_o his_o part_n namely_o the_o mind_n and_o the_o body_n and_o first_o what_o be_v the_o dignity_n of_o the_o soul_n folio_n 3._o chap._n 2._o of_o the_o wonderful_a frame_n of_o man_n body_n folio_n 4._o chapter_n 3._o epicurus_n momus_n pliny_n and_o other_o the_o malicious_a and_o false_a detractor_n from_o nature_n be_v censure_v etc._n etc._n 8._o chap._n 4._o wherein_o the_o body_n of_o man_n differ_v from_o other_o creature_n etc._n etc._n 10._o chap._n 5._o how_o profitable_a anatomy_n be_v unto_o every_o man_n self_n 12._o chap._n 6._o how_o profitable_a anatomy_n be_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o god_n 14._o chap._n 7._o how_o profitable_a anatomy_n be_v to_o philosopher_n artificer_n and_o handycraftsman_n 15_o chap._n 8._o the_o necessity_n of_o anatomy_n for_o physician_n and_o chirurgeon_n 15_o chap._n 9_o with_o what_o method_n anatomy_n may_v be_v best_a demonstrate_v 17_o chap._n 10._o who_o have_v write_v of_o anatomy_n 20_o chap._n 11._o what_o galen_n have_v write_v of_o anatomy_n and_o how_o he_o be_v unjust_o accuse_v by_o vesalius_n 22_o chap._n 12._o how_o far_o aristotle_n skill_n streatched_a in_o anatomy_n 24_o chap._n 13._o what_o other_o greek_a author_n have_v write_v of_o anatomy_n ibid._n chap._n 14._o who_o have_v be_v the_o chief_a author_n of_o anatomy_n in_o our_o time_n 25_o chapter_n 15._o the_o instrument_n necessary_a to_o anatomy_n 26_o chap._n 16._o what_o be_v the_o subject_n or_o immediate_a object_n of_o anatomy_n 27_o chap._n 17._o what_o a_o antomist_n must_v consider_v in_o every_o part_n 28_o chap._n 18._o the_o difference_n of_o part_n etc._n etc._n 30_o chap._n 19_o a_o division_n of_o part_n etc._n etc._n 31_o chap._n 20._o a_o elegant_a division_n of_o part_n into_o similar_v &_o dissimilar_v etc._n etc._n 32_o chap._n 21._o the_o other_o difference_n of_o the_o part_n unfold_v 34_o the_o controversy_n of_o the_o first_o book_n qvest._n 1_o the_o definition_n of_o a_o part_n folio_n 38_o
the_o book_n of_o vulgar_a divinity_n and_o the_o doctor_n and_o teacher_n of_o divine_a wisdom_n how_o profitable_a anatomy_n be_v to_o philosopher_n and_o in_o a_o manner_n to_o all_o artificer_n and_o handicraft_n man_n chap._n vii_o these_o two_o fruit_n of_o anatomy_n as_o they_o be_v abundant_o beneficial_a and_o profitable_a so_o they_o seem_v to_o be_v common_a to_o all_o in_o general_a first_o the_o knowledge_n of_o our_o own_o nature_n and_o then_o of_o the_o invisible_a god_n there_o be_v also_o other_o benefit_n and_o commodity_n of_o anatomy_n proper_a and_o peculiar_a to_o poet_n painter_n yea_o and_o to_o the_o most_o part_n of_o handicraft_n man_n and_o artificer_n to_o teach_v they_o the_o better_a to_o bring_v their_o art_n to_o perfection_n and_o first_o galen_n do_v account_v anatomy_n very_o philosopher_n anatomy_n very_o profitable_a for_o a_o natural_a philosopher_n proper_a to_o a_o natural_a philosopher_n though_o it_o be_v but_o only_o for_o speculation_n sake_n or_o otherwise_o to_o teach_v he_o the_o singular_a workmanship_n of_o nature_n in_o every_o particular_a part_n for_o inasmuch_o as_o the_o proper_a and_o proportionable_a subject_n of_o his_o art_n be_v a_o body_n natural_a and_o the_o body_n of_o man_n be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o square_a and_o rule_v of_o all_o other_o body_n he_o ought_v not_o nor_o can_v be_v true_o account_v a_o natural_a philosopher_n who_o be_v ignorant_a of_o the_o history_n of_o man_n body_n and_o for_o this_o cause_n that_o most_o excellent_a genius_n and_o interpreter_n of_o nature_n aristotle_n write_v those_o elegant_a and_o eloquent_a book_n of_o the_o history_n of_o the_o part_n and_o of_o the_o generation_n of_o live_a aristotle_n aristotle_n creature_n anatomy_n be_v also_o very_o profitable_a for_o a_o moral_a philosopher_n for_o he_o shall_v philosopher_n anatomy_n be_v profitable_a for_o a_o moral_a philosopher_n easy_o learn_v by_o the_o mutual_a office_n and_o duty_n of_o every_o part_n and_o by_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o natural_a household_n government_n appear_v in_o our_o body_n how_o to_o temper_v and_o order_v the_o manner_n and_o condition_n of_o the_o mind_n how_o to_o rule_v and_o govern_v a_o commonwealth_n or_o city_n and_o how_o to_o direct_v a_o private_a house_n or_o family_n i_o spare_v to_o speak_v how_o profitable_a it_o be_v for_o poet_n and_o painter_n for_o the_o perfection_n of_o their_o art_n and_o science_n for_o even_o homer_n himself_o have_v write_v many_o thing_n and_o those_o very_a excellent_a homer_n profitable_a for_o poet_n &_o painter_n homer_n concern_v anatomy_n but_o my_o purpose_n be_v only_o to_o show_v that_o for_o a_o physician_n a_o natural_a philosopher_n a_o chirurgeon_n and_o a_o apothecary_n it_o be_v not_o only_o profitable_a but_o even_o also_o absolute_o necessary_a wherein_o be_v demonstrate_v that_o anatomy_n be_v not_o only_o profitable_a but_o of_o absolute_a necessity_n for_o physician_n and_o surgeon_n chap._n viii_o as_o geographie_n be_v worthy_o account_v a_o great_a evidence_n for_o the_o credit_n of_o a_o history_n so_o to_o they_o that_o any_o way_n appertain_v to_o the_o art_n of_o physic_n the_o knowledge_n of_o man_n body_n seem_v to_o be_v very_o necessary_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d for_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o body_n be_v the_o first_o thing_n to_o be_v speak_v of_o in_o the_o art_n of_o physic_n again_o hypocrates_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr flatibus_fw-la make_v but_o one_o idea_n of_o all_o disease_n it_o be_v only_o the_o variety_n &_o flatibus_fw-la hip._n de_fw-fr locis_fw-la in_o homine_fw-la hip._n de_fw-fr flatibus_fw-la difference_n of_o place_n that_o make_v the_o difference_n of_o disease_n he_o therefore_o that_o will_v be_v ignorant_a of_o the_o history_n of_o the_o part_n of_o man_n body_n he_o shall_v ill_o distinguish_v and_o discern_v the_o affection_n of_o the_o same_o worse_o cure_v they_o and_o worst_a of_o all_o foretell_v who_o be_v likely_a to_o recover_v and_o escape_v and_o who_o not_o the_o discern_a and_o judge_v of_o a_o disease_n consist_v in_o two_o thing_n namely_o the_o knowledge_n disease_n how_o necessary_a the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o part_n be_v to_o the_o discern_a of_o disease_n of_o the_o evil_a affect_v &_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o part_n so_o affect_v the_o sign_n of_o the_o part_n affect_v be_v draw_v and_o derive_v from_o many_o fountain_n as_o it_o be_v but_o especial_o from_o the_o situation_n and_o from_o the_o action_n impair_v for_o he_o that_o know_v the_o action_n of_o the_o stomach_n to_o be_v concoction_n if_o the_o concoction_n be_v impair_v he_o may_v easy_o discern_v that_o the_o stomach_n be_v ill_o affect_v he_o that_o know_v the_o liver_n to_o be_v place_v on_o the_o right_a side_n of_o the_o paunch_n if_o the_o right_a hypochondrium_n or_o side_n before_o or_o do_v swell_v he_o will_v present_o affirm_v that_o the_o liver_n and_o not_o the_o spleen_n be_v ill_o affect_v now_o this_o situation_n as_o also_o the_o action_n of_o all_o the_o part_n be_v teach_v and_o demonstrate_v unto_o we_o by_o anatomy_n only_o for_o prognosis_n or_o prediction_n of_o the_o event_n of_o disease_n hypocrates_n make_v three_o chief_a and_o main_a head_n of_o it_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v avoid_v the_o action_n impair_v and_o the_o habit_n of_o the_o body_n galen_n anatomy_n necessary_a for_o prognosis_n or_o predication_n galen_n in_o the_o colour_n figure_n and_o magnitude_n or_o quantity_n all_o which_o be_v discern_v only_o by_o anatomy_n now_o how_o much_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o several_a part_n of_o the_o body_n avayl_v towards_o the_o cure_n of_o disease_n galen_n have_v very_o well_o express_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr ossibus_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d say_v he_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v all_o thing_n that_o concern_v the_o action_n of_o heal_a have_v that_o for_o their_o scope_n or_o direction_n which_o be_v natural_o dispose_v or_o in_o a_o hypocrates_n necessary_a for_o curation_n hypocrates_n good_a and_o laudable_a constitution_n hypocrates_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr officina_fw-la medici_n give_v this_o rule_n that_o the_o physician_n shall_v first_o look_v into_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v alike_o one_o to_o another_o and_o then_o to_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v unlike_a insinuate_v thereby_o that_o he_o that_o know_v the_o perfect_a sanitie_n or_o health_n of_o every_o part_n shall_v easy_o discern_v if_o it_o fall_v from_o that_o perfection_n by_o the_o perfection_n which_o remain_v in_o other_o like_a part_n not_o taint_v aristotle_n in_o his_o first_o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la usurp_v a_o rule_n of_o geometry_n that_o which_o be_v straight_o and_o right_o say_v he_o do_v not_o only_o measure_v itself_o but_o bewray_v that_o which_o be_v oblique_a or_o crooked_a in_o like_a manner_n how_o shall_v a_o physician_n restore_v or_o set_v right_a bone_n that_o be_v break_v or_o out_o of_o joint_n if_o he_o be_v ignorant_a of_o their_o natural_a place_n figure_n and_o articulation_n the_o exquisite_a method_n of_o heal_a can_v be_v perform_v but_o by_o indication_n and_o indication_n be_v not_o only_o derive_v from_o the_o disease_n but_o also_o from_o the_o part_n affect_v and_o the_o remedy_n must_v be_v change_v and_o alter_v according_a to_o the_o diverse_a and_o several_a nature_n temperature_n situation_n connexion_n and_o sense_n of_o the_o part_n neither_o be_v anatomy_n needful_a only_o for_o the_o physician_n but_o even_o also_o for_o the_o chirurgeon_n and_o apothecary_n the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o outward_a part_n as_o the_o muscle_n the_o nerve_n the_o chirurgeon_n anatomy_n necessary_a for_o a_o chirurgeon_n vein_n and_o artery_n be_v most_o necessary_a for_o a_o chirurgeon_n for_o fear_v least_o in_o his_o dissection_n &_o lancing_n he_o shall_v mistake_v a_o broad_a ligament_n for_o a_o membrane_n and_o around_o ligament_n for_o a_o nerve_n or_o sinnew_n lest_o he_o shall_v divide_v a_o artery_n in_o stead_n of_o a_o vein_n for_o he_o that_o be_v ignorant_a of_o these_o thing_n shall_v evermore_o be_v in_o doubt_n in_o thing_n safe_a and_o secure_a still_o fearful_a and_o in_o thing_n that_o be_v to_o be_v fear_v he_o will_v be_v most_o secure_a and_o audacious_a apothecary_n anatomy_n profitable_a for_o a_o apothecary_n a_o apothecary_n also_o shall_v find_v it_o very_o needful_a for_o he_o to_o understand_v the_o scite_fw-la and_o figure_n of_o the_o part_n for_o the_o better_a apply_v of_o such_o remedy_n as_o shall_v be_v requisite_a for_o he_o must_v apply_v his_o topical_a and_o local_a medicine_n fomentation_n ointment_n or_o liniment_n and_o emplaster_n in_o their_o apt_a and_o proper_a place_n as_o if_o the_o liver_n be_v ill_o affect_v on_o the_o right_a side_n if_o the_o spleen_n be_v ill_a on_o the_o left_a side_n if_o the_o womb_n or_o bladder_n be_v disease_v then_o upon_o the_o hypograstium_fw-la or_o
little_a and_o little_a from_o a_o large_a passage_n unto_o a_o straight_a and_z be_v again_o amplify_v or_o enlarge_v from_o that_o straightness_n after_o this_o break_n do_v a_o percussion_n present_o follow_v either_o against_o the_o air_n or_o against_o a_o solid_a body_n and_o therefore_o galen_n suppose_v that_o the_o vuula_n be_v like_o the_o quill_n of_o a_o cittern_n in_o the_o form_n of_o the_o voice_n because_o the_o aer_fw-la be_v blow_v out_o be_v force_v against_o the_o vuula_n but_o not_o only_o the_o straitness_n of_o the_o cleft_n be_v necessary_a unto_o the_o voice_n that_o the_o passage_n of_o sound_n vehement_a impusilon_n of_o the_o air_n be_v require_v unto_o the_o sound_n the_o air_n be_v narrow_a but_o also_o the_o vehement_a impulsion_n of_o the_o breath_n so_o that_o it_o sudden_o and_o at_o once_o break_v forth_o for_o when_o either_o of_o these_o fail_v the_o voice_n can_v be_v make_v which_o sudden_a and_o vehement_a expiration_n galen_n call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o efflation_n the_o other_o cause_n therefore_o of_o the_o voice_n be_v efflation_n without_o which_o it_o can_v be_v make_v though_o there_o may_v be_v efflation_n without_o any_o voice_n this_o exsufflation_n or_o strong_a breathe_n out_o be_v make_v by_o the_o muscle_n bind_v the_o chest_n &_o the_o abdomen_fw-la or_o paunch_n by_o which_o constriction_n the_o lung_n be_v depress_v and_o constringe_v the_o midriff_n be_v incurue_v towards_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o chest_n whereby_o his_o cavity_n be_v make_v make_v how_o exsufflation_n be_v make_v straight_a and_o the_o breath_n carry_v upward_o out_o of_o the_o lung_n through_o the_o rough_a artery_n wherefore_o galen_n say_v that_o the_o voice_n be_v prepare_v in_o the_o rough_a artery_n when_o the_o air_n be_v shut_v up_o and_o compress_v there_o do_v after_o a_o sort_n attain_v the_o state_n and_o condition_n of_o a_o solid_a body_n before_o it_o issue_n through_o the_o cleave_a and_o be_v extrude_v or_o thrust_v out_o with_o violence_n and_o force_n through_o the_o straight_o cleave_v yield_v that_o sound_n which_o we_o call_v a_o voice_n galen_n express_v the_o use_n of_o the_o voice_n in_o these_o word_n that_o it_o be_v the_o messenger_n of_o the_o thought_n of_o the_o mind_n and_o therefore_o worthy_o be_v account_v the_o principal_a of_o all_o the_o action_n voice_n the_o use_n of_o the_o voice_n of_o the_o soul_n and_o thus_o be_v we_o arrive_v at_o the_o end_n of_o this_o book_n of_o the_o sense_n wherein_o we_o have_v omit_v the_o sense_n of_o touch_v because_o it_o be_v already_o handle_v in_o the_o second_o book_n now_o we_o come_v unto_o the_o controversy_n ¶_o a_o dilucidation_n or_o exposition_n of_o the_o controversy_n belong_v to_o the_o sense_n and_o their_o instrument_n as_o also_o of_o the_o uoyce_n placentinus_n his_o praeface_n of_o the_o excellency_n of_o the_o sense_n when_o i_o compare_v divine_a thing_n with_o humane_a and_o in_o like_a manner_n humane_a with_o divine_a and_o with_o a_o through_o examination_n do_v diligent_o view_v the_o property_n of_o they_o both_o i_o can_v find_v no_o man_n so_o never_o a_o kin_n to_o the_o mystical_a nature_n of_o god_n as_o those_o which_o make_v good_a use_n of_o that_o oracle_n of_o apollo_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d know_v thyself_o for_o see_v that_o god_n the_o contemplation_n of_o ourselves_o do_v further_o we_o in_o the_o knowledge_n of_o god_n admirable_a architector_n and_o maker_n of_o all_o thing_n do_v make_v the_o body_n of_o man_n according_a to_o his_o own_o image_n it_o can_v be_v but_o he_o which_o be_v well_o skill_v in_o the_o fabric_n and_o workmanship_n of_o himself_o unto_o he_o i_o say_v will_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o creator_n and_o arche-tipe_n more_o plain_o appear_v because_o he_o which_o be_v well_o read_v in_o his_o own_o body_n shall_v see_v in_o all_o even_o the_o least_o operation_n of_o his_o mind_n or_o action_n of_o his_o body_n a_o lively_a impression_n and_o infallible_a mark_n of_o divinity_n and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o they_o which_o use_v no_o diligence_n to_o pry_v into_o the_o structure_n of_o their_o own_o body_n be_v worthy_o reproach_v by_o the_o ancient_n with_o the_o ignominious_a title_n of_o epicurean_a hog_n for_o such_o man_n be_v ensnare_v with_o the_o allurement_n of_o their_o sense_n be_v only_o carry_v thither_o whether_o they_o like_v beast_n they_o be_v transport_v by_o the_o force_n &_o rage_n of_o their_o sense_n measure_v the_o chief_a felicity_n of_o man_n by_o the_o narrow_a scantling_n of_o the_o soul_n &_o naked_a pleasure_n of_o the_o body_n but_o outd_v do_v manifest_o show_v how_o far_o a_o man_n differ_v from_o a_o beast_n where_o he_o sing_v pronaque_fw-la cum_fw-la spectant_fw-la animalia_fw-la coetera_fw-la terram_fw-la os_fw-la homini_fw-la sublime_a dedit_fw-la coelumque_fw-la tueri_fw-la jussit_fw-la et_fw-la erectos_fw-la ad_fw-la sydera_fw-la tollere_fw-la vultus_fw-la when_o other_o creature_n on_o the_o earth_n do_v poor_a nature_n give_v man_n a_o high_a crect_v look_v the_o heaven_n to_o view_v and_o deity_n to_o adore_v and_o read_v the_o character_n in_o that_o fair_a book_n sure_o a_o hide_a mystery_n of_o a_o poet_n and_o word_n true_o beseem_v a_o man_n wherein_o he_o upward_o why_o beast_n look_v down_o and_o man_n upward_o will_v beat_v upon_o nothing_o but_o this_o that_o man_n be_v mindful_a of_o his_o divine_a original_n may_v by_o the_o contemplation_n of_o himself_o ascend_v high_a into_o the_o mystical_a knowledge_n of_o his_o divine_a creator_n see_v therefore_o it_o be_v a_o matter_n of_o so_o great_a moment_n to_o know_v ourselves_o it_o seem_v to_o i_o not_o only_o commodious_a but_o of_o absolute_a necessity_n to_o compose_v some_o small_a treatise_n though_o a_o task_n of_o hard_a labour_n wherein_o as_o in_o a_o most_o clear_a glass_n a_o man_n may_v take_v view_n of_o himself_o and_o see_v his_o own_o nature_n as_o it_o be_v decipher_v with_o apelles_n pencil_n wherefore_o i_o will_v here_o exhibit_v both_o the_o essential_a part_n of_o man_n to_o wit_n his_o matter_n and_o form_n together_o with_o their_o function_n and_o propriety_n as_o well_o particular_a as_o common_a observe_v the_o order_n of_o nature_n because_o we_o can_v come_v perfect_o unto_o the_o knowledge_n of_o man_n unless_o first_o we_o do_v well_o see_v into_o the_o essence_n both_o of_o the_o body_n and_o the_o soul_n now_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o soul_n can_v be_v make_v manifest_a but_o only_o by_o her_o operation_n which_o also_o see_v she_o do_v not_o perform_v without_o the_o help_n of_o corporal_a organ_n there_o be_v a_o necessity_n impose_v that_o we_o also_o understand_v the_o exact_a composition_n of_o the_o body_n but_o because_o in_o the_o delivery_n of_o the_o method_n of_o art_n we_o ought_v always_o to_o proceed_v from_o universals_z and_o such_o as_o be_v better_o know_v sense_n why_o he_o first_o treat_v of_o the_o sense_n unto_o 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be_v either_o thing_n the_o excellency_n of_o the_o body_n be_v likewise_o set_v forth_o in_o the_o temperature_n it_o be_v the_o middle_n of_o the_o whole_a kind_n man_n alone_o have_v in_o himself_o the_o temperature_n of_o all_o live_a thing_n too_o earthy_a or_o too_o watery_a but_o to_o man_n the_o temperature_n of_o all_o thing_n live_v both_o plant_n and_o creature_n be_v refer_v as_o to_o the_o medium_fw-la generis_fw-la as_o we_o use_v to_o say_v that_o be_v to_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o whole_a kind_n so_o that_o they_o be_v say_v to_o be_v hot_a cold_a moist_a and_o dry_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v according_a to_o reference_n their_o temperature_n be_v compare_v with_o mans._n again_o man_n alone_o have_v enclude_v in_o himself_o the_o temperature_n of_o all_o live_a thing_n all_o other_o creature_n be_v in_o their_o several_a kind_n for_o the_o most_o part_n of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o temper_n but_o if_o you_o look_v unto_o mankind_n you_o shall_v find_v 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variety_n of_o passion_n wherewith_o as_o it_o be_v with_o so_o many_o fury_n he_o be_v vex_v and_o torment_v but_o all_o this_o anatomy_n do_v very_o plain_o teach_v us._n for_o he_o that_o see_v and_o observe_v the_o whole_a body_n which_o by_o the_o structure_n and_o put_v together_o of_o mind_n anatomy_n trach_v how_o to_o order_v the_o state_n of_o the_o mind_n sundry_a part_n of_o diverse_a sort_n and_o kind_n be_v as_o it_o be_v manifold_a &_o full_a of_o variety_n to_o be_v make_v one_o by_o the_o continuation_n and_o join_v of_o those_o part_n he_o that_o consider_v the_o admirable_a sympathy_n of_o the_o part_n their_o mutual_a consent_n and_o agreement_n their_o common_a office_n or_o official_a administration_n one_o for_o the_o help_n of_o another_o how_o they_o make_v not_o any_o covetous_a reservation_n to_o themselves_o but_o do_v free_o communicate_v each_o with_o other_o such_o a_o man_n no_o doubt_n will_v so_o moderate_a and_o order_v the_o condition_n and_o affection_n of_o his_o mind_n as_o all_o thing_n shall_v accord_v and_o join_v in_o a_o mutual_a agreement_n and_o the_o inferior_n shall_v obey_v the_o superior_n the_o passion_n obey_v the_o rule_n of_o right_a reason_n he_o that_o shall_v diligent_o weigh_v and_o consider_v the_o use_n of_o every_o part_n the_o fashion_n situation_n and_o admirable_a workmanship_n of_o they_o all_o as_o also_o the_o sense_n how_o to_o use_v our_o sense_n organ_n and_o instrument_n of_o the_o outward_a sense_n he_o shall_v easy_o perceive_v how_o and_o after_o what_o manner_n he_o be_v to_o make_v use_n of_o every_o part_n than_o which_o thing_n what_o can_v be_v more_o excellent_a what_o more_o profitable_a thou_o have_v a_o upright_o frame_v and_o posture_n of_o body_n that_o remember_v thy_o beginning_n thou_o shall_v not_o like_v the_o brute_n beast_n grovel_v upon_o the_o ground_n or_o dote_v upon_o earthly_a thing_n but_o body_n why_o the_o eye_n be_v set_v in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o body_n 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we_o acknowledge_v to_o be_v many_o and_o diverse_a to_o omit_v the_o rest_n we_o will_v make_v mention_n only_o of_o three_o which_o be_v the_o especial_a and_o most_o immediate_a cause_n 3._o efficient_a cause_n the_o first_o be_v the_o tickle_a of_o the_o turgid_a and_o itch_a seed_n now_o the_o seed_n be_v turgid_a that_o be_v hoven_v or_o frothy_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o impetuous_a motion_n of_o the_o spirit_n for_o seed_n without_o spirit_n such_o as_o be_v anoyd_v in_o the_o gonorrhaea_n breed_v no_o pleasure_n at_o all_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n those_o that_o abuse_v the_o use_n of_o woman_n by_o frequent_a copulation_n have_v less_o pleasure_n than_o other_o man_n because_o they_o have_v few_o spirit_n yet_o be_v not_o this_o cause_n of_o itself_o sufficient_a to_o procure_v pleasure_n such_o especial_o as_o be_v conceive_v but_o another_o cause_n be_v require_v which_o be_v the_o celerity_n or_o swiftness_n of_o the_o motion_n and_o of_o the_o excretion_n for_o as_o 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spermaticall_a organ_n haply_o it_o be_v because_o this_o kind_n of_o sensation_n by_o the_o wonderful_a providence_n of_o nature_n be_v bestow_v only_o upon_o the_o genitals_n for_o the_o conservation_n of_o the_o species_n or_o kind_n like_a as_o she_o solution_n solution_n have_v give_v only_o to_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o stomach_n the_o sense_n of_o divulsion_n and_o appetite_n or_o we_o may_v say_v that_o in_o the_o other_o vessel_n there_o be_v not_o so_o sudden_a and_o headstrong_a a_o effusion_n of_o humour_n and_o spirit_n together_o the_o other_o problem_n be_v why_o man_n and_o woman_n that_o be_v asleep_a have_v great_a pleasure_n in_o problem_n the_o second_o problem_n their_o nocturnal_a pollution_n see_v that_o in_o sleep_v the_o sensative_a faculty_n be_v all_o at_o rest_n for_o the_o philosopher_n call_v sleep_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o rest_n of_o the_o first_o sensator_fw-la we_o answer_v solution_n the_o solution_n first_o that_o the_o imagination_n in_o 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of_o the_o man_n or_o of_o the_o woman_n be_v the_o great_a it_o will_v be_v a_o vain_a and_o fruitless_a disquisition_n to_o inquire_v indeed_o the_o woman_n conceive_v pleasure_n more_o way_n that_o be_v in_o the_o avoid_n of_o her_o own_o seed_n and_o also_o in_o the_o attraction_n of_o the_o man_n for_o which_o cause_n the_o tyresian_a priest_n who_o have_v experience_n of_o both_o sex_n prefer_v answer_n the_o answer_n the_o woman_n in_o this_o kind_n but_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o man_n be_v more_o intense_a partly_o because_o his_o seed_n be_v more_o hot_a and_o spirituous_a &_o partly_o also_o because_o it_o yssu_v with_o great_a violence_n and_o with_o a_o kind_n of_o almain_n leap_n or_o subsultation_n and_o thus_o much_o concern_v the_o first_o principle_n of_o generation_n that_o be_v the_o seed_n of_o both_o sex_n now_o we_o come_v to_o the_o second_o principle_n which_o be_v the_o mother_n blood_n qvest._n viii_o whether_o the_o menstrual_a blood_n have_v any_o noxious_a or_o hurtful_a quality_n therein_o concern_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o menstrual_a blood_n there_o have_v be_v and_o yet_o be_v so_o hard_a hold_n and_o so_o many_o opinion_n even_o among_o physician_n themselves_o that_o it_o be_v a_o shame_n to_o make_v mention_n of_o all_o their_o difference_n much_o more_o to_o insist_v upon_o they_o but_o because_o we_o will_v pretermit_v nothing_o that_o be_v worthy_a of_o your_o knowledge_n we_o will_v insist_v upon_o the_o chief_a head_n of_o the_o controversy_n the_o first_o of_o which_o shall_v be_v concern_v the_o matter_n of_o the_o course_n all_o man_n do_v agree_v that_o this_o blood_n be_v a_o excrement_n for_o like_o a_o superfluity_n it_o be_v every_o month_n course_n of_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o course_n drive_v forth_o of_o the_o womb_n but_o because_o there_o be_v two_o kind_n of_o excrement_n the_o one_o natural_a and_o profitable_a the_o other_o altogether_o unprofitable_a and_o unnatural_a we_o must_v inquire_v of_o which_o kind_n this_o menstrual_a blood_n be_v that_o it_o be_v a_o unprofitable_a excrement_n and_o of_o a_o noxious_a or_o hurtful_a quality_n may_v be_v prove_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o famous_a learned_a man_n as_o also_o by_o strong_a reason_n hypocrates_n in_o his_o authority_n that_o it_o be_v ill_o quality_v hypocrates_n authority_n first_o book_n de_fw-fr morbis_fw-la mulierum_fw-la express_v the_o malignant_a quality_n thereof_o in_o these_o word_n it_o fret_v the_o earth_n like_o vinegar_n and_o gnaw_v the_o body_n of_o the_o woman_n wheresoever_o it_o light_v and_o ulcerate_v the_o part_n of_o generation_n aristotle_n in_o the_o 19_o chapter_n of_o his_o four_o book_n de_fw-fr natura_fw-la galen_n aristotle_n galen_n animalium_fw-la write_v that_o that_o kind_a of_o blood_n be_v disease_v and_o vitiate_a galen_n in_o the_o eight_o chapter_n of_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr atra_fw-la boil_n say_v that_o every_o month_n a_o superfluous_a portion_n of_o blood_n unprofitable_a not_o only_o in_o quantity_n but_o also_o in_o quality_n be_v avoid_v moses_n that_o great_a lawgiver_n as_o we_o read_v in_o holy_a scripture_n make_v a_o edict_n that_o no_o menstruous_a woman_n shall_v come_v moses_n moses_n into_o the_o sanctuary_n let_v she_o touch_v no_o holy_a thing_n nor_o enter_v into_o the_o sanctuary_n whilst_o the_o day_n of_o her_o purgation_n be_v fulfil_v by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o zabri_n those_o woman_n that_o have_v their_o course_n zabri_n the_o law_n of_o the_o zabri_n be_v interdict_v the_o company_n and_o society_n of_o man_n and_o the_o place_n where_o she_o do_v stand_v be_v cleanse_v by_o fire_n hesiodus_n forbid_v that_o any_o man_n shall_v frequent_v those_o bath_n where_o menstruous_a woman_n have_v bathe_v themselves_o pliny_n also_o in_o the_o 28._o chapter_n of_o his_o 7._o book_n pliny_n pliny_n &_o columella_n do_v think_v that_o this_o blood_n be_v not_o only_o vicious_a but_o poisonous_a for_o by_o the_o touch_n thereof_o the_o young_a vine_n do_v wither_v the_o bud_n of_o herb_n be_v burn_v up_o yea_o glass_n be_v infect_v columella_n columella_n with_o a_o kind_n of_o tabes_fw-la if_o a_o dog_n lick_v of_o it_o he_o will_v run_v mad_a and_o wanton_a woman_n be_v wont_a experience_n reason_n and_o experience_n to_o bewitch_v their_o lover_n with_o this_o blood_n whence_o outd_v call_v it_o lunare_fw-la virus_fw-la the_o moon_n poison_n wherefore_o it_o be_v not_o only_o superfluous_a in_o quantity_n but_o in_o the_o whole_a quality_n a_o noisome_a excrement_n this_o poisonous_a quality_n thereof_o woman_n have_v daily_a and_o lamentable_a experience_n of_o in_o their_o own_o body_n for_o if_o it_o be_v suppress_v it_o be_v a_o wonder_n to_o see_v what_o horrible_a and_o how_o many_o symptom_n do_v arise_v therefrom_o if_o say_v hypocrates_n in_o his_o first_o book_n de_fw-fr morbis_fw-la mulierum_fw-la it_o be_v stable_v without_o the_o womb_n it_o engender_v inflammation_n cancer_n
some_o of_o the_o interpreter_n that_o they_o may_v avoid_v these_o snare_n have_v disallow_v of_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr septimestri_fw-la partu_fw-la as_o if_o it_o be_v not_o hypocrates_n own_v at_o least_o they_o bold_o affirm_v that_o this_o place_n be_v corrupt_v but_o we_o on_o the_o other_o side_n be_v as_o confident_a that_o it_o be_v true_o hippocraticall_a legitimate_a that_o hippoc._n book_n de_fw-fr sept._n partu_fw-la be_v legitimate_a for_o not_o only_a galen_n comment_v upon_o it_o a_o few_o fragment_n of_o who_o labour_n remain_v to_o this_o day_n but_o also_o the_o lawyer_n of_o that_o time_n when_o learning_n do_v most_o flourish_v at_o â—ome_o and_o athens_n do_v translate_v this_o very_a sentence_n according_a as_o we_o at_o this_o day_n read_v it_o into_o the_o number_n of_o their_o sanction_n wherefore_o these_o diverse_a not_o contrary_a place_n concern_v the_o number_n of_o day_n we_o will_v thus_o reconcile_v the_o latitude_n of_o the_o seven_o month_n be_v very_o great_a neither_o be_v the_o seaventh-moneth_n birth_n interpret_v hip._n interpret_v always_o bring_v into_o the_o world_n in_o one_o and_o the_o same_o day_n there_o be_v a_o seven_o month_n beginning_n and_o a_o seven_o month_n perfect_v the_o beginning_n consist_v of_o a_o hundred_o &_o eighty_o day_n &_o a_o part_n the_o perfection_n consist_v of_o two_o hundred_o &_o ten_o day_n before_o a_o hundred_o eighty_o two_o day_n no_o infant_n suruive_v so_o that_o this_o be_v the_o first_o limit_n of_o the_o seven_o month_n after_o two_o hundred_o and_o ten_o day_n it_o be_v no_o more_o call_v a_o seventh-month_n but_o a_o eight-month_n birth_n the_o first_o birth_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o seven_o month_n be_v indeed_o vital_a yet_o very_o languid_a and_o weak_a the_o latter_a be_v very_o strong_a wherefore_o hypocrates_n in_o the_o place_n before_o quote_v express_v only_o the_o two_o extreme_a time_n of_o the_o seaventh-month_n birth_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o first_o and_o the_o last_o the_o middle_a time_n he_o make_v no_o mention_n of_o as_o of_o two_o hundred_o &_o four_o day_n because_o they_o be_v sufficient_o know_v by_o the_o nature_n of_o that_o extreme_a unto_o birth_n the_o utmost_a time_n of_o the_o seven-month_n birth_n which_o they_o approach_v the_o near_a and_o this_o be_v not_o my_o interpretation_n of_o hypocrates_n but_o hypocrates_n own_o for_o as_o in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr octimestripartu_n he_o call_v those_o decimestre_n not_o only_o who_o accomplish_v ten_o whole_a month_n but_o also_o that_o reach_n a_o few_o day_n within_o the_o ten_o month_n so_o those_o be_v call_v septimestre_n who_o beside_o six_o full_a month_n do_v attain_v some_o day_n of_o the_o seven_o and_o yet_o more_o plain_o in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr alimento_n after_o he_o have_v describe_v the_o septimestre_n octimester_n nonimestre_n and_o decimestres_fw-mi partus_fw-la at_o length_n he_o break_v out_o into_o these_o word_n in_o these_o month_n be_v beget_v or_o rather_o breed_v more_o and_o few_o according_a unto_o the_o whole_a and_o the_o part_n that_o be_v either_o in_o a_o part_n of_o the_o month_n or_o in_o the_o whole_a and_o full_a month_n and_o in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr septimestri_fw-la partu_fw-la he_o say_v that_o the_o five_o month_n which_o come_v between_o the_o first_o and_o the_o seven_o must_v be_v number_v whole_a but_o the_o first_o and_o the_o seven_o it_o skill_v not_o much_o though_o they_o be_v imperfect_a so_o in_o the_o computation_n of_o the_o critical_a day_n those_o day_n which_o go_v before_o the_o crisis_n must_v be_v account_v whole_a but_o the_o critical_a day_n itself_o wherein_o nature_n endeavour_v the_o crisis_n have_v a_o great_a latitude_n for_o a_o crisis_n yea_o a_o happy_a and_o prosperous_a one_o may_v fall_v out_o in_o the_o beginning_n perfect_a the_o intermediate_v day_n &_o month_n be_v only_o perfect_a in_o the_o midst_n or_o in_o the_o end_n of_o the_o seven_o or_o the_o fourteen_o day_n wherefore_o those_o month_n which_o go_v before_o the_o birth_n must_v be_v all_o account_v whole_a except_v the_o first_o again_o the_o very_a month_n of_o the_o birth_n which_o be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n for_o account_n with_o the_o critical_a day_n have_v two_o extreme_n and_o many_o intermediate_v time_n in_o any_o of_o which_o if_o the_o infant_n be_v bear_v he_o may_v suruive_v and_o thus_o i_o think_v you_o may_v clear_v yourself_o out_o of_o the_o thorny_a and_o intricate_a passage_n of_o month_n and_o day_n in_o the_o computation_n of_o the_o legitimate_a or_o illegitimate_a time_n of_o the_o birth_n qvest._n xxxi_o what_o be_v the_o universal_a and_o particular_a cause_n of_o the_o birth_n democritus_n a_o great_a philosopher_n of_o his_o time_n complain_v that_o the_o truth_n be_v drown_v in_o a_o deep_a well_o the_o pyrronij_n or_o sceptic_a philosopher_n think_v that_o all_o aristotle_n democritus_n the_o septicke_n aristotle_n thing_n be_v uncertain_a and_o that_o nothing_o can_v be_v determinate_o know_v aristotle_n the_o father_n of_o the_o school_n of_o philosopher_n say_v that_o the_o certain_a and_o natural_a cause_n of_o all_o thing_n natural_a be_v only_o know_v to_o philosopher_n which_o before_o philosophy_n itself_o be_v bear_v our_o admire_a master_n hypocrates_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr aere_fw-la aquis_fw-la &_o locis_fw-la have_v thus_o express_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d nothing_o in_o nature_n be_v do_v without_o hypocrates_n hypocrates_n nature_n that_o be_v without_o a_o natural_a cause_n these_o cause_n if_o any_o man_n with_o heraclitus_n shall_v deny_v he_o shall_v not_o only_o entangle_v himself_o in_o a_o thousand_o labyrinth_n of_o absurdity_n but_o also_o for_o feite_v heraclitus_n heraclitus_n all_o knowledge_n and_o assure_a demonstration_n for_o to_o know_v say_v the_o philosopher_n be_v to_o understand_v the_o cause_n of_o thing_n see_v therefore_o the_o birth_n be_v a_o natural_a action_n and_o that_o the_o time_n thereof_o be_v very_o different_a it_o shall_v not_o be_v amiss_o a_o little_a in_o this_o place_n to_o enlarge_v ourselves_o in_o the_o disquisition_n of_o the_o cause_n thereof_o the_o cause_n therefore_o of_o the_o birth_n be_v some_o of_o they_o universal_a other_o particular_a the_o universal_a cause_n be_v common_a not_o only_o to_o man_n but_o also_o to_o all_o creature_n and_o some_o of_o then_o birth_n the_o universal_a cause_n of_o the_o birth_n be_v on_o the_o part_n of_o the_o birth_n other_o on_o the_o part_n of_o the_o matrix_fw-la or_o womb_n because_o the_o birth_n proceed_v from_o a_o equal_a contention_n of_o the_o birth_n and_o the_o bearer_n the_o cause_n on_o the_o part_n of_o the_o birth_n hypocrates_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr natura_fw-la pveri_fw-la elegant_o express_v to_o be_v the_o defect_n of_o both_o sort_n of_o aliment_n spirituous_a and_o solid_a on_o this_o manner_n when_o the_o infant_n become_v large_a and_o strong_a the_o mother_n can_v supply_v it_o with_o fit_a and_o sufficient_a aliment_n which_o while_o it_o seek_v with_o often_o kick_v it_o break_v the_o membrane_n and_o be_v unloose_a from_o those_o band_n yssu_v forth_o infant_n on_o the_o partof_o the_o infant_n the_o mola_n or_o moon_n calf_n may_v be_v carry_v in_o the_o womb_n many_o year_n because_o it_o be_v neither_o nourish_v nor_o do_v transpire_v wherefore_o desire_v neither_o aliment_n nor_o air_n it_o be_v still_o retain_v womb_n why_o the_o mola_n and_o many_o monster_n lie_v long_o in_o the_o womb_n there_o be_v engender_v oftentimes_o in_o the_o womb_n of_o woman_n monster_n and_o creature_n of_o diverse_a kind_n as_o serpent_n and_o mould-warps_a which_o because_o they_o have_v little_a blood_n have_v also_o little_a heat_n and_o be_v content_v with_o transpiration_n alone_o do_v lurk_v many_o year_n in_o the_o corner_n of_o the_o womb_n neither_o will_v ever_o issue_v of_o their_o own_o accord_n unless_o they_o be_v drive_v forth_o either_o by_o the_o contention_n of_o the_o womb_n or_o by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o physician_n the_o want_n therefore_o of_o nourishment_n be_v the_o first_o cause_n of_o the_o birth_n there_o be_v also_o another_o universal_a cause_n on_o the_o part_n of_o the_o womb_n for_o the_o womb_n have_v hippocratci_fw-la the_o universal_a cause_n of_o the_o birth_n on_o the_o part_n of_o the_o womb_n hippocratci_fw-la a_o determinate_a quantity_n &_o magnitude_n beyond_o which_o it_o can_v be_v extend_v when_o once_o upon_o the_o increase_n of_o the_o infant_n it_o be_v come_v to_o that_o extent_n it_o labour_v to_o lay_v down_o the_o burden_n whereby_o it_o be_v oppress_v and_o according_a hereto_o hypocrates_n say_v in_o his_o first_o book_n de_fw-fr morbis_fw-la mulierum_fw-la that_o abortment_n do_v happen_v when_o the_o womb_n be_v too_o little_a that_o be_v when_o the_o infant_n be_v so_o increase_v that_o it_o can_v be_v no_o long_o contain_v in_o the_o womb_n the_o
pp_n so_o call_v because_o it_o pass_v by_o the_o axilla_n or_o armhole_n before_o it_o reach_v unto_o the_o arm_n do_v issue_n from_o the_o low_a part_n thoracica_n superior_a tab._n 13_o fig._n 1_o qq_fw-la which_o derive_v his_o branch_n to_o the_o muscle_n lie_v upon_o the_o breast_n thoracica_n inferior_a tab._n 13_o fig_z 1_o rr_z which_o creep_v down_o the_o whole_a side_n of_o the_o chest_n scapularis_fw-la tab._n 1_o fig._n 13_o s_o disseminated_a to_o the_o muscle_n in_o the_o hollow_a part_n of_o the_o shoulderblade_n from_o the_o upper_a part_n humeraria_fw-it tab._n 13_o fig._n 1_o tt_z which_o climb_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o shoulder_n and_o be_v distribute_v into_o the_o muscle_n thereabouts_o that_o which_o remain_v of_o humeraria_fw-la humeraria_fw-la the_o axillary_a artery_n tab._n 13_o fig._n 1_o qq_n be_v accompany_v with_o the_o axillary_a vein_n pass_v unto_o the_o arm_n that_o which_o remain_v of_o the_o ascendent_a trunk_n tab._n 13_o fig._n 1_o â—_o lie_v upon_o the_o sharp_a artery_n and_o support_v by_o the_o sweere_n bread_n whilst_o it_o be_v yet_o in_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o chest_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o unequal_a branch_n which_o they_o call_v carotides_n table_n 13_o fig._n 1_o xy_n or_o the_o sleepy_a carotide_n carotide_n artery_n which_o rise_v direct_o upward_o be_v by_o the_o mediation_n of_o a_o membrane_n tie_v to_o the_o wezon_n and_o the_o internal_a iugular_a vein_n and_o so_o attain_v unto_o the_o head_n but_o of_o these_o we_o shall_v speak_v more_o in_o the_o eight_o book_n chap._n xvii_o of_o the_o lung_n the_o lung_n which_o be_v the_o instrument_n both_o of_o the_o voice_n and_o also_o of_o respiration_n the_o grecian_n call_v pneumones_n because_o of_o the_o reception_n of_o the_o air_n which_o they_o call_v pneuma_fw-la or_o from_o a_o word_n which_o signify_v to_o breath_n for_o by_o breathe_v inward_a they_o draw_v air_n and_o by_o breathe_v outward_a do_v put_v it_o forth_o again_o these_o lung_n be_v allow_v by_o nature_n to_o all_o breathe_a creature_n and_o place_v in_o chest_n why_o place_v in_o the_o chest_n the_o cavity_n of_o the_o chest_n tab_v 3._o nop_n because_o they_o be_v to_o be_v a_o little_a distant_a from_o the_o mouth_n lest_o by_o the_o affluence_n of_o the_o air_n they_o shall_v have_v be_v present_o cool_v in_o live_a creature_n while_o they_o breathe_v inward_a they_o fill_v the_o whole_a cavity_n of_o the_o chest_n except_v the_o region_n which_o we_o have_v already_o say_v the_o membrane_n of_o the_o mediastinum_fw-la table_n 3_o l_o and_o the_o body_n how_o to_o puff_n they_o up_o in_o dead_a body_n heart_n cover_v with_o his_o purse_n do_v occupy_v but_o when_o the_o creature_n breathe_v out_o then_o they_o fall_v but_o not_o so_o as_o they_o do_v in_o dead_a body_n flat_a and_o flaccid_a because_o they_o be_v still_o full_a of_o air_n and_o blood_n and_o although_o they_o may_v be_v puff_v up_o in_o a_o dead_a body_n by_o put_v a_o pair_n of_o bellows_n into_o the_o weazon_n yet_o hardly_o can_v you_o raise_v they_o to_o such_o a_o height_n as_o that_o they_o will_v occupy_v so_o much_o place_n as_o they_o do_v in_o a_o live_a body_n for_o be_v to_o contain_v so_o much_o air_n as_o great_a why_o so_o great_a shall_v suffice_v the_o diverse_a motion_n of_o the_o heart_n that_o we_o may_v not_o be_v constrain_v to_o be_v always_o fetch_v breath_n to_o speak_v sing_v or_o cry_v out_o it_o behove_v well_o that_o their_o quantity_n shall_v be_v very_o great_a and_o although_o for_o the_o most_o part_n they_o hang_v loose_a and_o at_o liberty_n that_o they_o may_v more_o connexion_n their_o connexion_n free_o move_v yet_o by_o the_o mediation_n of_o the_o vessel_n of_o the_o weazon_n they_o be_v suspend_v and_o hang_v to_o the_o neck_n and_o the_o back_n lest_o they_o shall_v fall_v downward_o and_o by_o the_o interposition_n of_o the_o mediastinum_fw-la tab_v 3._o gh_o to_o a_o they_o be_v tie_v forward_o to_o the_o breastbone_n backward_o to_o the_o rackbone_n also_o in_o some_o place_n at_o the_o side_n of_o the_o chest_n they_o grow_v to_o the_o pleura_fw-la with_o fibrous_a tie_n produce_v from_o their_o own_o membrane_n which_o be_v peculiar_o observe_v in_o man_n as_o in_o the_o chest_n how_o they_o follow_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o chest_n wise_a creature_n by_o which_o mean_v the_o lung_n which_o of_o themselves_o be_v devoid_a of_o all_o motion_n more_o easy_o follow_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o chest_n do_v otherwise_o then_o for_o the_o avoid_n of_o vacuum_n or_o emptiness_n galen_n very_o think_v that_o the_o lung_n follow_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o chest_n for_o the_o avoid_v of_o that_o vacuum_n or_o emptiness_n which_o be_v so_o irreconcilable_a a_o enemy_n of_o nature_n because_o the_o emptiness_n galens_n opinion_n for_o the_o avoid_n of_o vacuum_n or_o emptiness_n chest_n be_v distend_v they_o be_v dilate_v as_o they_o be_v fill_v with_o air_n draw_v in_o and_o the_o same_o chest_n be_v contract_v and_o the_o lung_n evacuate_v by_o expiration_n they_o fall_v into_o themselves_o which_o he_o show_v by_o a_o instance_n of_o a_o wound_n of_o the_o chest_n for_o if_o the_o chest_n be_v wound_v so_o that_o the_o air_n can_v get_v into_o it_o the_o lung_n say_v he_o become_v immovable_a and_o do_v not_o follow_v the_o demonstration_n his_o demonstration_n dilatation_n of_o the_o chest_n because_o there_o be_v air_n which_o fill_v the_o vacuity_n or_o emptiness_n of_o the_o chest_n but_o when_o the_o chest_n be_v sound_a and_o distend_v the_o lung_n be_v necessary_o dilate_v lest_o there_o shall_v be_v vacuum_n or_o emptiness_n and_o the_o same_o lung_n not_o for_o the_o avoid_n of_o emptiness_n but_o either_o be_v compress_v by_o the_o chest_n or_o because_o of_o the_o air_n breathe_v out_o or_o both_o together_o they_o fall_v necessary_o but_o we_o add_v that_o nature_n take_v knowledge_n of_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o lung_n wound_v how_o the_o lung_n move_v when_o the_o chest_n be_v wound_v that_o the_o chest_n be_v perforate_v the_o air_n go_v in_o by_o the_o wound_n may_v not_o hinder_v the_o dilatation_n of_o the_o lung_n which_o be_v cause_v for_o the_o avoid_n of_o emptiness_n have_v knit_v they_o in_o man_n only_o as_o we_o say_v before_o to_o the_o pleura_fw-la that_o so_o by_o the_o necessity_n of_o this_o connexion_n they_o shall_v follow_v the_o dilatation_n of_o the_o chest_n though_o it_o be_v perforate_v they_o also_o adhere_v to_o the_o heart_n by_o the_o arterial_a vein_n tab_v 9_o fig._n 2._o c_o and_o the_o venal_a artery_n they_o have_v their_o figure_n which_o be_v show_v in_o the_o 3._o and_o 4._o table_n according_a to_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o part_n upon_o which_o they_o rest_v wherefore_o on_o the_o outside_n that_o they_o may_v be_v fit_v to_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o chest_n they_o be_v gibbous_a and_o swell_a on_o their_o inside_n hollow_a table_n 9_o figure_n 1._o and_o 2._o table_n 14._o figure_n 1._o figure_n their_o figure_n to_o give_v way_n to_o the_o heart_n cover_v with_o his_o purse_n which_o with_o their_o lobe_n or_o division_n they_o encompass_v round_o about_o when_o both_o part_n the_o right_a and_o the_o left_a be_v join_v they_o represent_v the_o shape_n of_o a_o cleave_a foot_n of_o a_o ox_n or_o such_o like_a table_n 14._o figure_n 1._o and_o 2._o for_o as_o the_o hoof_n before_o be_v divide_v asunder_o by_o a_o line_n as_o it_o be_v hoof_n like_o a_o cleave_a hoof_n so_o the_o lung_n backward_o tab._n 13._o fig._n 2._o because_o of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o vertebra_n or_o spondel_n have_v a_o oblique_a impression_n or_o division_n and_o forward_o they_o cleave_v in_o the_o very_a midst_n they_o be_v divide_v by_o the_o mediastinum_fw-la table_n 3_o gg_n hh_v into_o a_o right_a lung_n and_o a_o left_a that_o one_o part_n be_v hurt_v the_o other_o may_v serve_v the_o use_n of_o the_o creature_n for_o oftentimes_o as_o we_o see_v in_o divide_v how_o they_o be_v divide_v the_o cut_n up_o of_o such_o as_o die_v of_o consumption_n of_o the_o lung_n the_o one_o lung_n on_o the_o one_o side_n be_v ulcerate_v yea_o and_o consume_v yet_o the_o man_n may_v live_v long_o with_o the_o use_n of_o the_o other_o they_o be_v only_o join_v together_o by_o the_o mediation_n of_o vessel_n table_n 14_o fig._n 1_o which_o be_v disseminated_a into_o they_o from_o the_o weazon_n &_o the_o heart_n again_o each_o lung_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o lobe_n or_o fin_n if_o you_o draw_v a_o line_n from_o the_o place_n of_o the_o four_o rackbone_n or_o vertebra_n of_o the_o chest_n oblique_o overthwart_o tab._n 14_o fig._n 2_o to_o wit_n the_o upper_a lobe_n or_o fin_n &_o lung_n the_o lobe_n or_o fin_n of_o the_o lung_n the_o low_a
into_o the_o four_o muscle_n of_o the_o thigh_n and_o the_o skin_n betwixt_o the_o buttock_n and_o the_o fundament_n notwithstanding_o in_o dog_n and_o ape_n there_o be_v three_o coniugation_n proceed_v out_o of_o the_o coccyx_fw-la or_o rump-bone_n wherefore_o to_o sum_n up_o all_o we_o must_v remember_v that_o the_o spinall_a marrow_n have_v 30._o pair_n chapter_n the_o use_n of_o this_o chapter_n or_o coniugation_n of_o sinew_n seven_o belong_v to_o the_o marrow_n of_o the_o neck_n twelve_o to_o the_o marrow_n of_o the_o back_n five_o to_o the_o marrow_n of_o the_o loin_n and_o six_o to_o the_o marrow_n of_o the_o holybone_n all_o which_o it_o be_v very_o necessary_a a_o physician_n and_o surgeon_n shall_v know_v that_o he_o may_v be_v able_a to_o apply_v ointment_n cataplasm_n and_o such_o like_a to_o the_o proper_a part_n of_o the_o spin_v when_o the_o noll_n of_o the_o head_n the_o face_n the_o neck_n the_o hand_n the_o part_n of_o the_o chest_n the_o muscle_n of_o the_o abdomen_fw-la the_o womb_n the_o bladder_n the_o fundament_n the_o yard_n or_o the_o leg_n be_v deprive_v of_o sense_n or_o motion_n or_o both_o together_o chap._n xxii_o varolius_n his_o manner_n of_o dissect_v the_o head_n there_o be_v in_o the_o body_n of_o man_n so_o great_a variety_n of_o all_o manner_n of_o part_n that_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o follow_v the_o trace_n of_o nature_n by_o humane_a diligence_n so_o near_o that_o a_o man_n shall_v not_o sometime_o wander_v out_o of_o his_o way_n or_o be_v at_o loss_n it_o be_v therefore_o no_o wonder_n if_o the_o ancient_a and_o first_o anatomist_n man_n questionless_a very_o oculate_a and_o sharp_a sight_v do_v not_o yet_o attain_v to_o the_o exquisite_a knowledge_n of_o all_o particular_n but_o leave_v many_o thing_n to_o be_v find_v out_o and_o perfect_v by_o their_o successor_n nay_o we_o assure_v ourselves_o that_o no_o process_n of_o time_n diligence_n of_o inquisition_n or_o help_n of_o other_o man_n labour_n shall_v ever_o be_v able_a to_o bring_v anatomy_n to_o such_o perfection_n but_o that_o there_o will_v be_v place_n leave_v for_o they_o that_o come_v after_o to_o find_v out_o something_o never_o before_o discover_v so_o like_a be_v this_o little_a world_n of_o man_n body_n to_o the_o great_a globe_n of_o the_o universe_n wherein_o every_o day_n new_a country_n and_o nation_n yea_o populous_a and_o rich_a state_n and_o commonwealth_n be_v by_o traveller_n find_v out_o a_o instance_n hereof_o in_o the_o art_n we_o have_v in_o hand_n be_v constantinus_n varolius_n who_o in_o the_o year_n 1570._o invent_v a_o new_a manner_n of_o dissection_n of_o the_o brain_n which_o invention_n varolius_n his_o invention_n how_o it_o be_v accomplish_v as_o we_o have_v partly_o learned_a by_o his_o epistle_n write_v an._n 1573._o partly_o by_o our_o own_o dissection_n say_v bauhine_v for_o these_o 24._o year_n together_o we_o will_v here_o relate_v because_o it_o do_v better_a exhibit_v the_o true_a original_n of_o the_o spinall_a marrow_n and_o the_o nerve_n proceed_v there_o from_o as_o also_o the_o structure_n of_o the_o ventricle_n for_o our_o better_a satisfaction_n in_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o disease_n of_o the_o head_n and_o the_o explayn_v of_o some_o passage_n in_o hypocrates_n and_o galen_n the_o difference_n betwixt_o these_o two_o administration_n be_v that_o in_o the_o former_a the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o skull_n and_o the_o meninge_n of_o the_o brain_n be_v remove_v the_o contain_v part_n be_v lay_v admnistre_v how_o admnistre_v open_a to_o the_o view_n but_o in_o this_o which_o be_v full_a of_o labour_n and_o difficulty_n the_o bone_n of_o the_o head_n be_v on_o every_o side_n remove_v and_o the_o part_n contain_v within_o the_o skull_n yet_o cover_v with_o both_o the_o membrane_n have_v the_o eye_n the_o coniugation_n of_o the_o sinew_n and_o the_o spinall_a marrow_n join_v thereto_o be_v at_o one_o view_v represent_v and_o the_o section_n begin_v at_o the_o basis_n of_o the_o brain_n but_o for_o this_o administration_n the_o head_n must_v be_v green_a and_o not_o waterish_a otherwise_o we_o shall_v loose_v our_o labour_n you_o must_v therefore_o take_v the_o head_n of_o a_o man_n new_o cut_v off_o or_o for_o want_v thereof_o a_o calf_n head_n will_v serve_v the_o turn_n because_o all_o the_o particular_n may_v be_v therein_o discern_v of_o the_o spinall_n marrow_n first_o of_o all_o we_o must_v begin_v at_o the_o spinall_n marrow_n which_o they_o say_v arise_v from_o the_o low_a basis_n of_o the_o brain_n at_o the_o great_a hole_n of_o the_o occipitium_fw-la or_o noll_n bone_n table_n 25._o fig._n 1._o from_o d_o marrow_n the_o administration_n of_o the_o spinall_a marrow_n to_o â—_o this_o be_v establish_v within_o the_o skull_n in_o his_o proper_a seat_n and_o be_v compass_v or_o invest_v with_o the_o membrane_n wherefore_o after_o the_o thick_a meninx_n be_v remove_v the_o other_o call_v pia_fw-la mater_fw-la be_v also_o to_o be_v take_v away_o which_o be_v transparent_a and_o strong_a &_o by_o who_o mediation_n the_o forepart_n of_o the_o marrow_n be_v tie_v to_o the_o brain_n and_o the_o hind_a part_n to_o the_o afterbrain_n it_o also_o detain_v or_o establish_v the_o spinall_a marrow_n that_o it_o be_v not_o reflect_v backward_o which_o haply_o be_v the_o cause_n why_o anatomist_n have_v not_o know_v his_o true_a original_n for_o if_o you_o take_v it_o up_o with_o a_o hook_n and_o light_o remove_v it_o with_o a_o knife_n from_o the_o part_n under_o it_o and_o bend_v the_o spinall_a marrow_n somewhat_o forward_o table_n 25._o figure_n 2._o a_o b_o then_o will_n his_o original_n show_v itself_o to_o be_v not_o in_o the_o occipitium_fw-la or_o where_o it_o be_v first_o tie_v to_o that_o thin_a membrane_n but_o ascend_v some-somewhat_a upward_o and_o in_o the_o forepart_n of_o the_o brain_n this_o marrow_n therefore_o consist_v of_o four_o root_n whereof_o the_o two_o great_a tab._n 25_o thereof_o the_o 4_o root_n thereof_o fig._n 2_o b_o c_o show_v the_o trunk_n reflect_v char._n 4._o and_o 1._o show_v the_o trunk_n in_o his_o own_o seat_n do_v issue_n out_o of_o two_o part_n of_o the_o brain_n in_o that_o place_n wherein_o the_o ventricles_n be_v reflect_v tab._n 25._o fig._n 2._o f_o g_o from_o the_o forward_z prominence_z or_o swell_v of_o the_o brain_n unto_o the_o middle_n &_o whereabout_o the_o optic_a nerve_n tab._n 25._o fig._n 2._o c_o d_o pass_v without_o the_o ventricle_n the_o other_o two_o root_n be_v two_o short_a trunk_n of_o the_o cerebellum_fw-la tab._n 25._o fig._n 2._o cha_n 6_o join_v where_o join_v arise_v on_o either_o side_n out_o of_o the_o upper_a part_n thereof_o which_o be_v join_v to_o the_o two_o great_a production_n of_o the_o brain_n even_o now_o speak_v of_o tab._n 25._o fig._n 2._o betwixt_o the_o two_o character_n 2_o and_o 3_o and_o so_o of_o four_o be_v make_v two_o tab._n 25._o fig._n 1_o â—_o which_o afterward_o do_v accomplish_v the_o spinall_a marrow_n from_o which_o all_o the_o nerve_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n have_v their_o original_n as_o diligent_a inspection_n do_v sufficient_o prove_v and_o the_o same_o galen_n affirm_v in_o the_o 13._o chap._n of_o his_o 8._o book_n de_fw-fr usu_fw-la partium_fw-la and_o in_o many_o other_o place_n where_o he_o say_v that_o all_o the_o nerve_n which_o be_v attribute_v to_o the_o spinal_a this_o galen_n acknoledge_v the_o truth_n of_o this_o marrow_n do_v arise_v from_o the_o after-braine_n so_o that_o according_a to_o his_o anatomy_n the_o spinall_a marrow_n be_v join_v to_o the_o cerebellum_fw-la some_o there_o be_v and_o columbus_n among_o the_o rest_n who_o herein_o tax_v galen_n affirm_v that_o no_o nerve_n proceed_v from_o the_o cerebellum_fw-la but_o say_v varolius_n galens_n opinion_n may_v be_v after_o some_o sort_n maintain_v to_o be_v true_a but_o those_o that_o find_v fault_n with_o he_o affirm_v that_o which_o varolius_n he_o be_v taxedby_o columbus_n redeem_a by_o varolius_n be_v absolute_o false_a because_o the_o spinall_a marrow_n arise_v out_o of_o two_o root_n of_o the_o brain_n whence_o two_o pair_n of_o sinew_n be_v produce_v and_o out_o of_o two_o root_n of_o the_o after-braine_n which_o be_v join_v to_o the_o former_a and_o do_v together_o fulfil_v or_o accomplish_v the_o spinall_a marrow_n and_o so_o all_o the_o nerve_n of_o the_o spinall_a marrow_n do_v arise_v out_o of_o the_o cerebellum_fw-la one_o why_o the_o original_n of_o the_o sinew_n grow_v into_o one_o and_o very_o that_o this_o shall_v be_v thus_o it_o be_v profitable_a yea_o necessary_a for_o the_o principle_n or_o original_n of_o all_o thing_n have_v need_v to_o be_v firm_a and_o stable_a now_o by_o how_o much_o any_o thing_n be_v more_o single_a and_o simple_a by_o so_o much_o without_o doubt_n it_o be_v more_o solid_a and_o firm_a wherefore_o it_o behoove_v that_o
lip_n the_o other_o artery_n of_o the_o bypartition_n at_o p_o creep_v up_o the_o temple_n and_o the_o forehead_n and_o be_v consume_v in_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o fcae_n and_o so_o much_o of_o the_o vessel_n the_o skin_n of_o the_o head_n be_v in_o many_o man_n movable_a but_o of_o the_o forehead_n in_o all_o man_n not_o only_o forehead_n the_o muscle_n of_o the_o forehead_n by_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o fleshy_a membrane_n which_o degenerate_v into_o a_o musculous_a substance_n have_v right_a fibre_n but_o also_o by_o the_o help_n of_o two_o muscle_n assure_v so_o to_o be_v both_o by_o the_o course_n of_o their_o fibre_n as_o also_o by_o their_o motion_n which_o appear_v in_o these_o after_o the_o manner_n of_o other_o muscle_n and_o not_o like_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o fleshy_a membrane_n these_o be_v situate_v in_o the_o forehead_n table_n 6._o figure_n 1._o a_o and_o do_v arise_v above_o where_o the_o hair_n determine_v sometime_o as_o high_a as_o the_o crowny_a seam_n near_o the_o temporal_a muscle_n the_o right_a at_o the_o right_n and_o the_o leave_v at_o the_o left_a temple_n where_o the_o fleshy_a membrane_n cleave_v so_o close_o to_o the_o perteranium_n or_o skulskinne_n and_o the_o skull_n itself_o that_o it_o be_v altogether_o immovable_a so_o that_o the_o forehead_n and_o the_o eyebrow_n be_v move_v when_o the_o membrane_n be_v at_o rest_n and_o towards_o the_o common_a seam_n which_o distinguish_v the_o bone_n of_o the_o head_n from_o those_o of_o the_o upper_a jaw_n be_v implant_v with_o right_a fibre_n above_o the_o eye_n and_o the_o nose_n into_o the_o skin_n at_o the_o brow_n as_o at_o the_o part_n which_o be_v to_o be_v move_v i_o say_v these_o fibre_n be_v right_a and_o not_o oblique_a as_o some_o have_v think_v and_o here_o chirurgeon_n chirurgeon_n a_o good_a note_n for_o chirurgeon_n must_v observe_v that_o in_o open_v apostemation_n in_o that_o place_n they_o make_v not_o their_o incition_n overthwart_o as_o the_o wrinkle_n of_o the_o skin_n do_v go_v but_o according_a to_o the_o right_a fibres_fw-fr these_o two_o muscle_n be_v a_o little_a disjoin_v in_o the_o midst_n and_o that_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o the_o top_n of_o the_o forehead_n be_v not_o move_v upon_o this_o conjunction_n some_o have_v think_v they_o to_o be_v move_v why_o the_o top_n of_o the_o forehead_n be_v not_o move_v but_o one_o muscle_n against_o who_o we_o shall_v further_o dispute_v in_o the_o proper_a place_n where_o we_o create_v of_o these_o in_o our_o book_n of_o muscle_n there_o be_v also_o other_o muscle_n which_o draw_v the_o skin_n of_o the_o head_n backward_o but_o those_o belong_v not_o to_o this_o place_n now_o we_o proceed_v unto_o the_o organ_n of_o the_o sense_n chap._n ii_o of_o the_o eye_n and_o part_n thereof_o we_o say_v before_o that_o the_o habitation_n or_o residence_n of_o four_o of_o the_o sense_n be_v contain_v in_o the_o face_n the_o five_o external_a sense_n which_o be_v the_o sense_n of_o touch_v be_v disperse_v sense_n why_o 5._o sense_n through_o the_o whole_a body_n &_o have_v no_o proper_a seat_n in_o the_o face_n all_o the_o rest_n have_v for_o the_o head_n be_v the_o seat_n of_o the_o animal_n faculty_n and_o the_o habitacle_n of_o the_o reasonable_a soul_n it_o be_v also_o necessary_a that_o the_o sense_n which_o as_o hypocrates_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr morbo_fw-la sacro_fw-la or_o of_o the_o fall_v sickness_n say_v be_v the_o messenger_n and_o interpreter_n of_o the_o soul_n shall_v also_o have_v their_o residence_n in_o the_o head_n these_o outward_a sense_n be_v five_o as_o there_o be_v five_o simple_a body_n the_o heaven_n and_o the_o four_o element_n wherefore_o according_a to_o the_o platonist_n the_o sight_n answer_v in_o proportion_n element_n how_o the_o sense_n answer_v the_o element_n to_o the_o element_n of_o star_n who_o object_n be_v shine_v the_o object_n of_o the_o smell_n be_v fiery_a and_o therefore_o it_o be_v say_v that_o fragrantia_fw-la be_v flagrantia_fw-la the_o object_n of_o the_o hear_v be_v airy_a the_o object_n of_o the_o taste_n be_v watery_a and_o of_o the_o touch_v earthy_a but_o amongst_o these_o the_o sight_n be_v the_o principal_a which_o with_o hear_v make_v a_o man_n life_n much_o more_o happy_a albeit_o without_o the_o taste_n no_o man_n can_v be_v so_o well_o nourish_v for_o those_o who_o either_o by_o nature_n or_o by_o accident_n be_v blind_a do_v account_v themselves_o therein_o miserable_a for_o as_o the_o sun_n say_v galen_n in_o the_o ten_o galen_n galen_n chapter_n of_o his_o three_o book_n de_fw-fr usu_fw-la partium_fw-la in_o the_o great_a world_n so_o be_v the_o eye_n in_o the_o body_n of_o a_o creature_n and_o therefore_o hesichius_n call_v they_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d solis_fw-la porte_fw-fr the_o door_n of_o the_o sun_n hesychius_n hesychius_n and_o therefore_o we_o will_v first_o entreat_v of_o the_o eye_n as_o also_o because_o amongst_o all_o the_o nerve_n the_o optic_a nerve_n have_v the_o first_o place_n the_o grecian_n call_v the_o eye_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d quasi_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d because_o it_o be_v the_o couch_n or_o bed_n out_o of_o which_o the_o sight_n shine_v and_o therefore_o the_o eye_n be_v call_v by_o other_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d because_o from_o eye_n the_o name_n of_o the_o eye_n they_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v the_o light_n proceed_v the_o latin_n as_o varro_n and_o lactantius_n call_v they_o oculi_fw-la abâ—culendo_fw-la vel_fw-la occultando_fw-la from_o hide_v because_o they_o be_v cover_v and_o hide_a within_o their_o lid_n these_o eye_n be_v the_o organ_n of_o the_o faculty_n of_o see_v which_o we_o use_v say_v galen_n in_o the_o five_o chapter_n of_o his_o 8._o book_n de_fw-fr usu_fw-la partium_fw-la as_o spy_n not_o only_o to_o avoid_v those_o thing_n which_o will_v offend_v we_o and_o to_o lead_v we_o unto_o that_o which_o be_v profitable_a which_o use_n be_v common_a to_o we_o with_o bruit_n beast_n but_o especial_o that_o by_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v visible_a we_o may_v take_v consideration_n of_o the_o omnipotency_n of_o the_o invisible_a god_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o plato_n say_v well_o that_o if_o we_o want_v our_o eye_n we_o shall_v be_v ignorant_a of_o that_o excellent_a order_n which_o nature_n have_v establish_v excellency_n their_o excellency_n in_o the_o frame_n of_o the_o world_n and_o of_o our_o own_o body_n aristotle_n add_v that_o the_o science_n or_o exquisite_a knowledge_n of_o all_o thing_n be_v exceed_v much_o further_v by_o the_o eye_n and_o therefore_o galen_n call_v they_o divine_a member_n see_v therefore_o their_o necessity_n be_v so_o great_a it_o be_v no_o wonder_n that_o god_n the_o creator_n make_v they_o after_o so_o excellent_a a_o manner_n as_o it_o be_v a_o curious_a model_n to_o manifest_v his_o majesty_n and_o wisdom_n they_o be_v situate_v in_o the_o head_n as_o in_o the_o high_a and_o best_a defensed_a place_n of_o the_o body_n immediate_o under_o the_o forehead_n as_o scoutwatche_n for_o as_o watchman_n be_v place_v in_o high_a stand_n situation_n their_o situation_n and_o turret_n that_o they_o may_v further_o of_o discern_v whether_o any_o enemy_n be_v approach_v or_o lie_v in_o ambush_n so_o the_o eye_n be_v set_v aloft_o to_o foresee_v and_o give_v warning_n of_o any_o danger_n that_o may_v be_v towards_o us._n galen_n and_o avicen_n have_v conceive_v that_o the_o head_n be_v especial_o make_v for_o the_o use_n of_o the_o eye_n their_o reason_n be_v because_o the_o optic_a nerve_n be_v very_o soft_a can_v not_o safe_o thereof_o the_o reason_n thereof_o be_v place_v far_o from_o they_o they_o be_v seat_v in_o the_o forepart_n of_o the_o head_n whereof_o galen_n in_o the_o first_o chapter_n of_o his_o ten_o book_n de_fw-fr usu_fw-la partium_fw-la render_v a_o reason_n because_o say_v he_o the_o instrument_n of_o this_o sense_n do_v require_v soft_a nerve_n which_o can_v not_o be_v produce_v from_o the_o cerebellum_fw-la or_o after-braine_n as_o be_v much_o hard_a than_o the_o brain_n itself_o moreover_o be_v place_v before_o they_o be_v direct_o oppose_v to_o their_o object_n and_o we_o move_v forward_o neither_o can_v we_o discern_v either_o on_o the_o side_n or_o behind_o we_o unless_o we_o turn_v our_o head_n about_o they_o be_v seat_v within_o bony_a cavity_n which_o pollux_n call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o orb_n &_o that_o for_o security_n haply_o also_o because_o the_o spirit_n may_v be_v less_o dissipate_v they_o be_v in_o number_n two_o as_o also_o be_v the_o other_o instrument_n of_o the_o sense_n move_v together_o and_o at_o once_o with_o the_o same_o motion_n that_o the_o sight_n may_v be_v more_o perfect_a for_o if_o number_n their_o number_n one_o of_o they_o have_v be_v lift_v uppe_o and_o the_o other_o depress_v
yet_o make_v not_o the_o membrane_n messa_n say_v that_o the_o sound_n be_v make_v by_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o small_a bone_n and_o thence_o we_o hear_v messa_n hear_v 9_o messa_n volcherus_fw-la coiter_v the_o outward_a air_n affect_v with_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o sound_n run_v coiter_v run_v 10._o coiter_v upon_o the_o membrane_n or_o head_n of_o the_o drum_n which_o when_o it_o be_v beat_v move_v the_o small_a bone_n that_o be_v tie_v to_o it_o the_o bone_n strike_v the_o nerve_n that_o run_v overthwart_o the_o membrane_n the_o same_o nerve_n make_v a_o repercussion_n upon_o the_o membrane_n whence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o air_n include_v receyve_v the_o alteration_n and_o the_o sound_n the_o sound_v without_o any_o disturbance_n be_v carry_v through_o the_o contort_a meander_n of_o the_o ear_n to_o the_o auditory_a nerve_n which_o receyve_v the_o image_n of_o the_o noise_n and_o present_v it_o to_o the_o principal_a sensator_fw-la laurentius_n have_v almost_o the_o very_a same_o in_o substance_n the_o outward_a aer_fw-la say_v he_o be_v strike_v laurentius_n strike_v 11._o laurentius_n by_o hard_a and_o solid_a body_n and_o affect_v with_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o sound_n alter_v the_o air_n that_o be_v next_o unto_o it_o till_o by_o a_o continuation_n it_o come_v to_o the_o ear_n where_o it_o first_o encounter_v with_o the_o membrane_n the_o membrane_n be_v strike_v move_v the_o three_o little_a bone_n and_o transmit_v in_o a_o moment_n the_o lively_a character_n of_o the_o sound_n which_o character_n be_v receyve_v by_o the_o implant_v air_n and_o through_o the_o window_n it_o send_v it_o through_o these_o crooked_a and_o wind_a labyrinth_n into_o the_o snail_n shell_n from_o whence_o it_o arrive_v at_o the_o auditory_a nerve_n and_o from_o thence_o be_v conveygh_v to_o the_o common_a sense_n as_o unto_o a_o equal_a judge_n or_o censor_n archangelus_n have_v it_o on_o this_o manner_n as_o near_o as_o i_o can_v understande_v he_o the_o thing_n that_o archangelus_n that_o 11._o archangelus_n make_v the_o sound_n seal_v or_o stamp_v in_o the_o air_n the_o species_n or_o form_n of_o the_o sound_n and_o withal_o drive_v it_o on_o unto_o the_o instrument_n of_o hear_v which_o be_v also_o airy_a that_o it_o may_v better_o receive_v those_o species_n and_o must_v likewise_o be_v move_v wherefore_o the_o hole_n of_o the_o ear_n stand_v always_o open_a and_o in_o his_o inside_n support_v the_o stretch_a membrane_n of_o the_o tympane_n behind_o which_o the_o airy_a instrument_n of_o hear_v be_v conclude_v or_o shut_v up_o and_o to_o which_o the_o anvile_n cleave_v when_o the_o outward_a air_n attain_v to_o that_o membrane_n the_o hammer_n beat_v upon_o the_o anvile_n and_o so_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v necessary_o that_o the_o instrument_n of_o hear_v by_o which_o he_o understand_v the_o implant_v air_n it_o move_v with_o the_o same_o motion_n that_o the_o outward_a air_n be_v move_v whence_o it_o be_v that_o altogether_o the_o same_o species_n or_o similitude_n of_o sound_n move_v the_o faculty_n of_o hear_v which_o be_v bring_v thither_o by_o the_o outward_a air_n now_o the_o nerve_n of_o hear_v do_v determine_v into_o the_o same_o place_n where_o this_o airy_a instrument_n of_o hear_v be_v conclude_v and_o a_o membrane_n make_v of_o the_o amplification_n of_o these_o nerve_n encompass_v that_o airy_a body_n as_o the_o optic_a nerve_n do_v arrive_v at_o the_o crystalline_a humour_n and_o as_o the_o optic_a nerve_n do_v convey_v upon_o the_o wing_n as_o it_o be_v of_o the_o animal_n spirit_n from_o the_o place_n of_o the_o common_a sense_n the_o visive_a faculty_n to_o the_o crystalline_a humour_n so_o these_o nerve_n from_o the_o same_o common_a sense_n do_v transport_v the_o faculty_n of_o hear_v to_o the_o principal_a organ_n of_o hear_v that_o there_o may_v be_v a_o perception_n make_v of_o audible_a thing_n and_o so_o the_o hear_v when_o it_o have_v apprehend_v the_o sound_n of_o a_o audible_a thing_n carry_v it_o to_o the_o soul_n and_o then_o the_o reason_n or_o the_o intellectual_a or_o sensative_a soul_n comprehend_v and_o take_v knowledge_n of_o that_o which_o make_v the_o sound_n to_o be_v a_o bell_n or_o a_o drum_n or_o any_o other_o thing_n final_o bauhine_v my_o author_n i_o call_v he_o so_o often_o my_o author_n to_o stop_v their_o mouth_n bauhine_v mouth_n 13._o bauhine_v who_o will_v think_v that_o i_o shall_v arragate_v too_o much_o to_o myself_o if_o i_o shall_v not_o acknowledge_v he_o from_o who_o i_o have_v take_v most_o of_o this_o history_n express_v it_o on_o this_o manner_n the_o outward_a air_n be_v a_o external_a medium_fw-la which_o be_v drive_v and_o move_v by_o the_o mutual_a percussion_n of_o two_o hard_a body_n and_o affect_v with_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o sound_n carry_v the_o sound_n which_o result_v from_o that_o percussion_n unto_o the_o eare._n the_o sound_n pass_v through_o the_o hole_n of_o hear_v which_o be_v always_o open_a unto_o the_o membrane_n of_o the_o tympane_n which_o it_o move_v that_o membrane_n be_v move_v the_o implant_v or_o inbred_a air_n be_v also_o move_v and_o receive_v the_o sound_n or_o at_o least_o his_o character_n or_o impression_n and_o transport_v it_o out_o of_o the_o first_o cavity_n of_o the_o stonybone_n through_o the_o hole_n of_o the_o stirrup_n and_o the_o ouall_a window_n to_o the_o other_o two_o cavity_n which_o we_o call_v the_o labyrinth_n and_o the_o snayle-shel_n from_o thence_o it_o be_v convey_v to_o the_o auditory_a nerve_n and_o to_o the_o original_n thereof_o that_o be_v the_o afterbrain_n and_o so_o to_o the_o common_a sense_n as_o unto_o a_o judge_n that_o be_v able_a to_o determine_v of_o the_o difference_n of_o sound_n and_o because_o the_o auditory_a nerve_n be_v join_v in_o the_o bridge_n of_o the_o afterbrain_n from_o whence_o they_o proceed_v therefore_o all_o sound_n be_v apprehend_v in_o one_o comprehension_n not_o in_o two_o though_o there_o be_v two_o ear_n that_o be_v two_o organ_n of_o hear_v but_o least_o the_o membrane_n before_o mention_v shall_v be_v drive_v too_o much_o inward_a by_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o outward_a air_n when_o it_o be_v violent_o beat_v nature_n provide_v three_o small_a bone_n and_o muscle_n as_o we_o have_v show_v before_o to_o prevent_v that_o inconvenience_n the_o use_n of_o the_o sense_n of_o hear_v according_a to_o aristotle_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr sensu_fw-la &_o sensili_fw-la be_v to_o acquire_v or_o get_v knowledge_n and_o wisdom_n for_o speech_n be_v a_o audible_a thing_n be_v the_o very_a cause_n of_o learning_n again_o by_o the_o hear_a thing_n be_v signify_v to_o ourselves_o as_o by_o aristotle_n the_o useof_o the_o hear_v aristotle_n our_o voice_n and_o tongue_n we_o be_v able_a to_o signify_v any_o thing_n to_o another_o as_o aristotle_n have_v well_o observe_v in_o the_o end_n of_o his_o three_o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la and_o so_o much_o shall_v have_v be_v sufficient_a to_o have_v speak_v concern_v the_o sense_n of_o hear_v wherein_o i_o find_v that_o i_o have_v great_a cause_n to_o entreat_v my_o reader_n favourablie_o to_o deprecation_n a_o deprecation_n read_v over_o this_o discourse_n and_o to_o pardon_v i_o if_o in_o some_o thing_n i_o have_v not_o so_o full_o satisfy_v he_o for_o there_o be_v some_o passage_n in_o my_o author_n wherein_o i_o have_v be_v entangle_v partly_o by_o the_o difficulty_n of_o the_o matter_n partly_o by_o the_o fault_n of_o the_o printer_n for_o in_o such_o a_o case_n as_o this_o the_o least_o error_n may_v prove_v a_o sufficient_a remora_fw-la or_o obstacle_n to_o interrupt_v the_o course_n of_o a_o discourse_n but_o as_o near_o as_o i_o can_v i_o have_v follow_v their_o word_n at_o least_o their_o meaning_n if_o they_o understand_v themselves_o as_o of_o some_o of_o they_o i_o make_v much_o doubt_n chap._n xxvi_o of_o the_o nose_n which_o be_v the_o instrmment_n of_o smell_a have_v absolve_v the_o history_n of_o those_o many_o particle_n which_o belong_v unto_o the_o sense_n of_o hear_v we_o will_v now_o come_v to_o the_o three_o outward_a sense_n which_o be_v the_o smell_a as_o therefore_o we_o say_v in_o the_o ear_n that_o there_o be_v a_o outward_a ear_n and_o a_o inward_a ear_n so_o must_v we_o also_o divide_v the_o nose_n into_o a_o outward_a and_o inward_a the_o outward_a nose_n carry_v with_o it_o say_v laurentius_n a_o kind_n of_o beauty_n yea_o of_o majesty_n and_o the_o egyptian_n in_o their_o hyeroglyphick_n signify_v a_o wise_a and_o use_n the_o outward_a use_n prudent_a man_n by_o a_o nose_n and_o festus_n call_v such_o wise_a man_n nasutos_fw-la as_o if_o they_o be_v able_a to_o send_v or_o smell_v the_o politic_a stratagem_n of_o other_o man_n beside_o man_n only_o those_o creature_n nasuti_n nasuti_n have_v this_o outward_a nose_n that_o have_v four_o foot_n and_o bring_v
componere_fw-la curem_fw-la non_fw-la magis_fw-la esse_fw-la velim_fw-la quam_fw-la pravo_fw-la vivere_fw-la naso_n shall_v i_o indite_v i_o have_v as_o lief_a my_o nose_n shall_v stand_v awry_o as_o fair_o to_o begin_v my_o work_n and_o patch_v up_o bunger_o it_o also_o a_o very_a memorable_a example_n for_o we_o may_v mingle_v thing_n thus_o holy_a with_o profane_a which_o we_o read_v in_o our_o english_a chronicle_n concern_v one_o ebba_n a_o abbess_n in_o a_o certain_a nunnery_n who_o cut_v of_o she_o own_o nose_n &_o the_o nose_n of_o her_o nun_n that_o be_v so_o deform_v they_o history_n a_o history_n may_v avoid_v the_o hateful_a lust_n of_o the_o dane_n take_v it_o for_o grant_v that_o the_o nose_n be_v the_o chief_a ornament_n of_o the_o face_n and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o in_o ancient_a time_n when_o they_o will_v put_v any_o man_n to_o great_a disgrace_n and_o ignominy_n or_o disappoint_v they_o of_o all_o hope_n of_o attain_v to_o any_o degree_n of_o honour_n or_o the_o government_n of_o a_o state_n they_o cut_v off_o their_o ear_n and_o nose_n yea_o those_o which_o have_v such_o deform_a nose_n be_v neither_o admit_v to_o any_o priestly_a function_n nor_o imperial_a office_n so_o far_o be_v it_o from_o they_o to_o account_v they_o worthy_a honour_n who_o be_v destitute_a of_o this_o honourable_a organ_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o prince_n of_o poet_n virgil_n in_o the_o 6._o of_o his_o aenead_n do_v call_v the_o cut_n of_o the_o nose_n vulnus_fw-la inhonestum_fw-la a_o wound_n full_a of_o shame_n and_o reproach_n to_o these_o we_o may_v add_v that_o the_o nose_n it_o necessary_a for_o our_o very_a life_n in_o so_o much_o as_o nature_n have_v make_v it_o the_o instrument_n of_o respiration_n without_o which_o we_o can_v live_v one_o moment_n life_n the_o nose_n be_v necessary_a to_o life_n for_o when_o the_o lung_n need_v more_o air_n then_o ordinary_a we_o perceive_v the_o side_n of_o the_o nostril_n to_o be_v move_v sometime_o not_o without_o violence_n but_o cut_v short_a a_o whole_a troop_n of_o commendation_n we_o will_v proceed_v unto_o the_o hear_n which_o no_o voice_n no_o not_o a_o river_n of_o eloquence_n be_v able_a to_o extol_v with_o due_a praise_n if_o we_o do_v but_o contemplate_v the_o cunning_a skill_n and_o diligence_n which_o nature_n have_v use_v in_o the_o fabric_n of_o this_o organ_n &_o more_o accurat_o intend_v how_o many_o wind_a involution_n burrow_n eare._n the_o wonnd_a full_a work_n of_o the_o eare._n hole_n shell_n den_n and_o dark_a cave_n like_o labyrinth_n she_o have_v prepare_v and_o furnish_v therein_o i_o add_v further_o that_o by_o the_o benefit_n hereof_o we_o attain_v unto_o the_o knowledge_n of_o all_o kind_n of_o science_n in_o respect_n of_o which_o tully_n do_v equalise_v we_o with_o the_o go_n for_o these_o art_n be_v not_o ingraft_v in_o we_o by_o nature_n but_o to_o be_v obtain_v otherwhere_o for_o say_v lactantius_n it_o be_v the_o property_n of_o god_n and_o not_o of_o man_n to_o have_v proper_a knowledge_n that_o be_v arise_v out_o of_o himself_o mind_n hear_v be_v the_o gate_n of_o the_o mind_n for_o this_o cause_n nature_n have_v by_o a_o divine_a skill_n make_v the_o ear_n open_a that_o we_o may_v always_o hear_v when_o learned_a man_n shall_v teach_v &_o discourse_v learned_o and_o lay_v up_o in_o the_o register_n of_o our_o mind_n that_o which_o we_o have_v hear_v and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o constantinus_n call_v hear_v the_o door_n of_o the_o mind_n because_o hereby_o we_o enter_v into_o the_o knowledge_n of_o other_o man_n conceit_n and_o whatsoever_o be_v conclude_v within_o be_v as_o it_o be_v unlock_v and_o lay_v open_a by_o this_o sense_n of_o hear_v but_o some_o will_v haply_o say_v that_o we_o may_v attain_v unto_o knowledge_n by_o read_v without_o any_o help_n of_o hear_v we_o answer_v thus_o that_o no_o man_n know_v how_o to_o read_v which_o have_v not_o first_o learn_v it_o by_o the_o mean_n of_o hear_v i_o will_v omit_v that_o which_o be_v sound_a by_o experience_n that_o a_o live_n and_o audible_a voice_n do_v better_a instruct_v then_o the_o silent_a read_n of_o book_n and_o that_o thing_n hear_v take_v a_o deep_a impression_n in_o the_o mind_n then_o those_o which_o be_v only_o read_v and_o hence_o haply_o be_v plinte_n bring_v to_o believe_v the_o memory_n have_v his_o place_n in_o the_o memory_n hear_v be_v the_o sense_n of_o memory_n low_a part_n of_o the_o eare._n other_o there_o be_v who_o do_v call_v hear_v the_o sense_n of_o memory_n whence_o in_o their_o hieroglyphic_n they_o be_v wont_v to_o decipher_v and_o paint_v memory_n a_o hand_n hold_v a_o ear_n i_o also_o pass_v this_o by_o that_o hear_v be_v after_o a_o sort_n the_o spy_n of_o the_o life_n and_o manner_n whereupon_o isocrates_n desirous_a to_o try_v the_o towardness_n of_o a_o young_a man_n who_o he_o see_v speak_v say_v he_o that_o i_o may_v see_v and_o in_o holy_a writ_n job_n command_v that_o they_o bend_v their_o ear_n and_o see_v account_v for_o certain_a that_o the_o hear_v be_v the_o very_a mean_n of_o discern_v &_o judge_v of_o man_n mind_n but_o the_o desire_n i_o have_v of_o brevity_n command_v i_o to_o abridge_v my_o discourse_n there_o remain_v now_o of_o the_o external_a sense_n only_a sight_n which_o if_o it_o be_v not_o superior_a and_o above_o the_o sight_n the_o praise_n of_o sight_n precedent_a sense_n in_o dignity_n and_o honour_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o a_o whit_n inferior_a to_o any_o of_o they_o i_o say_v in_o dignity_n not_o in_o necessity_n for_o if_o thereby_o we_o esteem_v their_o prerogative_n sight_n must_v come_v behind_o but_o if_o you_o respect_v the_o situation_n the_o conformation_n and_o the_o use_n of_o this_o organ_n you_o may_v pronounce_v it_o more_o worthy_a by_o many_o degree_n than_o any_o of_o the_o other_o for_o their_o situation_n and_o place_n it_o be_v in_o the_o most_o erect_a region_n and_o divine_a part_n beside_o figure_n from_o their_o place_n figure_n provident_a nature_n have_v on_o every_o side_n bound_v they_o with_o a_o concavous_a valley_n they_o have_v asphericall_a or_o round_a figure_n which_o be_v no_o small_a argument_n of_o their_o excellency_n see_v nature_n be_v never_o wont_a to_o use_v this_o noble_a figure_n but_o when_o she_o endevoure_v to_o effect_v some_o difficult_a or_o excellent_a work_n and_o for_o their_o use_n we_o may_v thence_o easy_o infer_v their_o pre-eminence_n for_o beside_o that_o they_o watch_n for_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o creature_n detect_v thing_n hurtful_a manifest_v thing_n profitable_a and_o lay_v open_a the_o difference_n of_o all_o thing_n which_o be_v contain_v in_o this_o large_a universe_n they_o bring_v we_o unto_o the_o knowledge_n of_o all_o thing_n so_o that_o they_o alone_o be_v fit_a and_o sufficient_a for_o invention_n and_o discovery_n of_o art_n and_o which_o be_v the_o most_o all_o they_o do_v make_v manifest_a the_o great_a creator_n of_o all_o thing_n by_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v visible_a in_o the_o blind_a and_o use_v the_o miserable_a condition_n of_o the_o blind_a knowledge_n of_o who_o do_v our_o chief_a happiness_n consist_v they_o therefore_o which_o be_v destitute_a of_o these_o most_o divine_a organ_n may_v true_o profess_v themselves_o miserable_a see_v they_o remain_v in_o perpetual_a darkness_n can_v admire_v and_o contemplate_v the_o work_n of_o almighty_a god_n nor_o behold_v the_o infinite_a variety_n of_o the_o kind_n of_o thing_n neither_o yet_o dare_v ever_o affirm_v that_o they_o know_v any_o thing_n certain_o because_o of_o force_n they_o must_v believe_v that_o which_o the_o hear_v relate_v to_o they_o from_o other_o that_o spiritual_a and_o most_o noble_a object_n of_o the_o eye_n i_o mean_v the_o light_n which_o be_v they_o queen_n of_o all_o quality_n who_o do_v not_o admire_v and_o hence_o also_o conclude_v the_o supremacy_n of_o this_o sense_n for_o the_o eye_n by_o the_o fruition_n of_o light_n do_v distinguish_v life_n from_o death_n do_v noble_a the_o object_n of_o the_o eye_n most_o noble_a not_o hypocrates_n the_o pillar_n of_o physic_n propound_v unto_o we_o most_o certain_a sign_n of_o the_o passion_n of_o the_o mind_n by_o the_o eye_n by_o these_o as_o by_o window_n we_o may_v pry_v into_o and_o penetrate_v the_o deep_a and_o most_o secret_a convayance_n in_o the_o soul_n and_o therefore_o alexander_n not_o unaduised_o say_v that_o the_o eye_n be_v the_o lookingglass_n of_o the_o souâ—e_n whereupon_o some_o famous_a philosopher_n have_v place_v the_o chief_a seat_n of_o the_o soul_n in_o the_o eye_n for_o these_o eye_n do_v burn_v and_o shine_v they_o twinkle_n they_o wink_v they_o be_v sorrowful_a they_o laugh_v they_o admire_v they_o love_v they_o lust_n they_o flatter_v and_o in_o one_o word_n they_o decipher_v and_o paint_v the_o image_n of_o the_o
mind_n with_o so_o artificial_a a_o pencil_n that_o they_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o second_o soul_n what_o shall_v we_o say_v more_o do_v not_o galen_n himself_o so_o high_o extol_v this_o organ_n that_o he_o think_v the_o brain_n be_v only_o frame_v eye_n the_o brain_n be_v make_v for_o the_o eye_n for_o their_o sake_n a_o part_n so_o necessary_a and_o excellent_a that_o it_o make_v we_o very_o much_o resemble_v the_o very_a divine_a nature_n and_o do_v he_o not_o moreover_o write_v that_o the_o whole_a head_n have_v the_o high_a place_n in_o the_o body_n only_o because_o of_o the_o eye_n a_o commendation_n doubtless_o wonderful_a yet_o not_o more_o admirable_a than_o competent_a &_o worthy_o deserve_v for_o be_v a_o man_n of_o great_a and_o profound_a knowledge_n he_o consider_v world_n that_o it_o be_v a_o little_a world_n that_o the_o eye_n be_v the_o true_a microcosm_n or_o little_a world_n in_o respect_n of_o their_o exact_a roundness_n and_o revolution_n wherein_o beside_o the_o membrane_n which_o i_o dare_v bold_o call_v the_o seven_o sphere_n of_o heaven_n there_o be_v also_o the_o four_o element_n find_v eye_n the_o four_o element_n in_o the_o eye_n that_o fire_n be_v there_o we_o will_v prove_v in_o a_o convenient_a time_n and_o place_n that_o there_o be_v air_n who_o will_v deny_v which_o understand_v with_o what_o plenty_n of_o spirit_n they_o do_v abound_v as_o for_o water_n who_o do_v not_o see_v it_o in_o the_o eye_n do_v prove_v himself_o more_o blind_a than_o a_o beetle_n all_o the_o other_o part_n we_o will_v liken_v to_o the_o earth_n if_o you_o look_v upon_o the_o pupilla_fw-la or_o apple_n shall_v not_o you_o see_v shine_a star_n yea_o rather_o a_o eye_n the_o apple_n &_o rainbow_n of_o the_o eye_n beam_a sun_n wherefore_o thou_o may_v not_o unfit_o call_v the_o eye_n with_o the_o poet_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o gate_n of_o the_o sun_n shall_v you_o not_o perceive_v here_o the_o diverse-coloured_n rainbow_n frame_v with_o a_o sevenfold_a circle_n shall_v you_o not_o also_o observe_v hail_n and_o infinite_a other_o thing_n which_o do_v most_o full_o declare_v the_o excellency_n of_o this_o sense_n by_o themselves_o without_o any_o additament_n of_o our_o oration_n agellius_n agellius_n but_o see_v as_o agellius_n say_v it_o be_v more_o blame-worthy_a to_o praise_v a_o thing_n slight_o &_o coldlie_o then_o earnest_o to_o dispraise_v it_o lest_o we_o shall_v seem_v to_o prejudice_n the_o worth_n of_o so_o excellent_a work_n of_o nature_n we_o will_v here_o make_v stay_n and_o address_v the_o small_a portion_n of_o our_o capacity_n unto_o a_o more_o abstruse_a contemplation_n concern_v the_o nature_n manner_n number_n order_n medium_fw-la object_n and_o organ_n of_o all_o the_o sense_n in_o general_n afterward_o we_o will_v descend_v unto_o particular_n qvest._n i._n what_o sense_n be_v have_v by_o way_n of_o praeface_n set_v forth_o the_o excellency_n of_o the_o sense_n we_o be_v to_o proceed_v unto_o a_o more_o full_a discourse_n of_o they_o which_o that_o we_o may_v the_o better_o accomplish_v before_o we_o assay_v their_o particular_a handle_n we_o will_v take_v a_o taste_n of_o they_o in_o general_a which_o may_v aristotle_n the_o definition_n of_o sense_n by_o aristotle_n make_v way_n to_o the_o particular_n and_o may_v serve_v instead_o of_o a_o preamble_n for_o the_o better_a understanding_n of_o the_o reader_n first_o of_o all_o therefore_o it_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v what_o sense_n be_v aristotle_n in_o the_o 2._o de_fw-fr anima_fw-la text_n 12._o say_v that_o sense_n be_v that_o which_o can_v receive_v sensible_a form_n without_o any_o matter_n but_o he_o seem_v to_o define_v sense_n in_o potentia_fw-la only_a or_o power_n which_o haply_o he_o will_v insinuate_v by_o the_o word_n potest_fw-la or_o can_v especial_o because_o this_o can_v be_v a_o true_a definition_n of_o sense_n as_o it_o do_v indeed_o and_o real_o perceive_v for_o a_o glass_n also_o do_v receive_v grammaticus_n john_n grammaticus_n sensible_a form_n without_o any_o material_a substance_n &_o yet_o that_o perception_n be_v no_o sense_n whence_o johan._n grami_n upon_o the_o 127_o text_n of_o the_o second_o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la say_v to_o be_v able_a to_o perceive_v be_v not_o only_o to_o receive_v species_n or_o form_n without_o the_o matter_n but_o there_o be_v also_o requisite_a a_o animal_n faculty_n which_o be_v not_o in_o all_o thing_n that_o receive_v the_o form_n of_o sensible_a thing_n without_o aphrodis_fw-la alex._n aphrodis_fw-la the_o matter_n as_o if_o he_o have_v say_v even_o as_o it_o be_v in_o glass_n but_o the_o philosopher_n will_v show_v what_o manner_n of_o perception_n be_v necessary_a to_o sense_n that_o it_o have_v the_o act_n of_o perception_n and_o how_o the_o object_n ought_v to_o be_v dispose_v except_o by_o the_o word_n perceive_v he_o understand_v discern_v which_o philosopher_n do_v sometime_o promiscuous_o use_v as_o we_o may_v gather_v out_o of_o alexander_n aphrodisaeus_n who_o upon_o the_o 3._o book_n of_o the_o metaphysic_n say_v that_o sense_n be_v a_o apprehension_n or_o discern_v of_o present_a sensible_a thing_n which_o be_v without_o the_o sensorium_n or_o organ_n and_o this_o be_v sense_n in_o deed_n and_o act_n for_o we_o definition_n simplicius_n definition_n be_v then_o say_v to_o perceive_v when_o we_o discern_v the_o object_n which_o simplicius_n upon_o the_o 155._o text_n of_o the_o three_o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la have_v well_o note_v define_v sense_n to_o be_v acknowledge_v or_o discern_v stir_v uppe_o in_o the_o organ_n first_o receyve_v his_o act_n from_o the_o sensible_a object_n so_o that_o aristotle_n by_o receyve_v understand_v nothing_o but_o the_o knowledge_n or_o discern_v of_o the_o object_n and_o the_o same_o definition_n he_o do_v accurate_o and_o distinct_o declare_v in_o the_o second_o chapter_n and_o 138_o text_n of_o the_o three_o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la where_o he_o say_v that_o the_o instrument_n of_o everte_a sense_n do_v receive_v the_o sensible_a object_n without_o any_o matter_n and_o therefore_o the_o object_n be_v remoove_v there_o be_v in_o the_o instrument_n of_o the_o sense_n sensation_n and_o imagination_n what_o can_v be_v more_o evident_a for_o how_o can_v the_o sense_n of_o that_o object_n remain_v in_o the_o organ_n when_o obâ—ect_n all_o sense_n be_v make_v with_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o obâ—ect_n the_o object_n be_v set_v aside_o if_o it_o shall_v only_o receive_v it_o without_o any_o act_n of_o discern_v be_v we_o not_o teach_v the_o contrary_a in_o glass_n which_o because_o they_o only_o receive_v but_o know_v or_o discern_v nothing_o therefore_o present_o as_o the_o object_n be_v remoove_v they_o lose_v the_o image_n we_o will_v therefore_o out_o of_o this_o which_o have_v be_v say_v gather_v a_o most_o clear_a and_o absolute_a definition_n of_o sense_n on_o this_o manner_n that_o sense_n be_v a_o knowledge_n or_o discern_v of_o the_o object_n receive_v formal_o in_o the_o organ_n quest_n ii_o what_o action_n be_v and_o how_o action_n and_o use_n do_v differ_v averrhoe_n very_o worthy_o say_v in_o the_o first_o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la and_o the_o 51._o text_n that_o the_o first_o and_o chief_a consideration_n of_o sense_n be_v whether_o it_o be_v to_o be_v account_v amongst_o the_o active_a or_o passive_a virtue_n or_o faculty_n of_o the_o soul_n that_o be_v whether_o it_o be_v accomplish_v by_o action_n or_o passion_n for_o he_o which_o be_v ignorant_a of_o this_o can_v never_o attain_v to_o the_o perfect_a knowledge_n of_o the_o manner_n of_o sensation_n consider_v therefore_o of_o this_o matter_n by_o the_o counsel_n of_o auerrhoe_n i_o have_v here_o determine_v for_o the_o more_o evident_a clear_n of_o this_o question_n to_o declare_v what_o action_n be_v and_o also_o what_o passion_n be_v action_n therefore_o which_o the_o greek_n call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v a_o certain_a active_a motion_n proceed_v be_v what_o action_n be_v from_o any_o thing_n fit_a for_o action_n for_o the_o obtain_n of_o some_o thing_n it_o be_v call_v a_o active_a motion_n by_o galen_n in_o the_o first_o chapter_n of_o his_o 17_o book_n de_fw-fr usu_fw-la partium_fw-la and_o in_o many_o other_o place_n and_o that_o not_o without_o good_a reason_n see_v that_o there_o be_v as_o well_o a_o active_a motion_n as_o a_o passive_a motion_n many_o call_v that_o a_o active_a motion_n which_o be_v perform_v by_o the_o proper_a nature_n of_o motion_n why_o action_n be_v call_v a_o active_a motion_n the_o thing_n and_o of_o itself_o alone_o and_o that_o passive_a which_o be_v cause_v by_o some_o external_a agent_n as_o for_o example_n the_o walk_v of_o a_o creature_n be_v a_o active_a motion_n in_o regard_n that_o it_o proceed_v from_o the_o proper_a &_o internal_a faculty_n of_o the_o creature_n but_o the_o cast_n of_o a_o stone_n upward_o be_v what_o active_a
her_o faculty_n capable_a neither_o can_v the_o sensative_a faculty_n alter_v or_o change_v the_o object_n and_o this_o be_v plain_a as_o solution_n the_o faculty_n can_v change_v the_o object_n solution_n by_o many_o other_o reason_n so_o also_o because_o her_o sole_a and_o only_a action_n be_v sensation_n i_o say_v therefore_o how_o come_v it_o to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o his_o object_n and_o what_o be_v the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o the_o diiudication_n or_o judgement_n which_o the_o faculty_n give_v of_o the_o sensible_a object_n which_o we_o perceive_v to_o arise_v from_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o organ_n i_o answer_v that_o the_o sensative_a faculty_n do_v suffer_v and_o be_v change_v by_o the_o object_n not_o by_o organ_n the_o organ_n be_v change_v by_o itself_o the_o faculty_n as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o organ_n itself_o but_o by_o accident_n to_o wit_n as_o the_o organ_n who_o formal_a part_n &_o essence_n the_o faculty_n be_v be_v change_v by_o it_o for_o see_v the_o faculty_n be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o form_n from_o whence_o the_o action_n of_o the_o organ_n do_v proceed_v when_o this_o corporeal_a instrument_n be_v change_v by_o the_o sensible_a object_n it_o remain_v that_o the_o faculty_n itself_o which_o together_o with_o his_o sensible_a instrument_n do_v grow_v up_o into_o one_o body_n and_o do_v both_o conspire_v unto_o the_o same_o action_n be_v alter_v by_o accident_n and_o do_v perceive_v the_o alteration_n of_o his_o organ_n for_o all_o organ_n of_o sensation_n do_v suffer_v by_o reason_n of_o their_o body_n but_o in_o respect_n of_o their_o sensative_a faculty_n they_o perform_v a_o act_n passion_n do_v affect_v the_o faculty_n as_o it_o depend_v upon_o the_o organ_n action_n be_v the_o diiudication_n of_o judgement_n which_o be_v the_o office_n of_o the_o sensitive_a faculty_n or_o of_o the_o whole_a organ_n in_o respect_n of_o that_o faculty_n wherewith_o it_o be_v endow_v not_o that_o the_o faculty_n itself_o be_v alter_v or_o do_v suffer_v but_o because_o it_o perceyve_v the_o alteration_n of_o the_o organ_n qvest._n ix_o whether_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o sensible_a thing_n be_v perfect_v in_o the_o organ_n although_o it_o be_v make_v manifest_a by_o that_o which_o have_v be_v say_v that_o the_o proper_a action_n of_o the_o sensative_a faculty_n be_v the_o diiudication_n of_o the_o sensible_a thing_n yet_o there_o seem_v to_o be_v some_o difficulty_n behind_o for_o if_o the_o faculty_n do_v make_v this_o judgement_n of_o the_o object_n in_o the_o sensorium_fw-la or_o organ_n than_o those_o which_o sleep_n with_o open_a eye_n shall_v also_o see_v because_o the_o colour_n do_v alter_v the_o organ_n in_o like_a manner_n a_o sound_n may_v be_v hear_v odour_n smell_v and_o any_o tactile_a quality_n may_v be_v feel_v by_o we_o see_v that_o the_o organ_n be_v alter_v by_o the_o object_n and_o yet_o when_o we_o be_v asleep_a we_o neither_o do_v see_v nor_o hear_v nor_o perceyve_v with_o any_o other_o sense_n except_o the_o object_n be_v very_o vehement_a have_v therefore_o the_o poet_n true_o feign_v that_o sleep_n be_v the_o brother_n of_o death_n because_o it_o do_v deprive_v we_o of_o all_o our_o disproove_v the_o poet_n say_v sleep_n be_v the_o brother_n of_o death_n disproove_v sense_n yea_o of_o our_o very_a touch_n insomuch_o that_o it_o seem_v to_o extinguish_v the_o creature_n &_o beâ—eave_v it_o not_o of_o sense_n only_o but_o of_o life_n also_o or_o else_o do_v we_o perceyve_v while_o we_o sleep_v and_o know_v not_o that_o we_o have_v sense_n the_o first_o can_v be_v for_o although_o sleep_n have_v a_o great_a correspondency_n and_o affinity_n with_o death_n yet_o it_o do_v not_o deprive_v the_o creature_n of_o sense_n for_o sense_n what_o thing_n do_v concur_v to_o sense_n these_o thing_n do_v concur_v unto_o sense_n a_o convenient_a object_n a_o organ_n fit_o dispose_v the_o alteration_n of_o the_o same_o organ_n and_o a_o sensitive_a faculty_n all_o which_o thing_n we_o have_v even_o when_o we_o sleep_v first_o the_o object_n be_v present_a for_o colour_n though_o we_o be_v asleep_a yet_o be_v it_o the_o object_n of_o fight_n and_o continue_v to_o be_v actuallie_o a_o object_n as_o long_o as_o it_o be_v illuminate_v with_o the_o light_n of_o a_o candle_n or_o with_o the_o daylight_n so_o also_o it_o be_v with_o sound_n odour_n and_o other_o object_n of_o the_o sense_n the_o organ_n be_v also_o present_a and_o so_o be_v the_o alteration_n of_o the_o same_o see_v there_o be_v nothing_o which_o can_v hinder_v the_o operation_n of_o the_o sensible_a species_n upon_o the_o organ_n or_o the_o alteration_n of_o the_o same_o neither_o be_v the_o faculty_n want_v for_o if_o the_o faculty_n of_o one_o sense_n shall_v fail_v all_o the_o sense_n will_v be_v forfeit_v and_o so_o of_o a_o live_a creature_n shall_v be_v make_v a_o plant_n deprive_v of_o sense_n and_o motion_n moreover_o though_o we_o sleep_v yet_o our_o organ_n live_v and_o they_o live_v by_o the_o soul_n if_o whole_a the_o soul_n with_o her_o faculty_n be_v whole_o in_o the_o whole_a therefore_o the_o soul_n with_o all_o her_o power_n and_o faculty_n be_v whole_o in_o the_o whole_a and_o whole_o in_o every_o part_n it_o must_v needs_o be_v that_o if_o the_o creature_n live_v the_o faculty_n of_o sense_n must_v be_v present_a in_o every_o place_n where_o the_o soul_n be_v but_o the_o soul_n be_v find_v in_o the_o organ_n of_o sense_n yea_o even_o when_o we_o be_v asleep_a except_o you_o will_v say_v that_o the_o soul_n die_v when_o we_o fall_v asleep_a wherefore_o it_o necessary_o follow_v that_o the_o faculty_n of_o sense_n be_v there_o also_o present_a in_o the_o organ_n see_v therefore_o in_o sleep_n we_o have_v the_o object_n actuallie_o prepare_v unto_o sensation_n see_v not_o we_o have_v sense_n in_o sleep_n but_o know_v it_o not_o also_o the_o organ_n fit_o dispose_v be_v not_o want_v and_o the_o judge_a faculty_n at_o hand_n and_o that_o nothing_o more_o be_v require_v unto_o perfect_a sense_n it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v doubt_v but_o that_o sensation_n may_v be_v absolve_v in_o the_o organ_n and_o judgement_n also_o give_v of_o the_o object_n even_o when_o we_o be_v fast_o asleep_a but_o the_o reason_n why_o we_o do_v not_o perceyve_v this_o sensation_n be_v not_o because_o we_o have_v no_o sense_n at_o all_o but_o because_o we_o know_v not_o that_o we_o have_v sense_n qvest._n x._o that_o by_o our_o outward_a sense_n we_o do_v not_o know_v that_o we_o have_v sense_n that_o we_o do_v perceive_v by_o the_o organ_n of_o our_o sense_n be_v evident_a enough_o by_o that_o which_o have_v be_v say_v but_o it_o be_v doubtful_a and_o uncertain_a how_o we_o shall_v know_v that_o we_o have_v sense_n see_v that_o this_o knowledge_n be_v not_o gather_v from_o the_o external_a sense_n for_o whatsoever_o be_v perceive_v by_o they_o must_v be_v their_o proper_a object_n but_o sensation_n be_v the_o object_n of_o no_o external_a sense_n moreover_o the_o external_a sense_n know_v nothing_o but_o external_a thing_n but_o the_o acknowledgement_n of_o sensation_n be_v no_o external_a but_o a_o internal_a thing_n wherefore_o it_o can_v be_v perceive_v by_o the_o external_a sense_n three_o if_o together_o and_o with_o the_o same_o sense_n we_o shall_v perceive_v and_o take_v knowledge_n of_o this_o perception_n it_o will_v then_o necessary_o follow_v that_o the_o act_n of_o perceive_v and_o the_o object_n of_o sense_n shall_v be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o thing_n which_o how_o absurd_a it_o be_v i_o refer_v i_o to_o any_o man_n to_o esteem_v last_o we_o do_v not_o at_o the_o same_o time_n perceive_v and_o judge_n of_o that_o which_o we_o have_v perceive_v but_o somewhat_o after_o the_o act_n of_o sensation_n we_o know_v that_o we_o do_v perceive_v a_o manifest_a argument_n that_o the_o one_o be_v a_o diverse_a act_n from_o the_o other_o and_o that_o with_o one_o sense_n we_o do_v perceive_v and_o with_o another_o know_v that_o we_o do_v perceive_v but_o this_o may_v especial_o hence_o be_v convince_v that_o blind_a man_n though_o they_o do_v not_o see_v yet_o they_o perceive_v that_o they_o do_v not_o see_v see_v therefore_o the_o organ_n of_o their_o sight_n be_v unfit_a for_o vision_n it_o do_v necessary_o follow_v that_o it_o be_v by_o another_o sense_n that_o they_o perceive_v themselves_o not_o to_o see_v now_o if_o it_o be_v by_o another_o sense_n that_o we_o know_v that_o we_o do_v not_o perceive_v sure_o it_o be_v another_o sense_n also_o by_o which_o we_o know_v that_o we_o do_v perceive_v qvest._n xi_o whence_o it_o be_v that_o we_o perceive_v that_o we_o have_v sense_n if_o therefore_o none_o of_o the_o external_a sense_n do_v perform_v this_o function_n what_o may_v reason_n we_o know_v not_o that_o we_o perceive_v
or_o justle_n one_o against_o another_o the_o medium_n wherein_o they_o be_v move_v endure_v betwixt_o they_o a_o compression_n that_o compression_n end_v in_o attrition_n that_o attrition_n in_o fraction_n and_o that_o fraction_n kindle_v as_o it_o be_v at_o resonance_n wherefore_o aristotle_n say_v well_o in_o the_o 78._o text_n of_o his_o second_o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la that_o a_o sound_n be_v always_o actuate_v when_o one_o thing_n move_v against_o another_o in_o a_o three_o find_v that_o the_o fraction_n be_v not_o the_o find_v but_o although_o the_o air_n thus_o beat_v and_o break_v make_v a_o find_v yet_o the_o very_a fraction_n of_o the_o air_n be_v not_o the_o sound_n neither_o the_o next_o and_o immediate_a generation_n thereof_o and_o herein_o all_o philosopher_n do_v agree_v particular_o avicen_n but_o what_o shall_v we_o stand_v upon_o authority_n we_o prove_v it_o thus_o the_o fraction_n of_o the_o air_n be_v a_o motion_n but_o the_o sound_n be_v not_o a_o motion_n first_o because_o a_o sound_n be_v the_o proper_a object_n of_o the_o sense_n of_o hear_v but_o motion_n be_v a_o common_a object_n not_o discern_v by_o the_o sense_n of_o hear_v and_o therefore_o a_o sound_n be_v not_o a_o motion_n second_o motion_n be_v no_o quality_n but_o reduce_v unto_o other_o predicament_n as_o we_o say_v in_o school_n that_o be_v to_o action_n passion_n or_o place_n but_o sound_n be_v a_o quality_n to_o wit_n one_o of_o the_o motion_n nor_o the_o motion_n three_o kind_n to_o which_o the_o object_n of_o the_o sense_n be_v refer_v three_o sound_n be_v make_v by_o motion_n so_o we_o see_v by_o experience_n so_o we_o be_v teach_v by_o all_o philosophy_n the_o same_o philosophy_n teach_v we_o that_o nothing_o produce_v itself_o see_v then_o that_o motion_n produce_v sound_a certain_o sound_a can_v be_v no_o motion_n it_o may_v be_v object_v that_o aristotle_n in_o the_o 58._o text_n of_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr sensu_fw-la &_o sensili_fw-la and_o the_o solution_n objection_n solution_n sixth_o chapter_n say_v that_o sound_n be_v a_o motion_n but_o we_o answer_v that_o he_o speak_v not_o in_o a_o formal_a sense_n but_o in_o a_o casual_a that_o be_v not_o endeavour_v to_o give_v the_o definition_n of_o a_o sound_n but_o a_o casual_a production_n as_o if_o he_o shall_v say_v when_o some_o motion_n be_v make_v with_o such_o and_o such_o circumstance_n a_o sound_n will_v result_v therefrom_o we_o will_v also_o add_v another_o reason_n and_o that_o very_o strong_a which_o be_v on_o this_o manner_n those_o thing_n which_o have_v a_o particular_a existence_n or_o be_v one_o without_o the_o other_o be_v in_o themselves_o several_o distinct_a and_o diverse_a now_o the_o sound_n and_o the_o break_a motion_n of_o the_o air_n have_v several_a and_o particular_a being_n because_o the_o sound_n be_v diffuse_v and_o attain_v to_o those_o part_n of_o the_o air_n or_o water_n to_o which_o part_v the_o motion_n can_v reach_v and_o this_o aristotle_n in_o his_o four_o book_n de_fw-fr historia_fw-la animalium_fw-la proove_v by_o the_o example_n of_o angler_n who_o in_o the_o time_n of_o their_o disport_n be_v as_o silent_a as_o may_v be_v and_o yet_o the_o fish_n hear_v they_o now_o say_v aristotle_n instance_n aristotle_n instance_n it_o be_v not_o like_o that_o their_o whisper_n can_v produce_v so_o vehement_a a_o motion_n that_o the_o part_n of_o the_o air_n break_v thereby_o shall_v by_o succession_n move_v through_o the_o whole_a mass_n of_o water_n unto_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o fish_n again_o that_o this_o fraction_n of_o the_o air_n be_v not_o the_o next_o and_o immediate_a generation_n of_o the_o sound_n may_v thus_o be_v evict_v local_a motion_n of_o itself_o contend_v or_o strive_v only_o unto_o motion_n that_o sound_n be_v not_o immediate_o generate_v by_o motion_n place_n neither_o of_o itself_o do_v it_o make_v impression_n of_o any_o other_o real_a be_v upon_o that_o which_o be_v move_v as_o aristotle_n teach_v in_o the_o eight_o book_n of_o his_o physics_n the_o 7_o chapter_n and_o the_o 59_o text._n it_o follow_v therefore_o that_o the_o generation_n of_o sound_n be_v another_o action_n beside_o the_o motion_n which_o action_n i_o know_v not_o how_o to_o name_v yet_o we_o may_v well_o conceive_v a_o difference_n between_o the_o local_a impulsion_n and_o the_o sound_n as_o we_o may_v also_o perceive_v that_o beside_o local_a motion_n sometime_o heat_n be_v engender_v yet_o no_o man_n will_v say_v that_o motion_n be_v the_o immediate_a cause_n of_o heat_n after_o this_o manner_n also_o we_o may_v well_o conceive_v how_o the_o influence_n of_o the_o star_n may_v be_v dispense_v in_o this_o inferior_a will_v to_o conclude_v therefore_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o there_o must_v concur_v three_o action_n to_o the_o production_n of_o any_o sound_n and_o these_o three_o do_v each_o accompany_v and_o succeed_v other_o the_o first_o action_n be_v the_o affront_n which_o be_v betwixt_o the_o two_o body_n which_o offend_v one_o against_o another_o the_o second_o be_v the_o fraction_n or_o break_v of_o the_o medium_fw-la the_o three_o and_o last_o be_v the_o sound_v of_o the_o medium_fw-la for_o so_o you_o shall_v give_v we_o leave_v to_o call_v it_o because_o we_o can_v devise_v no_o other_o name_n immediate_o after_o this_o follow_v the_o sound_n qvest._n thirty-nine_o the_o definition_n of_o a_o sound_n have_v as_o plain_o as_o we_o can_v deliver_v the_o manner_n of_o the_o generation_n and_o production_n of_o a_o sound_v we_o will_v now_o brief_o set_v down_o the_o definition_n of_o it_o aristotle_n in_o the_o 65_o text_n of_o his_o second_o book_n de_fw-fr anima_fw-la define_v a_o sound_a to_o be_v a_o motion_n of_o that_o which_o may_v be_v move_v with_o that_o motion_n wherewith_o those_o thing_n be_v move_v which_o do_v rebound_v from_o the_o mutual_a percussion_n of_o two_o body_n other_o do_v define_v it_o to_o be_v a_o sensative_a quality_n strike_v the_o hear_n and_o the_o proper_a object_n of_o that_o sense_n but_o we_o will_v thus_o define_v it_o a_o sound_z be_v a_o passive_a and_o successive_a quality_n produce_v from_o the_o interception_n and_o break_n of_o the_o air_n or_o water_n which_o follow_v upon_o the_o objection_n the_o definition_n of_o a_o sound_n objection_n collision_n or_o strike_v of_o two_o sound_a body_n &_o so_o fit_a to_o move_v the_o sense_n of_o hear_v if_o any_o shall_v object_v that_o there_o be_v but_o one_o only_a nature_n of_o one_o thing_n as_o arist_n say_v in_o the_o 4_o chapter_n of_o his_o first_o book_n of_o topicke_n and_o that_o a_o definition_n be_v a_o oration_n express_v the_o nature_n of_o a_o thing_n as_o the_o same_o aristotle_n in_o the_o 5_o chapter_n of_o his_o first_o book_n and_o the_o sixth_o chapter_n of_o his_o 5._o book_n of_o topic_n say_v there_o can_v be_v but_o one_o definition_n give_v of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o thing_n and_o therefore_o a_o sound_n shall_v not_o consist_v of_o one_o simple_a 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in_o sapour_n or_o taste_n humidity_n it_o will_v follow_v that_o two_o contrary_n shall_v be_v predominant_a in_o one_o and_o the_o same_o subject_n than_o which_o what_o can_v be_v more_o absurd_a we_o must_v say_v therefore_o that_o these_o quality_n be_v in_o mix_v body_n not_o actual_o but_o potential_o and_o that_o they_o arise_v out_o of_o the_o mixture_n as_o out_o of_o their_o matter_n so_o that_o when_o we_o be_v potentialli_n odour_n what_o it_o be_v say_v that_o siccity_n have_v the_o predominance_n in_o odour_n we_o speak_v of_o that_o odour_n which_o exhale_v into_o act_n out_o of_o the_o mix_a body_n and_o so_o there_o shall_v be_v no_o contrariety_n in_o that_o we_o affirm_v neither_o let_v any_o man_n think_v it_o absurd_a that_o we_o say_v two_o contrary_n may_v be_v potential_o in_o the_o same_o subject_n for_o water_n that_o be_v tepid_v or_o warm_a that_o be_v in_o a_o middle_a temper_n betwixt_o cold_a and_o hot_a be_v potential_o both_o cold_a and_o hot_a at_o one_o and_o the_o same_o time_n for_o it_o have_v a_o equal_a disposition_n to_o they_o both_o and_o the_o reason_n be_v because_o potential_a contrariety_n breed_v no_o strife_n in_o a_o real_a subject_n qvest._n xlix_o of_o the_o cause_n of_o odour_n although_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o odour_n do_v consist_v in_o siccity_n yet_o it_o can_v be_v at_o odour_n he_o be_v be_v the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o odour_n any_o time_n without_o humidity_n yea_o it_o be_v generate_v out_o of_o humidity_n elevate_v or_o raise_v up_o into_o vapour_n by_o heat_n so_o that_o there_o can_v be_v no_o odour_n unless_o the_o force_n and_o efficacy_n of_o heat_n do_v boil_v raise_v up_o and_o attenuate_v the_o humidity_n and_o this_o all_o herbalist_n acknowledge_v for_o a_o rule_n to_o wit_n that_o all_o thing_n that_o smell_v strong_o be_v hot_a so_o that_o from_o the_o vehemency_n or_o remissness_n of_o the_o odour_n they_o do_v in_o herb_n distinguish_v the_o degree_n of_o heat_n so_o say_v aristotle_n 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do_v accompany_v it_o for_o say_v the_o philosopher_n the_o be_v of_o a_o accident_n be_v to_o be_v in_o for_o out_o of_o their_o subject_n they_o be_v nothing_o this_o subject_n therefore_o which_o produce_v the_o odour_n into_o act_n be_v a_o exhalation_n a_o exhalation_n can_v be_v raise_v but_o by_o heat_n out_o of_o moisture_n it_o follow_v therefore_o that_o both_o heat_n and_o moisture_n be_v necessary_a in_o the_o production_n of_o odour_n necessary_a i_o say_v not_o pierce_v as_o they_o be_v odour_n but_o per_fw-la accidens_fw-la because_o they_o can_v actual_o exist_v without_o a_o exhalation_n they_o urge_v further_o if_o a_o odour_n be_v of_o and_o by_o itself_o nothing_o then_o there_o can_v be_v no_o knowledge_n objection_n objection_n thereof_o for_o there_o be_v no_o knowledge_n of_o that_o which_o be_v non_fw-la ens_fw-la or_o without_o be_v again_o a_o substance_n pierce_v or_o by_o itself_o can_v be_v know_v and_o therefore_o say_v they_o we_o take_v away_o even_o out_o of_o the_o universal_a nature_n all_o science_n for_o whatsoever_o be_v be_v either_o a_o substance_n solution_n solution_n or_o a_o accident_n three_o thing_n there_o be_v none_o indeed_o we_o grant_v that_o of_o a_o odour_n consider_v by_o itself_o and_o separated_o there_o be_v no_o knowledge_n for_o so_o consider_v it_o be_v nothing_o neither_o substance_n no_o knowledge_n of_o a_o accident_n without_o the_o substance_n do_v it_o fall_v under_o sense_n but_o as_o it_o be_v join_v with_o the_o exhalation_n it_o move_v the_o sense_n and_o also_o fall_v under_o science_n or_o knowledge_n in_o like_a manner_n accident_n separate_v from_o their_o substance_n and_o substance_n separate_v from_o the_o accident_n do_v not_o fall_v under_o science_n but_o each_o by_o other_o be_v mutual_o know_v and_o demonstrate_v qvest._n l._n conclude_v that_o fish_n do_v not_o smell_v some_o peripatician_n say_v placentinus_n may_v object_v on_o this_o manner_n if_o a_o odour_n have_v actual_a existence_n only_o in_o exhalation_n so_o that_o without_o it_o it_o can_v move_v the_o sense_n then_o what_o shall_v we_o say_v to_o fish_n which_o live_v in_o the_o peripatetik_n a_o objection_n of_o the_o peripatetik_n water_n where_o there_o be_v no_o exhalation_n to_o be_v find_v for_o aristotle_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o five_o chapter_n of_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr sensu_fw-la &_o sensili_fw-la say_v that_o there_o can_v be_v no_o fumid_a exhalation_n make_v in_o water_n the_o reason_n be_v because_o as_o soon_o as_o air_n be_v engender_v in_o water_n it_o rise_v up_o out_o of_o it_o in_o a_o bubble_n we_o may_v answer_v that_o the_o fish_n do_v not_o live_v in_o the_o pure_a and_o neat_a element_n of_o water_n but_o in_o a_o water_n compound_v of_o four_o element_n water_n consist_v of_o four_o element_n element_n be_v therefore_o compound_v there_o be_v some_o fire_n in_o it_o fire_v always_o woork_v that_o work_n consume_v moisture_n and_o such_o consumption_n be_v absolve_v by_o exhalation_n or_o elevation_n into_o vapour_n see_v therefore_o that_o in_o water_n there_o may_v be_v find_v such_o evaporation_n it_o may_v be_v haply_o imagine_v that_o by_o it_o the_o fish_n do_v apprehend_v odour_n but_o say_v my_o author_n it_o may_v be_v this_o thread_n be_v too_o hard_o twist_v or_o too_o fine_o spin_v because_o first_o we_o must_v acknowledge_v that_o the_o fish_n smell_v be_v wonderful_a dull_a because_o of_o the_o predominance_n of_o moisture_n and_o cold_a in_o the_o water_n again_o i_o doubt_v it_o be_v ridiculous_a to_o join_v fire_n and_o water_n two_o contrary_n in_o the_o same_o subject_n which_o be_v against_o the_o law_n of_o contrariety_n and_o sure_o this_o blame_n we_o shall_v worthy_o deserve_v if_o we_o shall_v make_v the_o fire_n &_o water_n equal_a in_o their_o degree_n but_o we_o give_v the_o pre-eminence_n unto_o the_o water_n and_o say_v that_o the_o fire_n as_o also_o the_o other_o element_n do_v put_v their_o quality_n under_o his_o girdle_n i_o do_v not_o say_v that_o water_n the_o fire_n be_v remit_v not_o lose_v in_o the_o water_n the_o quality_n of_o the_o fire_n be_v extinguish_v or_o quench_v out_o by_o the_o water_n but_o they_o be_v remit_v or_o abate_v for_o fire_n work_v perpetual_o wheresoever_o it_o be_v and_o raise_v vapour_n although_o they_o be_v never_o so_o small_a for_o this_o action_n necessary_o follow_v the_o essential_a form_n of_o fire_n so_o that_o if_o you_o separate_v it_o from_o the_o fire_n you_o take_v away_o his_o whole_a substance_n some_o philosopher_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o four_o element_n be_v only_o potentiallie_o in_o compound_a body_n and_o therefore_o have_v only_o potential_a virtue_n so_o that_o fire_n which_o be_v objection_n objection_n only_o potential_o in_o water_n can_v actual_o work_v upon_o it_o but_o we_o answer_v that_o if_o the_o