Selected quad for the lemma: knowledge_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
knowledge_n	line_n	page_n	read_v	2,014	5	10.4455	5	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A43619	The fourth part of naked truth, or, The complaint of the church to some of her sons for breach of her articles in a friendly dialogue between Titus and Timothy, both ministers of the Church of England / by a legal son and since conformist to the Church of England, as established by law.; Naked truth. Part 4	Hickeringill, Edmund, 1631-1708.	1682 (1682)	Wing H1806; ESTC R14467	65,265	43

needs_o wound_v we_o to_o the_o heart_n to_o hear_v the_o name_n and_o truth_n of_o god_n reproach_v for_o our_o sake_n to_o see_v man_n point_n to_o any_o of_o we_o and_o say_v there_o go_v a_o covetous_a priest_n a_o scandalous_a preacher_n a_o open_a tipler_n a_o frequent_a swearer_n and_o secret_a whoremonger_n there_o be_v they_o that_o preach_v for_o strictness_n and_o ho●…ess_n that_o condemn_v we_o by_o their_o sermon_n and_o themselves_o by_o their_o conversation_n brethren_n bear_v with_o i_o for_o my_o plainness_n and_o zeal_n it_o be_v good_a say_v the_o apostle_n to_o be_v zealous_a in_o a_o good_a thing_n my_o zeal_n for_o the_o cause_n of_o god_n and_o religion_n which_o lie_v bleed_v among_o we_o constrain_v i_o who_o heart_n can_v endure_v to_o hear_v man_n cast_v the_o dung_n of_o our_o iniquity_n in_o the_o face_n of_o the_o holy_a ghost_n in_o the_o face_n of_o the_o gospel_n which_o we_o preach_v and_o in_o the_o face_n of_o all_o that_o desire_v to_o fear_v the_o lord_n for_o if_o one_o of_o we_o a_o leader_n of_o a_o flock_n be_v but_o once_o though_o he_o continue_v not_o in_o it_o enmare_v in_o a_o scandalous_a crime_n all_o the_o pious_a minister_n and_o other_o godly_a christian_n round_o about_o he_o suffer_v by_o it_o for_o the_o wicked_a and_o ungodly_a and_o all_o our_o enemy_n cry_v out_o they_o be_v all_o alike_o their_o being_n nothing_o more_o common_a with_o evil_a man_n than_o for_o the_o fault_n and_o crime_n of_o one_o professor_n especial_o if_o a_o minister_n to_o reproach_v the_o whole_a party_n o_o take_v heed_n therefore_o brethren_n in_o the_o name_n of_o god_n of_o every_o word_n you_o speak_v of_o every_o step_v you_o tread_v of_o every_o action_n you_o do_v for_o you_o bear_v the_o ark_n of_o the_o lord_n you_o be_v entrust_v with_o his_o honour_n and_o dare_v you_o let_v it_o fall_v and_o trample_v it_o in_o the_o dirt_n if_o you_o do_v god_n can_v find_v out_o way_n enough_o to_o wipe_v off_o all_o that_o can_v be_v cast_v upon_o he_o but_o you_o will_v not_o so_o easy_o remove_v the_o shame_n and_o sorrow_n you_o hereby_o bring_v upon_o yourselves_o remember_v therefore_o that_o stand_a decree_n of_o heaven_n they_o that_o honour_v i_o i_o will_v honour_v and_o they_o that_o despise_v i_o shall_v be_v light_o esteem_v say_v the_o lord_n and_o know_v thus_o much_o that_o all_o our_o preach_a and_o persuasion_n of_o other_o will_v prove_v but_o dream_v and_o trifle_a hipocresy_n till_o we_o be_v thorough_o wrought_v upon_o to_o live_v according_a to_o the_o word_n ourselves_o for_o he_o that_o have_v not_o so_o strong_a a_o belief_n of_o the_o word_n of_o god_n and_o the_o life_n to_o come_v as_o will_v take_v on_o his_o own_o heart_n from_o the_o vanity_n of_o this_o world_n and_o set_v it_o upon_o a_o resolve_a diligence_n for_o salvation_n it_o can_v be_v expect_v that_o he_o will_v be_v faithful_a in_o seek_v the_o salvation_n of_o other_o men._n sure_o he_o that_o dare_v damn_v himself_o dare_v let_v other_o alone_o in_o the_o way_n to_o damnation_n he_o that_o will_v let_v go_v his_o hope_n of_o heaven_n rather_o than_o leave_v his_o worldly_a and_o sensual_a delight_n i_o think_v will_v hardly_o leave_v these_o for_o the_o good_a and_o save_v of_o other_o in_o reason_n we_o may_v conceive_v he_o will_v have_v little_a pity_n on_o other_o that_o be_v wilful_o cruel_o to_o himself_o and_o that_o he_o be_v not_o to_o be_v trust_v with_o other_o man_n soul_n that_o be_v unfaithful_a to_o his_o own_o and_o will_v sell_v it_o to_o the_o devil_n for_o the_o short_a pleasure_n of_o sin_n i_o beseech_v you_o therefore_o brethren_n as_o you_o tender_v the_o welfare_n of_o your_o own_o soul_n and_o the_o soul_n of_o other_o as_o you_o will_v have_v the_o church_n of_o god_n flourish_n the_o kingdom_n of_o satan_n lessen_v and_o the_o gospel_n of_o our_o ever_o blested_a lord_n run_v and_o be_v gloryfy_v in_o the_o conversion_n of_o sinner_n and_o in_o the_o life_n and_o conversation_n of_o his_o saint_n take_v heed_n to_o your_o way_n and_o become_v exemplary_a in_o your_o life_n that_o other_o see_v your_o good_a work_n may_v glorify_v our_o father_n which_o be_v in_o heaven_n nor_o will_v i_o put_v you_o only_o to_o a_o outward_a sober_a and_o civil_a conversation_n but_o also_o as_o the_o mean_n to_o it_o to_o look_v after_o a_o inward_a renovation_n we_o as_o well_o as_o other_o man_n have_v vicious_a and_o corrupt_a nature_n which_o must_v be_v sanctify_v and_o renew_v or_o we_o can_v never_o be_v save_v prove_v yourselves_o therefore_o whether_o you_o be_v in_o the_o faith_n in_o christ_n by_o a_o through_o sanctification_n and_o serious_a repentance_n or_o not_o take_v heed_n you_o be_v not_o void_a of_o those_o grace_n of_o god_n spirit_n which_o you_o offer_v to_o other_o and_o excite_v other_o to_o pray_v for_o and_o endeavour_v after_o that_o you_o preach_v not_o the_o word_n of_o conversion_n to_o other_o and_o yourselves_o be_v yet_o unconvert_v shall_v prove_v castaways_a and_o know_v that_o a_o gospel_n conversion_n or_o work_v of_o true_a grace_n imply_v not_o only_o sober_a and_o righteous_a action_n but_o sanctify_v and_o renew_v affection_n not_o only_o blameless_a life_n but_o clean_o and_o pure_a heart_n and_o you_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o judge_n of_o the_o one_o by_o the_o other_o for_o if_o the_o inner_a man_n be_v renew_v the_o outward_a man_n will_v be_v reform_v where_o the_o heart_n be_v true_o sanctify_v by_o god_n spirit_n there_o the_o life_n will_v be_v conformable_a to_o god_n law_n and_o be_v satisfy_v about_o our_o own_o spiritual_a state_n that_o it_o be_v safe_a and_o good_a let_v we_o in_o our_o respective_a place_n vigorous_o endeavour_v the_o renovation_n and_o conversion_n of_o other_o study_v and_o by_o all_o mean_n strive_v to_o fit_v ourselves_o for_o so_o great_a a_o work_n as_o these_o that_o be_v semble_fw-fr of_o the_o difficulty_n of_o it_o o_o what_o qualification_n be_v necessary_a for_o we_o who_o have_v such_o a_o charge_n upon_o we_o as_o we_o have_v he_o must_v not_o be_v a_o babe_n in_o knowledge_n that_o will_v teach_v man_n all_o those_o mysterious_a thing_n that_o be_v necessary_a to_o be_v know_v in_o order_n to_o salvation_n how_o many_o difficulty_n in_o divinity_n to_o be_v open_v how_o many_o obscure_a text_n of_o scripture_n to_o be_v expound_v how_o many_o duty_n to_o be_v do_v wherein_o ourselves_o or_o other_o may_v miscarry_v if_o in_o the_o manner_n end_v circumstance_n and_o matter_n they_o be_v not_o well_o inform_v how_o many_o sin_n to_o be_v avoid_v which_o without_o understanding_n and_o foresight_n can_v be_v do_v what_o a_o number_n of_o satan_n wiles_n of_o his_o fly_n and_o subtle_a temptation_n must_v we_o open_v to_o our_o people_n eye_n that_o they_o may_v escape_v they_o how_o many_o weighty_a and_o yet_o intricate_a case_n of_o conscience_n must_v we_o daily_o resolve_v and_o can_v such_o work_n and_o so_o much_o work_v be_v do_v without_o knowledge_n and_o other_o due_a qualification_n o_o what_o strong_a hold_n have_v we_o to_o batter_v and_o how_o many_o of_o they_o what_o subtle_a diligent_a and_o obstinare_fw-la resistance_n must_v we_o expect_v at_o every_o heart_n we_o deal_v with_o prejudice_n have_v block_v up_o our_o way_n we_o can_v scarce_o procure_v a_o patient_a hear_n but_o many_o think_v ill_a of_o what_o we_o say_v while_o we_o be_v speak_v we_o can_v make_v a_o breach_n in_o their_o groundless_a hope_n and_o carnal_a peace_n but_o man_n have_v twenty_o shift_n and_o seem_a reason_n to_o make_v it_o up_o again_o and_o as_o many_o enemy_n that_o be_v seem_a friend_n ready_a to_o help_v they_o we_o dispute_v not_o with_o they_o upon_o equal_a term_n but_o have_v child_n to_o deal_v with_o that_o can_v understand_v as_o we_o have_v distract_v man_n in_o spiritual_n to_o reason_n with_o that_o will_v bawl_v we_o down_o with_o rogue_a nonsense_n we_o have_v atheistical_a person_n to_o encounter_v that_o deny_v principle_n wilful_a and_o unreasonable_a people_n that_o when_o they_o be_v silence_v be_v never_o the_o more_o convince_v and_o when_o they_o can_v give_v no_o reason_n will_v give_v you_o their_o resolution_n i_o will_v not_o believe_v you_o nor_o all_o the_o freacher_n in_o the_o world_n in_o this_o nor_o change_v my_o mind_n nor_o alter_v my_o course_n say_v what_o you_o will_n like_o the_o man_n salvian_n have_v to_o deal_v with_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 4_o do_v gubernat_n p._n 133._o that_o be_v resolve_v to_o devour_v a_o poor_a man_n estate_n and_o be_v entreat_v by_o salvian_n to_o forbear_v tell_v he_o he_o can_v not_o grant_v his_o request_n for_o he_o have_v make_v a_o vow_n to_o take_v it_o so_o that_o the_o preacher_n &_o ita_fw-la religiosissimi_fw-la sceler_n be_v ratione_fw-la be_v fain_o to_o depart_v now_o when_o i_o consider_v all_o this_o and_o much_o more_o incumbent_a upon_o we_o minister_n which_o be_v no_o burden_n for_o a_o child_n be_v back_o i_o can_v but_o break_v out_o with_o the_o holy_a apostle_n and_o say_v what_o manner_n of_o person_n ought_v we_o to_o be_v in_o all_o holy_a conversation_n and_o godliness_n lord_n what_o manner_n of_o person_n ought_v we_o to_o be_v in_o all_o holy_a resolution_n and_o endeavour_n for_o our_o great_a indispensable_a and_o weighty_a work_n let_v we_o therefore_o with_o seriousness_n and_o holy_a resolution_n separate_v ourselves_o from_o the_o world_n and_o devote_v ourselves_o with_o our_o may_v to_o god_n and_o the_o good_a of_o soul_n labour_v both_o by_o our_o foundness_n of_o doctrine_n and_o holiness_n of_o live_v to_o add_v unto_o the_o flock_n of_o christ_n the_o church_n of_o god_n such_o as_o shall_v be_v save_v and_o to_o approve_v ourselves_o in_o the_o sight_n of_o all_o man_n to_o be_v the_o light_n of_o the_o world_n the_o ambassador_n of_o christ_n a_o choose_a generation_n and_o a_o royal_a priesthood_n show_v forth_o the_o practice_n and_o virtue_n of_o he_o who_o have_v call_v we_o out_o of_o darkness_n into_o his_o marvellous_a light_n which_o that_o we_o may_v all_o do_v i_o conclude_v with_o that_o excellent_a prayer_n of_o our_o church_n pertinent_a to_o this_o exhortation_n that_o it_o may_v please_v thou_o o_o lord_n to_z illuminato_fw-mi all_o bishop_n priest_n and_o deacon_n with_o true_a knowledge_n and_o understanding_n of_o thy_o word_n and_o that_o both_o by_o their_o preach_a and_o live_v they_o may_v set_v it_o forth_o and_o show_v it_o according_o and_o let_v every_o one_o that_o wish_v well_o to_o zion_n say_v amen_n errata_fw-la page_n 4._o line_n 16._o for_o sin_n read_v some_o p._n 5._o l._n 46._o f._n there_o be_v r._n therein_o be_v p._n 7._o in_o the_o margin_n deal_n pompin_n p._n 10._o l._n 33._o f._n be_v r._n be_v p._n 10._o l._n 44._o f._n tongue_n r._n thanks_o p._n 13._o l._n 30._o r._n the_o sin_n of_o nature_n p._n 17._o l._n 19_o f._n this_o r._n their_o p._n 22._o l._n 58._o f._n the_o man_n r._n these_o man_n p._n 24._o l._n 4._o f._n new_a r._n now_o p._n 35._o l._n 26._o deal_n a_o commissary_n p._n 35._o l._n 42._o f._n proceed_v r._n precede_v p._n 36._o l._n last_o f._n examine_v r._n ex_fw-la animo_fw-la p._n 37._o l._n 27._o f._n there_o r._n then_o p._n 38._o l._n 39_o f._n lose_v between_o they_o r._n between_o we_o finis_fw-la

not_o the_o effect_n of_o the_o sacrament_n tim._n although_o in_o the_o visible_a church_n the_o evil_n be_v ever_o mingle_v with_o the_o good_a and_o sometime_o the_o evil_a have_v chief_a authority_n in_o the_o ministration_n of_o the_o word_n and_o sacrament_n yet_o forasmuch_o as_o they_o do_v not_o the_o same_o in_o their_o own_o name_n but_o in_o christ_n and_o do_v minister_v by_o his_o commission_n and_o authority_n we_o may_v use_v their_o ministry_n both_o in_o hear_v the_o word_n of_o god_n and_o in_o the_o receive_n of_o the_o sacrament_n neither_o be_v the_o effect_n of_o christ_n ordinance_n take_v away_o by_o their_o wickedness_n nor_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n gift_n diminish_v from_o such_o as_o by_o faith_n and_o right_o do_v receive_v the_o saerament_n minister_v unto_o they_o which_o be_v effectual_a because_o of_o christ_n institution_n and_o promise_n although_o they_o be_v minister_v by_o evil_a man_n nevertheless_o it_o appertain_v to_o the_o discipline_n of_o the_o church_n that_o enquiry_n be_v make_v of_o evil_a minister_n and_o they_o be_v accuse_v by_o those_o that_o have_v knowledge_n of_o their_o offence_n and_o final_o be_v find_v guilty_a by_o just_a judgement_n be_v depose_v tit._n your_o opinion_n of_o this_o tim_n tim._n i_o have_v a_o very_a good_a opinion_n of_o it_o as_o of_o any_o i_o have_v yet_o read_v tit._n but_o if_o i_o mistake_v not_o there_o be_v that_o in_o the_o close_a of_o it_o touch_v your_o copyhold_a tim._n what_o be_v that_o tit._n it_o be_v this_o nevertheless_o it_o appertain_v to_o the_o discipline_n of_o the_o church_n that_o enquiry_n be_v make_v of_o evil_a minister_n and_o that_o they_o be_v accuse_v by_o those_o that_o have_v knowledge_n of_o their_o offnece_n and_o final_o be_v find_v guilty_a by_o just_a judgement_n be_v depose_v can_v you_o hearty_o consent_v to_o this_o tim._n yes_o why_o not_o tit._n here_o be_v no_o body_n present_v but_o ourselves_o therefore_o i_o will_v be_v plain_a with_o you_o and_o tell_v you_o the_o ground_n of_o my_o question_n be_v you_o not_o long_o since_o present_v and_o accuse_v to_o your_o diocesan_n by_o the_o church_n warden_n of_o the_o parish_n where_o you_o officiate_v tim._n yes_o there_o be_v a_o puritanical_a fanatical_a churchwarden_n do_v present_v i_o like_o a_o splenetic_a knave_n as_o he_o be_v tit._n but_o pray_v what_o be_v your_o crime_n tim._n a_o small_a matter_n only_o sit_v up_o too_o late_a and_o play_v the_o goodfellow_n a_o little_a too_o much_o one_o saturday_n night_n be_v to_o administer_v the_o sacrament_n the_o next_o morning_n and_o the_o rascal_n tell_v his_o lordship_n it_o be_v a_o thing_n frequent_a with_o i_o so_o to_o do_v tit._n and_o what_o do_v the_o bishop_n say_v to_o you_o tim._n he_o give_v i_o a_o grave_a admonition_n and_o tell_v i_o if_o that_o wrought_v not_o upon_o i_o suspension_n shall_v follow_v tit._n he_o speak_v like_o himself_o yet_o if_o he_o have_v do_v it_o as_o well_o as_o say_v it_o it_o may_v have_v be_v better_o for_o i_o do_v hear_v that_o his_o fatherly_a admonition_n have_v wrought_v in_o you_o the_o least_o reformation_n what_o you_o do_v before_o i_o be_o credible_o inform_v you_o do_v still_o nay_o that_o you_o mend_v as_o sour_a ale_n in_o summer_n insomuch_o that_o the_o far_o great_a part_n of_o the_o parish_n be_v so_o scandalize_v at_o you_o that_o they_o resolve_v never_o to_o receive_v the_o sacrament_n at_o your_o hand_n more_o tim._n it_o be_v a_o sign_n they_o be_v a_o company_n of_o nice_a squeemish_a idiot_n and_o know_v nothing_o else_o they_o will_v understand_v that_o neither_o my_o vice_n nor_o my_o virtue_n signify_v any_o thing_n to_o they_o in_o my_o preach_v the_o word_n or_o administer_a the_o sacrament_n tit._n then_o whether_o you_o be_v holy_a or_o wicked_a sober_a or_o disorderly_a in_o your_o life_n it_o must_v be_v the_o same_o thing_n to_o the_o people_n tim._n yes_o mun_o and_o be_v in_o this_o case_n for_o do_v not_o this_o article_n say_v that_o he_o that_o minister_n do_v the_o same_o not_o in_o his_o own_o name_n but_o in_o christ_n and_o by_o his_o commission_n and_o authority_n and_o that_o the_o effect_n of_o christ_n ordinance_n be_v not_o take_v away_o by_o he_o viz._n the_o minister_n wickedness_n nor_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n gift_n diminish_v from_o such_o as_o by_o say_v do_v right_o receive_v the_o sacrament_n minister_v unto_o they_o tit._n true_o these_o be_v the_o word_n of_o the_o article_n and_o they_o contain_v a_o great_a truth_n shall_v a_o faithless_a wicked_a man_n receive_v the_o sacrament_n at_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o holy_a man_n live_v the_o holiness_n of_o he_o that_o administer_v will_v nothing_o avail_v such_o a_o unworthy_a receiver_n so_o the_o contrary_a but_o our_o church_n never_o intend_v this_o as_o a_o encouragement_n to_o profaneness_n in_o her_o minister_n as_o she_o plain_o declare_v by_o the_o close_a of_o the_o article_n and_o you_o make_v a_o very_a ill_a use_n of_o it_o who_o shall_v take_v such_o liberty_n from_o it_o beside_o tim._n give_v i_o leave_v to_o tell_v you_o that_o though_o the_o ill_a live_n of_o some_o minister_n and_o their_o slight_a and_o irreverent_a administration_n of_o the_o holy_a sacrament_n can_v obstruct_v the_o grace_n of_o god_n towards_o a_o worthy_a receiver_n yet_o this_o be_v a_o shrewd_a bar_n to_o keep_v off_o sober_a and_o serious_a person_n from_o that_o ordinance_n especial_o in_o those_o place_n where_o they_o must_v receive_v from_o the_o hand_n of_o such_o minister_n or_o not_o receive_v it_o at_o all_o for_o what_o person_n that_o have_v any_o sense_n of_o god_n and_o religion_n and_o the_o weight_n of_o that_o sacred_a ordinance_n upon_o his_o mind_n though_o he_o strive_v what_o he_o can_v to_o conquer_v all_o prejudices_fw-la of_o this_o kind_n can_v receive_v the_o element_n at_o the_o hand_n of_o a_o profligate_n and_o irreverent_a minister_n with_o that_o satisfaction_n that_o he_o can_v at_o the_o hand_n of_o one_o who_o by_o his_o heavenly_a life_n and_o exemplary_a devotion_n in_o the_o sacrament_n shall_v excite_v and_o quicken_v the_o zeal_n and_o devotion_n of_o all_o that_o be_v to_o partake_v with_o he_o no_o let_v i_o discharge_v my_o conscience_n this_o once_o i_o hearty_o wish_v and_o pray_v that_o those_o reverend_a father_n who_o have_v the_o discipline_n of_o the_o church_n will_v narrow_o inspect_v the_o life_n and_o manner_n of_o such_o person_n in_o the_o church_n as_o you_o be_v who_o by_o your_o disorderly_a conversation_n and_o slight_a irreverent_a and_o slovenly_a administration_n of_o holy_a ordinance_n i_o must_v tell_v you_o without_o flattery_n be_v a_o dishonour_n to_o god_n a_o scandal_n to_o the_o gospel_n a_o reproach_n to_o the_o ministry_n the_o causer_n of_o division_n and_o faction_n the_o promoter_n of_o atheism_n and_o profaneness_n and_o the_o bane_n of_o all_o true_a godliness_n and_o religion_n it_o be_v you_o and_o such_o as_o you_o that_o open_v the_o mouth_n of_o our_o enemy_n that_o turn_v the_o glory_n of_o our_o church_n into_o shame_n and_o trample_v her_o honour_n in_o the_o dust_n it_o be_v you_o and_o such_o as_o you_o that_o make_v many_o sick_a and_o die_a sinner_n go_v out_o of_o the_o world_n without_o ghostly_a counsel_n and_o absolution_n the_o notoriousness_n of_o your_o crime_n raise_v in_o they_o a_o disgust_n against_o you_o both_o live_a and_o die_v and_o who_o if_o any_o of_o they_o miscarry_v must_v answer_v for_o those_o soul_n tim._n i_o shall_v not_o if_o they_o send_v not_o for_o i_o tit._n but_o who_o shall_v answer_v for_o the_o cause_n of_o your_o not_o be_v call_v at_o such_o a_o time_n tim._n what_o you_o will_v have_v minister_n live_v like_a angel_n tit._n minister_n be_v call_v angel_n in_o scripture_n and_o what_o if_o i_o shall_v say_v they_o ought_v to_o live_v like_o angel_n for_o purity_n and_o holiness_n i_o be_o sure_a our_o saviour_n propound_v to_o we_o a_o high_a pattern_n when_o he_o say_v to_o his_o disciple_n matth._n 5._o last_o be_v you_o perfect_a even_o as_o your_o father_n which_o be_v in_o heaven_n be_v perfect_a tim._n but_o that_o be_v impossible_a tit._n true_o as_o to_o equality_n but_o not_o as_o to_o imitation_n st._n paul_n be_v not_o equal_a with_o our_o bless_a lord_n for_o purity_n and_o holiness_n but_o he_o be_v a_o imitator_n of_o he_o as_o himself_o testify_v say_v be_v you_o follower_n of_o i_o as_o i_o be_o of_o christ_n nor_o be_v it_o impossible_a for_o you_o to_o consider_v serious_o the_o weight_n and_o dignity_n of_o your_o call_v and_o to_o take_v heed_n thereto_o priest_n vid._n the_o form_n of_o order_v of_o priest_n as_o you_o be_v exhort_v by_o the_o bishop_n at_o your_o ordination_n which_o if_o you_o do_v as_o you_o ought_v and_o