can_v a_o body_n as_o extend_v round_o or_o triangular_a etc._n etc._n and_o then_o i_o will_v know_v why_o we_o can_v by_o attentive_a consideration_n and_o due_a reflection_n on_o those_o thing_n as_o thus_o conceive_v by_o we_o frame_v a_o science_n ground_v on_o the_o thing_n thus_o apprehend_v as_o well_o as_o mathematician_n can_v upon_o a_o body_n consider_v as_o ground_v their_o proper_a object_n or_o as_o ground_v their_o notion_n of_o such_o and_o such_o modes_n of_o quantity_n such_o as_o be_v the_o degree_n proportion_n or_o figure_n of_o it_o let_v we_o not_o blaspheme_n in_o our_o thought_n the_o bounty_n of_o infinite_a goodness_n it_o be_v the_o devil_n first_o calumny_n against_o god_n that_o he_o envy_v mank_v knowledge_n let_v not_o we_o carry_v it_o on_o by_o entertain_v such_o a_o unworthy_a conceit_n of_o essential_a goodness_n but_o dispose_v ourselves_o by_o seek_v a_o right_a method_n to_o knowledge_n and_o pursue_v it_o with_o industrious_a study_n and_o we_o may_v be_v certain_a of_o success_n while_o i_o be_v write_v my_o method_n to_o science_n the_o attempt_n to_o show_v the_o reason_n all_o along_o for_o such_o notion_n as_o be_v take_v from_o the_o thing_n according_a to_o the_o manner_n of_o be_v it_o have_v in_o my_o understanding_n and_o therefore_o be_v to_o be_v carry_v through_o with_o perpetual_a reflection_n on_o the_o thing_n there_o do_v appear_v so_o discourage_v that_o i_o be_v sometime_o half_o sorry_a i_o have_v undertake_v it_o but_o i_o see_v the_o world_n need_v it_o and_o know_v all_o truth_n be_v connect_v and_o therefore_o be_v confident_a of_o god_n assistance_n in_o such_o a_o necessary_a and_o useful_a occasion_n indeed_o providence_n have_v leave_v we_o no_o mean_n to_o know_v what_o be_v do_v in_o the_o moon_n or_o other_o star_n though_o perhaps_o they_o be_v as_o busy_v there_o as_o we_o be_v in_o this_o sublunary_a planet_n the_o earth_n because_o it_o be_v not_o to_o our_o purpose_n to_o know_v such_o thing_n but_o whoever_o consider_v those_o metaphysical_a object_n will_n at_o first_o sight_n discover_v how_o useful_a the_o knowledge_n of_o they_o be_v both_o in_o regard_n of_o their_o influence_n upon_o all_o inferior_a science_n and_o to_o raise_v we_o to_o contemplation_n as_o also_o to_o explicate_v establish_v defend_v and_o comfort_n christian_n faith_n for_o there_o be_v a_o gradation_n of_o truth_n as_o well_o as_o a_o connexion_n of_o one_o truth_n with_o another_o the_o natural_a be_v foundation-stone_n to_o bear_v the_o supernatural_a one_o which_o though_o they_o to_o heaven_n top_n aspire_v it_o be_v the_o same_o ground_n raise_v story_n high_a bless_a soul_n which_o to_o the_o throne_n divine_a wind_n itself_o up_o by_o its_o own_o line_n all_o these_o high_a encomium_n of_o metaphysic_n if_o it_o shall_v please_v god_n to_o protract_v my_o span_n of_o life_n some_o few_o inch_n long_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o to_o show_v be_v no_o more_o but_o its_o just_a due_a and_o among_o the_o rest_n its_o clear_a demonstrative_a evidence_n and_o certainty_n particular_o that_o the_o study_n of_o that_o science_n be_v so_o far_o from_o increase_a doubt_n or_o lead_v to_o scepticism_n as_o perhaps_o mr._n l._n may_v apprehend_v that_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o knowledge_n of_o it_o be_v the_o most_o effectual_a mean_n imaginable_a to_o settle_v all_o doubtfulness_n and_o to_o convert_n or_o confound_v the_o great_a sceptic_n 6._o mr._n locke_n tenet_n of_o no_o innate_a notion_n nor_o consequent_o innate_a principle_n do_v perfect_o agree_v with_o my_o sentiment_n unanswerable_a both_o as_o to_o the_o thesis_n itself_o and_o the_o reason_n for_o it_o which_o be_v that_o god_n have_v lay_v connatural_a cause_n to_o give_v we_o our_o notion_n and_o therefore_o it_o do_v not_o become_v his_o sovereign_a wisdom_n to_o do_v such_o a_o needless_a action_n as_o to_o engraft_v they_o by_o his_o own_o hand_n immediate_o beside_o which_o that_o judicious_a author_n accumulate_v so_o many_o other_o pregnant_a and_o solid_a reason_n to_o fix_v that_o position_n of_o we_o in_o a_o immovable_a certainty_n that_o i_o see_v not_o but_o it_o may_v for_o the_o future_a deserve_v the_o repute_n of_o a_o establish_v and_o lead_v maxim_n in_o philosophy_n reflection_n on_o the_o second_o book_n reflection_n second_o on_o the_o first_o chapter_n 1._o i_o agree_v perfect_o with_o this_o learned_a author_n that_o our_o observation_n employ_v either_o about_o external_n sensible_n object_n or_o about_o the_o internal_a operation_n of_o our_o locke_n mind_n perceive_v and_o reflect_v on_o by_o ourselves_o be_v that_o which_o supply_v our_o understanding_n with_o all_o the_o material_n of_o think_v as_o also_o that_o a_o man_n first_o think_v when_o he_o begin_v to_o have_v any_o sensation_n that_o the_o impression_n make_v on_o the_o sense_n be_v the_o original_n of_o all_o knowledge_n that_o the_o mind_n be_v of_o its_o own_o nature_n fit_v to_o receive_v those_o impression_n that_o in_o receive_v idea_n or_o notion_n at_o first_o the_o mind_n be_v passive_a that_o it_o be_v all_o one_o to_o say_v the_o soul_n and_o the_o man_n think_v and_o last_o that_o man_n do_v not_o always_o think_v which_o last_o thesis_n he_o confute_v here_o very_o elaborate_o but_o i_o can_v at_o all_o agree_v to_o some_o position_n he_o make_v use_v of_o to_o oppose_v this_o last_o tenet_n and_o indeed_o needless_o for_o he_o produce_v good_a store_n of_o solid_a argument_n sufficient_a to_o confute_v it_o 2._o for_o first_o he_o make_v the_o have_a idea_n and_o perception_n to_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n i_o apprehend_v he_o mean_v that_o when_o they_o we_o have_v idea_n we_o must_v perceive_v we_o have_v they_o because_o he_o say_v afterward_o that_o the_o soul_n must_v necessary_o be_v conscious_a of_o its_o own_o perception_n indeed_o have_v he_o say_v the_o have_v idea_n when_o he_o be_v awake_a and_o attentive_o reflect_v on_o those_o idea_n it_o have_v be_v a_o certain_a and_o evident_a truth_n otherwise_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o we_o retain_v or_o have_v our_o idea_n or_o notion_n in_o our_o mind_n when_o we_o be_v sound_o asleep_a it_o be_v a_o strange_a and_o extravagant_a paradox_n to_o say_v that_o we_o get_v they_o all_o again_o as_o soon_o as_o ever_o our_o eye_n be_v open_a and_o yet_o we_o do_v not_o then_o know_v they_o and_o to_o say_v we_o do_v be_v to_o come_v over_o to_o his_o adversary_n and_o grant_v the_o thesis_n he_o be_v impugn_v for_o if_o a_o man_n do_v think_v when_o he_o be_v sound_a asleep_a it_o be_v without_o question_n that_o he_o may_v think_v always_o 3._o next_o i_o must_v utter_o deny_v his_o position_n that_o we_o can_v think_v without_o be_v sensible_a or_o conscious_a of_o it_o to_o disprove_v think_v which_o i_o allege_v that_o when_o a_o man_n be_v quite_o absorb_v in_o a_o serious_a thought_n or_o as_o we_o say_v in_o a_o brown_a study_n his_o mind_n be_v so_o total_o take_v up_o with_o the_o object_n of_o his_o present_a contemplation_n which_o perhaps_o be_v something_o without_o he_o that_o he_o can_v have_v no_o thought_n at_o that_o very_a instant_a of_o his_o own_o internal_a operation_n or_o that_o he_o be_v think_v or_o any_o thing_n like_o it_o i_o have_v be_v call_v sometime_o from_o my_o study_n to_o dinner_n and_o answer_v i_o be_o come_v upon_o my_o delay_n they_o call_v i_o again_o and_o ask_v why_o i_o come_v not_o have_v promise_v it_o i_o deny_v i_o hear_v or_o see_v or_o answer_v they_o yet_o upon_o recollection_n i_o remember_v afterward_o that_o i_o do_v i_o know_v then_o that_o they_o call_v i_o since_o i_o understand_v their_o word_n and_o answer_v pertinent_o yet_o it_o be_v most_o manifest_a that_o i_o do_v not_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o first_o call_v understand_v that_o i_o understand_v it_o or_o know_v that_o i_o know_v it_o since_o it_o come_v only_o into_o my_o mind_n afterward_o by_o reminiscence_n or_o reflection_n which_o argue_v i_o have_v the_o knowledge_n of_o it_o before_o by_o a_o direct_a impression_n otherwise_o i_o can_v not_o have_v remember_v it_o 4._o though_o this_o thesis_n of_o mr._n locke_n be_v mention_v hereafter_o it_o be_v not_o amiss_o to_o speak_v my_o sense_n of_o it_o where_o i_o first_o reflection_n meet_v it_o he_o judges_z that_o we_o know_v our_o own_o thought_n which_o be_v spiritual_a by_o experience_n and_o i_o deny_v we_o have_v any_o experience_n but_o by_o direct_a impression_n from_o sensible_a object_n either_o come_n from_o they_o at_o first_o or_o re-excited_n he_o think_v it_o impossible_a to_o know_v but_o we_o must_v at_o the_o same_o time_n be_v conscious_a or_o which_o be_v the_o same_o know_v we_o know_v and_o i_o judge_v it_o impossible_a we_o shall_v know_v we_o know_v at_o the_o same_o time_n we_o have_v that_o
into_o fashion_n for_o he_o give_v no_o reason_n why_o he_o do_v not_o rather_o constant_o use_v the_o word_n notion_n which_o import_v a_o part_n of_o cognition_n do_v most_o certain_o better_a suit_n with_o a_o treatise_n about_o human_a understanding_n 4._o as_o for_o the_o sense_n in_o which_o he_o take_v the_o word_n idea_n he_o profess_v that_o he_o use_v it_o to_o express_v whatever_o be_v mean_v by_o ambiguous_a phantasm_n notion_n species_n or_o whatever_o it_o be_v that_o the_o mind_n can_v be_v employ_v about_o in_o think_v which_o manifest_v that_o he_o use_v that_o word_n very_o equivocal_o for_o a_o phantasm_n and_o a_o notion_n differ_v as_o wide_o as_o body_n and_o spirit_n the_o one_o be_v a_o corporeal_a the_o other_o a_o spiritual_a resemblance_n or_o rather_o the_o one_o be_v a_o resemblance_n or_o a_o kind_n of_o image_n or_o picture_n the_o other_o the_o thing_n resemble_v as_o will_v be_v see_v hereafter_o again_o it_o be_v agree_v to_o by_o all_o the_o world_n that_o brute_n have_v phantasm_n but_o they_o can_v have_v no_o notion_n for_o these_o be_v the_o element_n or_o material_n who_o agreeable_a connexion_n furnish_v our_o mind_n with_o science_n of_o which_o beast_n which_o have_v no_o mind_n be_v incapable_a and_o therefore_o it_o be_v both_o unnatural_a and_o to_o no_o purpose_n to_o put_v notion_n which_o be_v the_o primary_n affection_n of_o the_o mind_n in_o those_o mere_a animal_n i_o be_o more_o at_o a_o loss_n to_o find_v that_o in_o the_o last_o page_n but_o one_o in_o his_o epistle_n to_o the_o reader_n he_o seem_v to_o contradistinguish_v notion_n to_o idea_n which_o how_o it_o consist_v with_o the_o indifferency_n he_o grant_v the_o word_n idea_n here_o to_o signify_v notion_n i_o can_v at_o all_o comprehend_v 5._o i_o must_v confess_v it_o be_v general_o a_o fruitless_a contest_v to_o dispute_v about_o a_o word_n which_o be_v nothing_o but_o a_o sound_n or_o he_o a_o character_n be_v but_o the_o determinate_a mean_v of_o it_o tell_v we_o by_o the_o user_n of_o it_o let_v it_o be_v a_o or_o b_o or_o what_o he_o please_v provide_v the_o distinct_a sense_n of_o it_o be_v clear_o manifest_v by_o the_o writer_n or_o speaker_n it_o be_v in_o that_o case_n logomachy_n and_o impertinent_a cavil_v to_o except_v against_o it_o but_o when_o the_o author_n be_v own_o explication_n of_o it_o do_v contrary_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o explication_n declare_v it_o be_v use_v ambiguous_o it_o lay_v a_o force_n on_o i_o to_o remark_n it_o lest_o it_o may_v lead_v the_o reader_n as_o it_o infallible_o must_v into_o great_a error_n unless_o it_o be_v double_a sense_n be_v wary_o distinguish_v in_o the_o ensue_a discourse_n which_o i_o have_v not_o observe_v to_o be_v do_v any_o where_o by_o this_o otherwise_o accurate_a author_n 6._o from_o this_o undistinguished_a ambiguity_n of_o the_o word_n idea_n it_o follow_v natural_o that_o even_o his_o own_o excellent_a judgement_n and_o consequent_o his_o reader_n be_v most_o necessary_o sometime_o deviate_v and_o though_o his_o general_a intention_n be_v only_o to_o pursue_v the_o knowledge_n of_o thing_n yet_o he_o must_v needs_o be_v sometime_o misâ—ed_v at_o unaware_o to_o entertain_v fancy_n for_o real_a knowledge_n as_o will_v occasional_o be_v show_v hereafter_o for_o the_o present_a i_o can_v omit_v one_o particular_a it_o be_v of_o such_o main_a importance_n 7._o the_o author_n believe_v all_o sort_n of_o animal_n to_o have_v in_o some_o degree_n perception_n now_o perception_n as_o i_o conceive_v mankind_n signify_v knowledge_n for_o under_o what_o sort_n of_o material_a action_n to_o rank_v it_o i_o confess_v myself_o at_o a_o loss_n but_o let_v it_o be_v only_o the_o first_o step_n and_o degree_n towards_o knowledge_n and_o the_o inlet_n of_o all_o the_o material_n of_o it_o still_o he_o say_v the_o dulness_n of_o the_o faculty_n of_o some_o brute_n make_v they_o remote_a from_o that_o knowledge_n which_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o some_o man_n so_o that_o it_o seem_v in_o other_o man_n there_o may_v possible_o be_v no_o more_o knowledge_n at_o least_o in_o some_o thing_n than_o in_o brute_n nor_o do_v he_o any_o more_o than_o probable_o conjecture_v that_o beast_n have_v not_o the_o power_n of_o compare_v which_o may_v be_v observe_v in_o mâ—n_z belong_v to_o general_a idea_n and_o useful_a to_o abstract_n reason_v now_o this_o so_o jumble_v together_o spiritual_a nature_n with_o those_o which_o be_v mere_o corporeal_a that_o if_o this_o be_v so_o we_o shall_v be_v at_o some_o loss_n to_o know_v our_o own_o kind_a to_o define_v what_o man_n be_v or_o to_o distinguish_v ourselves_o from_o our_o young_a brother_n in_o knowledge_n brute_n or_o our_o soul_n from_o they_o for_o if_o by_o idea_n there_o be_v mean_v notion_n as_o his_o expression_n leave_v it_o indifferent_a and_o that_o a_o man_n knowledge_n consist_v in_o have_v these_o idea_n in_o he_o and_o brute_n have_v also_o such_o idea_n and_o that_o moreover_o they_o may_v possible_o have_v also_o in_o some_o sort_n a_o power_n to_o compare_v those_o notion_n and_o both_o 12._o judge_a and_o discourse_v most_o evident_o consist_v in_o compare_v our_o notion_n i_o see_v no_o operation_n peculiar_a to_o a_o man_n but_o what_o brute_n may_v perform_v in_o a_o low_a degree_n and_o since_o degree_n do_v not_o vary_v the_o species_n for_o otherwise_o dull_a man_n will_v be_v of_o another_o species_n from_o those_o who_o have_v more_o wit_n we_o can_v consequent_o never_o know_v what_o mankind_n mean_v or_o who_o be_v a_o man_n who_o not_o unless_o in_o outward_a appearance_n nor_o last_o how_o our_o soul_n or_o mind_n do_v differ_v from_o their_o fancy_n or_o imagination_n again_o m._n l._n affirm_v b._n 2._o ch._n 11._o §_o 11._o that_o it_o seem_v as_o evident_a to_o he_o that_o beast_n do_v reason_n as_o that_o they_o have_v sense_n than_o which_o certain_o nothing_o in_o the_o world_n can_v be_v more_o evident_a or_o undeniable_a now_o if_o this_o be_v so_o all_o those_o who_o hold_v that_o a_o rational_a animal_n be_v a_o proper_a and_o adequate_a definition_n of_o man_n ought_v to_o hold_v brute_n to_o be_v men._n mr._n l._n will_v say_v that_o brute_n can_v only_o reason_v in_o particular_n have_v no_o general_n ideas_n because_o they_o can_v abstract_v nor_o do_v we_o see_v they_o make_v use_v of_o any_o general_a sign_n to_o express_v universal_a idea_n indeed_o they_o have_v no_o such_o sign_n as_o word_n to_o notify_v they_o have_v any_o such_o idea_n but_o if_o we_o may_v conclude_v from_o their_o outward_a action_n on_o which_o only_a mr._n l._n seem_v to_o ground_v his_o good_a opinion_n of_o they_o that_o they_o have_v reason_n we_o may_v as_o well_o gather_v from_o the_o same_o ground_n that_o they_o have_v general_a idea_n too_o for_o example_n when_o a_o horse_n see_v a_o man_n a_o far_o off_o he_o can_v only_o have_v a_o idea_n that_o it_o be_v something_o for_o the_o object_n can_v at_o that_o distance_n imprint_v a_o more_o particular_a idea_n of_o itself_o but_o that_o most_o general_a one_o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v evident_a the_o horse_n must_v either_o have_v a_o general_n idea_n of_o it_o or_o none_o at_o all_o whereas_o yet_o he_o must_v have_v some_o idea_n of_o it_o because_o he_o see_v it_o though_o confuse_o coming_z near_o the_o object_n imprint_n a_o more_o distinct_a idea_n of_o a_o man_n yet_o not_o so_o distinct_a as_o to_o represent_v this_o man_n in_o particular_a at_o length_n come_v very_o near_o the_o same_o object_n be_v apt_a to_o imprint_v a_o idea_n of_o this_o particular_a man_n which_o show_v plain_o that_o all_o those_o idea_n the_o object_n give_v he_o before_o be_v general_a one_o to_o proceed_v we_o may_v observe_v that_o while_o it_o appear_v only_o to_o be_v something_o which_o be_v a_o very_a abstract_n idea_n the_o horse_n carry_v it_o abstract_o too_o and_o remain_v unconcern_v when_o it_o appear_v to_o be_v a_o man_n it_o begin_v to_o be_v a_o little_a concern_v have_v to_o do_v with_o such_o kind_n of_o thing_n as_o use_v to_o do_v it_o either_o good_a or_o harm_n and_o therefore_o it_o stare_v at_o it_o a_o common_a carriage_n in_o sheep_n especial_o as_o if_o it_o study_v or_o consider_v what_o to_o make_v of_o it_o in_o order_n to_o its_o own_o interest_n or_o self-preservation_n but_o when_o the_o object_n imprint_n a_o idea_n of_o this_o particular_a man_n who_o either_o use_v to_o bring_v he_o provender_n or_o come_v to_o catch_v he_o to_o make_v he_o work_v he_o either_o come_v towards_o he_o or_o run_v away_o which_o different_a behaviour_n of_o they_o if_o outward_a action_n be_v in_o this_o case_n worth_a building_n on_o be_v as_o good_a a_o sign_n that_o brute_n have_v general_a idea_n as_o we_o can_v expect_v
she_o to_o explicate_v which_o hard_a point_n we_o may_v reflect_v that_o all_o the_o essential_a notion_n of_o a_o thing_n be_v it_o possible_a to_o comprehend_v they_o all_o of_o a_o body_n for_o example_n be_v intrinsical_a to_o it_o as_o also_o all_o those_o mode_n or_o accident_n of_o it_o the_o complexion_n of_o which_o do_v constitute_v the_o essence_n of_o that_o body_n and_o even_o take_v they_o single_o as_o mere_a accident_n they_o depend_v for_o their_o be_v on_o that_o body_n as_o on_o their_o substance_n but_o it_o be_v not_o so_o with_o the_o nature_n of_o those_o body_n or_o their_o mode_n or_o accident_n as_o they_o be_v in_o the_o soul_n for_o they_o be_v no_o determination_n or_o modes_n suitable_a or_o belong_v to_o her_o nature_n as_o it_o be_v spiritual_a nor_o depend_v sole_o on_o she_o as_o on_o their_o subject_n for_o their_o existence_n as_o all_o mode_n in_o their_o natural_a subject_n do_v whence_o follow_v that_o when_o she_o know_v they_o they_o be_v pure_o in_o she_o as_o extrinsecall_v to_o she_o or_o as_o other_o thing_n and_o as_o have_v their_o genuine_a existence_n elsewhere_o or_o out_o of_o the_o mind_n and_o in_o this_o consist_v the_o excellency_n of_o a_o spiritual_a nature_n from_o which_o we_o may_v demonstrate_v her_o immateriality_n and_o by_o consequence_n her_o immortality_n that_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o superlative_a nobleness_n of_o her_o essence_n she_o can_v comprehend_v the_o whole_a nature_n of_o body_n though_o she_o may_v know_v other_o high_a nature_n also_o all_o its_o accident_n its_o existence_n without_o we_o and_o whatever_o can_v belong_v to_o it_o and_o yet_o so_o as_o to_o stand_v a-loof_a from_o it_o and_o preserve_v her_o distance_n and_o height_n above_o it_o and_o be_v withal_o through_o the_o amplitude_n of_o her_o nature_n able_a to_o engraft_v on_o she_o infinite_o capacious_a stock_n of_o be_v all_o other_o thing_n and_o give_v they_o beside_o their_o own_o if_o they_o be_v inferior_a nature_n or_o body_n a_o far_o noble_a existence_n in_o herself_o this_o definition_n of_o know_v will_n i_o doubt_v not_o look_v like_o gibberish_n to_o shortsighted_a speculater_n who_o have_v not_o reflect_v steady_o on_o the_o soul_n spiritual_a operation_n and_o on_o what_o manner_n thing_n be_v in_o the_o mind_n but_o if_o each_o step_n to_o it_o be_v as_o i_o can_v doubt_v but_o it_o be_v demonstrable_a the_o evidence_n of_o the_o premise_n and_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o consequence_n ought_v to_o obtain_v of_o every_o learned_a man_n not_o be_v startle_v at_o the_o strangeness_n of_o the_o conclusion_n because_o fancy_n be_v dissatisfy_v that_o inferior_a faculty_n be_v to_o be_v curb_v and_o keep_v within_o its_o own_o narrow_a sphere_n and_o forbid_v to_o meddle_v with_o spiritual_a subject_n which_o be_v beyond_o its_o reach_n and_o skill_n and_o be_v only_o manageable_a by_o reason_n ground_v itself_o on_o such_o notion_n as_o be_v above_o matter_n and_o if_o it_o appear_v by_o this_o rigorous_a test_n that_o our_o notion_n be_v the_o very_a thing_n as_o distinct_a from_o we_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o it_o will_v follow_v of_o course_n by_o a_o natural_a and_o necessary_a consequence_n preliminary_n three_o that_o all_o our_o science_n be_v ground_v on_o the_o thing_n themselves_o and_o how_o this_o be_v perform_v 1._o but_o how_o can_v the_o thing_n be_v in_o our_o understanding_n since_o the_o thing_n in_o its_o first_o and_o proper_a signification_n clear_v be_v a_o individual_a substance_n be_v the_o subject_n of_o innumerable_a modes_n or_o accident_n which_o we_o can_v never_o reach_v or_o comprehend_v and_o therefore_o it_o can_v never_o be_v know_v by_o we_o complete_o as_o mr._n locke_n have_v very_o elaborate_o demonstrate_v at_o large_a and_o as_o myself_o have_v also_o prove_v in_o my_o 7._o method_n this_o be_v so_o clear_a and_o confess_v a_o truth_n it_o seem_v to_o follow_v hence_o against_o we_o both_o that_o neither_o the_o ideist_n have_v any_o idea_n of_o it_o resemble_v it_o full_o nor_o we_o any_o notion_n of_o it_o which_o be_v true_o and_o entire_o the_o same_o with_o it_o intellectual_o and_o so_o neither_o of_o we_o can_v properly_z speaking_z pretend_v to_o know_v any_o thing_n as_o we_o ought_v 2._o to_o clear_v this_o important_a difficulty_n on_o which_o the_o whole_a affair_n of_o science_n and_o the_o confutation_n of_o scepticism_n objection_n seem_v main_o to_o depend_v it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v 3._o first_o that_o the_o notion_n of_o the_o individuum_fw-la thing_n or_o suppositum_fw-la can_v never_o for_o the_o reason_n now_o give_v be_v distinct_a be_v and_o complete_a but_o confuse_a and_o imperfect_a for_o let_v we_o take_v any_o individual_a thing_n v_o g._n a_o stone_n we_o shall_v find_v that_o it_o have_v in_o it_o what_o answer_v to_o the_o notion_n of_o a_o thing_n or_o what_o have_v be_v as_o also_o of_o extend_v dense_n hard_n opacous_a dint_a etc._n etc._n it_o be_v divisible_a into_o innumerable_a particle_n its_o peculiar_a mixture_n consist_v of_o many_o diverse-natured_n part_n with_o such_o a_o order_n or_o position_n among_o they_o etc._n etc._n of_o all_o which_o our_o sense_n with_o their_o best_a assistance_n can_v not_o afford_v we_o clear_a knowledge_n nor_o consequent_o imprint_v any_o clear_a notion_n of_o that_o whole_a thing_n in_o our_o mind_n 4._o second_o that_o since_o to_o know_v a_o thing_n be_v to_o have_v the_o notion_n of_o it_o in_o our_o mind_n our_o knowledge_n must_v be_v such_o thing_n as_o the_o notion_n be_v if_o the_o notion_n be_v clear_a entire_a and_o distinct_a our_o knowledge_n too_o be_v such_o and_o if_o the_o notion_n be_v obscure_a partial_a and_o confuse_a our_o knowledge_n must_v be_v obscure_a partial_a and_o confuse_a likewise_o 5._o three_o we_o can_v have_v such_o a_o notion_n of_o every_o individual_a thing_n if_o it_o be_v not_o as_o the_o small_a atom_n be_v too_o science_n little_a to_o be_v perceptible_a by_o our_o sense_n as_o though_o it_o be_v confuse_v as_o to_o itself_o may_v serve_v to_o distinguish_v it_o from_o all_o other_o thing_n and_o to_o make_v we_o know_v it_o exist_v separately_z from_o all_o other_o and_o independent_o on_o they_o moreover_o that_o it_o be_v the_o suppositum_fw-la or_o subject_a which_o have_v its_o own_o nature_n or_o essence_n in_o it_o and_o also_o all_o the_o mode_n or_o accident_n belong_v to_o it_o thus_o when_o we_o see_v a_o bag_n of_o sand_n or_o wheat_n pour_v out_o our_o sense_n acquaint_v our_o mind_n pre-imbued_n by_o some_o common_a notion_n that_o each_o grain_n can_v exist_v separate_a and_o have_v sustain_v or_o give_v be_v to_o its_o own_o accident_n without_o the_o assistance_n of_o any_o of_o its_o fellow-grain_n 6._o four_o this_o confuse_a knowledge_n of_o the_o thing_n in_o gross_a be_v sufficient_a for_o such_o a_o degree_n of_o science_n of_o it_o as_o science_n we_o can_v have_v in_o this_o state_n for_o though_o we_o can_v have_v a_o distinct_a knowledge_n of_o it_o all_o take_v in_o the_o lump_n and_o therefore_o do_v not_o pretend_v to_o have_v science_n of_o it_o thus_o consider_v nor_o of_o each_o considerability_n in_o it_o take_v by_o detail_n yet_o we_o know_v that_o confuse_o it_o contain_v in_o itself_o what_o answer_v to_o all_o the_o many_o distinct_a conception_n we_o make_v of_o it_o which_o be_v the_o ground_n of_o all_o the_o science_n we_o have_v they_o be_v all_o store_v up_o and_o amass_v in_o the_o thing_n and_o apt_a to_o be_v draw_v or_o parcele_v out_o thence_o by_o our_o abstractive_a consideration_n of_o it_o 7._o last_o that_o our_o distinct_a knowledge_n or_o science_n be_v build_v on_o our_o distinct_a notion_n of_o the_o thing_n frame_v in_o thing_n our_o mind_n by_o impression_n on_o the_o sense_n which_o be_v many_o and_o the_o manner_n of_o their_o affect_v we_o also_o manifold_a hence_o our_o soul_n in_o this_o state_n can_v have_v no_o distinct_a or_o clear_a knowledge_n of_o the_o thing_n but_o by_o piecemeal_n or_o by_o distinct_a different_a partial_a inadequate_a or_o as_o they_o be_v general_o and_o proper_o call_v abstract_v notion_n as_o mr._n locke_n have_v frequent_o and_o judicious_o exemplify_v in_o the_o several_a conception_n or_o notion_n we_o have_v of_o gold_n which_o we_o may_v consider_v as_o yellow_a heavy_a solid_a malleable_a dissolvable_a in_o aqua_fw-la regius_fw-la etc._n etc._n whence_o though_o it_o be_v perhaps_o impossible_a for_o we_o to_o reach_v all_o the_o considerability_n that_o may_v be_v find_v in_o it_o which_o ground_n our_o different_a notion_n yet_o each_o notion_n we_o have_v of_o it_o be_v distinct_a from_o all_o the_o rest_n and_o be_v true_o the_o thing_n as_o far_o as_o it_o be_v thus_o consider_v hence_o we_o can_v have_v science_n of_o the_o thing_n though_o confuse_o of_o the_o whole_a yet_o distinct_o of_o
belong_v the_o imperfection_n of_o our_o understanding_n which_o not_o able_a to_o comprehend_v the_o whole_a thing_n be_v force_v to_o make_v many_o inadequate_a idea_n or_o notion_n of_o it_o which_o not_o reach_v to_o particularize_v the_o thing_n must_v therefore_o be_v common_a or_o general_n as_o contain_v more_o under_o they_o indeterminate_o that_o be_v confuse_o in_o two_o case_n also_o name_n seem_v to_o cause_n in_o we_o confuse_a idea_n one_o when_o the_o word_n be_v perfect_o equivocal_a and_o signify_v neither_o sense_n determinate_o the_o other_o when_o a_o multitude_n of_o word_n be_v huddle_v together_o inartificial_o or_o stammer_v out_o unintelligible_o to_o which_o we_o may_v add_v our_o not_o understand_v the_o language_n thorough_o in_o which_o case_n we_o have_v either_o no_o notion_n at_o all_o or_o if_o any_o a_o very_a confuse_a one_o and_o these_o seem_v to_o i_o the_o only_a solid_a way_n to_o breed_v confuse_a idea_n as_o be_v take_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n and_o of_o their_o circumstance_n and_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o word_n as_o word_n that_o be_v from_o their_o significativeness_n as_o for_o the_o secret_a and_o unobserved_a reference_n the_o author_n speak_v of_o which_o the_o mind_n make_v of_o its_o idea_n to_o such_o name_n i_o must_v confess_v i_o know_v not_o what_o it_o mean_v more_o than_o that_o the_o understanding_n know_v perfect_o or_o imperfect_o what_o the_o word_n stand_v for_o or_o which_o be_v the_o same_o what_o be_v its_o true_a and_o proper_a mean_v concern_v infinity_o of_o all_o sort_n whatever_o i_o have_v say_v enough_o former_o on_o divers_a occasion_n 3._o the_o 30_o chapter_n need_v no_o new_a reflection_n the_o 31th_o of_o adequate_v and_o inadequate_a idea_n be_v in_o it_o much_o clear_o of_o true_a philosophy_n especial_o where_o he_o make_v the_o essence_n of_o thing_n consist_v in_o the_o complexion_n of_o the_o mode_n or_o accident_n i_o grant_v that_o whole_a complexion_n be_v not_o knowable_a by_o we_o in_o this_o state_n but_o why_o have_v not_o we_o as_o much_o knowledge_n of_o they_o as_o be_v necessary_a for_o we_o or_o why_o must_v we_o think_v we_o know_v nothing_o of_o they_o unless_o we_o have_v over_z and_o above_o our_o use_n all_o those_o superfivous_a degree_n of_o the_o knowledge_n of_o thing_n as_o may_v satisfy_v also_o our_o curiosity_n or_o humour_n by_o those_o accident_n of_o gold_n which_o we_o know_v we_o can_v discern_v gold_n ordinary_o from_o other_o metal_n or_o if_o any_o cunning_a fellow_n will_v impose_v upon_o nature_n and_o we_o and_o undermine_v that_o slight_a knowledge_n of_o the_o generality_n to_o cheat_v they_o god_n have_v furnish_v we_o especial_o those_o who_o peculiar_a concern_v it_o be_v with_o mean_n to_o countermine_v their_o sophisticate_a arts._n i_o grant_v too_o that_o our_o idea_n of_o individual_a substance_n be_v not_o adequate_a but_o if_o a_o imperfect_a notion_n of_o they_o be_v sufficient_a for_o our_o purpose_n and_o withal_o most_o suitable_a to_o our_o imperfect_a understanding_n why_o shall_v we_o desire_v more_o 4._o moreover_o there_o be_v another_o reason_n of_o a_o high_a nature_n and_o most_o supreme_o wise_a ground_v on_o what_o the_o various_a metaphysician_n term_v altissimae_fw-la causae_fw-la which_o we_o call_v first_o principle_n why_o this_o complexion_n of_o accident_n shall_v be_v so_o numerous_a and_o million_o of_o way_n variable_a it_o become_v the_o god_n of_o truth_n so_o to_o order_v his_o world_n that_o thing_n shall_v be_v a_o ground_n for_o truth_n now_o have_v there_o not_o be_v almost_o as_o infinite_a variety_n of_o those_o modes_n which_o constitute_v and_o consequent_o distinguish_v every_o individuum_fw-la it_o may_v happen_v there_o be_v such_o a_o innumerable_a multitude_n of_o those_o individual_a thing_n that_o some_o two_o of_o they_o which_o by_o be_v two_o must_v be_v different_a will_v yet_o differ_v in_o nothing_o or_o in_o no_o respect_n or_o mode_n and_o so_o they_o will_v be_v one_o and_o not_o one_o which_o be_v a_o contradiction_n nay_o not_o only_o divers_a thing_n but_o each_o discernible_a and_o divisible_a part_n of_o the_o same_o thing_n however_o seem_o uniform_a must_v have_v a_o various_a complexion_n of_o those_o modes_n to_o distinguish_v they_o for_o example_n let_v a_o 20_n piece_n of_o gold_n be_v divide_v into_o forty_o part_n each_o part_n after_o division_n be_v now_o a_o whole_a and_o a_o distinct_a thing_n from_o all_o the_o rest_n must_v either_o have_v some_o distinct_a modes_n in_o it_o to_o distinguish_v it_o from_o all_o the_o other_o or_o it_o will_v be_v distinct_a and_o yet_o not_o distinct_a have_v nothing_o to_o distinguish_v it_o that_o be_v it_o will_v be_v one_o thing_n and_o yet_o not_o one_o thing_n or_o rather_o the_o same_o part_n and_o yet_o not_o the_o same_o part_n and_o this_o in_o the_o same_o respect_n viz._n under_o the_o notion_n of_o substance_n thing_n or_o part_n which_o be_v a_o perfect_a contradiction_n wherefore_o the_o god_n of_o nature_n who_o be_v always_o essential_a truth_n have_v so_o order_v it_o that_o thing_n and_o each_o part_n of_o thing_n how_o minute_n soever_o shall_v have_v a_o ground_n in_o they_o of_o differ_v from_o one_o another_o as_o whoever_o be_v use_v to_o microscope_n will_v easy_o discover_v as_o for_o what_o concern_v we_o this_o inconceivable_a variety_n task_n our_o industry_n employ_v our_o speculation_n and_o raise_v our_o contemplation_n by_o make_v we_o see_v that_o god_n wisdom_n be_v infinite_o exalt_v in_o the_o least_o of_o his_o creature_n and_o by_o oblige_v we_o to_o break_v out_o into_o transport_v of_o admiration_n 26._o ecce_fw-la deus_fw-la magnus_fw-la vincens_fw-la scientiam_fw-la nostram_fw-la 5._o since_o than_o we_o see_v and_o experience_n that_o thing_n do_v exist_v and_o therefore_o nothing_o be_v able_a to_o do_v what_o complexion_n it_o be_v not_o capable_a to_o do_v be_v capable_a of_o be_v actual_o or_o exist_v since_o we_o know_v they_o exist_v not_o of_o themselves_o or_o by_o virtue_n of_o their_o own_o essence_n and_o therefore_o that_o to_o be_v mere_o or_o pure_o capable_a of_o exist_v be_v the_o very_a nature_n or_o notion_n of_o create_a thing_n consider_v they_o precise_o according_a to_o the_o notion_n of_o thing_n or_o substance_n since_o we_o know_v the_o last_o distinction_n or_o individuation_n of_o thing_n thus_o consider_v consist_v intrinsical_o in_o the_o complexion_n of_o modes_n or_o accident_n which_o ultimate_o determin_n they_o to_o be_v this_o and_o since_o withal_o we_o have_v such_o outward_a mark_n and_o sign_n of_o their_o individuality_n from_o their_o exist_v in_o the_o same_o time_n and_o place_n and_o other_o such_o like_a circumstance_n in_o which_o sense_n and_o not_o in_o make_v they_o intrinsical_o constitute_v the_o individuum_fw-la mr._n locke_n doctrine_n in_o this_o point_n be_v admit_v last_o since_o there_o be_v the_o high_a reason_n imaginable_a that_o this_o individual_a complexion_n of_o accident_n shall_v be_v impossible_a to_o be_v comprehend_v by_o we_o in_o this_o state_n let_v we_o content_v ourselves_o with_o this_o sufficient_a knowledge_n which_o we_o have_v of_o they_o without_o grasp_a foolish_o at_o more_o than_o we_o be_v able_a to_o fathom_n 6._o in_o my_o judgement_n this_o acute_a author_n may_v have_v excuse_v this_o 32th_o chapter_n of_o true_n and_o false_a idea_n he_o notion_n grant_v they_o can_v proper_o be_v true_a or_o false_a in_o themselves_o and_o idea_n or_o notion_n be_v nothing_o but_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n as_o thus_o or_o thus_o conceive_v in_o our_o mind_n can_v have_v no_o consideration_n belong_v to_o they_o but_o what_o they_o be_v in_o themselves_o or_o that_o they_o be_v what_o they_o be_v which_o be_v call_v their_o metaphysical_a verity_n and_o therefore_o as_o he_o say_v well_o they_o can_v no_o more_o be_v true_a or_o false_a than_o a_o single_a name_n can_v be_v say_v to_o be_v such_o the_o improper_a truth_n or_o falsehood_n which_o he_o seem_v willing_a to_o attribute_v to_o they_o belong_v as_o he_o also_o intimate_v to_o judgement_n that_o be_v to_o the_o connexion_n of_o his_o idea_n and_o not_o to_o the_o idea_n or_o notion_n themselves_o which_o be_v the_o part_n that_o be_v capable_a to_o be_v connect_v but_o if_o this_o truth_n or_o falsehood_n which_o mr._n lock_v will_v force_v his_o reason_n to_o show_v can_v any_o way_n belong_v to_o they_o it_o will_v not_o be_v improper_o but_o proper_o such_o for_o truth_n and_o falsehood_n be_v most_o proper_o find_v in_o judgement_n and_o only_o in_o they_o wherefore_o either_o no_o formal_a truth_n or_o falsehood_n at_o all_o can_v belong_v to_o idea_n or_o it_o must_v be_v proper_a truth_n or_o falsehood_n which_o be_v what_o the_o author_n deny_v as_o contrary_a to_o his_o intention_n reflection_n on_o the_o three_o book_n
only_a light_n be_v properly_z and_o formal_o the_o act_n which_o inform_v or_o actuate_v that_o power_n which_o can_v possible_o be_v express_v better_a than_o by_o these_o word_n the_o act_n of_o a_o perspicuous_a body_n as_o it_o be_v perspicuous_a for_o put_v the_o air_n or_o the_o water_n to_o be_v that_o medium_fw-la those_o body_n may_v have_v many_o other_o act_n or_o accidental_a form_n in_o they_o as_o rarity_n fluidity_n humidity_n coldness_n etc._n etc._n yet_o according_a to_o none_o of_o these_o be_v light_a the_o proper_a act_n of_o either_o of_o they_o but_o as_o they_o be_v pellucid_n or_o perspicuous_a because_o whatever_o other_o quality_n or_o power_n they_o may_v have_v if_o they_o have_v not_o that_o call_v perspicuousness_n it_o can_v not_o affect_v those_o body_n at_o all_o i_o observe_v by_o mr._n locke_n discourse_n here_o that_o he_o make_v account_v definition_n be_v make_v for_o the_o vulgar_a whereas_o they_o be_v only_o frame_v by_o art_n for_o man_n of_o art_n or_o philosopher_n but_o sure_o he_o be_v pleasant_a and_o can_v mean_v serious_o when_o he_o find_v fault_n with_o this_o definition_n as_o useless_a and_o insignificant_a because_o it_o will_v not_o make_v a_o blind_a man_n understand_v what_o the_o word_n light_n mean_n the_o mean_v of_o the_o word_n be_v the_o notion_n of_o it_o in_o our_o mind_n and_o our_o notion_n or_o idea_n as_o both_o of_o we_o hold_v come_v in_o by_o impression_n from_o the_o object_n upon_o our_o sense_n if_o then_o blind_a man_n can_v have_v no_o sensible_a impression_n of_o light_n it_o be_v impossible_a they_o shall_v have_v any_o idea_n or_o notion_n of_o it_o let_v the_o definition_n be_v never_o so_o good_a definition_n be_v the_o work_n of_o reflection_n and_o be_v to_o suppose_v our_o natural_a notion_n which_o be_v the_o rough_a draught_n of_o knowledge_n common_a to_o we_o and_o to_o the_o vulgar_a art_n be_v to_o polish_v our_o notion_n and_o bring_v they_o to_o exactness_n and_o concinnity_n by_o define_v they_o and_o not_o to_o imbue_v we_o with_o they_o when_o nature_n never_o give_v they_o and_o it_o be_v a_o hard_a case_n if_o aristotle_n definition_n must_v be_v useless_a and_o insignificant_a unless_o they_o work_v miracle_n 15._o i_o agree_v with_o he_o that_o the_o definition_n of_o motion_n which_o he_o say_v be_v that_o of_o the_o cartesian_o viz._n that_o it_o be_v the_o faulty_a successive_a application_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o superficies_n of_o one_o body_n to_o those_o of_o another_o be_v faulty_a whether_o it_o be_v they_o or_o no_o i_o know_v not_o i_o think_v they_o give_v another_o yet_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o mr._n locke_n have_v his_o reason_n why_o he_o dislike_v it_o i_o be_v this_o because_o successive_a quantity_n and_o motion_n be_v the_o selfsame_a formal_a notion_n and_o so_o the_o definitum_fw-la be_v as_o plain_a as_o the_o definition_n which_o shall_v explain_v it_o beside_o that_o application_n be_v one_o sort_n of_o motion_n and_o therefore_o be_v hard_a to_o be_v understand_v than_o motion_n itself_o which_o be_v the_o genus_fw-la to_o it_o all_o which_o absurdity_n and_o other_o such_o aristotle_n wise_o avoid_v by_o use_v the_o transcendent_a or_o more_o common_a notion_n of_o act_n and_o power_n 16._o i_o pardon_v mr._n locke_n opinion_n that_o nothing_o be_v essential_a to_o individuum_n because_o this_o error_n be_v common_a essential_o or_o rather_o epidemical_a among_o the_o modern_a school_n and_o spring_v hence_o that_o those_o author_n do_v not_o distinguish_v between_o what_o serve_v for_o logical_a speculation_n and_o what_o be_v the_o real_a constitution_n of_o thing_n in_o nature_n for_o what_o can_v the_o word_n essentia_fw-la of_o which_o essential_a be_v the_o denominative_a possible_o mean_a but_o that_o formal_a notion_n quâ_fw-la ens_fw-la est_fw-la ens._n since_o then_o the_o notion_n of_o ens_fw-la or_o thing_n be_v only_o proper_a to_o the_o individual_a substance_n as_o be_v its_o first_o analogate_v it_o follow_v that_o if_o they_o be_v divers_a entia_fw-la or_o thing_n they_o must_v have_v divers_a formal_a constituent_n or_o divers_a essence_n nay_o more_o it_o follow_v that_o ens_fw-la be_v only_o proper_o speak_v of_o substantia_fw-la prima_fw-la or_o the_o individuum_n and_o improper_o of_o substantiae_fw-la secundae_fw-la and_o much_o more_o of_o the_o mode_n or_o accident_n therefore_o essence_n the_o formal_a constituent_n of_o ens_fw-la can_v only_o be_v proper_o say_v of_o the_o essence_n of_o individual_n and_o improper_o of_o any_o other_o essence_n so_o that_o only_o divers_a individual_n in_o proper_a speech_n do_v differ_v essential_o or_o have_v essential_a difference_n belong_v to_o they_o but_o of_o this_o enough_o in_o my_o 11._o method_n i_o only_a remark_n how_o odd_a it_o be_v to_o say_v that_o two_o man_n be_v two_o thing_n and_o yet_o do_v not_o differ_v under_o the_o notion_n of_o thing_n but_o only_o accidental_o or_o according_a to_o the_o notion_n of_o some_o mode_n or_o accident_n which_o be_v perhaps_o as_o much_o as_o myself_o now_o do_v differ_v from_o myself_o a_o year_n ago_o and_o yet_o i_o be_o the_o same_o thing_n now_o i_o be_v then_o but_o i_o have_v say_v enough_o above_o of_o what_o intrinsically_a constitute_v divers_a entity_n or_o individuum_n and_o how_o we_o sufficient_o know_v they_o though_o we_o comprehend_v not_o the_o whole_a complexion_n of_o accident_n that_o constitute_v their_o individual_a essence_n on_o which_o a_o good_a part_n of_o this_o 6_o chapter_n proceed_v 17._o the_o two_o last_o chapter_n contain_v many_o various_a observation_n in_o they_o and_o such_o as_o may_v both_o delight_n and_o in_o some_o sort_n notion_n profit_n inquisitive_a wit_n yet_o they_o touch_v upon_o some_o difficult_a point_n which_o be_v contrary_a to_o my_o sentiment_n and_o can_v well_o be_v solve_v without_o first_o lay_v my_o ground_n especial_o that_o about_o the_o unknowableness_n of_o real_a essence_n to_o clear_v which_o far_a and_o withal_o to_o meet_v with_o other_o difficulty_n that_o may_v occur_v it_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o lay_v or_o repeat_v for_o the_o foundation_n of_o my_o future_a discourse_n some_o few_o principle_n i_o have_v i_o hope_v demonstrate_v in_o my_o preliminary_n that_o all_o our_o idea_n or_o notion_n which_o be_v solid_a and_o not_o fantastic_a be_v nothing_o but_o several_a conception_n of_o the_o thing_n or_o which_o be_v the_o same_o take_v the_o word_n conception_n for_o the_o object_n and_o not_o for_o the_o act_n of_o conceive_v the_o thing_n diverse_o conceive_v hence_o all_o our_o conception_n or_o notion_n be_v inadequate_a especial_o if_o they_o be_v distinct_a and_o not_o confuse_v hence_o the_o most_o abstract_a notion_n we_o have_v or_o can_v have_v let_v it_o be_v figure_n colour_n existence_n or_o what_o other_o we_o please_v even_o though_o signify_v by_o the_o most_o abstract_a term_n be_v still_o the_o thing_n consider_v precise_o as_o have_v those_o modes_n in_o it_o in_o regard_n that_o as_o those_o modes_n or_o accident_n have_v no_o entity_n of_o their_o own_o but_o mere_o that_o of_o the_o thing_n which_o they_o affect_v so_o they_o can_v have_v no_o intelligibility_n or_o knowableness_n which_o be_v the_o property_n of_o entity_n but_o as_o they_o be_v conceive_v to_o belong_v to_o the_o thing_n or_o to_o be_v it_o so_o that_o hardness_n be_v that_o by_o which_o a_o thing_n be_v formal_o hard_a neither_o will_v hardness_n be_v hardness_n nor_o will_v existence_n be_v existence_n if_o they_o be_v the_o hardness_n or_o existence_n of_o nothing_o for_o nothing_o can_v neither_o be_v hard_a nor_o exist_v nor_o have_v any_o other_o affection_n belong_v to_o it_o again_o it_o be_v evident_a we_o can_v have_v no_o distinct_a notion_n of_o the_o whole_a ens_fw-la or_o individuum_fw-la nor_o consequent_o of_o the_o essence_n proper_o such_o which_o be_v the_o form_n that_o constitute_v the_o whole_a ens_fw-la for_o this_o contain_v in_o it_o what_o ground_n or_o correspond_v to_o great_a multitude_n of_o inadequate_a or_o partial_a notion_n and_o contain_v they_o blend_v as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o thing_n as_o in_o their_o root_n and_o this_o so_o confuse_o and_o inseparable_o that_o only_o that_o most_o acute_a divider_n call_v acies_fw-la intellectus_fw-la can_v take_v they_o a_o sunder_o or_o separate_v they_o moreover_o there_o be_v not_o only_a confuse_a and_o distinct_a idea_n as_o mr._n l._n acknowledge_v but_o also_o which_o i_o remember_v not_o he_o take_v notice_n of_o notion_n or_o idea_n which_o be_v more_o and_o less_o confuse_a or_o distinct_a or_o partly_o one_o partly_o the_o other_o and_o this_o with_o very_o great_a variety_n as_o be_v see_v in_o his_o example_n of_o gold_n of_o which_o and_o the_o same_o may_v be_v say_v of_o all_o other_o body_n some_o man_n gain_v by_o degree_n more_o distinct_a knowledge_n than_o other_o do_v to_o
random_n or_o haphazard_n last_o if_o our_o method_n be_v observe_v complex_fw-la idea_n can_v be_v take_v for_o simple_a one_o as_o have_v be_v show_v mr._n locke_n do_v in_o most_o of_o he_o 23._o five_o that_o the_o distinction_n of_o simple_a and_o complex_n clear_a and_o obscure_a notion_n be_v not_o to_o be_v take_v from_o clear_a appearance_n to_o our_o fancy_n but_o from_o the_o solid_a ground_n now_o speak_v of_o be_v see_v far_o by_o this_o instance_n that_o many_o man_n be_v much_o distaste_v at_o the_o notion_n belong_v to_o metaphysic_n such_o as_o be_v be_v ens_fw-la essence_n act_n power_n and_o such_o like_a the_o reason_n of_o which_o be_v that_o we_o do_v customary_o reflect_v upon_o our_o notion_n and_o endeavour_v to_o define_v or_o explain_v they_o whence_o in_o metaphysical_a one_o find_v this_o to_o be_v very_o difficult_a and_o in_o many_o of_o they_o impossible_a hence_o man_n fancy_v they_o to_o be_v inconceivable_a and_o incomprehensible_a and_o thence_o they_o take_v a_o toy_n at_o metaphysic_n and_o pretend_v it_o insuperable_o hard_a and_o mysterious_a now_o it_o pass_v with_o these_o reflecter_n as_o it_o do_v with_o those_o that_o will_v look_v steadfast_o on_o the_o sun_n at_o noonday_n they_o find_v a_o kind_n of_o cloud_n hover_v before_o their_o eye_n and_o seem_v bedarken_v with_o too_o much_o light_n the_o test_n to_o stick_v to_o in_o such_o case_n be_v to_o set_v themselves_o to_o define_v or_o explicate_v their_o notion_n which_o do_v if_o they_o find_v they_o can_v invent_v no_o notion_n more_o clear_a than_o those_o notion_n themselves_o be_v they_o may_v be_v sure_a they_o be_v self-evident_a and_o may_v safe_o look_v upon_o they_o as_o such_o and_o if_o they_o find_v they_o can_v be_v define_v or_o explain_v they_o may_v be_v sure_a there_o will_v be_v find_v in_o their_o definition_n or_o explication_n more_o notion_n equivalent_a to_o that_o one_o and_o thence_o they_o may_v be_v assure_v also_o that_o the_o notion_n define_v or_o explicate_v have_v more_o part_n or_o composition_n in_o it_o and_o therefore_o be_v not_o simple_a nor_o perfect_o clear_a since_o it_o need_v to_o be_v make_v clear_a by_o other_o which_o therefore_o must_v be_v more_o simple_a and_o clear_a than_o it._n 24._o six_o it_o appear_v from_o what_o be_v say_v that_o it_o be_v not_o to_o avoid_v different_a signification_n of_o word_n that_o man_n suppose_v essence_n a_o real_a essence_n belong_v to_o each_o species_n but_o because_o it_o be_v impossible_a there_o shall_v be_v any_o individual_a thing_n but_o it_o must_v have_v superior_a notion_n or_o which_o be_v the_o same_o it_o must_v be_v of_o some_o sort_n or_o other_o in_o nature_n and_o the_o notion_n of_o this_o sort_n or_o species_n must_v be_v a_o essential_a and_o main_a part_n of_o the_o individual_a essence_n for_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o nature_n force_v we_o to_o have_v both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o notion_n without_o any_o form_a design_n of_o we_o and_o word_n have_v nothing_o to_o do_v but_o to_o signify_v they_o 25._o last_o hence_o it_o appear_v that_o word_n do_v not_o therefore_o become_v ambiguous_a because_o they_o have_v no_o settle_a standard_n nature_n in_o nature_n as_o mr._n locke_n apprehend_v in_o mix_v modes_n especial_o in_o moral_a one_o for_o all_o virtue_n and_o vice_n be_v nothing_o but_o disposition_n to_o act_v according_a to_o right_a reason_n or_o contrary_a to_o it_o have_v as_o fix_v standard_n in_o nature_n as_o reason_n itself_o have_v take_v nature_n for_o the_o reflection_n we_o natural_o have_v upon_o the_o operation_n of_o our_o soul_n and_o for_o what_o be_v agreeable_a or_o disagreeable_a to_o its_o true_a nature_n as_o also_o on_o the_o subject_n and_o circumstance_n about_o which_o and_o in_o which_o it_o be_v employ_v hence_o the_o word_n which_o he_o instance_n in_o viz._n shame_n wheedle_n banter_n be_v evident_o deviation_n from_o right_a reason_n in_o our_o just_a and_o civil_a comportment_n with_o other_o man_n and_o all_o the_o notion_n that_o go_v to_o their_o definition_n be_v as_o much_o connect_v as_o any_o other_o genus_fw-la and_o difference_n be_v in_o any_o other_o definition_n whatever_o so_o likewise_o his_o mix_a modes_n murder_n and_o sacrilege_n be_v define_v the_o kill_v a_o man_n lawless_o and_o the_o take_v to_o ourselves_o lawless_o or_o abuse_v holy_a thing_n and_o have_v the_o same_o solid_a connexion_n as_o any_o other_o notion_n which_o consist_v in_o this_o that_o the_o one_o of_o they_o be_v common_a or_o determinable_a proper_o by_o the_o other_o and_o the_o other_o be_v particular_a or_o determinative_a of_o it_o which_o make_v they_o cohere_v together_o in_o good_a sense_n as_o for_o our_o soul_n be_v connect_v they_o at_o pleasure_n it_o be_v quite_o otherwise_o she_o have_v notion_n of_o each_o common_a head_n natural_o and_o nature_n and_o art_n do_v both_o of_o they_o conspire_v to_o oblige_v we_o to_o divide_v those_o head_n by_o intrinsecal_n notion_n call_v difference_n and_o it_o be_v not_o at_o her_o pleasure_n and_o choice_n what_o difference_n shall_v be_v proper_a what_o disparate_a nature_n have_v settle_v the_o agreeableness_n of_o one_o of_o these_o notion_n to_o the_o other_o so_o that_o shall_v we_o put_v a_o difference_n to_o a_o generical_a notion_n which_o be_v inconsistent_a with_o it_o the_o notion_n thus_o define_v will_v be_v nonsense_n and_o chimerical_a and_o no_o wise_a than_o green_a scarlet_n or_o a_o foursquare_a triangle_n 26._o let_v the_o obscurity_n and_o ambiguity_n of_o word_n spring_v from_o what_o cause_n mr._n l._n please_v concern_v which_o he_o be_v mis-application_n very_o acute_a in_o his_o 10_o chapter_n it_o be_v to_o i_o very_o evident_a that_o the_o thing_n signify_v be_v not_o to_o be_v blame_v for_o the_o abuse_n of_o word_n and_o that_o this_o abuse_v of_o they_o must_v spring_v from_o one_o of_o these_o three_o head_n viz._n ambiguity_n of_o single_a word_n the_o ill_a contexture_n of_o they_o and_o their_o mis-application_n artificial_a word_n be_v indeed_o as_o be_v say_v more_o liable_a to_o obscurity_n and_o perhaps_o logical_a one_o most_o of_o all_o but_o since_o the_o user_n of_o those_o word_n do_v pretend_v to_o learning_n let_v they_o define_v their_o term_n of_o art_n and_o it_o will_v quick_o appear_v whether_o they_o agree_v in_o the_o notion_n of_o those_o term_n or_o no_o and_o by_o declare_v what_o the_o notion_n mean_v by_o that_o term_n be_v useful_a for_o it_o will_v appear_v which_o of_o the_o definition_n agree_v true_o to_o that_o notion_n and_o which_o do_v not_o 27._o though_o then_o some_o man_n have_v the_o knowledge_n of_o more_o accident_n in_o the_o same_o thing_n or_o in_o the_o same_o essence_n only_o than_o another_o man_n have_v yet_o it_o do_v not_o follow_v they_o agree_v in_o nothing_o but_o the_o name_n or_o that_o they_o substitute_v the_o name_n for_o the_o thing_n for_o they_o do_v both_o of_o they_o acknowledge_v and_o agree_v that_o they_o speak_v of_o the_o same_o thing_n or_o of_o the_o same_o essence_n notwithstanding_o this_o more_o particular_a knowledge_n which_o one_o of_o they_o have_v of_o it_o above_o the_o other_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o divers_a person_n may_v know_v or_o discourse_n of_o the_o same_o individual_a man_n socrates_n though_o the_o complexion_n of_o accident_n which_o constitute_v the_o individuum_fw-la be_v far_o great_a than_o that_o which_o constitute_v the_o specific_a notion_n notwithstanding_o that_o one_o of_o they_o better_o know_v his_o humour_n temper_n constitution_n science_n virtue_n and_o his_o degree_n of_o rationality_n which_o be_v most_o essential_a to_o he_o as_o he_o be_v this_o man_n than_o the_o other_o do_v whence_o this_o position_n do_v not_o only_o make_v all_o philosophy_n or_o knowledge_n of_o thing_n which_o be_v not_o such_o but_o by_o their_o real_a essence_n which_o formal_o make_v they_o such_o to_o be_v impossible_a but_o it_o make_v even_o our_o ordinary_a communication_n among_o man_n unintelligible_a because_o we_o shall_v still_o speak_v of_o divers_a thing_n and_o not_o of_o the_o same_o for_o divers_a they_o must_v be_v if_o they_o have_v divers_a essence_n which_o formal_o constitute_v they_o such_o yet_o i_o must_v declare_v that_o i_o very_o judge_v this_o learned_a author_n deliver_v this_o doctrine_n out_o of_o his_o sincerity_n without_o intend_v to_o do_v any_o favour_n to_o the_o sceptic_n and_o that_o he_o be_v not_o aware_a how_o much_o this_o lean_v to_o that_o maxim_n of_o the_o pyrrhonian_n viz._n that_o nothing_o can_v be_v know_v unless_o it_o be_v know_v perfect_o which_o be_v sufficient_o confute_v by_o this_o evident_a reflection_n that_o our_o soul_n work_v by_o inadequate_a notion_n and_o build_v her_o knowledge_n on_o those_o partial_a notion_n that_o be_v we_o can_v true_o know_v that_o thing_n though_o
the_o same_o thing_n in_o part_n as_o be_v explicate_v above_o v._o g._n master_n and_o scholar_n be_v ground_v on_o the_o action_n and_o passion_n of_o teach_v and_o be_v teach_v which_o be_v inadequate_a conception_n co-existing_a in_o those_o two_o person_n and_o identify_v material_o with_o those_o subject_n and_o the_o same_o be_v find_v in_o all_o other_o which_o be_v thus_o connect_v and_o the_o last_o of_o real_a existence_n as_o when_o we_o say_v peter_n be_v clear_o import_v that_o what_o be_v mean_v by_o peter_n the_o subject_a and_o by_o existent_n which_o be_v the_o predicate_a imply_v there_o in_o the_o word_n be_v be_v co-existent_a or_o be_v find_v in_o the_o same_o thing_n but_o more_o of_o this_o when_o we_o come_v to_o consider_v his_o four_o chapter_n of_o the_o reality_n of_o our_o knowledge_n 7._o his_o second_o chapter_n of_o the_o degree_n of_o our_o knowledge_n distinguish_v it_o into_o intuitive_n demonstrative_a and_o sensitive_a solid_a be_v admirable_o solid_a clear_a and_o rational_a throughout_o the_o first_o of_o these_o be_v proper_a to_o principle_n the_o second_o to_o proof_n the_o last_o to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o particular_a thing_n or_o modes_n by_o the_o way_n of_o experiment_n indeed_o intuitive_a knowledge_n be_v proper_a to_o pure_a spirit_n call_v intelligence_n or_o angel_n which_o because_o they_o do_v not_o glean_v their_o knowledge_n from_o various_a impression_n on_o the_o sense_n consequent_o they_o do_v not_o divide_v the_o thing_n into_o part_n by_o inadequate_a notion_n when_o they_o come_v to_o know_v it_o nor_o compound_v those_o notion_n again_o into_o proposition_n as_o we_o do_v but_o at_o one_o direct_a and_o full_a view_n call_v intuition_n they_o comprehend_v the_o whole_a thing_n and_o all_o that_o belong_v to_o it_o at_o once_o whence_o it_o seem_v not_o so_o proper_a to_o attribute_v intuition_n to_o we_o mortal_n who_o be_v but_o poor_a retailer_n of_o our_o imperfect_a and_o short_a notion_n which_o we_o spell_n as_o it_o be_v and_o put_v together_o as_o child_n do_v letter_n when_o they_o be_v otherwise_o not_o able_a to_o read_v whole_a word_n current_o but_o this_o be_v very_o pardonable_a in_o mr._n locke_n for_o to_o say_v true_a it_o be_v very_o hard_a to_o find_v another_o word_n which_o fit_v our_o knowledge_n of_o first_o principle_n much_o better_o though_o i_o think_v self-evidence_n may_v serve_v myself_o have_v long_o ago_o have_v such_o a_o thought_n though_o i_o express_v it_o wary_o in_o these_o word_n there_o be_v nothing_o in_o all_o our_o knowledge_n that_o in_o the_o manner_n of_o it_o come_v so_o near_o the_o angelical_a intuition_n as_o do_v our_o knowledge_n of_o self-evident_a principle_n express_v by_o identical_a proposition_n it_o divide_v as_o little_a as_o be_v possible_a for_o we_o in_o this_o state_n for_o it_o predicate_v the_o same_o of_o the_o same_o nay_o the_o whole_a of_o the_o whole_a and_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n it_o as_o little_a compound_n again_o whence_o it_o resemble_v it_o not_o a_o little_a in_o its_o absolute_a evidence_n and_o immovable_a firmness_n and_o be_v the_o near_a approach_n possible_a to_o simple_a intuition_n that_o so_o as_o the_o order_n of_o the_o world_n require_v the_o supremum_fw-la infimi_fw-la may_v immediate_o confine_v upon_o the_o infimum_fw-la supremi_fw-la 8._o i_o be_v much_o please_v to_o see_v mr._n lock_v declare_v that_o upon_o this_o intuition_n depend_v all_o the_o certainty_n and_o evidence_n we_o have_v self-evidence_n of_o our_o knowledge_n and_o particular_o that_o in_o every_o step_v reason_n make_v in_o demonstrative_a knowledge_n that_o be_v in_o every_o consequence_n we_o deduce_v there_o be_v a_o intuitive_a knowledge_n of_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o the_o next_o intermediate_v idea_n i_o add_v upon_o which_o agreement_n all_o the_o force_n of_o consequenee_n that_o be_v all_o our_o reason_n be_v ground_v the_o evident_a proof_n he_o give_v for_o it_o here_o be_v worthy_a the_o attentive_a consideration_n of_o his_o learned_a reader_n it_o be_v not_o in_o this_o occasion_n only_o but_o in_o divers_a other_o though_o i_o have_v not_o always_o note_v they_o that_o mr._n locke_n and_o myself_o have_v without_o design_v confederacy_n agree_v in_o position_n of_o great_a moment_n which_o i_o know_v not_o how_o have_v escape_v the_o thought_n of_o all_o other_o author_n i_o have_v see_v the_o reader_n may_v please_v to_o review_v my_o method_n to_o science_n b._n 3._o lesle_n 1._o §_o 3._o where_o i_o discourse_v thus_o wherefore_o since_o if_o the_o consequence_n in_o which_o consist_v the_o essence_n and_o all_o the_o force_n and_o nerve_n of_o discourse_n be_v not_o clear_a and_o evident_a there_o can_v be_v no_o certainty_n or_o evidence_n of_o any_o thing_n that_o need_v to_o be_v make_v know_v or_o conclude_v and_o so_o our_o faculty_n of_o exact_a reason_v will_v have_v be_v give_v we_o to_o no_o purpose_n hence_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o however_o one_o proposition_n may_v be_v make_v know_v by_o other_o proposition_n that_o be_v connect_v and_o consequential_a to_o one_o another_o yet_o the_o consequence_n itself_o can_v be_v prove_v by_o another_o consequence_n for_o the_o question_n will_v still_o return_v how_o and_o in_o virtue_n of_o what_o that_o consequence_n which_o make_v the_o other_o evident_a be_v evident_a itself_o and_o so_o in_o infinitum_fw-la whence_o it_o follow_v that_o the_o evidence_n of_o all_o consequence_n whatever_o must_v be_v build_v on_o something_o in_o a_o high_a manner_n evident_a than_o any_o consequence_n or_o proof_n can_v otherwise_o make_v it_o that_o be_v on_o a_o self-evident_a proposition_n the_o certain_a knowledge_n of_o which_o kind_n of_o proposition_n as_o mr._n locke_n hold_v be_v to_o be_v have_v by_o intuition_n 9_o i_o have_v be_v large_a upon_o this_o point_n and_o do_v most_o especial_o recommend_v it_o to_o the_o best_a reflection_n of_o our_o reader_n position_n because_o it_o be_v not_o only_o the_o deep_a and_o firm_a ground_n but_o also_o the_o very_o best_a test_n of_o all_o argumentation_n and_o therefore_o the_o main_n hinge_v on_o which_o all_o science_n turn_v i_o must_v confess_v for_o all_o that_o i_o can_v see_v why_o since_o all_o self-evident_a truth_n can_v only_o be_v express_v by_o identical_a proposition_n this_o learned_a gentleman_n be_v so_o shy_a to_o use_v those_o word_n since_o the_o sense_n he_o bring_v on_o this_o occasion_n be_v clear_o equivalent_a to_o those_o identical_a form_n of_o speech_n nor_o if_o put_v into_o proposition_n can_v be_v express_v by_o any_o other_o i_o think_v we_o shall_v not_o be_v ashamed_a of_o they_o or_o think_v they_o trifle_a because_o some_o man_n of_o fancy_n who_o never_o set_v their_o thought_n to_o trace_v evidence_n and_o truth_n to_o their_o original_n be_v please_v to_o make_v themselves_o sport_n with_o they_o nor_o because_o their_o term_n be_v too_o close_o connect_v for_o they_o must_v be_v so_o and_o be_v they_o not_o so_o they_o will_v be_v unworthy_a the_o name_n of_o first_o principle_n nor_o do_v we_o any_o good_a when_o we_o come_v to_o reduce_v other_o truth_n into_o they_o which_o be_v the_o best_a way_n of_o demonstrate_v 10._o the_o extent_n of_o humane_a knowledge_n of_o which_o he_o treat_v in_o his_o 3d_o chapter_n be_v a_o very_a excellent_a subject_n science_n science_n have_v two_o capital_a enemy_n scepticism_n and_o dogmatism_n the_o one_o will_v allow_v very_o little_a or_o nothing_o at_o all_o to_o be_v know_v the_o other_o pretend_v to_o know_v too_o much_o the_o former_a by_o breed_v a_o perfect_a despair_n of_o knowledge_n discourage_v the_o industry_n of_o the_o best_a wit_n and_o make_v they_o since_o truth_n can_v be_v find_v to_o addict_v themselves_o only_o to_o wordish_a talk_n and_o declamation_n to_o which_o contribute_v not_o a_o little_a that_o many_o who_o have_v incomparable_a fancy_n have_v oftentimes_o the_o worst_a judgement_n especial_o if_o they_o have_v let_v their_o wit_n loose_v to_o raillery_n and_o drollery_n for_o such_o person_n proud_a of_o their_o joke_a talon_n do_v think_v they_o answer_v a_o demonstration_n if_o they_o can_v but_o break_v a_o jest_n upon_o it_o and_o beside_o they_o have_v the_o faculty_n of_o cut_v caper_n beyond_o the_o moon_n and_o raise_v objection_n at_o random_n the_o latter_a do_v perhaps_o as_o much_o harm_n by_o presume_v to_o demonstrate_v every_o thing_n and_o the_o overweening_a of_o these_o man_n be_v the_o more_o pernicious_a because_o they_o make_v a_o show_n of_o a_o great_a friendship_n and_o zeal_n for_o science_n and_o yet_o by_o fall_v short_a of_o their_o extravagant_a pretension_n they_o throw_v a_o scandal_n upon_o she_o and_o make_v weak_a distinguisher_n apprehend_v there_o be_v no_o science_n at_o all_o the_o one_o deviate_n from_o zeal_n for_o truth_n in_o excess_n the_o other_o in_o defect_n and_o the_o
that_o supposition_n there_o will_v have_v be_v no_o motion_n for_o motion_n of_o material_a entity_n be_v perform_v by_o the_o intervening_a of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o one_o between_o the_o part_n of_o the_o other_o and_o so_o divide_v it_o which_o be_v impossible_a unless_o the_o one_o have_v be_v rare_a or_o more_o yield_v the_o other_o denser_fw-fr or_o less_o yield_v but_o this_o once_o settle_a it_o be_v evident_a from_o the_o very_a term_n that_o there_o be_v proper_a cause_n both_o on_o the_o agent_n be_v and_o patient_n side_n for_o the_o one_o divide_v and_o the_o other_o being_n divide_v for_o the_o rare_a being_n more_o divisible_a than_o the_o dense_n it_o be_v demonstrable_a that_o the_o dense_n be_v impel_v against_o the_o rare_a by_o motion_n which_o come_v from_o a_o superior_a agent_n the_o rare_a being_n more_o divisible_a will_v give_v way_n and_o be_v divide_v by_o the_o dense_n which_o be_v clear_o impossible_a in_o the_o corpuscularian_a hypothesis_n which_o put_v all_o part_n of_o their_o matter_n to_o be_v equal_o rare_a or_o dense_n or_o rather_o as_o the_o cartesian_o do_v neither_o rare_a nor_o dense_n all_o quality_n according_a to_o they_o be_v make_v by_o mingle_v their_o three_o element_n which_o element_n be_v themselves_o make_v by_o and_o presuppose_v the_o motion_n of_o their_o first_o matter_n whereas_o yet_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o conceive_v but_o those_o part_n of_o that_o matter_n must_v be_v either_o rare_a or_o else_o dense_n at_o least_o to_o some_o degree_n and_o as_o deny_v the_o rarity_n and_o density_n in_o the_o first_o body_n do_v by_o make_v motion_n impossible_a put_v the_o course_n of_o nature_n out_o of_o frame_n both_o in_o its_o beginning_n and_o progress_n so_o it_o utter_o destroy_v all_o demonstration_n in_o physics_n which_o be_v ground_v on_o medium_n from_o proper_a cause_n and_o proper_a effect_n 16._o pass_v over_o many_o immediate_a step_n which_o show_v how_o those_o four_o principal_a quality_n heat_v cold_a moisture_n demonstrable_a and_o dryness_n be_v make_v of_o rarity_n and_o density_n act_v upon_o by_o the_o common_a cause_n in_o nature_n we_o come_v to_o show_v how_o these_o two_o primary_n quality_n do_v constitute_v many_o secondary_a one_o and_o how_o these_o last_o be_v refund_v into_o the_o other_o as_o their_o proper_a cause_n and_o therefore_o be_v demonstrable_a by_o they_o as_o by_o their_o proper_a medium_n a_o few_o instance_n may_v serve_v as_o hint_n to_o explicate_v other_o that_o great_a pellucidity_n in_o the_o air_n be_v necessary_o and_o proper_o refund_v into_o its_o extreme_a divisibility_n or_o rarity_n by_o which_o it_o become_v easy_o penetrable_a in_o all_o its_o part_n by_o those_o spicula_fw-la ignea_fw-la the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o opacity_n for_o the_o same_o reason_n be_v the_o proper_a effect_n of_o density_n which_o hinder_v its_o subject_n from_o be_v penetrate_v or_o divide_v by_o they_o whence_o also_o it_o be_v a_o proper_a cause_n of_o repel_v or_o reflect_v they_o again_o who_o see_v not_o that_o liquidity_n which_o make_v its_o subject_n easy_o yield_v to_o be_v flat_v even_o as_o we_o see_v in_o pond_n or_o drive_v to_o run_v into_o cavity_n by_o the_o common_a motion_n of_o gravitation_n be_v a_o proper_a effect_n of_o rarity_n as_o consistency_n be_v of_o density_n spissitude_n be_v a_o constipation_n of_o dense_n part_n or_o the_o want_n of_o pore_n to_o admit_v the_o ingress_n of_o other_o body_n grossitude_n be_v clear_o nothing_o but_o density_n in_o a_o big_a quantity_n of_o its_o part_n friability_n be_v refund_v into_o great_a dense_n part_n and_o very_o large_a rare_a one_o whence_o those_o rare_a part_n which_o be_v they_o less_o will_v better_o cement_v those_o part_n together_o be_v now_o very_o large_a and_o withal_o very_o divisible_a be_v easy_o divide_v and_o consequent_o the_o body_n be_v soon_o shatter_v as_o we_o find_v in_o dry_a clod_n out_o of_o which_o while_o they_o be_v yet_o wet_a dirt_n those_o part_n which_o be_v watery_a be_v draw_v by_o heat_n large_a cavity_n be_v leave_v which_o the_o air_n now_o possess_v on_o the_o other_o side_n ductility_n and_o malleability_n be_v the_o effect_n of_o the_o very_o small_a rare_a part_n fine_o compact_v with_o the_o minute_a dense_n one_o those_o small_a dense_n part_n so_o close_o weave_v and_o in_o a_o manner_n contiguous_a keep_v the_o rare_a from_o evaporate_n and_o the_o rare_a by_o be_v such_o and_o interweave_v with_o the_o dense_n all_o over_o make_v the_o compound_v yield_v to_o expansion_n without_o break_v be_v very_o small_a be_v not_o easy_o separable_a and_o yet_o though_o rarify_v far_o by_o the_o subtle_a agent_n fire_n they_o render_v it_o fusible_a 17._o be_v these_o principle_n which_o i_o raw_o and_o brief_o touch_v on_o here_o pursue_v by_o learned_a man_n with_o immediate_a inexplicable_a consequence_n which_o true_a logic_n assist_v be_v far_o from_o impossible_a the_o nature_n of_o those_o first-mixt_a quality_n and_o by_o their_o mean_n of_o many_o other_o will_v not_o be_v very_o hard_a to_o explicate_v but_o if_o man_n be_v resolve_v to_o neglect_v all_o natural_a principle_n and_o the_o intrinsical_a constitution_n of_o the_o first_o body_n in_o nature_n and_o will_v needs_o run_v upon_o nothing_o but_o mathematical_a notion_n which_o pre-suppose_a those_o principle_n nor_o can_v be_v find_v in_o nature_n unless_o the_o other_o be_v first_o admit_v or_o division_n make_v possible_a for_o neither_o part_n nor_o consequent_o figure_n of_o part_n can_v be_v make_v without_o division_n nor_o division_n unless_o some_o body_n be_v natural_o apt_a to_o divide_v other_o to_o be_v divide_v that_o be_v unless_o some_o be_v rare_a other_o dense_n or_o if_o instead_o of_o demonstrate_v their_o natural_a principle_n by_o the_o superior_a science_n they_o will_v needs_o have_v recourse_n to_o voluntary_a supposition_n and_o violate_v the_o nature_n of_o causality_n and_o of_o the_o deity_n itself_o by_o make_v he_o who_o proper_a effect_n he_o be_v essential_o self-existence_n be_v to_o give_v existence_n or_o create_v to_o be_v the_o proper_a and_o immediate_a cause_n of_o motion_n and_o go_v about_o to_o prove_v ignotum_fw-la per_fw-la ignotissimum_fw-la by_o suppose_v as_o they_o sometime_o do_v that_o god_n will_v this_o or_o that_o which_o be_v for_o the_o interest_n of_o their_o tenet_n and_o too_o hard_o to_o prove_v if_o i_o say_v man_n be_v resolve_v to_o follow_v such_o untoward_a method_n it_o be_v no_o wonder_n science_n do_v not_o advance_v but_o the_o world_n be_v detain_v in_o ignorance_n of_o many_o thing_n which_o otherwise_o it_o may_v know_v do_v learned_a man_n set_v themselves_o to_o carry_v forward_o the_o ground_n of_o nature_n in_o euclides_n physicus_fw-la where_o they_o will_v find_v demonstration_n enough_o to_o far_a conclusion_n with_o the_o same_o zeal_n as_o they_o do_v the_o mathematics_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o the_o evident_a truth_n which_o will_v by_o degree_n disclose_v themselves_o will_v both_o encourage_v and_o enable_v they_o to_o make_v a_o far_a progress_n in_o knowledge_n nor_o will_v the_o science_n of_o second_o quality_n about_o which_o physical_a demonstration_n ought_v in_o great_a part_n be_v employ_v be_v hold_v so_o desperate_a but_o to_o leave_v these_o discourse_n and_o apply_v myself_o to_o mr._n l._n i_o can_v but_o wonder_n that_o among_o all_o his_o idea_n of_o quality_n he_o not_o so_o much_o as_o once_o mention_n as_o far_o as_o i_o remember_v those_o two_o chief_a one_o of_o rarity_n and_o density_n though_o nothing_o be_v more_o obvious_a in_o the_o whole_a course_n of_o nature_n than_o these_o be_v which_o with_o many_o other_o reason_n make_v i_o think_v he_o have_v not_o see_v or_o at_o least_o well_o weigh_v the_o true_a aristotelian_a system_n which_o he_o may_v have_v see_v in_o sir_n kenelm_n digby_n treatise_n of_o body_n and_o its_o latin_a preface_n as_o also_o in_o institutiones_fw-la peripateticae_n but_o take_v it_o as_o represent_v by_o the_o modern_a school_n for_o myself_o i_o must_v declare_v i_o very_o judge_v that_o the_o ground_n i_o here_o insist_v on_o be_v the_o only_a true_a one_o that_o a_o natural_a philosopher_n can_v have_v that_o they_o be_v demonstrable_a and_o i_o do_v offer_v myself_o to_o maintain_v they_o to_o be_v such_o if_o it_o shall_v please_v any_o learned_a objector_n to_o attempt_v to_o show_v these_o principle_n faulty_a or_o that_o we_o build_v on_o any_o supposition_n at_o all_o and_o not_o on_o what_o be_v either_o self-evident_a or_o easy_o and_o immediate_o reducible_a to_o self-evidence_n which_o i_o believe_v no_o other_o sect_n of_o philosopher_n do_v ever_o so_o much_o as_o pretend_v to_o 18._o to_o come_v to_o those_o quality_n which_o be_v the_o formal_a object_n of_o our_o sense_n call_v by_o mr._n lock_v secondary_a colour_n quality_n i_o
have_v show_v already_o that_o divers_a of_o they_o be_v intelligible_a and_o explicable_a by_o rarity_n and_o density_n only_o certain_a little_a respect_n be_v add_v to_o they_o which_o too_o lie_v in_o our_o ken_n nor_o do_v i_o doubt_v but_o most_o of_o the_o other_o may_v be_v clear_o and_o distinct_o know_v by_o the_o same_o ground_n indeed_o divers_a of_o they_o depend_v on_o the_o figure_n and_o texture_n of_o part_n which_o though_o we_o can_v never_o know_v with_o a_o mathematical_a exactness_n yet_o i_o see_v not_o why_o we_o may_v not_o demonstrate_v the_o nature_n or_o kind_n of_o each_o quality_n so_o far_o as_o to_o distinguish_v they_o from_o other_o and_o refund_v they_o into_o their_o proper_a cause_n which_o be_v enough_o for_o our_o purpose_n and_o most_o proportionable_a to_o our_o state_n for_o example_n light_n bring_v from_o the_o wall_n into_o the_o eye_n and_o so_o into_o our_o know_a power_n the_o notion_n of_o whiteness_n and_o of_o other_o colour_n from_o other_o object_n it_o can_v be_v doubt_v then_o since_o light_n of_o its_o self_n be_v uniform_a but_o that_o there_o be_v some_o disposition_n in_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o object_n or_o the_o figure_n of_o its_o outmost_a part_n which_o reflect_v light_n after_o a_o different_a manner_n and_o affect_v the_o seer_n according_o nor_o be_v it_o hard_o to_o conceive_v but_o very_o evident_a that_o a_o very_a smooth_a surface_n as_o have_v few_o pore_n in_o it_o will_v reflect_v more_o light_n and_o so_o make_v it_o more_o visible_a especial_o if_o those_o outmost_a part_n be_v roundish_n which_o reflect_v light_v every_o way_n or_o towards_o all_o side_n it_o be_v manifest_a then_o that_o that_o quality_n which_o be_v most_o visible_a of_o all_o other_o be_v that_o which_o we_o call_v whiteness_n the_o proper_a cause_n of_o that_o quality_n may_v be_v find_v out_o which_o will_v further_o appear_v hence_o that_o if_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o surface_n have_v small-pointed_n part_n and_o large_a pore_n much_o of_o the_o light_n will_v be_v lose_v in_o those_o shady_a grotts_n and_o scarce_o any_o beam_n of_o it_o reflect_v which_o therefore_o be_v the_o proper_a cause_n of_o that_o lightless_a appearance_n call_v blackness_n which_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o when_o there_o be_v no_o light_n at_o all_o to_o be_v reflect_v all_o thing_n seem_v black_n if_o we_o hold_v a_o thousand_o needle_n point_n towards_o our_o eye_n they_o appear_v black_a because_o of_o the_o vastness_n of_o the_o interstice_n or_o cavity_n in_o proportion_n to_o the_o extant_a part_n which_o shall_v have_v reflect_v the_o light_n whereas_o be_v the_o object_n a_o polish_a plate_n of_o steel_n the_o interstice_n or_o pore_n be_v less_o it_o appear_v more_o luminous_a and_o whitish_a which_o may_v give_v we_o some_o faint_a but_o sure_o light_a how_o this_o colour_n be_v make_v the_o intermediate_n colour_n be_v make_v by_o the_o mixture_n and_o demixture_n of_o those_o extreme_n whence_o out_o of_o the_o degree_n of_o their_o partake_v those_o contrary_a or_o subcontrary_a quality_n be_v frame_v as_o blue_a green_n yellow_a and_o all_o other_o colour_n nor_o be_v this_o degree_n constitute_v each_o of_o those_o species_n unknowable_a a_o picture-drawer_n can_v tell_v we_o what_o proportion_n of_o his_o paint_n of_o such_o a_o colour_n he_o add_v to_o that_o of_o another_o colour_n to_o make_v what_o three_o colour_n he_o please_v we_o see_v then_o that_o the_o secondary_a quality_n of_o colour_n may_v come_v within_o the_o compass_n of_o our_o knowledge_n nor_o do_v i_o see_v why_o the_o rest_n of_o they_o may_v not_o become_v equal_o intelligible_a do_v we_o serious_o set_v our_o reflex_n thought_n on_o work_n to_o study_v they_o especial_o experimental_a knowledge_n assist_v by_o hint_v to_o we_o such_o matter_n of_o fact_n as_o give_v light_n to_o our_o reason_n when_o furnish_v with_o and_o attentive_a to_o true_a natural_a principle_n how_o it_o may_v reduce_v those_o quality_n unto_o their_o proper_a cause_n which_o be_v the_o only_a work_n of_o science_n reflection_n eighteen_o on_o the_o four_o and_o 5_o chapter_n 1._o i_o come_v now_o to_o a_o near_a view_n of_o the_o four_o chapter_n of_o the_o reality_n of_o knowledge_n the_o main_a point_n in_o which_o the_o whole_a doctrine_n of_o the_o ideist_n be_v concern_v question_n to_o state_n it_o right_o i_o do_v not_o doubt_v as_o i_o have_v express_v myself_o former_o but_o that_o the_o ideist_n have_v many_o true_a notion_n of_o the_o thing_n that_o be_v the_o thing_n themselves_o in_o their_o mind_n after_o a_o natural_a manner_n as_o well_o as_o their_o opposer_n have_v notwithstanding_o their_o ill_a speculation_n and_o thence_o oftentimes_o discourse_v right_a for_o the_o same_o reason_n that_o though_o some_o philosopher_n hold_v that_o the_o eye_n see_v per_fw-la emissionem_fw-la other_o per_fw-la receptionem_fw-la radiorum_fw-la yet_o they_o natural_o see_v both_o a_o like_a however_o their_o speculative_a thought_n disfer_v about_o the_o manner_n how_o seeing_n be_v make_v wherefore_o the_o true_a state_n of_o the_o question_n be_v whether_o they_o can_v have_v any_o real_a knowledge_n of_o the_o thing_n in_o nature_n according_a to_o the_o principle_n of_o the_o ideist_n or_o by_o their_o put_v our_o notion_n which_o be_v the_o ground_n and_o material_n of_o our_o knowledge_n to_o be_v only_a likeness_n appearance_n similitude_n resemblance_n portraiture_n or_o picture_n of_o the_o thing_n which_o be_v the_o name_n they_o give_v they_o and_o not_o the_o thing_n themselves_o in_o our_o mind_n for_o if_o they_o can_v have_v no_o real_a knowledge_n or_o knowledge_n of_o the_o thing_n by_o such_o mere_o represent_v idea_n than_o it_o must_v be_v say_v that_o those_o idea_n be_v confess_o the_o first_o and_o only_a material_n of_o their_o knowledge_n the_o ideist_n will_v become_v oftentimes_o liable_a to_o deviate_v from_o nature_n and_o fall_v into_o error_n by_o adhere_v to_o such_o groundless_a principle_n as_o be_v the_o substitute_v very_o often_o empty_a resemblance_n or_o fancy_n for_o the_o thing_n themselves_o nor_o can_v they_o ever_o be_v able_a to_o give_v a_o solid_a account_n by_o their_o principle_n that_o they_o know_v any_o thing_n 2._o now_o it_o seem_v to_o i_o though_o i_o shall_v wave_v those_o many_o pregnant_a argument_n bring_v against_o they_o in_o my_o inexplicable_a three_o first_o preliminary_n that_o the_o very_a position_n of_o the_o ideist_n do_v decide_v the_o question_n and_o confute_v themselves_o for_o if_o we_o may_v trust_v their_o word_n they_o agree_v that_o we_o know_v the_o thing_n as_o well_o as_o the_o idea_n and_o only_o differ_v in_o the_o manner_n how_o of_o which_o mr._n l._n tell_v we_o here_o §_o 3._o it_o be_v evident_a the_o mind_n know_v not_o thing_n immediate_o but_o only_o by_o the_o intervention_n of_o the_o idea_n it_o have_v of_o they_o whence_o i_o much_o fear_n that_o by_o idea_n he_o mean_v phantasm_n or_o material_a picture_n in_o the_o imagination_n by_o who_o intervention_n it_o be_v indeed_o confess_v we_o know_v for_o otherwise_o it_o be_v far_o from_o evident_a that_o we_o know_v they_o by_o mean_n of_o those_o spiritual_a conception_n we_o call_v notion_n since_o we_o bring_v many_o close_a argument_n fetch_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n to_o prove_v that_o there_o be_v perfect_a evidence_n of_o the_o contrary_a for_o those_o idea_n or_o notion_n be_v hold_v and_o show_v by_o we_o to_o be_v the_o thing_n in_o our_o mind_n their_o very_a be_v there_o or_o in_o a_o know_a power_n be_v to_o be_v know_v nor_o can_v they_o be_v hold_v by_o we_o to_o be_v the_o mean_n to_o know_v themselves_o for_o so_o the_o same_o will_v be_v the_o mean_n and_o end_n both_o which_o be_v a_o contradiction_n but_o let_v we_o consider_v his_o word_n the_o mind_n he_o say_v know_v the_o thing_n by_o the_o intervention_n of_o idea_n the_o question_n than_o be_v what_o the_o idea_n do_v and_o what_o the_o word_n intervention_n mean_n do_v the_o mind_n see_v the_o thing_n without_o by_o send_v out_o her_o ray_n of_o knowledge_n to_o it_o this_o can_v be_v say_v in_o regard_n all_o the_o act_n of_o knowledge_n which_o the_o mind_n have_v be_v immanent_a one_o and_o be_v receive_v in_o that_o which_o produce_v they_o as_o in_o their_o only_a subject_n do_v then_o the_o thing_n that_o be_v without_o send_v its_o beam_n by_o the_o idea_n as_o by_o a_o kind_n of_o spiritual_a optick-glass_n to_o which_o the_o mind_n lay_v her_o intellectual_a eye_n neither_o can_v this_o be_v say_v for_o the_o mind_n can_v see_v or_o know_v the_o thing_n itself_o be_v it_o in_o it_o else_o how_o can_v it_o know_v the_o idea_n rather_o be_v the_o thing_n in_o the_o understanding_n it_o can_v not_o but_o be_v know_v whether_o there_o be_v any_o similitude_n beside_o
though_o word_n be_v needful_a to_o signify_v they_o and_o therefore_o i_o must_v deny_v that_o the_o consideration_n of_o word_n be_v a_o necessary_a part_n of_o the_o treatise_n of_o knowledge_n meaning_n by_o that_o word_n philosophical_a knowledge_n as_o our_o circumstance_n determine_v we_o let_v logician_n but_o take_v care_n that_o the_o word_n be_v univocal_a and_o not_o equivocal_a or_o double_o sense_v and_o all_o else_o that_o can_v be_v consider_v to_o belong_v to_o truth_n be_v to_o be_v look_v for_o in_o the_o mind_n and_o can_v be_v no_o where_o else_o hence_o i_o can_v admit_v his_o distinction_n of_o certainty_n of_o truth_n and_o certainty_n of_o knowledge_n in_o any_o other_o sense_n than_o that_o knowledge_n be_v the_o act_n and_o truth_n the_o only_a object_n of_o that_o act_n since_o nothing_o can_v be_v know_v to_o be_v what_o be_v not_o nor_o know_v to_o be_v true_a which_o be_v not_o true_a the_o generical_a notion_n certainty_n shall_v first_o have_v be_v explicate_v ere_o those_o two_o sort_n of_o it_o have_v be_v define_v otherwise_o both_o those_o definition_n must_v necessary_o remain_v unintelligible_a i_o shall_v presume_v that_o i_o have_v in_o my_o method_n show_v from_o its_o ground_n what_o certainty_n be_v viz._n the_o determination_n of_o our_o understanding_n or_o judge_v power_n by_o the_o object_n be_v actuate_a it_o or_o be_v actual_o in_o it_o as_o it_o be_v in_o its_o self_n with_o which_o what_o his_o put_v together_o of_o word_n in_o verbal_a proposition_n have_v to_o do_v surpass_v my_o understanding_n and_o it_o be_v as_o hard_a to_o conceive_v that_o general_a truth_n can_v never_o be_v well_o make_v know_v and_o be_v very_o seldom_o apprehend_v but_o as_o conceive_v and_o express_v in_o word_n that_o general_a truth_n can_v be_v make_v know_v to_o other_o without_o word_n be_v in_o a_o manner_n as_o evident_a as_o it_o be_v that_o we_o can_v see_v one_o another_o thought_n nor_o be_v this_o peculiar_a to_o general_n truth_n for_o scarce_o can_v particular_a one_o be_v make_v know_v any_o other_o way_n but_o that_o they_o can_v be_v know_v or_o apprehend_v by_o ourselves_o which_o seem_v here_o to_o be_v his_o meaning_n but_o as_o conceive_a and_o express_v in_o word_n be_v so_o far_o from_o evident_a that_o the_o contrary_a be_v such_o for_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o express_v they_o in_o word_n unless_o we_o do_v first_o apprehend_v and_o conceive_v they_o in_o our_o thought_n and_o be_v not_o this_o so_o all_o the_o while_o we_o use_v word_n in_o speak_v of_o general_n truth_n we_o shall_v do_v nothing_o but_o talk_v of_o we_o know_v not_o what_o for_o our_o thought_n and_o apprehension_n be_v ex_fw-la natura_fw-la rei_fw-la presuppose_v to_o the_o word_n by_o which_o we_o express_v they_o and_o to_o do_v otherwise_o be_v to_o let_v our_o tongue_n run_v before_o our_o wit._n whence_o we_o account_v they_o silly_a and_o senseless_a people_n and_o perverter_n of_o nature_n who_o make_v use_v of_o word_n before_o they_o know_v their_o mean_v 2._o i_o have_v show_v above_o that_o it_o be_v not_o necessary_a to_o our_o be_v certain_a of_o any_o proposition_n that_o we_o know_v the_o precise_a species_n bound_n and_o extent_n of_o the_o species_n it_o stand_v for_o but_o that_o it_o be_v sufficient_a to_o know_v it_o in_o part_n distinct_o and_o the_o rest_n of_o it_o or_o the_o whole_a confuse_o provide_v that_o part_n of_o it_o which_o we_o know_v be_v sufficient_a to_o distinguish_v it_o from_o all_o other_o species_n and_o be_v not_o this_o so_o it_o will_v follow_v that_o we_o never_o can_v know_v the_o truth_n of_o any_o universal_a proposition_n whatever_o especial_o when_o we_o discourse_v of_o the_o species_n infima_fw-la which_o require_v a_o complexion_n of_o very_a many_o accident_n who_o precise_a number_n and_o bound_n be_v utter_o unknowable_a by_o we_o a_o position_n which_o make_v logic_n useless_a scarce_o any_o conclusion_n be_v deducible_a from_o premise_n unless_o one_o of_o they_o be_v a_o universal_a and_o quite_o destroy_v all_o science_n which_o be_v employ_v about_o universal_a or_o general_a truth_n he_o instance_n in_o man_n and_o gold_n and_o judge_n that_o for_o want_v of_o know_v the_o extent_n of_o their_o species_n it_o be_v impossible_a with_o any_o certainty_n to_o affirm_v that_o all_o man_n be_v rational_a or_o all_o gold_n yellow_a we_o can_v indeed_o know_v this_o by_o consider_v every_o individual_a man_n by_o the_o poll_n but_o if_o by_o the_o word_n man_n we_o mean_v no_o more_o but_o a_o rational_a animal_n it_o be_v so_o far_o from_o impossible_a to_o know_v and_o affirm_v that_o all_o man_n be_v rational_a that_o it_o be_v impossible_a not_o to_o know_v it_o and_o be_v it_o a_o proper_a place_n to_o make_v good_a that_o definition_n here_o i_o can_v demonstrate_v that_o it_o do_v agree_v to_o man_n and_o can_v agree_v to_o nothing_o else_o and_o therefore_o that_o definition_n be_v true_a and_o adequate_a nor_o can_v the_o contrary_n be_v sustain_v any_o other_o way_n but_o by_o unacquaint_v we_o with_o ourselves_o and_o our_o own_o kind_a and_o by_o jumble_v together_o these_o species_n which_o be_v distinguish_v by_o contradictory_n difference_n and_o confound_a the_o vastly-distinct_a nature_n and_o property_n of_o corporeal_a and_o spiritual_a being_n as_o for_o the_o species_n of_o gold_n yellowness_n which_o he_o instance_n in_o be_v not_o essential_a to_o it_o as_o rationality_n be_v to_o man_n as_o be_v but_o one_o of_o those_o accident_n by_o which_o we_o distinguish_v it_o from_o other_o species_n of_o mineral_n and_o i_o have_v hint_v some_o other_o former_o which_o be_v more_o intrinsical_v and_o essential_a to_o it_o than_o its_o colour_n again_o we_o be_v moreover_o certain_a by_o manifest_a and_o daily_a experience_n and_o by_o the_o constant_a and_o common_a practice_n of_o the_o world_n that_o mankind_n be_v acquaint_v with_o enough_o of_o those_o accident_n to_o distinguish_v it_o one_o bespeak_v a_o golden_a cup_n and_o the_o goldsmith_n make_v it_o for_o he_o nor_o be_v it_o ever_o hear_v that_o any_o of_o this_o trade_n do_v hope_n to_o cozen_v a_o sensible_a man_n by_o obtrude_a upon_o the_o buyer_n brass_n or_o any_o other_o metal_n for_o gold_n or_o if_o he_o do_v that_o goldsmith's-hall_n can_v not_o distinguish_v it_o nay_o if_o it_o be_v but_o a_o little_a alloyd_v there_o be_v way_n to_o find_v it_o out_o which_o show_v that_o mankind_n be_v furnish_v with_o mean_n enough_o to_o distinguish_v gold_n from_o other_o metal_n and_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n other_o thing_n also_o though_o the_o extent_n of_o all_o the_o species_n and_o their_o precise_a bound_n be_v not_o exact_o know_v to_o those_o speculater_n who_o will_v needs_o forgo_v their_o natural_a knowledge_n of_o thing_n to_o pursue_v scrupulous_a fancy_n which_o let_v loose_a to_o fly_v at_o rover_n be_v too_o hard_o for_o their_o reason_n unestablish_v by_o principle_n 3._o hence_o a_o answer_n be_v give_v to_o mr._n locke_n acute_a difficulty_n viz._n that_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o we_o to_o know_v that_o this_o or_o of_o that_o quality_n or_o idea_n have_v a_o necessary_a connexion_n with_o a_o real_a essence_n of_o which_o we_o have_v no_o idea_n at_o all_o that_o be_v according_a to_o his_o principle_n no_o knowledge_n for_o since_o a_o real_a essence_n be_v that_o which_o constitute_v such_o a_o kind_n of_o ens_fw-la or_o species_n and_o what_o distinguish_v a_o entity_n or_o species_n from_o all_o other_o do_v also_o make_v it_o this_o or_o that_o species_n that_o be_v do_v constitute_v it_o it_o follow_v that_o since_o by_o my_o discourse_n here_o we_o have_v such_o a_o degree_n of_o knowledge_n of_o that_o kind_n of_o ens_fw-la call_v gold_n as_o to_o distinguish_v it_o from_o all_o other_o we_o have_v a_o sufficient_a and_o true_a though_o not_o a_o adequate_a and_o distinct_a knowledge_n of_o its_o essence_n too_o that_o constitute_v it_o such_o a_o kind_n of_o ens._n indeed_o if_o nothing_o will_v content_v we_o but_o superfluous_a knowledge_n for_o curiosity_n sake_n of_o each_o particular_a mode_n that_o belong_v to_o that_o essence_n it_o be_v no_o wonder_n if_o we_o labour_v in_o vain_a and_o by_o over-straining_a to_o go_v beyond_o ourselves_o in_o this_o state_n fall_v short_a of_o our_o aim_n i_o must_v confess_v that_o it_o will_v concern_v we_o much_o as_o we_o be_v to_o know_v whether_o there_o be_v any_o quality_n which_o we_o do_v not_o yet_o know_v in_o the_o thing_n inconsistent_a with_o those_o we_o do_v know_v for_o this_o will_v blunder_v our_o notion_n of_o it_o and_o make_v it_o chimerical_a but_o as_o it_o be_v impossible_a creative_a wisdom_n shall_v lay_v ground_n for_o contradiction_n so_o in_o case_n those_o quality_n be_v all_o consistent_a where_o be_v the_o harm_n not_o to_o know_v
that_o such_o proposition_n do_v not_o concern_v existence_n he_o mean_v i_o suppose_v existence_n in_o nature_n or_o out_o of_o the_o mind_n or_o else_o not_o at_o all_o and_o the_o copula_fw-la est_fw-la must_v necessary_o signify_v some_o kind_n of_o existence_n as_o well_o as_o identify_v the_o two_o term_n in_o every_o proposition_n or_o otherwise_o it_o will_v be_v a_o sound_n or_o no_o word_n but_o this_o discourse_n be_v perhaps_o needless_a be_v as_o i_o think_v in_o great_a part_n grant_v here_o all_o i_o intend_v by_o it_o be_v to_o clear_v the_o notion_n of_o existence_n in_o the_o title_n and_o that_o it_o mean_v existence_n out_o of_o the_o mind_n by_o which_o thing_n or_o individuum_n be_v in_o themselves_o whether_o we_o think_v of_o they_o or_o no._n i_o grant_v too_o that_o we_o have_v so_o certain_a a_o knowledge_n of_o our_o own_o existence_n that_o it_o can_v need_v no_o proof_n but_o i_o deny_v we_o have_v it_o by_o intuition_n and_o i_o affirm_v we_o get_v it_o and_o have_v it_o by_o plain_a sensation_n or_o experience_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o we_o know_v the_o existence_n of_o other_o body_n as_o will_v be_v show_v when_o we_o come_v to_o reflect_v on_o the_o 11_o chapter_n 2._o his_o demonstration_n of_o a_o deity_n chap._n 10_o be_v very_o acute_a nor_o do_v he_o here_o affect_v recourse_n to_o his_o idea_n or_o implicatory_a build_v on_o they_o express_o or_o as_o he_o too_o often_o do_v in_o other_o place_n take_v phantasm_n for_o notion_n which_o take_v off_o the_o force_n of_o his_o reason_n particular_o he_o argue_v so_o strong_o that_o a_o cogitative_a be_v can_v never_o be_v make_v of_o meer-matter_n that_o i_o do_v judge_v it_o unanswerable_a and_o withal_o that_o it_o necessary_o conclude_v that_o brute_n can_v have_v no_o knowledge_n without_o have_v something_o in_o they_o that_o be_v spiritual_a which_o i_o be_o sure_a he_o will_v not_o say_v i_o can_v wish_v mr._n l._n have_v be_v steady_a to_o this_o distinction_n of_o those_o two_o nature_n of_o spiritual_a and_o corporeal_a which_o adequate_o divide_v ens_fw-la which_o i_o think_v he_o be_v not_o when_o he_o say_v b._n 4._o ch._n 3._o §_o 6._o that_o he_o see_v no_o contradiction_n in_o it_o that_o god_n shall_v if_o he_o please_v give_v to_o certain_a system_n of_o create_v senseless_a matter_n put_v together_o as_o he_o think_v fit_a some_o degree_n of_o sense_n perception_n and_o thought_n for_o if_o the_o nature_n of_o mere_a matter_n by_o be_v commodious_o put_v together_o can_v bear_v the_o have_a thoughtfulness_n it_o be_v but_o compound_v it_o more_o artificial_o and_o it_o may_v be_v as_o cogitative_a as_o the_o wise_a man_n live_v and_o so_o farewell_n to_o all_o spirituality_n of_o our_o soul_n nay_o to_o all_o spiritual_a nature_n whatever_o for_o to_o what_o end_n shall_v god_n create_v the_o distinct_a nature_n of_o spirit_n if_o matter_n wise_o order_v can_v perform_v all_o their_o operation_n if_o once_o we_o yield_v that_o matter_n convenient_o contrive_v can_v be_v capable_a of_o any_o degree_n of_o knowledge_n it_o be_v but_o contrive_v it_o better_o and_o better_o and_o who_o can_v stint_v god_n omnipotency_n in_o this_o more_o than_o in_o other_o thing_n and_o it_o may_v be_v capable_a of_o the_o high_a degree_n of_o science_n and_o consequent_o to_o create_v spiritual_a nature_n at_o all_o will_v be_v needless_a and_o to_o no_o purpose_n beside_o if_o man_n and_o brute_n differ_v only_o in_o the_o degree_n of_o knowledge_n they_o ought_v to_o be_v of_o the_o same_o species_n since_o magis_fw-la et_fw-la minus_fw-la non_fw-la variant_n specïem_fw-la for_o otherwise_o every_o single_a man_n will_v make_v a_o distinct_a species_n which_o be_v a_o plain_a contradiction_n against_o this_o position_n of_o the_o possibility_n of_o matter_n be_v cogitative_a he_o argue_v here_o very_o vigorous_o §_o 10._o and_o show_v clear_o that_o incogitative_a matter_n and_o motion_n whatever_o change_v it_o may_v produce_v of_o figure_n and_o bulk_n can_v never_o produce_v think_v he_o will_v say_v that_o though_o it_o can_v not_o do_v this_o of_o itself_o yet_o god_n can_v make_v it_o do_v it_o but_o if_o god_n can_v contradict_v himself_o or_o do_v unwise_o then_o since_o his_o creative_a wisdom_n have_v establish_v each_o kind_n of_o nature_n to_o be_v itself_o and_o no_o other_o then_o to_o put_v in_o god_n a_o power_n to_o confound_v those_o nature_n again_o which_o he_o do_v if_o he_o shall_v confound_v the_o primary_n and_o proper_a operation_n of_o spirit_n which_o be_v thought_n knowledge_n or_o reason_n by_o give_v it_o to_o body_n be_v to_o put_v a_o power_n in_o god_n to_o do_v contradiction_n that_o be_v to_o do_v impossibility_n for_o whatever_o be_v against_o the_o essence_n or_o nature_n of_o any_o thing_n make_v that_o thing_n not_o to_o be_v itself_o which_o be_v against_o a_o identical_a and_o self_n evident_a proposition_n and_o a_o direct_a contradiction_n 3._o the_o clear_a distinction_n of_o corporeal_a and_o spiritual_a nature_n be_v of_o that_o vast_a importance_n that_o though_o it_o may_v nature_n seem_v a_o little_a unseasonable_a i_o can_v but_o take_v this_o occasion_n to_o reflect_v once_o more_o upon_o mr._n l_n doctrine_n in_o this_o point_n apprehend_v i_o may_v not_o meet_v with_o a_o fit_a opportunity_n hereafter_o i_o have_v reason_n to_o think_v that_o he_o do_v not_o exclude_v materiality_n out_o of_o the_o idea_n of_o spirit_n or_o at_o least_o of_o the_o soul_n which_o all_o christian_a philosopher_n and_o most_o heathen_n too_o hold_v to_o be_v of_o a_o spiritual_a nature_n on_o the_o other_o side_n he_o attribute_n reason_n and_o knowledge_n in_o some_o degree_n at_o least_o to_o brute_n now_o out_o of_o these_o two_o position_n it_o follow_v demonstrative_o 1._o that_o the_o corporeal_a and_o spiritual_a nature_n be_v not_o clear_o distinguish_v which_o utter_o destroy_v all_o possibility_n of_o truth_n in_o philosophy_n and_o seem_v to_o do_v no_o small_a prejudice_n to_o truth_n of_o a_o high_a concern_v which_o be_v leave_v inexplicable_a to_o man_n of_o sense_n if_o those_o inferior_a truth_n which_o relate_v to_o the_o clear_a distinction_n of_o those_o two_o nature_n be_v violate_v and_o render_v uncertain_a for_o corporeal_a and_o spiritual_a nature_n comprise_v or_o divide_v between_o themselves_o the_o object_n of_o all_o the_o science_n a_o philosopher_n can_v treat_v of_o whether_o they_o be_v physics_n ethic_n or_o metaphysic_n all_o which_o must_v necessary_o build_v their_o discourse_n and_o draw_v their_o conclusion_n from_o such_o notion_n as_o be_v take_v from_o and_o do_v of_o right_o belong_v to_o those_o two_o distinct_a nature_n it_o follow_v that_o if_o these_o two_o nature_n be_v confound_v and_o jumble_v together_o and_o be_v not_o clear_o distinguish_v it_o be_v impossible_a any_o clear_a conclusion_n can_v be_v draw_v from_o either_o of_o they_o or_o any_o rational_a discourse_n make_v concern_v they_o 2._o that_o mr._n l_n way_n of_o philosophize_v by_o idea_n which_o lead_v he_o into_o such_o strange_a error_n or_o at_o least_o afford_v he_o no_o certain_a light_n to_o distinguish_v those_o nature_n be_v good_a for_o nothing_o at_o all_o for_o if_o it_o can_v furnish_v he_o with_o mean_n to_o put_v a_o clear_a distinction_n between_o nature_n so_o wide_o distant_a and_o different_a from_o one_o another_o much_o less_o can_v it_o assist_v he_o to_o show_v clear_o what_o modes_n accident_n or_o property_n belong_v to_o one_o nature_n what_o to_o the_o other_o or_o to_o distinguish_v those_o nature_n which_o be_v infericur_fw-fr to_o those_o two_o general_a one_o and_o therefore_o differ_v far_o less_o from_o one_o another_o than_o they_o do_v it_o remain_v then_o to_o show_v that_o mr._n l_n doctrine_n by_o way_n of_o idea_n do_v not_o put_v a_o clear_a distinction_n between_o the_o aforesaid_a nature_n but_o confound_v they_o together_o he_o hold_v it_o not_o to_o be_v certain_a that_o immateriality_n be_v not_o include_v in_o the_o notion_n of_o our_o spiritual_a part_n the_o soul_n it_o may_v therefore_o be_v material_a or_o have_v matter_n in_o it_o for_o any_o thing_n his_o way_n of_o ideas_n tell_v he_o and_o therefore_o since_o matter_n can_v be_v cramp_v into_o a_o indivisible_a it_o may_v be_v divisihle_n or_o extend_v and_o so_o may_v be_v divide_v or_o shatter_v that_o be_v its_o unity_n be_v thus_o lose_v and_o consequent_o its_o entity_n it_o may_v cease_v to_o be_v or_o be_v corrupt_v again_o if_o it_o be_v divisible_a it_o must_v be_v to_o some_o degree_n or_o either_o more_o or_o less_o divisible_a that_o be_v rare_a or_o else_o dense_n if_o rare_a then_o since_o passivenes_n be_v essential_a to_o the_o notion_n of_o matter_n it_o may_v by_o the_o operation_n of_o other_o material_a cause_n which_o never_o want_v be_v condense_v and_o
above_o of_o the_o word_n idea_n that_o we_o can_v build_v no_o degree_n of_o certainty_n nor_o improvement_n of_o knowledge_n upon_o it_o especial_o since_o mr._n lock_v himself_o according_a to_o his_o usual_a candour_n and_o modesty_n declare_v here_o he_o do_v but_o think_v it_o true_a but_o which_o be_v the_o hard_a case_n of_o all_o to_o embrace_v this_o principle_n we_o must_v be_v oblige_v to_o quit_v all_o our_o self-evident_a maxim_n as_o of_o little_a use_n upon_o which_o ourselves_o and_o all_o the_o learned_a part_n of_o the_o world_n have_v proceed_v hitherto_o 12._o it_o be_v a_o great_a truth_n that_o it_o be_v a_o right_a method_n of_o advance_v knowledge_n to_o consider_v our_o abstract_a notion_n but_o if_o science_n these_o be_v not_o the_o thing_n nor_o as_o mr._n locke'_v complex_n idea_n be_v so_o much_o as_o like_v they_o i_o see_v not_o but_o that_o let_v we_o consider_v they_o as_o much_o as_o we_o will_v we_o shall_v be_v never_o the_o near_o attain_v any_o real_a knowledge_n by_o such_o a_o consideration_n i_o add_v that_o it_o be_v also_o as_o necessary_a to_o find_v out_o middle_a term_n that_o be_v proper_a without_o which_o no_o science_n can_v be_v have_v of_o any_o new_a conclusion_n nor_o consequent_o can_v we_o without_o this_o advance_v one_o step_v in_o exact_a knowledge_n it_o be_v a_o certain_a truth_n also_o that_o morality_n be_v capable_a of_o demonstration_n though_o i_o do_v not_o remember_v that_o any_o author_n but_o mr._n locke_n and_o myself_o have_v be_v so_o bold_a as_o open_o to_o profess_v it_o the_o current_n of_o slight_a speculater_n have_v long_o endeavour_v to_o make_v it_o pass_v for_o a_o kind_n of_o maxim_n that_o there_o be_v no_o perfect_a certainty_n to_o be_v have_v but_o only_o in_o line_n and_o number_n whereas_o the_o principle_n of_o morality_n be_v as_o evident_a and_o the_o notion_n belong_v to_o such_o subject_n as_o clear_a as_o those_o in_o natural_a philosophy_n perhaps_o clear_a as_o this_o worthy_a author_n have_v show_v most_o manifest_o it_o be_v also_o true_a that_o knowledge_n may_v be_v better_v by_o experience_n but_o if_o he_o mean_v scientifical_a knowledge_n which_o be_v the_o effect_n of_o demonstration_n i_o must_v deny_v it_o unless_o common_a principle_n of_o nature_n do_v guide_v experience_n and_o give_v it_o light_n of_o the_o true_a and_o proper_a cause_n of_o what_o experience_n inform_v our_o sense_n for_o without_o their_o assistance_n as_o i_o have_v show_v in_o the_o preface_n to_o my_o my_o method_n experimental_a knowledge_n can_v never_o produce_v any_o one_o scientifical_a conclusion_n i_o add_v that_o true_a science_n will_v be_v a_o thousand_o time_n more_o advance_v do_v learned_a man_n bend_v their_o endeavour_n to_o begin_v with_o the_o primary_n affection_n of_o body_n and_o thence_o proceed_v gradual_o to_o secondary_a or_o more_o compound_v one_o for_o this_o method_n will_v furnish_v studious_a man_n with_o good_a store_n of_o proper_a middle_a term_n to_o deduce_v their_o demonstration_n last_o it_o be_v true_a that_o we_o must_v beware_v of_o hypothesis_n and_o wrong_v principle_n but_o where_o shall_v we_o find_v any_o sect._n of_o philosopher_n who_o for_o want_v of_o exact_a skill_n in_o logic_n and_o metaphysic_n be_v not_o force_v to_o build_v upon_o hypothesis_n and_o those_o general_o false_a one_o too_o but_o our_o anti-ideists_a who_o i_o take_v to_o be_v true_a follower_n of_o aristotle_n in_o his_o main_a principle_n and_o the_o only_a true_a understander_n of_o his_o doctrine_n it_o be_v indeed_o scarce_o possible_a that_o those_o who_o be_v not_o well_o qualify_v with_o those_o two_o science_n shall_v be_v capable_a to_o comprehend_v his_o true_a sense_n 13._o mr._n lock_v judge_n that_o a_o man_n may_v pore_v long_o enough_o on_o those_o maxim_n use_v by_o euclid_n without_o see_v one_o jot_n the_o more_o maxim_n of_o mathematical_a truth_n self-evident_a truth_n need_v not_o be_v pour_v upon_o at_o all_o nor_o be_v they_o ever_o mean_v for_o the_o attain_n new_a knowledge_n by_o pore_v on_o those_o proposition_n single_o consider_v yet_o these_o maxim_n must_v be_v pre-supposed_n to_o be_v true_a and_o admit_v or_o the_o argument_n will_v very_o often_o want_v their_o best_a cement_n that_o give_v they_o a_o evident_a and_o necessary_a coherence_n they_o be_v prefix_v by_o euclid_n at_o first_o both_o because_o they_o may_v often_o come_v in_o play_n afterward_o as_o also_o because_o it_o will_v throw_v off_o the_o tenor_n of_o the_o discourse_n to_o mention_v they_o still_o express_o every_o time_n there_o needs_o recourse_n to_o they_o whence_o it_o be_v judge_v fit_a by_o he_o and_o other_o like_v he_o to_o premise_v they_o at_o first_o and_o then_o refer_v to_o they_o let_v man_n but_o observe_v how_o and_o in_o what_o occasion_n euclid_n make_v use_v of_o they_o and_o it_o will_v then_o be_v best_a see_v what_o they_o be_v good_a for_o but_o if_o they_o be_v good_a for_o nothing_o at_o all_o i_o be_o sure_a it_o must_v be_v conclude_v that_o both_o euclid_n himself_o and_o such_o writer_n and_o user_n of_o maxim_n be_v all_o of_o they_o a_o company_n of_o vain_a idle_a fop_n to_o amuse_v their_o reader_n by_o propose_v so_o solemn_o such_o ridiculous_a trifle_n and_o dub_a those_o insignificant_a bauble_n with_o the_o honourable_a title_n of_o maxim_n and_o principle_n to_o fix_v which_o dis-repute_n upon_o he_o and_o his_o imitater_n will_n i_o doubt_v much_o scandalize_v every_o true_a member_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o learning_n reflection_n 21th_o on_o the_o fourteen_o fifteen_o and_o sixteen_o chapter_n 1._o i_o be_o sorry_a i_o must_v declare_v that_o in_o mr._n locke_n 14_o chapter_n which_o treat_v of_o judgement_n there_o be_v scarce_o one_o line_n that_o i_o can_v yield_v to_o i_o discourse_v thus_o judgement_n state_v do_v most_o evident_o import_v the_o fixure_n of_o our_o understanding_n in_o its_o assent_n to_o the_o truth_n or_o falsehood_n of_o any_o proposition_n for_o to_o say_v i_o judge_v a_o thing_n to_o be_v so_o be_v the_o same_o as_o to_o say_v i_o be_o full_o and_o firm_o persuade_v it_o be_v so_o now_o this_o fixure_n of_o the_o mind_n may_v arise_v from_o two_o cause_n reason_n and_o passion_n under_o the_o word_n reason_n take_v at_o large_a i_o comprehend_v all_o kind_n of_o evident_a knowledge_n whatever_o that_o can_v belong_v to_o a_o rational_a creature_n to_o passion_n belong_v all_o precipitancy_n of_o assent_n from_o what_o motive_n or_o cause_n soever_o it_o spring_v the_o former_a make_v we_o adhere_v to_o what_o we_o judge_v upon_o such_o motive_n as_o by_o their_o evidence_n do_v determine_v the_o understanding_n to_o assent_v and_o fix_v it_o in_o that_o assent_n which_o motive_n therefore_o can_v be_v only_o such_o as_o be_v pure_o intellectual_a or_o such_o as_o by_o our_o proceed_v upon_o they_o we_o see_v clear_o the_o thing_n must_v be_v so_o or_o not_o so_o as_o we_o apprehend_v the_o late_a spring_n from_o the_o will_n corrupt_v and_o bias_v by_o some_o interest_n or_o pleasure_n which_o inveigle_v our_o understanding_n to_o adhere_v to_o it_o as_o a_o truth_n because_o the_o will_n will_v have_v it_o so_o again_o there_o be_v two_o sort_n of_o object_n man_n as_o have_v two_o nature_n in_o he_o may_v be_v employ_v about_o viz._n outward_a action_n and_o inward_a assent_n the_o former_a do_v general_o concern_v the_o external_n convenience_n or_o necessity_n of_o our_o temporal_a life_n here_o the_o late_a the_o interior_a and_o natural_a perfection_n of_o our_o soul_n which_o be_v the_o adhere_n to_o truth_n and_o reject_v of_o error_n in_o the_o former_a of_o these_o we_o can_v have_v no_o clear_a evidence_n or_o very_o seldom_o both_o because_o outward_a action_n be_v employ_v about_o particular_n of_o which_o we_o can_v have_v no_o science_n as_o also_o because_o those_o particular_n about_o which_o we_o be_v to_o act_n be_v surround_v with_o almost_o innumerable_a circumstance_n which_o we_o can_v comprehend_v and_o waylay_v by_o the_o undiscoverable_a ambush_n of_o fortune_n so_o that_o we_o can_v seldom_o or_o never_o with_o absolute_a certainty_n know_v whether_o they_o may_v or_o may_v not_o prove_v successful_a notwithstanding_o which_o danger_n when_o there_o be_v necessity_n or_o great_a conveniency_n to_o act_n outward_o we_o may_v without_o disparage_v our_o reason_n fall_v to_o act_v upon_o a_o probability_n the_o necessity_n oblige_v we_o to_o do_v so_o and_o the_o impossibility_n of_o perfect_a assurance_n acquit_v we_o of_o imprudence_n but_o of_o assent_v or_o of_o judge_v inward_o that_o a_o proposition_n be_v true_a or_o false_a there_o can_v be_v no_o necessity_n unless_o evidence_n force_v we_o to_o it_o in_o regard_n god_n goodness_n have_v furnish_v we_o with_o a_o faculty_n of_o suspend_v our_o judgement_n in_o such_o case_n lest_o we_o
mistahen_o in_o word_n of_o art_n 5._o even_o in_o term_n of_o art_n the_o thing_n be_v chief_o signify_v 6._o metaphysical_a word_n not_o unintelligible_a but_o most_o clear_n 7._o this_o three_o book_n concern_v word_n seem_v unnecessary_a 8._o whence_o j._n s._n be_v not_o much_o concern_v to_o reflect_v on_o it_o 9_o nature_n teach_v we_o to_o define_v by_o a_o genus_fw-la and_o a_o difference_n 10._o those_o who_o oppose_v this_o method_n must_v be_v force_v to_o use_v it_o 11._o the_o mind_n do_v not_o frame_v universal_a notion_n design_o but_o be_v force_v to_o it_o by_o nature_n 12._o nominal_a essence_n groundless_a and_o catachrestical_a 13._o aristotle_n definition_n of_o motion_n defend_v 14._o aristotle_n definition_n of_o light_n most_o proper_a 15._o the_o cartesian_a definition_n of_o motion_n faulty_a 16._o individuum_n under_o the_o same_o species_n differ_v essential_o 17._o whence_o we_o must_v take_v our_o measure_n of_o simple_a and_o compound_v notion_n 18._o the_o same_o rule_n hold_v in_o accident_n as_o well_o as_o in_o substance_n 19_o the_o idea_n or_o notion_n can_v never_o be_v in_o fault_n when_o we_o name_v thing_n wrong_v 20._o confuse_a notion_n may_v have_v more_o distinct_a one_o annex_v to_o their_o subject_n 21._o coofused_a notion_n do_v not_o exclude_v but_o include_v those_o distinct_a one_o which_o be_v yet_o undiscovered_a 22._o we_o must_v not_o judge_v which_o notion_n be_v simple_a which_o compound_v from_o clear_a or_o obscure_a appearance_n they_o make_v to_o our_o fancy_n but_o from_o the_o rule_n give_v above_o §_o 18_o 19_o §23_n show_v hence_o because_o those_o man_n conceit_n that_o metaphysical_a notion_n be_v obscure_a whereas_o they_o be_v evident_o the_o clear_a 24._o not_o the_o design_n of_o avoid_v different_a signification_n of_o word_n but_o plain_a nature_n force_v we_o to_o put_v real_a essence_n 25._o word_n be_v not_o ambiguous_a for_o want_v of_o settle_a standard_n in_o nature_n 26._o the_o thing_n signify_v be_v not_o to_o be_v blame_v for_o the_o abuse_n of_o word_n but_o their_o ambiguity_n ill_a contexture_n or_o misapplication_n 27._o imperfect_a knower_n agree_v in_o the_o thing_n and_o not_o in_o the_o name_n only_o 28._o the_o know_a thing_n by_o abstract_a notion_n promote_v and_o not_o hinder_v science_n 29._o by_o mr._n locke_n principle_n there_o be_v no_o way_n to_o remedy_v the_o abuse_n of_o word_n 30._o mr._n locke_n sentiment_n after_o all_o ambiguous_a reflection_n seventeen_o §1_n of_o the_o second_o operation_n of_o our_o understanding_n 2._o mr._n locke_n definition_n of_o knowledge_n in_o many_o respect_v faulty_a 3._o knowledge_n can_v consist_v in_o the_o connexion_n or_o disagreement_n of_o idea_n 4._o the_o true_a definition_n of_o knowledge_n 5._o our_o definition_n of_o knowledge_n far_o maintain_v 6._o hence_o there_o be_v but_o one_o sort_n of_o connexion_n in_o which_o knowledge_n consist_v viz._n that_o of_o coexistence_n 7._o the_o degree_n of_o our_o knowledge_n assign_v by_o mr._n locke_n very_o solid_a §8_n every_o step_v we_o take_v in_o demonstrative_a knowledge_n or_o every_o consequence_n must_v be_v ground_v on_o self-evidence_n 9_o the_o great_a usefulness_n of_o this_o last_o position_n 10._o scepticism_n and_o dogmatism_n be_v both_o of_o they_o high_o prejudicial_a to_o science_n 11._o we_o have_v sensitive_a knowledge_n of_o other_o notion_n beside_o existence_n 12._o only_o principle_n and_o demonstration_n and_o not_o experiment_n can_v give_v we_o any_o intelligible_a explication_n of_o natural_a quality_n 13._o short_a hint_n of_o the_o true_a aristotelian_a ground_n 14._o how_o all_o secondary_a quality_n come_v to_o be_v make_v 15._o the_o course_n of_o nature_n be_v fundamental_o build_v on_o on_o the_o admission_n of_o rarity_n and_o density_n 16._o that_o by_o these_o ground_n the_o nature_n of_o secondary_a quality_n be_v demonstrable_a 17._o the_o true_a reason_n why_o some_o man_n think_v they_o inexplicable_a 18._o the_o possibility_n of_o demonstrate_v they_o show_v by_o the_o instance_n of_o colour_n reflection_n eighteen_o §1_n the_o state_n of_o the_o question_n §2_n how_o we_o know_v the_o thing_n by_o mean_n of_o idea_n inexplicable_a 3._o the_o ideist_n must_v be_v force_v to_o grant_v that_o the_o thing_n know_v be_v in_o the_o mind_n 4._o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o thing_n be_v in_o our_o mind_n far_o enforce_v 5._o mathematical_a and_o moral_a knowledge_n be_v ground_v on_o the_o thing_n in_o the_o mind_n 6._o all_o essential_a predicate_v and_o accidental_a one_o too_o be_v true_o the_o thing_n and_o the_o whole_a thing_n imply_v confuse_o §_o 7._o that_o our_o complex_fw-la notion_n be_v regular_a and_o wellgrounded_n mr._n locke'_v not_o so_o 8._o in_o what_o manner_n we_o compound_v such_o notion_n 9_o all_o plea_n fail_v the_o ideist_n unless_o they_o perfect_o distinguish_v phantasm_n from_o notion_n 10._o odd_a miscarriage_n of_o nature_n ought_v not_o to_o shock_v natural_a principle_n the_o cartesian_o be_v conclude_v against_o by_o j._n s._n as_o well_o as_o other_o ideist_n or_o rather_o more_o 11._o all_o truth_n consist_v in_o join_v or_o separate_v partial_a conception_n of_o the_o thing_n and_o not_o in_o join_v or_o separate_a idea_n 12._o the_o distinction_n of_o truth_n into_o mental_a and_o verbal_a extravagant_a and_o the_o part_n of_o it_o co-incident_a reflection_n nineteen_o nineteen_o 1._o universal_a proposition_n in_o the_o mind_n be_v easy_o knowahle_n antecedent_o to_o word_n 2._o it_o be_v not_o necessary_a to_o know_v the_o precise_a bound_n and_o extent_n of_o the_o species_n 3._o unnecessary_a knowledge_n not_o to_o be_v covet_v nor_o the_o want_v of_o it_o complain_v of_o 4._o the_o nature_n and_o use_v of_o general_n maxim_n mistake_v by_o mr._n locke_n 5._o the_o term_n of_o general_a maxim_n clear_a than_o those_o of_o particular_a proposition_n 6._o such_o general_a maxim_n be_v never_o use_v to_o deduce_v conclusion_n from_o they_o but_o to_o reduce_v inferior_a truth_n to_o they_o 7._o the_o absolute_a necessity_n of_o first_o principle_n assert_v 8._o how_o other_o general_a maxim_n do_v govern_v all_o our_o action_n and_o say_n 9_o the_o discard_n general_a maxim_n destroy_v all_o science_n this_o error_n spring_v from_o man_n take_n wrong_a measure_n in_o judge_v what_o notion_n be_v clear_a and_o what_o confuse_a §_o 10._o that_o not_o general_a maxim_n but_o their_o abuse_n breed_v danger_n to_o science_n 11._o his_o instance_n that_o general_a maxim_n be_v fit_a to_o prove_v contradiction_n show_v he_o quite_o mistake_v the_o notion_n of_o body_n 12._o ideism_n be_v the_o genuine_a parent_n of_o enthusiasm_n in_o philosophy_n 13._o identical_a proposition_n not_o to_o be_v ridicule_v 14._o the_o right_a way_n how_o to_o use_v they_o and_o that_o mr._n lock_v himself_o do_v and_o must_v rely_v upon_o they_o 15._o neither_o idea_n nor_o name_n can_v be_v predicate_v or_o subject_a but_o the_o thing_n itself_o as_o conceive_v by_o we_o in_o whole_a or_o in_o part_n 16._o mr._n locke_n new_a instructive_a way_n be_v utter_o insignificant_a 17._o that_o the_o signification_n of_o word_n be_v the_o mean_v of_o they_o their_o mean_v be_v our_o notion_n and_o our_o notion_n be_v the_o thing_n reflection_n twensi_v §_o 1._o universals_z must_v relate_v to_o the_o existence_n they_o have_v in_o the_o mind_n 2._o to_o put_v any_o knowledge_n in_o brute_n be_v against_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n and_o implicatory_a 3._o mr._n locke_n confound_v material_a and_o spiritual_a nature_n 4._o mr._n locke_n principle_n confound_v humane_a and_o brutal_a nature_n 5._o to_o create_v be_v the_o peculiar_a effect_n of_o self-existence_n 6._o the_o thought_n can_v move_v the_o body_n and_o why_o §7_n the_o notion_n or_o nature_n of_o the_o deity_n be_v once_o settle_v to_o be_v self-existence_n all_o that_o can_v be_v say_v of_o it_o follow_v demonstrative_o 8._o we_o can_v know_v there_o be_v angel_n though_o they_o do_v not_o operate_v 〈◊〉_d we_o 9_o we_o know_v at_o first_o our_o own_o existence_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o we_o know_v the_o existence_n of_o other_o thing_n i_o e._n by_o sensation_n and_o not_o by_o intuition_n 10._o no_o improvement_n of_o science_n without_o some_o general_a principle_n mr._n locke_n principle_n examine_v 11._o mr._n locke_n main_a principle_n which_o be_v to_o ascertain_v all_o other_o principle_n inevident_a 12._o what_o thing_n hinder_v the_o advancement_n of_o science_n 13._o euclid_n and_o such_o other_o not_o unblamable_a for_o lay_v principle_n or_o general_a maxim_n reflection_n twenty_o first_o §1_n the_o point_n state_v §2_n mr._n locke_n confound_v outward_a action_n to_o which_o we_o may_v proceed_v upon_o a_o probability_n with_o inward_a assent_n to_o which_o we_o may_v not_o 3._o a_o strange_a character_n of_o our_o judge_a faculty_n 4._o that_o god_n have_v provide_v due_a motive_n of_o enjoin_v assent_n to_o all_o mankind_n if_o
reflect_v on_o it_o nature_n teach_v we_o to_o define_v by_o a_o genus_fw-la and_o a_o difference_n difference_n b._n 1._o l._n 3._o §_o 2._o those_o who_o oppose_v this_o method_n must_v be_v force_v to_o use_v it_o the_o mind_n do_v not_o frame_v universal_a notion_n design_o but_o as_o force_v to_o it_o by_o nature_n nominal_a essence_n groundless_a and_o catachrestical_a aristotle_n definition_n of_o motion_n defend_v defend_v see_v method_n to_o science_n b._n 1._o l._n 8._o §._o 2._o aristotle_n definition_n of_o light_n most_o proper_a the_o cartesian_a definition_n of_o motion_n faulty_a individuum_n under_o the_o same_o species_n differ_v essential_o essential_o b._n 1._o l._n 3._o §_o 11._o whence_o we_o must_v take_v our_o measure_n of_o simple_a and_o compound_v notion_n the_o same_o rule_n hold_v in_o accident_n as_o well_o as_o substance_n the_o idea_n or_o notion_n can_v never_o be_v in_o fault_n when_o we_o name_v thing_n wrong_v confuse_a notion_n may_v have_v more_o distinct_a one_o annex_v to_o their_o subject_n confuse_a notion_n do_v not_o exclude_v but_o include_v those_o distinct_a one_o which_o be_v yet_o undiscovered_a we_o must_v not_o judge_v which_o notion_n be_v simple_a which_o compound_v from_o the_o clear_a or_o obscure_a appearance_n they_o make_v to_o our_o fancy_n but_o from_o the_o râ—le_n give_v above_o §_o 18_o 19_o show_v hence_o because_o thâ—se_a man_n conceit_n that_o metaphysical_a notion_n be_v obscure_a whereas_o they_o be_v evident_o the_o clear_a not_o the_o design_n of_o avoid_v different_a signification_n of_o word_n but_o plain_a nature_n force_v we_o to_o â—put_fw-la real_a essence_n word_n be_v not_o ambiguous_a for_o want_v of_o settle_a standard_n in_o nature_n the_o thing_n signify_v be_v not_o to_o be_v blame_v for_o the_o abuse_n of_o word_n but_o their_o ambiguity_n ill_a contexture_n or_o mis-application_n imperfect_a knower_n agree_v in_o the_o thing_n and_o not_o in_o the_o name_n only_o the_o know_a thing_n by_o abstract_a notion_n promote_v and_o not_o hinder_v science_n by_o mr._n locke_n principle_n there_o be_v no_o way_n to_o remedy_v the_o abuse_n of_o word_n mr._n locke_n sentiment_n after_o all_o ambiguous_a of_o the_o second_o operation_n of_o our_o understanding_n mr._n l.'s_n definition_n of_o knowledge_n in_o many_o respect_v faulty_a knowledge_n can_v consist_v in_o the_o connexion_n or_o disagreement_n of_o idea_n the_o true_a definition_n of_o knowledge_n our_o definition_n of_o knowledge_n far_o maintain_v hence_o there_o be_v but_o one_o sort_n of_o connexion_n in_o which_o knowledge_n consist_v viz._n that_o of_o coexistence_n the_o degree_n of_o our_o knowledge_n assign_v by_o mr._n l._n very_o solid_a every_o step_v we_o take_v in_o demonstrative_a knowledge_n or_o every_o consequence_n must_v be_v ground_v on_o self-evidence_n the_o great_a usefulness_n of_o this_o last_o position_n scepticism_n and_o dogmatism_n be_v both_o of_o they_o high_o prejudicial_a to_o science_n we_o have_v sensitive_a knowledge_n of_o other_o notion_n beside_o existence_n only_o principle_n and_o demonstration_n and_o not_o experiment_n can_v give_v we_o any_o intelligible_a explication_n of_o natural_a quality_n short_a hint_n of_o the_o true_a aristotelian_a ground_n ground_n see_v method_n to_o science_n b._n 1._o l._n 3._o §_o §._o 1_o 2._o how_o all_o secondary_a quality_n come_v to_o be_v make_v the_o course_n of_o nature_n be_v fundamental_o build_v on_o the_o admission_n of_o ratity_n and_o density_n that_o by_o these_o ground_n the_o nature_n of_o secondary_a quality_n be_v demonstrable_a the_o true_a reason_n why_o some_o man_n think_v they_o inexplicable_a the_o possibility_n of_o demonstrate_v they_o show_v by_o the_o instance_n of_o colour_n the_o state_n of_o the_o question_n how_o we_o know_v the_o thing_n by_o mean_n of_o idea_n inexplicable_a the_o ideist_n must_v be_v force_v to_o grant_v that_o the_o thing_n know_v be_v in_o the_o mind_n the_o necessity_n of_o the_o thing_n be_v be_v in_o our_o mind_n far_o enforce_v mathematical_a and_o moral_a knowledge_n be_v ground_v on_o the_o thing_n in_o the_o mind_n all_o essential_a predicate_v and_o accidental_a one_o too_o be_v true_o the_o thing_n and_o the_o whole_a thing_n imply_v consuse_o that_o our_o complex_fw-la notion_n be_v regular_a and_o well_o ground_v mr._n l_n not_o so_o in_o what_o manner_n we_o compound_v such_o notion_n all_o plea_n fail_v the_o ideist_n unless_o they_o perfect_o distinguish_v phantasm_n from_o notion_n odd_a miscarriage_n of_o nature_n ought_v not_o to_o shock_v natural_a principle_n hence_o no_o vacuum_n the_o cartesian_o be_v conclude_v against_o by_o j._n s._n as_o well_o as_o other_o ideist_n or_o rather_o more_o all_o truth_n consist_v in_o join_v or_o separate_v partial_a conception_n of_o the_o thing_n and_o not_o in_o join_v or_o separate_a idea_n the_o distinction_n of_o truth_n into_o mental_a and_o verbal_a extravagant_a and_o the_o part_n of_o it_o coincident_a universal_a proposition_n in_o the_o mind_n be_v easy_o knowable_a antecedent_o to_o word_n it_o be_v not_o necessary_a to_o know_v the_o precise_a bound_n and_o extent_n of_o the_o species_n unnecessary_a knowledge_n not_o to_o be_v covet_v nor_o the_o want_n of_o it_o complain_v of_o the_o nature_n and_o use_v of_o general_n maxim_n mistake_v by_o mr._n locke_n the_o term_n of_o general_a maxim_n clear_a than_o those_o of_o particular_a proposition_n such_o general_a maxim_n be_v never_o use_v to_o deduce_v conclusion_n from_o they_o but_o to_o reduce_v inferior_a truth_n to_o they_o they_o book_n 3._o lesle_n 4._o the_o absolute_a necessity_n of_o first_o principle_n assert_v how_o other_o general_a maxim_n do_v govern_v all_o our_o action_n and_o say_n the_o discard_n general_a maxim_n destroy_v all_o science_n this_o error_n spring_v from_o man_n take_n wrong_a measure_n in_o judge_v what_o notion_n be_v clear_a what_o confuse_a that_o not_o general_a maxim_n but_o their_o abuse_n breed_v danger_n to_o science_n his_o instance_n that_o general_a maxim_n be_v fit_a to_o prove_v contradiction_n show_v he_o quite_o mistake_v the_o notion_n of_o body_n ideism_n be_v the_o genuine_a parent_n of_o enthusiasm_n in_o philosophy_n identical_a proposition_n not_o to_o be_v ridicule_v the_o right_a way_n how_o to_o use_v they_o and_o that_o mr._n lock_v himself_o do_v and_o must_v rely_v upon_o they_o see_v meth._n to_o science_n b._n a._n l._n 2._o §_o 18_o neither_o idea_n nor_o name_n can_v be_v predicate_v or_o subject_a but_o the_o thing_n itself_o as_o conceive_v by_o we_o in_o whole_a or_o in_o part_n mr._n l.'s_n new_a instructive_a way_n be_v utter_o insignificant_a that_o the_o signification_n of_o word_n be_v the_o mean_v of_o they_o their_o mean_v be_v our_o notion_n and_o our_o notion_n be_v the_o thing_n universals_z mnst_a relate_v to_o the_o existence_n they_o have_v in_o the_o mind_n to_o put_v any_o knowledge_n in_o brute_n be_v against_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n and_o implicatory_a mr._n l._n confound_v material_a and_o spiritual_a nature_n mr._n l_n principle_n confound_v human_a and_o brutal_a nature_n to_o create_v be_v the_o peculiar_a effect_n of_o self-existence_n the_o thought_n can_v move_v the_o body_n and_o why_o see_v method_n to_o science_n book_n 1_o lesle_n 5._o §._o 7._o the_o notion_n or_o nature_n of_o the_o deity_n be_v once_o settle_v to_o be_v self-existence_n all_o that_o can_v be_v say_v of_o it_o follow_v demonstrative_o we_o can_v know_v there_o be_v angel_n though_o they_o do_v not_o operate'on_v we_o we_o know_v at_o first_o our_o own_o existence_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o we_o know_v the_o existence_n of_o other_o thing_n i_o e._n by_o sensation_n and_o not_o by_o intuition_n see_v method_n to_o science_n book_n 1_o lesle_n 8._o §._o 7._o no_o improvement_n of_o science_n without_o foam_n general_n principle_n mr._n locke_n principle_n examine_v mr._n locke_n main_a principle_n which_o be_v to_o ascertain_v all_o other_o principle_n inevident_a what_o thing_n hinder_v the_o advancement_n of_o science_n euclid_n and_o such_o other_o not_o unblamable_a for_o lay_v principle_n or_o general_a maxim_n the_o point_n state_v mr._n l._n confound_v outward_a action_n to_o which_o we_o may_v proceed_v upon_o a_o probability_n with_o inward_a assent_n to_o which_o we_o may_v not_o a_o strange_a character_n of_o our_o judge_a faculty_n that_o god_n have_v provide_v due_a motive_n of_o enjoin_v assent_n to_o all_o mankind_n if_o they_o be_v not_o want_v to_o themselves_o themselves_o see_v method_n to_o science_n b._n 3._o l._n 8._o to_o assent_v upon_o a_o probability_n be_v against_o the_o common_a light_n of_o reason_n there_o can_v be_v in_o proper_a speech_n any_o degree_n of_o assent_n probable_a assent_n be_v nonsense_n or_o impertinent_a what_o kind_n of_o distinction_n be_v disallowable_a in_o disputation_n charity_n to_o sincere_a and_o weak_a misunderstander_n be_v a_o christian_a duty_n tradition_n build_v on_o mere_a hearsay_n have_v little_a or_o no_o force_n a_o more_o firm_a assent_n be_v due_a to_o point_n certain_o know_v to_o be_v reveal_v than_o to_o scientifical_a conclusion_n how_o syllogism_n come_v to_o be_v invent_v at_o first_o the_o true_a use_n and_o abuse_v of_o they_o objection_n against_o syllogistick_n argue_v clear_v syllogism_n be_v useful_a for_o demonstration_n syllogism_n be_v of_o no_o use_n in_o probable_a discourse_n other_o mistake_v about_o syllogism_n clear_v inference_n and_o consequence_n of_o word_n abstract_v from_o their_o sense_n be_v strange_o against_o all_o reason_n and_o preposterous_a what_o be_v due_a to_o reason_n what_o to_o divine_a revelation_n the_o first_o caution_n to_o be_v observe_v in_o order_n to_o this_o point_n the_o second_o caution_n to_o be_v use_v in_o this_o point_n reason_n be_v not_o to_o be_v rely_v on_o in_o thing_n beyond_o its_o sphere_n the_o notion_n of_o be_v true_a must_v be_v distinguish_v from_o the_o notion_n of_o may_n be_v true_a or_o may_v not_o be_v true_a therefore_o that_o no_o assent_n ought_v to_o be_v build_v on_o probable_a medium_n be_v demonstrable_a all_o error_n come_v by_o assent_v upon_o probability_n the_o tenet_n that_o we_o ought_v to_o assent_v upon_o probability_n be_v high_o prejudicial_a to_o piety_n and_o to_o best_a christian_a morality_n to_o apply_v ourselves_o to_o the_o right_a method_n to_o find_v out_o truth_n and_o science_n be_v the_o only_a antidote_n against_o error_n no_o possible_a way_n or_o certain_a standard_n to_o take_v the_o just_a measure_n of_o probability_n the_o certain_a rule_n not_o to_o be_v mislead_v by_o authority_n mr._n locke_n seem_v to_o take_v have_v for_o only_o probable_a which_o or_o the_o authority_n for_o they_o be_v demonstrable_a the_o member_n of_o mr._n locke_n division_n of_o science_n be_v partly_o co-incident_a partly_o not_o belong_v to_o science_n at_o all_o the_o connatural_a way_n how_o science_n be_v to_o be_v divide_v and_o subordinate_v some_o very_a useful_a corollary_n concern_v that_o subject_a