unwholesome to Breath in which is chiefly occasion'd from much Marish Ground and many Lakes wherewith this Country abounds The opposite Place of the Globe to Hungary is that part of the vast Pacifick Ocean between 218 and 233 Degrees of Longitude with 43 and 49 Degrees of South Latitude The Soil of this Country it lying in the 7th and 8th North Climate is very fruitful in Corn and Roots and various sorts of pleasant Fruit affording also excellent Pasturage and several of its Mountains produce some valuable Mines of Copper Iron Quicksilver Antimony and Salt Yea so noted is this Country for Mines that no less than Seven Remarkable Towns go by the Name of Mine Towns the Chief of which is Chremnuz whose Mine hath been wrought in about 900 Years The Length of the Days and Nights in Hungary is much the same as in the Southern Circles of Germany This being an Inland Country and thereby having no settl'd Trade with Foreign Parts we may reckon the Product of the Soil the Chief Commodities with which the Inhabitants deal with their Neighbours Here are many Natural Baths especially those at Buda which are reckon'd the noblest in Europe not only for their variety of Hot Springs but also the magnificency of their Buildings There are likeways two Hot Bagnio's near Transchin upon the Confines of Moravia and others at Schemnitz in Upper Hungary Besides which there are Waters in several Parts of this Country of a pettifying Nature and others that corrode Iron to such a degree that they 'll consume a Horse-shoe in twenty four Hours Near Esperies in Upper Hungary are two deadly Fountains whose Waters send forth such an infectious Steam that it kills either Beast or Bird approaching the same for the preventing of which they 're walled round and kept always cover'd Archbishopricks in this Country are those of Gran Colocza Bishopricks in this Country are those of Angria Quinque Ecclesiae Vesprin Neytracht Raab Great Waradin What Universities are establish'd in this Country since the retaking of it from the Infidels is uncertain The Hungarians more addicted to Mars than Minerva are generally lookt upon as good Soldiers being Men for the most part of a strong and well proportion'd Body valiant and daring in their Undertakings but reputed Cruel and Insulting when Conquerors The Hungarians have a peculiar Language of their own which hath little or no Affinity with those of the Neighbouring Nations save only the Sclavonic from which it hath borrow'd several Words and which is also spoken in some Parts of this Country as the German is in others Pater-Noster in the Hungarian Tongue runs thus My atyanc ki vagy az mennyekben szenteltessec mega te neved jojon el az te orszagod légven megâ te akaratod mint az menyben ugy itt ez foldonois az mimindennapi kenyirunket add meg nekunc ma es boczasd meg miné cunc az mi vet keinket miképpem miis megboczatunc azoknac az kic mi ellenunc vet keztenec es ne vigi minket az kisertetbe de szabadits meg minket az gonosztol Amen This Kingdom at present is Elective and being almost wholly recover'd from the Ottoman Slavery by the late successful Progress of the Imperial Arms is now dependent on the Jurisdiction of the Emperor who is stil'd King thereof The Assembly of the States consists of the Clergy Barons Noblemen and Free Cities who usually meet once every three Years which Assembly hath Power to elect a Palatin who by the Constitutions of the Realm ought to be a Native of Hungary and to him belongs the management of all Military Concerns as also the Administration of Justice in Affairs both Civil and Criminal See Germany The prevailing Religion in this Country is that of the Church of Rome especially since the late Conquests made by the Imperial Arms Next to it is the Doctrine of Luther and Calvin which is zealously maintain'd by great Multitudes of People and many of 'em are Persons of considerable Note Besides these are to be found most Sorts and Sects of Christians as also many Jews and Mahometans not a few This Kingdom receiv'd the Knowledge of the Blessed Gospel in the beginning of the Eleventh Century and that by the Industrious Preaching of Albert Archbishop of Prague §. 2. GREECE THIS Country formerly Graecia and Hellis is term'd by the Italians and Spaniards Grecia by the French la Grece by the Germans Griechenland and by the English Greece why so call'd is variously conjectur'd of all by our Modern Criticks but the most receiv'd Opinion is that the Name derives its Original from an Ancient Prince of that Country call'd Graecus The Air of this Country being generally Pure and Temperate is reckon'd by all to be very pleasant and healthful to â—â—eathe in The opposite Place of the Globe to Greece is that Part of the vast Pacifick Ocean between 225 and 232 Degrees of Longitude with 36 and 42 Degrees of South Latitude The Soil of this Country it lying under the 6th North Climate is not only very fit for Pasture there being much fertil Champaign Ground but also it affords good sloâ— of Grain where duly Manur'd and abounds with excellent 〈◊〉 and other delicious Fruits The longest Day in the Noâ—â— most part of Greece is about 15 Hours the shortest in the Southmost 9 Hours ½ and the Nights proportionably 〈…〉 Commodities of this Country are reckon'd 〈…〉 Oyl Turkey-Leather Coke Soap Honey Wax c. At 〈◊〉 a little Village on the South of M. 〈◊〉 now 〈◊〉 by the 〈◊〉 are some Inscriptions which â—vince it to have been the Ancient Delphi so famous all the World over for the Oracle of Apollo 2 On the aforesaid Mountain is a pleasant Spring which having several Marble Seeps descending â—o it and many Niches made in the Rock for Statues give 〈◊〉 to think that this was the renowned â—ons Castchue or Caballinus which inspir'd as People then imagin'd the Ancient Poets 3. In Livadia the Ancient Achaia is a hideous Cavern in a Hill which was very famous of old for the Oracles of Trophonius 4. Between the large Lake of Livadia and the Eubaean Sea whose shortest distance is four Miles are upwards of forty wonderful Subterraneous Passages hewen out of the firm Rock and that quite under a huge Mountain to let the Water have a Vent otherways the Lake being surrounded with Hills and constantly suppli'd by several Rivulets from these Hills would still overflow the Adjacent Country 5. On M. Oneius in the Isthmus of Corinth are the Remains of the Isthmian Theatre being the Place where the Isthmian Games were formerly celebrated 6. Here are also some Vestigia of that Wall built by the Lacedemonians from one Sea to the other for securing the Peninsula from the Incursions of the Enemy 7. Through most Parts of Greece are still extant the Ruins of many Heathen Temples especially that of the
Geography Anatomiz'd Or The Compleat Geographical Grammar Being a Short and Exact ANALYSIS Of the whole Body of Modern Geography after a New and Curious Method COMPREHENDING I. A General View of the Terraqueous Globe Being a Compendious System of the true Fundamentals of Geography Digested into various Definitions Problems Theorems and Paradoxes With a Transient Survey of the whole Surface of the Earthly Ball as it consists of Land and Water II. A Particular View of the Terraqueous Globe Being a clear and pleasant Prospect of all remarkable Countries upon the Face of the whole Earth Shewing their Situation Extent Division Subdivision Cities Chief Towns Name Air Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities Manners Language Government Arms Religion Collected from the best Authors and Illustrated with divers Maps The Second Edition much Improv'd and Enlarg'd By PAT GORDON M. A. And Fellow of the Royal Society Omne tulit punctum qui miscuit utile dulci. Hor. LONDON Printed for Robert Morden and Thomas Cockerill at the Atlas in Cornhill and in Amen-Corner 1699. THE Geographical Grammar IMPRIMATUR Liber cui Titulus Geography Anatomiz'd c. John Hoskyns V. P. R. S. TO The Right Honourable THOMAS Lord Viscount Deerhurst Eldest Son and Heir Apparent of The Right Honourable THOMAS Earl of COVENTRY THIS New Edition of the following Tract of MODERN GEOGRAPHY is with the profoundest Respect Dedicated by Your Lordship's Most Humbly Devoted Servant PAT GORDON THE PREFACE MY principal Design in publishing the following Treatise is to present the younger Sort of our Nobility and Gentry with a Compendious Pleasant and Methodical Tract of MODERN GEOGRAPHY that most useful Science which highly deserves their Regard in a peculiar manner If it be alledg'd That the World is already overstockt with Composures of this Nature I freely grant the Charge but withal I 'll be bold to say That there 's none as yet publisht which is not palpably faulty in one or more of these three respects Either they are too Voluminous and thereby fright the Young Student from so much as ever attempting that Study Or Secondly too Compendious and thereby give him only a bare Superficial Knowledge of Things Or finally Confus'd being writ without any due Order or Method and so confound him before he is aware But all these are carefully avoided in the following Treatise for in framing of it I 've industriously endeavour'd to make it observe a just Mean between the two Extreams of a large Volume and a narrow Compend And as to the Method in which it now appears the same is I presume so Plain and Natural that I may safely refer the tryal thereof to the Impartial Judgment of the Severest Critick To descend to Particulars The whole consists now of Two Parts whereof the first gives a General and the second a Particular View of the Terraqueous Globe Part I. In giving a General View of the said Globe I 've perform'd these five Things viz. 1. I 've illustrated by way either of a Definition Description or Derivation all those Terms that are any ways necessary for the right understanding of the aforesaid Globle as also the Analytical Tables of the following Treatise 2. I 've set down all those pleasant Problems performable by the Terrestrial Globe together with the manner of their performance 3. I 've subjoin'd divers plain Geographical Theorems or self-evident Truths clearly deducible from the foregoing Problems 4. I 've advanc'd some Paradoxical Positions in Matters of Geography which mainly depend on a thorough Knowledge of the Globe and are equally certain with the aforesaid Theorems though many of them may possibly appear to some as the greatest of Fables Lastly I 've taken a Transient Survey of the whole Surface of the Terraqueous Globe as it consists of Land and Water as its sole constituent Parts This is the Substance of the first Part and before I proceed to the Second I must here desire the Reader may be pleas'd to observe these two Things viz. 1. That in defining the various Geographical Terms mention'd Sect. I. I have not strictly ty'd my self to the Logical Rules of a Definition for if the Term propos'd be only explain'd that is all required here 2. In advancing those Geographical Paradoxes mention'd Sect. iv which will probably so startle the Reader at first being a meer Novelty in Tracts of this kind as that he can't readily comprehend either their Meaning or Design let him therefore be pleas'd to know that the main Drift of such an uncommon Essay is in short To whet the Appetite of our Geographical Student for a compleat Understanding of the Globe upon a thorough Knowledge of which these seeming Mysteries do mainly depend or more briefly 't is to set our young Student a thinking Although the Soul of Man is a cogitating Being and its Thoughts so nimble as to surround the Universe it self in a trice yet so unthoughtful and strangely immur'd in Sense is the generality of Persons that they need some startling Noise like a sudden Clap of Thunder to rouse and awake them Now as a strange and unheard-off Phenomenon suddenly appearing in the Natural World doth attract the Eyes of all Men and raiseth a Curiosity in some to enquire into the Reason of it even so is the Proposal of a Paradoxical Truth to the Intellectual for it immediately summons all the Powers of the Soul together and sets the Understanding a-work to search into and Scan the Matter To awaken the Mind of Man to its Natural Act of Thought and Consideration may be justly reckon'd no trivial Business if we consider that 't is to the want thereof or a stupid Inconsideration that we may chiefly impute all the Enormities of Mankind whether in Judgment or Practice If therefore those Paradoxes above-mention'd shall obtain the End propos'd the rousing of the Mind to think it matters the less if some of them upon strict enquiry should be found to consist of Equivocal Terms or perhaps prove little more than a Quibble at the Bottom Proceed we now to Part II. Giving a Particular View of the Terraqueous Globe By such a View I understand a clear and exact Prospect of all remarkable Countries and their Inhabitants on the Face of the whole Earth and that in these following Particulars viz. Their Situation Extent Division Subdivision Chief Towns Name Air Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities Manners Language Government Arms Religion What is said upon each of those Heads will best appear by the following Table Concerning Situation are briefly declar'd The Degr. of Long. between which any Country lies Latit Extent Its due Dimentions from E. to W. in English Miles S. to N. Division 2 Things viz. The general Parts or Classes to which any Country is reducible How those Parts or Classes are most readily found Subdivision 2 Things viz. The particular Provinces which any Country contains How those Provinces are most readily found Chief Towns 2 Things viz. The Modern Names
some Paradoxical Positions in Matters of Geography or a few infallible Truths in Masquerade which mainly depend upon a thorough Knowledge of the Globe and are equally certain with the aforesaid Theorems though many of them may possibly appear to some as the greatest of Fables Lastly We shall take a Transient Survey of the whole Surface of the Terraqueous Globe as it consists of Land and Water as its sole constituent Parts Of these five General Heads separately and in their order Therefore SECT I. Containing some necessary Geographical Definitions Def. 1. GEography a Science both pleasant and profitable doth mainly consist in giving a true Description of the exterior Part or Surface of the Earthly Globe as 't is compos'd of Land and Water especially the former That Geography doth merit the Title of Science in several Respects and that the knowledge thereof is attended both with Pleasure and Profit is so universally granted by all who make any considerable Progress therein that to enter upon a Probation of it would be every whit as superfluous as if one should go about to evince that the Sun is risen at Noon-day It derives its compound Name from the two Greek Primitives of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Terra and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 scribo vel describo and differeth from Cosmography quasi 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 vel 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. e. Mundi Descriptio as a part doth from the whole as also from Chorography and Topography quasi 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. e. Regionis ac Loci Descriptio as the Whole from its Parts By a true Description of the Exterior Part of the Globe of the Earth we understand purely an Account of the Situation Extent Divisions and Subdivisions of all remarkable Countries on the Surface of the said Globe together with the Names of their Cities and Chief Towns and that accordingly as those Countries are already projected to our Hands upon particular Geographical Maps and not an actual Survey or Mensuration of them which the Science of Geography presupposeth and which properly belongs to Geodaesia or the Art of Surveying Land In giving such a Description of Countries as aforesaid doth the Science of Geography properly consist as for other Narratives relating either to Countries themselves or their Inhabitants and which commonly swell up Geographical Tracts we reckon them though the more pleasant part of this Study rather the Fringes of Geography than its real or essential Parts In the foregoing Definition we intirely restrict the Science of Geography to the exterior Part or Surface of the Earthly Globe and that as it 's compos'd of Land and Water as its sole constituent Parts designing thereby to distinguish it from Natural Philosophy which in its curious and pleasant Enquiries reacheth not only the said Surface in all its constituent Parts but also the whole Globe of the Earth with the whole Body of the Atmosphere surrounding the same yea and even the outmost imaginable Expanse of the Firmament it self We again restrict that Science mainly to one Part of the aforesaid Surface viz. the Dry Land thereby to distinguish it from Hydrography which particularly treateth of the other namely Water The Object therefore of Geography in a large Sense is the whole Surface of the Ball of the Earth consisting of Land and Water as its sole constituent Parts or in a strict and more proper Sense only One of those Parts to wit the Firm Land For the more distinctly viewing of which Parts and the better comprehending of the Science of Modern Geography in the true Fundamentals thereof we shall begin with that Artificial Representation of the Earthly Ball commonly call'd the Terraqueous Globe Def. 2. The Terraqueous Globe is an Artificial Spherical Body on whose Convex Part is truly represented the whole Surface of the Ball of the Earth as it consists of Land and Water That this Globe is term'd Terraqueous from Terra and Aqua the two constituent Parts of its Surface or Terrestrial to distinguish it from the Coelestial or finally the Artificial Globe as a differencing Mark from the Natural or Real Globe of the Earth are all so notoriously known that the least Illustration were wholly superfluous We reckon it also superfluous to show that there is a true Resemblance in Figure between the Artificial and Natural Globe or that the Body of the Earth is truly Spherical This being now beyond all dispute and never at least very rarely call'd in question except it be only by Women and Children But here note That in the following Treatise we intirely restrict our selves to this Globe so that wheresoever the Name of Globe is indefinitely mention'd we are never to understand the Coelestial Note also that wheresoever we are upon the Surface of the Natural Globe that the Point in the Heavens exactly Vertical to us is term'd our Zenith and that Point diametrically opposite thereto is stil'd our Nadir which are two corrupted Arabian Terms in Astronomy importing what is here asserted of them The first observables that present themselves to our view in treating of the Globe are its Axis and Poles Def. 3. The Axis is an imaginary Line passing through the Center of the real Globe of the Earth upon which the whole Frame thereof is supposed to turn round It s term'd Axis from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 quod circa illam agatur Terra As this Axis in the Natural Globe is an imaginary Line so in Artificial Globes its a real one it being a streight piece of Iron or solid Wood passing through the middle of the Globe as the Axle-tree of a Wheel Def. 4. The Poles are the two Extremities of the Axis one whereof is term'd the North or Arctick and the other the South or Antarctick They are call'd Poles from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 verto because upon them the whole Frame of the Globe turneth round The North is term'd Arctick from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 signifying a Bear because the real North Pole in the Heavens is commonly taken for a certain noted Star in that Constellation which bears the Name of the Little Bear And the South is stil'd Antarctick from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 contra and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Ursa because of its Diametrical Opposition to the other The Terraqueous Globe being a Spherical Body as aforesaid turning round upon its own Axis For the better understanding of that Globe in all its exterior Parts and the various Operations perform'd by the same we are to conceive it not only as a bare Spherical Body but also as such a Body surrounded with many imaginary Circles the chief of which are Eight divided into Five Parallel viz. The Equator The two Tropicks The two Polar Circles Three not Parallel viz. The Horizon The Meridian The Zodiack Otherwise divided into Four Greater viz. The Horizon The Meridian The Equator The Zodiack Four Lesser viz. The two Tropicks The two Polar Circles Def. 5. The Horizon is that great Circle which
demonstrated by the Terrestrial Globe That it is not above Twenty four hours Sailing from the River of Thames in England to the City of Messina in Sicily at a certain time of the Year providing there be a brisk North Wind a light Frigat and an Azimuth Compass These are the chief Paradoxical Positions in matters of Geography which mainly depend on a thorough Knowledge of the Globe and though it is highly probable that they 'll appear to some as the greatest of Fables yet we may boldly affirm That they 're not only equally certain with the aforesaid Theorems but also we are well-assur'd that there 's no Mathematical Demonstration of Euclid more infallibly true in its self than is every one of them However we think it not fit to pull off the Vizor or expose those masked Truths to publick View since to endeavour the unmasking of them may prove a private Diversion both pleasant and profitable to the Ingenious Reader at his more vacant Hours we hastning in the mean time to the last Thing propos'd viz. SECT V. Concerning Land and Water THE Surface of the Terraqueous Globe to which we intirely restrict our selves both here and in the following Part of this Treatise being always considered by Geographers as a Supersicies compos'd of Land and Water as its sole constituent Parts and these Parts being subdivided page 13. as followeth viz. Land into Continents Isthmus Islands Promontories Peninsula's Mountains Water into Oceans Straits Seas Lakes Gulfs Rivers Of all these separately and in their Order Therefore §. 1. Of CONTINENTS Commonly reckon'd Four viz. those of Europe Africa Asia America Europe North Scandinavia found from W. to E. Muscovia or Russia Middle France found from W. to E. Germany Poland South Spain found from W. to E. Italy Turky in Europe Asia North comprehending the vast Body of Tartary South China found from E. to W. India Persia Turky in Asia Africa Egypt found from N. to S. Barbary Bildulgerid Zaara or the Desert Land of the Negroes Guinea Nubia Ethiopia Interior Exterior America North Mexico or New Spain from S. to N. New Mexico or Nova Granada Florida Terra Canadensis Terra Arctica South Terra Firma from N. to S. Peru Land of the Amazons Brasil Chyli Paraguay Terra Magellanica Terra Antarctica §. 2. Of ISLANDS They belong either to Europe Africa Asia America Europe The Scandinavian Islands Lying in the N. and Baltick-Sea The Island of Ice-land W. of Scandinavia The Britannick Islands N. of France The Azores W. of Spain The Mediterranean Islands S. of Europe Asia The Japan Islands E. of China The Philippin S. W. of Japan The Isles des Larrons E. of the Philippin The Moloccoes S. of the Philippin The Islands of the Sund W. of the Moluccoes Ceylon and the Maldives W. of the Isles of Sund. Africa more Remarkable Madagascar E. of Ethiopia The Isles of Cape Verde W. of Negroland The Canary Islands W. of Bildulgerid The Madera W. of Barbary Less Remarkable The Isles of Comore N. W. of Madagascar St. Thomas's Island W. of Ethiopia Lat. 00 The Princess Island W. of Ethiopia Lat. 3. St. Helena S. W. of St. Thomas Isle of Ascention N. E. of St. Helena America North are California W. of Nova Granada Newfoundland E. of Terra Canadensis Middle are the Antilles Greater Cuba E. of New Spain Jamaica Hispaniola Port-rito Lesser Caribees S. E. of the greater Antilles Lucayes S. E. of Florida Sotovento N. of Terra Firma Bermudas E. of Florida South is Terra del Fuogo S. of Terra Magellanica §. 3. Of PENINSULA's Europe Juitland adjacent to Germany Morea Greece Taurica Chersonesus Little Tartary Asia Peninsula Indiae intra Gangem the Continent of Asia extra Gangem the Continent Mallaca or Chersonese d'or Peninsula Indiae intra Gangem In Africa is none but Africa it self the W. of Asia America Mexico or North America South America Peru or South America North §. 4. Of ISTHMUS In Europe are the Isthmus of Corinth joining Morea to Greece Taurica Chersonesus Taurica Chersonesus to Little Tartary In Asia is the Isthmus of Malacca Malacca to Penins Indiae intra Gangem In Africa is the Isthmus of Swez Africa to Asia In America is the Isthmus of Panama Mexico and Peru. §. 5. Of PROMONTORIES or CAPES In Europe Cape Nord Extending from The Northmost part of Norway Cape la Hogue The N. of France The Lands-End The S. W. of England The Lizard The S. The Start The S. Cape de Finisterra The W. of Spain Cape de Rocca The W. Cape St. Vincent The W. Asia Cape Ningpo The E. of China Cape Comorin Penins Indiae inter Gangem Cape Razalgate S. E. part of Arabia Africa Cape Spartel The W. of Barbary Cape Verde The W. of Negroeland Cape of Good Hope The S. of Ethiopia exterior Cape of Guardifeu The N. E. part of Ethiopia exterior America Cape de Florida The S. of Florida Cape de Coriente The W. of New Spain Cape Froward The S. of Terra Magellanica Cape Hoorn The S. of Terra del Fuogo Cape de S. Augustine The E. of Brasil §. 6. Of MOUNTAINS Remarkable Mountains in Europe The Dolfrine Hills To be seen Between Sweden and Norway Boglowy In the Souther part of Moscovia Hyperborean Mountains In the Norther part The Sevennes In the South part of France Auvergne The Vauge In Lorraine Fitshtelberge In circulating Bohemia Schwartzwaldin In the S. of Germany viz. Suabia The Carpathean Mount In the South parts of Poland The Pyrenaean Hills Between Spain and France The Alps Between Italy and France Germany The Appenine Hills Dividing Italy into East West Vesuvius à Vulcano In the Kingdom of Naples Balkan In the N. of Macedon The Holy Mount In the E. of Macedon Lacha Between Thessaly and Macedon The Grampion Hills In Scotland viz. S. of the River Dee The Cheviot Hills Between Scotland and England Malvern Hills In England viz. Worcestershire The Peake In England viz. Darbyshire Snowdon In Wales viz. Carnarvenshire Plinlimmon In Wales viz. Cardiganshire Knock Patrick In Ireland viz. in the C. Limerick Stromboli à Vulcano In a little Island W. of Naples Aetna à Vulcano In the Island of Sicily Remarkable Mountains in Asia Imaus To be seen In Tartary Caucasus Between Tartary Mogul's Empire Sardonix On the N. of Penin intra Gangem Guaco In Peninsula Indiae intra Gangem Taurus reaching from E. to W. of all Asia Adam's Pike In the Island of Ceylon Africa Montes Lybici Between Zaara and Egypt Atlas In the W. of Barbary Bildulgerid Basili In the N. of the Abyssine Empire Amara Under the Eq. in the same Empire Montes Lunae Between Abyssine Empire Monomotapa Tenerife In the Island of Tenerife America The Apalachin Hills Between Florida Terra Canadensis The Andes In S. America running from S. to N §. 7. Of OCEANS Europ The Hyperborean Ocean Enclosing Europe in the North. The vast Western West Asia Tartarean Ocean Asia on the North. China East Indian South
Regiments of Horse and 〈◊〉 of Foot always in â—â—â—diness upon a call The Laws by which this Island are govern'd except some By-Acts which immediately concern the Plantation are the same with those of England The Island bâ—ing divided into four Circuits in each of them is establish'd an Inferior Court of Judicatory for hearing all manner of Civil Causes From which Courts Appeals may be made to the Supreme Court and for due Administration of Justice in Criminal Matters here are yearly held five Sessions When there appears a real Necessity of making new Laws which must never contradict those of England or abrogating old ones the Governor calls an Assembly for that end This Assembly resembles in some manner our English Parliament for the Governor being reckon'd Supreme those of his Council are as so many Peers and two Burgesses chosen out of each Parish represent the Body of the People The English here residing make Profession of the same Religion with that generally own'd and by Law establish'd in England As for the Negroe-Slaves their Lot hath hitherto been and still is to serve such Christian Masters who sufficiently declare what Zeal they have for their Conversion by unkindly using a Serious Divine some time ago when only proposing to endeavour the same §. 8. The Lucayes THE Lucayes so call'd from Lucayone the biggest of 'em all are those several Islands lying North of Cuba and Hispaniola They belong mostly to the Spaniards and the chief of them Are those of Bahama Extended from the E. of Tegesta in Florida to the N. of Hispaniola Lucayone aliter New Providence Cignateo Eleutheria Guanahani St. Salvador Yuma Samana Maiaguana Of these Islands Bahama may be reckon'd the most remarkable and that chiefly for the famous rapid Channel between that Island and the Main through which the Spanish Fleets usually pass in their return from Mexico to Europe A Passage equally fatal to the Spaniard as fortunate to the English Fatal to the former for some dreadful Shipwracks sustain'd therein and fortunate to the latter for vast quantities of Plate recover'd by skilful Divers This Island is also observable for several uncommon Insects found upon it particularly the Bahama-Spider already mention'd Pags 341. § 9. The Sotovento THE Sotovento Islands are those lying along the Northern Coast of Terra Firma They belong mostly to the Spaniards and receiv'd the Title Sotovento quasi sub vento from them because they appear to the Leeward of their Fleet coming down before the Wind to enter the Gulf of Mexico The chief of such Islands Are those of Trinidada Found from E. to W. Margarita Tortuga Orchilla Rocca Bonayrc Curacao Oruba Trinidada term'd by the Natives Samsonate is observable for being a noted place of Bartery between the Inhabitants of New Spain and those of Peru. And Margarita is much frequented upon the account of Pearl Fishery from whence it derives its Name The rest are not of any great moment § 10 Bermudas THIS little Cluster of Islands lying about five hundred Leagues East of Florida is term'd by the Italians Bermuda by the French Bermudes by the Spaniards Germans and English Bermudas So call'd from one John Bermudas a Spaniard who made the first Discovery of them They are otherways term'd the Summer Islands from S r. George Summers an Englishman who suffer'd Shipwrack near to them Anno 1609. The Air of these Islands is reckon'd extraordinary healthful to breath in the Sky being almost always Serene and Smiling But when overcast at any time then they 're sure of a terrible Tempest attended with frightful Claps of Thunder and Flashes of Lightning So healthful are these Islands to breath in that their Inhabitants now in number about four or five thousand are seldom visited with Sickness and generally arrive to a good old Age. The opposite Place of the Globe to Bermudas is that part of the vast East-Indian Ocean lying between 134 and 138 Degrees of Longitude with 32 and 35 Degrees of South Latitude The Soil of these Islands is extraordinary fertil yielding the Labourer two Crops every Year which they commonly reap in the Months of July and December Of so rich a Mould is the Arable Ground in this Island that it affords neither Sand Flints Peebles nor Stones so hard as are fit to grind Knives They are well furnisht with variety of Fruits Roots Fish and Fowl together with great store of Hogs and excellent sweet-scented Cedar The length of the Days and Nights in Bermudas is the same as in the Northmost Parts of Florida they both lying under the same Parallels of Latitude The chief Commodities of these Islands are Oranges Cochineel Tobacco Cedar-Wood some Pearls and Amber-Gris in considerable quantity c. Observable are these Islands for nourishing no venemous Creature none such being found upon them nor able to live if brought thither Here indeed are many Spiders but those no ways poisonous and very remarkable for their Webs having the resemblance of Raw-Silk and woven so strong that little Birds are sometimes entangled in them 2. If Wells are dug in Bermudas above the Surface of the surrounding Ocean the Water is sweet and fresh but lower then salt or breckish and all of them have some sensible Flux and Reflux with the Sea 3. Upon the Coast of these Islands is sometimes taken that remarkable Fish term'd the File-Fish being so call'd from a part of his Back-Bone which hath the exact resemblance of a File Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities None The Inhabitants of these Islands being English are much the same in Manners and Way of living with those here in England What was said of the Inhabitants of Bermudas in respect of Manners the same may be affirm'd of them in Point of Language These Islands being wholly subject and of right belonging to the Crown of England are rul'd by a particular Governor appointed and sent thither by the King of England The Religion here establisht and publickly profess'd is the Protestant according to the Reformation of the Church of England §. 11. Terra del Fuogo THIS is a large Triangular Island or as some think several lying on the South part of America and separated from the main Continent by the Streights of Magellan It 's call'd by the Name of Terra del Fuogo because it seems the first Discoverers thereof did observe some considerable Vulcano's upon it Out Knowledge of this Island and its Inhabitants is at best but very uncertain almost every new Adventurer in these Parts of the World giving us a new Relation of Things Whosoever therefore desires a certain or satisfactory Account must defer his Enquiry to the better Discovery of After-times And so much for America and its Islands AN APPENDIX Comprehending A brief Account of the European Plantations in Asia Africk and America As also some Reasonable Proposals for the Propagation of the Blessed Gospel in all Pagan Countries IN running over the
all Countries of the World it may sufficiently appear in general That the Christian Religion is of a very small Extent if exactly compar'd with those many and vast Countries wholly overspread with gross Idolaters numerous Mahometans and many others who either know not or at least own not the Blessed Messias But more particularly this great and sad Truth may farther appear by the following Calculation ingeniously made by some who dividing the inhabited World into thirty Parts do find that Nineteen of them are possessed by Blind and gross Idolaters Six Jews Turks and Saracens Two Those of the Greek Church Three Those of the Church of Rome Protestant Communion Thus Christianity taken in its largest Latitude bears no greater Proportion to the other grosly false Religions than five to twenty five This melancholy Consideration doth force me to bewail that woful neglect of the best Part of the Christian Church for not being so diligent as others are in endeavouring to abolish Heathenish Idolatry and that most lamentable Ignorance which as yet overshadoweth so great a Part of the inhabited World It 's undoubtedly well known that the effectual performance of such a Work as this would require no inconsiderable Stock of Money it being now impracticable to make Solemn Missions or qualify Men for them without considerable Charges and yet a sufficient Fund might be so easily rais'd that none could reasonably complain of the burden should the following Proposals be so happily made as to meet with a due Reception Did every Freeholder of the Three Kingdoms advance only for one Year the Five hundredth part of his yearly Incomes Did those Merchants of this great City who are particularly concern'd in our Foreign Plantations and daily imploy great multitudes of Pagan Slaves in their Service allow the Two hundreth part of one years Gain And finally did the Clergy of the Three Kingdoms whose Zeal in such a Matter would probably transcend others appropriate to this pious Use One hundredth part of their yearly Revenues I say did Priest and People thus unanimously combine together in carrying on this most Christian Design what an easy matter were it in a short time to raise such a Fund of Money that the Annual Interest thereof might sufficiently serve to send Yearly some Pious and Able Divines into all Quarters of the World And since Rational Methods might be taken to have several Pagan Tongues taught in our own Island a considerable part of the aforesaid Money might be likewise imploy'd to Educate a competent number of young Students of Theology in these Foreign Languages which number being still continued would serve as a choice Nursery to afford a constant Supply of able Men who might yearly go abroad and be sufficiently qualified at their first arrival to undertake that great Work for which they were sent But since the latter Part of the foregoing Proposal which imports that Europeans might learn some of the present Indian Languages doth seem impracticable to several by reason of the prodigious multitude of those Pagan Tongues and their vast variety of quite different Dialects Then we may follow the Example of the Ancient Romans whose Custom and Interest it was to extend their own Language with their Conquests and so extinguish in process of time the very Dialect of the Conquered Did we this in all Parts of our Western Empire which without doubt might be fully accomplisht in a few Generations by duly encouraging some hundreds of Christians to endeavour in the most alluring manner to instruct the younger sort of the Natives in the English Tongue Then in the next or following Age might we Address our selves to those blind Gentiles in our own Language and so instilling in them by degrees the Principles of Christianity might thereby in a short time bring in many thousands of Souls to the Sheepfold of the Pastor and Bishop of our Souls I think it needless to express how commendable such a Design would be in it self and how desirable the Promotion thereof should be to all who stile themselves Christians of what Party or Profession soever they are And I humbly suppose it might be a Work if unanimously minded by Christians more becoming the Followers of the Prince of Peace than to be Abettors of the frequent Jars and Broils of Christendom Besides there 's certainly nothing that could prove more beneficial to the Publick Good of this Nation and Particular Interest of the Crown of England for did most or many of the Natives understand and speak our own Language then might we not thereby more exactly discover the Inland Parts of these Countries and with greater security improve them to the greatest Advantage Might we not thereby make multitudes of idle wandring Indians very useful to our English Colonies and then chiefly imploy Europeans for the Guard and Safety of the Country Yea did many of the Natives but tollerably understand and speak the English Tongue then might we not in all human appearance Civilize them intirely in a short time and so add many thousands of new English Subjects to the English Empire All which are morally impossible now to be done since the numerous Dialects of their barbarous Jargon together with their own Barbarity are as so many Bars against such Undertakings Great Sirs Pardon these Proposals here offer'd to the serious Consideration of those whom they chiefly concern and give me leave to declare unto you how infinitely it would tend to the Glory of God the Good of his Church and Honour of our Nation did we sincerely endeavour to extend the Limits of our Saviour's Kingdom with those of our new Dominions and to spread the true Reform'd Religion as far as the English Sails have done for Traffick With what Anxiety of Mind and Fatigue of Body do we pierce into the remotest Countries of the World And all to heap up a little White and Yellow Earth or to purchase some things call'd Precious by Man which abstracting Human Fancy do differ nothing from common Pibble Stones and yet what a supine neglect doth attend us in doing that which would bring more Honour to our Holy Religion and prove at last more profitable to our selves than the actual Possession of all the Treasures in the Universe What a lamentable thing is it That those very Indians who border upon the English Pale not to mention some thousands of Negroes who slave in our Service should still continue in most wretched Ignorance and in stead of Knowing and Worshipping the True God should as yet reverence not only Stocks and Stones but also adore the Devil himself Christians Shall we covet and thirst after their Talents of Gold and yet keep hid in a Napkin that Talent entrusted to us Shall we greedily bereave them of their Precious Pearls and not declare unto them the Knowledge of the Pearl of Price No! no! Let us not act as others have done in making Gold our God and Gain the sole design of our Trading But let us effectually
improve those choice Opportunities now in our hands for the singular Glory of our Great God and of Jesus Christ our Blessed Redeemer And let our Planters duly consider That to extirpate Natives is rather a supplanting than planting a new Colony and that it 's far more honourable to overcome Paganism in one than to destroy a thousand Pagans Each Convert is a Conquest FINIS CORRIGENDA PAge 50. line 15. for Lancashire read Westmorland p. 70. l. 1. r. Escutcheon p. 74. l. 2. dele § 2. p. 77. l. 7. r. Dominions p. 111. l. 31. r. Religion p. 112. l. 7. r. Buc. p. 116. l. 36. r. Mount p. 120. l. 21. r. Salizburg p. 127. l. 13. r. Cujavia p. 143. l. 16. r. strip him p. 153. l. 37. r. Agrippina p. 176. l. 11. r. He proceedeth p. 192. l. 34. r. Kinross p. 206. l. 15 22. r. Villages p. 235. l. 32. r. very p. 265. l. 40. r. Tapestry p. 292. l. 7. r. Thirteen p. 330. l. 24. r. Archbishoprick Wheresoever the word its importing the Verb Est is found read it either at length it is or contractedly thus it 's or 't is as p. 3. l. 37. f. it s term'd r. it 's or 't is or it is term'd and so in other places To the BOOK-BINDER Place the Maps in Order following The Map of The World Page 1 Europe 59 Scandinavia or Sweden and Norway 61 Moscovia 73 France 79 Germany 95 Poland 125 Spain 133 Italy 145 Turky in Europe 165 Scotland 187 England 197 Ireland 211 Asia 237 Africa 293 America 333 BOOKS Printed for Thomas Cockerill in Amen Corner THE Works of Mr. Charnock In Two Volumes Folio Re-printing Geography Rectified Or a Description of the World in all its Kingdoms Countries Islands Cities Towns Seas Rivers Bays Capes Ports Their Ancient and Present Names Inhabitants Situations Histories Customs and Governments c. As also their Commodities Coins Weights and Measures compared with those of London Illustrated with Seventy eight Maps The whole Work performed to the more accurate Observations and Discoveries of Modern Authors By Robert Morden Quarto Sermons preached on Several Occasions The Third Volume By John Conant D. D. Published by John Lord Bishop of Chichester A Funeral Sermon occasioned by the Death of the Lady Lane late Wife of the Right Worshipful Sir Thomas Lane Kt. and Alderman of the City of London who died November 29. 1698. And of John Lane late Father of the said Sir Thomas Lane who died the 8th of December following Published at the Request of the Relations By Nathanael Taylor Quarto Familiaria Colloquia Opera Christopheri Helvici D. c. Professoris Giessensis Olim Ex. Erasmo Roterodamo Ludovici Vive c. Scottano Hasso Selecta Editio Decima quarta ad pristiva Exemplaria Denuo Recognita English Exercises for School-Boys to Translate into Latin Comprizing all the Rules of Grammar and other necessary Observations ascending gradually from the meanest to higher Capacities By J. Garretson School-Master The Seventh Edition Twelves The School of Manners or Rules for Childrens Behaviour By the Author of the English Exercises The Second Edition A Practical Grammar or the easiest and shortest way to initiate Young Children in the Latin Tongue By the help whereof a Child of Seven Years old may learn more of the Grounds of that Language in three Months than is ordinarily learnt in a Years space by those of greater Age in common Grammar-Schools Published for the Use of such as love not to be tedious To which is added Tables of Mr. Walker's Particles By the Assistance whereof young Scholars may be the better enabled to peruse that most Excellent and Useful Treatise By J. Philamoth Master of a Free-School The Second Edition Memoirs of the Countess Dunois Author of the Lady's Travels into Spain Written by her self before her Retirement By way of Answer to Monsieur St. Evremont Containing withal a Modest Vindication of the Female Sex more frequently injured by Imprudence and Misconstruction than defect of Virtue Made English from the Original a Prob. 2. a Prob. 2. b Prob. 6. a Prob. 2. b Prob. 6. a Prob. 3. a Prob. 3. a Prob. 3. b Prob. 2. a Prob. 2. b Prob. 6. a Prob. 2. b Prob. 6. a Prob. 2. a Prob. 2. b Prob. 6. a Prob. 6. a Prob. 2. a Prob. 6. b Prob. 7. a Prob. 23. a Prob. 24. a Prob. 25. a Prob. 2. b Prob. 6. a Prob. 2. b Prob. 6. a Prob. 2. b Prob. 31. a Prob. 2. b Prob. 6. c Prob. 29 31. a Prob 6. b Prob. 37. a Prob. 38. b Prob. 2. a Prob. 2. b Prob. 6. a Prob. 6. b Prob. 38. c Prob. 9. Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. 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