Selected quad for the lemma: knowledge_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
knowledge_n	believe_v	faith_n	implicit_a	1,688	5	13.6300	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A19628	Mikrokosmographia a description of the body of man. Together vvith the controuersies thereto belonging. Collected and translated out of all the best authors of anatomy, especially out of Gasper Bauhinus and Andreas Laurentius. By Helkiah Crooke Doctor of Physicke, physitian to His Maiestie, and his Highnesse professor in anatomy and chyrurgerie. Published by the Kings Maiesties especiall direction and warrant according to the first integrity, as it was originally written by the author.	Crooke, Helkiah, 1576-1635.; Bauhin, Caspar, 1560-1624. De corporis humani fabrica.; Du Laurens, André, 1558-1609. Historia anatomica humani corporis.	1615 (1615)	STC 6062; ESTC S107278	1,591,635	874

action of the similar parts is common not proper Galen maketh foure orders of organs or instruments the first is such as are most simple which consist onely of similars as Foure orders of Organs the muscles The second are those that are composed of the first as fingers The third are such as are made of the second as the hand The fourth are such as are made of the third In a perfect Organ there are 4. kinds of parts as the arme Againe in euery perfect organ we may obserue foure kindes of parts The first is of those by which the action is originally performed where these are there is also the faculty and therefore they are said to bee the principall parts of the organ such is the Christalline humor in the eye for it onely is altered by colours and receiueth the images of visible things The second kind is of those without which the action is not performed and these doe not respect the action primarily and of themselues but the necessity of the Perse. action such are in the eye the opticke nerue the glassie humour and the albuginious which is like the white of an egge The third kinde is of those by which the action is better performed and these respect the perfection of the action and therefore are called Helpers such are in the eye the coates and the muskles which moue and turne the eyes with a wonderfull volubility The last kinde is of those parts which doe conserue or preserue the action these are the causes that all the rest do worke safely they respect the action not as it is an action simply but as it is to continue and indure such in the eyes are the browes lids and orbe of the eye and this is the nature of dissimilar and organicall parts But that we might not passe ouer anything wee will adde this one for a complement that Another diulsion of dissimilar parts of dissimilar parts some are such by the first institution of nature as the hands and the feet from which if you take all the similar parts you shall reduce them into nothing others are dissimilar secondarily because of the implications and textures of veines arteries and sinewes in them as the Heart the Braine and the Liuer for if you take from the Braine the common similar parts yet there will remaine the proper substance of the Braine The other differencies of the parts are vnfoulded CHAP. XXI THere are also other differences of parts not so necessary for a Chirurgion to know which notwithstanding because we would leaue nothing behinde vs we will briefly declare Galen in his Booke de arteparua maketh foure differences Galen maketh 4. differences of parts of parts some parts are principall as the Brayne the Heart the Liuer and the Testicles Some doe arise from these principal and minister vnto them as nerues veines arteries and seede vessels some neither gouerne others nor are gouerned of others but haue only in-bred faculties as bones gristles ligaments membranes Finally some parts haue vertues both in-bred and influent as the organs of sence and motion The Arabians gather the diuisions of parts from the substance the Temper How the Arabians distinguish he parts those things which follow the temper and those things which are accidentarie or happen to the part whence some parts are fleshy some spermaticall some hot others cold some moyst others dry some soft others hard some mooueable others immooueable finally some sensible others insensible Those which haue sence haue it either sharpe and quicke or stupid and dull A part is saide to haue exquisite sence three wayes either because of the perfection of the sense so the skin which couereth the palme of the hand and especially the fingers endes hath an exact perception of the tractable or touchable qualities or because it is more easily and sooner violated and offended by the internal and externall qualities which strike the sence so the eye is saide to be of very acute and quicke sence or because it hath a determinate or particular sence which no where else is to bee found so the mouth of the stomacke is of most exquisite sence that it might apprehend and feele the exhaustion or emptines and the suction or appetite of the other parts so also the parts of generation in both sexes haue in them a strange and strong desire and longing after their proper satisfaction The Anatomists commonly do diuide the whole body into the Head the Chest the lower belly and the ioynts The Egyptians into the head the necke the chest the hands The Egyptians diuision of the bodie Diocles. Fernelius his excellent diuision of the bodie the feet Diocles into the head the chest the belly and the bladder Fernelius in the second Book of his Method diuideth the body into publicke and priuate Regions and truely as I thinke very commodiously for a practising Physitian or Chirurgion The publick Region is threefold One and properly the first reacheth from the Gullet into the middle part of the Liuer in which are the stomacke the Meseraicke veynes the hollow part of the Liuer the Spleene and the Pancreas or sweete bread between them The second runneth from the midst of the Liuer into the small and hairy veines of the particular partes comprehending the gibbous or bounding part of the Liuer all the hollow veine the great arterie that accompanieth it and whatsoeuer portion of them is betweene the arme-holes the Groine The third Region comprehendeth the Muscles Membranes Bones and in a word all the Moles or mountenance of the body There are also many priuate Regions which haue their proper superfluities and peculiar passages for their expurgation And thus me thinkes I haue run through the nature of Man the Excellency Profite Necessitie and Method of Anatomy who haue written therof as well in olde times as of later yeares and among our selues the definitions diuisions of Anatomy the Subiect or proper Obiect of the same the nature of a Part with the differences and distributions of the same it remaineth now that we vntie such knots as might in this entrance intangle vs and so hinder our progresse to that wished end which we set before vs. A Dilucidation or Exposition of the Controuersies concerning the Subiect of ANATOMY The Praeface AS in the knowledge of Diuine Mysteries Implicit Fayth is the highway to perdition so in humane learning nothing giues a greater checke to the progresse of an Art then to beleeue it is already perfected and consummated by those which went before vs and therfore to rest our selues in their determinations For if the ancient Philosophers and Artists had contented thēselues to walke onely in the Tracke of their predecessours and had limited their Noble wits within other mens bounds the Father had neuer brought foorth the Daughter neuer had Time broght Truth to light which vpon the fall of Adam was chained in the deepe Abysse There is as of the World

is dry it cannot possibly be a competent Medium for it Hence appeareth the inualidity of Aristotles foundation to wit that Fishes doe Smell It remaineth therefore that the ayre onely is the Medium of Smelling QVEST. LIII After what manner an Odour affecteth or changeth the Medium IT is a great controuersie amongst the Masters of Philosophy how the odorable Obiect doth change the Medium that is whether that alteration be Reall or Intentionall Auerhoes impugning Auicen saith it is done Intentionally as a colour is made of that which is coloured and hee reasoneth on this manner If the Odour should bee transported through the ayre together with a body then would there be a penetration of bodies which is impossible to be and absurd to say But Auerhoes is deceiued because an Intentionall Obiect cannot really moue the Sense Now it is manifest that we Smell really That which he obiecteth concerning colour wee haue disputed already in the precedent controuersies Adde hereto that Intentionall Beings are produced from the Soule and doe depend thereon and therefore they are called Entia rationis Notions of Reason By this concession therefore it would follow that the Obiect is in the vnderstanding before it is in the Sense if it were true that a Reall obiect did make an impression of an Intentionall Odour in the Medium Did not Auerhoes remember that ruled Axiom Nihil est in intellectu quod non prius fuerit in Sensu That there is nothing in the mind which is not first in the Sense And to what purpose should any thing that is in the vnderstanding be remitted or returned vnto the Sense seeing things are therefore receiued into the Sense that they might attaine vnto the vnderstanding And whereas Auerhoes saith that there would be penetration of bodies if the odorable Obiect did really alter the Medium I answer the consequence is not good for the ayre being a most liquid Element doth easily yield to any body Adde beside that afumid exhalation being mingled with the ayre may be caried and recaried with it hither and thither After this manner also the opinion of Philoponus and Iandunus may bee refuted who doe affirme that the Odour may really together with the exhalation be caried Philoponus Iandunus refuted a good space through the Medium marry the rest of the Medium which attayneth vnto the organ of Sense is altered onely intentionally by the Odour for a reall Being doth alwayes worke really and that which is Intentionall dependeth vpon our vnderstanding But if some part of the Medium were really changed and other parts intentionally What is the reason why in remote distances a great tract of the medium is really affected and in little distances as when we moue the obiect to our Noses but a little Aegidius was of opinion that the odour was really produced in the Medium as is the Sound which sayth Placentinus is vtterly false for not so much as colour which is simply As also Aegidius and immediately made out of the mixtion of the first qualities can possibly after any manner be receiued in the ayre How then shall odour which is a second quality bee generated in the ayre Furthermore second qualities cannot mutually worke one vpon another for one white cannot produce another white no more can one odour which expireth or breatheth out of a body beget another odour in the Medium And for this cause we also most disclaime Ammonius and Boetius who say that an odour may passe out of one subiect into another for although it proceede together with the exhalation With Ammonius Boetius out of the bodies into the ayre yet it doth not change his subiect nor flit into another But the ayre being made vapoury sustayneth the exhalation together with the odour conserueth it and is a vehickle vnto it yet when the vapour is dissipated the odour vanisheth together therewith which would not happen if it were fit to flit or mooue out of one subiect into another Wee therefore with Auicen doe resolue that the Medium is really changed for that the odour doth really yssue out of the mixed body we haue proued before from whence Auicen redeemed it followeth necessarily that some part of the Medium to wit that vppon which the odoriferous exhalation doth immediatly worke is really affected Againe Odours doe really The Medium is really affected attaine euen vnto the braine and therefore there is no question but that the Medium is really affected Those therefore that say it is affected intentionally as also those that confesse some part of it be affected really but other parts intentionally haue sit downe beside the Cushion But although the odour proceede really out of the subiect and reach really vnto the braine yet no man must conceiue that the odour is diffused through the whole Medium from the obiect euen vnto the organ but it is wafted vpon the wings of the wind or transported by the motion of the ayre That an odour attayneth really vnto the braine may For they really affect the braine be proued because such odours do sometimes helpe and sometime hurt The detriment seemeth not to proceed from the odour but from the quality of the subiect which accompanieth the odour that is the exhalation For the odour being a quality cannot haue in it that hurtfull quality vnlesse you will graunt that a quality can bee in a quality Neither doeth the quality onely of exhalation affect the braine but sometimes some seedes of the Confirmed by a strange instance very substance of bodies that are of subtle partes are transported in the exhalation which setling in the braine brings foorth fearefull accidents and strange effects as it did in him who smelling oft vpon Basill had a Scorpion bred in his braine It is therefore necessary Science is from the Senses we should beleeue that the odour is really perceiued by the organ For confirmation wherof wee may also adde this argument because all knowledge or science hath his originall from the Senses Now science is of a reall not of an intentionall Being How then shall science which hath a reall subiect take his beginning from the Senses if they receiue nothing but that which is Intentionall It is therefore manifest that the Senses doe not perceiue their obiects intentionally but really and by consequent that the Medium is also really affected But it may be obiected if the odour be really imprinted in the Organ then there is no Obiection neede of an externall Medium and beside that axiome will be false That the obiect vpon the Sense doth not make Sensation We grant indeed that there is no neede of a Medium which should be betwixt the reall odour and organ but the vse of the Medium is for the conseruation preparation and Solution transportation of the odour QVEST. LIIII What is the true and principall Organ of smelling where Aristotle is confuted GAlen hath often